cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life Experience Is Not a Disease or Why Medicalizing Madness Is Counterproductive to Recovery

Abstract The author draws on her personal experience as the family member of an individual with mental illness, on her anthropological research and on that of others to argue that medicalizing madness can be counterproductive to recovery. The medical model is sometimes used in a way that strips away the meaning of the illness experience. Analogies drawn to diseases do not help the understanding of mental illness. Psychiatry is a social practice embedded in a social milieu and that renders it less than objective. It is useful to recognize that the experiences called symptoms have meaning and may have positive and pleasurable aspects.
Revisiting quality of life for elders in long-term care: an integrative review.

Purpose To review the literature on quality of life (QOL) among elders in long-term care settings, specifically focusing on measurement of QOL, influencing factors, and interventions to improve QOL. Conclusion Multiple instruments were used to measure QOL with little overlap and limited ability to compare across studies. Categories of influencing factors included physical function, environment, social support, and mood/spiritual. Interventions targeted changes in environment, physical activity, and meaningful interaction. Practice Implication Knowledge of the factors influencing QOL and findings from research on interventions will assist nurses in individualizing care approaches to improve QOL among elders in long-term care settings.
The German Experience of Professionalization: Modern Learned Professions and their Organizations from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Hitler Era

Acknowledgments Abbreviations Part I. The Problem of Professions in Germany: 1. Introduction 2. Problems and methods in the history of modern German professions Part II. The Transition to Modern Professions in the Early Nineteenth Century: 3. The beginnings of modern professions in Germany 4. Professions between revolution and unification Part III. Unified Professions in a Unified Germany? 5. The organization of the 'free' professions: medicine, law, engineering, and chemistry 6. Organization of state-service professions: teachers and the clergy 7. Professional credentials in the new Reich Part IV. Breakthrough and Breakdowns: The Professions Enter the Era of Cartels and Unions: 8. The 'free' professions, 1900-1918 9. Law-based professions, 1900-1918 Part V. The Weimar era: 10. The 'free' professions under Weimar 11. Professions based on law and pedagogy in the Weimar era Part VI. The Fate of Professions Under and After Fascism: 12. Collaboration, coordination, and professionalization 13. Conclusion A word about sources Index.
Somatic Growth of the Infant and Preschool Child

This period comprises the first five years of life, that is, from birth through age four. In general, this age range spans that period during which the individual makes the adjustment from a sharply limited intrauterine environment, in which all stimuli are mediated through the maternal biological system, to the rich, varied, and often hostile, extrauterine environment, where the regulatory responses are direct functions of interactions between this environment and the infant’s or child’s biological system.
Neurophysiology of compensation for time delays: Visual prediction is off track

Speculation by Nijhawan that visual perceptual mechanisms compensate for neural delays has no basis in the physiological properties of neurons known to be involved in motion perception and visuomotor control. Behavioral and physiological evidence is consistent with delay compensation mediated primarily by motor systems.
Modulation of human immune and inflammatory responses by dietary fatty acids.

I review the effects of the amount and composition of dietary fat on indices of human immune and inflammatory responses. A reduction in the amount of fat intake enhanced several indices of immune response, including lymphocyte proliferation, natural-killer-cell activity, cytokine production, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. When total fat intake was held constant, an increase in the intake of linoleic acid (18:2 ω-6) or arachidonic acid (20:4 ω-6) by healthy human volunteers did not inhibit many indices of immune response tested but did increase the production of inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4). Supplementation of human diets with ω-3 fatty acids reduced several aspects of neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte functions, including the production of inflammatory mediators. Most of the studies have indicated reductions in these functions, with a minimum of 1.2 g/d of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for 6 wk. However, other studies concomitantly supplementing with 205 mg/d of vitamin E did not find inhibition of immune-cell functions, even with larger amounts and longer durations of supplementation with these fatty acids. One study reported that supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid selectively inhibits inflammatory responses without inhibiting T- and B-cell functions. Despite some discrepancies, fish oils have been used successfully in the management of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The potential for the use of fish oils in the management of these diseases is tremendous, even though further studies are needed to establish safe and adequate intake levels of ω-3 fatty acids.
A Parallel Version of A Fast Algorithm for Singular Integral Transforms

The mathematical foundation of an algorithm for fast and accurate evaluation of singular integral transforms was given by Daripa [9,10,12]. By construction, the algorithm offers good parallelization opportunities and a lower computational complexity when compared with methods based on quadrature rules. In this paper we develop a parallel version of the fast algorithm by redefining the inherently sequential recurrences present in the original sequential formulation. The parallel version only utilizes a linear neighbor-to-neighbor communication path, which makes the algorithm very suitable for any distributed memory architecture. Numerical results and theoretical estimates show good parallel scalability of the algorithm.
Kinetics of reduction of iron oxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen

This investigation was undertaken to determine the rate controlling step in the reduction of iron oxides with hydrogen and carbon monoxide. For the reduction of porous hematite pellets, and bars it was found that the reduction rate is controlled by the counterdiffusion of reactant gas and product gas between the reaction zone and the main gas stream. The reduction specimens were spheres ranging in size from 1.5- to 4.4-cm. diameter and 5.1- by 7.6-cm. bars either 0.69 or 1.24 cm. thick. They were prepared from electrolytic iron powder, partially oxidized in a rotary kiln. The final oxidation of the specimens to hematite was accomplished by firing them at 1,149°C. in an oxidizing atmosphere. The bulk density was 3.5 g./cc. The specific surface area was 0.08 sq.m./g. and the void faction was 0.31. The oxide specimens were reduced in streams of pure hydrogen or carbon monoxide at temperatures between 700° and 1,200°C. The reduction was followed by measuring the sample weight during the reaction. Reduction rates were studied at system pressures of 1 and 2 at. The samples reduced step by step, to magnetite, to wustite, and finally to iron. A shell of reduction, clearly visible in sections of partially reduced specimens, moved concentrically into the core of the samples. Ahead of the receding interface the specimens were known to be pervious to the reactant gases. This led to the conclusion that the gas composition at the interface was in equilibrium with the oxide phases present. Except for the removal of the last portions of oxygen at the lower reduction temperatures, the course of the reduction followed Fick's first law of diffusion. Values of the diffusion co-efficients, determined from the experimental data, were in close agreement with values predicted from empirical equations. Varying the total pressure of the system had no effect on the rate of reduction, which is consistent with the equations developed from Fick's law for the diffusion-controlled reaction under investigation. It is speculated that the retarding of the reduction reaction at the lower reduction temperatures is due to the entrapment of oxide inside shells of iron, which are impervious to the reducing gas. Reduction of the trapped oxide then proceeds by solid state diffusion in a manner proposed by Edstrom (6).
A framework for real-time path planning in changing environments

We present a new method for generating collision-free paths for robots operating in changing environments. Our approach is closely related to recent probabilistic roadmap approaches. These planners use preprocessing and query stages, and are aimed at planning many times in the same environment. In contrast, our preprocessing stage creates a representation of the configuration space that can be easily modified in real time to account for changes in the environment. As with previous approaches, we begin by constructing a graph that represents a roadmap in the configuration space, but we do not construct this graph for a specific workspace. Instead, we construct the graph for an obstacle-free workspace, and encode the mapping from workspace cells to nodes and arcs in the graph. When the environment changes, this mapping is used to make the appropriate modifications to the graph, and plans can be generated by searching the modified graph. As part of our presentation, we discuss the construction of the roadmap, including how samples of the configuration space may be generated and how to connect the samples to form the roadmap. We then discuss the mapping from the workspace to the roadmap, explaining efficient techniques for its generation and representation. We continue with some robustness measures and how these may be used to enhance the robustness of the roadmap. We then present an extension of our method for mobile robots. Finally, we evaluate an implementation of our approach for serial-link manipulators with up to 20 joints.
Wearable RFID-enabled sensor nodes for biomedical applications

A wearable RFID-enabled sensor node for continuous biomedical monitoring is investigated in this paper. Dielectric characterization of fabric substrates, inkjet-printing of conductive nano-particle silver ink, design of RFID antennas and integration of sensor active and passive devices were discussed in this paper. Preliminary experiments show that the RFID-enabled sensor node could be effective for biomedical applications.
A Time-Dependent Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Model for California

For the purpose of sensitivity testing and illuminating nonconsensus components of time-dependent models, the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) has assembled a time-dependent version of its statewide probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) model for California. The model incorporates available consensus information from within the earth-science community, except for a few faults or fault segments where consensus information is not available. For these latter faults, published information has been incorporated into the model. As in the 1996 CDMG/U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) model, the time-dependent models incorporate three multisegment ruptures: a 1906, an 1857, and a southern San Andreas earthquake. Sensitivity tests are presented to show the effect on hazard and expected damage estimates of (1) intrinsic (aleatory) sigma, (2) multisegment (cascade) vs. independent segment (no cascade) ruptures, and (3) time-dependence vs. time-independence. Results indicate that (1) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between time-dependent and independent models increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma, (2) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between full cascading and not cascading are insensitive to intrinsic sigma, (3) differences in hazard increase with increasing return period (decreasing probability of occurrence), and (4) differences in moment-rate budgets increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma and with the degree of cascading, but are within the expected uncertainty in PSH time-dependent modeling and do not always significantly affect hazard and expected damage estimates.
Behavioral Ecology, Health Status, and Health Care: Applications to the Rehabilitation Setting

This paper is about a view of behavior-environment relations called behavioral ecology, about health status and health care for persons hospitalized with spinal cord injuries, and about some relationships between these two areas. One major purpose is to communicate some of the essential flavor of behavioral ecology. This will be done by presenting some background comments in the next section and presenting some key aspects or guiding assumptions of behavioral ecology in a later section.
Kauffman Economic Outlook: A Quarterly Survey of Leading Economics Bloggers - Fourth Quarter 2010

This paper reports the results of a survey of top economics bloggers. The survey was conducted in mid-October 2010 by soliciting input from among the top 200 economics bloggers as ranked by Palgrave’s Econolog.net. While many (around 50 percent) of the sixty-seven respondents have participated in all quarterly surveys, the results across quarters are not directly comparable.For this survey, four bloggers submitted questions of their own design: Bryan Caplan (Econlog) James Hamilton (EconBrowser), Mark Thoma (Economist’s View), and Felix Salmon (Reuters). The Kauffman Foundation is dedicated to the idea that entrepreneurship and innovation drive economic growth. Naturally, this new technology of blogging is a fascinating one, both for its effect on the economic research frontier, but also as an innovation in its own right. A survey of so many high-profile participants offers a unique opportunity for discussion, and this survey should be viewed as one way of summarizing some of the insights of the community of economics bloggers.KEY FINDINGSTHE ECONOMYEconomics bloggers are more pessimistic in their outlook on the U.S. economy than in any previous quarterly survey in 2010, with 99 percent saying that conditions are mixed, facing recession, or in recession. For an economy in which growth is the norm, 38 percent of respondents think that the U.S. economy is worse than official statistics indicate, and only 9 percent believe it is better. When asked to describe the economy using five adjectives, “uncertain” was used most frequently.POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSAlthough the panel is largely non-partisan, a three-to-one majority of top economics bloggers believes the government is too involved in the economy. The top policy recommendation (selected from a small set of choices) is for the government to “approve trade agreements with South Korea, Colombia, and Panama,” with 97 percent support. This pales compared to the consensus against the proposal to “suspend foreclosures.” Three-fifths of respondents favor a one-year partial payroll tax holiday (19 percent strongly) versus two-fifths opposed (with only 3 percent feeling strongly).Promoting entrepreneurship is a consensus agenda among policymakers. However, only 37 percent agree with a policy of “subsidizing new firm formation with targeted spending and tax benefits,” with 63 percent disagreeing (28 percent strongly). The alternative option to “reduce regulatory burdens and fees on new firm formation” is favored by 82 percent of respondents. Rather than recommending that the government get more involved in helping entrepreneurs, top economics bloggers recommend that it simply do less to hinder them.SURVEY RESULTSThe Kauffman Economic Outlook includes core questions that will recur each quarter and one-time-only topical questions. Core questions focus on two areas, and are presented in the charts and tables below: the performance of the U.S. economy and policy assessments and recommendations. Finally, there are topical questions provided by economics bloggers themselves, which are not categorized.
Young investigator challenge: Atypia of undetermined significance in thyroid FNA: Standardized terminology without standardized management--a closer look at repeat FNA and quality measures.

BACKGROUND The Bethesda system (TBS) for the reporting of thyroid cytopathology established the category of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) with a 7% target rate and a 5% to 15% implied malignancy risk. Recent literature has reported a broad range of AUS rates, subsequent malignancy rates, and discrepant results from repeat fine-needle aspiration (FNA) versus surgical follow-up. Therefore, this study examined AUS data from the Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine to determine the best clinical follow-up. METHODS Thyroid aspirates interpreted as AUS in 2012-2014 at the Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine were collected. Repeat FNA and surgical follow-up data were tabulated to establish AUS, secondary AUS (diagnosed upon repeat FNA follow-up of a primary FNA AUS diagnosis), atypia of undetermined significance/malignancy (AUS:M) ratios (according to the TBS categories), and malignancy rates for AUS. RESULTS The AUS rate was 8.5% (976/11,481), and there was follow-up data for 545 cases. The AUS:M ratio was 2.0. Repeat FNA was performed for 281 cases; 57 proceeded to surgical intervention. Repeat FNA reclassified 71.17% of the cases. The malignancy rates for AUS cases proceeding directly to surgery and for those receiving a surgical intervention after a repeat AUS diagnosis were 33.33% and 43.75%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Repeat FNA resulted in definitive diagnostic reclassification for 67.61% of primary AUS cases and reduced the number of patients triaged to surgery, with 56.58% of the cases recategorized as benign. Cases undergoing surgery after repeat AUS had a higher malignancy rate than those going straight to surgery, and this emphasizes the value of repeat FNA in selecting surgical candidates. In addition, this study highlights the utility of AUS rate monitoring as a quality measure that has contributed to the ability of the Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine to adhere closely to TBS recommendations. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2016;124:37-43. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Biological Control: A Bibliography of Papers Published in the People's Republic of China, 1973-1980

Biological control of insect pests is of prime importance in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and many papers have been written and published on the subject. In 1973, after a suspension for many years due to political unrest, publication of Acta Entomologica Sinica , the major entomological journal in the PRC, resumed.
Long-term stand growth of interior ponderosa pine stands in response to structural modifications and burning treatments in northeastern California

The Blacks Mountain Experimental Research Project created two distinct overstory structural classes (highstructural diversity [HiD]; low-structural diversity [LoD]) across 12 stands and subsequently burned half of each stand. We analyzed stand-level growth 10 years after treatment and then modeled individual tree growth to forecast stand-level growth 10 –20 years after treatment. Net stand growth was compared between treatments and with adjacent Research Natural Areas (RNAs). An analysis of variance of growth in total aboveground tree biomass suggested that growth was greatest in unburned stands (P 0.001) and in LoD stands (P 0.039). We formed iteratively annualized nonlinear models to forecast individual tree growth. Modeled diameter growth, height growth, and mortality were used exclusively for forecasting and highlighting growth and mortality trends in the data (i.e., not testing effects). Forecasts of stand board foot volume suggested that HiD and LoD stands may be no different in net growth in the second decade since treatment (P 0.355). Differences between logged and unlogged stands appeared to be much greater: we predict that RNA stands will net 136 board feet ac 1 in the forecast period, whereas HiD and LoD stands are expected to net 627 and 485 board feet of volume per acre. We also tracked the large tree (dbh 23.5 in.) component stand density index (SDI) over the measurement and forecast periods. We found that the unburned HiD treatment had a net positive effect (13% increase over 20 years) on relative density, whereas the burned HiD was not expected to change (P 0.803), and unlogged stands tended to exhibit a declining SDI over time ( 16%).
Individual Differences in Cognitive Strategy During Reactive Task-Set Switching

Researchers who employ traditional laboratory task-set switching paradigms often assume that their participants are using only one strategy to complete switch moves. In the current study, we hypothesized that real world task-set switching behaviors are facilitated by multiple processing strategies, including fast “heuristic” strategies that are employed when switching is routine, and slower “reasoned” strategies that are used less often when heuristic strategies fail. In this study, 151 undergraduate students from George Mason University volunteered to complete the Youmans Cognitive Flexibility Assessment (YCFA), a computerbased, reactive task-set switching paradigm that takes the form of a simple puzzle game. Participants’ reaction time data suggests that they tried to utilize both heuristic and reasoned strategies to make task-set switches, and that they only used reasoned strategies when heuristic strategies failed. The data also revealed that participants quickly abandoned reasoned strategies when heuristic strategies once again become successful. We conclude by providing some guidance for system designers regarding the speed with which humans who are employing reasoned approaches to task-set switching will abandon them once heuristic approaches again become successful, and by discussing the implications of our findings for safe system design.
Diagnostic doses and times for Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) using the CDC bottle bioassay to assess insecticide resistance

Insecticide resistance to synthetic chemical insecticides is a worldwide concern in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vectors of Leishmania spp. parasites. The CDC bottle bioassay assesses resistance by testing populations against verified diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for an insecticide, but the assay has been used limitedly with sand flies. The objective of this study was to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for laboratory Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Nieva) and Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) to ten insecticides, including pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, and DDT, that are used worldwide to control vectors. Bioassays were conducted in 1,000-ml glass bottles each containing 10–25 sand flies from laboratory colonies of L. longipalpis or P. papatasi. Four pyrethroids, three organophosphates, two carbamates and one organochlorine, were evaluated. A series of concentrations were tested for each insecticide, and four replicates were conducted for each concentration. Diagnostic doses were determined only during the exposure bioassay for the organophosphates and carbamates. For the pyrethroids and DDT, diagnostic doses were determined for both the exposure bioassay and after a 24-hour recovery period. Both species are highly susceptible to the carbamates as their diagnostic doses are under 7.0 μg/ml. Both species are also highly susceptible to DDT during the exposure assay as their diagnostic doses are 7.5 μg/ml, yet their diagnostic doses for the 24-h recovery period are 650.0 μg/ml for Lu. longipalpis and 470.0 μg/ml for P. papatasi. Diagnostic doses and diagnostic times can now be incorporated into vector management programs that use the CDC bottle bioassay to assess insecticide resistance in field populations of Lu. longipalpis and P. papatasi. These findings provide initial starting points for determining diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for other sand fly vector species and wild populations using the CDC bottle bioassay.
Analysis and Research About Machining Center Coordinate System

Each axis NC machine tool is to point to programming, programming if the skilled use of coordinate system,will make programming easier, the axis of each axis machine tool paths will be more reasonable. It discusses the relationship between the coordinate system and its application in practice.
Development and Laboratory Evaluation of hydrate Inhibitor HBH Using in Deep-water Drilling.

When drill in deep water where the gas deposits,natural gas may break into drilling fluids and generates gas hydrate. The hydrate blocks the well bore and annular, and causes risk in normal drilling. In this paper, synthetic technology of hydrate inhibitor HBH is presented and its inhibitive property and compatibility with other additives are also evaluated in laboratory.Results showed that the hydrate forming is effectively suppressed when a few hydrate inhibitor HBH ( about 0. 5%) was added into the drilling fluid. Besides,the low molecule polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG600) provides some lubrication and collapse prevention in drilling fluid, and it inhibits the gas-hydrate formation effectively. When HBH is mixed with PEG600 (1:3), inhibition effect of the blend is better than that of the individuals.
Harmonic Suppression and Its Simulation Verification for Houcun Substation

Harmonic disturbances caused by a large number of industrial loads have led to severely poor power quality at Houcun Substation in Shandong.To address this problem effectively,the working conditions of the actual power system is simulated with PSCAD simulation software,and the"passive and active"Harmonic Suppression scheme is designed and the traditional filtering device and SVG(Static Var Generator,high voltage dynamic reactive power compensation device,or Static synchronous compensator) are installed at the medium voltage side of the substation.Through analyzing the system current changes before and after implementation of the scheme,it is shown that filtering compensation devices have obvious inhibitory effect on harmonics of the power system.
The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Signaling Complex

Publisher Summary The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling system is a ubiquitous fast-acting cellular sensor of local environmental changes and mediator of cell-to-cell communication with broad roles in cellular homeostasis in development and adult organs. Through the interaction of heparan sulfate (HS) with both activating FGF polypeptides and transmembrane FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinases, the system is rigorously modulated by the extracellular matrix and tissue architecture. The heparin-binding property reflects the intimate association of the FGF polypeptides with motifs within HS chains of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix and in the FGFR signaling complex. The HS and FGFR binding domains in FGFs are composed of secondary and tertiary structures formed from distal sequence domains. Functional analysis by site-directed mutagenesis indicates that heparin binding, FGF receptor (FGFR) binding, and biological activity are intimately associated. FGFs elicit activity by activation of an oligomeric complex of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases and HS proteoglycans. The intracellular juxtamembrane region is where the most important intracellular signal transmission relay adaptor (FRS2) and tyrosine kinase substrate associates with FGFR. Membrane-bound co-factors α klotho and β klotho convert the HS–FGFR1 signaling complex that normally responds to tissue FGFs to mediate cellular homeostasis in development and response to injury into an FGF21- and FGF23-controlled mediator of tissue-specific metabolic homeostasis. The role of the FGF family in specific biological systems, the diverse signaling pathways impacted by the FGF signaling system, and the irreconcilable differences in structural models of the FGF signaling complex are explained in this chapter.
A Taxonomy of Communication Networks

(2013). A Taxonomy of Communication Networks. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 37, Communication Yearbook 37, pp. 95-123.
Unified Approach to the Theory of Chromatography. II. Compressible, Neat Mobile Phase (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography)

The theoretical results derived in part I for liquid chromatography (LC) are transformed into equations describing the dependence of the solute distribution coefficient, K, on the reduced density, p R, and reduced temperature, TR, in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). This is readily achieved by exploiting isomorphic elements of critical-point behavior in a binary liquid system and a single-component fluid system. It is seen that the lnK expressions for SFLC and SFSC share a common form, viz., the sum of a zero-density contribution (lnK for ideal GLC or GSC), a mobile-phase contribution which is a quadratic function of p R and a linear function of TR -1, and a coupling contribution which reflects the respective sorption isotherms. Each of these terms involves molecular size and interaction energy parameters. The significance and implications of the theoretical SFC results are discussed. A quantitative application of the SFLC theory — the analysis of recently obtained capillary-column data -is presented and discussed in detail.
Global responsible intergenerational leadership: The quest of an integration of intergenerational equity in corporate social responsibility (CSR) models

Purpose Global systemic risks of climate change, overindebtedness in the aftermath of the 2008/2009 World Financial Crisis and the need for pension reform in the wake of an aging western world population, currently raise attention for intergenerational fairness. Pressing social dilemmas beyond the control of singular nation states call for corporate social activities to back governmental regulation in crisis mitigation. The purpose of this paper is to promote the idea of intergenerational equity in the corporate world. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical description. Findings In the given literature on global responsible leadership in the corporate sector and contemporary corporate social responsibility (CSR) models, intergenerational equity appears to have been neglected. While the notion of sustainability has been integrated in CSR models, intergenerational equity has hardly been touched on as for being a more legal case for codifying the triple bottom line. Practical implications Advocating for integrating intergenerational equity concerns in CSR models in academia and practice holds untapped advantages of economically influential corporate entities, corporate adaptability and independence from voting cycles. Social implications Integrating a temporal dimension in contemporary CSR helps imbuing a longer-term perspective into the corporate world alongside advancing tax ethics and global governance crises prevention. Originality/value Future research avenues comprise of investigating situational factors influencing intergenerational leadership in the international arena in order to advance the idea of corporations tackling the most pressing contemporary challenges of mankind.
Comparison and Correction of Modulus Reduction Models for Clays and Silts

AbstractPrediction models of normalized modulus reduction curves (G/Gmax) for clays and silts have been proposed by several researchers in the past decades. However, model uncertainties have been recognized in these studies. This study compares five prediction models of G/Gmax from previous studies, which use common predictor variables of cyclic shear strain amplitude, effective confining stress, and plasticity index. The relative differences between these models are described against these predictor variables. Then the model biases are evaluated through residual analyses using the modulus reduction database. Modulus reductions of G are also discussed by combining the prediction models of G/Gmax and Gmax to illustrate the importance of these combinations. Correlations among the residuals of ln(G) are calculated, and the correction factors of the G/Gmax model are presented conditioned on the Gmax and shear strength measurements.
Zebrafish models of leukemia.

The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a well-established, invaluable model system for the study of human cancers. The genetic pathways that drive oncogenesis are highly conserved between zebrafish and humans, and multiple unique attributes of the zebrafish make it a tractable tool for analyzing the underlying cellular processes that give rise to human disease. In particular, the high conservation between human and zebrafish hematopoiesis (Jing & Zon, 2011) has stimulated the development of zebrafish models for human hematopoietic malignancies to elucidate molecular pathogenesis and to expedite the preclinical investigation of novel therapies. While T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the first transgenic cancer model in zebrafish (Langenau et al., 2003), a wide spectrum of zebrafish models of human hematopoietic malignancies has been established since 2003, largely through transgenesis and genome-editing approaches. This chapter presents key examples that validate the zebrafish as an indispensable model system for the study of hematopoietic malignancies and highlights new models that demonstrate recent advances in the field.
Treatment Engagement: An Introduction

Increasingly, the field of behavioral health has recognized that there is a problem that might be called: the problem of behavioral health service delivery (O’Donohue & Dyer, 1993). That is, just because there are individuals who have problems (or will have problems); just because there is knowledge about how to remedy (or prevent) these problems; and just because there are professionals who are willing to deliver interventions—perhaps even evidence-based interventions, and just because there are entities (third parties or the consumers themselves) who are able and willing to pay for these interventions does not mean that treatment will be delivered. Aligning all of these dimensions is the core problem of behavioral health service delivery. Sometimes in research or scholarly work only one dimension of this problem is addressed. For example, typically, clinical researchers try to increase the knowledge base regarding clinical efficacy with little or no attention to the other dimensions necessary for this treatment to be actually delivered. Or, in other cases, behavioral health professionals deliver therapy with little or no attention to the other factors—for example, to the knowledge base about treatment efficacy or effectiveness. Each of these dimensions is important in the problem of behavioral health service delivery and must receive its due attention.
Utility of electronic medical recordbased fibrosis scores in predicting advanced cirrhosis in patients with hepatitic C virus infection

Objective To determine whether advanced cirrhosis - defined by the detection of nodular liver contours or portal venous collaterals on imaging studies - could be predicted by fibrosis algorithms, calculated using laboratory and demographic features extracted from patients' electronic medical records. To this end, we compared seven EMR-based fibrosis scores with liver imaging studies in a cohort of HCV patients. Methods A search of our health system's patient data warehouse identified 867 patients with chronic HCV infection. A total of 565 patients had undergone at least one liver imaging study and had no confounding medical condition affecting the imaging features or fibrosis scores. Demographic and laboratory data were used to calculate APRI, Fib4, Fibrosis Index, Forns, GUCI, Lok Index and Vira-HepC scores for all viremic patients who had undergone liver imaging. Data points selected for the calculation of these scores were based on laboratory results obtained within the shortest possible time from the imaging study. Areas under the receiver operating curves (AUROC), optimum cut-offs, sensitivities, specificities and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each score. Results Seven algorithms were performed similarly in predicting cirrhosis. Sensitivities ranged from 0.65 to 1.00, specificities from 0.67 to 0.90, positive predictive values from 0.33 to 0.38, and negative predictive values from 0.93 to 1.00. No individual test was superior, as the confidence intervals of all AUROCs overlapped. Conclusions EMR-based scoring systems performed relatively well in ruling out advanced, radiologically-defined cirrhosis. However, their moderate sensitivity and positive predictive values limit their reliability for EMR-based diagnosis.
Luis Fernando Granados, En el espejo haitiano: los indios del Bajío y el colapso del orden colonial en América Latina, Ciudad de México, Ediciones Era, 2016. 300 p.

Resena sobre Luis Fernando Granados, En el espejo haitiano: los indios del Bajio y el colapso del orden colonial en America Latina , Ciudad de Mexico, Ediciones Era, 2016.
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR AIR PASSENGER TRANSPORT AMONG SELECTED AIRLINES

Purpose : The purpose of this paper was to investigate the price and non-price determinants of demand for air passenger transport among selected airlines. Methodology : The study target population was airlines across the World. The study used a sample of 10 airlines across the World. The airlines included; British Airways, Ethiopian Airways, Emirates , Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, South Africa Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Kenya Airways, Egypt air and Air France. Secondary data of the selected airlines was collected from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) for the period from 2005 to 2014. The data collected was analyzed using STATA software to generate descriptive, trends and inferential statistics which were used to derive conclusions and generalizations regarding the population. The panel data regression model was used to determine the relationship between study variables. Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that both domestic and global interest rates have a negative and significant effect on demand for air passenger transport. Further, the study concluded that GDP growth (domestic), GDP growth (global) and GDP per capita have a positive and significant effect on demand for air passenger transport. Recommendations: Based on the findings, the study recommended that, at a macro level, airlines should consider adjusting their travel prices using the directional movements of the above mentioned variables as a guideline. Based on the findings, the study recommended that governments should use the study of demand drivers to forecast their capital investment plan for the improvement of the air transportation systems in their respective countries and design policies that require use of the demand drivers observed in this study for planning of aviation infrastructure expansion.
New Initiatives to Improve the Rigor and Reproducibility of Articles Published in Circulation Research

The rampant irreproducibility of scientific articles is arguably the most serious problem that bedevils biomedical research.1–12 It is a veritable plague that undermines the credibility of published studies, hinders clinical translation of basic work, and impedes the progress of medicine. Disquietingly, the problem seems to be getting worse rather than better.10 Although the causes of irreproducibility are multifarious, inadequate rigor is probably the most important2,11; thus, it will be impossible to augment reproducibility without augmenting methodological rigor. It is not the purpose of this editorial to revisit the nature, origins, mechanisms, and consequences of irreproducibility, all of which have been discussed innumerable times in recent years, both in the literature and in ad hoc workshops.1–12 There has been enough discussion; now it is time for action. Much of this action must come from editors. Publication of methodologically flawed or suboptimal research can be limited by promulgating, and diligently applying, higher standards during editorial evaluation of submitted work. The editors of Circulation Research believe that the journal has a responsibility to implement initiatives that promote more rigorous and, therefore, more reproducible scientific work. It is for this reason that Circulation Research has published several reviews, editorials, Viewpoints, and News & Views articles focused on this issue.1,2,7–12 It is for this reason that the journal has joined other leading journals to promote reproducibility of biomedical research4 by endorsing the National Institutes of Health principles and guidelines for reporting preclinical research,6 and it is for this very reason that we have recently chosen to publish a study showing that only a minority of preclinical animal experiments reported in leading cardiovascular journals (including Circulation Research ) adheres to basic criteria necessary to assure rigor: for …
Flow limitation and dysanapsis in children and adolescents with exertional dyspnea.

Abstract The consequence of dysanapsis, quantitated by dysanapsis ratio (DR), on expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during exercise in pediatric subjects was examined. EFL occurred in 80 (56%) subjects from an enriched sample of children and adolescents tested during investigation of exertional dyspnea. DR was lower in subjects with vs without EFL during exercise: (0.055 ± 0.015 vs 0.067 ± 0.017, p
Reimagining Black Subjectivity: A Psychoanalysis of Frederick Douglass

This chapter examines the personal stories, expressions, communications, feelings, and psychological patterns expressed by Frederick Douglass in all four autobiographical narratives. Such observations underwrite the concept of the interior force of being that is offered up in this project. Additionally, the concept of the intersubjective matrix is developed as well. The intersubjective milieu is a psychosocial space that represents the amalgamation of histories, heritages, cultures, religion, and other sociopolitical factors, all of which condition and inform individual and collective subjectivity. Understanding the reciprocal nature of how the intersubjective milieu affects individuals and groups and how it is in turn impacted by the same individuals and groups is essential to addressing the question of how we account for the subjectivity of Frederick Douglass in the extreme context of the slavocracy.
The microhabitat distribution of the Arkansas River shiner, Notropis girardi: a habitat-mosaic approach

I evaluated the microhabitat distribution of the Arkansas River shiner, Notropis girardi, a candidate species for protection under the Endangered Species Act over a two-year period. Seasonal microhabitat samples were taken at three localities along the South Canadian River in central Oklahoma. The microhabitats sampled were defined subjectively based on structural and substrate characteristics: adjacent to stream banks, underwater sand ridges, or exposed sand islands, and within stream pools, midchannels, or backwaters. At each microhabitat, the following physicochemical measurements were made: depth, temperature, current speed, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH. Notropis girardi used many microhabitats and the patterns varied seasonally and ontogenetically. Contingency tests indicated that bank, island, and sandridge habitats had significantly more N. girardi than the others (p<0.01), whereas midchannel habitats were used significantly less often than other habitat types. A greater number of individuals were found in microhabitats defined by depths of 0–50 cm and current speeds of 0–50 cm s-1 although faster current speeds were used with high frequency. Selection of deeper water was only apparent during the summer. Juveniles selected shallow, slow flowing backwater habitat types more frequently than did adults. Habitats adjacent to underwater sand ridges were important to both adults and juveniles, but similar types such as islands and banks also were used. No single physicochemical feature was linked to high densities of this species. During its life cycle, N. girardi used most of the range of features encountered in the S. Canadian River; thus, maintenance of the riverine landscape (i.e. all of the attributes of rivers in the native range of N. girardi) will be necessary to ensure that this species has access to appropriate habitat types throughout its life cycle.
Juvenile Stature Estimation: A Chilean Perspective

Limited analysis has been conducted for estimating stature derived from the long bone lengths of juvenile skeletons. Juvenile stature estimation can be particularly useful in the forensic setting, which may have applications for use as a proxy for nutritional health. Stature equations developed by Ruff (Am J Phys Anthropol 133:698–716, 2007) and Smith (J Forensic Sci 52:538–546, 2007) derived from modern European Americans were used to predict juvenile stature from long bones. Significant differences were noted for 13–15 year age range for the femur, tibia, and humerus and for the 16–17 year age range for femur, tibia, and radius between Chilean and European American juvenile long bone lengths and stature. Based on these results, the younger age groups may be used (4–6 and 7–9 years) but not the older ones (13–15 and 16–17 years).
The regulation of subcortical dopamine systems by the prefrontal cortex: interactions of central dopamine systems and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

A recent hypothesis of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia posits a developmentally-specific dysfunction of the dopaminergic innervation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC; Weinberger, 1987; Berman and Weinberger, 1990). It has been difficult to reconcile this hypothesis with the observation that all clinically effective antipsychotic drugs used for the treatment of schizophrenia block dopamine D2 receptors (see Deutch et al., 1991a). A resolution between the suggestion of functional dopamine (DA) “depletion” in the PFC and enhanced subcortical DA function was offered by studies of Carter, Pycock, and associates (Carter and Pycock, 1980; Pycock et al., 1980a,b). These investigators reported that depletion of DA in the rat PFC enhanced DA utilization in subcortical sites such as the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) and striatum. Thus, a functional deficit in DA neurotransmission in the PFC would increase subcortical DA turnover, and the D2 receptor blockade induced by antipsychotic drugs would counteract the increase in dopaminergic tone in subcortical sites. This hypothesis has been particularly influential because it incorporates both an explanation for negative symptoms, which are thought to reflect cortical dysfunction (a derangement in DA transmission in the PFC), and the efficacy of anti-psychotic drugs in the treatment of positive symptoms (arising from increases in subcortical DA tone).
Psychosocial Aspects of Genetic Disorders: Implications for Practice:

Generic disorders can potentially interfere with interpersonal relationships and normal social develop' ment as well as disrupt family life. As scientific and technological advances in medical gene...