cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observation of the Same New Sheet Topology in Both the Layered Uranyl Oxide-Phosphate Cs11[(UO2)12(PO4)3O13] and the Layered Uranyl Oxyfluoride-Phosphate Rb11[(UO2)12(PO4)3O12F2] Prepared by Flux Crystal Growth.

Single crystals of four new layered uranyl phosphates, including three oxyfluoride-phosphates, were synthesized by molten flux methods using alkali chloride melts, and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cs11[(UO2)12(PO4)3O13] (1) and Rb11[UO2)12(PO4)3O12F2] (2) contain uranyl phosphate layers exhibiting a new sheet topology that can be related to that of β-U3O8, while Cs4.4K0.6[(UO2)6O4F(PO4)4(UO2)] (3) and Rb4.4K0.6[(UO2)6O4F(PO4)4(UO2)] (4) contain layers of a known isomer of the prominent phosphuranylite topology. The location of the fluorine in structures 2-4 is discussed using bond valence sums. First principles calculations were used to explore why a pure oxide structure is obtained for the Cs containing phase (1) and in contrast an oxyfluoride phase for the Rb containing phase (2). Ion exchange experiments were performed on 1 and 2 and demonstrate the ability of these structures to exchange approximately half of the parent alkali cation with a target alkali cation in an aqueous concentrated salt solution. Optical measurements were performed on 1 and 2 and the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra show features characteristic of the UO22+ uranyl group.
Triclosen and Its Alternatives in Antibacterial Soaps

Background In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration banned the marketing of triclosan and triclocarban in antibacterial soaps, citing inefficacy and concerns of systemic absorption and antibacterial resistance. As a result, there is an anticipated decrease in the number of triclosan-containing products on the market with an associated increase in antibacterial alternatives (eg, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chloroxylenol, chlorhexidine) and cases of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the extent that triclosan and triclocarban are being used in the consumer and medical industries after the Food and Drug Administration marketing ban and to appraise the risk of allergic contact dermatitis to triclosan alternatives. Methods The National Drug Code Directory (NDCD), Google, Amazon, Target, Walgreens, Walmart, CVS, and Colorado hospitals were surveyed for antibacterial soap use. Antibiotics surveyed include triclosan, triclocarban, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chloroxylenol, and chlorhexidine. Results The most common antibiotics reported by the NDCD, consumer sites, and Colorado hospitals were benzalkonium chloride, chloroxylenol, and triclosan, respectively. Triclosan accounted for the second most prevalent antibacterial in the NDCD- and consumer site-surveyed products. Conclusions The triclosan marketing ban may instigate increased exposure to triclosan alternatives. The addition of antibacterial products to hand soaps does not improve soap effectiveness and may cause harm by contributing to antibiotic resistance and the development of allergic conditions. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the benefits and harms of antibacterial soaps.
Array-Level Approach to Nonlinear Equalization

Low-cost digital arrays suffer from nonlinear distortion, in both the transmitters (Tx) and receivers (Rx), introducing nonlinear spurious products, compression, and memory effects. Many linearization techniques have been researched to mitigate nonlinear distortion, such as digital pre-distortion (DPD) for Tx and nonlinear equalization (NLEQ) for Rx. However, these linearization techniques have mostly focused on channel-level correction, ignoring the array-level aspects. This paper gives an overview of the array-level aspects that need to be taken into account to effectively use NLEQ for digital arrays. Furthermore, an averaging method is proposed to help reduce computational complexity of NLEQ techniques, while leveraging the previously discussed array-level advantages.
Role of Computers in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry:Detection, Identification, and Quantification in Drug Metabolism Research

During the last few years, rapid progress in instrumentation and techniques resulted in the commercial availability of interactive data systems with the aim to maximize the productivity of both the combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer complex and the operator. Dedicated minicomputers, with continually increasing performance/cost ratios, are becoming the rule rather than the exception for the acquisition and handling of data. The availability of continuous repetitive scanning of mass spectra throughout the entire gas chromatographic run provides a tremendous amount of information which can be recorded, interrogated, and even interpreted in essentially real time. Alternatively, there is the option to be extremely selective and monitor only selected constituents or their fragments, disregarding everything else present. Both techniques, and various combinations, have been used for the identification and quantification of drugs and their metabolites.
The Effect of an Enhanced Recovery Protocol on Colorectal Surgery Patients With Diabetes.

Abstract Background The effect of an enhanced recovery protocol including preoperative carbohydrate loading on patients with diabetes is unclear. This study investigated the effect of both on perioperative glucose management and postoperative outcomes in patients with diabetes undergoing colorectal surgery. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery before and after implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol. Ninety-nine patients with type 2 diabetes (DM, 41 control versus 58 enhanced recovery) and 366 patients without diabetes (NDM, 158 control versus 158 enhanced recovery) were included. Multivariate analyses were run to compare mean peak perioperative serum glucose and postoperative outcomes in enhanced recovery and control cohorts with (DM) and without diabetes (NDM). Results Mean peak preoperative glucose was elevated in DM enhanced recovery compared with DM control patients (192.2 [72.2] versus 139.8 [41.4]; P Conclusions An enhanced recovery protocol may lead to increased peak preoperative glucose levels and 30-d readmissions in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing colorectal surgery. However, the ultimate clinical significance of transiently elevated preoperative glucose in DM patients is uncertain. Our results suggest that an enhanced recovery protocol and preoperative carbohydrate loading does not lead to poorer postoperative glycemic control overall in patients with diabetes undergoing colorectal surgery.
Long-term metformin treatment and risk of peripheral neuropathy in older Veterans.

Abstract Aim Our objective was to assess whether increased duration of metformin therapy is associated with incident peripheral neuropathy (PN) in older Veterans with diabetes. Methods Using national Veterans Affairs registry data from 2002 to 2015, we examined Veterans (50 + years) with diabetes. Long-term metformin therapy was defined as prescription ≥ 500 mg/day, filled for ≥ 6 consecutive months. Metformin therapy duration was examined both as continuous and categorical measures. Incident PN was defined by medical chart review. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted (variables selected a priori) odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. Results The study included n = 210,004 individuals (mean ± SD: age: 66.2 ± 8.4 yrs, 96% male) prescribed metformin for 47.0 ± 34.0 months. Nineteen percent developed PN during follow-up. After adjusting for age, body mass index, duration of time receiving health care within the VA, smoking status, alcohol abuse, and vitamin B12 testing and treatment, the number of months of metformin treatment was associated with elevated odds for incident PN (aOR (metformin treatment - continuous) = 1.009 (95% CI = 1.009, 1.010); aOR (metformin treatment – categorical (ref: 6- Conclusion Our study suggests that Veterans treated for at least 18 months with metformin are approximately 2–3 times more likely to develop PN than those treated at least six, but
THE RADIAL and ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES of PSO J318.5338-22.8603, A NEWLY CONFIRMED PLANETARY-MASS MEMBER of the β PICTORIS MOVING GROUP

PSO J318.5338−22.8603 is an extremely red planetary-mass object that has been identified as a candidate member of the β Pictoris moving group based on its spatial position and tangential velocity. We present a high-resolution K-band spectrum of PSO J318.5338−22.8603. Using a forward modeling Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, we report the first measurement of the radial velocity and v sin(i) of PSO J318.5−22, km s−1, and km s−1, respectively. We calculate the space velocity and position of PSO J318.5−22 and confirm that it is a member of the β Pictoris moving group. Adopting an age of 23 ± 3 Myr for PSO J318.5−22, we determine a mass of 8.3 ± 0.5 MJup and an effective temperature of K using evolutionary models. PSO J318.5338−22.8603 is intermediate in mass and temperature to the directly imaged planets β Pictoris b and 51 Eridani b, making it an important benchmark object in the sequence of the planetary-mass members of the β Pictoris moving group. Combining our v sin(i) measurement with recent photometric variability data, we constrain the inclination of PSO J318.5−22 to >29° and its rotational period to 5–10.2 hr. The equatorial velocity of PSO J318.5−22 indicates that its rotation is consistent with an extrapolation of the velocity–mass relationship for solar system planets.
Identifying Recipients Who are at High Risk of Receiving a Donor Heart with Undersized Right Ventricle

Purpose A recent study from our research group investigated the impact of right ventricular mass (RVM) undersizing on postoperative outcomes. Here we aim to identify patients who are at high risk of poor postoperative outcomes when receiving a donor heart with undersized right ventricle. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of adult heart transplant recipients undergoing primary transplantation using the UNOS database, from 1997 to 2017. Using previously validated equations we calculated estimated RVM for donors and recipients. Undersized RVM was determined as donor RVM less than recipient RVM. We performed multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards analysis to identify independent predictors of mortality in recipients of undersized RVM; RVAD prior to transplantation was forced into our model. Results Of the 38,740 transplants included in our study, 6,920 (17.9%) received donor hearts with undersized RVM. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards analysis demonstrated older age (HR 1.02, P 66, Karnofsky score 16, or Creatinine > 1.9). High risk patients had worse 1-year survival, while low-risk group had similar outcomes to non-RVM-undersized recipients (Figure 1). Conclusion Recipients older than 66, with Karnofsky score
Abstract LB089: A national study of alcohol consumption patterns among population-based U.S. cancer survivors compared with cancer-free controls

Alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for several cancers. Previous studies have also shown a positive association between alcohol and cancer progression, recurrence and cancer-related death. Few studies have been conducted to characterize alcohol consumption patterns among cancer survivors compared to cancer-free individuals. This cross-sectional study combined data from NHANES between 1999-2016 to compare alcohol consumption behaviors among adults with a history of cancer to cancer-free population controls. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of drinking status among survivors (former drinkers; current drinkers; never drinkers) compared to controls. Multivariable logistic regression models were also used within current drinkers to calculate the adjusted odds of binge drinking and exceeding moderate drinking. Models were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. A total of 3,113 survivors and 39,527 controls were included. Compared with controls, survivors were less likely to be current drinkers (63.4% vs. 72.6% in controls) and were more likely to be former drinkers (24.4% vs. 15.5% in controls). The odds of being current drinkers vs. never drinkers was significantly lower among survivors compared with controls (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.99, p-value: 0.04), while no significant odds of being former drinkers vs. never drinkers was observed. When comparing survivors to controls by cancer type, breast cancer survivors had lower odds of being current drinkers vs. never drinkers (aOR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.88, p-value Our findings suggest that cancer survivors are at lower odds of being current drinkers when compared with cancer-free population controls. Given the high odds of binge drinking among cervical cancer survivors, public health strategies are needed to reduce alcohol consumption in this group. Citation Format: Junrui Lyu, Maneet Kaur, Avonne E. Connor. A national study of alcohol consumption patterns among population-based U.S. cancer survivors compared with cancer-free controls [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB089.
Polygenic score for cigarette smoking is associated with ever electronic-cigarette use in a college-aged sample.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Electronic cigarette use has escalated rapidly in recent years, particularly among youth. Little is known about the genetic influences on e-cigarette use. This study aimed to determine whether genetic risk for regular use of combustible cigarettes or for number of cigarettes smoked per day confers risk for ever e-cigarette use or frequency of e-cigarette use. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS We used data from 9541 young adults from the Spit for Science longitudinal cohort study (2011-2019). Polygenic scores (PGS) of regular combustible cigarette use (PGS-RCU) and cigarettes per day (PGS-CPD) were constructed using summary statistics from the two largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of European ancestry and East Asian ancestry of combustible cigarette use and used to test whether the PGS of RCU or CPD predicted lifetime e-cigarette use and frequency of past 30-day e-cigarette use in a diverse sample of young adults of African (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), and South Asian (SAS) ancestry. FINDINGS The PGS-RCU was associated with lifetime e-cigarette use in the EUR sample (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.19-1.36, P = 7.53 × 10-12 ), but not in the other subsamples (ps > 0.12). This association remained significant after excluding regular combustible cigarette smokers (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.12-1.31, P = 3.36 × 10-6 ). There was no statistically significant association between PGS-CPD and lifetime e-cigarette use and neither the PGS-RCU nor the PGS-CPD were associated with frequency of e-cigarette use in the past 30 days in any of the subsamples. CONCLUSIONS Genetic factors associated with regular combustible cigarette use appear to be associated with ever e-cigarette use in young adults. We did not find evidence for shared genetic factors influencing heaviness of use of combustible cigarettes and current e-cigarette use frequency.
Binding Forces Effective in the Collision of Atoms and Molecules with Metal Surfaces

This chapter, which surveys the possible binding forces involved when an atom or molecule collides with a metal surface, lays the foundation for the discussion of the energetics of the adsorption process (Chapter 5). As has been shown schematically in Fig.2.1.c, three limiting types of binding forces must be distinguished: (a) van der Waals forces, (b) exchange (homopolar) forces, and (c) heteropolar (Coulomb) forces. These are discussed more specifically in the following sections.
VARIATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IN NEWLY EMERGING EXTENDED METROPOLITAN REGIONS OF JIANGSU PROVINCE, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Recent economic reforms and restructuring in China have resulted in significant changes in the nature and efficiency of farm production. In southern Jiangsu (SUNAN), a region developing and urbaniz...
Deoxyribonucleases of Pneumococcus

Abstract Two enzymes with deoxyribonuclease activity were isolated from Pneumococcus. One of these, an endonuclease active on both native and denatured deoxyribonucleic acid, produced 5'-phosphate-terminated fragments which, even after extensive degradation, were larger than mononucleotides. The other enzyme, an exonuclease preferentially active on native DNA, produced 5'-nucleotides and single-stranded DNA. The exonuclease also exhibited a phosphatase activity; it released 3'-terminal phosphate from 3'-P-terminated DNA. Exonuclease action generally leveled off when only 70 to 80% of the native DNA substrate had reacted. This presumably was due to pre-existing single-strand breaks in the substrate which resulted in the formation of double-stranded fragments isolated from further exonuclease action by dangling, single-stranded 3'-hydroxyl termini. Residual transforming activity in extensively degraded DNA may have corresponded to such persistent double-stranded fragments. The more "nicks" or ends that were introduced into the substrate, the greater was the initial rate of exonuclease action. Evidence from substrate saturation and competitive inhibition of the enzyme, however, indicated that the enzyme was bound all along the length of DNA molecules both native and denatured, and not only at the termini where it acted. By attacking one strand of incoming DNA and thereby pulling the other strand into the cell, the exonuclease may play a role in the entry of DNA in the genetic transformation of Pneumococcus, since, immediately after entry, donor DNA appears to be equally divided between single strands and 5'-deoxynucleotides. Subsequent dephosphorylation of the nucleotides may be attributed to 5'-deoxynucleotidase activities, which were shown in this investigation to be present in pneumococcal extracts.
Optimizing eigenvalues of symmetric definite pencils

We consider the following quasiconvex optimization problem: minimize the largest eigenvalue of a symmetric definite matrix pencil depending on parameters. A new form of optimality conditions is given, emphasizing a complementarity condition on primal and dual matrices. Newton's method is then applied to these conditions to give a new quadratically convergent interior-point method which works well in practice. The algorithm is closely related to primal-dual interior-point methods for semidefinite programming.
VLA Observations of OH Masers and Associated Ultracompact Continuum Sources

We have observed 22 OH masers and associated continuum sources with the VLA at λ 18 cm, and deduce that type I masers are always associated with ultracompact continuum sources, while type II(a) (1720 MHz) masers probably never are. Implications for the type of pumping for each category of maser are discussed.
Increasing Access and Quality in Department of Veterans Affairs Care at the End of Life: A Lesson in Change

The pursuit of a "good death" remains out of reach for many despite numerous piecemeal solutions to address the growing need for access to quality care at the end of life. In 2002, U.S. veteran deaths were at an all-time high, few Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals had inpatient palliative care services, and there was no reliable approach to meet home hospice needs. The VA embarked on a course of major change to improve veterans' care at the end of life. A coordinated plan to increase access to hospice and palliative care services was established, addressing policy development, program and staff development, collaboration with community hospices, outcomes measurement, and proving value to the organization. To determine progress and monitor resource allocation, workload and outcome measures were established in all settings. Within 3 years, the number of veterans receiving VA-paid home hospice had tripled, all VA hospitals had a palliative care team, 42% of all veterans who died as VA inpatients received a palliative care consultation, and a nationwide network of VA partnerships with community hospice agencies was established. Through a multifaceted strategic plan and a mission of honoring veterans' preferences for care at the end of life, the VA has made rapid progress in improved access to palliative care services for inpatients and outpatients. The VA's experience serves as a powerful example of the magnitude of change possible in a complex health system and a model for improving access and quality of palliative care services in other health systems.
Overview of the EIA 632 standard: processes for engineering a system

The EIA 632 standard has been developed that describes the "processes for engineering a system". This standard evolved from EIA/IS 632-the interim standard that described a systems engineering process. This paper will describe the structure of the standard, elements of the process, and key concepts such as stakeholder requirements, enabling products, building blocks, and development layers.
Optimization Patterns for the Decentralized Orchestration of Parameter-Sweep Workflows

A large and diverse group of computational scientific research efforts deal with parameterized studies, in which same or similar computational tools are applied on different sets of data. Such uniform and well-defined analysis efforts can be encapsulated as parameter-sweep workflows. Due to computation and data intensive nature, resources that span across multiple domains may be needed for timely and efficient execution of this type of workflows. In our previous studies, we have designed and developed techniques to orchestrate the execution of large-scale workflows in a decentralized and adaptive manner. Through the usage of generic workflow patterns, centralized orchestration of workflows are transformed into decentralized and adaptive orchestration without modifying the business logic of the workflow. In this study, we propose some additional optimization patterns specific to characteristics and requirements of parameter-sweep workflows. By exploiting the general characteristics of parameter-sweep workflows, we provide ways to reduce control and data overheads associated with the decentralized orchestration. We also discuss some implementation issues that arise from the adoption of these optimization patterns.
Experiments on the applicability of MAE techniques for predicting sound diffraction by irregular terrains

The sound field diffracted by a single smooth hill of finite impedance is studied both analytically, within the context of the theory of Matched Asymptotic Expansions (MAE), and experimentally, under laboratory scale modeling conditions. Special attention is given to the sound field on the diffracting surface and throughout the transition region between the illuminated and the shadow zones. The MAE theory yields integral equations that are amenable to numerical computations. Experimental results are obtained with a spark source producing a pulse of 42 microsec duration and about 130 Pa at 1 m. The insertion loss of the hill is inferred from measurements of the acoustic signals at two locations in the field, with subsequent Fourier analysis on an IBM PC/AT. In general, experimental results support the predictions of the MAE theory, and provide a basis for the analysis of more complicated geometries.
Laboratory mice (Mus musculus, C57/BL 6J) do not exhibit fear in the presence of a rattlesnake

C57/BL 6J mice traversed as many squares during 5 min in an open field containing a rattlesnake (Crotalus enyo) as did control mice tested in the same open field without the snake. Additional mice were placed into quart jars and lowered into a cage containing six hungry rattlesnakes which exhibited great interest in the mice. Some of these mice simply observed the rattlesnakes while others observed the rattlesnakes killing and devouring mice. The open-field ambulation of these mice (with or without a rattlesnake in the open field) did not differ from the controls. Moreover, mice tested with a snake in the open field touched the snake (particularly the rattle) an average of four times during the 5-min trial. It was concluded that these mice exhibit no obvious signs of fear in the presence of a rattlesnake.
The impact of spatial correlation and incommensurability on model evaluation

Standard evaluations of air quality models rely heavily on a direct comparison of monitoring data matched with the model output for the grid cell containing the monitor's location. While such techniques may be adequate for some applications, conclusions are limited by such factors as the sparseness of the available observations (limiting the number of grid cells at which the model can be evaluated) and the incommensurability between volume-averages and pointwise observations. We examine several sets of simulations to illustrate the effect of incommensurability in a variety of cases distinguished by the type and extent of spatial correlation present. Block kriging, a statistical method which can be used to address the issue, is then demonstrated using the simulations. Lastly, we apply this method to actual data and discuss the practical importance of understanding the impact of spatial correlation structure and incommensurability.
Progress report on the potential of angiogenesis inhibitors for neuro-oncology.

New therapies for brain tumors are urgently needed. Brain tumors are highly vascularized, supporting the potential of anti-angiogenic therapies in their treatment. The promise of blocking tumor growth through inhibiting new blood vessel formation with anti-angiogenic agents has been heralded as a therapeutic breakthrough, and pre-clinical data supported this enthusiasm. However, early clinical trials in humans have been somewhat disappointing. Nonetheless, great optimism for these agents remains, and many new anti-angiogenic agents and strategies are being evaluated pre-clinically and in clinical trials. A number of issues need to be considered in the application of these agents to neuro-oncology. In this review, we discuss the biology of blood vessel formation in the brain and brain tumors as it relates to anti-angiogenic therapies. The difficulties inherent in performing clinical trials of anti-angiogenic therapies in patients with brain tumors are outlined. Finally, we consider numerous individual anti...
Variable growth and longevity of yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) in the Everglades of south Florida, USA

Summary Yellow bullhead (Ictaluridae: Ameiurus natalis) is the most abundant ictalurid catfish in the Everglades of southern Florida, USA, and, as both prey and predator, is one of many essential components in the ecological-simulation models used in assessing restoration success in the Everglades. Little is known of its biology and life history in this southernmost portion of its native range; the present study provides the first estimates of age and growth from the Everglades. In total, 144 yellow bullheads of 97–312 mm total length (TL) were collected from canals and marshes of the Everglades between April 2000 and January 2001, and from October 2003 to February 2005. Fish were aged using cross-sections of pectoral spines and ranged from 1–12 years, with the maximum age almost twice that of any yellow bullhead previously reported. Yellow bullheads from south Florida grew relatively rapidly during their first 3 years, but after age 5 growth slowed and fish approached an asymptote of � 214 mm TL. Compared to other populations in the United States, yellow bullhead in the Everglades grew relatively slowly, were smaller at age overall, but survived to older ages.
Combined sciatic and femoral nerve blocks for infrainguinal arterial bypass surgery: a case series.

l b s r s f u o s NFRAINGUINAL ARTERIAL BYPASS surgery for lowerlimb revascularization has increased in the past years.1 Most ascular surgical patients have advanced atherosclerotic disase and a variety of medical problems complicating the periperative management.2,3 The type of anesthesia influences urgical stress response as well as intraoperative hemodynamic hanges and may have an impact on perioperative complicaions. Lower-limb arterial bypass surgery is usually performed nder general, spinal, or epidural anesthesia. A combined scitic and femoral nerve block is a peripheral regional anesthesia echnique indicated for surgical procedures involving the lower xtremity.4 However, the use of this anesthetic technique for ower-limb revascularization has been rarely reported in the iterature.5 A case series of patients who had infrainguinal rterial bypass surgery under combined sciatic and femoral erve blocks is presented.
Molecular analysis of 16S rRNA genes identifies potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria and archaea in the plaque of partially erupted third molars

Purpose Small subunit rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used to identify cultivable and uncultivable microorganisms present in the dental plaque of symptomatic and asymptomatic partially erupted third molars to determine the prevalence of putative periodontal pathogens in pericoronal sites. Materials and Methods Template DNA prepared from subgingival plaque collected from partially erupted symptomatic and asymptomatic mandibular third molars and healthy incisors was used in polymerase chain reaction with broad-range oligonucleotide primers to amplify 16S rRNA bacterial and archaeal genes. Amplicons were cloned, sequenced, and compared with known nucleotide sequences in online databases to identify the microorganisms present. Results Two thousand three hundred two clones from the plaque of 12 patients carried bacterial sequences from 63 genera belonging to 11 phyla, including members of the uncultivable TM7, SR1, and Chloroflexi, and difficult-to-cultivate Synergistetes and Spirochaetes. Dialister invisus , Filifactor alocis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas endodontalis , Prevotella denticola , Tannerella forsythia , and Treponema denticola , which have been associated with periodontal disease, were found in significantly greater abundance in pericoronal compared with incisor sites. Dialister invisus and F nucleatum were found in greater abundance in sites exhibiting clinical symptoms. The archaeal species, Methanobrevibacter oralis , which has been associated with severe periodontitis, was found in 3 symptomatic patients. Conclusions These findings have provided new insights into the complex microbiota of pericoronitis. Several bacterial and archaeal species implicated in periodontal disease were recovered in greater incidence and abundance from the plaque of partially erupted third molars compared with incisors, supporting the hypothesis that the pericoronal region may provide a favored niche for periodontal pathogens in otherwise healthy mouths.
Biofeedback-assisted sexual arousal in females a comparison of visual and auditory modalities

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of instructional set and biofeedback modality upon the ability of 23 females to achieve control over sexual arousal. Two levels of instructional set (increase, decrease) were completely crossed with three feedback modalities (audio, visual, no feedback). Changes in vaginal blood volume (VBV) and vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) were monitored by a vaginal plethysmograph and reduced on line by a microcomputer. During feedback trials, all subjects received audio- or visual feedback of the VBV response. Subjects participated in two sessions, each consisting of six 3-minute trials, one in each instruction/feedback combination. Order of trials was counterbalanced. Subjective levels of arousal, VBV, and VPA were significantly higher under increase instructions. Also, a significant feedback effect was noted in the subjective measure and the VBV measure, favoring visual feedback for overall control of sexual arousal. However, the feedback effect accounted for a small portion of the variance, and it was concluded that performance was not appreciably superior with or without feedback. Thus practical considerations may determine the feedback modality to be used for vaginal vasocongestion in future research. Higher positive correlations of subjective ratings with vaginal blood volume occurred during feedback trials, which suggests that biofeedback may be helpful in discrimination training to facilitate awareness of the feelings associated with different arousal levels and correct labeling of increased vasocongestion as sexual. Further research is necessary to see if sexually dysfunctional women can benefit from a biofeedback component in a comprehensive therapy program and to determine the effect of many training sessions on discrimination and self-control of arousal.
Computer simulation of the Human pituitary-ovarian cycle: studies of follicular phase estradiol infusions and the midcycle peak.

A mathematical model of the hormonal changes during the pituitary-ovarian cycle has been developed based on the previous model of Bogumil et al. Our model incorporates the following distinctive features: 1) discontinuous pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), with regulation of its production rate dependent on both the size and frequency of pulsations; 2) the midcycle LH surge (and FSH surge) are triggered by a significant fall of serum estradiol (E2) after E2 has been maintained at a high level for a critical period of time; 3) the magnitude of the LH and FSH surges depends on the dose and duration of E2 in the antecedent follicular phase; 4) the sensitivity of the pituitary to E2 feedback changes during the follicular phase, i.e., low E2 during the early follicular phase provides a stimulus for increased LH release in the mid-follicular phase; 5) effects of LH and FSH on the ovary are manifested only after an arbitrary delay; 6) LH is metabolized in a two compartment rather than a single compa...
Barack Versus Hillary: Race, Gender, and Political Cartoon Imagery of the 2008 Presidential Primaries:

This study examines the representations of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton in political cartoon imagery during the 2008 presidential primaries, with specific attention toward portrayals of race and gender themes. An analysis of primary campaign— and election-related cartoons from 57 American cartoonists found Hillary Clinton was featured in more political cartoons than was Barack Obama, but they were often featured together in some competitive representation. Cartoon imagery of Obama identified weaknesses of his campaign but oftentimes portrayed the issue of race in favorable images. Cartoon imagery of Clinton focused on gender-related themes of her emotions and appearance but also went beyond gender themes to highlight her determination to remain in the race. When both candidates were featured, or portrayed along with Republican nominee John McCain, contrasts of race and gender were prominent in political cartoon imagery.
Effect of rotation crops on hatch, viability and development of Heterodera glycines

Rotation with non-host crops can be an effective method for reducing soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) populations in soybean cropping systems. Sunn hemp, Illinois bundleflower, oilseed rape, perennial ryegrass, red clover, corn and H. glycines-susceptible soybean were compared for their effects on H. glycines hatch, viability and development in laboratory and glasshouse experiments. In the laboratory experiments, root exudates in soil leachates, extracts from fresh plant tissues, and extracts from residues of sunn hemp, red clover and soybean stimulated hatch of second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. glycines. All crops appeared to contain hatch inhibitors as well. There was no apparent effect of the root exudates and extracts from any of the crops on egg viability in vitro. When the H. glycines J2 were exposed to root exudates and extracts for 72 h, only the extracts of fresh plants and plant residue from sunn hemp, red clover and soybean, and the extract of plant residue from oilseed rape reduced viability of J2. In glasshouse experiments, residues of all crops, except Illinois bundleflower, reduced egg population density, with sunn hemp providing the greatest reduction. Residues of sunn hemp, red clover, and perennial ryegrass added to soil reduced the reproduction factor, suggesting the residues not only reduced egg population density but also reduced nematode infectivity. While all crops allowed penetration by J2, minimal development (to third- or fourth-stage juveniles only) occurred only in sunn hemp, red clover, oilseed rape and Illinois bundleflower, and full development occurred only in soybean. The results suggest that sunn hemp and red clover were the most effective rotation crops for managing H. glycines, and that stimulating hatch of H. glycines J2 was the main mechanism involved in reducing the H. glycines population density.
Hopfield models and spin-density waves in metallic spin glasses.

Some parallels are found between the spin-interaction Hamiltonian produced by incipient spin-density waves and the multicomponent Mattis models which give Hopfield associative memories. The approximate criterion found by Feigelman and Ioffe for the crossover from spin glass to ``spoiled helical'' order is seen to follow easily from this analogy. The analogy allows a rather trivial extension of the Feigelman-Ioffe criterion to cases, such as ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$, in which there are multiple but not infinitely multiple spin-density wavelike components together with short-range magnetic order.
Comparative Study Using Computed Tomographic Thin-Section Zoom Reconstructions and Anatomic Macrosections of the Temporal Bone

Thin-section (1.5 mm) high-spatial-resolution computed tomography (CT) in combination with computerized high-resolution image reconstruction is an effective, noninvasive means of studying patients with a variety of temporal bone abnormalities. To determine what degree of definition and anatomic accuracy could currently be obtained by using these techniques, we performed thin-section CT and high-resolution image reconstruction with use of two fresh-frozen cadaver head specimens. We then compared these images with the actual anatomic macrosections subsequently obtained from the specimens. We concluded that high-resolution CT scans of the temporal bone can produce accurate, highly detailed, diagnostic images of the internal auditory canal, vestibule, cochlea, vestibular aqueduct, semicircular canals, ossicles, and middle ear space.
Supersonic Flight Test Of The SIAD-R: Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator for Robotic Missions to Mars

An inflatable supersonic decelerator that enables p ayloads larger than the Mars Science Lab to be delivered to the surface of Mars has been developed. This decelerator, the SIAD- R, underwent a full-scale suborbital supersonic tes t flight in 2014. During that flight, the SIAD-R deployed at roughly Mach 4.1 at a dynamic pressure of 350 Pa. The SIAD-R performed flawlessly throughout this test flight an d has achieved Technology Readiness Level 6. This paper describes the test flight envir onment and the response of the SIAD-R to the test flight environment. Specifically, characte rization of the SIAD-R deployment, the inflation pressure of the SIAD-R, and the aeroelast ic distortion of the SIAD-R were measured and recorded during the flight and are discussed. Notably, the approximate proportionality of SIAD-R aeroelastic distortion to the ratio of dynamic pressure to SIAD-R inflation pressure that had been previously identif ied in subsonic testing was also found to be valid during in this supersonic test flight; this a pproximation allows for extrapolation of the aeroelastic distortion under a dynamic pressure of 2200 Pa even though this dynamic pressure was not achieved during the 2014 test flig ht. This paper also discusses the current design of the SIAD-R, with the emphasis on the inte rfaces to the supersonic test flight vehicle and design updates that have been made to the SIAD-R following the completion of subsonic testing and vacuum chamber inflation testing.
In vitro formation of pyromorphite via reaction of Pb sources with soft-drink phosphoric acid

Abstract Pyromorphite (Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl) is a Pb mineral whose rapid kinetic formation and thermodynamic stability (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37 (1973) 367, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38 (1974) 887) has gained much attention in recent years as a mechanism to diminish Pb toxicity. Our research examined the in vitro formation of pyromorphite ( K sp =10 −25 ) to significantly reduce Pb bioavailability via the reaction of PbCl 2 and Pb paint with cola soft drinks (regular, caffeine-free, and diet) that contain phosphoric acid. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy was employed to identify and quantify the crystal phases. The experiments consisted of a two-phase experimental design to simulate stomach and gastrointestinal (GI) conditions comprised of an initial reaction system (stomach) at pH 2.0 for 1 h at 37 °C and second-phase conditions (GI tract) at pH 7.0 for 5 h at 37 °C. The results showed that available Pb in solution was quickly transformed to pyromorphite by a precipitation mechanism. The PbCl 2 experiments observed over 90% Pb removal from solution within 30 s and nearly all (>93–100%) of the Pb was converted to pyromorphite within 6 h. Similar results were observed in the Pb-paint system in which all of the available Pb initially available in solution was stabilized as pyromorphite within a short reaction period. While approximately 69% of the total Pb in the paint was converted to pyromorphite, there were minimal amounts of Pb in solution. It appeared that the dissolution mechanism allowing Pb in the paint to be released into the cola solution was repressed and was attributed to precipitation of pyromorphite on the surfaces of Pb-paint particles that inhibited further Pb release. The results of this research suggest that the in vivo formation of pyromorphite in children that ingest Pb-contaminated material (soil, dust, paint) with a phosphate source, such as a cola soft drink, may significantly reduce Pb bioavailability and allow passage of the pyromorphite material through the GI tract with minimal Pb absorption into the body.
Ensemble modeling of storm interaction with XSEDE

We applied Teragrid/XSEDE High Performance Computing resources (HPCs) to an ensemble modeling study relating thunderstorm severity to the proximity of nearby storms, using the community Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. In a 3-year period, this work utilized five XSEDE HPCs at three national centers. The greatest challenges were typically data related rather than due to computational capabilities per se. Moving, analyzing and storing multi-TB data sets proved to be challenging, and we identified a need to simultaneously summarize, visualize and also adequately interrogate large data sets. While carrying out our research we also found that our data processing could significantly degrade the response of high-performance parallel file systems.Our presentation will detail our computational workflow, the types of data utilized and generated at each stage, and our experiences working with XSEDE HPCs. We will also discuss some of the long-term challenges we expect to encounter in our numerical research. We note that access to, manipulation of and long-term archival of large data sets remains problematic. Our experiences also suggest a national emphasis on more stable, long-term computational and storage resources could significantly benefit computational science.
Identification of putative endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+CD133+Flk-1+) in endarterectomized tissue of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by a fibrotic thrombus persisting and obliterating the lumen of pulmonary arteries; its pathogenesis remains poorly defined. T...
Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays from Piezoelectrically Oscillating Quartz

Bertsch's investigation of the effect of the different modes and types of piezoelectric oscillations of quartz on the intensity of Laue spots and Bragg reflections necessitates a similar investigation of the effect of the different modes and types of vibration on diffuse scattering. Extending the result found by Jauncey and Deming we find that in all cases the piezoelectric oscillations have no effect on the intensity of the diffuse scattering. Since the diffuse scattering cannot be affected by secondary extinction, it is concluded that the change of intensity of the Laue spots is due to a decrease of secondary extinction in the body of the crystal.
The American "alliance" of health and physical education: scholastic programs and professional organizations, 1920-1950.

From the 1920s through the early 1940s, school-based programs in both health and physical education—mandated by government legislation and hailed by the public—increased in scope and complexity. By 1937, the assumption of the interconnectedness of the two fields was institutionalized in the merger of the American Physical Education Association with the Department of School Health and Physical Education of the National Education Association to form the American Association for Health and Physical Education. This paper focuses on the role of health education, physical education, and public health professionals in the emergence and critique of scholastic health and physical education programs in the first half of the 20th century.
Localization of choriocarcinoma by 131I-βHCG antibody

Abstract A patient is presented who was cured surgically of metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), of high-risk category, after the localization of tumor by radioactive antibody to HCG. The patient was initially treated with hysterectomy and resection of involved bowel; disease recurred, and conventional triple-agent chemotherapy failed, as well as less established multidrug reginens. Rabbit antibody to β-HCG was labeled with 131 I and injected into the patient. Scintigrams localized the metastatic disease, allowing resection and cure. This methodology may offer a potential means of utilizing surgery to cure select patients who have failed triple-agent therapy and whose prognosis is poor if treated conventionally.