cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum Hall Enigmas

The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is one of the most striking, and at the same time one of the most enigmatic, physical phenomena to be discovered in the last few decades. Experimentally, the results are simple, straightforward, and of almost unparalleled accuracy. Quantum Hall research facilities have sprung up all over the world, and the “von Klitzing constant” R = 25812.807 has become a metrological standard. Theoretically, however, this same simplicity has not emerged. Although a great many papers have been written on the quantum Hall effect, very few QHE books have appeared, and those that have emphasize the tentative nature of the theories. An introductory text, published in 1994, describes this situation very succinctly [1]: “A somewhat disturbing fact one faces when writing a book on the theory of the QHE is that, unfortunately, for the time being no conclusive theory of this fundamental phenomenon is available – in spite of the numerous attempts that have been undertaken to explain it from the time of its discovery. All that has been achieved so far is the working out of certain aspects which will be part of the ultimate theory that is still to be achieved. ... In general, publishing an introduction to a non-existing ... theory is not considered to be advisable.” In the present paper we list and briefly discuss a series of enigmatic quantum Hall topics. Hopefully these results will lead to further investigations in this important field.
A Dependent Demand Approach to Service Organization Planning and Control

The criteria traditionally used to classify organizations as manufacturing and service offer little utility to managers in planning and controlling operations. The identification of similarities that allow implementation of proven management techniques is critically important regardless of organizational classification. This paper briefly reviews criteria for classifying manufacturing and service organizations and suggests an extension of the dependent demand concept to planning and control for service organizations. Applications of this approach to service organizations are provided.
Not on My Watch: Facilitating peer reporting through employee job attitudes and personality traits

Because employees often conceal their misbehavior from management, counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) can be difficult to detect. Fortunately, peer reporting – which occurs when employees report their coworkers' misdeeds to organizational authorities – may enhance the detection of CWBs. Little is known, however, about the variables that facilitate peer reporting. Using a sample of working adults (N = 267), we examined job attitudes and personality traits as moderators of the relationship between CWB observations and CWB reporting. Our results suggest that most CWBs employees observe go unreported. Furthermore, we found that organizational commitment strengthened the relationship between CWB observations and CWB reporting. The other hypothesized moderators, however, failed to yield the expected interaction effects.
Thermistor materials and applications

The temperature-dependent properties of thermistors make them suitable for many other applications than just temperature control
Serine/threonine phosphorylation regulates HNF-4α-dependent redox-mediated iNOS expression in hepatocytes

Nitric oxide (NO), endogenously synthesized by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), serves antioxidant and antiapoptotic functions in settings characterized by oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokin...
Integrating Technical Communication Into China’s English Major Curriculum:

Previous research has suggested the need for developing technical communication education in Chinese universities. Following this suggestion, this article examines the possibility of integrating technical communication into China’s English major curriculum. Based on findings from two universities, the article discusses the design of China’s English major curriculum and Chinese teacher and student perspectives on technical communication. The author suggests that China’s English for Specific Purposes (ESP) education provides a promising home for integrating technical communication and that this integration can enhance China’s current ESP education. The author presents three integration models and discusses questions for future research.
2008 Kent Award Lecture: An Historian Interprets the Future of Gerontology

Donald Peterson Kent believed that gerontology would grow through innovative inquiry, effective teaching, and well-evaluated policies and programs that benefited the elderly people. Because advances in research, education, and practice sustain each other, Kent’s tripartite agenda continues to be instructive as globalization presents fresh challenges and opportunities for gerontologists to advance our multifaceted, multidisciplinary, multinational enterprise. Donald Kent’s vision offers a compelling blueprint for interpreting the field’s future as gerontologists en gage in theory building, educational trail blazing, and redefining older people’s roles in aging societies.
Maximum lifetime data sensing and extraction in energy constrained networked sensor systems

We focus on data gathering problems in energy constrained networked sensor systems. The system operates in rounds where a subset of the sensors generate a certain number of data packets during each round. All the data packets need to be transferred to the base station. The goal is to maximize the system lifetime in terms of the number of rounds the system can operate. We show that the above problem reduces to a restricted flow problem with quota constraint, flow conservation requirement, and edge capacity constraint. We further develop a strongly polynomial time algorithm for this problem, which is guaranteed to find an optimal solution. We then study the performance of a distributed shortest path heuristic for the problem. This heuristic is based on self-stabilizing spanning tree construction and shortest path routing methods. In this heuristic, every node determines its sensing activities and data transfers based on locally available information. No global synchronization is needed. Although the heuristic cannot guarantee optimality, simulations show that the heuristic has good average case performance over randomly generated deployment of sensors. We also derive bounds for the worst case performance of the heuristic.
Antarctic sea ice extent variability and its global connectivity

Abstract This study statistically evaluates the relationship between Antarctic sea ice extent and global climate variability. Temporal cross correlations between detrended Antarctic sea ice edge (SIE) anomaly and various climate indices are calculated. For the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean, as well as the tropical Pacific precipitation, a coherent propagating pattern is clearly evident in all correlations with the spatially averaged (over 12° longitude) detrended SIE anomalies (〈SIE*〉). Correlations with ENSO indices imply that up to 34% of the variance in 〈SIE*〉 is linearly related to ENSO. The 〈SIE*〉 has even higher correlations with the tropical Pacific precipitation and SST in the tropical Indian Ocean. In addition, correlation of 〈SIE*〉 with global surface temperature produces four characteristic correlation patterns: 1) an ENSO-like pattern in the Tropics with strong correlations in the Indian Ocean and North America (r > 0.6); 2) a telecon...
Cytokine gene expression after inhalation of corn dust.

To characterize the time course and localize the production of proinflammatory cytokines after inhalation of corn dust, we exposed mice (C3H/HeBFeJ) by inhalation challenge to sterile corn dust ext...
Neuroendocrine neoplasia. Current concepts.

Feyrter, a German pathologist, developed the concept of the “diffuse neuroendocrine system” more than 60 years ago, in a thoughtful attempt to unify tumors in diverse topographic sites that had potential secretory activity and similar histologic attributes.1 Since then, his model has been refined and renamed by others, and a variety of diagnostic terms for “neuroendocrine” lesions has come into the clinical sphere. In fact, there is, perhaps, no other single facet of neuroendocrine neoplasia that is as confusing as the nomenclature that has been attached to it. This commentary shall attempt to provide a simplified and modern approach to such terminology, with direct clinical ramifications. In addition, it summarizes selected etiologic factors and current pathologic diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
1983 Recent references (cumulation)

Keywords, reactions, and references are indexed for all literature received by the National Nuclear Data Center during 1983. The publisher has assigned separate DOIs to each key section in this volume. They are: 1)1983 Recent references (cumulation) - DOI 10.1016/S0090-3752(83)80023-4; 2) Key numbers and keywords - DOI 10.1016/S0090-3752(83)80026-X; 3) Reaction Index - DOI 10.1016/S0090-3752(83)80027-1; 4) References - DOI 10.1016/S0090-3752(83)80028-3; 5) Secondary Sources - DOI 10.1016/S0090-3752(83)80029-5.
Representation of ‘Moroccan’ Women in Iñarritu's Babel

“Al tikrar biallem il hmar. By repetition even the donkey learns.” (Shaheen).This Arab proverb, which is used by Jack Shaheen in his book Reel Bad Arabs (2001), encloses how efficient repetition can be when it comes to learning. For more than a century, he argues, “Hollywood has used repetition as a teaching tool. Tutoring movie audiences by repeating over and over, in film after film, insidious images of the Arab people” (1). Arabs are portrayed as subhumans. A term that was used by the Nazis once to refer to Jewish people. It is indeed in repetition that the real danger lies. Amongst the roles discursiveness plays is to naturalize certain things, make them look normal and natural, until they become idee recue as well as common-sense. The very impact of Hollywood has been and is still its very capacity to shape people’s perceptions. To turn “War into peace, freedom into slavery and ignorance into strength” (2), as George Orwell once wrote in 1984. Babel, a movie directed by the famous Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu in 2006 is no exception. In it the same stereotypes about the Arabs are reproduced over and over again.
The Purposeful Availment Trap

“The Purposeful Availment Trap” represents a very careful and powerful synthesis of years of studies on the theme of personal jurisdiction. In the essay we demonstrate how the Supreme Court’s current struggles on the theme of personal jurisdiction are the result of the purposeful availment “trap” that the Supreme Court has itself created. By interpreting its own interpretations, the Supreme Court got lost in dogma and dicta that make its opinions hard to reconcile with the fundamental principles of due process as articulated in International Shoe. This essay also highly benefits from a dialogue between the civil law and common law world, that we both respectively represent.
The structure and specificity of the type III secretion system effector NleC suggest a DNA mimicry mechanism of substrate recognition.

Many pathogenic bacteria utilize the type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate effector proteins directly into host cells, facilitating colonization. In enterohemmorhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a subset of T3SS effectors is essential for suppression of the inflammatory response in hosts, including humans. Identified as a zinc protease that cleaves NF-κB transcription factors, NleC is one such effector. Here, we investigate NleC substrate specificity, showing that four residues around the cleavage site in the DNA-binding loop of the NF-κB subunit RelA strongly influence the cleavage rate. Class I NF-κB subunit p50 is cleaved at a reduced rate consistent with conservation of only three of these four residues. However, peptides containing 10 residues on each side of the scissile bond were not efficiently cleaved by NleC, indicating that elements distal from the cleavage site are also important for substrate recognition. We present the crystal structure of NleC and show that it mimics DNA structurally...
The Civic Effects of Schools: Theory and Empirics.

In concert with policy trends, theory and research on the ways in which school context affects student outcomes have focused almost exclusively on academic achievement in recent years. Given the fundamental role that schools should play in civic education, and the potential for schools to affect civic equality, more empirical and theoretical research is warranted to help predict and explain how schools affect civic outcomes. The author outlines the ways in which schools act as civic institutions and analyzes how theories of school effects might be applied to hypotheses regarding youth civic behavior and attitudes. The author provides two examples of mechanisms that provide unique pathways to civic learning in schools – student diversity and the existence of a micro-political environment – and discusses the consequences of the unequal distribution of civic opportunities in schools. She concludes with a discussion of the challenges for empirical research on the civic effects of schools.
Information Asymmetries and Their Challenge to International Broadcasting

Dramatic symmetries in strategies and techniques of persuasion create challenges to the functioning of established actors in the global media ecology, including international broadcasters. This essay articulates an adaptation of the concept of asymmetric warfare to the field of propaganda, persuasion and recruitment. It examines the particular challenge of certain asymmetric entrants, including ISIS and categorizes how the more traditional entities and government institutions react to these new entrants in markets for loyalties.
Analysis of detection of bacterial food poisoning in Baiyin from 2000 to 2009

Objective:City of Baiyin nearly 10 years of bacterial food poisoning pathogen bacterium,causes of food poisoning,to analyze the occurrence and characteristics,and better disease prevention and control work for the city to provide technical support.Methods: City of Baiyin between 2000-2009,bacterial food poisoning occurred in laboratory-confirmed test samples and results were analyzed retrospectively.Results: 2000-2009,26 cases of bacterial food poisoning,Staphylococcus aureus,accounting for 26.93%,accounting for 11.54% of Proteus mirabilis,Shigella dysenteriae accounted for 11.54%,7.69% Salmonella,Bacillus cereus 3.85%.Bacterial food poisoning occurred mainly in the first 2,3-quarter,accounting for 46.15% and 34.62%.Conclusion: The city of bacterial food poisoning,Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the highest,followed by a Proteus,Shigella,Salmonella,etc.bacterial food poisoning have occurred throughout the year,but summer and autumn is the season over;poisoning food is mainly meat.
Calculation of internal insulation ablation mass loss of solid rocket motor

Ablation and temperature field of a solid rocket motor were coupling calculated by the moving boundary show-difference method and the more perfect ablation model. Ablation rates, charring rates and thickness of ablation and charring were calculated. According to ablation time of the internal insulation, the internal insulation mass loss was calculated; the after-charring mass loss in the span after the motor work ended was also calculated. The method can be used to make the internal insulation design more reasonable , and it lays the foundations of after-thrust study .
Modern management of thoracic empyema.

OBJECTIVES Historically, surgical management of empyema was performed predominantly via open thoracotomy; however, during the past decade the use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) as an alternative has increased. This study retrospectively compared the outcomes and management of patients with empyema at the University of Kentucky Medical Center who had undergone VATS versus those receiving open thoracotomy to determine whether VATS decortication provided comparable results. METHODS Adult patients who had undergone open thoracotomy or VATS decortication for empyema between 2005 and 2009 at the University of Kentucky were identified by querying the hospital's cardiothoracic surgery database. Patients were sorted by procedure on an intent-to-treat basis. Comorbid conditions, preoperative course, operative outcomes, and postoperative outcomes were compared. Quantitative data were analyzed with either an unpaired t test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were identified, 18 of whom underwent VATS and 35 underwent open thoracotomy. Eight of the 18 VATS procedures (44.4%) were converted to open thoracotomy. Patients undergoing VATS had a significantly shorter median length of stay (11 vs 18 days, respectively; P = 0.044), chest tube duration (6 vs 12 days, respectively; P < 0.001), operative blood loss (55.6 vs 344 mL, respectively; P = 0.003), and fewer postoperative respiratory failures (0% vs 22.9%, respectively; P = 0.0451). The two groups did not differ significantly in overall morbidity, reoperation, mortality, or preoperative comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS In adults, VATS offers results comparable to those of open thoracotomy, and lengths of stay, chest tube durations, and postoperative outcomes are superior. Although the conversion rate of VATS to open thoracotomy at our institution was high (38.1%) compared with studies at other institutions, the data still indicate that VATS is both a safe and reliable alternative to open thoracotomy.
Modern Pathfinders: Creating Better Research Guides: by Jason Puckett, Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association, 2015.

Many libraries, especially academic libraries, spent countless hours creating pathfinders for our users to follow, whether researching a general topic or a specific subject for an assignment. These...
Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Clinical Presentation and Follow-Up in a Consecutive Series of Ten Patients.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is very rare in adults but can be fatal without treatment. Reports in adults are limited to case reports and very small case series. Clinically it is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, severe cytopenias, hepatic dysfunction, coagulopathy, as well as neurological involvement. This syndrome is associated with diverse processes including: infection, rheumatologic, and hematologic malignancies. Presently, the underlying cause of HLH is unknown. We present a cosecutive series of 10 adults with HLH diagnosed at our institution between 2004–2006. All diagnoses were confirmed by pathology. The median age was 59 years (range: 18–73 years), and a male: female ratio of 4:1. All patients uniformly presented with fever. Half of the patients presented with evidence of hepatomegaly or splenomegaly. The most predominant laboratory abnormalities included: leukopenia or thrombocytopenia (100%), and elevation of liver enzymes (50%). EBV IgG was positive in 8 of 10 patients. The underline illnesses associated with HLH were diverse. The underlying causes were as follows; acute leukemia (n=2), infection (n=2), rheumatologic (n=2), post transplant (n=2) sickle cell disease (n=2), unknown (n=2). Mortality rate was 60% with a median survival time since diagnosis of 58 days. One patient is still on maintenance cyclosporin after etoposide treatment. One patient is on steroid and cytoxan. One patient recovered just with supportive care. In conclusion, due to the high morality rate associated with HLH, early treatment with immunosuppressant is warranted and attempts to identify underlying cause.
Migrating GIS Big Data Computing from Hadoop to Spark: An Exemplary Study Using Twitter

Recent research has demonstrated that social media could provide valuable spatio-temporal data about users activities. However, information extraction and computation from big amount of data pose various challenges. To effectively process massive datasets, several platforms have been developed. Our previous study [20] explored Hadoop-based cloud computing for processing big amount of social media data [9] to study geographic distributions of social media users. In this paper, we investigate an emerging system named Spark and present a timely pilot experience on geospatial big data research. In our study, Spark has been utilized to perform some classic geospatial analyses like K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), geographic mean and median points, and the distribution of the median points. Our design is tested on an Amazon EC2 cluster. An exemplary study using 60GB, 120GB and 180GB Twitter data has demonstrated the performance achievements by migrating computing tasks from Hadoop to Spark. In our experiments, the Spark-based solution can be up to 2.3x faster than the Hadoop-based solution due to its in-memory processing and coarse-grained resource allocation strategy. In the paper, we also discuss optimization strategies on using Spark for different geospatial computing tasks.
An algorithm for fragile audio watermarking by bit modification

Audio sample bit modification for steganography and watermarking is a viable technique with a simple time domain procedure. While high bit index is needed for robustly carrying hidden data in the presence of noise and low level attacks, an indication of tampering or verification of authenticity of received audio can be ensured using a fragile watermark spread throughout the audio. In this paper, an audio watermarking procedure for hiding an imperceptible and fragile watermark using bit modification is presented. Altering or attacking the watermarked audio, simulated by adding Gaussian noise, showed that the watermark was lost at an SNR of no less than 100 dB for a noise-free speech from the TIMIT database or for a noisy audio from communication from an aircraft cockpit, even when the perceptual quality of the audio in both cases remained the same as the original audio.
Accounting for Contingent Litigation Liabilities: What You Disclose Can Be Used Against You

In order to analyze firm value, investment analysts require information on potential losses from contingent liabilities such as litigation damages. However, revelation of the firm’s private estimates of the probability of loss and possible legal damages can be detrimental to the firm by increasing the costs of settlement. That is, opposing counsel may utilize the firm’s financial disclosures about contingent litigation costs to drive settlement demands. Thus, firms choose to shirk their responsibilities to disclose material litigation liabilities in their financial disclosures. Financial disclosures thereby contain insufficient information about the monetary value of potential litigation damages even for large cases with material litigation risks. This outcome is harmful to investors and management alike. I propose an accounting regulatory disclosure model that uses publicly-available data to provide noisy, but useful estimates of class action securities litigation damages in fraud on the market cases that does not require full disclosure of sensitive private information about the firm’s internal assessment of litigation merits. However, a collective action constraint prevents firms from voluntarily utilizing this information-enhancing solution without regulation to coordinate accounting disclosure requirements. I show that accounting requirements could be revised to induce mutually beneficial information disclosures that would improve the information content in financial statements with regard to contingent litigation liabilities in fraud on the market suits.
Targeted Electroconvulsive Therapy for Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background Consultation psychiatrists may be asked by neurological services to identify treatment options for status epilepticus (SE), particularly electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The successful use of ECT in the treatment of refractory SE has been reported in numerous case studies but remains sparsely utilized despite its apparent efficacy. Methods We present a case of a patient who received ECT for SE, fifty-one days after extensive pharmacologic treatment failed. We then review theories of ECT anticonvulsant effects and suggest approaches to further study and treatment. Results A 51 year-old man developed epilepsia partialis continua refractory to anticonvulsant medications. ECT was implemented through coordination with multiple hospital services. Transient worsening of the epileptic focus, accompanied by a distinct change in seizure pattern, was captured on electroencephalography (EEG) after ECT. Cessation of the status and marked functional improvement eventually followed. Discussion Although multiple case reports detail ECT used in SE, its effectiveness is difficult to ascertain. A novel aspect of our case is individualized electrode placement to target the epileptic focus. ECT may reset the neurotransmitter balance, induce trophic changes, or alter cerebral blood flow and metabolism in ways that promote neuronal stabilization. Earlier use of ECT, optimal electrode placement, and the anticonvulsant mechanisms of effect all require further research. Conclusions ECT for the treatment of SE may be safely and effectively used when pharmacologic treatment fails. Consultation psychiatrists should be aware of the evidence supporting ECT in SE so that they may recommend its use and apply necessary modifications to the treatment protocol.
Breaking the traditional computer security research barriers

The security of networked computers must be dramatically improved. Other research disciplines may be useful in achieving this goal. Some topics being studied in computer security are being investigated in cryptography also. We overview some progress made in cryptography in these topics. We propose how increasing the use of cryptography in computer security can be helpful in designing more secure hardware and software for a future generation of computers.
The association between client type and condom use with steady and unsteady partners among persons seeking HIV testing and counseling services in Kenya.

Background: Approximately 70% of global HIV infections are located in sub-Saharan Africa, and the prevalence of HIV infection in Kenya remains high. Objectives : This study examined the association between client type (general population, commercial sex worker [CSW], or truck driver) and consistent condom use with steady and unsteady partners. Methods: Self-reported data included in the Kenyan Ministry of Health 2010-2011 National HIV Testing and Counseling Registry were used (n=11,567). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using logistic regression. Results: After adjustment, CSWs and truck drivers had decreased odds of consistent condom use with steady partners compared to the general population (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.41-0.67 and OR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.63; respectively). CSWs had 1.95 times the odds of consistent condom use (95% CI: 1.58-2.42) and truck drivers had 0.64 times the odds of consistent condom use with unsteady partners (95% CI: 0.45-0.91) compared to the general population. Conclusion : Although CSWs consistently use condoms with their unsteady partners, truck drivers do not consistently use condoms with any partners. Future HIV prevention efforts should target CSWs and truck drivers to increase consistent condom use with all partners. Such efforts may decrease the prevalence of HIV in Kenya. Keywords : Client type, condom use, HIV testing, Kenya
Interest-driven Coding Projects: (Abstract Only)

This lightning talk describes considerations for designing interest-driven coding projects. I provide examples of what an interest-driven coding class looks like and how projects are designed for a variety of experience levels and interests within a shared space. I discuss some of the research informing this approach, share examples of interest-driven projects, and provide suggestions for creating interest-driven coding projects and resources.
A phase II study of itraconazole in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

362Background: A subset of patients (pts) with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BRPC) are at risk for metastasis and lethal outcomes, yet many pts wish to defer or avoid androgen deprivation therapy in this setting. Itraconazole has previously demonstrated anti-tumor activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer independent of modulation of circulating androgen levels. We therefore evaluated itraconazole in a phase 2 study in BRPC as a potentially non-castrating treatment approach. Methods: Pts with BRPC and PSA doubling time (PSADT) ≤ 15 months, without metastases on conventional imaging (whole body bone scan + CT/MRI of the abdomen/pelvis), were enrolled in a single arm phase 2 study. Itraconazole was dosed at 300 mg PO BID until PSA progression by PCWG2 criteria, unacceptable toxicity, or pt withdrawal. The primary endpoint was the proportion of pts who achieved ≥ 50% decline from baseline in serum PSA after 12 weeks of protocol therapy. Secondary endpoints included change in PSADT, adverse ...
Solid-State NMR Structural Characterization of Self-Assembled Peptides with Selective 13 C and 15 N Isotopic Labels

For the structural characterization methods discussed here, information on molecular conformation and intermolecular organization within nanostructured peptide assemblies is discerned through analysis of solid-state NMR spectral features. This chapter reviews general NMR methodologies, requirements for sample preparation, and specific descriptions of key experiments. An attempt is made to explain choices of solid-state NMR experiments and interpretation of results in a way that is approachable to a nonspecialist. Measurements are designed to determine precise NMR peak positions and line widths, which are correlated with secondary structures, and probe nuclear spin-spin interactions that report on three-dimensional organization of atoms. The formulation of molecular structural models requires rationalization of data sets obtained from multiple NMR experiments on samples with carefully chosen 13C and 15N isotopic labels. The information content of solid-state NMR data has been illustrated mostly through the use of simulated data sets and references to recent structural work on amyloid fibril-forming peptides and designer self-assembling peptides.
Cholesterol Trafficking in CaCo-2 Cells

In CaCo-2 cells, the transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum occurs via transport vesicles, likely derived from specialized domains of the plasma membrane. Agents that inhibit p-glycoprotein activity interfere with the transport of plasma membrane cholesterol to the endoplasmic reticulum and the secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. The uptake of micellar cholesterol causes the “clustering” of plasma membrane cholesterol to specialized microdomains of the plasma membrane containing caveolin. It is likely that it is from these areas that plasma membrane cholesterol fluxes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Cholesterol derived from the plasma membrane is the major substrate for ACAT and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein cholesterol. The transport of newly-synthesized cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane is constitutive and independent of Golgi, microtubular function, new protein synthesis, or p-glycoprotein. CaCo-2 cells regulate the amount of newly-synthesized cholesterol arriving at the plasma membrane by altering the rate of cholesterol synthesis, not by altering the transport process. The pathways that transport cholesterol to and from the plasma membrane are distinct.
Pathology of Diffuse Lung Disease

The most important aspect of the pathologic evaluation of diffuse lung disease is correlation of the findings with the clinical and radiologic features. This is emphasized throughout the chapter and numerous examples are given. Clinical and radiologic correlation, particularly with HRCT, improves the overall clinical diagnostic accuracy, as well as helping to hone pathologic interpretation and differential diagnosis. Such correlation is important in all lung biopsy samples, including surgical lung biopsies and even transbronchial biopsies. While in general a surgical lung biopsy is more likely to give a diagnosis, there are a number of situations where transbronchial biopsies are useful and these are outlined. This chapter includes general comments on the finding of fibrosis, interstitial inflammation, acute lung injury, and granulomatous inflammation. The following entities are discussed: sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, interstitial lung disease associated with the collagen vascular diseases, vasculitic syndromes, alveolar hemorrhage syndromes, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, bronchiolitis, pneumoconiosis, and drug reactions.
Abstract TP431: Role of Aromatase in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Function in Female Mice

Women are at lower risk for stroke than age-matched men even after menopause when ovarian estrogen is lost and the major source of estrogen becomes local (extra-gonadal) synthesis by the enzyme aromatase. Aromatase gene deletion in ovariectomized female mice exacerbates ischemic brain damage after stroke. It is not clear however which cell type is responsible for this effect, since aromatase is expressed in multiple cell types in brain, including cerebrovascular endothelium. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial aromatase plays an important role in endothelium-dependent cerebrovascular function in females, which in part contributes to the sex difference in endothelial function in the cerebral microcirculation. Cerebrocortical microvascular responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh; 1-100 μM) were compared between male and female wild-type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice using an in-vivo closed cranial window preparation combined with laser Doppler perfusi...
A Comparison of Optimization Techniques for Energy Scheduling of Hybrid Power Generation System

Hybrid power generation system not only reduces our dependency on fossil fuel power generation stations but also helps us to meet the peak load demand. Renewable energy resources such as solar and wind in hybrid power generation system can play a vital role in reducing fuel cost and emission of conventional power generation system. In this paper, energy scheduling of hybrid power generation system is carried out by considering the fuel cost of thermal power generators and their emissions. Different optimization techniques, genetic algorithm, pattern search method, and interior point algorithm are used in this paper to optimally schedule the energy required from the thermal power generators to meet the load demand by taking into account the power from the renewable energy resources. These optimization techniques are compared in respect of fuel cost, emissions and computational time complexity. Interior point algorithm outperforms patter search method and genetic algorithm. It achieves more reduced fuel cost and emission as compared to pattern search method and genetic algorithm.
Use of smartphone technology in foster care to build relational competence: voices of caregivers and implications for prudent parenting

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, child welfare programs are encouraged to consider how technology can help meet the goals of child protection, permanency, and well-being. Qualitative inquiry was used in this ...
A unified criterion for void growth and coalescence under combined tension and shear

Abstract An analytical micromechanics-based yield criterion is developed to describe both void growth and coalescence under combined tension and shear, with smooth transition between growth and coalescence, thus its name unified. The model is obtained by limit analysis over a cylindrical elementary cell embedding a coaxial cylindrical void of finite height. The velocity field employed is an extended counterpart of the discontinuous, yet kinematically admissible trial field utilized in a recent work. Plasticity in the deformable matrix is modeled using rate-independent J 2 flow theory, and the effective dissipation function is calculated by exact as well as approximate integration techniques, the latter generating a simpler flow potential. The model is aimed to predict void growth as well as coalescence by internal necking or shearing. The complete yield surface, being function of normal as well as shear stresses, exhibits curved and planar parts signifying void coalescence. The transition between the curved and planar parts is cornerless. The analytical predictions are compared to results of FEM single-step cell-model calculations of limit analysis executed on an identical geometry exposed to quasi-periodic boundary conditions.
Adaptive Optimal Decision in Multi-Agent Random Switching Systems

Random switching models have been widely used in areas of communication, physics and aerospace, to capture the random movement patterns of mobile agents. In this letter, we study the optimal decision-making problem for multi-agent systems governed by random switching dynamics. In particular, we develop a novel online optimal control solution that integrates the reinforcement learning (RL) with an effective uncertainty sampling method, called multivariate probabilistic collocation method (MPCM), to adaptively find the optimal policies for agents of randomly switching mobility. We also develop a novel estimator that integrates the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and MPCM to provide online estimation solutions for these agents. Efficiency and accuracy of the proposed solutions are analyzed. A concrete communication and antenna control co-design problem for a multi-UAV network is studied in the end to illustrate and validate the results.
Responsible Behavior with Younger Children: Examining the Feasibility of a Classroom-Based Program to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse Perpetration by Adolescents

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a preventable public health problem typically addressed with either after-the-fact interventions or prevention programs focused on teaching children to protect themselves and report abuse. Such responses do little to prevent CSA victimization, leading to calls for prevention efforts targeting individuals most at risk of perpetrating CSA. These individuals include young adolescents, who are prone to making mistakes and bad decisions when it comes to their sexual behaviors. To begin to address this call to action, we developed Responsible Behavior with Younger Children (RBYC), a universal school-based prevention program to provide sixth and seventh grade students (and their parents and educators) with the knowledge, skills, and tools to prevent engaging younger children in sexual behaviors. School-based CSA prevention interventions are often met with feasibility and acceptability concerns including that (a) people at risk of offending are impervious to prevention efforts, (b) schools do not have the resources to take on additional programs, and (c) the content is too sensitive for educators, parents, and students. The goal of this article is to describe how the RBYC program was developed to address these concerns. We also summarize data on the feasibility of the RBYC program obtained from focus groups with educators, parents, and students during the development of the program and interviews with educators after a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Feedback received during program development and after the pilot RCT suggests that RBYC is relevant, salient, palatable, and feasible for implementation in middle schools.
People Downplay Health Risks to Fulfill Their Goals: A Motivational Framework for Guiding Behavioral Policy:

Risky behaviors represent serious threats to health and the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Despite known negative consequences, people continue to abuse alcohol and ...
Cartografia De La Voz En El Inicio Y Desarrollo De Teatros Universitarios En Chile 1941-1960

Cartography of the Voice in the Beginning and Development of University Theaters in Chile 1941–1960 edited by Luis Aros, is the first book on the history and development of Chilean spoken voice ped...
Management of Traumatic Spondylolisthesis: Cervical and Lumbar

Spondylolisthesis refers to the anterior translation of one vertebral body in relation to another. The Wiltse classification classifies spondylolisthesis based on etiology: dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative, pathological, and traumatic. Acute traumatic spondylolisthesis is rare. The most commonly recognized traumatic spondylolisthesis is that of the axis, also known as a hangman’s fracture. Traumatic slips within the subaxial cervical spine and the lumbar spine have also been described. The mechanism of injury, anatomy, magnitude of instability, and degree of the slip dictate and guide appropriate management.
Meiotic trans-Sensing and Silencing in Neurospora

Before any genetic exchange can take place between the chromosomes participating in meiosis, the molecules must first physically pair. The process of meiotic long-distance pairing must involve trans-sensing between chromosomal segments, but the relationship between these kinds of sensing and that of the trans-sensing that activates meiotic silencing is unknown. This chapter considers the trans-sensing that is involved in the early evaluation of every chromosomal DNA segment and the one involved in meiotic silencing as being the same. The trans-sensing between the genomes participating in meiosis occurs concomitantly with the coalignment of homologous chromosomes and requires extensive searching and satisfaction of stringent molecular homology criteria before recombination is allowed. Understanding meiotic silencing in Neurospora requires knowledge about the life cycle of N. crassa. The pairs of homologous chromosomes of N. crassa will first undergo premeiotic DNA replication, generating sister chromatids attached along their length by cohesin. The participating parental nuclei will then fuse at karyogamy, generating a diploid nucleus. In Neurospora, testing the involvement of genes in meiotic silencing is not straightforward. The diploid nature of the meiotic cell makes it difficult to identify recessive alleles in genes involved in the process. The ancient origins of meiotic silencing in all of its current manifestations are likely grounded in RNAi-mediated genome defense mechanisms. The study of meiotic trans-sensing and meiotic silencing is important not only from a mechanistic perspective but also from an evolutionary point of view.
Toward Humanlike Task-Based Dialogue Processing for Human Robot Interaction

Many human social exchanges and coordinated activities critically involve dialogue interactions. Hence, we need to develop natural humanlike dialogue processing mechanisms for future robots if they are to interact with humans in natural ways. In this article we discuss the challenges of designing such flexible dialogue-based robotic systems. We report results from data we collected in human interaction experiments in the context of a search task and show how we can use these results to build more flexible robotic architectures that are starting to address the challenges of task-based humanlike natural language dialogues on robots.
The Metabolism of (-)-Octanoylcarnitine in Perfused Livers from Fed and Fasted Rats EVIDENCE FOR A POSSIBLE REGULATORY ROLE OF CARNITINE ACYLTRANSFERASE IN THE CONTROL OF KETOGENESIS

Abstract In confirmation of previous findings it was shown that perfused livers from fasted rats converted oleic acid into ketone bodies far more efficiently than did livers from fed animals, whereas differences in rates of ketogenesis from octanoate were much less pronounced. However, relative rates of ketone body production from (-)-octanoylcarnitine resembled those seen with oleic acid rather than those obtained with free octanoic acid as substrate. In addition, (+)-octanoylcarnitine, an inhibitor of carnitine acyltransferase, was without effect on the oxidation of octanoic acid, but caused a profound and quantitatively similar depression in the oxidation of both oleic acid and (-)-octanoylcarnitine. The data support the concept that the carnitine acyltransferase system of liver is under strict dietary, or hormonal control, or both, and that it may constitute a primary site for the regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis.
Cigarette smoke disrupts the integrity of airway adherens junctions through the aberrant interaction of p120-catenin with the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1.

Adherens junctions (AJs) containing epithelial cadherin (E-cad) bound to p120-catenin (p120ctn) and β-catenin (β-ctn) play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell adhesion. Cigarette smoke abrogates cell–cell adhesion between epithelial cells by disrupting E-cad, a hallmark of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), yet the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We used an organotypic culture of primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells treated with smoke-concentrated medium (Smk) to establish an essential role for the interaction between p120ctn and the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 (MUC1-CT) in regulating E-cad disruption. Within the first 4 h of smoke exposure, apical MUC1-CT repositioned to the basolateral membrane of pseudo-stratified HBE cells, where it interacted with p120ctn. A time-dependent increase in MUC1-CT/p120ctn complexes occurred in conjunction with a time-dependent dissociation of p120ctn/E-cad/β-ctn complexes, as well as the coordinated degradation of p120ctn and E-cad. Interestingly, Smk induced a similar interaction between MUC1-CT and β-ctn, but this occurred 44 h after MUC1-CT’s initial interaction with p120ctn, and well after the AJs were destroyed. Blocking MUC1-CT’s interaction with p120ctn using a MUC1-CT dominant-negative peptide, PMIP, successfully abolished Smk’s disruptive effects on AJs and recovered apical-basolateral polarity of HBE cells. The MUC1-CT/p120ctn interaction was highly dependent on EGFR/Src/Jnk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrP) of MUC1-CT. Accordingly, EGFR, Src or Jnk inhibitors (AG1478, PP2, SP600125, respectively) abrogated Smk-induced MUC1-CT-TyrP, MUC1-CT/p120ctn interaction, AJ disruption, and loss of cellular polarity. Our work identified MUC1-CT and p120ctn as important regulators of epithelial polarity and cell-cell adhesion during a smoke-induced EMT-like process. Novel therapeutics designed to inhibit MUC1-CT/p120ctn complex formation may prevent EMT in the smoker’s airway.
Impact of monocytic cells on recovery of uncultivable bacteria from atherosclerotic lesions.

Objective Epidemiological evidence suggests that infections may contribute to atherogenesis. However, with the exception of Chlamydophila pneumoniae, cultivable bacteria have not been recovered from atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, we aimed at developing an approach to recover uncultivable bacteria from atherectomy tissues.
Becoming Who We Are: Temperament and Personality in Development

Definition and Historical Roots. The Structure of Temperament. The Biology of Temperament. Infancy. The Self and Structures of Meaning. Coping and Culture. Conscience and Competence. Stability and Change from Child to Adult. Problems and Interventions in Development. Temperament, Environment, and Psychopathology. Some Final Observations.
Superfluidity and superconductivity in electron gases

The moment of inertia of Fernaion gases is discussed In terms of the "rotating bucket" model of Schafroth. By application of Schafroth's "connection theorem," an aralysis of superfluid and superconducting electron gases was made. (C.J.G.)