cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptor proteins in protein kinase C-mediated signal transduction

Spatial and temporal organization of signal transduction is essential in determining the speed and precision by which signaling events occur. Adaptor proteins are key to organizing signaling enzymes near their select substrates and away from others in order to optimize precision and speed of response. Here, we describe the role of adaptor proteins in determining the specific function of individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. These isozyme-selective proteins were called collectively RACKs (receptors for activated C-kinase). The role of RACKs in PKC-mediated signaling was determined using isozyme-specific inhibitors and activators of the binding of each isozyme to its respective RACK. In addition to anchoring activated PKC isozymes, RACKs anchor other signaling enzymes. RACK1, the anchoring protein for activated βIIPKC, binds for example, Src tyrosine kinase, integrin, and phosphodiesterase. RACK2, the ePKC-specific RACK, is a coated-vesicle protein and thus is involved in vesicular release and cell–cell communication. Therefore, RACKs are not only adaptors for PKC, but also serve as adaptor proteins for several other signaling enzymes. Because at least some of the proteins that bind to RACKs, including PKC itself, regulate cell growth, modulating their interactions with RACKs may help elucidate signaling pathways leading to carcinogenesis and could result in the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Can Deep Groundwater Influx be Detected from the Geochemistry of Thermokarst Lakes in Arctic Alaska

In the continuous permafrost zone, unfrozen ground may exist beneath large lakes and streams. Sub-lake taliks that extend through permafrost provide a potential conduit for subpermafrost groundwater to reach the surface, increasing dissolved ion concentrations in lake water. Twenty-eight lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska were sampled in 2013–14 to determine whether a difference in ionic concentration could be detected between lakes with and without through taliks. A thermal model originally developed by J. Ross Mackay indicated that 20 of the lakes may have a talik that penetrates the permafrost. Lake water samples were analysed for a variety of ions and geochemical properties. Generally, there was little interannual variation in ion concentration, pH and specific conductivity of lake water. Proximal lakes tended to have similar chemical signatures, but there were large variations across the study region. Local factors appeared largely to control lake water chemistry. Lakes with suspected through taliks did not demonstrate a hydrochemical signature distinct from nearby lakes lacking a through talik. This suggests that either: (1) there is no hydrological connection with subpermafrost groundwater due to aquicludes in the subsurface; (2) the flux of groundwater is too small to have a measurable impact on lake water chemistry; or (3) the steady-state condition for talik configuration assumed in the thermal model is not justified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choosing filtering frequency of warship shock response data

The filtering frequency of shock response is difficult to study due to its obvious features of transient and non-linearity in course of shock response of a warship.So far,there is no standard or uniform method of choosing filtering frequency for anti-shock study.The specific analysis method and criterion were provided here by taking impulse information variation of shock response as the basis of choosing filtering frequency.The shock response filtering frequencies of a shipbuilding structure and an equipment were analyzed with the proposed method.The results showed that the shock response filtering frequencies are same for the same part of the shipbuilding structure with different balst distances,but they are different for the same part of the ship equipment with different explosion distances.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in evaluating follicular and endometrial development throughout the normal cycle.

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate and compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (U/S) in monitoring follicular and endometrial development during the normal menstrual cycle. Results of MRI, U/S, estradiol (E2), and progesterone were obtained from five ovulatory volunteers on days 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the cycle. On U/S, all the women had only one dominant follicle, whereas MRI was able to detect a secondary cohort of follicles in three of five volunteers. Endometrial development on U/S and MRI showed similar patterns of growth with an increase on MRI from 5.8 ± 1.1 mm on day 4 to a mean peak of 10.3 ± 1.7 mm on day 24. A distinct feature of MRI was the demonstration of a junctional zone (JZ), which has a pattern of growth that resembles that of the endometrium, with accelerated growth from day 8 to day 16 (5.1 ± .7 mm to 6.7 ± .7 mm). The JZ corresponds anatomically to the distribution of the arcuate vessels and may therefore represent changes in blood supply to the endometrium. MRI, similar to U/S, is noninvasive and does not involve any radiation exposure but provides new information on uterine changes in the normal cycle. At present, its clinical applications are limited.
Beyond likes and tweets

Online consumer engagement behavior (CEB) affects future economic performance.CEB on Facebook and YouTube positively correlate with movie box-office revenue.Social media-based CEB is critical to improve economic performance of movie firms. This study examines the effects of social media, from the perspective of consumer engagement behavior (CEB), to investigate how CEB is associated with economic performance. Based on social media activities surrounding US movies, we used ordinary least square (OLS) regression models and found that CEB on Facebook and YouTube positively correlate with box-office gross revenue; however, the same effect was not observed on Twitter. This study proposed and tested a set of metrics for CEB on social media, and also provided empirical support for associating CEB with economic performance. The results underscore the importance of investing in social media communication across multiple channels.
On the Vulnerability of Digital Fingerprinting Systems to Finite Alphabet Collusion Attacks.

This paper proposes a novel, non-linear collusion attack on digital fingerprinting systems. The attack is proposed for fingerprinting systems with finite alphabet but can be extended to continuous alphabet. We analyze the error probability of the attack for some classes of proposed random and deterministic schemes and obtain a bound on the number of colluders necessary to correctly estimate the host signal. That is, it requires fewer number of colluders to defeat the fingerprinting scheme. Our simulation results show that our attack is more powerful in practice than predicted by the theoretical bound.
Change over time in attitudes about abortion laws relative to recent restrictions in Texas

Abstract Objective Over the past 5 years, Texas has become a hotbed of debate on abortion rights and restrictions. Legislation in 2011 and 2013 made it more difficult for women to obtain abortions and for clinics to provide the procedure, laws which have resulted in practical obstacles and the closure of clinics. Less is known about whether that political activity has extended to public opinion on abortion in Texas, especially in the national context of increasing partisanship. Study design Data from the cross-sectional Houston Area Survey (HAS; n = 4856) were used to compare attitudes about abortion at three time points: in 2010 before the major waves of legislation, in 2012 after the 2011 legislation, and in 2014 after the 2013 legislation. Logistic regressions estimated support for legal abortion over time, after adjusting for personal characteristics, views on other social issues, religiosity, political party identification and political ideology. Results At all three time points studied, slightly more than half of Houstonians supported legal abortion for any reason a woman wanted to obtain one. Compared to 2010, support was significantly higher in 2012 and 2014, whereas the decline in support between 2012 and 2014 was not statistically significant after adjusting for religiosity and politics. Conclusions This study identified increased public support for legal abortion following the Texas state legislature's restrictive laws in 2011 and 2013. Implications As the Texas legislature increasingly restricts access to abortion, residents of the state's largest and most diverse city do not hold attitudes in line with those restrictions. Clinicians may thus have more public support for their services than the divided political climate would suggest.
Structural characterization of two benzene-1,2-di-amine complexes of zinc chloride: a mol-ecular compound and a co-crystal salt.

The structures of two zinc complexes containing bidentate benzene-1,2-di­amine ligands are reported. (Benzene-1,2-di­amine-κ2N,N′)di­chloro­idozinc, [ZnCl2(C6H8N2)], (I), displays a distorted tetra­hedral coordination sphere for the metal cation. The di­amine ligand and the Zn atom reside on a crystallographic mirror plane. In the 1:1 co-crystal salt trans-di­aqua­bis­(4,5-di­methyl­benzene-1,2-di­amine-κ2N,N′)zinc chloride–4,5-di­methyl­benzene-1,2-di­amine (1/1), [Zn(C8H12N2)2(H2O)2]Cl2·2C8H12N2, (II), the zinc(II) complex cation exhibits a tetra­gonally distorted octa­hedral coordination sphere. The Zn atom sits on a crystallographically imposed inversion center and the di­amine ligands are tilted 30.63 (6)° with respect to the ZnN4 plane. Both complexes exhibit extensive hydrogen bonding. In (I), a stacked-sheet extended structure parallel to (101) is observed. In (II), the co-crystallized di­amine is hydrogen-bonded to the complex cation via O—H⋯N and N—H⋯N linkages. These units are in turn linked into planes along (200) by O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
Curricular Approaches in Research Ethics Education: Reflecting on More and Less Effective Practices in Instructional Content.

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, the effectiveness of ethics education programs has increased with regard to trainee outcomes, such as knowledge, awareness, and ethical decision making. However, despite the overall improvement in training effectiveness, considerable variability still exists across programs. One potential source of variability arises from the substantial range in instructional training content utilized across ethics training courses. The goal of the present effort was to clarify which approaches in ethics education result in positive training outcomes through the identification of instructional content themes. Through a qualitative review of ethics training courses, we identified key themes in instructional content curriculum associated with effective courses: domain-general, domain-specific, standard compliance, professionalism, and process-based. In addition, we identified key themes associated with less effective courses: mixed-specificity, narrow coverage, and idealized ethics. Descriptio...
Spinal cord direct current stimulation differentially modulates neuronal activity in the dorsal and ventral spinal cord

Spinal cord direct current stimulation (sDCS) modulates spinal functions and shows potential for neural rehabilitation after motor systems injury. Using a multichannel electrode array, we found tha...
Engaging Identities and Cultures in a Globalized, Postcolonial India: Implications for Decolonizing Curriculum and Pedagogy

This essay draws on postcolonial and globalization theories, educational research and scholarship in both the U.S. and India, and Akash Kapur’s, India Becoming: A Portrait of Life in Modern India as an illustrative study in order to discuss identities, cultures, and education in “economically liberalized,” globalized, postcolonial India, with particular reference to urban contexts. The effects of privatization, corporatization, and discourses of efficiency and accountability are evident in the educational contexts of both countries India and the U.S. Educators and scholars confront the challenges of resisting recolonization in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, research, and discourse.
Pulmonary Changes in Myeloma Patients Following High Dose Melphalan.

Background: Eligibility for high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue often includes adequate pulmonary function. While high dose melphalan has been noted to cause significant pulmonary toxicity in a small percentage of patients with adequate pulmonary function, there are little published data on risk factors and use in lung impaired patients. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 50 patients with myeloma who received a fixed dose of melphalan (200 mg/m 2 ) and who had pre-melphalan and at least one post-melphalan spirometry (FVC and FEV1) and diffusing capacity (DLco) measurement. Comparisons were made with Pearson correlations and one-way ANOVA. Patients receiving melphalan showed no significant differences in mean FVC (p=0.40), FEV1 (p=0.48) or hemoglobin corrected DLco (p=0.40) comparing baseline to 3-month and 1-year results with 1-way ANOVA. There was a consistent increase in mean FVC(L), FEV1(L) and DLco (ml CO/min/mmHg) from pre to 3 months post (3m) and to one-year post (1y): FVC: pre=3.89, 3m= 4.02, 1y=4.24; FEV1: pre=2.92, 3m=2.95, 1y=3.14; DLco: pre=24.3, 3m=25.1, 1y=26.5. However, individual changes in DLco showed a wide distribution. Therefore, we examined a number of potential risk factors for change in DLco at 3 months. No detrimental effects were discernable for age, gender, history of prior pulmonary disease including smoking, pre-melphalan lung function, the use of high dose cyclophosphamide in the mobilization regimen, amount of prior chemotherapy or chest radiation, disease stage or response, or renal function. CD34+ cell dose (p=0.017, r = −0.344) and immunoglobulin type (IgA worse than IgG) (p=0.029, r = 0.316) were correlated and were independent factors on regression analysis (p 2 =0.36). We conclude that on average, high dose melphalan produces little pulmonary toxicity and may be considered for selected patients with impaired baseline pulmonary function. It may be of value to avoid higher CD34+ cell doses in patients with a low pre-melphalan DLco. More work should be directed at identifying the factors that contribute to pulmonary function compromise following high dose regimens.
Do the psychological effects of vagus nerve stimulation partially mediate vagal pain modulation

There is preclinical and clinical evidence that vagus nerve stimulation modulates both pain and mood state. Mechanistic studies show brainstem circuitry involved in pain modulation by vagus nerve stimulation, but little is known about possible indirect descending effects of altered mood state on pain perception. This possibility is important, since previous studies have shown that mood state affects pain, particularly the affective dimension (pain unpleasantness). To date, human studies investigating the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on pain perception have not reliably measured psychological factors to determine their role in altered pain perception elicited by vagus nerve stimulation. Thus, it remains unclear how much of a role psychological factors play in vagal pain modulation. Here, we present a rationale for including psychological measures in future vagus nerve stimulation studies on pain.
Month of birth and child height in 40 countries

Lokshin and Radyakin (2012) present evidence that month of birth affects child physical growth in India. We replicate these correlations using the same data and demonstrate that they are the result of a spurious relationship between month of birth, age-at-measurement and child growth patterns in developing countries. We repeat the analysis on 39 additional countries and show that there is no evidence of seasonal birth effects in child height-for-age z-score in any country. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Demographic and Health Survey data used to estimate the correlation is not suitable for the task due to a previously unrecognized source of measurement error in child month of birth. We document results from several papers that should be re-interpreted in light of this issue.
Suicidal ideation and attentional biases in children: An eye-tracking study

Abstract Background Despite theoretical and empirical evidence for a heighted responsiveness to signals of social-threat in suicidal individuals, no studies to date have examined whether this responsiveness might also manifest in the form of specific biases in attention to interpersonal stimuli. The current study, therefore, examined the presence and nature of attentional biases for facial expressions of emotion in children with and without a history of suicidal ideation (SI). Method Participants were 88 children (44 with a history of SI and 44 demographically and clinically matched controls without such history) recruited from the community. The average age of children was 9.26 years (44.3% female; 67.0% Caucasian). Children's history of SI was assessed via structured interviews with children and their parent. Attentional biases were assessed using a dot probe task and included fearful, happy, and sad facial stimuli and focused on eye tracking and reaction time indices of attentional bias. Results Children with a history of SI exhibited significantly greater gaze duration toward fearful faces. The findings appeared to be at least partially independent of children's history of major depression or anxiety disorders or their current depressive or anxious symptoms. Limitations The study is limited by its cross-sectional design, which precludes any causal conclusions regarding the role of attentional biases in future suicide risk. Conclusions Our results suggest that children with a history of SI exhibit biases in sustained attention toward socially-threatening facial expressions. Pending replications, these findings might represent a new avenue of suicide risk assessment and intervention.
Self-programming networks: Architecture and algorithms

The rapid growth and wide adoption of cloud computing platforms have made them very complex to operate and manage. The operators of cloud platforms and the underlying data center networks have desired to make them much more programmable. This has culminated in the development of the Software-Defined Networking paradigm. But you cannot program what you do not understand: the volume, velocity and richness of network applications seem beyond the ability of direct human comprehension. What is needed is a sensing, inference and learning system which can observe the data emitted by a network during the course of its operation, reconstruct the network's evolution, infer key performance metrics, continually learn the best responses to rapidly-changing load and operating conditions, and help the network adapt to them in real-time. This white paper describes Self-Programming Networks (SPNs), an ongoing research effort at Stanford for making networks autonomous; that is, to enable networks to sense and monitor themselves, and program and control themselves. We present a NIC-centric architecture for SPNs, describe systems and algorithms for (i) fine-grained network measurement using packet and probe timestamps taken at the edge, and (ii) nanosecond-level clock synchronization in real-time and at scale. We also describe how these enhancements can enable new applications on top of an SPN. While our initial work has been on developing the sensing and monitoring capabilities of SPNs, we describe future work on learning and control.
Glioblastoma and Survival Prediction.

Glioblastoma is a stage IV highly invasive astrocytoma tumor. Its heterogeneous appearance in MRI poses a critical challenge in diagnosis, prognosis and survival prediction. This work proposes an automated survival prediction method by utilizing different types of texture and other features. The method tests feature significance and prognostic values, and then utilizes the most significant features with a Random Forest regression model to perform survival prediction. We use 163 cases from BraTS17 training dataset for evaluation of the proposed model. A 10-fold cross validation offers normalized root mean square error of 30% for the training dataset and the cross-validated accuracy of 67%, respectively. Finally, the proposed model ranked first in the Survival Prediction task for global Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) 2017 and an accuracy of 57.9% is achieved.
Time to reintroduction of feeding in infants with nonsurgical necrotizing enterocolitis

Abstract Background For infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) treated nonoperatively, no consensus exists on the optimal fasting period prior to reintroducing feeds after NEC. We report our experience with early ( Methods A chart review of infants with NEC born between 2006 and 2016 was performed. Data elements include demographics, comorbidities, day of diagnosis, Bell's stage, recurrence, strictures, length of stay and mortality, and were grouped into early and late refeeding. T-tests were used for means and chi-squared tests for distribution of proportions. Linear and logistic regressions were used to further evaluate the association of length of stay, stricture, recurrence, and death with time to refeeding. Results Of 228 NEC patients, 149(65%) were treated nonoperatively (Bell Stages I, IIA, IIB, IIIA). Eleven patients were excluded owing to never restarting feeds, largely secondary to early death. The early (n=40) and late refeeding (n=98) groups were not significantly different with regard to mean gestational age at birth, race, birth weight, day of life at NEC diagnosis, or cardiac disease. NEC Stage was significantly different (p Conclusions No standardized guidelines exist for restarting enteral nutrition following medical NEC. In patients managed nonoperatively, early reintroduction of feeding was not significantly associated with increased NEC recurrence, mortality, or stricture. Level of evidence Treatment Study – Level III.
Calcium, magnesium, and whole-milk intakes and high-aggressive prostate cancer in the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP).

Background Calcium and dairy product intakes have been positively associated with prostate cancer risk. An imbalance in concentrations of calcium and magnesium has been associated with multiple chronic diseases, although few studies have examined the relation with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Objective The goal of this study was to examine the association between dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium, the calcium-to-magnesium ratio (Ca:Mg), and dairy products and prostate cancer aggressiveness. Design Dietary intake was assessed with the use of an interviewer-administered modified National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire in 996 African American and 1064 European American men with a recent histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). High-aggressive disease was defined as Gleason sum ≥8, or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/mL, or Gleason score ≥7 and clinical stage T3-T4. The comparison group was all other prostate cancer cases. Logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for high-aggressive prostate cancer by tertile of diet and supplement exposures. Results There was a positive association across tertiles of dietary Ca:Mg intake, with odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer in the upper tertiles as follows-OR for tertile 2 compared with tertile 1: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.88); OR for tertile 3 compared with tertile 1: 1.46 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.02). When stratified by race, the positive association was more pronounced in African American men (OR for tertile 3 compared with tertile 2: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.53). Men who reported the highest daily consumption of whole-fat milk had a 74% increased odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer compared with non-whole-fat milk drinkers, which was attenuated after adjustment for potential mediating factors, such as saturated fat and Ca:Mg intake. Conclusions Among both African American and European American men diagnosed with prostate cancer, a higher Ca:Mg and whole-milk intake were associated with higher odds of high-aggressive prostate cancer. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03289130.
Evaluating the role of mindfulness in terms of asthma-related outcomes and depression and anxiety symptoms among individuals with asthma

The aim of the current study was to examine the unique role of mindfulness skills in terms of: (1) asthma-related outcomes (i.e., asthma control, asthma quality of life); (2) depression symptoms; a...
Treatment-Related Outcomes in Paget–Schroetter Syndrome—A Cross-Sectional Investigation

Objective To investigate treatment-related outcomes, namely radiological clot resolution, post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), and health related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores, in children with Paget–Schroetter syndrome (PSS) undergoing multidisciplinary management, including anticoagulation and decompressive rib-resection surgery, with or without thrombolytic therapy. Study design We identified all patients treated for PSS at our institution between the years 2010 and 2017. Baseline clinical and radiologic data were abstracted from medical records. Two validated survey instruments to quantify PTS and HRQoL were mailed to eligible patients. Standard statistical methods were used to summarize these measures. Results In total, 22 eligible patients were identified; 10 were treated with thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation and rib resection, and 12 were treated with anticoagulation and rib resection alone. Nineteen patients responded to the survey instruments. Median age at deep vein thrombosis diagnosis and survey completion were 16.3 and 20.4 years, respectively. Nineteen of 22 patients had thrombus resolution on radiologic follow-up. Fourteen of 19 survey respondents reported signs/symptoms of PTS of which the majority (12/14) reported mild PTS. Aggregate total, physical, and psychosocial HRQoL scores reported were 90.6, 96.7, and 93.3, respectively. Thrombolytic therapy was not associated with a significant improvement in radiologic, clinical or HRQoL outcomes. Conclusions Most patients with PSS had complete thrombus resolution on imaging. Only 11% of survey respondents reported moderate PTS. The entire cohort reported excellent HRQoL scores. The role for thrombolytic therapy in the management of childhood PSS remains incompletely elucidated.
Patient Communication of Chronic Pain in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapeutic Relationship

Background:Patient descriptions of pain shape the pain experience, yet there is insufficient understanding of how patient communication can help providers lessen pain’s psychological and physical i...
Image reconstruction from fully-truncated and sparsely-sampled line integrals using iCT-Net

Image reconstruction from line integrals is one of foundations in computed tomography (CT) for medical diagnosis and non-destructive detection purpose. To accurately recover the density function from measurements taken over straight lines, analytic-formula-based or optimization-based inversions have been discovered over the past several decades. Accurate image reconstruction can be achieved if the acquired dataset satisfies data sufficiency conditions and data consistency conditions. However, if these conditions are violated, accurate image reconstruction remains an intellectual challenge provided that significant a priori information about image object and/or physical process of data acquisition need to be incorporated. In this work, we show that a deep learning method based upon a brand new network architecture, termed intelligent CT neural network (iCT-Net), can be employed to discover accurate image reconstruction solutions from fully-truncated and sparsely-sampled line integrals without explicit incorporations of a priori information of either image object or data acquisition process. After a two-stage training, the trained iCT-Net was directly applied to real human subject data to demonstrate the generalizability of iCT-Net to experimental data.
The X chromosome is necessary for ovule production in Silene latifolia

Sex chromosomes stop recombining and accumulate differences over time. In particular, genes on the chromosome restricted to the heterogametic sex degenerate and become non-functional. Here, we investigated whether or not the degeneration of a plant Y chromosome was sufficient to cause ovules containing a Y to fail to develop, thereby eliminating the possibility of YY individuals. We used two genotypic assays to determine the genotype-XX, XY, or YY-of offspring from a single fruit of an otherwise normal male XY plant of Silene latifolia. The fruit contained fewer ovules than normal pistillate flowers, produced an equal offspring sex ratio, and generated no YY offspring. The results indicate that ovaries must contain an X chromosome to develop properly. While haploid selection has slowed down Y-chromosome degeneration in S. latifolia, we find that it has progressed sufficiently to prevent the proper development of ovules, and hence prevent the presence of YY individuals.
STUDIES OF THE IRRADIATION PROTECTION EFFECT OF FETAL LIVER IN MICE. I. INFLUENCE OF THE GESTATIONAL AGE OF THE DONOR TISSUE

1. The gestational age of donor hematopoietic tissue appeared to have no influence on the 30-day mortality following homologous transplants in irradiated mice. 2. Recipients of second trimester homologous donor tissue had a late (90-day) mortality that was 16 per cent lower than that observed in animals receiving tissue from third trimester and neonatal donors, but statistical analysis showed a low level of significance. 3. Irradiation alone appeared to cause a late mortality in non-injected irradiated animals and in isologously transplanted irradiated animals.
Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores correlate positively with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores postoperatively in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.

Background The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) measure shoulder function. Relative to the ASES questionnaire, the SANE questionnaire is shorter and easier to score. We sought to determine (1) the correlation between ASES and SANE scores preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) or shoulder arthroplasty and (2) the correlation between the change in ASES scores and change in SANE scores. Methods We reviewed the records of 107 patients who underwent RCR (n = 74) or shoulder arthroplasty (n = 33), which included patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (n = 18) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (n = 15), at our institution from 2014 to 2015 and who completed the ASES and SANE questionnaires preoperatively and at least 2 years postoperatively. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between SANE and ASES scores in RCR patients and arthroplasty patients (both total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty) at each time point. Results In the RCR group, correlations between SANE and ASES scores were moderately positive preoperatively (r = 0.30) and strongly positive postoperatively (r = 0.86). In the arthroplasty group, correlations between SANE and ASES scores were moderately positive preoperatively (r = 0.46) and strongly positive postoperatively (r = 0.78). Conclusion SANE scores correlate positively with ASES scores postoperatively in patients undergoing RCR. Therefore, SANE scores, together with clinician-based and combination scores, can be used to assess postoperative shoulder function in these patients.
The Utility of Lyme Testing in the Workup of Ocular Inflammation.

Ocular inflammation is a leading cause of vision loss around the world. The presentation can be variable and ophthalmologists have developed a standardized nomenclature to help categorize the numer...
Pacejka Magic Formula Tire Model Parser

This paper describes a tool that translates Magic Formula tire models from an industry standard format Tyre Property File (*.tir file extension), commonly used in commercial multi-body dynamics engineering codes, into a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file tire model format for use with Chrono, an open-source multi-body physics code.
SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

Strained layer growth of SiGe on Si by either Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) or various methods of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), including Limited Reaction Processing (LRP) and Ultra High Vacuum CVD (UHV/CVD) have been used to realize narrow bandgap base double heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). This review paper will focus on the fabrication of high performance transistors, and on the material and process challenges facing the implementation of SiGe HBT technology. In particular, the use of SiGe alloys for bandgap engineering of bipolar devices and the development of self-aligned, epitaxial base bipolar device structures will be discussed, including the most recent accomplishment of 75 GHz fT heterojunction bipolar transistors, and the record sub-25 ps EC L ring oscillator delay. The design flexibility and trade-offs offered by SiGe heterojunction technology, like junction field/capacitance control, liquid nitrogen operation and complementary processes, arc also reviewed, to assess the leverage of a SiGe base bipolar technology in high speed circuits.
Identifying areas of emphasis for future palliative radiation therapy curricula via an examination of theMednet.

BACKGROUND Palliative radiation therapy is essential to the care of patients with advanced cancer. Unfortunately, despite their benefits, the principles of palliative radiation therapy and palliative and supportive care are underrepresented in radiation oncology residency curricula. In this study, we attempted to identify areas of emphasis for future palliative radiation therapy curricula by examining the relevant questions posted to theMednet. METHODS Questions tagged with both "Palliation" and "Radiation Oncology" or "General Radiation Oncology" that were posted to theMednet on or before January 7, 2020 were included in this analysis. The questions were grouped thematically, and subthemes within each broader thematic group were identified. Among the thematic groups, variations in social engagement metrics were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and non-parametric analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 4,188 questions tagged with the terms "Radiation Oncology," "General Radiation Oncology," or "Palliation" and posed between 2012 and 2020 were identified. Of these, 161 questions satisfied our inclusion criteria. Upon examination of the identified questions, eight thematic groups and several subthemes were identified, representing areas of possible emphasis for future palliative radiation therapy curricula. Among questions in different thematic groups, however, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the examined social engagement metrics. CONCLUSIONS We found many common question themes and subthemes in our examination of the palliative radiation oncology questions posted to theMednet. Our findings suggest that several opportunities for education exist for radiation oncology residents in regards to palliative and supportive care and palliative radiation therapy.
Joint motion estimation/segmentation for object-based video coding

A video coding scheme is presented in which the coding is performed on individual moving objects. A Markov Random Field model is employed in finding the motion and boundaries of the objects. By guiding the object segmentation process with the spatial color information, meaningful objects representative of the real video scene are extracted. Furthermore, this enables a systematic treatment in handling the covered/uncovered regions, as well as the appearance/disappearance of moving objects. The rate for transmitting object motion and boundary is greatly reduced by use of temporal updating. The interior coding is performed by object-based subband decomposition. Simulations indicate promising results for low bitrate applications.
Tetratricopeptide repeats of Tfc4 and a limiting step in the assembly of the initiation factor TFIIIB.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on recent advances in the understanding of a critical limiting step in polymerase III (Pol III) transcription—the assembly on DNA of the initiation factor transcription factor IIIB (TFIIIB) by transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC). The structural changes induced by Bdp1 are of particular interest because they lead to kinetic trapping of the DNA in TFIIIB and confer its characteristic high stability and resistance to dissociation by high salt concentrations and poly anions. The stability of TFIIIB-DNA permits high levels of transcription by eliminating rate-limiting steps in pre-initation complex assembly and by enabling rapid recycling of Pol III after termination. Complex stability is presumably also important for Pol III genes to function as boundaries that block the spread of silent chromatin. The significance of these interactions in Tfc4 may not be limited to its function in TFIIIB assembly; the association between Tfc4 and polymerase subunits raises the possibility of an additional role in post assembly functions for TFIIIC such as polymerase recruitment or recycling. As the list of effectors of Pol III transcription continues to expand in both yeast and mammalian cells, a common theme among known effectors can be recognized—the ability to target TFIIIB and affect its recruitment by TFIIIC or interactions with Pol III. In particular, the mechanisms by which posttranslational signaling events affect TATA-binding protein, Brf1, Bpd1, and TFIIIC function in TFIIIB assembly have yet to be defined.
Exercise for Depression/Anxiety

Recent research has examined the utility of exercise in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. This entry provides an overview of this research, starting with the epidemiological associations of physical activity with reduced prevalence of depression and anxiety and through more recent randomized controlled trials. These trials provide strong evidence for aerobic exercise and resistance training as both a stand-alone and augmentation treatment. Despite this evidence, further research is required to optimally use exercise in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. This work utilizes rigorous scientific methodologies to examine areas such as the neurobiological mechanisms associated with exercise and the optimal exercise modality and dose necessary to achieve antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Keywords: anxiety; depression; exercise; mood; physical activity
A single-chip, asynchronous echo canceller for high-speed data communication

A single-chip, 128-coefficient, asynchronous echo canceller has been developed. Cancellation is performed by an FIR filter whose coefficients are adapted using the power-of-two modified LMS algorithm. The pipelined circuit updates all coefficients and generates the filtered output every cycle while allowing a sampling rate greater than 205 kHz.
On using the electrical characteristics of graphene-based conductors for designing a conformal monopole on a transparent substrate

Conformal antennas printed on thin flexible sub-strates typically use copper conductors for the radiating portion of the designs. This paper presents an alternative to using copper conductors. More particularly, a novel compact monopole on a thin transparent substrate with 25 µm thick flexible graphene-based conductors for the radiating portion of the design is presented. The design was modeled in a full-wave simulation tool, and a prototype was manufactured and measured in a full anechoic chamber. Overall, it was shown that the S-parameter simulations agreed well with measurements and that the electrical benefits of the flexible graphene-based conductors could be used to design a useful conformal monopole.
Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence

Considerable strides have been made in the past decade in recognizing the centrality of the cultural context of schooling to adolescent development. In this review, adopting a developmental systems conceptualization of schooling, we focus on selected new research findings from the past decade regarding how (a) teachers, curricular tasks, and classroom environments; (b) aspects of the school as an organization; and (c) district policies and practices can play an instrumental role in adolescents' intellectual and social–emotional development.
Regulation of Na+/glucose cotransporters.

Na+/glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are expressed in the small intestine and the proximal renal tubule, where they play a central role in the absorption of glucose and galactose from food and the reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate. The regulation of intestinal sugar absorption occurs over two distinct time scales, one over days and the other over minutes. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in the shorter-term regulation. Recent studies of the mouse intestine in vitro demonstrated that Na+/glucose cotransport is increased two- to eightfold within minutes by the application of forskolin, an agent that increases intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Here we explore how cyclic AMP may upregulate Na+/glucose cotransport. Our strategy was to express cloned SGLT1s in Xenopus laevis oocytes and then use electrophysiological methods to measure (i) the kinetics of Na+/glucose cotransport, (ii) the number of cotransporters in the plasma membrane, and (iii) the net rate of exo- and endocytosis before and after activation of protein kinases. To evaluate the role of cotransporter phosphorylation, we have examined the effect of protein kinase activation on various SGLT1 isoforms and other cotransporters. In oocytes expressing rabbit SGLT1, the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) increased the maximum rate of Na+/glucose cotransport by 30%, and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) decreased the maximum rate of transport by 60%. Changes in maximum transport rates were accompanied by proportional changes in the number of cotransporters in the plasma membrane and by changes in the area of the membrane. We conclude that PKA and PKC regulate rabbit SGLT1 activity by modulating the number of cotransporters in the plasma membrane and that this occurs through regulation of exocytosis and endocytosis. Given the size of intracellular transport vesicles containing SGLT1, 100-120 nm in diameter, and the density of cotransporters in these vesicles, 10-20 per vesicle, we estimate that the net rate of SGLT1 vesicle exocytosis is about 10,000 s-1 and that this rate increases 100-fold after activation of PKA. The effect of PKA is independent of the presence or absence of consensus sites for phosphorylation on SGLT1. Surprisingly, the effects of PKA or PKC depend critically on the sequence of the contransporter being expressed in the oocyte, e.g. activation of PKC inhibited rabbit and rat SGLT1, but stimulated human SGLT1. This dependency suggests that the regulation of vesicle trafficking by protein kinases depends upon the structure of the cotransporter expressed in the oocyte. Similar considerations apply to other classes of cotransporters, such as the neurotransmitter and dipeptide cotransporters. Our working hypothesis is that the regulation of cotransporter expression by protein kinases occurs largely by regulated exo- and endocytosis, and that the effect of the protein kinases is indirect and determined by critical domains in the cotransporter.
Papyrus Bodmer II (P66) and John 8, 25

The importance of Papyrus Bodmer II, to be designated P66 for textual studies can scarcely be overlooked, even in an age accustomed to startling discoveries in the biblical field. The scholarly world is indebted to Professor Victor Martin for prompt publication, and it is to be hoped that a facsimile will follow.
Analysis of the “discrimination-failure-hypothesis” in generalized matching and mismatching behavior☆

Abstract Three mentally retarded subjects were taught with matching-to-sample procedures and geometric shapes as stimuli to make matching and mismatching responses, respectively, in a two-component, multiple schedule. The subjects also made generalized matching and mismatching responses to unreinforced probe samplees in the respective components. During each trial the subjects were given the opportunity to choose the sample stimulus to which to respond. Choice responding was compared under conditions of no intertrial interval and 5-sec and 10-sec interial intervals. Generally, longer intertrial intervals resulted in a low probability of probe-sample selection and a high probability of reinforced-sample selection. Nevertheless, the subjects continued to display generalized matching and mismatching behavior when probe samples were selected, demonstrating that generalized matching and mismatching could be maintained concurrent with a discrimination between the reinforced and unreinforced sample stimuli as measured by the choice procedures. Further, the patterns of responding in the mismatch-reinforced component for all subjects were observed to change as intertrial interval conditions were changed across sessions. Under longer intertrial interval conditions, subjects responded to specific choice stimuli as mismatches for specific samples, but reverted to other strategies under no intertrial interval conditions. The results suggest that intertrial interval length may be an important variable in both matching-to-sample and choice behavior.
Integral equation for a particle in an electric field

Abstract This paper presents an integral equation appropriate to a particle bound by an attractive force when a uniform electric field is applied. Two types of states arise corresponding to the homogeneous and inhomogeneous integral equations, respectively. The physical distinction between them leads directly to a criterion for electrical breakdown. The ideas are illustrated for an electron bound by a one-dimensional square well.
Streptokinase-dependent delayed activation of horse plasminogen.

Abstract Complete activation of purified horse plasminogen to plasmin was obtained with a 1:10 molar ratio of streptokinase to plasminogen after 5 min of incubation at 37°C. At a 1:1 molar ratio, maximal activity did not appear until 15–30 min, while at a ratio of 6:1 complete activation was delayed for 120–180 min. Gel filtration studies of isotopically labeled streptokinase and horse plasminogen suggest that the delay was due to impaired formation of a streptokinase-plasminogen complex. The predominant streptokinase moiety within the streptokinase-plasmin complex which forms from the streptokinase-plasminogen complex had a molecular weight of about 25000. The streptokinase-horse plasmin complex activated bovine plasminogen and was relatively stable. Native streptokinase was rapidly modified by horse plasmin predominantly to a fragment with a molecular weight comparable to that of the streptokinase moiety within the horse streptokinase-plasmin complex, about 25000 daltons. Partial characterization of horse plasminogen revealed no striking differences from human plasminogen in terms of molecular weight, N-terminal analysis and amino acid composition. However, horse plasminogen did not react with antibodies to human plasminogen, and its isoenzymes were more acidic than those of the human. Further characterization of horse plasminogen will be required to ascertain whether activation by streptokinase can serve as a model for the altered kinetics which have recently been described for the activation of aberrant types of human plasminogen.