cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timed Shannon Circuits: A Power-Efficient Design Style and Synthesis Tool

A method of synthesizing low-power combinational logic circuits from Shannon Graphs is proposed such that an n input, m output circuit realization using 2-input gates with unbounded fanout has O(nm) transitions per input vector. Under a bounded fanout model, the transition activity is increased at most by a factor of n. Moreover, the power consumption is independent of circuit delays.
Myths about the State

As a specialist in international politics, I have always believed that my primary business is to study states, those important political, legal and administrative units into which the world is divided. That preoccupation is not, of course, limited to my professional clan. All of political science, whether or not it is formally held to include international politics as a sub-discipline, focuses on the state, although it necessarily deals with other kinds of entity as well. Our academic brethren in such fields as history, economics and sociology also pay quite a lot of attention to the state. For that matter, no human being in today’s world can escape the profound influence of the state, even though he may study nothing at all.
Expert system mixed-model assembly line scheduling

Abstract Consumer demand for variety forces manufacturers to produce models in families that can be adapted to include optional features. Scheduling assembly lines to produce these models is a complex task that requires the satisfaction of numerous constraints, such aa model selection and sequencing, lot sizes, models complexity, line interdependencies, lines capacity, and line changeover cost. This paper describes an expert system scheduler that uses a conflict resolution procedure driven by component changeover costs, intraline and interline constraints, and a set of heuristics that affect the production of the whole factory. Base models and their components are represented by object-oriented methods; rules accessing objects create production plans by resolving conflicts arising from the interactions between the numerous constraints. The resulting plans are then used to set up the production in the lines and to provide feedback to manufacturing and marketing.
Antagonism of ethanol by pretreatment or posttreatment with RO 15-4513 and indomethacin alone or in combination

RO 15-4513, an inverse agonist at the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor Cl- channel complex, antagonizes multiple effects of ethanol. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, such as indomethacin, also antagonize several effects of alcohols. However, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and RO 15-4513 each provide only partial antagonism of ethanol, typically seen as a dose-related effect with a maximum efficacy of approximately 50%. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare the relative efficacy of these compounds for antagonizing ethanol; (2) compare the effectiveness of preethanol treatment versus postethanol treatment with each drug; and (3) compare the effect of RO 15-4513 and indomethacin in combination with the effects of each drug alone. The results show that indomethacin significantly decreased duration of loss of the righting reflex when administered either pre- or postethanol. Conversely, RO 15-4513 decreased duration of loss of the righting reflex only when given preethanol. When coadministered, RO 15-4513 and indomethacin did not show additive or synergistic effects. Compounds from these two drugs classes should continue to prove useful in elucidating ethanol's mechanisms of action.
Slow-tonic MHC expression in paralyzed hindlimbs of fetal rats.

Whether nerve activity and active contraction of myotubes are essential for the assembly and initial differentiation of muscle spindles was investigated by paralyzing fetal rats with tetrodotoxin (TTX) from embryonic day 16 (E16) to E21, prior to and during the period when spindles typically form. TTX-treated soleus muscles were examined by light and electron microscopy for the presence of spindles and expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms by the intrafusal fibers. Treatment with TTX did not inhibit the formation of a spindle capsule or the expression of a slow-tonic MHC isoform characteristic of intrafusal fibers, but did retard development of spindles. Spindles of TTX-treated E21 muscles usually consisted of one intrafusal fiber (bag2) only rather than two fibers (bag1 and bag2) typically present in untreated (control) E21 spindles. Intrafusal fibers of TTX-treated spindles also had only one sensory region supplied by multiple afferents, and were devoid of motor innervation. These features are characteristic of spindles in normal E18–E19 muscles. Thus, nerve and/or muscle activity is not essential for the assembly of muscle spindles, formation of a spindle capsule, and transformation of undifferentiated myotubes into the intrafusal fibers containing spindle-specific myosin isoforms. However, activity may promote the maturation of intrafusal bundles, as well as the maturation of afferent and efferent nerve supplies to intrafusal fibers.
Managing a project course using Extreme Programming

Shippensburg University offers an upper division project course in which the students use a variant of Extreme Programming (XP) including: the Planning Game, the Iteration Planning Game, test driven development, stand-up meetings and pair programming. We start the course with two weeks of controlled lab exercises designed to teach the students about test driven development in JUnit/Eclipse and designing for testability (with the humble dialog box design pattern) while practicing pair programming. The rest of our semester is spent in three four-week iterations developing a product for a customer. Our teams are generally large (14-16 students) so that the projects can be large enough to motivate the use of configuration management and defect tracking tools. The requirement of pair programming limits the amount of project work the students can do outside of class, so class time is spent on the projects and teaching is on-demand individual mentoring with lectures/labs inserted as necessary. One significant challenge in managing this course is tracking individual responsibilities and activities to ensure that all of the students are fully engaged in the project. To accomplish this, we have modified the story and task cards from XP to provide feedback to the students and track individual performance against goals as part of the students' grades. The resulting course has been well received by the students. This paper will describe this course in more detail and assess its effect on students' software engineering background through students' feedback and code metrics
The Impact of XBRL Reporting on Market Efficiency

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the impact of XBRL reporting required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on market efficiency. Based on the disclosure theories about imperfect markets, we hypothesize that XBRL reporting facilitates the generation and infusion of idiosyncratic information into the market and thus improves market efficiency. Our findings show a synchronous increase of information asymmetry and trading volume as posited in the disclosure theory and our hypotheses.
The Cyclic Dipeptide Cyclo(Phe-Pro) Inhibits Cholera Toxin and Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Production in O1 El Tor Vibrio cholerae

Cyclo(Phe-Pro) is a cyclic dipeptide produced by multiple Vibrio species. In this work, we present evidence that cyclo(Phe-Pro) inhibits the production of the virulence factors cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) in O1 El Tor Vibrio cholerae strain N16961 during growth under virulence gene-inducing conditions. The cyclo(Phe-Pro) inhibition of CT and TCP production correlated with reduced transcription of the virulence regulator tcpPH and was alleviated by overexpression of tcpPH.
Assessing tumor contrast in radiographically dense breast tissue using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI)

Radiographic density adversely affects the performance of X-ray mammography and can be particularly problematic in younger and high-risk women. Because of this limitation, there is significant ongoing effort to develop alternative cancer screening and detection strategies for this population. This pilot study evaluates the potential of Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI) to image known tumors in dense breast tissue. We performed a retrospective analysis on 24 radiographically dense breast cancer subjects measured with DOSI over a four-year period (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System - BI-RADS, category 3 and 4, average age = 39 ± 7.6, average maximum size 31 ± 17 mm). Two previously-described DOSI contrast functions, the tissue optical index (TOI) and the specific tumor component (STC), which are based upon the concentrations and spectral signatures of hemoglobin, water and lipids, respectively, were used to form 2D optical images of breast tumors. Using TOI and STC, 21 out of 24 breast tumors were found to be statistically different from the surrounding highly vascularized dense tissue and to be distinguishable from the areolar region. For these patients, the tumor to normal contrast was 2.6 ± 1.2 (range 1.3 to 5.5) and 10.0 ± 7.5 (range 3.3 to 26.4) for TOI and STC, respectively. STC images were particularly useful in eliminating metabolic background from the retroareolar region which led to identification of two out of four retroareolar tumors. Using both the abundance and the disposition of the tissue chromophores recovered from the DOSI measurements, we were able to observe tumor contrast relative to dense breast tissue. These preliminary results suggest that DOSI spectral characterization strategies may provide new information content that could help imaging breast tumors in radiographically dense tissue and in particular in the areolar complex.
Surface Modification for Protein and DNA Immobilization onto GMR Biosensor

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensor with 20 nm SiO 2 on surface was successfully modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (Glu). The resultant functionalized surface with terminal aldehyde groups was able to efficiently capture Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibody and amine modified DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) oligonucleotide. The immobilized IL-6 antibody could bind to IL-6 antigen, and fluorescence sandwich assay was demonstrated. The immobilized DNA could also hybridize with complementary DNA oligonucleotide. Streptavidin labeled magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm were both successfully bound to IL-6 antibody and DNA immobilized GMR biosensors after their respective sandwich binding and complementary hybridization. This APTES-Glu modification method could be also applicable to other surface for protein and DNA microarrays.
Growth inhibition and pyocin receptor properties of endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

SummaryEndotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited bacteriocinogenic activity against several auto-plaque positive strains and appeared to enhance auto-plaque production in the inhibited strains, whereas all auto-plaque negative strains were unaffected. However, chemically removed protein moiety of the endotoxin did not exhibit any bacteriocinogenic activity when tested against seventy strains of P. aeruginosa. In addition, endotoxin appeared to behave as specific receptor site for bacteriocin particles (pyocin) obtained from P. aeruginosa. Consequently, when uncontracted pyocin particles from strain C9 were incubated with endotoxin from the sensitive indicator strain W9, they adsorbed to the endotoxin and underwent contraction. However, pyocin from C9 did not adsorb or undergo contraction when incubated with endotoxin from C9.
Organizational Adaptations to Changing Cultural Contingencies

An integrated conceptual framework acceptable across different disciplines and theoretical perspectives is presented. The scheme promotes one aspect of organizational environments, the cultural context, as crucial to explaining organizational structure or behavior. By crosstabulating member consensus and community consensus consistent predictions regarding survival, “character,” and goal behavior are achieved for a diverse range of case studies. It is suggested, therefore, that community consensus be treated as a common denominator in future attempts to ferret out the necessary and sufficient conditions associated with particular organizational structures and behaviors.
An aperture synthesis study of Saturn and its rings at 3.71-cm wavelength☆

Aperture synthesis maps of Saturn and its ring system are presented. The maps are free from most of the assumptions about the brightness structure of Saturn that were used in a previous model-fitting analysis. Generally, the maps confirm the model-fitting results, with the exception that the brightness temperature of the planet determined by the models is greater than it needs to be in order to match the contours in the map. This discrepancy is attributed to random errors in the phase of the visibility function.
Nanoparticle Assembly via Hydrogen-Bonding: IRS, TEM and AFM Characterizations

This paper reports results of the characterizations of nanoparticle assembly formed via spontaneous core-shell and shell-shell reactivities at thiolate-capped gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles of two different core sizes and thiols with carboxylic acid terminals are exploited as a model system. The reactivities involve covalent Au-thiolate bonding and non-covalent hydrogen-bonding with anisotropic linking character. We employed infrared reflection spectroscopy (IRS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the characterizations. While IRS provides structural assessment, TEM and AFM imaging measurements probe the morphological properties.
Clinical characteristics and length of hospital stay among older adults with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, depression, and dementia.

Although many older adults with serious psychiatric illnesses share common concerns, such as medical comorbidity, personal loss, greater propensity for adverse medication effects, and greater dependence on others for basic needs such as transportation, individualized treatment needs must be differentiated by underlying psychiatric disorders. This retrospective study evaluated clinical characteristics and resource use among 137 older adults with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, depression, and dementia who were discharged from an urban, academic medical center’s inpatient geropsychiatric unit. The authors found women to be significantly overrepresented among individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder compared to those with bipolar disorder, depression, and dementia (P= .034). Among those with bipolar disorder, anticonvulsant medications were predominantly used as mood stabilizers, with only the rare use of lithium. Individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffectiv...
High accuracy, low complexity performance prediction in adaptive MIMO systems

In Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, predicting performance prior to data transmission is needed to appropriately select transmitter parameters (e.g. power, code rate). The prediction must be both accurate and easy to compute, given limited resources. An algorithm taking too much time to run or excessive circuitry to implement cannot be deployed. This paper presents an algorithm to predict the average bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) of a MIMO system, so that prediction is not only accurate, but is also of low computational complexity. Since the algorithm makes no a-priori assumptions about the channel, it is applicable to a wide variety of random channels. In our results, we show a good match between the predicted BER and PER, and the BER, PER from simulated data transmission.
Redefining the Axis of Beijing: Revolution and Nostalgia in the Planning of the PRC Capital

This article analyzes the urban planning controversies that led to the fast expansion of Chang'an Avenue and the irreversible alteration of Beijing's urban fabric, focusing on the issue of Beijing city's dominant axis in the Liang-Chen Scheme and Zhu-Zhao Scheme around the year 1950. My argument is that the failure of Liang's vision for Beijing was mainly due to the nostalgic nature of his proposal and its close affiliation with the imperial model, which did not meet the expectation of the revolutionary spirit of the time. Politics did play a central role in the urban transformation of Beijing in the People's Republic of China. However, instead of treating architects' debate as a footnote to Mao's casual comments, this article integrates the Chinese Communist Party's political agenda as part of the architectural discourse.
Photosynthetic apparatus of purple bacteria

3. Excitation transfer in the PSU 18 3.1 Electronic excitations of BChls 22 3.1.1 Individual BChls 22 3.1.2 Rings of BChls 22 3.1.2.1 Exciton states 22 3.1.3 Effective Hamiltonian 24 3.1.4 Optical properties 25 3.1.5 The effect of disorder 26 3.2 Theory of excitation transfer 29 3.2.1 General theory 29 3.2.2 Mechanisms of excitation transfer 32 3.2.3 Approximation for long-range transfer 34 3.2.4 Transfer to exciton states 35 3.3 Rates for transfer processes in the PSU 37 3.3.1 Car U BChl transfer 37 3.3.1.1 Mechanism of Car U BChl transfer 39 3.3.1.2 Pathways of Car U BChl transfer 40 3.3.2 Efficiency of Car U BChl transfer 40 3.3.3 B800–B850 transfer 44 3.3.4 LH-II U LH-II transfer 44 3.3.5 LH-II U LH-I transfer 45 3.3.6 LH-I U RC transfer 45 3.3.7 Excitation migration in the PSU 46 3.3.8 Genetic basis of PSU assembly 49
Young Children and Music Technology

This article begins with an overview of music technology today, its history and current status. The development of MIDI, digital sound synthesis, and CD audio are mentioned. Developments in music s...
The mud, the blood, and the beer guys: Organizational osmosis in blue‐collar work groups

Abstract This essay examines the communicative processes associated with organizational assimilation within blue‐collar work groups in a manufacturing company. The study hinges on a heretofore unidentified variation to traditional assimilation models, labeled as organizational osmosis. Organizational osmosis refers to the seemingly effortless adoption of the ideas, values, and culture of an organization on the basis of preexisting socialization experiences. The study explores how a common ideological grounding and anticipatory socialization experiences increase identification mechanisms among work group members. This ideological grounding is influenced by interaction with family, friends, and peers during anticipatory stages and results in organizational osmosis. Because these newcomers strongly identify with the values and goals of the organization, these members submit to mechanisms of control and discipline in their work group. The essay concludes with implications for the future study of communication...
Seismic Performance Assessment of Steel Frames Upgraded with Self-Centering Viscous Dampers

This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of steel frames upgraded with shape memory alloy (SMA)-based self-centering viscous dampers. The proposed Superelastic Viscous Damper (SVD) relies on SMA elements for re-centering capability and employs viscoelastic (VE) damper that consists of two layers of a high damped (HD) blended butyl elastomer compound to augment its energy dissipation capacity. First, experimental tests are conducted to characterize behavior of SMA elements and VE damper and to assess the influence of various parameters such as displacement amplitude and loading frequency on their mechanical response. A prototype of the SVD is designed and fabricated. Then, an analytical model of a four-story steel special moment frame building with the installed SVDs is developed to determine the dynamic response of the structure. The incremental dynamic analysis is used to evaluate the behavior of controlled and uncontrolled buildings under 18 different ground motion records. The analytical results indicate that the buildings upgraded with the proposed passive control device effectively mitigate the peak interstory drifts and residual story drifts.
Karelis, Charles. (2008). The Persistence of Poverty: Why the Economics of the Well-off Can't Help the Poor. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press (208 pp., $30.00/$18.00, hb/pb, ISBN 0-300-120907)

Why do the poor work fewer hours and save less than the well-off? Why are the children of the poor more likely to drop out of school? Why are criminal behavior and alcohol abuse more prevalent amon...
Biological interactions taking place at a liquid-solid interface.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biological interactions taking place at a liquid–solid interface. The investigated reactions presented in the chapter are of two kinds: (1) the interactions of adsorbed layers of antigen, protein, or polysaccharide, with antibodies present in solutions into which the antigen-coated slides were immersed and (2) proteolytic action of trypsin on adsorbed layers of susceptible substrate. The chapter describes the experiments that are involved in the interaction of protein or polysaccharide molecules adsorbed on the surface of a slide with molecules of antibodies or enzymes in solution. Specific interaction between antigens and antibodies takes place in definite multiple proportions, that is, in stoichiometric ratios, and no covalent bonds are involved. A definite long-range order of antigen molecules adsorbed on a slide permits a long-range interaction with antibody molecules, which does not require contacts between antigen and antibody. Only in the past few years has it been possible to demonstrate experimentally the fact that antibodies can be specifically immobilized on a membrane separating them from adsorbed underlying antigen molecules. In vivo long-range interactions might arise from cooperation between molecules condensed with long-range order in view of the prevalence of interface at many levels of organization.
Defining reducible risk : Social dimensions of assessing birth technologies.

In maternity care, costly high-technology interventions that have never been shown to be clinically effective continue to be used in the United States, while inexpensive and effective low-technology interventions continue to be underused. Three high-technology approaches to risk reduction—electronic fetal monitoring, cesarean section, and home uterine activity monitoring are contrasted with three low-technology approaches—prenatal care, smoking cessation, and nutrition supplementation. These technologies are examined in terms of current controversies over their safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. Examination of these controversies illustrates how the medical technology industry, the regulatory process, and systems of social stratification contribute to social and cultural constructions of what are regarded as reducible birth risks.
Spontaneous activity and water intake in the rat under the effects of scopolamine HBr and magnesium pemoline

Two experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of scopolamine HBr and magnesium pemoline on spontaneous activity and water intake. Both drugs were found to increase the level of wheel running but with different temporal parameters. Water intake was increased by magnesium pemoline, whereas scopolamine decreased the amount of water consumed during the activity increase. Results are discussed with regard to the interpretation of drug effects on performance in appetitive and nonappetitive reward situations.
Imaging and fiber-optic probe based polarized light scattering techniques for differentiating tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells

Fiber-optic probe based measurements are presented which can differentiate tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells. Progress towards an imaging system which will provide more information than the probe based system is also presented.
A low power software-defined-radio baseband processor for the Internet of Things

In this paper, we define a configurable Software Defined Radio (SDR) baseband processor design for the Internet of Things (IoT). We analyzed the fundamental algorithms in communications systems on IoT devices to enable a microarchitecture design that supports many IoT standards and custom nonstandard communications. Based on this analysis, we propose a custom SIMD execution model coupled with a scalar unit. We introduce several architectural optimizations to this design: streaming registers, variable bit width datapath, dedicated ALUs for critical kernels, and an optimized flexible reduction network. We employ voltage scaling and clock gating to further reduce the power, while more than a 100% time margin has been reserved for reliable operation in the near-threshold region. Together our architectural enhancements lead to a 71× power reduction compared to a classic general purpose SDR SIMD architecture. Our IoT SDR datapath has sub-mW power consumption based on SPICE simulation, and is placed and routed to fit within an area of 0.074mm2 in a 28nm process. We implemented several essential elementary signal processing kernels and combined them to demonstrate two end-to-end upper bound systems, 802.15.4-OQPSK and Bluetooth Low Energy. Our full SDR baseband system consists of a configurable SIMD with a control plane MCU and memory. For comparison, the best commercial wireless transceiver consumes 23.8mW for the entire wireless system (digital/RF/ analog). We show that our digital system power is below 2mW, in other words only 8% of the total system power. The wireless system is dominated by RF/analog power comsumption, thus the price of flexibility that SDR affords is small. We believe this work is unique in demonstrating the value of baseband SDR in the low power IoT domain.
Metabolism of “Sulfapyridine-Fast” and Parent Strains of Pneumococcus Type I

SummaryThe acquisition of “sulfapyridine-fastness” by a strain of pneumococcus Type I is associated with a marked diminution in the production of hydrogen peroxide in cultures of this strain. Cell suspensions of the parent and drug-fast strains dehydrogenate glucose equally well. On the other hand, the acquisition of sulfapyridine-fastness is associated with a marked loss of dehydrogenaseactivity for certain 3-carbon compounds (glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate). When sulfapyridine is added directly to the reacting system the dehydrogenase-activity of the parent cells for the same 3-carbon compounds is likewise much decreased.
Proof without words: The Gaussian Quadrature as the Area of Either Trapezoid

(1987). Proof without words: The Gaussian Quadrature as the Area of Either Trapezoid. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 89-89.
The Relation of Stores to Brood Rearing

While pursuing studies on the rate of brood-rearing of bees at the Kansas State Agricultural College, it was found that there was a very intimate connection between the amount of stores left with a colony of bees in the fall and the rate of its brood rearing, or building up during the following spring. When a colony was well supplied with stores, it reached its maximum before the main honey flow began, whereas those colonies which were insufficiently supplied by stores did not reach their maximum until after the honey flow was well under way. Furthermore, the maximum reached by the colonies which were insufficiently supplied by stores was not as high at the time it was reached as was the rate of broodrearing in the stronger colonies which were then on a decline. The economic importance of this is to call attention to the necessity of leaving plenty of stores in the fall rather than to leave a lesser amount with the intention in mind of feeding the bees in the spring, if necessary.
Population Trends of the Federally Endangered Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) at the Blue Grass Army Depot, Kentucky

ABSTRACT: Running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) is a federally endangered plant that was historically abundant and widespread from Kansas to West Virginia. Here we describe population trends and patch-scale population characteristics of T. stoloniferum based on more than two decades of sampling at the Blue Grass Army Depot in central Kentucky, the site with the most patches of this species across its extant range. A total of 168 patches of T. stoloniferum have been discovered at the site since 1992. Beginning in 2001, we conducted counts of individual ramets and inflorescences in each patch, and observed a range of 1160–9574 ramets and 54–2054 inflorescences per year from 2001 to 2014. While the number of individual ramets and inflorescences fluctuated widely among years, patches have steadily disappeared. Of all patches known since 1992, 66% are extirpated. The size of a T. stoloniferum patch is strongly related to its probability of persistence: patches with 20 or fewer ramets had a 50% chance...
Seasonal changes in the thermal regime and gastropod tolerance to temperature and desiccation stress in the rocky intertidal zone in Southeast Alaska

Abstract Low tide emersion of intertidal fauna in the inside passage from Puget Sound, WA to Skagway, AK produces more extreme emersion temperatures than on the outer continental coastline because the timing of low tides increases the potential for summer high temperatures and winter low temperatures. This study documents seasonal changes in water/aerial temperatures at different tidal heights in 2007–2008 and the summer of 2015 and reports the high emersion temperature (5 h) and desiccation tolerance of three species of rocky shore gastropods. Vertical transects of probes were deployed at Bridget Cove at + 5.0 m (above the tidal range), + 3.5, + 2.5 m, + 1.5 m and 0 m. Two additional probes were partially buried at + 1.5 m; burial ameliorated freezing temperatures. Duration of emersion increased with intertidal height and was of longer duration at + 3.5 m during Neap tides and at + 1.5 and 0 m during Spring tides. Monthly measures of temperature were: average temperature, monthly maximum, average daily monthly maximum, average daily monthly minimum, and monthly minimum. Monthly maximum air temperature increased with tidal height. Winter average daily monthly minimum fell below 0 °C at the + 3.5, + 2.5, and + 1.5 m tidal heights for the aerially exposed probes. The number of days when emersion temperature fell below 0 °C increased with intertidal height as did the number of hours per day. High temperature emersion tolerance of Nucella lamellosa, Nucella lima and Littorina sitkana varied directly with their intertidal range but their desiccation tolerance did not suggesting that desiccation is not an abiotic stressor in this temperate rain forest intertidal zone. The LT50 temperature (5 h) was considerably above recorded monthly maximum temperatures in the vertical range of N. lamellosa and L. sitkana but the LT50 of N. lima was very near the maximum monthly temperature at + 2.5 m.
A Companion to Heritage Studies (Logan, Nic Craith, and Kockel, eds.)

This work is a book review considering the title A Companion to Heritage Studies, edited by William Logan, Mairead Nic Craith, and Ullrich Kockel.
A Synthetic Oxygen Atom Transfer Photocycle from a Diruthenium Oxyanion Complex

Three new diruthenium oxyanion complexes have been prepared, crystallographically characterized, and screened for their potential to photochemically unmask a reactive Ru—Ru═O intermediate. The most promising candidate, Ru2(chp)4ONO2 (4, chp = 6-chloro-2-hydroxypyridinate), displays a set of signals centered around m/z = 733 amu in its MALDI-TOF mass spectrum, consistent with the formation of the [Ru2(chp)4O]+ ([6]+) ion. These signals shift to 735 amu in 4*, which contains an 18O-labeled nitrate. EPR spectroscopy and headspace GC-MS analysis indicate that NO2• is released upon photolysis of 4, also consistent with the formation of 6. Photolysis of 4 in CH2Cl2 at room temperature in the presence of excess PPh3 yields OPPh3 in 173% yield; control experiments implicate 6, NO2•, and free NO3– as the active oxidants. Notably, Ru2(chp)4Cl (3) is recovered after photolysis. Since 3 is the direct precursor to 4, the results described herein constitute the first example of a synthetic cycle for oxygen atom transfe...
Physical Siting of Locations for Housing, Commerce, Industry, and Parkland

Where there is an existing population center in the a lower part of drainage basin, a consideration of new settlement upstream in the drainage basin has to evaluate its possible impact on the established population center downstream. Impacts could include a reduction of water supply or enhanced flood potential as vegetated/forested open areas in the upper reaches of the drainage basin are covered with housing and infrastructure so that water does not soak into the ground but rather runs off into streams/rivers that could cause flood problems in the down-flow areas.
Bipolar Disorder and Population Health

This Open Forum addresses considerations for improving treatment of bipolar disorder. Most individuals with bipolar disorder report not receiving treatment from a psychiatrist in the past 12 months. In the United States, a large proportion of persons with bipolar disorder seek treatment in primary care. These patients have high symptom severity and functional impairment but are less likely to receive mood-stabilizing medications. In a prior study in a primary care setting, the authors found that one-third of patients with bipolar disorder improved after receiving treatment in primary care in a statewide collaborative care program. The collaborative care approach, originally developed for treating patients with depression in primary care, may need to be strengthened or adapted for treating patients with bipolar disorder. Strategies such as telehealth or enhanced collaborative care that also addresses psychosocial needs may be needed to effectively treat patients with bipolar disorder seeking treatment in p...
Indoor light recycling: a new home for organic photovoltaics

The field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has long focused on matching silicon solar cells, both in high power conversion efficiency (PCE) under solar light and broad absorption of the solar spectrum. We show that OPV devices, which have significantly lower PCEs than high-performing crystalline silicon cells when measured under the typical AM 1.5G solar standard, can surpass silicon cells with PCEs >20% measured under LED light. We highlight that the conflation of the terms “solar cell” and “photovoltaic” gives an incomplete view of the potential of many photovoltaic materials, especially organic materials. By expanding the definition and assessment of photovoltaic devices to include multiple light sources, OPVs—with their higher PCEs under indoor light and qualitative benefits of being lightweight, thin, flexible, and semi-transparent—could have a home in previously unconsidered low-power indoor applications.
Extra-articular Pathology of the Hip

Hip pain is a common clinical problem and is often the result of soft tissue pathology around the hip joint. The complex anatomy and physiology of the extra-articular hip structures create diagnostic challenges for the clinician treating a symptomatic patient. Familiarity with anatomy and functional roles of the soft tissue structures around the hip is necessary for accurate interpretation of imaging findings.
Vowel harmony in Klao: linear and nonlinear analyses

Klao, a Kru language spoken in Liberia, has a nine-vowel system. Like most other Kru languages, it displays harmony sensitive to pharyngeal constriction (tongue-root retraction). What gives the Klao vowel-harmony system special interest is the fact that a great deal of variation occurs, suggesting that vowel harmony is in some way optional. This provides a counter-example to the claim (made in Clements [1977]) that root-controlled vowel harmony is always obligatory. Given this optionality, the question arises as to which model best captures the facts of Klao vowel harmony. Two frameworks are considered: one, along the lines of Anderson [1930l, treats vowel harmony as one more assimilation rule, and the other, following the model found in Clements [1981l, handles vowel harmony autosegmentally.
Update on the Management of Infectious Keratitis

Infectious keratitis is a major global cause of visual impairment and blindness, often affecting marginalized populations. Proper diagnosis of the causative organism is critical, and although culture remains the prevailing diagnostic tool, newer techniques such as in vivo confocal microscopy are helpful for diagnosing fungus and Acanthamoeba . Next-generation sequencing holds the potential for early and accurate diagnosis even for organisms that are difficult to culture by conventional methods. Topical antibiotics remain the best treatment for bacterial keratitis, and a recent review found all commonly prescribed topical antibiotics to be equally effective. However, outcomes remain poor secondary to corneal melting, scarring, and perforation. Adjuvant therapies aimed at reducing the immune response associated with keratitis include topical corticosteroids. The large, randomized, controlled Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial found that although steroids provided no significant improvement overall, they did seem beneficial for ulcers that were central, deep or large, non- Nocardia, or classically invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; for patients with low baseline vision; and when started early after the initiation of antibiotics. Fungal ulcers often have worse clinical outcomes than bacterial ulcers, with no new treatments since the 1960s when topical natamycin was introduced. The randomized controlled Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT) I showed a benefit of topical natamycin over topical voriconazole for fungal ulcers, particularly among those caused by Fusarium . MUTT II showed that oral voriconazole did not improve outcomes overall, although there may have been some effect among Fusarium ulcers. Given an increase in nonserious adverse events, the authors concluded that they could not recommend oral voriconazole. Viral keratitis differs from bacterial and fungal cases in that it is often recurrent and is common in developed countries. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) I showed a significant benefit of topical corticosteroids and oral acyclovir for stromal keratitis. HEDS II showed that oral acyclovir decreased the recurrence of any type of herpes simplex virus keratitis by approximately half. Future strategies to reduce the morbidity associated with infectious keratitis are likely to be multidimensional, with adjuvant therapies aimed at modifying the immune response to infection holding the greatest potential to improve clinical outcomes.
A Marathon Runner with a Change in Mental Status

A 45-year-old previously healthy man presented in the late spring to the emergency department with complaints of 2 months of weight loss (47 lb) leading to a 25% weight reduction, fevers, night sweats, chills, a dry cough, and confusion for 3 days. Seven weeks earlier, he had noted the onset of a rash starting on the palms and soles and later on the dorsal surfaces of his hands and feet, transiently on his back. Most recently, in the previous 3 weeks, he also noted a rash on the nose and surrounding his mouth. For 5 weeks, he had diarrhea. Three months before presentation, he traveled to New Orleans and Sacramento, California for work-related meetings. He worked as a lawyer and was a marathon runner.
Justified grievances? A quantitative examination of case outcomes at the international tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

AbstractScholars have long debated the impartiality of the ICTY. Some argue that the Tribunal is biased while others argue that it fairly and impartially seeks justice for all the victims of the wa...
Das NAOS-System

Im folgenden werden die Entwurfsziele sowie die verschiedenen Reprasentationsebenen von NAOS dargestellt, um die Umgebung, in welche die hier vorgestellte Verbalisierungskomponente einge- bettet ist, zu verdeutlichen.
Finding Directions to a Good GPS System

GPS devices have become commonplace today, almost as common as cell phones, especially for the developed and emerging economies. In this research paper, the development of a predictive model for selecting a GPS system for use based on the analysis of the interface design is described. The research presents subjective data from user interaction surveys, and objective data using the Keystroke Level Model (KLM). After comparison, inferences or predictions are made based on the analysis of available data. The research makes valid contributions to the GPS interface design field, and the GPS market. A higher level of accuracy can be achieved with data from a larger user survey group, and use of additional models, and an automated tool such as CogTool.
Analytical techniques for damage detection and localization for assessing and monitoring civil infrastructures

Abstract: The chapter contains a review of some aspects of structural dynamics and includes a section on damage detection and damage localization from vibration signals. Novelty detection is treated in detail, with special attention given to the situation where the environmental variables are not measured. Two techniques that can detect damage without the need for repeated identifications are presented (one based on a subspace approach and one on the Kalman filter) and a discussion of change detection using a cumulative sum chart from process control is included. The techniques presented are covered in sufficient detail to allow implementation by an interested reader.
Posidonius on Emotions

Repeatedly in books 4 and 5 of On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato (PHP) Galen asserts that Posidonius abandoned certain views on the psychology of human action that at least since Chrysippus had generally been regarded as central and indispensable to the Stoic philosophy.1 Specifically, Galen says he rejected Chrysippus’ theory of the pathe As a term of ordinary Greek pathe are conditions, especially noxious or otherwise objectionable ones, including bodily diseases, that someone undergoes or suffers. But the word is used in a somewhat special way by philosophers to refer generally to anger, grief, fear, sadness, elation, and so on — what we call emotions — as well as excited, agitated desires and aversions, notably agitated desires for food, drink and sex, and agitated aversions to bodily pain, physical harm, financial loss, and death. For convenience I will use the English word “emotions” to refer to the phenomena here in question (though, as we shall see, substantial philosophical issues are raised by any effort to give a clear specification of the phenomena that are to be covered by this term). Here at the outset, the important point to bear in mind is the agitation and excitement involved in all the pathe.
TCT-557 Impact of a Suspended Lead Suit on Physician Radiation Doses Across Patient BMI Categories During Coronary Angiography

Increasing patient body mass index (BMI) results in greater scatter radiation and leads to increased physician radiation exposure during coronary angiography. It is unknown if use of a suspended lead suit rather than standard lead garments can offset the increased physician radiation doses typically
Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio independently predict survival in resected small bowel adenocarcinoma.

426Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy affecting approximately 2,000 patients per year. There is a paucity of evidence prognosticating patients with small bowel adenocarcino...
Discovering Freedom in Dance Education

Studies have shown that subjective perceptions of freedom are often associated with experiences of high motivation, skill, and choice, along with satisfying outcomes. Freedom is a value applied to dance across age groups, populations, and cultures. Drawing on students’ descriptive accounts from previous research in a higher education setting, this chapter extends the freedom discourse in dance education as theorized by scholars. Dancers’ and dance students’ perceptions of freedom span bodily, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual aspects of life. Freedom has been associated with bodily self-awareness and expression, confidence, and heightened engagement, all considered salient to quality of life and wellbeing. In this chapter dance pedagogies aligned with phenomenological and critical concerns are recognized in facilitating dancing freedoms.
Anomalous Pulmonary Veins

This chapter discusses different types of anomalous pulmonary venous returns, but concentrates on total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR).
Low-temperature oxidation of YBa2Cu3O6.0 with nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide was used to oxidize nonsuperconducting, powdered YBa2Cu3O6.0 to form a material that exhibits the Meissner effect at liquid nitrogen temperature. Nitrogen dioxide treatment at 200 °C for 70 h results in a mixed-phase material containing superconducting YBa2Cu3O6.9 that exhibits onset of superconductivity at 91.5 K and a midpoint at 88 K. During a 70-h exposure of YBa2Cu3O6 to NO2 at 200 °C, a mixture of oxidation and degradation products is formed, including YBa2Cu3O6.9 (61% by weight) and Ba(NO3)2 (23% by weight). Heating the NO2-treated product to 900 °C results in the evolution of NO, NO2, and O2; cooling the sample and annealing at 400 °C in an O2 stream generates the superconducting oxide.
10 th Annual Meeting of the Rheumatologic Dermatology Society

At the dawn of the modern era of clinical immunology in the early 1970s, a small group of predominantly-academic American dermatologists having a subspecialty interest in rheumatologic skin disease began to attend the annual national meetings of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) in larger numbers [The ARA was re-designated as the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1985].
Power-Based Arbitrary Decisional Actions in the Resolution of MIS Project Issues: A Project Manager's Action Research Perspective

As a management information systems (MIS) project manager and an action researcher, the author examined, over time, the influence on information system development (ISD) of the informal sociopolitical organizational actions. The paper reports two cases of action research findings concerning the effect on ISD project implementation processes of power-based arbitrary decisional actions in bureaucratic environments. The research focused on the relationship of such unilateral actions to the interconnected subprocesses of deliberate and conscious attempts by the ISD project members to define and resolve system implementation issues. A suggested conceptual framework for the issue-resolution processes (IRP's) and obstacle-coping processes (OCP's) is based on the author's IRP/OCP-related behavioral constructs and theoretical models dealing with soft-systems issues, especially appreciative system theory and soft-systems methodology, and innovative flexible, "complementarist" (Sinn, 1998) or pluralist problem-solving approaches.
Moving Target Detection Using Fast Iterative Interpolated Beamforming for Distributed MIMO Radar in Non-Homogeneous Clutter

In this paper, the problem of moving target detection (MTD) in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in non-homogeneous environments is addressed. The MTD is performed in the Doppler domain and the received signal disturbance is modeled using a linear combination of multiple discrete clutter scatterers whose Doppler frequencies and powers vary from one range bin to another and from one transmit- receive pair to another. We develop a computationally efficient algorithm for MTD using fast iterative interpolated beamforming (FIIB) techniques. Unlike existing MTD techniques which apply orthogonal projections to eliminate powerful clutter discretes from the cell under test, the proposed method mitigates the clutter in the frequency domain via spectral leakage elimination. The computational complexity of the proposed method is shown to be linearly proportional to the computational complexity of the fast Fourier transform, the number of iterations of the FIIB algorithm, and the number of discrete clutter components. It is also shown that the detection performance of the proposed method is similar to that of orthogonal projection based techniques, at a reduced computational cost. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.