cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure: It's Not Just for Men

Heart failure is end-stage cardiac disease, developing in 46% of women within 6 years of having a myocardial infarction, and is the leading cause of all hospitalizations and readmissions in women over the age of 65 years. Since women present with atypical symptoms leading to inaccurate diagnosing of heart disease, education becomes a key component in increasing women's ability to self-manage heart failure symptoms and to become proactive in health-promoting behaviors. Health care providers are responsible for communicating discharge education including risk factors, causes, classification and staging, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and management of heart failure to assist women in managing this terminal disease and improving their quality of life.
Control of Foot Trajectory in Biped Robots

Exoskeletons with pre-programmed gait patterns, though a great help to spinal cord injured patients with paraplegia, exhibit a limitation in their inability to carry out user-intended foot movements. This project aims to overcome this limitation by building an interface to allow the user to control the trajectory of the robotic feet in real time. The interface consists of index and middle fingers simulating foot movements that are translated into movements of the feet of the biped robots in the sagittal plane. The finger movements represent the ankle trajectories and are converted to angular trajectories of robotic feet with 2-degrees of freedom using an inverse kinematics model.
Intra-abdominal patterns of disease dissemination in colorectal cancer identified using radioimmunoguided surgery.

PURPOSE: Patterns of metastatic spread are difficult to determine with routine postoperative follow-up. This study was undertaken to evaluate two selected populations of colorectal cancer patients injected and screened with antitumor antibody. METHODS: Eighty-six evaluable patients with colorectal cancer underwent exploratory laparotomy with both traditional surgical exploration and radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) following injection of125I-labeled CC49 monoclonal antibody. RIGS-positive tissue detectable with a handheld gamma-detecting probe was defined as tissue involved with the disease process. Comparisons were made between extent of disease using traditional exploration and extent using RIGS. RESULTS: In 41 patients with primary disease, traditional exploration detected 45 sites of disease (1.1 sites/patient) compared with 153 RIGS-positive sites (3.7 sites/patient). In 45 patients with recurrent disease, traditional exploration found 116 sites (2.6 sites/patient)vs. 184 RIGS-positive sites (4.1 sites/patient). Involvement by selected anatomic sites is shown below. Site PrimaryTraditional(%) (n = 41)RIGS(%) RecurrentTraditional(%) (n = 45)RIGS(%) Liver 9 (22) 9 (22) 29 (64) 29 (64) Gastrohepatic ligament 4 (10) 28 (68) 8 (18) 30 (67) Celiac 2 (5) 20 (49) 5 (11) 22 (49) Retroperitoneal 2 (5) 14 (34) 4 (9) 5 (11) Small bowel mesentery 3 (7) 15 (37) 11 (24) 13 (29) Pelvis 6 (15) 15 (37) 19 (42) 22 (49) RIGS = radioimmunoguided surgery.
Measurement of the 183 keV resonance in O17(p,α)N14 using a novel technique

We have developed a novel technique for measurements of low-energy $(p,\ensuremath{\alpha})$ reactions using heavy-ion beams and a differentially pumped windowless gas target. We applied this new approach to study the 183 keV resonance in the $^{17}\mathrm{O}$($p,\ensuremath{\alpha}$)$^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reaction. We report a (center-of-mass) resonance energy of ${E}_{r}=183.5\genfrac{}{}{0}{}{+0.1}{\ensuremath{-}0.4}$ keV and a resonance strength of $\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{p\ensuremath{\alpha}}=(1.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)$ meV, and we set an upper limit (95% confidence) on the total width of the state of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}l0.1$ keV. This resonance is important for the $^{17}\mathrm{O}$($p,\ensuremath{\alpha}$)$^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reaction rate, and we find that $^{18}\mathrm{F}$ production is significantly decreased in low-mass ONeMg novae but less affected in more energetic novae. We also report the first determination of the stopping power for oxygen ions in hydrogen gas near the peak of the Bragg curve ($E=193$ keV/u) to be $(63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ eV cm${}^{2}$.
Low-level language constructs considered harmful for distributed parallel programming

Low-level language constructs used for expressing explicit communication, concurrency, synchronization, and parallelism in distributed systems for parallel processing are considered harmful. We are providing a programming model to support implicit communication, concurrency, synchronization, and parallelism in systems through an implicit coordination-oriented approach. A 4-layered interconnection architecture will be implemented to facilitate programming in an integrated manner. The implicit coordination-oriented approach to supporting parallel programming provides a number of benefits. Without inserting the low-level language constructs in an unstructured manner in programs makes the programs modular. Modularity improves the maintainability of the programs. Our approach supports the portability of programs by allowing the programs in different programming languages to be executed in any general programming environment without modifications.
Poly-Si thin films by metal-induced growth for photovoltaic applications

Abstract Poly-Si films were produced using a metal-induced growth technique by sputtering from an n-type Si target onto a 50 nm thick Co seed-layer at 625°C. Silicon grew heteroepitaxially on the CoSi 2 layer formed due to the reaction between the sputtered Si atoms and Co at the beginning stage of deposition. A 5 μm thick Si film with grain features up to 1 μm was produced on the thin and flexible tungsten substrate by using a two-step sputtering method. The films also have a natural texture structure on the surface that is strongly recommended in thin-film solar cells in order to obtain high current density by increasing incident light trapping. After post-sputtering annealing at 700°C, the measured minority carrier lifetime for poly-Si film was 1.33 μs which shows the film to be suitable for photovoltaic applications. To explore the photovoltaic applications by using MIG poly-Si films, Au/n-Si Schottky photodiodes were fabricated due to the process simplicity. The effects of different parameters, which include film doping density, active-layer thickness, Si film surface conditions and hydrogenation, were studied. It was found that with the increasing of doping density, the open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) increased while short-circuit current density ( J sc ) decreased. Increasing the poly-Si active-layer thickness tended to improve the light absorption with an increased J sc , but the V oc was decreased due to a higher value of reverse saturation current. Because the metal/semiconductor interface condition facilitates the carrier transport in Schottky devices, the earlier study of modifying the Si surface by polishing showed an improved V oc . The overall photo response was further improved by plasma hydrogenation.
A "midinfrared" scenario for cuprate superconductivity.

I conjecture that the mechanism of supercon- ductivity in the cuprates is a saving, due to the improved screening resulting from Cooper pair formation, of the part of the Coulomb energy associated with long wavelengths and midin- frared frequencies. This scenario is shown to provide a plausible explanation of the trend of transition temperature with layering structure in the Ca-spaced compounds and to predict a spectac- ularly large decrease in the electron-energy-loss spectroscopy cross-section in the midinfrared region on transition to the superconducting state, as well as less spectacular but still surprisingly large changes in the optical behavior. Existing experimental results appear to be consistent with this picture.
Enzyme induction by moricizine : time course and extent in healthy subjects

Moricizine · HCl, a novel phenothiazine derivative with oral antiarrhythmic activity, was examined for its potential to induce its own hepatic metabolism and to alter the pharmacokinetics of the test substrate, antipyrine, in 12 healthy male subjects. Antipyrine oral clearance increased from a starting value of .74 mL/minute/kg to .98 (+32%, P < .01) after 7 days of moricizine administration (250 mg every 8 hours) and to 1.15 mL/minute/kg after 14 days (+47%, P < .05); t1/2 was correspondingly reduced. Moricizine oral clearance increased from a baseline of 3.01 L/hour/kg to 3.62 (+20%, P < .05) after 6 days of oral moricizine and 4.66 (+51%, not significant) after 13 days. Moricizine t1/2 was marginally, but consistently, increased (+23%, P < .05) instead of decreased as one would expect because of enzyme induction, presumably due to a decrease in systemic bioavailability and its influence on the oral volume of distribution. In half of the subjects who discontinued moricizine after 7 days, antipyrine pharmacokinetic values returned to near baseline 7 days later. Although moricizine was able to induce its own hepatic metabolism and that of antipyrine after 6 or 7 days of continuous administration, the electrocardiographic properties of moricizine did not appear to be altered by continuous dosing.
Instrumental Competence, Self‐Efficacy, Linguistic Minorities, and Cultural Therapy: A Preliminary Attempt at Integration

Concepts centering on the self and its adaptations to academic success and failure are related to each other and to "cultural therapy." Self-efficacy, as drawn from recent work in academic psychology, and instrumental competence, as drawn from the Spindlers' model of instrumental relations are identified as similar, but with the latter stressing more the culturally required performance aspect and less the inner-oriented self aspect. The adaptations of the Menominee Indians to the confrontation with mainstream culture are hypothesized as similar to those performed by linguistic minorities, as they strive for self-esteem in unfavorable academic contexts. SELF, SELF-EFFICACY, INSTRUMENTAL COMPETENCE, LINGUISTIC MINORITIES, ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES, CULTURAL THERAPY, SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
Galanin-like peptide as a link in the integration of metabolism and reproduction

The arcuate nucleus is a hypothalamic center that couples energetics and reproduction. Peptide-releasing neurons in the arcuate nucleus receive and process humoral signals from the periphery and relay this information to other nuclei in the hypothalamus and preoptic area. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the arcuate nucleus, and GALP-containing neurons are targets for the action of leptin. GALP-containing neurons are closely apposed to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the preoptic area, and CNS injections of GALP stimulate GnRH-mediated secretion of luteinizing hormone. These observations indicate that GALP is a molecular signal that couples circulating indices of metabolism to the neuroendocrine reproductive system and, thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state. In this article, we describe the involvement of GALP in metabolism and reproduction, and in the coupling between these two processes.
Intraoperative Staging and Surgical Management of Stage IIIA/N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Thorough staging of the mediastinum is an integral component of the operative treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer. Systematic sampling and systematic lymph node dissection provide similar and accurate staging information; however, systematic lymph node dissection is more likely to identify multiple levels of N2 disease and may be associated with improved survival. Although every effort should be made to identify N2 disease before surgery, if intraoperative metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes are discovered, the planned operation should proceed. Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy has moderate but proven survival benefit after resection of N2 disease. The role of postoperative radiotherapy remains uncertain.
Simulating simple supersymmetric field theories

Abstract Using hybrid differential equations and fermion fields represented by stochastic noise, we simulate SU(2) lattice gauge theory with a variable number Nf of Majorana fermions in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. For Nf = 1, the continuum limit of the lattice theory is the supersymmetric Yang-Mills model. For Nf = 0, 1 and 4 we find chiral symmetry breaking and hierarchal mass scales.
Prostaglandins and Bartter's syndrome.

A 46-year-old woman was admitted to the metabolic ward of New England Medical Center Hospital (NEMCH) for evaluation of hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. The patient was in good health until four months earlier, when preoperative determination of serum electrolytes disclosed a serum potassium concentration of 3.0 mEq/liter and a bicarbonate concentration of 31 mEq/liter. A hysterectomy was performed without complications, and on discharge 80 mEq of potassium chloride per day was prescribed. One month later she was admitted to another hospital because of supraventncular tachycardia; hypokalemia had persisted. Evaluation revealed no evidence of organic heart disease and the arrhythmia was presumed to be secondary to hypokalemia. Two weeks later, she was readmitted for further evaluation. Blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg; cardiac examination revealed normal S1 and S2 sounds and a grade 1/VI systolic ejection murmur at the lower left sternal border; abdominal examination revealed no abdominal masses; no edema was present. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. Laboratory findings revealed: serum creatinine, 0.7 mg/dl; BUN, 15 mg/dl; serum sodium, 138 mEq/liter; serum potassium, 2.9 mEq/liter; chloride, 96 mEq/liter; and bicarbonate, 34 mEq/liter; hemogram, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum albumin, serum
Modulation of the redox state of tubulin by the glutathione/glutaredoxin reductase system☆

Alterations in the redox status of proteins have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. We report that peroxynitrite-induced disulfides in porcine brain tubulin are repaired by the glutaredoxin reductase system composed of glutathione reductase, human or Escherichia coli glutaredoxin, reduced glutathione, and NADPH. Reduction of disulfide bonds between the α- and β-tubulin subunits by the glutathione reductase system was assessed by Western blot. Tubulin cysteine oxidation and reduction was quantitated by monitoring the incorporation of 5-iodoacetamido-fluorescein, a thiol-specific labeling reagent. Tubulin disulfide bond reduction by the glutaredoxin reductase system restored tubulin polymerization activity that was lost following peroxynitrite addition. In support of redox modulations of tubulin by glutathione, thiol-disulfide exchange between tubulin and oxidized glutathione was detected and quantitated by HPLC. In addition, glutathionylation of tubulin was detected by dot blot using an anti-GSH antibody.
Interview: Perfecting Innovation

PG.1 HOW IS THE INNOVATION FUNCTION ORGANIZED AT WHIRLPOOL? MN.1 At Whirlpool, we are committed to our brand value-creation strategy in which innovation is essential to deliver the best consumer position. Within Whirlpool University, our competencies are innovation, cost, quality, and margin realization. I work with a team of three colleagues to build infrastructure and drive the strategy for innovation. This defines the corporate center for excellence. In addition, there is a small group of people within each region who are in charge of execution. Each group is different and consists of 2-3 people who are experts in tools and processes and help teams execute. Each division is responsible for driving its own projects. Sometimes a project does not fall into any specific category, and in that case it is built into the development group. Then there is a large engineering organization that is also involved in innovation but there is not a specific innovation function within that organization.
Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic allometry of soft tissues in Rattus norvegicus.

Most studies of sexual dimorphism in mammals focus on overall body size. However, relatively little is known about the differences in growth trajectories that produce dimorphism in organ and muscle size. We weighed six organs and four muscles in Rattus norvegicus to determine what heterochronic and allometric scaling differences exist between the sexes. This cross-sectional growth study included 113 males and 109 females with ages ranging from birth to 200 days of age. All muscle and organ weights were ultimately greater in males than in females, because males grew for a longer period of time, had a greater maximum rate of growth, and spent more time near the maximum rate. No ontogenetic scaling differences existed between the sexes in organ weight except for lungs and gonads. During growth, organ weights were negatively allometric to body weight. No scaling differences relative to body weight existed between the sexes for muscles; however, there was variation in the allometric relations among muscles relative to body weight. Sexual dimorphism in muscles and organs appears to be a size difference resulting from differences in the duration and rates of growth. J. Morphol. 242:57–66, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Current Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Latent Tuberculosis Infection

The goal of diagnosing and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children is to prevent future cases of tuberculosis (TB) disease. In low-prevalence countries, LTBI screening, testing, and treatment are risk based. Testing is limited by lack of a reference standard; both available methods—the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs)—have significant limitations. The antigens used in IGRAs are not found in BCG-Mycobacterium bovis or most non-tuberculous mycobacteria, making these tests more specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection than the TST. The two methods have similar sensitivity, and neither performs well in immunosuppressed children. Children with LTBI are given treatment because it decreases their risk of developing TB disease, and the rate of significant adverse events is low. The most commonly used treatment regimen of 6–9 months of isoniazid is limited in effectiveness by poor adherence. New treatment regimens, using 4 months of rifampin, 3 months of isoniazid and rifampin, or 12 weekly doses of isoniazid and rifapentine, are safe and have significantly higher completion rates.
Dual window method for processing spectroscopic optical coherence tomography signals with high spectral and spatial resolution

The generation of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) signals suffers from an inherent trade off between spatial and spectral resolution. Here, we present a dual window (DW) method that uses two Gaussian windows to simultaneously obtain high spectral and spatial resolution. We show that the DW method probes the Winger time-frequency distribution (TFD) with two orthogonal windows set by the standard deviation of the Gaussian windows used for processing. We also show that in the limit of an infinitesimally narrow window, combined with a large window, this method is equivalent to the Kirkwood & Richaczek TFD and, if the real part is taken, it is equivalent to the Margenau & Hill (MH) TFD. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by simulating a signal with four components separated in depth or center frequency. Six TFD are compared: the ideal, the Wigner, the MH, narrow window short time Fourier transform (STFT), wide window STFT, and the DW. The results show that the DW method contains features of the Wigner TFD, and that it contains the highest spatial and spectral resolution that is free of artifacts. This method can enable powerful applications, including accurate acquisition of the spectral information for cancer diagnosis.
Selecting lineup foils in eyewitness identification experiments: experimental control and real-world simulation.

Experimental research on eyewitness identification follows a standard principle of experimental design. Perpetrator-present and perpetrator-absent lineups are constructed with the same foils, so that the two conditions are identical except for the presence or absence of the true perpetrator of the crime. However, this aspect of the design simulates conditions that do not correspond to those of real criminal investigations. Specifically, these conditions can create perp-absent lineups in which the foils are selected based on their similarity to an unknown person--the real perpetrator. Analysis of the similarity relations predicts that when foils for perp-absent lineups are selected based on their match to the perpetrator the false identification rate will be lower than if the foils are selected based on their match to the innocent suspect. This prediction was confirmed in an experiment that compared these two perp-absent lineup conditions. These results suggest that false identification rates in previous experiments would have been higher if the foils had been selected based on their match to the innocent suspect, rather than the absent perpetrator.
Winter soil microclimate altered by corn residue management in the northern Corn Belt of the USA

Management of crop residue is important for promoting soil water recharge and early spring thaw in the northern Corn Belt of the USA. This study assessed the impact of residue management in no tillage, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production systems on the soil thermal and water regime during winter in west central Minnesota. Residue treatments were initiated in the fall over three years and included the removal of stubble and loose residue (RR) from the soil surface, all residue lying prostrate (PR) on the soil surface, and stubble standing and loose residue lying (SR) on the soil surface. Soil (to 0.3 m depth) temperatures were recorded hourly whereas soil water content, frost depth, and snow cover were measured weekly. The SR treatment effectively trapped more snow, which resulted in warmer soil (2°C or less), shallower frost penetration (as much as 0.5 m), and earlier soil thaw (up to 20 d) as compared with the RR or PR treatments. Winter soil temperatures and depth and duration of soil freezing were the same for the RR and PR treatments. Soil water content was the same for all treatments prior to fall freezing, but was less for the PR treatment than for the SR or RR treatment during winter due to less snowmelt infiltration for the PR treatment. Corn production utilizing no tillage in the northern USA necessitates the retention of stubble on the soil surface for promoting warmer soil during the winter as well as earlier spring thaw as compared with removing or chopping stubble.
Behavior of SMA actuators under nonproportional thermomechanical loading

The application of SMA actuators in smart structures usually involve thermally induced phase transformation with a variable applied stress in SMA actuators, resulting in thermomechanical non-proportional loading of SMAs in stress-temperature space. To investigate the constitutive response of SMAs under thermomechanical non-proportional loading, experiments for thermally induced phase transformation of binary NiTi SMA wires loaded by an elastic linear spring are performed in the Active Materials Laboratory at Texas A&M University. A constitutive model developed by Bo and Lagoudas and Lagoudas and Bo is used as the basis for the theoretical prediction of the response of SMA line actuators loaded by springs with different elastic constants. Model predictions are compared with experimental results.
Characterization of reconstituted plasma membrane H+‐ATPase from maize roots

Corn (Zea mays L.) plasma membranes from KI-washed microsomal fractions were further purified by isopycnic sucrose density centrifugation. An examination of separated fractions indicated that vesicles with nitrate-insensitive proton transport copurified with fractions containing vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity. The ATPase in purified plasma membrane was reconstituted into liposomes by a detergent dilution technique using deoxycholate. The reconstituted ATPase exhibited characteristics similar to those of the native enzyme. However, reconstituted preparations showed an enhanced sensitivity to vanadate, a diminished phosphatase activity and a high specific rate of ATP-dependent H+-transport. Apparent Ki values of reconstituted and native enzymes with respect to vanadate were 20 and 50 μM, respectively; the KJ value of the H+-pumping of reconstituted ATPase was 30 μM. The proton pumping of reconstituted vesicles could be discharged rapidly by p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP), hexokinase and vanadate. The hydrolysis of Mg-ATP by both native and reconstituted ATPases obeyed simple Michaelis-Menten plots with a Km between 0.5 and 0.6 mM. The reconstituted ATPase retained a pH profile similar to that of native enzyme with a maximum of pH 6.5.
Shallow-Seated Dissolution of Bedded Evaporites in Northern Delaware Basin: ABSTRACT

Studies of boreholes penetrating the Dewey Lake, Rustler, and uppermost Salado Formations in the northern Delaware basin (southeastern New Mexico) have investigated subsurface dissolution of bedded evaporites in the vicinity of Nash Draw, a depression 5 to 10 mi (8 to 16 km) wide and about 250 ft (75 m) deep. The thickness of the section between the top of the Salado Formation and the base of marker bed 103 ranges from an intact 210 ft (64 m, east of Nash Draw) to a residual 45 ft (14 m in the Draw), where gypsification of Rustler anhydrite and removal of Rustler halite are virtually complete. The uppermost Permian halite has been previously described as a dissolution zone (the "brine aquifer"). Within 130 ft (40 m) below this zone are halite-filled fractures, cubic-shape cavities, and gypsum after anhydrite. Above are remnant "islets" of halite and anhydrite, gypsum replacing anhydrite and polyhalite, and dissolution breccia. The mineralogy and stratigraphy suggest that the shallow-seated "dissolution front" is a series of "fingers" moving laterally along bedding planes, rather than a single surface migrating downward. The sequence of alterations appears to be: (1) fracture of brittle rock, (2) dissolution of halite adjacent to the fracture rock, (3) gypsification of interbedded polyhalite and then anhydrite, and (4) dissolution of gypsum. Waters of higher salinity and lower flow rate in the "brine aquifer" east of Nash Draw show an oxygen isotope enrichment with respect to meteoric waters, indicating that the low fluid-to-rock ratio there has thus far recluded significant alteration of rock by water. End_of_Article - Last_Page 764------------
Blind-ending duplications of ureter☆

Abstract Experience with blind-ending duplications of the ureter is reviewed, and a classification of four types is presented. The incidence, methods of diagnosis, symptoms, embryology, and therapy are reviewed. The fourth type, a doubly blind-ending duplication surrounding an otherwise normal ureter, is presented for the first time. In this case, it is associated with reflux by disturbing the anatomy of the intramural ureter and its valve-like function. Surgical exploration is required for diagnosis.
Prostaglandin receptors in lower segment myometrium during gestation and labor

Abstract Objective: To determine if expression of relaxatory prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptors (EP2 isoform) and contractile PG F receptors (FP isoform) changes during gestation and with labor in pregnant human myometrium. Methods: Lower segment myometrium was removed at cesarean from four groups of parturients (preterm [28–36 weeks] or term [37–41 weeks], either in or not in labor, ten per group). Myometrial RNA was isolated and used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with specific primer sets for human smooth muscle protein calponin and PGEP2 or FP receptor isoform mRNA. Polymerase chain reaction products were electrophoresed on gels and visualized, band intensity was measured, and EP2 and FP receptor expression was normalized to calponin. Results: Reverse transcription-PCR yielded products of expected sizes, and restriction enzyme cleavage confirmed identities. Prostaglandin EP2 receptor isoform mRNA expression (relative to calponin mRNA) was significantly greater in the preterm, no labor group (1.28 ± 0.22, mean ± standard error of the mean [SE]) compared with the term, no labor group (0.71 ± 0.09) (P Conclusion: Changes in prostaglandin EP2 receptor isoform expression are consistent with influence on maintenance of quiescence. Labor at term is associated with a significant increase in FP receptor expression, consistent with influence on contraction. The balance between the two receptor isoforms might mediate myometrial contractility.
How temperature affects timing and duration of yellow perch spawning in the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan

Adult yellow perch were collected from the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan during 2009, 2011, and 2012 to estimate the length and timing of the yellow perch spawning season. Sampling was conducted using gill nets at three zones near East Chicago, Burns Harbor, and Michigan City from May to August in 2009 and 2011; however, sampling was conducted twice in April before continuing from May to August in 2012. After collection, yellow perch were measured, counted, and sexed and then the maturity state was determined. Logistic regression was used to model the proportion of post-spawn (spent) fish over time for each year. The resulting models estimated the timing and duration of yellow perch spawning and allowed the determination of peak spawn (50% spent) for each year. We found that yellow perch spawning started when mean daily water temperatures at the sample sites reached approximately 11 °C and lasted two to four weeks with cessation occurring when water temperatures exceeded 13 °C. In 2009 and 2011, spawnin...
Pion and K meson production in the multiperipheral model

Abstract A simple multiperipheral model, that utilizes only three parameters, two coupling constants and exponential damping for each momentum transfer is developed and applied to the calculation of inclusive distributions. The pion rapidity and p⊥2 distributions are successfully predicted; as are the energy dependences of strange particle production cross sections. The development of inclusive distributions with increasing energy and possible improvements to the model are discussed.
Evaluation of tropical forage legumes (Medicago sativa, Dolichos lablab, Leucaena leucocephala and Desmanthus bicornutus) for growing goats

Abstract A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate forage legumes ( Medicago sativa , Dolichos lablab , Leucaena leucocephala and Desmanthus bicornutus ) as protein supplements to a sudangrass ( Sorghum bicolor ) diet based on growth and feed performance of growing goats. Twenty-four castrated kids were used in the experiment with an average initial age of 135 days and body weight of 18.7 kg. Kids were Boer × Spanish crossbreds. Four dietary treatments were composed of sudangrass (60% of diet offered) supplemented with one of four forage legumes (40% of diet offered) and corn (0.2 kg/day). A split-plot design was employed with diet as the main plot, pens as experimental units (consisting of three pens per diet as replicates) and goats as samples (two goats per pen). Fixed effects of breed type, litter size born, parity of dam and initial age of kid as a linear covariate were added to the model for growth traits. All forage legumes had over 20% crude protein (CP). Final body weight was not affected by diet ( P > 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) tended ( P P P P L. leucocephala had more potential for feeding growing goats in tropical regions compared to the other forage legumes evaluated.
Embryonic origins of cells in the leech Helobdella triserialis

To ascertain the embryonic origins of the cells in various tissues of the leech Helobdella triserialis, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected as a cell lineage tracer into all identified blastomeres of the early embryo in turn, except for a few of the micromeres, and the resulting distribution of HRP-labeled cells was then examined in the late embryo. In this way it was found that in every body segment a topographically characteristic set of neurons in the ganglion and body wall and a characteristic territory of the epidermis is derived from each of the four paired ectodermal teloblasts N, O/P, O/P, and Q, whereas the muscles, nephridia, and connective tissue, as well as a few presumptive neurons in each segmental ganglion, are derived from the paired mesodermal teloblast, M. Each topographically characteristic, segmentally iterated set of neurons descended from a given teloblast is designated as a kinship group. However, the prostomial (nonsegmental) epidermis and the neurons of the supraesophageal ganglion were found to be derived from the a, b, c, and d micromere quartet to which the A, B, C, and D blastomeres give rise at the dorsal pole of the embryo. The superficial epithelium of the provisional integument, which covers the surface of the embryo midway through development and is sloughed off at the time of body closure, was found to be derived from the a, b, c, and d micromere quartet, as well as from other micromeres produced in the course of teloblast formation. The contractile fibers of the provisional integument were found to be derived from the paired M teloblast. These results demonstrate that development of the leech embryo proceeds according to a highly stereotyped pattern, in the sense that a particular identifiable blastomere of the early embryo regularly gives rise to a particular set of cells of the adult (or provisional embryonic) tissues.
The Role of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Project Echo

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology was responsible for the West Coast Transmit/Receiver Station which was used in Project Echo for communicating with the East Coast Station of the Bell Telephone Laboratories utilizing the radio reflection properties of the satellite balloon. This report describes the work performed by JPL and presents some of the results of the Echo experiment.
Personal Inadequacy and Intimacy Predictors of Men's Hostility Toward Women

In this study we examined social/personality and intimacy predictors of men's hostility toward women (HTW). The study was framed in terms of a projection model that suggests that men's feelings of inadequacy contribute to hostility toward women. The sample consisted of 172 college men. The strongest attitudinal predictors were measures of locus of control. These data support the feminist analysis of sexual violence as an issue of power and lend support to the proposed projection model in terms of perceived powerlessness. In addition, based on the projection model, intimacy predictors for best male friend and female romantic partner were examined. The strongest correlate of men's HTW was intellectual intimacy, which conceptually is more related to the idea of an egalitarian relationship than other aspects of intimacy and may be most inhibited in men who are hostile toward women's intimate relationships.
Milk Thistle - One of the Top Twenty Herbs Sold in the US in 2011 -

Milk Thistle (MT) ranks 5th or 6th, according to the venue surveyed, in the top 20 herbs sold in the US in 2011. MT has also been assigned a grade of “B” from the Natural Standard Database staff scientists. These two ratings in combination give the impression that MT is one of those herbs that it would be important to understand from both an historical and a safety standpoint. This short monograph discusses MT from an historical perspective as well as laying out the myriad of safety concerns that accompany all botanicals used as alternative medicines.
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas: Clinical findings of a rare tumor

A young woman presented with a large pancreatic mass that was found to be a solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm. The endoscopic, radiologic, and gross appearance of this tumor is described. The origin of the tumor is probably from a multipotential stem cell of the pancreas. Surgical resection is usually curative, although radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been successfully used. This unusual tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young female with a pancreatic mass.
Author's Reply [Education Column]

Much thanks to Dr. Skolebev for reading my article and providing these very helpful remarks. At the time of writing my paper, I was not aware of the existence of book #3, which is an excellent book for arrays. Books #1 and #2 are excellent books as well, but are not as updated as my paper; thus, the title of my paper: ??Review and Update.? In my opinion, all three books also do not provide an easy-to-understand treatment of overlapped subarrays that would enable students and engineers with a basic background in antennas to get up to speed on this technology.
Integrating Constructionism and Instructionism in Educational Hypermedia Programs

In many educational hypermedia programs, the original meaning of hypertext influenced the entire pedagogical approach underlying the programs. This meant that learners were free to navigate, construct, and choose their learning path. In addition, no learning objectives were mandatory, and the processes of hypertext navigation and artifact constructions were emphasized. The problem of this trend was that learners received little feedback to guide them on how to use the non-linear structure, and not all could acquire important skills and knowledge of the subject matter. This article deals with an attempt to integrate linear instruction elements into hypermedia programs in order for learners to benefit from the advantages of both approaches. It offers feedback as a connecting unit in such an integration and suggests a model of feedback that fades in and out, based on the fading-out model of scaffolding traditionally used in the apprenticeship approach. A few projects are described to illustrate these ideas.
Nitric oxide mixing ratios near the stratopause measured by a rocket-borne chemiluminescent detector

The nitric oxide mixing ratio between 43 km and 61 km was directly measured with a rocket-borne chemiluminescent detector. The ozone-generated background signal was monitored throughout the flight (in 1976) by periodically interrupting the atmospheric sample flow with a pure-N2 bias-supply gas. An error analysis of the 1976 results showed the need to correct results obtained from an earlier flight (in 1975). The corrected 1975 results are reported and compared with the 1976 results.
Retinoblastoma: an overview for advanced practice nurses.

Purpose: To provide an overview of the current literature surrounding the detection and management of retinoblastoma as well as care for the long-term survivor to serve as a guide for advanced practice nurses. Data sources: Comprehensive review of the literature on retinoblastoma including case studies, journal reviews, retrospective studies, and briefs. Conclusions: Retinoblastoma is a pediatric intraocular malignancy usually detected in the primary care setting. Typically asymptomatic, primary care providers will often identify the presence of retinoblastoma upon routine eye exam. Prompt diagnosis and commencement of treatment are paramount as delay in diagnosis leads to higher morbidity and mortality. Treatment options vary depending on the extent of disease. Implications for practice: Although current survival rates for retinoblastoma exceed 90%, individual visual outcome and survival are dependent upon early detection and prompt referral. In addition to research and education of survivors and families, advanced practice nurses play a key role in early detection and maintaining the current survival rate.
Fluorocarbon synthesis: halogen exchange fluorination with alkali metal polyhydrogen fluorides

Abstract A variety of fluorocarbons of current interest can be efficiently prepared via halogen exchange fluorination with alkali metal polyhydrogen fluorides, MF·nHF, where M = K, Rb, Cs or mixtures thereof and n = 0.5 to 3. [R.E. Fernandez, et al., US Pats. 4 990 701, 4 990 702 and 5 045 634 (1991)]. The alkali metal polyhydrogen fluorides can be thought of as ‘participatory solvents’ for traditional alkali metal fluoride halogen exchange reactions, since the amount of free fluoride can be readily controlled by the addition/ removal of HF as well as by varying the temperature. Thus, by controlling “n”, this methodology can be used not only for substitution reactions, but HF addition and HF elimination reactions as well. Once the desired halogen exchange/addition/elimination has taken place, the fluoride source can be easily regenerated via the addition of HF and removal of HCl. The chemical and physical properties of these systems as well as their applicability towards fluorocarbon synthesis will be presented.
Insertion of HDI and Grid Array Technologies Into Military/Space Applications

As with the commercial market, Military/Aerospace electronic packaging has similar needs to develop smaller/lighter/ higher performance electronics. This need has required the use of High Density Interconnect (HDI) circuit boards and Grid Array components (ball and column) in rugged environment applications such as military and space. This discussion will cover the technology study program conducted by Honeywell Defense and Space Electronics Systems on the mechanical durability of HDI (High Density Interconnect) and Grid Array component packaging and its application into “Hi Rel” aerospace programs.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Mental rotation performance: Age, sex, and visual field differences

Eighteen young (17–23 years) and 18 older (66–79 years) adults performed a mental rotation task under lateralized viewing conditions to compare the generalized versus right hemisphere decline hypothesis of neuropsychological aging. Although older adults exhibited slower reaction times and less accuracy than younger adults, visual field patterns were independent of age and sex. There was no evidence to indicate a selective decline with age in left hemisphere or right hemisphere processing ability during mental rotation performance. These results support the hypothesis that hemispheric changes in processing with age are not selective but are generalized across both hemispheres.
Androgen receptors in osteoblast-like cell lines

Although androgens exert major effects on bone remodeling, the mechanisms by which they exert their effects remain unclear. Recently, it has become apparent that receptors for sex steroids may be present in osteoblastic cells. We have examined several cell lines with osteoblastic phenotypes to determine if specific, high affinity androgen receptors are present. Two cell lines of human origin (Saos-2 and U2-OS) and one of rat origin (UMR-106.01) were studied. Androgen binding sites were present in all cell lines. Binding affinities were high (KD=1.6−2.5×10−10 M), and similar to those in classical androgen target tissues (prostate, kidney). Concentrations were greater in the human cell lines (1277 and 1605 sites/cell) than in the rodent line (74 sites/cell). In the human cell lines androgen binding was also specific and typical of androgen receptors in other tissues. Specific estrogen binding was not present in the UMR-106.01 cells, and no estrogen receptors were detectable in the human cell lines using an enzyme-linked receptor immunoassay. Specific binding for progesterone was also absent in the UMR-106.01 cells, but progesterone receptors were detected immunologically in the Saos-2 (119 sites/cell) and U2-OS (118 sites/cell) lines. These findings indicate the presence of androgen receptors that are of similar character to those in classical androgen target tissues, and suggest that the study of these cell lines may be useful in the study of the regulation of androgen effects in osteoblasts.
Immunochemical studies on levans from several strains of Actinomyces viscosus.

Abstract High molecular-weight levans elaborated by 8 separate strains of Actinomyces viscosus were purified; the interactions of these levans with concanavalin A and anti-fructan myeloma immunoglobulins UPC-10 and J606 were examined by the quantitative precipitin method. Oligosaccharides released from the levans by partial acid hydrolysis were separated by partition chromatography on paper and characterized in situ by selective spray reagents. The liberated oligomers were compared with oligomers of known structure released from levans of Aerobacter levanicum and Leuconostoc mesenteriodes B512 as well as with plant inulin. The fragmentation analysis indicated a structure for Actinomyces levans comprising chains of β (2 → 6)-linked fructofuranosyl units joined through multiple (1,2,6)-linked fructosyl branch units.
Experimental evidence of homogeneous superfluid turbulence in large-pore porous media

Experimental results are presented for counterflow and isothermal coflow through large-pore porous materials, with porosities greater than 90% and permeabilities of order 10−11 m2. Counterflow velocities ranging from 0.06 to 0.14 m/s were obtained. Because of the large-pore geometry, and the velocity range investigated, the superfluid is fully turbulent. The counterflow data are well described by the two-fluid model using the Schwarz model of homogeneous mutual friction, with a larger, empirically-modified, mutual friction coefficient. The same mutual friction model is applied to the coflow results, assuming that dissipation due to superfluid vortex interaction with the wall of the porous media is negligible. In this case, the normal-fluid and superfluid velocities are coupled through the mutual friction, and relative velocities are calculated from pressure drop measurements. For mass flow velocities in the range 0.00 to 0.10 m/s, we calculate relative velocities up to 0.07 m/s, and normal-fluid velocities in excess of 0.04m/s. An interesting feature of the coflow pressure drop, as a function of the normal-fluid velocity, is that it is larger than the counterflow pressure drop by the ratio of the total density to the normal-fluid density.
Initial key word OCR filter results

Initial simulated optical correlation filter results to locate key words in destination address blocks on machine printed United States Postal Service (USPS) envelope mail are presented. The filters used are SDF MACE G-MACE and MINACE. These filters provide sharp correlation peaks allow controlled tolerance of intra-class (pitch font) variations and improved false class rejection (using symbolic filters).© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A parallel processing course for undergraduates

We argue that a parallel processing course should be offered to undergraduate computer science majors. A major component of such a course should be a series of programming laboratories where the student can investigate the strengths and weaknesses of different parallel architectures. The student should design and debug parallel algorithms on the different parallel models.We propose a cost effective solution to the teaching of the course which uses simulators and Transputer-based parallel accelerators in a personal computer or workstation environment.
Stochastic DEA with a Perfect Object and Its Application to Analysis of Environmental Efficiency

The paper introduces stochastic DEA with a Perfect Object (SDEA PO). The Perfect Object (PO) is a virtual Decision Making Unit (DMU) that has the smallest inputs and greatest outputs. Including the PO in a collection of actual objects yields an explicit formula of the efficiency index. Given the distributions of DEA inputs and outputs, this formula allows us to derive the probability distribution of the efficiency score, to find its mathematical expectation, and to deliver common (group–related) and partial (object-related) efficiency components. We apply this approach to a prospective analysis of environmental efficiency of the major national and regional economies.