cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glass Fiber-Optic Dosimetry

A glass fiber-waveguide dosimeter is described which is particularly well adapted to monitoring radiation over large areas such as cargo holds, waste storage facilities and around reactor and accelerators. The useful range extends below 10 mR to above 10 4R, providing a 10 fold sensitivity increase over conventional glass-block dosimeters. The sensitivity of a lead flint fiber-optic sensing element is discussed and its response due to γ-ray exposure, exposure rate, photon energy, fading and temperature is presented. The response to fast neutrons is compared with that to v rays - Sn/Sγ ~ 0.1 (in rads(tissue)).© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nidogen-1 regulates laminin-1-dependent mammary-specific gene expression

Nidogen-1 (entactin) acts as a bridge between the extracellular matrix molecules laminin-1 and type IV collagen, and thus participates in the assembly of basement membranes. To investigate the role of nidogen-1 in regulating cell-type-specific gene expression in mammary epithelium, we designed a culture microecosystem in which each component, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, lactogenic hormones and extracellular matrix, could be controlled. We found that primary and established mesenchymal and myoepithelial cells synthesized and secreted nidogen-1, whereas expression was absent in primary and established epithelial cells. In an epithelial cell line containing mesenchymal cells, nidogen-1 was produced by the mesenchymal cells but deposited between the epithelial cells. In this mixed culture, mammary epithelial cells express (beta)-casein in the presence of lactogenic hormones. Addition of either laminin-1 plus nidogen-1, or laminin-1 alone, to mammary epithelial cells induced (beta)-casein production. We asked whether recombinant nidogen-1 alone could signal directly for (beta)-casein. Nidogen-1 did not induce (beta)-casein synthesis in epithelial cells, but it augmented the inductive capacity of laminin-1. These data suggest that nidogen-1 can cooperate with laminin-1 to regulate (beta)-casein expression. Addition of full-length nidogen-1 to the mixed cultures had no effect on (beta)-casein gene expression; however, a nidogen-1 fragment containing the laminin-1 binding domain, but lacking the type IV collagen-binding domain, had a dominant negative effect on (beta)-casein expression. These data point to a physiological role for nidogen-1 in the basement membrane-induced gene expression by epithelial cells.
LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF RED-TAILED HAWK NESTING HABITAT IN AN URBAN/SUBURBAN ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT We described urban/suburban Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) nesting habitat and compared nesting habitat to unused habitat based on presence and absence of Red-tailed Hawks. We developed a landscape-scale logistic model of nesting habitat occupancy, then applied it to other locations to determine whether unoccupied patches of Red-tailed Hawk nesting habitat existed in urban locations. Red-tailed Hawk nesting habitat in urban/suburban Milwaukee usually included large areas of grassland and other herbaceous cover types. Urban/suburban Red-tailed Hawk nesting habitat was comprised of more than three times as much grasslands and woodlands, and had greater land-cover diversity and patch richness than unused habitat. Characteristics of unused habitat indicated that Red-tailed Hawks avoided areas of heaviest urbanization, perhaps because of insufficient hunting habitat. The logistic regression model developed from our data demonstrated that suitable, unoccupied nesting habitat existed in this urban ...
Statistical Tests of Power One and the Integral Representation of Solutions of Certain Partial Differential Equations

Replacing a sequence of observations by a Wiener process with drift, we discuss the corresponding results for the theory of tests of power one, in particular with respect to the representation theorem for martingale functions and Widder’s theorem for the heat equation.
Assessment of mass detection using tissue background information as input to a computer-assisted diagnosis scheme

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential application of region conspicuity as an index of difficulty for mass detection using computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) schemes on mammograms and to assess the performance improvement of our own CAD scheme by incorporation of conspicuity as well as other features related to tissue background.
Replacement Pneumococcal Disease in Perspective

Bender et al. [1] describe 33 patients with pneumococcal necrotizing pneumonia who were admitted to Primary Children's Medical Center (Salt Lake City, Utah) from January 2001 through March 2006. One-third of all hospitalized cases of pneumococcal pneumonia in the period after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) were complicated by radiographic evidence of necrosis (evidence of necrotic lung, lung abscess, or pneumatocele), compared with 13% of cases before 2001. This group has also reported an increase in pediatric parapneumonic empyema beginning the same year [2]. The number of cases of parapneumonic empyema among children also increased in Spain and France during the period following the introduction of PCV-7. At Primary Children's Medical Center, 88% of cases of necrotizing pneumonia and 86% of cases of parapneumonic empyema identified from January 2001 through March 2006 were due to nonvaccine serotypes. These reports represent the latest part of the changing ecology of pneumococcal disease in association with the universal vaccination of infants with PCV-7. PCV-7 was introduced in 2000 for universal vaccination of infants 85% of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in North America. Following the introduction of PCV-7, a rapid decrease in the incidence of IPD occurred as a result of the direct effect of vaccination. A decrease in the incidence of IPD in children <5
Airplane-Albatross Collisions on Midway Atoll

The possible results of collisions between aircraft and birds are well knowndeath of human beings and birds, economic loss, and disruption of schedules. On Midway Atoll in the north-central Pacific Ocean, the problem is intensified by the presence of numbers of large birds breeding no more than three quarters of a mile from the runways on Midway's Sand Island, by many heavily loaded military planes, and by the fact that the birds primarily concerned are Laysan Albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis). Perhaps more than a third of the world's population of Laysan Albatrosses breeds on Midway (Rice and Kenyon, 1962:369), and any catastrophe that seriously depleted or eliminated this major segment of their numbers might eventually have serious consequences for the survival of the species. Biologists are thus concerned about the control activities undertaken to alleviate the conflict as well as about the dangers to human life and the economic losses. It is improbable that the airplanes themselves would eliminate the birds, but some of the suggested methods of control might do so if continued in the future. Midway's albatrosses have survived the depredations of feather poachers, the construction activities of war and peace, and even battles. But these acts of destruction of the birds and their habitat have not been continuous; respites for recovery have occurred. The current pressure against the albatross has now been in force for nine years, each year seeing the death toll and habitat destruction increased, purposively or incidentally. It is the purpose of this report to evaluate the controls being used, especially those activities that result in decreases in the populations of the albatrosses and in the destruction of their ancient nesting sites, but not those methods which only frighten the birds away from a part of the island. The latter, however, have been singularly unsuccessful.
Tomato Pinworm: Reduction of Egg Hatch with Insecticides

Fifteen insecticides were evaluated in the laboratory as potential ovicides for control of Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham). In dips of leaves with attached eggs, seven of the insecticides reduced hatch of tomato pinworm eggs at least 75% at normal field use concentrations. After additional testing with serial dilutions, LC50 values were calculated for fenvalerate (0.6 ppm), permethrin (5.7 and 10.4 ppm, respectively, for the 3.2 EC and 2.0 EC formulations), endosulfan (163.9 ppm), sulprofos (329.7 ppm), methomyl (438.2 ppm for the 1.8-liter formulation), and diazinon (783.9 ppm). Early embryonic development apparently was not adversely affected, since treated eggs developed to the black-head stage before mortality occurred.
Application of Electrolyte-NRTL Model for Prediction of the Viscosity of Carbon Dioxide Loaded Aqueous Amine Solutions

A method based on the absolute-rate theory has been used and tested for estimation of the dynamic viscosity of CO2 loaded aqueous solutions of a representative amine: monoethanolamine (MEA). In thi...
Monitoring of Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Tension

The authors studied the analytic and clinical characteristics of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in acutely ill NICU infants. Most infants were premature. The authors used both developmental and commercially available equipment. Monitoring was performed at temperature settings of 44 degrees C. With commercially available equipment, it was found that the least-squares linear regression relationship (r = 0.86, Sy.x = 12.9 torr, n = 100 patients) between transcutaneous PCO2 (y) and arterial PCO2 (x) was: y = -2.8 + (1.86)(x) (in torr). Calibration drift was unacceptably large in about 10% of the 500 monitoring sessions performed. Therefore, the authors conclude that transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring is most appropriate for following short-term trends in PCO2 over a period of one to three hours. Continuous transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring was most useful clinically after extubation when the objectives were careful observation for changes in PCO2 and prevention of reintubation.
Effects of the halothane-sensitivity gene on sarcoplasmic reticulum function

Pigs heterozygous for the halothane-sensitivity gene exhibit a distinct phenotype with regard to both in vivo and in vitro muscle responses to halothane (E. M. Gallant, J. R. Mickelson, B. D. Roggo...
Charleston Medicine 1800–1860

Situation economique et demographique de Charleston au XIX s.| formation de la Medical Society of South Carolina en 1789 et de son College en 1826| les entreprises de formation de medecins, de recherche et de publication a l'interieur de ce College: D. Ramsay (1749-1815), J. Wayner, E. Geddings| le developpement des instituts de medecine et des hopitaux.
Exploring the Effects of Healthcare Students Creating Virtual Patients for Empathy Training

Intelligent virtual agents have been successfully used for interpersonal skills training of healthcare students by enabling simulated interactions between healthcare students and virtual patient agents. However, during these interactions, students do not get the opportunity to take the perspective of the patient. Taking the perspective of the patient is essential for healthcare students to learn critical interpersonal skills like empathy. We propose having healthcare students create virtual patient agents of a particular race to provide them the opportunity to take the perspective of patients from that race, leading to increased empathy during subsequent interactions with patients of that race. We conducted a semester-long user study with 24 healthcare students to explore the effects of having them create virtual patient agents. Results indicate that healthcare students who created and interviewed virtual patients of the same race were significantly more empathetic than students who created virtual patients with a race discordant to the one they interacted with.
What is the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of ovarian cancer

Aggressive cytoreductive surgery followed by aggressive chemotherapy is the standard of care for advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients, among whom the greatest survival benefit is seen in those with no gross disease left after the initial surgical cytoreduction. Since this represents only 23% of stage III patients and 8% of stage IV patients, alternative strategies for patients who do not appear to be surgically cytoreducible to no macroscopic residual disease need to be identified. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which may offer a variety of benefits in this population, is one such strategy that is being evaluated in prospective randomized trials. This article reviews the current status of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the management of women with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
Evidence for voltage-sensitive, calcium-conducting channels in airway epithelial cells

In airways epithelial cultures, mechanical stimulation induces intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes by causing Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ release. Mechanically induced Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane are blocked by Ni2+ (Boitano, S., M. J. Sanderson, and E. R. Dirksen. J. Cell. Sci. 107: 3037-3044, 1994). In this report we use fluorescence imaging microscopy with fura 2 and intracellular recording of the transmembrane potential to further characterize Ca2+ flux in the plasma membrane of these cells. Mechanically induced Ca2+ influx is blocked by nifedipine. Addition of the dihydropyridine agonist BAY K8644 (2 microM) leads to a delayed increase of [Ca2+]i that is dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Switching to high extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) causes depolarization of the plasma membrane and a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. The number of cells that respond to high [K+]o is significantly decreased by Ni2+ (1 mM) or nifedipine (10 microM). Mechanical stimulation causes a rapid depolarization of the stimulated cell that can be suppressed by the K+ ionophore valinomycin. Valinomycin treatment also blocks mechanically induced Ca2+ dux. These results suggest that voltage-sensitive Ca(2+)-conducting channels exist in airway epithelial cells, and these channels contribute to the [Ca2+]i changes observed after mechanical stimulation or depolarization of the plasma membrane.
The Mating Behavior of an Undescribed Species of Rhamphomyia (Diptera: Empididae)

An undescribed sex-role reversed species of an empidid fly in the genus Rhamphomyia exhibits several unusual behavioral features including the early morning and early evening formation of female swarms low in open woodlands, high in treetops, and over grassy hayfields. These swarms only last between 1 and 2 h each and are composed of females with highly ornamented legs that they hold around their narrow abdomens, which they do not inflate in the manner of R. longicauda and some other members of the genus. Males visit the swarms carrying small insects as nuptial gifts that they transfer to the partners they choose as do males of some other sex-role reversed empidids.
Examining Systematic Crime Reporting Bias Across Three Immigrant Generations: Prevalence, Trends, and Divergence in Self-Reported and Official Reported Arrests

Mounting evidence reveals that foreign-born, first generation immigrants have significantly lower levels of criminal involvement compared to their US-born, second and third-plus generation peers. This study investigates whether this finding is influenced by differential crime reporting practices by testing for systematic crime reporting bias across first, second, and third-plus generation immigrants. This study draws on data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, a longitudinal investigation of the transition from adolescence to young adulthood among a sample of serious adolescent offenders. Self-reported and official reports of arrest are compared longitudinally across ten waves of data spanning 7 years from adolescence into young adulthood for nearly 1300 adjudicated males and females. This study reveals a high degree of correspondence between self-reports of arrest and official reports of arrest when compared within groups distinguished by immigrant generation. Longitudinal patterns of divergence, disaggregated by under-reporting and over-reporting, in self- and official-reports of arrest indicated a very high degree of similarity regardless of immigrant generation. We found no evidence of systematic crime reporting bias among foreign-born, first generation immigrants compared to their US-born peers. First generation immigrants are characterized by lower levels of offending that are not attributable to a differential tendency to under-report their involvement in crime.
The End of the Search

Philosophy as a Preparation for Death: The title of this section says it all. Based on Plato’s dialogue in the Phaedo.
Stabilization and Monetary Reform in Latin America

Latin America does everything in extremes. In the past decade, many countries in Latin America have gone from the most dismal financial performance including hyperinflation and default to macroeconomic stabilization and institution building, financial opening and record returns to investors1. In some countries, notably Chile, the agenda has been completed: institutions, consensus, and a remarkable growth performance create a background that is likely to stand up. Other countries have gone some of the way — Mexico and Argentina, for example, but have left serious problems to be dealt with later. These include, specifically, very low rates of investment and crass overvaluation of their currencies. Finally, in Brazil reform has not even started.
E8 Trunk sway relates to gait and mobility measures and provides insight into increased fall risk in younger individuals with huntington’s disease

Background Individuals with HD develop postural instability and gait deviations with concurrent loss of function. While trunk sway is a prominent symptom of HD, little is known about its impact on functional task performance. Aims We explored the relationship among trunk sway during static and dynamic tasks and measures of gait, mobility, and falls. Methods Forty individuals with HD (mean age = 52.05 ± 10.09, Total Functional Capacity score = 7.32 ± 3.48) participated. Trunk (thoracic and pelvic) angular excursions in sitting, standing and walking (measured with smartphone application), gait (GAITRite), mobility (Tinetti mobility test (TMT)) and falls in past week were assessed. Results Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that total pelvic anterior-posterior (AP) excursion in sitting explained 41.5% of the variance of UHDRS motor scores (p Conclusions Trunk sway measures help explain impairments in gait, mobility and falls in individuals with HD, and may represent a novel rehabilitation intervention in HD.
Survival in Follicular Lymphoma: The Stanford Experience, 1960–2003.

Background: Recent data from retrospective and prospective studies indicate an improvement in the overall survival (OS) of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients (pt). We sought to evaluate survival data in FL pt managed at our institution and to analyze their presenting features, management and disease course. Methods: Previously untreated FL (grades 1 and 2) pt referred from 1960–2003 and followed at Stanford were identified from the Lymphoma Database for this retrospective study. Data were reviewed for quality and consistency of coding for histology (pathology reviewed at Stanford) and treatment courses. Four eras were defined by date of diagnosis 1 (1960–75, n=180); 2 (1976–86, n=426); 3 (1987–96, n=471); and 4 (1997–2003, n=257). Patient (age, gender) and disease (stage, histology) characteristics, management (time from diagnosis to referral, time to first treatment, courses/types of treatment), and outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS], OS, transformation) were evaluated, overall and with respect to era. Results: The OS for the 1334 FL pt in the dataset was 12.6 years (yr). Age (median = 49 yr), gender (54% male) and stage (83% III-IV) did not differ across the eras. Median OS improved from 11.2 yr [95% CI 10.2,12.1] in eras 1 and 2 (1960–86) to 18.4 yr [95% CI 14.5,22.4] in eras 3 and 4 (1986–2003), p Conclusions: OS of patients with FL managed at Stanford University significantly improved in the 1986–2003 eras, particularly among younger and advanced stage patients. This improvement was not associated with longer PFS after the first course of treatment or differences in the incidence of histologic transformation. Application of a time-variant Cox regression model is in progress to better understand the contributions of treatment, particularly rituximab, as well as other factors in these patients.
Task-Layer Multiplicity as a Measure of Community Level Health

The insights of many disciplines, and of commonsense, about individual-level well-being might be strengthened by a shift in focus to community-level well-being in a way that respects belief systems as well as the power of each individual. We start with the jargon of complex systems and the possibility that a small number of broken symmetries, marked by the edges of a hierarchical series of physical subsystem types, underlie the delicate correlation-based complexity of life on our planet’s surface. We show that an information-theory-inspired model of attention-focus on correlation layers, which looks in/out from the boundaries of skin, family, and culture, predicts that behaviorally diverse communities may tend toward a characteristic task-layer multiplicity per individual of only e29/20≅ 4.26 of the six correlation layers that comprise that community. This behavioral measure of opportunity may help us to (i) go beyond GDP in quantifying the impact of policy changes and disasters, (ii) manage electronic idea-streams in ways that strengthen community networks, and (iii) leverage our paleolithic shortcomings toward the enhancement of community-level task-layer diversity. Empirical methods for acquiring task-layer multiplicity data are in their infancy, although for human communities a great deal of potential lies in the analysis of web searches and asynchronous experience sampling similar to that used by “flu near you.”
Treatment Trends in Older Adults With Midshaft Clavicle Fractures.

Purpose We present a retrospective administrative claims database review examining the effect of recent literature supporting surgical clavicle fixation in a primarily young male population, on the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures in patients older than 65 years. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no change in trends in surgical fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures in patients older than 65 years. Secondary analysis examined overall trends and trends based on sex. Methods Data from 2007 to 2012 were extracted using the Medicare Standard Analytic File and Humana administrative claim databases contained within the PearlDiver Patient Records Database. Patients with clavicle shaft fractures and their treatments were identified by International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes. The primary response variable was the proportion of surgical to nonsurgical cases per year, and explanatory variables included age and sex. Data were analyzed using a trend in proportions test with significance set at P less than .05. Results A total of 32,929 patients with clavicle shaft fractures were identified. During the study period, the proportion of clavicle shaft fractures treated surgically in patients older than 65 years (2.4%–4.6%) and younger than 65 years (11.2%–16.4%) showed a significant increasing trend. When analyzed by both sex and age, there was also an increasing trend in the proportion of surgically treated males in the older than 65 years (3.3%–6.2%) and the younger than 65 years groups (10.9%–19.5%). Lastly, there was an increase in the proportion of surgically treated females older than 65 years (1.7%–3.4%) and younger than 65 years (12.1%–14.3%). Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates an overall increase in the proportion of surgically treated clavicle shaft fractures, including in the male and female population older than 65 years. In the setting of an aging population, future research evaluating possible benefits of surgical intervention in this population is needed prior to adopting this practice pattern. Type of study/level of evidence II.
Rock typing in the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford Shale Formation, Oklahoma, USA

AbstractMost U.S. shale plays are spatially extensive with regions of different thermal maturity and varying production prospects. With increasing understanding of the heterogeneity, microstructure, and anisotropy of shales, efforts are now directed to identifying the sweet spots and optimum completion zones in any shale play. Rock typing is a step in this direction. We have developed an integrated workflow for rock typing using laboratory-petrophysical measurements on core samples and well logs. A total of seven wells with core data were considered for rock typing in the Woodford Shale. The integrated workflow has been applied in the Woodford Shale in a series of steps. In the first step, unsupervised clustering algorithms such as K-means and self-organizing maps were used to define the rock types. Rock type 1 is generally characterized by high porosity and total organic carbon (TOC). Rock type 2 had intermediate values of porosity and TOC and thus, moderate source potential and storage. Rock type 3 had ...
Early Assessment of Burn Depth with Far Infrared Time-Lapse Thermography.

Background Diagnosing the extremes of superficial burns and full-thickness burns is straightforward. It is in the middle ground of partial-thickness burns where the diagnostic difficulties emerge; it can take up to 3 to 5 days for signs of healing to appear. We hypothesize that cooling partial-thickness burns and tracking the rate of rewarming will immediately reflect the condition of the burn: shallow partial-thickness burns that retain cell health and blood flow will rewarm rapidly, and deeper burns with damaged microvessels will rewarm slowly. Study Design We enrolled 16 patients with isolated, partial-thickness burns on their extremities who were diagnosed as indeterminate by our burn surgeon. Within 24 hours after presentation, room-temperature saline was poured over the burn as a cooling challenge. An infrared camera that was sensitive to body temperature produced false-color images showing pixel-by-pixel temperatures. A time-lapse recording from the infrared camera images taken as the burn rewarmed produced a time-temperature curve that reflected the kinetics of rewarming. The outcomes variable was whether or not the patient received a skin graft, which was determined 72 hours after presentation. Results The method correctly predicted whether or not the patient required a skin graft. Conclusions Here we report a new technique that permits determination of wound viability much earlier than clinical examination. Due to the simplicity of the method, non-experts can successfully perform the technique on the first day of the burn and make the correct diagnosis and decision to graft or not to graft.
Potential Novel Approaches to Understand the Pathogenesis and Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

There is growing genetic and proteomic data highlighting the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Greater use of unbiased "omics" approaches is being increasingly recognized as essential for the future development of effective AD research, that need to better reflect the multiple distinct pathway abnormalities that can drive AD pathology. The track record of success in AD clinical trials thus far has been very poor. In part, this high failure rate has been related to the premature translation of highly successful results in animal models that mirror only limited aspects of AD pathology to humans. We highlight our recent efforts to increase use of human tissue to gain a better understanding of the AD pathogenesis subtype variety and to develop several distinct therapeutic approaches tailored to address this diversity. These therapeutic approaches include the blocking of the Aβ/apoE interaction, stimulation of innate immunity, and the simultaneous blocking of Aβ/tau oligomer toxicity. We believe that future successful therapeutic approaches will need to be combined to better reflect the complexity of the abnormal pathways triggered in AD pathogenesis.
Dynamic Political Attitudes in Partisan Context

In this chapter we examine individual-level shifts in attitudes toward immigrants, government spending and the environment over sixteen years in Switzerland. We approach this inquiry with an eye toward the role of political parties in shaping people’s views on politically salient topics. We identify a great deal of year-to-year change in people’s views on these three issues, though they have stabilized significantly in recent years. We also find that individuals’ partisan leanings shape their stances on key issues over time and that this effect is strongest for young people’s views on immigration. This chapter contributes to our understanding of change and stability in Swiss politics and also adds to what we know about attitude development among democratic citizens.
Transparency and Predictive Power

Complex classification models like neural networks usually have lower errors than simple models. They often have very many interdependent parameters, whose effects no longer can be understood by the user. For many applications, especially in the financial industry, it is vital to understand the reasons why a classification model arrives at a specific decision. We propose to use the full model for the classification and explain its predictive distribution by an explanation model capturing its main functionality. For a real world credit scoring application we investigate a spectrum of explanation models of different type and complexity.
COMPARATIVE HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF RABBIT SKELETAL AND BOVINE CARDIAC TROPONIN C AND BOVINE BRAIN CALMODULIN

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the comparative hydrodynamic properties of rabbit skeletal, bovine cardiac troponin C (CTnC) and bovine brain calmodulin (CaM). The crystallographic structures of avain skeletal troponin C (STnC) and calmodulin were derived from crystals grown at pH 5 and 5.6, respectively. The hydrodynamic properties of STnC, bovine cardiac TnC and bovine brain CaM were investigated at several pH's. Ultracentrifugation studies were performed at 20°C on a Beckman Spinco Model E analytical ultracentrifuge equipped with an RTIC temperature-control unit. Kel-F or charcoal-filled centerpieces and quartz window were used for all experiments. Molecular weights were measured by low-speed (16 K or 20 K rpm) sedimentation equilibrium with a photoelectric scanner. Double-sector centerpieces (12 mm, 2.5°) were used in these experiments. Equilibrium traces were recorded after 20–24 hours until no further change was observed. The results suggested that STnC dimerizes at pH 5.2, whereas CTnC does not readily aggregate under the same condition. CaM has some aggregation at pH 5.2.
Quasiparticle scattering in Fermi fluids

The scattering of quasiparticles in a normal Fermi fluid is analyzed within the framework of Landau's kinetic theory, and a generalized Bethe-Salpeter equation for the scattering amplitude is derived. This integral equation accounts for both large and small momentum and energy transfers ; in the forward-scattering limit it reduces to Landau's well-known equation. An explicit expression for the scattering probability is also derived. An off-diagonal generalization of the quasiparticle interaction function f is introduced and its calculation from microscopic theory is discussed. The results are applied to an explicit calculation of the scattering amplitude in a dilute hard-sphere Fermi gas, to second order in the scattering-length parameter kFas, and the calculation is shown to be consistent with symmetry requirements for the scattering of fermions.
Metropolitan Telecommunications Policy

In implementing its mandate for telecommunications deregulation the Federal Communications Commission has virtually ignored an important set of telecommunications issues affecting local governments and their suburban and urban constituencies. This paper reviews the very circumscribed role provided for local public sector involvement in telecommunications issues in the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and suggests that role is an insufficient predicate for state and local governments to address telecommunications governance issues that cannot be effectively addressed through centralized FCC policy: e.g., urban and suburban telecommunications infrastructure governance; open access issues; planning for universal broadband service across metropolitan areas; metropolitan approaches to the digital divide and the "E" Rate; development of community networks; regional economic competitiveness; urban network security, and digital governance policies. A hypothetical Metropolitan Telecommunications Organization (MTO) is proposed as public-private vehicle to promote local public and community values in telecommunications policy in these subjects as counterweight to the exclusive pursuit of competitive corporate interests that today determine the location, timing and availability of access to broadband services in metropolitan regions. These public values include affordable open access, equal access and universal service policies in the emerging telecommunications networks in metropolitan areas, as well as local public sector options for inducing private sector coordination with public sector initiatives in developing regional, metropolitan or large city institutional infrastructures for high speed high capacity telecommunications for the public sector and for the public at large.
Evaluation of nutrient stoichiometric relationships amongst ecosystem compartments of a subtropical treatment wetland. Fine-scale analysis of wetland nutrient stoichiometry

Background: Evaluation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) ratios in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems can advance our understanding of biological processes, nutrient cycling and the fate of organic matter (OM). Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems can upset the accumulation and decomposition of OM which serves as the base of the aquatic food web. This study investigated nutrient stoichiometry within and between wetland ecosystem compartments of two treatment flow-ways (FWs) in the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas located in south Florida (USA). These FWs include an emergent aquatic vegetation FW dominated by Typha spp.(cattail) and a submerged aquatic vegetation FW composed of species such as Chara spp. (muskgrass) and Potamogeton spp. (pondweed). Results: This study demonstrates that C, N, and P stoichiometry can be highly variable within and between wetland ecosystem compartments influenced largely by biota. Generally, total P declined along the length of each treatment FW in all ecosystem compartments, whereas trends in total N and C trends were more variable. These changes in C and nutrient concentrations results in variable nutrient stoichiometry along treatment FWs signaling potential changes in nutrient availability and biogeochemical processes. Conclusions: Assessment of wetland nutrient stoichiometry between and within ecosystem compartments suggest decoupling of OM decomposition from nutrient mineralization which may have considerable influence on nutrient removal rates and contrasting dominate vegetation communities. Moreover, based on these OM dynamics and nutrient stoichiometric relationships differences food webs structure and composition could vary between systems resulting in variable feedback cycles related to nutrient cycling. Therefore, this information could be used to further understand water treatment performance and adaptively manage these constructed wetlands.
“Gay Is Good”: Digital collections in LGBTQ U.S. History

June 28, 2019, was the 50th anniversary of the first day of the Stonewall Uprising. In the early morning hours, a series of spontaneous protests began at the Stonewall Inn following a police raid. Just over one year later, on July 1, 1970, librarian Israel Fishman organized the first meeting of the ALA Task Force on Gay Liberation at the ALA Annual Conference in Detroit. A few months later, activist Barbara Gittings, created the organization’s first “Gay Bibliography,” complete with the “Gay Is Good” slogan she adopted from her friend, Washington, D.C. activist, Franklin Kameny. She distributed 3,000 copies at the ALA Annual Conference in 1971. Gittings knew from experience the challenges of researching the history of sexual minorities.
What motivates patients and caregivers to engage in health research and how engagement affects their lives: Qualitative survey findings.

Background US research organizations increasingly are supporting patient and stakeholder engagement in health research with a goal of producing more useful, relevant and patient-centered evidence better aligned with real-world clinical needs. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) engages patients, family caregivers and other health-care stakeholders, including clinicians, payers and policymakers, as active partners in prioritizing, designing, conducting and disseminating research as a key strategy to produce useful evidence for health-care decision making. Objective To inform effective engagement practices and policies, we sought to understand what motivates patients and caregivers to engage as partners on PCORI-funded research projects and how such engagement changed their lives. Methods We conducted thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses from 255 patients, family caregivers and individuals from advocacy and community-based organizations who engaged as partners on 139 PCORI-funded research projects focusing on a range of health conditions. Results Partners' motivations for engaging in research were oriented primarily towards benefiting others, including a desire to improve patients' lives and to support effective health-care interventions. In addition to feeling they made a positive difference, many partners reported direct benefits from engagement, such as new relationships and improved health habits. Discussion and conclusions By identifying patient and caregiver motivations for engaging in research partnerships and what they get out of the experience, our study may help research teams and organizations attract partners and foster more satisfying and sustainable partnerships. Our findings also add to evidence that engagement benefits the people involved as partners, strengthening the case for more widespread engagement.
[AG434] Estimating Herbage Mass on Pastures to Adjust Stocking Rate

This new 6-page document explains methods to measure forage mass and utilize that information to estimate an adequate stocking rate. Written by Jose Dubeux, Marcelo Wallau, Joao Vendramini, Liliane Silva, Jane Griffin, Nicolas DiLorenzo, and Erick Santos, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, June 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag434
Prevalence and Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism After Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy

Objective To describe incidence and variables associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Methods A retrospective review of the prospectively maintained departmental database was performed. Extended thromboprophylaxis (for 4 weeks postoperatively) was implemented November 2017. Patients were divided into VTE (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and/or pulmonary embolism [PE]) and non-VTE groups. Baseline demographics, disease characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess trends of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with VTE. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to depict recurrence free survival (RFS), disease specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Results Twenty nine patients (5%) developed VTE (14 developed DVT and 15 developed PE). Median time to DVT was 28 days and to PE was 23 days after RARC. The rate of VTE remained stable between 2005 and 2020 (P= .99). Patients who developed VTE had significantly higher BMI (31 vs 29, P = .04), had COPD more often (34% vs 14%, P Conclusion VTE remains a significant complication after RARC. Higher BMI, COPD, and non-organ confined disease were significantly associated with VTE.
Public service and good governance for the twenty-first century: edited by James Perry, Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020, 312 pp., $69.95 (cloth), ISBN: 978-0812252040

Paul A. Volcker, the esteemed leader of The National Commission on the Public Service (2013 Volcker Commission) opens the book with a brief note about how we must remain vigilant in our efforts to ...
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome

Objective To develop evidence-informed, expert consensus research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the clinical disorder associated with neuropathologically diagnosed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Methods A panel of 20 expert clinician-scientists in neurology, neuropsychology, psychiatry, neurosurgery, and physical medicine and rehabilitation, from 11 academic institutions, participated in a modified Delphi procedure to achieve consensus, initiated at the First National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Consensus Workshop to Define the Diagnostic Criteria for TES, April, 2019. Before consensus, panelists reviewed evidence from all published cases of CTE with neuropathologic confirmation, and they examined the predictive validity data on clinical features in relation to CTE pathology from a large clinicopathologic study (n = 298). Results Consensus was achieved in 4 rounds of the Delphi procedure. Diagnosis of TES requires (1) substantial exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHIs) from contact sports, military service, or other causes; (2) core clinical features of cognitive impairment (in episodic memory and/or executive functioning) and/or neurobehavioral dysregulation; (3) a progressive course; and (4) that the clinical features are not fully accounted for by any other neurologic, psychiatric, or medical conditions. For those meeting criteria for TES, functional dependence is graded on 5 levels, ranging from independent to severe dementia. A provisional level of certainty for CTE pathology is determined based on specific RHI exposure thresholds, core clinical features, functional status, and additional supportive features, including delayed onset, motor signs, and psychiatric features. Conclusions New consensus diagnostic criteria for TES were developed with a primary goal of facilitating future CTE research. These criteria will be revised as updated clinical and pathologic information and in vivo biomarkers become available.
Risk and Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Late Lower Cranial Neuropathy in Long-term Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survivors

Importance Lower cranial neuropathy (LCNP) is a rare, but permanent, late effect of radiotherapy and other cancer therapies. Lower cranial neuropathy is associated with excess cancer-related symptoms and worse swallowing-related quality of life. Few studies have investigated risk and clinical factors associated with late LCNP among patients with long-term survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC survivors). Objective To estimate the cumulative incidence of and identify clinical factors associated with late LCNP among long-term OPSCC survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-institution cohort study included disease-free adult OPSCC survivors who completed curative treatment from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013. Exclusion criteria consisted of baseline LCNP, recurrent head and neck cancer, treatment at other institutions, death, and a second primary, persistent, or recurrent malignant neoplasm of the head and neck less than 3 months after treatment. Median survival of OPSCC among the 2021 eligible patients was 6.8 (range, 0.3-18.4) years. Data were analyzed from October 12, 2019, to November 13, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Late LCNP events were defined by neuropathy of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and/or hypoglossal cranial nerves at least 3 months after cancer therapy. Cumulative incidence of LCNP was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fit. Results Among the 2021 OPSCC survivors included in the analysis of this cohort study (1740 [86.1%] male; median age, 56 [range, 28-86] years), 88 (4.4%) were diagnosed with late LCNP, with median time to LCNP of 5.4 (range, 0.3-14.1) years after treatment. Cumulative incidence of LCNP was 0.024 (95% CI, 0.017-0.032) at 5 years, 0.061 (95% CI, 0.048-0.078) at 10 years, and 0.098 (95% CI, 0.075-0.128) at 15 years of follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression identified T4 vs T1 classification (hazard ratio [HR], 3.82; 95% CI, 1.85-7.86) and accelerated vs standard radiotherapy fractionation (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.34-3.45) as independently associated with late LCNP status, after adjustment. Among the subgroup of 1986 patients with nonsurgical treatment, induction chemotherapy regimens including combined docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF) (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.35-4.67) and TPF with cetuximab (HR, 5.80; 95% CI, 1.74-19.35) along with T classification and accelerated radiotherapy fractionation were associated with late LCNP status after adjustment. Conclusions and Relevance This single-institution cohort study found that, although rare in the population overall, cumulative risk of late LCNP progressed to 10% during the survivors’ lifetime. As expected, clinical factors associated with LCNP primarily reflected greater tumor burden and treatment intensity. Further efforts are necessary to investigate risk-reduction strategies as well as surveillance and management strategies for this disabling late effect of cancer treatment.
Some Ocean Model Fundamentals

The purpose of these lectures is to present elements of the equations and algorithms used in numerical models of the large-scale ocean circulation. Such models generally integrate the ocean’s primitive equations, which are based on Newton’s Laws applied to a continuum fluid under hydrostatic balance in a spherical geometry, along with linear irreversible thermodynamics and subgrid scale (SGS) parameterizations. During formulations of both the kinematics and dynamics, we highlight issues related to the use of a generalized vertical coordinate. The vertical coordinate is arguably the most critical element determining how a model is designed and applications to which a model is of use.
An Iterative Algorithm Combining Model Reduction and Control Design

A design strategy which integrates model reduction by modal cost analysis and a multi-objective controller design is proposed The necessary modeling and control algorithms are easily programmed in Matlab standard software. Hence, this method is very practical for controller design for large space structures. The design algorithm also presents a solution for the very important problem of "tuning" multiple loop controllers (MIMO). In stead of the single change that is used in standard Root Locus and gain and phase margin theories, the new method tunes multiple loop controllers from "low" to "high" gain in a systematic way in the design procedure. This design strategy is applied to NASA's Mini-Mast system at Langley Research Center.
Detecting errors within a corpus using anomaly detection

We present a method for automatically detecting errors in a manually marked corpus using anomaly detection. Anomaly detection is a method for determining which elements of a large data set do not conform to the whole. This method fits a probability distribution over the data and applies a statistical test to detect anomalous elements. In the corpus error detection problem, anomalous elements are typically marking errors. We present the results of applying this method to the tagged portion of the Penn Treebank corpus.