cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negative indirect effects of neighbors on imperiled scleractinian corals

Predation pressure on an individual may be influenced by spatial associations with other organisms. In the case of rare and imperiled species, such indirect interactions may affect the persistence and recovery of local populations. This study examined the effects of coral neighborhood composition on the foraging behavior and impact of the corallivorous gastropod, Coralliophila abbreviata. We conducted a manipulative field experiment in which focal colonies of the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis had no neighbors, conspecific neighbors, alternative prey (Orbicella faveolata) neighbors, or non-prey (Porites asteroides) neighbors. Individually tagged C. abbreviata were then seeded into the study area and allowed to colonize the experimental plots. Initial colonization was significantly affected by the species of neighboring corals and snail abundance after colonization was negatively correlated with focal colony growth. Snails exhibited a strong prey preference for A. cervicornis over O. faveolata and responded numerically to neighborhood quality (i.e., relative preference for neighboring corals). Thus, conspecific neighbors had the greatest predator-mediated negative effect on focal colony performance followed by O. faveolata neighbors. The results suggest that C. abbreviata mediate apparent competition between O. faveolata and A. cervicornis as both species contributed to the local abundance of their shared predator. Additionally, home range estimates for tagged C. abbreviata were calculated, compared among sexes, and found to be significantly greater for males than for females. Overall, this study sheds light on the foraging behavior of an important coral predator and highlights the potential importance of consumer-mediated indirect interactions in the dynamics of severely reduced populations. The results also have direct implications for conservation and population enhancement efforts.
Network disruption and modification in arsenic and germanium chalcogenides by the addition of univalent metal sulfides and selenides: Comparisons with network disruption and modification in zirconium silicate alloys

Abstract The addition of the tetravalent metal oxide, ZrO 2 , into non-crystalline (nc-) SiO 2 to form thin film nc-Zr silicates, and the univalent metal sulfides (selenides), (Cu,Ag) 2 S(Se), into nc-As 2 S(Se) 3 and -GeS(Se) 2 networks to form nc-thin film and/or bulk Ag and Cu chalcogenide alloys are compared. The bonding coordination of representative metal-atoms, generally (i) 4 for Cu, (ii) 3 for Ag, and (ii) up to 8 for Zr, do not obey the Mott 8-N rule bonding for the Si, Ge, As, and O and chalcogenide atoms in their respective host networks. These break-downs of 8-N bonding for metal atoms are accompanied by increases in the coordination of O-atoms from 2 to 3 in Zr silicate alloys to accommodate increased bond ionicity, and increases of 2–4 for S(Se)-atoms in Ag and Cu chalcogenide alloys to accommodate covalent bonding requirements in tetrahedral arrangements.
University endowment committees: how a learning orientation and knowledge factors contribute to portfolio diversification and performance

Institutional investment portfolios with broad portfolio diversification have been correlated with superior performance, but antecedents to investment committees’ asset allocation decisions have received little attention. This research examines the effect of a set of group norms called learning orientation on university endowment committees’ knowledge acquisition and implementation. Greater knowledge implementation, in turn, is found to contribute to greater portfolio diversification and higher risk-adjusted returns over a 5-year period. In addition, committee members’ expertise in diverse asset classes is found to contribute to greater portfolio diversification, having both a direct effect and also an indirect effect via knowledge implementation.
Abstract 2509: CDDO-Im induces DNA damage, G2/M arrest and apoptosis in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The breast cancer-associated gene 1 (BRCA1) is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in familial breast cancers. BRCA1 mutations also predispose to other types of cancers, pointing to a fundamental role of this pathway in tumor suppression. BRCA1 plays important roles in DNA damage and repair, homologous recombination, cell-cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The synthetic triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im) is a promising anticancer agent with potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities against a wide variety of cancer types. However the mechanisms responsible for the selective apoptotic effects of CDDO-Im in cancer cells remain elusive. In the present work, treatment of BRCA1-mutated mammary tumor cells with CCDO-Im (0.3-1 μM) led to apoptosis as characterized by decreased thymidine incorporation, increased annexin V-binding, and cleavage of PARP and caspases-3. In addition, 0.3 μM CDDO-Im treatment depleted the G1 population of cells, which was accompanied by an accumulation of cells at G2 phase. CDDO-Im also activated the DNA damage response by inducing the phosphorylation of Chk1/2 and the up-regulation of p21, prior to the induction of apoptosis in BRCA1-mutated cancer cells. The inhibition of Chk1 by UCN-01, a Chk1 inhibitor abrogated G2/M arrest induced by CDDO-Im. To investigate how CDDO-Im activates the DNA damage response in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer cells, we performed a comet assay and Western Blot for γH2AX, a marker of DNA damage. CDDO-Im induced DNA damage and the phosphorylation of H2AX in BRCA1-mutated mammary tumor cells. Pretreatment with 0.3 μM CDDO-Im sensitized BRCA1-mutated cancer cells to carboplatin, a DNA-damaging agent, suggesting that CDDO-Im potentiates the effect of this drug. Moreover, CDDO-Im also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in these tumor cells, which is associated with the induction of DNA damage. The inhibition of ROS generation by uric acid prevented CDDO-Im-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, treatment with CDDO-Im was not cytotoxic to normal mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, highlighting a selective therapeutic potential of CDDO-Im for BRCA1-associated breast cancer. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CDDO-Im induces ROS and subsequent DNA damage, thereby facilitating the activation of the DNA damage checkpoint, G2/M arrest and finally apoptosis in Brca1-mutated cancer cells. These findings are being explored in vivo to determine whether CDDO-Im could be used therapeutically for BRCA1-associated breast cancer. This study was supported by Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2509.
Illicit drugs: What dermatologists need to know

We review the most common systemic and cutaneous signs of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, Ecstasy, and marijuana use. We also provide an overview of the skin and soft-tissue infections frequently found in intravenous drug users and the effects of the adulterants added to the drugs.
Low-fugacity asymptotic expansion for classical lattice dipole gases

We consider a classical dipole gas in the grand canonical ensemble. We prove that in dimensions greater than or equal to three, and for all temperatures, the free energy and the charges-dipoles correlation functions have an expansion in powers ofz, the fugacity of the system, which is asymptotic to all orders. We also give some information about the decay of correlations.
Split inherent-capacitive load model for CMOS buffer design

CMOS buffers are made up of a series of tapered inverters with each inverter driving a larger inverter. A split inherent-capacitance load model has been used in the design of tapered buffers, giving an improved value for the optimum taper factor between inverter stages. The overall buffer propagation delay and output transition time so obtained are smaller than those obtained using the split-capacitive load buffer model, but there is a small increase in area and power dissipation.
Local government perspectives of federal land management in Nevada

Abstract The impact of federal land ownership and management is a particularly contentious issue in the Western United States. Perhaps most significantly impacted is the State of Nevada, which is 87 percent federally owned. Over the last two decades, there has been some movement towards state-centered federalism. Former President Clinton was an advocate of “reinventing government”, which in part entailed a larger role for state and local governments in the policy-making and implementation process. Presidential Executive Order 12132, issued by Clinton in 1999, required federal agencies to develop “federalism summary impact statements” when creating new policies or altering existing rules. Our analysis is a bottom-up look at the impacts of federalism in Nevada counties. County officials report that they are not adequately consulted by federal land managers and that a lack of consultation impacts on the local planning process and represents a cost to local businesses and individual taxpayers. An analysis of Payments in Lieu of Taxes indicates that with limited—yet notable—exceptions, the federal government pays a larger sum to counties than would be collected if the federal lands were privatized.
Properties of gel-silica optical matrices with 4.5-nm and 9.0-nm pores

Sol-gel processing of tetramethyl orthosilicate with HNO 3 as a catalyst has been used to make optically transparent silica matrices with interconnected porosity of 1.2 to 1.4 nm radii. However, large pores are often needed for impregnation of the matrices with optically active organics. Larger pore volumes are also desirable for many applications of these optical composites. Two methods for producing larger pore matrices are compared: (1) Catalysis with dilute HF, and (2) aging in a basic NH 4 OH solution. Pore radii of matrices made by the HF method are 5.0 nm after thermal stabilization at 900 degree(s)C and 4.4 nm after 1000 degree(s)C. Pore volumes are 0.9 cm 3 /g at 900 degree(s)C and 0.7 cm 3 /g at 1000 degree(s)C. The ammonia aging process yields 9.0 nm radius pores at 900 degree(s)C and 8.7 nm pores at 1000 degree(s)C. Pore volumes are 1.0 cm 3 /g at 1000 degree(s)C. Optical properties (including UV cut-off, UV-vis-NIR transmission, IR absorption, index of refraction), bulk and structural densities of the matrices made by both methods (900 degree(s)C and 1000 degree(s)C stabilization) are compared with the 1.4 nm pore radius matrices.
Quantitative Metrics for Assessing Plan Quality

Despite many studies over the last 3 decades that have attempted to explicitly quantify the decision-making process for radiotherapy treatment plan evaluation, judgments of an individual plan's degree of quality are still largely subjective and can show inter- and intra-practitioner variability even if the clinical treatment goals are the same. Several factors conspire to confound the full quantification of treatment plan quality, including uncertainties in dose response of cancerous and normal tissue, the rapid pace of new technology adoption, and the human component of treatment planning. However, new developments in clinical informatics and automation are lowering the bar for developing and implementing quantitative metrics into the treatment planning process. This review discusses general strategies for using quantitative metrics in the treatment planning process and presents a case study in intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning whereby control was established on a variable system via such techniques.
Model-based OPC for resist reflow process

In this paper, model-based optical proximity correction (OPC) software for thermal reflow is introduced and verified for its accuracy in comparison with experiment results due to pitch sizes. For its purpose, the resist reflow process (RRP) is modeled, and the OPE effects after development and thermal reflow are described by using the top view images. The sensitivity of the optimized parameters for contact hole and side wall angle of simulated profiles is analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Through the quantization of sensitivity of these easy-to-optimized simulation parameters, lithography processes are quantified and compared between line-and-space and contact hole. By using the behavior model on the chip layout, the designed mask dimensions are changed due to the correction of the RRP image. The final profiles after the model-based OPC show that the optical proximity effects are reduced to an acceptable level even with the mask errors included.
A genetic map for the cowpea strain of TMV

Abstract A cowpea strain of TMV engenders rods of several sizes in infected tissues, including a short rod which contains the capsid protein gene. When full length rods were incubated at 60° with sodium dodecyl sulfate, each partially disrupted virion had an RNA strand visible at one end only. This partially stripped virus (PSV) was treated with ribonucleases and then with detergent and phenol to recover the portion of the RNA protected by the unstripped protein (PROT-RNA). PSV, long rod RNA, short rod RNA, and RNA (I 2 -RNA) from a naturally occurring rod of intermediate length, but not PROT-RNA, could be enzymatically aminoacylated with valine. This suggests that the long rods of this cowpea strain of TMV, like those of the common strain, are stripped from the 3′-end of the RNA, and that the PROT-RNA must be derived from the 5′-end. PSV, long rod RNA, and short rod RNA, but not PROT-RNA, competed with labeled short rod RNA in molecular hybridization reactions with melted double-stranded RNA from cowpea strain TMV-infected tissue. I 2 -RNA previously had been shown to contain nucleotide sequences of the short rod RNA. Therefore, the short and intermediate rod RNA seem to be derived from those long rod RNA nucleotide sequences which are close to the 3′-terminus. PROT-RNA of apparent molecular weight 1.4 × 10 6 and long rod RNA both directed the synthesis of polypeptides of apparent molecular weight 130,000. The results are consistent with the gene for this high molecular weight polypeptide being close to the 5′-terminus of the long rod RNA, the capsid protein gene being close to the 3′-terminus, and the I 2 -RNA translation product (MW = ∼29,000) being between.
journal of visual culture Rodents

The computer mouse is the latest rodent on municipal vermin lists. The poisonous electronic waste that piles up on our city streets makes digital humanity seem as much an urban infestation as the common rat.
Endocrine Factors Influencing the Intensity of Milk Secretion. A. Estrogen, Thyroxine, and Growth Hormone

Summary 1.A group of dairy heifers whose udders were grown and subsequently induced to secrete milk experimentally were allowed to reach their maximum production without further treatment. When they began to decline in milk yield, each heifer was treated with three hormones, one after the other, to determine their effect upon the intensity of milk secretion. 2.It was assumed that if the hormone administered either arrested the normal decline or increased the intensity of milk secretion it would indicate that the animal's endogenous secretion of the hormone was limiting its milk secretion capacity. 3.It was shown that the daily feeding of 10mg. of diethylstilbestrol for a period of 4 weeks tended to arrest the decline in milk yield and in some animals caused a slight increase in milk yield during the period. In two cows in late lactation the prolonged feeding of this hormone caused the maintenance of the level for periods of 9 to 10 weeks. 4.It was suggested that these data indicate that low levels of estrogen tend to prevent the decline in the secretion of the lactogenic hormone of the pituitary. 5.The injection of L-thyroxine at the level of 0.4mg. per 100lb. body weight for periods of 4 to 9 weeks in some heifers produced a marked rise in milk yield, whereas in others the effect was less or nil. 6.These data are believed to indicate the degree to which the endogenous rate of secretion of thyroxine was limiting the milk producing capacity of the individual heifer. 7.When the injection of thyroxine was stopped suddenly, the yield of milk declined rapidly for about 2 weeks then increased to the level which might have been expected at that stage of lactation. During periods of exogenous thyroxine administration, the secretion of enogenous thyroxine is prevented but returns rapidly to the normal rate when thyroxine injections are stopped. 8.The injection daily of 50mg. of growth hormone for a period of 1 week stimulated a marked increase in milk yield in five of eight cows injected, which increase was sustained for periods of 2 to 8 weeks. Three cows showed no response. 9.The variation in the response to growth hormone was interpreted as indicating the degree to which the intensity of milk secretion was limited by the rate of endogenous secretion of the growth hormone. 10.On the basis of the responsiveness of each animal to the three hormones administered, an analysis of the genetic-endocrine causes of their variability in milk production was suggested. Data similar to this in regard to the dams and to the progeny of dairy sires would make possible matings of animals, not on the basis of total production, but on the adequacy of the rate of secretion of the hormones that make possible high milk production.
A note on strongly Jonsson binary relational structures

Let X be a set and let R be a binary relation on X. A subset L of X is said to be a lower set of X := (X, R) provided whenever x ∈ L and y ∈ X with yRx, then also y ∈ L. In this note, we study binary relational structures X with the property that distinct lower sets of X have distinct cardinalities.
Dendrimer-like PEO glycopolymers exhibit anti-inflammatory properties.

A new class of high molecular weight polysulfated PEO dendrimer-like glycopolymer has been synthesized by a combination of arm-first and core-first methodologies followed by trichloroacetimidate glycosidation as a facile bioconjugation strategy. An L-selectin antagonist was identified that exhibits 103-fold greater activity than other multivalent sLex glycopolymers and 20−50 times greater potency than other linear heparinoids. A significant reduction in inflammatory cell recruitment was observed in vivo.
Massive opioid resistance in an infant with a localized metastasis to the midbrain periaqueductal gray.

We report the case of a 4-month-old infant with terminal malignancy who had systemic metastases and a localized metastasis to the dorsal midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Extraordinary doses of opioids (dose equivalent of 2680 mg morphine sulfate/h, i.v.) were required to achieve adequate analgesia. The behavior of the infant, interpreted as being representative of a response to pain, may have been an aversive reaction due to the location of the lesion in the dorsal PAG. We propose that the lesion in the PAG impaired the responsiveness of this infant to the effect of opioids. This report is to alert clinicians to the possible role of the PAG in impaired opioid responsiveness in patients with terminal malignancy, as well as the possibility that pain-like signs (e.g., tachycardia, tachypnea, vocalization, facial grimacing) may indicate an aversive reaction rather than pain in non-verbal patients.
Genetic mediation of cholesterol metabolism in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus)

Genetic effects on serum cholesterol concentration and measures of cholesterol metabolism were investigated in 83 normocholesterolemic juvenile baboons (Papio cynocephalus), the progeny of 6 sires. Sire effects (P < 0.05) were observed for serum cholesterol concentration, cholesterol turnover rate, cholesterol production rate, and several cholesterol pool parameters derived from a two-pool model. The estimates of heritability (h2) for the half-time of the first (t12A) and second exponentials (t21B) derived from serum [14C]cholesterol decay curves and the cholesterol turnover rate were 0.67, 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. These heritabilities and those for serum cholesterol concentration (h2 = 0.44) and cholesterol production rate (h2 = 0.56) indicate these characters are moderately to highly heritable. Serum cholesterol concentration was correlated genetically with cholesterol turnover rate (rg = −0.56), production rate (rg = −0.41), t12A (rg = 0.53), and t12B (rg = 0.39). Correlations among observed values, or phenotypic correlations, were low. Path analyses revealed that the low phenotypic correlation (rp = 0.02) between serum cholesterol concentration and cholesterol turnover rate was due to genetic and environmental contributions of similar magnitude but opposite in sign. The low phenotypic correlations of serum cholesterol with cholesterol production rate, t12A, and t12B (rp = −0.24, 0.23, and 0.19, respectively) were due primarily to the genetic contribution since environmental contributions were near zero. Application of similar genetic and path analytic techniques to human populations should enhance our understanding of the low phenotypic relationships previously observed between serum cholesterol and parameters of cholesterol metabolism.
Enhancing academic performance and social and emotional competence with the RULER feeling words curriculum

Abstract A pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was used to test the impact of a 30-week, theoretically-based social and emotional learning (SEL) curriculum, The RULER Feeling Words Curriculum (“RULER”), on the academic performance and social and emotional competence of 5th and 6th grade students ( N = 273) in fifteen classrooms in three schools. Academic performance was assessed by report card grades. Social and emotional competence was assessed with teacher reports of student behavior. Students in classrooms integrating RULER had higher year-end grades and higher teacher ratings of social and emotional competence (e.g., leadership, social skills, and study skills) compared to students in the comparison group. This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that SEL programs like RULER improve important student outcomes.
Measurement of fatty acid and glucose oxidation by fetal heart cells in monolayer tissue culture

We have utilized a method to investigate substracte oxidations of embryonic chick heart cells growing in monolayer culture. The cells are growth in small capped Falcon flasks in F-12 media supplemented with fetal calf serum and chick embryo extract. For the assay the cells are washed with buffer to remove the media and are then incubated with 14C-palmitate for 1 hour at 37°. After perchloric acid is injected through a serum cap to terminate the reaction, Hyamine-OH is injected into a polypropylene well fixed to the serum cap to trap the evolved 14CO2 which can then be counted. The oxidation of palmitic acid is very active and further stimulated if carnitine is included in the media. Palmitic acid oxidation is decreased by over 75% if the cells are scraped from the flasks prior to the assay perhaps due to alternations of the surface properties of the cells. The specific activity of palmitic acid oxidation is constant regardless of days in culture or initial plating density. In contrast, the specific activity of glucose oxidation is high during cell proliferation and markedly decreases as the cells plateau. Scraping the cells from the flask had little effect on oxidation. The decrease in glucose oxidation is associated with a stiking fall in the raio of glucose-1-14C to glucose-6-14C oxidation indicating a shift away from the hexose monophosphate shunt. Insulin stimulates glucose oxidation by 13 day embryonic heart cells when the cells are proliferating and show high specific activity for glucose oxidation. This method provides a rapid and convenient system for investigation of substrate oxidations in tissue culture.
The Virtues of a Good Fight: Assessing the Ethics of Fighting in the National Hockey League

Violence in sports is under intense public scrutiny. One hotly disputed issue concerns the acceptability of violent retaliation in sports, particular in the form of fighting in the National Hockey League (NHL). The question posed here is: Can fighting in the NHL be virtuous? Some think not, maintaining that fighting is undisciplined and ostensibly at odds with the virtues of good temper and justice. Contrary to this conclusion, this paper presents arguments that support the view that fighting in the NHL can be virtuous and clearly and consistently action guiding if certain conditions are met. These conditions require that fighting as a practice helps to provide an education in the virtues, is reasonably safe, is good for the community of participants, and is part of a morally sensitive and progressive tradition and organizational structure. Yet in the end, while fighting in the NHL can be morally justified, recognizing and instilling the virtues of a good fight would require some rather significant formal...
Byzantium in Dark-Age Greece (the numismatic evidence in its Balkan context)

AbstractMuch has been made of the presence or absence of seventh- and eighth-century coins on several sites in Greece, primarily in Athens and Corinth. Kenneth Sefton and Peter Charanis have paved the way for a cultural-historical interpretation of coin finds, but a thorough comparison of both single and hoard finds from Greece with others from the Balkans suggests a very different interpretation. Instead of signalising decline, low-denomination coins, especially from Athens, may point to local markets of low-value commodities, such as food, as well as to the permanent presence of the fleet.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of 8-Fluoroindolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione (8-Fluorotryptanthrin) at the Graphite-Solution Interface : Fully Resolved Molecular Orbitals

Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to observe 8-fluorotryptanthrin, an analogue of indolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6,12-dione (tryptanthrin). Images were collected of molecules adsorbed at the solution−HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) interface, displaying submolecular resolution. Measurements at negative bias are provided where individual molecular orbital lobes were observed, correlating directly to the density functional theory model of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Molecules measured approximately 1.3 nm in length. Separate surface domains, displaying an offset of approximately 0.36 nm, were observed from parallel rows of molecules. Two-dimensional enantiomers were observed occupying the domain boundary. Raised features observed in the image suggest that molecules of 8-fluorotryptanthrin experience adsorption-induced stereoisomerization, similar to its parent compound.
A generative view of mimemis

Abstract Among the problematics of aesthetic theory, none is more deeply rooted in tradition than the intuition that art is, in some sense, mimetic. It is the traditional ‘in some sense’ that leads the theorist to wonder whether the notion of mimesis, so central to most aesthetic discourse, can be rigorously conceptualized. From Aristotle to his most modern disciples, the objects, manners, and media of mimesis have been examined in great detail; the usage of the term at the core, viz. mimesis, has remained vague. In order to integrate the concept of mimesis into a coherent view of the dynamic production and appreciation of artistic texts, it is essential to break with tradition and to conceive of mimesis as process. Mimesis is a noetic process resembling the process of ‘ordinary’ noesis, i.e. the making of assertions about reality. Since it is sequentially dependent on the occurrence of other noetic processes, mimesis is a part of a historical dialectic of informational exchange, and its outputs are, therefore, sensitive to historical pressures. Because mimesis involves the exchange of information, it participates in the dialectic of creating beliefs and eliciting behaviors. These beliefs and behaviors throw light on the role of mimesis as a means of suasion and mystification and on the motives and strategies underlying its use. Formal models can be adduced to account for the generation of artistic texts. These models describe the heteroclite yet continuous process by which mimetic and other noetic sequences are interpolated in order to radicalize the modes of reception of the text. By illustrating the disjunctiveness and the interdependence, the exploitation and the suppression of noetic systems within a text, a focus can be developed for examining the sensitivity of allegedly innate universals to historical change. Needless to say, the adequacy of the models mentioned depends on the adequacy of our knowledge concerning both innate universals and the dialectics of noesis.
Navier-Stokes Prediction of Large-Amplitude Delta-Wing Roll Oscillations

Vortical flow about a 65-deg sweep delta wing at 15-deg angle of attack is numerically simulated for static roll and forced roll oscillations using the time-dependent, three-dimensional, Reynolds-aver aged, Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. This is a first step towards the development of an experimentally validated computational method for simulating wing rock with the RANS equations. Turbulent computations are presented for static roll angles up through 42 deg. The effects of roll angle on the vortex aerodynamics are discussed, and solution accuracy is evaluated by comparison with experimental data. The effects of grid refinement and zonal boundary condition treatment are assessed at zero roll angle. Computational results for a large-amplitud e (<& max = 40 deg), high-rate (/ = 7 Hz) forced roll motion is also presented. Computed static and dynamic surface-pressure coefficients, rolling-moment coefficients, normal-force coefficients, and streamwise c.p. locations compare very well with experimental data. The static rolling-moment coefficients indicate the wing is statically stable under the present flow conditions. Moreover, the dynamic rolling-moment coefficients indicate that the fluid extracts energy from the wing motion, i.e., the wing is positively damped. The computed and experimental damping energy agree within 3%.
An Imaging Spectrometer For The Investigation Of Mars

Imaging spectrometers are expected to play a crucial role in many upcoming unmanned planetary missions. The scientific goal of imaging spectrometry is to obtain compositional data about the target body by measuring the intensity and distribution of characteristic spectral signature features in the visible and infrared radiation reflected and emitted by surface materials. As part of the Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP) sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a modular imaging spectrometer design with applicability to a diverse range of future planetery missions is being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Derived from the near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) developed by JPL for the Galileo mission to Jupiter, the first version of the visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) has been tentatively selected for NASA's recently approved Mars Observer mission.
Conclusion: advances in current treatment for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Conclusion: advances in current treatment for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Consumers Prefer a Point-Of-Purchase (POP) Program to a Classroom-Style Program When Learning about Phytochemicals

Abstract Phytochemicals may provide health benefits to humans and help protect against some chronic conditions. Dietetics professionals have been encouraged to educate consumers on the role of phytochemicals in a varied diet and to translate the related research. A POP educational program emphasizing phytochemical food sources and a classroom-style program were developed and previously described. Thirty-three adult consumers participated in a PST, and 85 participated in a PCEP (identical content and handouts). Results from a program evaluation form were analyzed for differences between the two groups using Pearson Likelihood ratio (SPSS 8.0.1, Chicago, IL, 1998). Participants in both programs reported that something new was learned (P
Agricultural innovation and socio-economic change in early medieval Europe: evidence from Britain and France

Abstract Historical and archaeological data suggest that the Middle Saxon period (c. 650–850 ce) in eastern England was an era of substantial social, political and economic change. This paper argues that it was also a period of substantial innovation in animal husbandry practices. Zooarchaeological data demonstrate a shift from a non-specialized system designed to meet local subsistence needs to more specialized animal husbandry, focused on specific animal products – wool production, but at some sites also pork production – and designed to produce a surplus in agricultural commodities. A similar pattern can be observed in early medieval France. Several possible explanations are examined, including its relation to state formation, the rise of the emporia (the first towns of the post-Roman West), the spread of monasticism and the possibility that this represents a bottom-up innovation pioneered at rural estate centres. The zooarchaeological data suggest that both monastic centres and secular estate centres ...
The Mechanistic Basis of Body Size Differences Between Two Hyalella (Amphipoda) Species

Abstract The mechanistic basis of differences in adult body size between two closely related freshwater amphipod species (Hyalella spp.) are investigated. The study populations, Duck Lake and George Pond, are representative of two sibling species found in southeast Michigan, U.S.A that differ in adult body size and life history. An analysis of relative growth rates across size classes indicated that growth rates were similar in small size classes, but divergent at larger size classes, with higher growth rates in Hyalella from George Pond. Because the timing of the divergence coincides with the onset of reproduction in the Duck Lake population, which reaches sexual maturity at a smaller body size than individuals in the George Pond population, tradeoffs in allocation of resources between growth and reproduction probably contribute substantially to population differences in adult body size. Resource consumption rates were similar between populations in small and intermediate size classes, but large Duck Lak...
Role of clathrin- and actin-dependent endocytotic pathways in lung phospholipid uptake.

We evaluated the contribution of endocytotic pathways to pulmonary uptake of surfactant lipids from the alveolar space. Resting and stimulated 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP...
Impairment-Constrained Multi-Rate Multicast Flow Aggregation in IP over Optical Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of multicast flow aggregation with the objective of minimizing the total number of trees. Each established tree can choose a line rate from multiple available line rates. The destinations of each tree are guaranteed to receive data correctly from the source through the chosen line rate. We first use two auxiliary graphs to describe the problem and show that the problem is NP-hard. An integer linear program (ILP) is given to solve small scale problems. We then provide a heuristic approach, named highest rate first (HRF). Numerical results show that HRF achieves good results in both large and small scale problems.
Lateral Process Talus Fracture in a Kayaking Injury

A high degree of suspicion for lateral process talus fracture is needed in patients with lateral ankle pain after a kayaking or similar paddling sport injury.
Multiple access performance of ultra-wideband transmitted reference systems in multipath environments

The multiple access (MA) performance of an ultra-wideband differential transmitted reference (UWB DTR) system and an ultra-wideband transmitted reference (UWB TR) system in multipath environments is investigated through analysis. The Gaussian assumption of the multiple access interference is verified by simulation and used in the analysis. Numerical examples are also given in this paper according to the analytical results and the channel models proposed by IEEE P802.15 working group. Results show that the MA performance of these two systems depends on the multipath situation, and the MA capacity of an UWB DTR system is twice that of an UWB TR system. A transmission strategy for these two systems is also proposed to improve the MA performance.
Taming the torrent: a practical approach to reducing cross-isp traffic in peer-to-peer systems

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, which provide a variety of popular services, such as file sharing, video streaming and voice-over-IP, contribute a significant portion of today's Internet traffic. By building overlay networks that are oblivious to the underlying Internet topology and routing, these systems have become one of the greatest traffic-engineering challenges for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and the source of costly data traffic flows. In an attempt to reduce these operational costs, ISPs have tried to shape, block or otherwise limit P2P traffic, much to the chagrin of their subscribers, who consistently finds ways to eschew these controls or simply switch providers.In this paper, we present the design, deployment and evaluation of an approach to reducing this costly cross-ISP traffic without sacrificing system performance. Our approach recycles network views gathered at low cost from content distribution networks to drive biased neighbor selection without any path monitoring or probing. Using results collected from a deployment in BitTorrent with over 120,000 users in nearly 3,000 networks, we show that our lightweight approach significantly reduces cross-ISP traffic and, over 33% of the time, it selects peers along paths that are within a single autonomous system (AS). Further, we find that our system locates peers along paths that have two orders of magnitude lower latency and 30% lower loss rates than those picked at random, and that these high-quality paths can lead to significant improvements in transfer rates. In challenged settings where peers are overloaded in terms of available bandwidth, our approach provides 31% average download-rate improvement; in environments with large available bandwidth, it increases download rates by 207% on average (and improves median rates by 883%
Rate of Food Passage (Transit Time) as Influenced by Level of Supplemental Fat

An experiment involving 35 White Leghorn hens was conducted to study the influence of graded levels of supplemental yellow grease on rate of food passage (transit time). Seven experimental diets (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% supplemental fat) were formulated. Transit time was determined by utilizing either Cr2O3 or 144Ce as indicators. First appearance of the markers in the excreta and percentages of the markers ingested that were recovered in excreta 10 hr after feeding were criteria used to determine transit time. There was a significant (P less than .01) linear effect of fat on transit time of Cr2O3 whereby the time required for the marker to appear in the excreta increased with increments of supplemental fat. Average first appearance time of Cr2O3 was 193, 219, 214, 227, 251, 250, and 270 min for the diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% supplemental fat, respectively. Transit time of 144Ce also was increased slightly (P less than .10) by fat supplementation. Transit time, measured as percentage of marker recovered in excreta 10 hr after feeding, was faster for the control than for the fat-supplemented diets, although the linear effects of fat were not statistically significant (P greater than .10). The results show that supplemental fat increased transit time of ingesta in chickens. This observation may be helpful in understanding the nature of the extrametabolic effect of fat in poultry diets. By increasing transit time, supplemental fats may improve digestibility of other dietary constituents and thereby increase the utilization of dietary energy.
The Broward Mental Health Court: process, outcomes, and service utilization

Mental health courts are one of a variety of special jurisdiction courts that have been created in a number of countries, including the United States (Petrila, 2003). While there is no prototypical mental health court (Steadman, Davidson, & Brown, 2001; Watson, Luchins, & Hanrahan, 2001), most of those in existence today share several common characteristics. These include (a) the creation of a special docket (usually, but not always, nonviolent misdemeanants with mental illness) that is (b) handled by a particular judge, with (c) a primary goal of diverting defendants from the criminal justice system and into treatment (Goldkamp & Irons-Guynn, 2000). In addition, the principle of therapeutic jurisprudence has been influential as a philosophic basis for the creation of some if not all mental health courts. ‘‘Therapeutic jurisprudence’’ has been offered as a way for courts and attorneys to examine ‘‘the extent to which substantive rules, legal procedures, and the roles of lawyers and judges produce therapeutic or antitherapeutic consequences’’ (Wexler & Winick, 1991). Both mental health court (Wren, 1998) and drug court judges (Hora, Schma, & Rosenthal, 1999) have been explicit in their reliance on therapeutic jurisprudence as the underpinning of their courts. We are currently evaluating the Broward County Florida Mental Health Court (MHC), one of the first mental health courts in the United States. Full details of this evaluation are
Robust Watermarking System Using Security Enhancement on Content Based Image Segmentation

The problem of embedding the watermark robustly within a host signal is discussed. The host signal is the image segments generated as described in our pervious related works [1-2]. Both the image segments and watermark are transformed into the discrete wavelet domain based on our above mentioned work. The image and watermark wavelet coefficients are then fused together. The integrated system takes into account the characteristics of the Human Visual System (HVS). Two keys are required for security due to the wavelet parameterization. The objective of the proposed system is to be adaptive and take into account the natural characteristics of the host image segments as well as providing security without affecting the robustness of the watermark.
A Step beyond the bounce: Bubble dynamics in quantum phase transitions

We study the dynamical evolution of a phase interface or bubble in the context of a $\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}+g{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{6}$ scalar quantum field theory. We use a self-consistent mean-field approximation derived from a 2PI effective action to construct an initial value problem for the expectation value of the quantum field and two-point function. We solve the equations of motion numerically in $1+1$ dimensions and compare the results to the purely classical evolution. We find that the quantum fluctuations dress the classical profile, affecting both the early time expansion of the bubble and the behavior upon collision with a neighboring interface.
Targeting enteric bacteria in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: why, how, and when.

PurposeThis review discusses the role of bacterial adjuvants and antigens in induction and reactivation of chronic intestinal inflammation in susceptible hosts; discusses the results of recent therapeutic trials of antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics; and suggests future treatment strategies.Rec
Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in children.

Pseudomembranous colitis secondary to the administration of antibiotics is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of medical therapy in children. Fortunately, it occurs rarely despite the ubiquitous use of such drugs as ampicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin among the pediatric population. The potentially devastating nature of the disease, however, makes it imperative for all prescribers of antibiotic agents to be aware of its clinical manifestations, etiology, and appropriate treatment.
Design considerations for vertical delta k directional coupler

Theoretical results relevant to the design of a vertical Delta kappa switch are presented. The principle of a Delta kappa switch is the modulation of the coupling length by the application of an even electrooptic perturbation on the coupling region. Power switching requires that Delta kappa L= pi /2. The initial state can be tuned electrically. The coupling length and the change with the index perturbation depend on many factors, such as the thickness and the refractive index of the coupling layer. Based on an analytic solution of the eigenmodes and eigenindices of the symmetric structure, the author clarifies many of these dependencies and obtains the relationship between the switching length required for power crossover and the available index change. The merits of the Delta kappa switch are discussed, and its efficiency is compared with that of the conventional Delta beta switch. >
Map Invariance and the State Reconstruction Problem for Nonlinear Discrete-time Systems

The role of map invariance is examined within the context of the dynamic state reconstruction problem for nonlinear discrete-time systems. In particular, the key notion of invariant manifold for maps in nonlinear discrete-time dynamics is shown to be conceptually insightful and technically quite effective to address important issues related to the deterministic observerbased nonlinear state estimation problem in the discrete-time domain. As a necessary first methodological step, the problem of quantitatively characterizing the asymptotic long-term behavior of nonlinear discrete-time systems with a skew-product structure using the notion of map invariance is revisited. The formulation of this problem can be naturally realized through a system of invariance functional equations (FEs), for which a set of existence and uniqueness conditions of a solution is provided. Under a certain set of conditions, it is shown that the invariant manifold computed attracts all system trajectories/orbits, and therefore, the asymptotic long-term dynamic behavior of the system is determined through the restriction of the discrete-time system dynamics on the invariant manifold. Within the above analytical framework, the nonlinear full-order observer design problem in the discrete-time domain is considered, appropriately formulated and an interpretation of previous work on the problem is attempted through the notion of invariant manifolds for maps. Furthermore, this framework allows the development of a new approach to the nonlinear reduced-order observer design problem for multiple-output systems in the discrete-time domain, which is also presented in the present work. Finally, the performance of the proposed nonlinear reduced-order discrete-time observer is assessed in an illustrative bioreactor example through simulations.
Vitamin D intake: what advice should be given to women of childbearing age?

Vitamin D has been traditionally associated with calcium metabolism and skeletal outcomes, such as rickets and osteoporosis [1]. For women of a childbearing age, vitamin D supplementation through m...
Optical Techniques for the Measurement of Light Absorption by Particulates

A review is presented of the available techniques of measuring particulate light-absorption properties, the imaginary part of the particulates’ refractive index and the aerosols’ absorption coefficient. Included is a discussion of the applicability, accuracy, and cost of the techniques; and data collected to date with the techniques is summarized. Evidence is presented to answer the question: Does a quantitative relationship exist between the atmospheric light-absorption properties of particulates and elemental carbon? Finally, research areas are identified in which instrumentation development and field work are required to improve the understanding of the role absorbing particulate species play in atmospheric optics.