cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Outcomes Comparison of Native Arteriovenous Fistulae, Polytetrafluorethylene Grafts, and Cryopreserved Vein Allografts

Background Despite almost 2 decades of experience with cadaveric vein, there remains a paucity of available data regarding the role of cadaveric vein in hemodialysis, specifically with regard to outcomes and patency. Observations from our own experience have suggested that cadaveric vein grafts (CVGs) provide good outcomes, particularly in patients with recurrent access failure. Accordingly, this study aims to comparatively examine patency, access-related outcomes, and survival in patients undergoing placement of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF), polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) grafts, and CVGs. Methods This is a single institution 11-year retrospective case series evaluating the outcomes of 210 patients who underwent creation of AVF, PTFE grafts, and CVGs for hemodialysis access. Patients in the AVF ( n = 70) and arteriovenous graft (AVG; n = 70) groups were matched to the CVG ( n = 70) group by age, gender, and access location. Postoperative end points for all groups included primary and assisted patency, cause of access abandonment, and survival. Results Patients were matched for age ( P = 0.8707), gender ( P = 0.6958), and access location and no significant differences existed between groups. AVF showed superior primary patency at 30 days, 1 year (64.3%, P P = 0.0091) in comparison to both AVG and CVG. AVG had reduced patency at 30 days (84.3%, P = 0.0009), 1 year (50.0%, P P = 0.0001) in comparison to AVF and CVG groups. Overall, AVF had the highest patency at all-time points followed, respectively by CVG and AVG. No significant difference existed between AVF and CVG groups with regard to secondary patency at 30 days (98.6% vs. 97.1%, P = 1.0000), 1 year (81.4% vs. 78.6%, P = 0.6749), and 2 years (68.6% vs. 51.4%, P = 0.0573). AVG patients had decreased survival (years) after access creation in comparison to AVF and CVG groups ( P = 0.0003). Conclusions Our findings lend further support to the use of cadaveric vein for hemodialysis access surgery. As demonstrated through this comparative study, CVGs are capable of providing favorable results with regard to patency, access longevity, and patient survival. These current outcomes indicate that cadaveric vein is a sustainable alternative to PTFE for hemodialysis access surgery and should be accordingly considered for difficult access patients.
Psychological and Psychoanalytical Approaches to Interpreting the Bible in Social-Scientific Context

This article explains the inadequacy of modern Western psychological and psychoanalytical approaches to interpreting people and their documents from any other culture modern or ancient. It then gui...
Six Ideas in Search of a Champion: What Policymakers Should Know about the Teaching and Learning of Literacy in Our Schools:

Being invited to participate in this policy forum is at once an honor, an opportunity, and a responsibility. The honor arises from the invitation itself and the thought, however fleeting, that I might have something to say on behalf of the academic contingent of the literacy education community. The opportunity emerges from the context in which the forum is constructed: By extending participation in this conversation to both researchers and policymakers, the editors of JLR have all but insured a serious response from other members of the policy community. The responsibility comes from the possibility that in contrast to most of the limited-audience writing we all do for one another someone who affects decisions about educational policy and practice might actually take these ideas seriously. I hope that this is but the first in a long tradition of such conversations. I was asked to share a handful of ideas crucial ideas that I would want policymakers to understand about the literacy needs of the nation, and the role that scholarship might play in informing our understanding of those needs as well as our capacity to meet them. I offer several interrelated observations for consideration. If there is a theme uniting them, it is that we should celebrate the good work that teachers are doing, then in the same breath acknowledge the vexing issues that still confront us, and finally, prepare ourselves to generate the material resources and intellectual muscle needed to address those issues. 1. Although we do have serious literacy needs, much of the current literacy crisis is manufactured. Both in public and professional arenas, it is commonplace to complain about America's literacy crisis. Usually the crisis is cited as the basis for fixing the blame on some educational policy, practice, or movement and championing an alternative policy, practice, or movement as the solution to our educational ills. I myself have cited literacy needs and poor student performance as a basis for seeking support for my own research and my institution's teacher education programs. Recently, however, I have run across some compelling arguments, accompanied by even more compelling data, to suggest that the literacy crisis, like most other educational crises (Berliner & Biddle, 1995), is manufactured to benefit particular interests often to support those with an ax to grind, a product to sell, or a partisan view to champion. It is simply not the case that this generation of students reads, writes, punctuates, or performs any other literacy task less well than previous generations. In the aggregate, exactly the opposite is
Considerations in the Analysis of Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry Data

A major component of a hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry experiment is the analysis of protein and peptide mass spectra to yield information about deuterium incorporation. The processing of data that are produced includes the identification of each peptic peptide to create a master table/array of peptide sequence, retention time and retention time range, mass range, and undeuterated mass. The amount of deuterium incorporated into each of the peptides in this array must then be determined. Various software platforms have been developed in order to perform this specific type of data analysis. We describe the fundamental parameters to be considered at each step along the way and how data processing, either by an individual or by software, must approach the analysis.
049 A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF THE IMPELLA MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT DEVICE

Introduction The Impella (Abiomed Europe GmbH) is a catheter mounted micro-axial flow pump, designed for mechanical circulatory support. The PROTECT II and ISAR-SHOCK trials demonstrated the benefit of the impella in Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CPCI) and Cardiogenic Shock (CS) respectively. We present data analysis of all Impella devices inserted at our centre. Methods We retrospectively collected outcome data on all patients with Impella insertion from 2008 to 2012. There were two main groups identified; elective device insertion for CPCI, and those requiring the device for emergency CS. In-hospital deaths and Major Adverse Cardiac Events ((MACE) which includes death, myocardial infarction, stroke and target vessel revascularisation) were retrospectively collected on consecutive patients at 30 days, 6 months and 1 year. Results A total of 22 Impella (21 were 2.5 l/min devices and 1 was a 5 l/min) devices were inserted. 12/22(55%) patients had a device inserted electively for CPCI and 10/22(45%) patients for emergency CS. Of those with CS, six were post acute myocardial infarction, two for post-operative cardiogenic shock and one patient had a device inserted for severe non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The overall total number of in-hospital deaths was 9/22 (41%). The CPCI group had 1/12 (8%) and the CS group had 8/10 (80%) in-hospital deaths. All patients in the CS group had died by 1 year. The MACE event for the CPCI group was 1/12 (8%) at 30 days, 4/12 (33%) at 6 months and 5/9 (56%) at 1 year. This included one death, two strokes, two myocardial infarctions and one target vessel revascularisation. Discussion This is one of the largest recorded UK single centre registry on impella use. The survival in CS patients is lower than those obtained by multiple centre registries. These data represent ‘real world’ use of the Impella device at our centre, compared to perhaps more selective use in larger multi centre registries. The mortality rate in the CPCI group was 8%, which is comparable with the 30-day mortality event rate of obtained via the multiple centre Europella registry. One year MACE was very high for both groups, and this is indicative of the adverse risk profile of this subgroup of patients. These outcomes are difficult to compare to previous studies where long-term follow up has not been reported.
A methodology for the evaluation of structural design software

Abstract A large number of commercial microcomputer-based structural design software programs have been introduced in recent years. Most of these programs have been developed for the design of a particular type of structure or a specific design methodology. This paper presents a two-step methodology for general evaluation of structural design software systems. The first step provides a quick means for the initial screening of the software packages. The second step employs benchmark criteria and tests for the purpose of final evaluation and rating of a selected number of packages. A tabular procedure is developed for summarizing and presenting the evaluation information. Without labelling any single package as the ‘best’, this methodology is intended to guide the potential user toward the selection of the most appropriate one.
Frequency spectra of normal breath sounds in childhood.

Clinicians who auscultate the chest of normal children note that the frequency content of their breath sounds appears to vary with age. Because these changes have not been systematically documented before, we recorded and analyzed inspiratory breath sounds in 35 children (0 to 13 years) and five adults (34 to 43 years). Our objective was to determine if the frequency content of normal breath sounds differed with age. Using a Fast Fourier Transform program, we calculated an average amplitude frequency spectrum from the inspiratory portion of the breath sounds of each subject (n = 10 breaths), and we compared the shape of the AFS and the values of selected frequency parameters. We found that the shape of the AFS of the youngest children differed most from the AFS of adults. Three of four selected frequency parameters (F25, F50, F95) differed significantly between children and adults (p
Economies of scale in federally-funded state-organized public health programs: results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Programs

This study investigates the existence of economies of scale in the provision of breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services by state National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) grantees. A translog cost function is estimated as a system with input factor share equations. The estimated cost function is then used to determine output levels for which average costs are decreasing (i.e., economies of scale exist). Data were collected from all state NBCCEDP programs and District of Columbia for program years 2006–2007, 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 (N = 147). Costs included all programmatic and in-kind contributions from federal and non-federal sources, allocated to breast and cervical cancer screening activities. Output was measured by women served, women screened and cancers detected, separately by breast and cervical services for each measure. Inputs included labor, rent and utilities, clinical services, and quasi-fixed factors (e.g., percent of women eligible for screening by the NBCCEDP). 144 out of 147 program-years demonstrated significant economies of scale for women served and women screened; 136 out of 145 program-years displayed significant economies of scale for cancers detected. The cost data were self-reported by the NBCCEDP State programs. Quasi-fixed inputs were allowed to affect costs but not economies of scale or the share equations. The main analysis accounted for clustering of observations within State programs, but it did not make full use of the panel data. The average cost of providing breast and cervical cancer screening services decreases as the number of women screened and served increases.
Teacher Professional Development through Children’s Project Work

Teachers working in early care and education programs are engaging in professional development activities, many times without a foundation in child development or early childhood education. It is difficult for teachers to apply what is presented in professional development experiences to their classroom. The use of children’s projects, the topic of many research studies and published manuscripts, can be used as a catalyst in teacher development. One such project, the development of an outdoor learning center at the Child Development Center of the University of Missouri-St. Louis has provided some of the teachers involved with opportunities to recognize the development of their own constructive practice. As they supported the children’s interest in the on-going outdoor project, teachers honed their skills in observation, documentation, curriculum development, and reflective practice.
Dynamic spectrum management: the technology harvesting the underutilized spectrum resource [Message from the Editor-in-Chief]

Dear Readers, I hope you have endured the hot summer weather. Well, this has given you more opportunity to read our magazine! Just because you stay inside the cooling zones, this may leave much more spectrum underutilized in some outdoor areas. If the idling licensed spectra can be opportunistically utilized by others, we could enrich people?s lives by using the unused spectrum resource for other good cause; for example, we might gather more data with better communications systems to resolve the recent oil spill problem in the Gulf!
Neuropeptide Y administration into the amygdala does not affect ethanol consumption

Evidence seems to indicate that the anxiolytic effects of centrally administered neuropeptide Y (NPY) are mediated by the central nucleus of the amygdala. Because findings seem to indicate that ethanol may be self-administered partially for its anxiolytic effects, it was hypothesized that NPY, microinjected into the central nucleus of the amygdala, would decrease ethanol intake. In this study, we examined the effects of NPY, administered into the central nucleus of the amygdala, on ethanol, sucrose, and food consumption, as well as the concomitant effects of NPY on cortical electroencephalographic activity. Wistar rats were implanted with cortical recording electrodes and cannulae above the central amygdaloid nuclei, after use of a sucrose-substitution procedure, to establish ethanol self-administration. Neuropeptide Y (0-250 pmol/0.5 micro l) was infused into the amygdala before drinking sessions, when 10% ethanol (10 E), 2% sucrose (2S), or food was available. Consumption, locomotor activity, and cortical electroencephalographic activity were then monitored concurrently. Neuropeptide Y had no effect on the intake of 10 E, 2S, or food, nor on the cortical electroencephalographic or locomotor activity. However, as reported previously, distinct changes in the electroencephalogram were associated with consumption of ethanol and sucrose. Cortical power in the 6-8 Hz frequency range was significantly increased during the beginning of the sucrose and ethanol sessions, with greater increases observed during the sucrose session. Overall, these findings support the suggestion that NPY administration into the central nucleus of the amygdala does not alter consumption of 10 E, 2S, or food, nor the cortical electroencephalographic or locomotor activity.
Iron Management in Multicrystalline Silicon through Predictive Simulation: Point Defects, Precipitates, and Structural Defect Interactions

In multicrystalline silicon for photovoltaic applications, high concentrations of iron are usually found, which deteriorate material performance. Due to the limited solubility of iron in silicon, only a small fraction of the total iron concentration is present as interstitial solute atoms while the vast majority is present as iron silicide precipates. The concentration of iron interstitials can be effectively reduced during phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG), but this strongly depends on the size and density of iron precipitates, which partly dissolve during high-temperature processing. The distribution of precipitated iron varies along the height of a mc-Si ingot and is not significantly reduced during standard PDG steps. However, the removal of both iron interstitials and precipitates can be enhanced by controlling their kinetics through carefully engineered time-temperature profiles, guided by simulations.
Proof that in an efficient market, event studies can provide no systematic guidance for revision of accounting standards and disclosure policy for the purpose of maximizing shareholder wealth*

. A systematic revision of accounting standards and disclosure policy on the basis of evidence obtained from event studies conducted in an efficient stock market is shown to be an ineffective means of maximizing shareholder wealth. Resume. Une reision systematique des normes de comptabilite et des conventions relatives a la presentation de l'information a partir de l'information recueillie a la suite d'etudes d'evenements menees dans un marche boursier efficient se revele inefficace lorsqu'il s'agit de maximiser la richesse des actionnaires.
Darkness in the Desert:Tradition and Transgression in Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī’s Ushb al-Layl

This paper examines themes of moral transgression in the 1997 novel Ushb al-Layl (Night Grass) by Libyan novelist Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī, particularly as viewed through the novel’s recurrent motif of darkness and blackness. As with all of Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī’s fiction, Ushb al-Layl is set in a traditional Tuareg society in the Sahara. In this case, the protagonist, out of scorn for the rest of his society, violates its customary law and moral codes—preferring darkness to light, committing murder and incest, and defying matrilineal traditions in favor of fathers—all in the name of a higher wisdom and a quest for immortality. Through this character’s monstrous behavior, I argue, Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī implicitly criticizes the tendency of modern ideas to overturn traditions in the name of enlightenment and progress, while leaving a dangerous moral vacuum in their wake.
Radar imaging using ultrawideband stochastic waveforms

ABSTRACT The University of Nebraska-Lincoln has developed an ultra-wideband random noise radar operating over the 1-2GHz frequency range. The system uses the technique of heterodyne correlation, and is thus phase-coherent. It hastherefore been used in applications such as interferometry, polarimetry, and Doppler estimation. Recently, the systemhas been used for SAR and ISAR imaging of targets and terrain. This work has brought to the forefront variousissues, such as the type of images obtained when utilizing a truly stochastic signal as a transmit waveform, and thetechniques employed to realize this image. The natural answer to the first question is that the image obtained isbased upon the expected value of the return signals, in the probabilistic sense of the word. This leads to answeringthe second question by determining what sort of estimators one would use to estimate this expected value. In thiswork, we will discuss the expected value of the image and its properties. We will then examine single look ISARimages collected in anechoic chamber experiments performed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.Keywords: random noise radar, stochastic, ultra-wideband, TSAR
Roots of real matrices

Abstract An algorithm for computing the roots of a matrix with real elements and the real part of the eigenvalues not zero will be described. The algorithm is based on the sign matrix given in an earlier paper and the projectors of the matrix.
The Cauchy identity for Sp (2 n )

is presented, using the insertion algorithm of Berele. A key element in the bijection is a new encoding of updown tableaux. We present this as a correspondence proving the following enumerative formula for the number of up-down tableaux of length k and shape p:
Heterogeneous intracellular free calcium responses to parathyroid hormone correlate with morphology and receptor distribution in osteogenic sarcoma cells.

The osteogenic sarcoma cell line UMR 106-01 exhibits heterogeneous morphology and hormone response in subconfluent monolayer cultures. In these studies we have explored the correlation between morphological profiles and patterns of cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]i response to PTH and other agonists in single UMR 106-01 cells loaded with the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent indicator, fura-2. Realtime recording of [Ca2+]i revealed that PTH (10(-7) M) produced a transient [Ca2+]i rise in 19% of the cells studied. [Ca2+]i transients were also induced by prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, and fetal bovine serum, but with different response frequencies (20%, 12%, and 58%, respectively). Spatial resolution of changes in [Ca2+]i by video image analysis revealed that the response to PTH was more frequent in large polygonal cells with long cytoplasmic processes and less common in smaller cells growing in clusters, whereas there was no clear subtype specificity for the effects of epidermal growth factor and fetal bovine serum on...
Issues and Problems in Music Education: A Report for the Educators National Conference:

Our organization has grown steadily in numbers over the years. It continues to grow. But numerical growth is not the most significant criterion of success for a professional organization; more significant is the contribution such an organization makes in the area of human development, knowledge, and welfare to which it is dedicated. Determining the magnitude and impact of an organization's progress in achieving such a contribution depends in large part upon its ability to be self-analytical, to constantly identify the problems it faces, to postulate and test solutions, to evaluate results, and then to repeat the same process looking for new problems, better solutions, more effective results.
Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Prevents the Early Decrease of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease and Subsequent DNA Fragmentation After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Background and Purpose—DNA damage and its repair mechanism are thought to be involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. We have previously shown that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE/Ref-1), a multifunctional protein in the DNA base excision repair pathway, rapidly decreased after transient focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) before the peak of DNA fragmentation. To further investigate the role of reactive oxygen species in APE/Ref-1 expression in vivo, we examined the expression of APE/Ref-1 and DNA damage after FCI in wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. Methods—Transgenic mice overexpressing copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and wild-type littermates were subjected to 60 minutes of transient FCI by intraluminal blockade of the middle cerebral artery. APE/Ref-1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. DNA damage was evaluated by gel electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated uridine 5′-...
Hillary Rodham Clinton as first lady: the people’s perspective

This article examines Hillary Rodham Clinton’s relationship with the public with the purpose of considering the first lady more generally as an overt policy adviser to the president. The first lady...
Physics of Brine Coning Beneath Skimming Wells

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the phenomenon of brine upconing beneath a discharge well partially penetrating an unconfined aquifer in which fresh water is underlain by saline water. In order to predict the maximum uncontaminated fresh water production for given aquifer conditions and well geometry, the potential distribution in the flow region must be known. However, since the partial differential equation describing the flow is nonlinear and so are the boundary conditions, it is not possible to arrive at an exact analytic solution to the problem. Therefore, a less rigorous but tractable approach is to solve this problem using simplifying and physically plausible assumptions. A comparative study is made of the approximate analytic solutions available at the present time and the validity of the assumptions used is evaluated. Factors affecting the stability of the brine cone beneath a skimming well and conditions leading to entrainment of salt water along with fresh water production are also discussed.
Comparison of MATLAB and GA optimization for three-dimensional pattern synthesis of circular arc arrays

A three-dimensional (3D) circular arc array synthesis model was developed using genetic algorithms (GA) and MATLAB optimization methods. A circular arc array consists of an array of N directional elements that are arranged in a circular sector or are in the x-y plane. Each element is pointed so that the peak of the element pattern is directed radially outward. In this work, 3D element factor data computed from either measurements or full-wave techniques is used. In this paper, we use our previous findings of 2D synthesis to develop a 3D circular arc array synthesis model to optimize far-field array patterns with the peak directivity and a specified peak sidelobe level. We compare the results and implementation of GA-based optimization with a constrained minimization function in the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The efficiency of each optimization method is compared using several array configurations.
Hospitalized children with chronic illness: Parental caregiving needs and valuing parental expertise

Abstract Parents who care for a child with a chronic illness are forced to relinquish much of the control of the child's care when the child is hospitalized. By using the family systems theory as the underlying framework, the amount of control that parents of children with chronic illness wanted over their hospitalized child's care, and the degree to which parents felt health care professionals valued their expertise, was examined in a national sample of 50 parent caregivers. Participation in information sharing and technical care were areas over which parents wanted the most control. Nurses and attending physicians were rated highest in valuing parental expertise. Content analysis of an open-ended question on parental control revealed that parents felt a higher quality care was given at home than in the hospital; nurses were too busy or understaffed to provide optimal care in the hospital; and the child's control of care and decision making should increase as the child grew older. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
The Role of Moral Worldviews in Predicting Sexual Behavior From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood

We examined the relationship between moral worldview and number of sexual partners across 6 years in a nationally representative sample of 2,202 emerging adults. Using negative binomial fixed-effec...
Hello, M.U.P.P.E.T.S.: using a 3D collaborative virtual environment to motivate fundamental object-oriented learning

With the advent of the objects-first approach for introductory programming, instructors are challenged to think differently regarding the projects and exercises they create for their classrooms. The objects-first approach reduces the emphasis on syntax and encourages the student to focus upon the proper construction and use of classes. This change in emphasis means that students must understand the relationships between classes within a code solution and how such relationships affect the overall design of a system. Unfortunately, such critical thinking exercises can prove challenging to the introductory student, especially if presented in an manner. In this paper, the authors examine how fundamental principles such as inheritance, composition, and association can be conveyed to introductory programming students within a collaborative virtual environment. The examples chosen follow established guidelines for objects-first examples while leveraging features of an engaging, three-dimensional interactive environment.
"What's the Footballer Doing Here?" Racialized Performativity, Reflexivity, and Identity

In this article I argue for the importance of ethnography and the efficacy of reflexive autobiography within sociological work in understanding the complexities of racial identity formation. I offe...
Local bending containment in sandwich panels with sub-surface core damage

Thesis [M.S.] - Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
A multidimensional assessment of parent-identified behavior problem toddlers.

Sixty-eight 2-and 3-year-olds (46 parent-referred, 22 controls) participating in an identification, assessment, and follow-up study of hyperactivity and related behavior problems were evaluated on parent-report, observational, and cognitive measures. Referred youngsters were described by both parents as more active, inattentive, difficult to discipline, and aggressive with peers than were controls. Mothers of referred children also reported a more difficult infancy period. Laboratory assessments confirmed parental reports of current problems. Referred children shifted activities more during free play, were more active and inattentive during structured tasks, and made more impulsive responses on a delay task than did controls. Discriminant function analysis indicated that parental ratings of activity paired with laboratory measures of sustained attention and impulsivity correctly classified 88% of the sample. These data suggest that the core symptoms of hyperactivity can be identified in very young children, although their prognostic significance remains to be determined.
Attenuation of cardiac contractility in Na,K-ATPase α1 isoform-deficient hearts under reduced calcium conditions

Abstract We have previously reported that genetic reduction of the Na,K-ATPase α1 isoform (α1+/–) results in a hypocontractile cardiac phenotype. This observation was surprising and unexpected. In order to determine if calcium overload contributes to the depressed phenotype, cardiac performance was examined by perfusing the hearts with buffer containing 2 or 1.5 mM calcium. At 2 mM calcium, +dP/dt for the α1+/– hearts (1374 ± 180) was significantly less than that of wild-type (2656 ± 75, P
Exploring a Conceptual Framework for Expert Noticing During Literacy Instruction

This study analyzed and compared the characteristics of expert and less expert teachers' noticing ability during observation of literacy instruction, and builds a conceptual framework for expert noticing during such teaching. Expert participants (n = 7) were defined as university faculty in reading with intensive and long-term experience in clinical settings. Less expert participants were students in a university graduate program in reading (n = 22) with at least three years of classroom teaching experience. Data sources were participants' transcribed audio-recorded observations made while observing literacy lessons. Analysis involved open coding processes including line-by-line coding of transcripts, identification of emerging themes, and summarization of the noticing content of each transcript. Researchers identified pivotal events within each literacy lesson and examined transcripts for observer comments matched to these events. The study confirmed applicability of research on expert noticing in other ...
Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Disease

Much attention has been directed toward lifestyle modifications as effective means of reducing cardiovascular disease risk. In particular, physical activity has been heavily studied because of its well-known effects on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular disease risk, and all-cause mortality. However, data regarding the effects of exercise on various stages of the atherosclerosis pathway remain conflicting. The investigators review previously published reports for recent observational and interventional trials investigating the effects of physical activity on markers of (or causal factors for) atherosclerotic burden and vascular disease, including serum lipoproteins, systemic inflammation, thrombosis, coronary artery calcium, and carotid intima-media thickness. In conclusion, the data show a correlation between physical activity and triglyceride reduction, apolipoprotein B reduction, high-density lipoprotein increase, change in low-density lipoprotein particle size, increase in tissue plasminogen activator activity, and decrease in coronary artery calcium. Further research is needed to elucidate the effect of physical activity on inflammatory markers and intima-media thickness.
Treatment of Catatonia With Methylphenidate in an Elderly Patient With Depression

Background Catatonia is especially common among patients with mood disorders. Objective The authors evaluated the effects of methylphenidate as an augmentation strategy in an elderly patient with catatonia and depression. Method Methylphenidate was administered to a catatonic patient who had not responded to lorazepam. Results The patient showed an acute and marked response to methylphenidate. Discussion Methylphenidate may be effective as an adjunct in elderly depression patients with catatonia, as well as in medically ill, apathetic patients. However, there have been few attempts to study the role of psychostimulants in alleviating catatonia in general, or catatonia associated specifically with an underlying depressive disorder, even though catatonia is frequently associated with mood disorders.
The management and control of information in high-technology firms

Abstract High-technology firms face complex, oftentimes competing demands, in their information processing needs. On the one hand, effective information processing mandates that information be widely available and shared. On the other hand, such wide dissemination can jeopardize the firm's ability to retain proprietary ownership over important information which forms the basis of its competitive advantage. This research addresses factors which influence a firm's ability to effectively disseminate and utilize information, avoiding the seepage of crucial proprietary information and knowledge. Based on a case-based, grounded-theory method, illustrative propositions are developed for the impact of competitive issues, organizational characteristics and activities, and partnering relationships with other firms on the firm's ability to manage and control information.
Strategies for improving the performance of high‐strength concrete columns under fire hazard

High-strength concrete (HSC) is finding increasing application in buildings, where structural fire safety is one of the primary design considerations. Generally, HSC does not exhibit the same level of performance as that of normal strength concrete (NSC) in fire due to further degradation of strength and the occurrence of fire-induced spalling. This paper discusses the performance of HSC under fire hazard. A comparison is made of the fire resistance performance of a HSC column with that of a NSC column. The critical factors that influence the structural behaviour of HSC columns under fire conditions are discussed. Data from experimental and numerical studies are used to illustrate the influence of fire, material and structural parameters on the fire performance of HSC columns. Finally, practical strategies are presented for mitigating spalling and enhancing fire endurance of HSC columns. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A theoretical study of the structures and inversion barriers of CF3− and SiF3−

Abstract The structures and inversion barriers of CF3− and SiF3− have been calculated using ab initio SCF theory with several different basis sets and limited CI. The highest occupied molecular orbital of planar SiF3− is shown to have a1′ symmetry, rather than the normally expected a2″ symmetry. The best estimates of the inversion barriers are 119 kcal mol−1 (CF3−) and 82 kcal mol −1 (SiF3−).
Formal linking in Internally Headed Relatives

This paper aims to clarify and resolve issues surrounding the so-called formal linking problem in interpreting the Internally Headed Relative Clause construction in Korean and Japanese, a problem that has been identified in recent E-type pronominal treatments of the construction (e.g., Hoshi, K. (1995). Structural and interpretive aspects of head-internal and head-external relative clauses. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester; Shimoyama, J. (2001). Wh-constructions in Japanese. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts at Amherst). In the literature, this problem refers to the difficulty of capturing the delimited semantic variability of the E-type pronoun present in the embedding clause of the construction. I show that the E-type pronoun at issue is subject to a different licensing condition from a typical E-type pronoun and therefore presents a different linking problem. More specifically, it requires that the embedded clause describe a state of its antecedent and its descriptive content be supplied by a salient property represented in the logical form of the embedded clause. I propose an event-based semantic analysis that derives the effects of this novel generalization by establishing a binding relation between the event structure of the embedded clause and the denotation of the E-type pronoun.
P-134: A Method of Increasing the Color Depth of LCDs to a Nearly Continuous Range

In this paper we describe a new, higher performance, lower cost method of increasing the color depth of LCD panels, provided that the intensity of the panel backlight is controllable. Both CCFL and LED backlights fall in this category. The method improves on prior techniques by synchronizing the timing of conventional temporal dithering with the stepwise, linear or nonlinear modulation of a color and/or intensity controllable backlight.
Investigation of reported anomalies in the electrotransport of interstitial solutes in titanium and iron

The electric mobilities, effective valences, and diffusivities of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in β-titanium were measured in the temperature range of 1335 to 1575°C. The effective valence, Z*, of carbon was determined to be positive and nitrogen and oxygen to be negative, thus confirming a previously reported anomaly in the electrotransport behavior of carbon in titanium. A similar anomaly in the effective charge of nitrogen in γ iron was also investigated. The previously reported negativeZ* value was not supported by the results of this investigation. PositiveZ* values were obtained for nitrogen in both α and γ iron in agreement with those for carbon in these two phases. An analytical method of solving for the various transport parameters was used in this investigation. A mathematical proof of the method and the treatment of errors is described in the paper.
Emil Lorch: Pure Design and American Architectural Education

Abstract Emil Lorch was a leading American architectural educator of the early twentieth century. Active in many national organizations, he also chaired the Department of Architecture at the University of Michigan from 1906 to 1937 and was a founding member of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. Lorch championed new methods in architectural education — specifically, the Theory of Pure Design. With its emphasis on abstracted exercises rather than drilling in the historical styles, Lorch believed it would free students to develop a truly modern American architecture. This article traces Lorch's advocacy of Pure Design in his early career.
Molly and Mahler

A symphony of Gustav Mahler becomes a cathartic experience following the death of a beloved goat.
CONSUMERS AS PARTICIPANTS IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

Legal requirements for public participation in transportation planning increase the opportunity for transportation consumers to influence the design of systems they will use. However, the implementation of these requirements may also increase the possibility that system design will be dominated by the opinions of outspoken groups. This study postulates that public participation is biased, and seeks to test this proposition using data from an Oregon survey consisting of approximately 2,400 respondents. Using Automatic Interaction Detector and cross tabulation analyses, different participation rates were uncovered for groups identified by demographic, attitudinal and behavioral variables.
Atomic-level elastic properties of interfaces and their relation to continua

Abstract The relationship between atomic structure and elastic properties of grain boundaries is investigated from both discrete and continuum points of view. The complete fourth-order tensors of both the atomic-level and the effective elastic moduli are defined for the discrete system, where the latter corresponds to sub-blocks from an infinite bicrystal and are calculated here for a relatively few atomic layers above and below the grain boundary. Then, a heterogeneous continuum model of the boundary is introduced where distinct phases are associated with individual atoms and possess their atomic-level moduli. Only estimates (upper and lower bounds) of the effective moduli can be determined for the continuum model. Comparison between the atomistic results and those for the continuum model establishes the validity of this definition of elastic properties for heterogenous structures at atomic scales. Furthermore, these comparisons as well as algebraic properties of the fourth-order tensor of moduli lead to criteria to assess the stability of a given grain boundary structure.
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of dominant cone degeneration

Abstract Purpose: To report the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in autosomal dominant cone degeneration. Methods: The autopsy eyes of a 75-year-old man with autosomal dominant cone degeneration were studied with both light and electron microscopy. In addition, immunofluorescent studies using antibodies to cone opsins and cone alpha transducin were performed. Results: Histopathologic examination of the fovea disclosed loss of photoreceptors and attenuated retinal pigment epithelium. Reduced numbers of cones could be seen in the parafovea, and only occasional cones were visible in the periphery; rods were preserved in the periphery. Conclusion: The histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in this case of dominantly inherited cone degeneration correlate well with the loss of cone function and preservation of normal or nearly normal rod function upon clinical examination. This condition affects red, green, and blue cones.
Additional Evidence of an Upper Tropospheric Zonal/Eddy Relationship during Winter.

Abstract A zonal wind oscillation with a period of about 15–35 days is isolated over the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during winter. A systematic relationship between the zonal winds and wind departures from zonal symmetry (eddies) is found for nine prominent zonal wind oscillation cycles taken from six 120-day winters. This zonal/eddy relationship consists of an oscillation between anomalous zonal flow and anomalous meridional flow, which is strongest across North America from 150°W to 0°.
Congenital Pituitary Gland Abnormalities—A Possible Association With Maternal Hyperglycemia: Two Case Reports

Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) occurs in 1 in 100 000 live births.1 Genetic factors, hypoperfusion, and environmental changes in utero may play causative roles.2 Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) in relation to other congenital central nervous system abnormalities such as neural tube defects (NTDs) and hydrocephalus have been described, but an association between hyperglycemia in utero and pituitary formation has, to our knowledge, not been reported.3 We present 2 infants with CH, both born to mothers with hyperglycemia in early pregnancy. Both infants' pituitary glands are structurally identical; each has a hypoplastic anterior pituitary, an ectopic posterior pituitary located at the base of the third ventricle, and an absent pituitary stalk.
Efficient link-heterogeneous multicast for wireless mesh networks

A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a type of communication network made up of wireless devices and organized in a mesh topology. Multicast is a fundamental service in WMNs because it efficiently distributes data among a group of nodes. Multicast algorithms in WMNs are designed to maximize system throughput and minimize delay in order to satisfy the end users' requirement. Previous work has unrealistically assumed that the underlying WMN is link-homogeneous. We consider one important form of link heterogeneity: different link loss ratios, or equivalently different ETX. Different from other work addressing multicast in wireless networks, we point out that the local broadcast quality relies on the worst involved link. We model different link loss ratios by defining a new graph theory problem, Heterogeneous Weighted Steiner Connected Dominating Set (HW-SCDS), on an edge-weighted directed graph, where the edge weights model ETX, the reciprocal of link loss ratios. We minimize the number of transmissions in a multicast by computing a minimum HW-SCDS in the edge-weighted graph. We prove that HW-SCDS is NP-hard and devise a greedy algorithm for it. To improve the effectiveness of our algorithm, we design a dedicated channel assignment algorithm. Simulations show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the current best WMN multicast algorithm by both increasing throughput and reducing delay.
Updating signal subspaces

We develop an algorithm for adaptively estimating the noise subspace of a data matrix as is required in signal processing applications employing the ''signal subspace'' approach. The noise subspace is estimated using a rank-revealing QR factorization instead of the more expensive singular value or eigenvalue decompositions. Using incremental condition estimation to monitor the smallest singular values of triangular matrices we can update the rank-revealing triangular factorization inexpensively when new rows are added and old rows are deleted. Experiments demonstrate that the new approach usually requires 0(n2) work to update an n x n matrix and accurately tracks the noise subspace.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The DNA field experiment: a randomized trial of the cost-effectiveness of using DNA to solve property crimes

We report the results of a prospective, randomized study of the impact and cost-effectiveness of DNA evidence in investigating property crimes, mainly residential burglary. Biological evidence was collected at up to 500 crime scenes in five U.S. cities between 2005 and 2007, and cases were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups in equal numbers. DNA processing was added to traditional investigation in the treatment group. A suspect was identified in 31% of treatment cases and 13% of control cases. A suspect was arrested in 22% of treatment cases and 10% of control cases. Across the five sites, each additional arrest—an arrest that would not have occurred without DNA processing—cost slightly more than US$14,000. In the most cost-effective sites, an additional arrest cost less than US$4,000. Expanding the use of DNA as an investigative tool has profound implications. Since DNA-led investigations are more costly than business-as-usual, substantial investments will be required to expand the capacity of crime laboratories, police, and prosecutors to use this investigative tool efficiently. In time, such a change may also impact the types of crimes of cases processed in the criminal justice system.