cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction safety concept

Research and practice have demonstrated that decisions made upstream from the construction site can influence construction worker safety. The design for construction safety concept is defined as the consideration of construction site safety in the design of a project. Globally, the concept has gained momentum as an intervention to improve worker safety. However, in the US construction industry, numerous barriers exist that preclude this concept from becoming a standard practice. This research established a clear link between construction fatalities and the design for construction safety concept. Two-hundred and twenty-four fatality investigation reports were reviewed and a link to the design for construction safety concept was determined. The results show that 42% of fatalities reviewed were linked to the concept; the associated risk that contributed to the incident would have been reduced or eliminated had the design for construction safety concept been utilized. The specific characteristics of construction projects were evaluated and those which lend themselves to the greatest risk reduction within the scope of the concept were identified. The US construction industry should implement the concept of designing for construction safety as a standard practice to reduce overall project risks.
Computing magnetospheric equilibria with anisotropic pressures

[1] We present initial results from an equilibrium code that has been modified to include the effect of anisotropic pressures. This equilibrium code uses a frictional technique to iterate a set of modified MHD equations to equilibrium. We describe the modifications made to the original isotropic equilibrium code, including changes to the initial conditions that include a procedure to enforce the specified anisotropy with the restriction that the total energy on a flux tube be conserved. This allows ready comparisons with an isotropic version of the code. The initial pressure distribution is obtained from a one-dimensional curve fit and the empirical model of that specifies the pressure anisotropy as a function of position down the tail. The initial magnetic field is a magnetic field model. As a preliminary exercise with the code, we examined the differences in the equilibrium magnetic field between an anisotropic and an isotropic equilibrium pressure distribution for the same total energy per flux tube under various initial magnetic field configurations. Using anisotropy-driven instabilities and chaos effects as a guide, we made a further modification by choosing the boundary where the anisotropy transitions to zero in the tail. When the modified boundary was used, this initial investigation found that differences on the magnetic field between the anisotropic and isotropic case can be very sensitive to where we set the isotropy boundary.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a pregnant woman

Abstract BACKGROUND: Spontaneous coronary dissection is a rare condition occurring more often in women, with a higher frequency during the peripartum period. No specific etiology has been defined to describe this uncommon, yet often fatal phenomenon. CASE: A young woman presented at 36 weeks of a noncomplicated pregnancy with recent onset of diaphoresis, dyspnea, and tingling substernal chest discomfort. Upon evaluation, she developed cardiovascular collapse and ventricular fibrillation requiring aggressive resuscitative measures, eventually leading to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Right coronary artery dissection was ultimately diagnosed and treated with intracoronary angioplasty and stent placement. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous coronary dissection must be considered when evaluating a patient with a similar clinical presentation, given its overall mortality of more than 50% at presentation, particularly in the peripartum period.
Predicting survival in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Since persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) often occurs as a life-threatening illness, it would be advantageous to identify the highest-risk infants within the first 24 hours of life so that transfer to centers with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or high-frequency ventilation can be facilitated. Fifty-three infants with PPHN were evaluated retrospectively. A multivariate discriminant analysis of risk factors determined that lowest pH, critical PaCO2, highest inspiratory pressure (PI), maximum ventilator rate, and 5-minute Apgar score were significantly different between the 35 survivors (66%) and the 18 infants (34%) who had died when examined with in the first 24 hours of life. A clinical scoring system was designed based on these five criteria, which predicted outcome accurately in 93% of infants. A logistic regression analysis was performed as a check on these results and found that lowest pH, critical PaCO2, and PI predicted outcome with great accuracy. These results suggest that the use of these scoring systems within the first 24 hours of age may help predict outcome in infants with PPHN.
Mussel Periostracum from Deep-Sea Redox Communities as a Microbial Habitat: The Scalloping Periostracum Borer

Abstract. A complex and highly unusual eukaryotic microorganism was discovered to be penetrating and removing the periostracum of deep-sea mussels from the Florida Escarpment brine seeps at a depth of 3266 m. These brine seeps support a chemolithoautotrophic redox community similar to those known from Pacific hydrotherma! vents. This microorganism of unknown taxonomic affinity is filamentous and coenocytic, with a simple plasma membrane and no cell wall. It forms prostrate, radiating systems of branched tunnels, 8–15 u.m in diameter. The surface of the tunnels is sculptured by helically organized, scale-like depressions, which are left as scars in the process of periostracum removal by the organism. Periostracum is removed in discrete pieces (scallops) at the ends of the tunnels. This organism has been found at three Atlantic deep-sea redox communities, but not in similar communities of the Pacific.
Rhopalomyces and Spinellus in pure culture and the parasitism of Rhopalomyces on nematode eggs.

SINCE the description of Rhopalomyces elegans by Corda1, numerous investigators have unsuccessfully attempted to germinate its spores and to grow it in pure culture. As a consequence, the systematic position of this fungus has been in doubt, and the repeated suggestion that R. elegans is parasitic on nematodes or their eggs could not be proved. Martin2 has published a useful summary. Based on studies of material found on various substrata, Boedijn3 recently erected the family Helicocephalidaceae to include this fungus in the Mucorales. Rhopalomyces minor, a new species reported by Windisch4, is not considered by us to be a member of the genus sensu Corda, because R. minor has regularly septate mycelia and conidiophores. He is, therefore, not the first to have a member of this genus in pure culture for study.
A particle-field theory in the form of a hyperbolic free boundary problem

(1991). A particle-field theory in the form of a hyperbolic free boundary problem. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 16, No. 4-5, pp. 705-743.
Tissue culture and transient transformation of Marestail (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist)

Glyphosate resistant crops are useful to agriculture by facilitating the use of nonselective herbicides, such as RoundUp®, that have low human and environmental toxicity. The occurrence of glyphosate resistant weeds, however, has raised concern about the future utility of these crops. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (marestail or horseweed) is one such glyphosate resistant weed that has yet to be fully analyzed or established in tissue culture. Tissue culture enables the examination of physiological characteristics of a plant in an aseptic and controlled environment. For the present study, mairstail was cultured on a Murashige and Skoog based medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Plant regeneration was achieved on the same basal medium supplemented with only gibberellic acid. Glyphosate resistance could be demonstrated in the cultured tissues. The cultures could also be transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens without chemically inducing virulence using phenolics or glucose and resulting in a transformation frequency (transgenic events per total number of explants used) of about 13%. The tissue culture growth, preliminary glyphosate resistance data and genetic transformation data gathered in this project provide the means to further evaluate the mode of glyphosate resistance expressed by marestail.
Neutron depth profiling at the University of Texas

Abstract A Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) facility has been developed at The University of Texas at Austin (UT) Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory. Thermal neutrons from the tangential beam port of the UT 1-MW TRIGA Mark II research reactor are utilized. The UT-NDP facility consists of a neutron beam collimator, target chamber, beam catcher, and necessary data acquisition and process electronics. The collimator was designed to achieve a high quality thermal neutron beam with good intensity and minimum contamination of neutrons above thermal energies. A target chamber for NDP was constructed from 40.6 cm diameter aluminum tubing. The chamber can accommodate several small samples as well as a single large sample with a diameter up to 30.5 cm. Depth profiles for borophosphosilicate glass films on silicon wafers were measured using the UT-NDP facility. Other potential applications of the UT-NDP facility include the study of implanted boron in semiconductor material; study of nitrogen in metals; and study of helium behavior in metals, and metallic and amorphous alloys.
The cyclops mutation blocks specification of the floor plate of the zebrafish central nervous system

The floor plate is a set of epithelial cells present in the ventral midline of the neural tube in vertebrates that seems to have an important role in the developmental patterning of central nervous system fibre pathways, and arrangements of specific neurons. The floor plate arises from dorsal ectodermal cells closely associated with the mesoderm that forms notochord, and it may depend on interactions from the notochord for its specification. To learn the nature of these interactions we have analysed mutations in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). We report here that in wild-type embryos the floor plate develops as a simply organized single cell row, but that its development fails in embryos bearing the newly discovered zygotic lethal 'cyclops' mutation, cyc-1(b16). Mosaic analysis establishes that cyc-1 blocks floor plate development autonomously and reveals the presence of homeogenetic induction between floor plate cells.
A Personal Case History of Transient Anomia

The article presents a first-person account of a transient anomia or word-finding deficit; the assumption is that such an account, reported by someone with a professional background in memory, cognition, and language processes, may shed additional light on the nature of an anomic episode and on the subjective experience of memory and language disruption due to brain-related abnormalities. During the 45-min episode, I was unable to retrieve and use specific content words and terms ("data," "experiment," "printout") in overt speech. I was completely conscious of these target concepts, although not of their names, and was aware of my inability to find the words. Neither word finding for "everyday" words nor ongoing thought processes were particularly disrupted. The nature and quality of my thoughts during the episode indicate no loss of awareness of circumstances or "presence of mind," but no genuine awareness of the seriousness of the episode. I briefly consider the implications of my experience and the similarities to another published case history.
GRAPHICAL PROGNOSIS INCLUDING TERRRAIN EFFECTS

Abstract A method for the graphical integration of the vorticity equation is presented, which includes the effects of terrain-induced vertical velocities. The prediction equation is applied to a series of l000-mb charts. The tests show that the inclusion of the terrain factor materially improved the prognosis in mountainous areas. When applied to the 500-mb chart, there was no significant improvement, primarily because of an additional severe assumption relating the surface and 500-mb winds.
Regional effects of amphetamine, cocaine, nomifensine and GBR 12909 on the dynamics of dopamine release and metabolism in the rat brain

1. The effects of single-dose regimens of amphetamine, cocaine, nomifensine and GBR 12909 on the dynamics of dopamine (DA) release and metabolism were evaluated in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens and striatum. The regimens selected are known to produce substantial behavioural effects. 2. 3-Methoxytyramine (3MT) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) rates of formation were used to assess DA metabolism by catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase respectively. The rate of formation of 3MT was used as an index of synaptic DA. The ratio and sum, respectively, of 3MT and DOPAC rates of formation were used to assess DA reuptake inhibition and turnover. 3. The effects of amphetamine on 3MT production and DOPAC steady-state levels were similar in all regions, suggesting similar pharmacodynamic actions. Amphetamine increased 3MT formation and steady-state levels, and reduced DOPAC steady-state levels. DOPAC formation was significantly reduced only in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. Total DA turnover remained unchanged except in the nucleus accumbens. Apparently, the amphetamine-induced increase in DA release occurred at the expense of intraneuronal DA metabolism and did not require stimulation of synthesis. 4. Nomifensine elevated 3MT formation in all regions. A similar effect was produced by cocaine except in the nucleus accumbens. GBR 12909 elevated 3MT production only in the hypothalamus, the striatum and the nucleus accumbens. 5. Cocaine selectively reduced DOPAC formation in the frontal cortex. Nomifensine increased and reduced, respectively, DOPAC formation in striatum and hypothalamus. GBR 12909 elevated DOPAC formation in all regions except the cortex, where pargyline did not reduce DOPAC levels in GBR 12909-treated rats. 6. Ratios and sum of 3MT and DOPAC rates of formation also exhibited wide regional variations for each drug. In contrast to the other drugs, the ratio was not increased after GBR 12909. Apparently, the DA uptake properties of this drug are poorly related to its in vivo effects on the ratio of 3MTproduction to that of DOPAC, which should increase when DA reuptake is inhibited.7. Total DA turnover was increased by GBR 12909 in the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens and striatum, while cocaine and nomifensine increased it only in the nucleus accumbens and striatum respectively.8. It is concluded that:(a) 3MT and DOPAC rates of formation provide better indices of DA release and metabolism than do their steady-state concentrations.(b) Some effects of DA uptake blockers on DA transmission, especially those of nomifensine and cocaine, may be attributed to increased DA release.(c) Patterns of regional effects of psychostimulants on the dynamics of DA release and metabolism may be better biochemical correlates of stimulant-induced behaviours than would changes in any single region.
Modeling and Simulation of a Modern PEM Fuel Cell System

Recent trends and advances in hydrogen/air Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are incorporated into a dynamic control oriented model. This type of model is important for development of control systems for PEMFC powered transportation where unpredictable and widely varying changes in power demand can be expected. Self humidification and low pressure operation are the two major changes to past systems. As a result, a high pressure air compressor, air cooler, and inlet gas humidifiers are no longer required. Also, the likelihood of cathode flooding is reduced. The overall fuel cell model consists of four basic sub-models: anode, cathode, fuel cell body, and cooling. Additionally, the oxidant supply blower, cooling pump, and cooling fan are explicitly incorporated. Mass and energy conservation are applied to each using a lumped parameter control volume approach. Empirical modeling is minimized as much as possible, however it is necessary for model manageability in a control context. Interactions between each subsystem and balance of plant components are clearly defined. The overall model is capable of capturing the transient behavior of the flows, pressures, and temperatures as well as net output power. The influence of the charge double layer effect on transient performance is also explored. Numerical simulations of the system are presented which illustrate the usefulness of the model. Finally, future control work is described.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Asymptotic SU ( 6 ) W Spectral Sum Rules. II. Applications and Bare Quark Masses

The sum rules of the preceding paper are investigated in detail in pole dominance. The ratio $\frac{{f}_{K}}{{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$ is found to be near unity and all nonexotic baryons must satisfy an approximate mass formula $M=a\ensuremath{-}bY$ with the universal constant $b\ensuremath{\simeq}{m}_{3}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}150$ MeV, where ${m}_{1}$, ${m}_{2}$, and ${m}_{3}$ are masses of bare quarks. Moreover, we compute ${m}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}7$ MeV and ${m}_{3}\ensuremath{\simeq}156$ MeV in a model where $\mathrm{SW}(3)$ is exact except for the quark mass term.
Genetic Association of Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 2 (NTRK2) With Alzheimer's Disease

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) signaling pathway activates a wide range of downstream intracellular cascades, regulating neuronal development and plasticity, long-term potentiation, and apoptosis. The NTRK family encodes the receptors TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC, to which the neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF), BDNF and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) bind, respectively, with high affinity. Signaling through these receptors appears to be compromised in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study is the most comprehensive investigation of genetic variants of NTRK2, and the first to show significant association between NTRK2 with AD. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located in 8 of 18 linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks, were genotyped in 203 families with at least two AD affected siblings with mean age of onset (MAO) of 70.9 +/- 7.4 years and one unaffected sibling from the NIMH-ADGJ dataset. Family based association testing found no single SNP association, however, significant associations were found for two and three locus haplotypes (P = 0.012, P = 0.009, respectively) containing SNPs rsl624327, rsl443445, and rs378645. These SNPs are located in areas of the gene containing sequences that could be involved in alternative splicing and/or regulation of NTRK2. Our results suggest that NTRK2 may be a genetic susceptibility gene contributing to AD pathology.
CONNECTING GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND GALAXIES : THE PROBABILITY OF CHANCE COINCIDENCE

Studies of gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies are crucial to understanding GRBs. However, since they are identified by the superposition in the plane of the sky of a GRB afterglow and a galaxy, there is always a possibility that an association represents a chance alignment, rather than a physical connection. We examine a uniform sample of 72 GRB fields to explore the probability of chance superpositions. There is typically a ~1% chance that an optical afterglow will coincide with a galaxy by chance. While spurious host galaxy detections will, therefore, be rare, the possibility must be considered when examining individual GRB/host galaxy examples. It is also tempting to use the large and uniform collection of X-ray afterglow positions to search for GRB-associated galaxies. However, we find that approximately half of the 14 superpositions in our sample are likely to occur by chance, so in the case of GRBs localized only by an X-ray afterglow, even statistical studies are suspect.
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitors disrupt AKAP79-dependent PKC signaling to GluA1 AMPA receptors

GluA1 (formerly GluR1) AMPA receptor subunit phosphorylation at Ser-831 is an early biochemical marker for long-term potentiation and learning. This site is a substrate for Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase C (PKC). By directing PKC to GluA1, A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) facilitates Ser-831 phosphorylation and makes PKC a more potent regulator of GluA1 than CaMKII. PKC and CaM bind to residues 31–52 of AKAP79 in a competitive manner. Here, we demonstrate that common CaMKII inhibitors alter PKC and CaM interactions with AKAP79(31–52). Most notably, the classical CaMKII inhibitors KN-93 and KN-62 potently enhanced the association of CaM to AKAP79(31–52) in the absence (apoCaM) but not the presence of Ca2+. In contrast, apoCaM association to AKAP79(31–52) was unaffected by the control compound KN-92 or a mechanistically distinct CaMKII inhibitor (CaMKIINtide). In vitro studies demonstrated that KN-62 and KN-93, but not the other compounds, led to apoCaM-dependent displacement of PKC from AKAP79(31–52). In the absence of CaMKII activation, complementary cellular studies revealed that KN-62 and KN-93, but not KN-92 or CaMKIINtide, inhibited PKC-mediated phosphorylation of GluA1 in hippocampal neurons as well as AKAP79-dependent PKC-mediated augmentation of recombinant GluA1 currents. Buffering cellular CaM attenuated the ability of KN-62 and KN-93 to inhibit AKAP79-anchored PKC regulation of GluA1. Therefore, by favoring apoCaM binding to AKAP79, KN-62 and KN-93 derail the ability of AKAP79 to efficiently recruit PKC for regulation of GluA1. Thus, AKAP79 endows PKC with a pharmacological profile that overlaps with CaMKII.
Competition between a biological control fungus, Ophiostoma piliferum, and symbionts of the southern pine beetle

A colorless isolate of 0. piliferum was paired in a series of competitive interactions with three fungal symbionts of Dendroctonus frontalis, the southern pine beetle. Two of these fungi, Ceratocys- tiopsis ranaculosus and Entomocorticium sp. A, are considered to be mutualists of the southern pine beetle. The third fungal symbiont, 0. minus, is con- sidered to be an antagonist. I found strong evidence of differential competition between 0. piliferum and all three symbionts. In primary and secondary re- source capture contests on an artificial medium O. piliferum outcompeted all three fungi. In inocula- tions of natural substrate, 0. piliferum outcompeted the two mutualists but did not outcompete 0. minus. The ability of 0. piliferum to outcompete beetle mu- tualists on both artificial and natural substrates indi-
Doing more with less in bacterial DNA repair.

Organisms such as yeast and humans are capable of both nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), but bacteria have typically been assumed to be capable only of HR. A recent study shows that mycobacteria accomplish NHEJ using just two proteins (homologs of the eukaryotic Ku and DNA ligase IV), whereas eukaryotes require many factors.
Characteristics of TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9+δ powder as-synthesized and after grinding

Crystal structure and superconductivity of the Tl--Ba--Ca--Cu--O powder prepared by a solid-state reaction were studied. The results of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that the powder of a major single 1223 phase was synthesized with a cauliflower-like morphology; by grinding, the powder was partially transformed to an amorphous phase. The measurement of magnetic hysteresis was also performed in the temperature range of 7--75 K up to 5 T from which the weak field-dependent behavior of critical current density was observed. The as-synthesized powder, with [ital T][sub [ital c]]=110 K measured from magnetometer and susceptometer, is considered to consist of weak-linked regions. The results obtained from comparing the as-synthesized and the ground powder imply that in the Tl-1223 system, the Ag-sheathed tapes fabricated by the powder-in-tube process may be benefited by forming other intermediate phases with plate-like morphologies to give better densification or grain alignment.
Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Upper Mississippi River: transport, processing, and effects on the river ecosystem

Existing research on nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) can be organized into the following categories: (1) Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations and export, and their causes; (2) Nutrient cycling within the river; (3) Spatial and temporal patterns of river nutrient concentrations; (4) Effects of elevated nutrient concentrations on the river; and (5) Actions to reduce river nutrient concentrations and flux. Nutrient concentration and flux in the Mississippi River have increased substantially over the last century because of changes in land use, climate, hydrology, and river management and engineering. As in other large floodplain rivers, rates of processes that cycle nitrogen and phosphorus in the UMR exhibit pronounced spatial and temporal heterogeneity because of the complex morphology of the river. This spatial variability in nutrient processing creates clear spatial patterns in nutrient concentrations. For example, nitrate concentrations generally are much lower in off-channel areas than in the main channel. The specifics of in-river nutrient cycling and the effects of high rates of nutrient input on UMR have been less studied than the factors affecting nutrient input to the river and transport to the Gulf of Mexico, and important questions concerning nutrient cycling in the UMR remain. Eutrophication and resulting changes in river productivity have only recently been investigated the UMR. These recent studies indicate that the high nutrient concentrations in the river may affect community composition of aquatic vegetation (e.g., the abundance of filamentous algae and duckweeds), dissolved oxygen concentrations in off-channel areas, and the abundance of cyanobacteria. Actions to reduce nutrient input to the river include changes in land-use practices, wetland restoration, and hydrological modifications to the river. Evidence suggests that most of the above methods can contribute to reducing nutrient concentration in, and transport by, the UMR, but the impacts of mitigation efforts will likely be only slowly realized.
The Impact of Professional Solicitors on Fund-Raising in Charitable Organizations:

Donors claim that information about the fund-raising methods used by a charity is important to them, and the press periodically high lights fund-raising scandals and abuses, which fuels negative public attitudes. However, there is little systematic empirical research about fund-raising practices. This study examined professional solicitor contracts using information provided by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Bureau of Charitable Organizations. The nature of the contracts, the impact of these contractual arrangements on the amount of funds the clients ultimately receive, and the relationship between actual and predicted returns were examined. Results showed that charities using professional solicitors tended to be larger and concentrated in the advocacy, disease/disorder, and public safety subsectors. Most campaigns generated few contributions and resulted in a small return to the charity, with many charities receiving nothing from the solicitations made in their names. Solicitors compensated by fixed-...
X-ray photoelectron spectra of molybdenum dinitrogen complexes and their derivatives☆

Abstract The X-ray photoelectron spectra of 13 molybdenum compounds including trans -[Mo(N 2 )2(Ph 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 ], trans -[MoCl(N 2 )(Ph 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 ], trans -[MoBr(N 2 )(Ph 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 ], trans - [MoI(N 2 Me)(Ph 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 ) 2 ], trans - [MoI(N 2 C 6 H 11 )(Ph 2 PCH 2 CH 2 PPh 2 )], Mo(CO) 4 { O -( Me 2 As ) 2 C 6 H 4 } 2 , {Mo(S 2 CNEt 2 ) 2 (CO) 2 } 2 N 2 H 4 , Mo(S 2 CNEt 2 ) 2 (NO) 2 , (Bu 2 n N) 2 [Mo 2 O 2 S 2 {S 2 C:C(CN) 2 } 2 ], Mo 2 (S 2 CNEt 2 ) 2 O 3 (SPh) 2 and Mo 2 O 4 (S 2 CNEt2)2 have been investigated. The Mo(3d 5 2 ) binding energies range from 227.2 eV for Mo(0) complexes to 232.5 eV for Mo(VI) complexes. The two N(ls) binding energies at 399.6 and 398.6 eV which were observed for trans -[Mo(N 2 ) 2 (dppe) 2 ] were assigned to the endo and exo nitrogen atoms, respectively. The effects of oxidation state and alkyl substituents on the N(ls) binding energies are also discussed.
A new monoclinic polymorph of anhydrous zinc acetate

A new monoclinic polymorph of anhydrous zinc acetate, poly[di-μ2-acetato-zinc(II)], [Zn(C2H3O2)2], crystallizes in the space group P21/c. The structure contains two-dimensional sheets identical to those in the known C2/c polymorph, but exhibits a different sheet-stacking sequence.
Iridium-modified Si(111) surface.

The physical and electronic properties of Ir-modified Si(111) surface have been investigated with the help of STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) and LEED (low energy electron diffraction). The LEED pattern of the surface exhibits reconstruction. STM images show that ° reconstruction originates from the Ir-ring clusters. STS (scanning tunneling spectroscopy) measurements on the ring clusters reveal a state located about 0.3 eV below the Fermi level. A careful analysis shows that this state originates from ° domains of Ir-modified Si(111) surface.
A fuzzy logic supervisor for reconfigurable flight control systems

The design of a fuzzy logic supervisor for a reconfigurable flight control law is described in this paper. The objective of the supervisor is to maintain the original performance of the aircraft after effector failure by adjusting the gains of the existing control law. In this design the pitch axis control of the unmanned research vehicle was selected as the test platform. The set of fuzzy rules obtained ensures the even distribution of control authority to the remaining healthy effecters. A comparison of the reconfigured aircraft response with and without the fuzzy logic supervisor is presented. Simulation results show an improvement in the reconfigured response using a fuzzy logic supervisor. >
Selection of intervention components in an Internet stop smoking participant preference trial: Beyond randomized controlled trials

To address health problems that have a major impact on global health requires research designs that go beyond randomized controlled trials. One such design, the participant preference trial, provides additional information in an ecologically valid manner, once intervention efficacy has been demonstrated. The current study presents illustrative data from a participant preference trial of an internet-based smoking cessation intervention. Participants (N=7763) from 124 countries accessed the intervention and were allowed to choose from nine different site components to aid their quit attempt. Of consenting participants, 36.7% completed at least one follow-up assessment. Individuals with depression were more likely to choose a mood management module and participants who smoked a higher number of cigarettes were more likely to choose a cigarette counter and a nicotine replacement therapy guide. Furthermore, depressed participants selecting the mood management component were more likely to report at least one successful 7 day quit (37.2% vs. 22.2%) in the 12 months following the intervention. Thus, participants with depressive symptoms appear to make choices on the basis of their needs and to benefit from these decisions. This suggests that providing the ability to customize previously validated resources may be a successful way to widely disseminate interventions.
Design and analysis of a fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid power system

This paper describes a fuel cell - gas turbine hybrid power system that aims to increase the system efficiency and decrease the costs by employing the waste heat from the fuel cell stack in the gas turbine. The hybrid system consists mainly of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, a gas-turbine generator and a heat exchanger between them. In this paper, the plant layout of the hybrid system is described, and the dynamic model is presented. The hybrid system is to be optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique, and the optimization procedure to minimize the total cost of the hybrid power system based on PSO is described. The implementation of the optimization method is discussed.
Neutron Radiographic Enhancement Using Doping Materials and Neutron Radiography Applied to Museum Art Objects

Two different areas are covered in this paper which demonstrate other applications for neutron radiography. The first, "Neutron Radiography Enhancement Using Doping Material," shows how the radiographic image can be enhanced in the area of interest to provide greater contrast and thereby show more detail. The second, "Neutron Radiography Applied to Museum Art Objects," describes work Atomics International has done with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art to examine ancient castings to reveal the internals of the castings.
PROBABILISTIC FATIGUE LIFE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF TITANIUM ROTORS

The application of probabilistic methods to the life prediction of fatigue vulnerable structures is becoming increasingly important. In-service inspection and repair/replacement can be an effective strategy for decreasing fatigue failure probability. However, inspection introduces additional random variables that must be considered in an overall lifetime reliability assessment. In this study, a methodology is illustrated to assess the influences of changes in the main descriptors of fatigue related random variables on the lifetime failure probability of an aircraft titanium rotor disk. The methodologies can be used for the development of reliability-based optimal design and maintenance strategies for fatigue vulnerable structures subject to in-service inspection.
Paget-schroetter syndrome in an overhead athlete

Although uncommon, the diagnosis of Paget-Schroetter syndrome should be considered when evaluating upper arm pain. This is especially true for overhead athletes, who are at greater risk for the development of this syndrome. A high index of clinical suspicion is important as prompt initiation of treatment often produces a more favorable outcome.
Revealing Shared and Distinct Gene Network Organization in Arabidopsis Immune Responses by Integrative Analysis

Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) are two main plant immune responses to counter pathogen invasion. Genome-wide gene network organizing principles leading to quantitative differences between PTI and ETI have remained elusive. We combined an advanced machine learning method and modular network analysis to systematically characterize the organizing principles of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PTI and ETI at three network resolutions. At the single network node/edge level, we ranked genes and gene interactions based on their ability to distinguish immune response from normal growth and successfully identified many immune-related genes associated with PTI and ETI. Topological analysis revealed that the top-ranked gene interactions tend to link network modules. At the subnetwork level, we identified a subnetwork shared by PTI and ETI encompassing 1,159 genes and 1,289 interactions. This subnetwork is enriched in interactions linking network modules and is also a hotspot of attack by pathogen effectors. The subnetwork likely represents a core component in the coordination of multiple biological processes to favor defense over development. Finally, we constructed modular network models for PTI and ETI to explain the quantitative differences in the global network architecture. Our results indicate that the defense modules in ETI are organized into relatively independent structures, explaining the robustness of ETI to genetic mutations and effector attacks. Taken together, the multiscale comparisons of PTI and ETI provide a systems biology perspective on plant immunity and emphasize coordination among network modules to establish a robust immune response.
Observational Analysis of the 27 May 1997 Central Texas Tornadic Event.Part II: Tornadoes

Abstract The 27 May 1997 central Texas tornadic event has been investigated in a two-part observational study. As demonstrated in Part I, the 1D environment associated with this event was unfavorable for significant (≥F2) tornadoes. Yet, the storm complex produced at least six significant tornadoes, including one rated F5 (the Jarrell, Texas, tornado). The purpose of this article is to examine the spatiotemporal interrelationships between tornadoes, preexisting boundaries, antecedent low-level mesocyclones, convective cells, and midlevel mesocyclones. It is shown that each of the six observed tornadoes that produced greater than F0 damage formed along the storm-generated gust front, not along preexisting boundaries. Half of these tornadoes formed on the distorted gust front, the portion of the storm-generated gust front whose orientation was deformed largely by the horizontal shear across the cold front. The remaining three tornadoes developed at the gust front cusp (the persistent gust front inflection l...
Determination of transport properties from flowing fluid temperature logging in unsaturated fractured rocks: Theory and semi-analytical solution

[1] Flowing fluid temperature logging (FFTL) has recently been proposed as a method to locate flowing fractures. We argue that FFTL, backed up by data from high-precision distributed temperature sensors, can be a useful tool in locating flowing fractures and in estimating the transport properties of unsaturated fractured rocks. We have developed the theoretical background needed to analyze data from FFTL. In this article, we present a simplified conceptualization of FFTL in unsaturated fractured rock and develop a semi-analytical solution for spatial and temporal variations of pressure and temperature inside a borehole in response to an applied perturbation (pumping of air from the borehole). We compare the semi-analytical solution with predictions from the TOUGH2 numerical simulator. On the basis of the semi-analytical solution, we propose a method to estimate the permeability of the fracture continuum surrounding the borehole. Using this proposed method, we estimated the effective fracture continuum permeability of the unsaturated rock hosting the Drift Scale Test (DST) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Our estimate compares well with previous independent estimates for fracture permeability of the DST host rock. The conceptual model of FFTL presented in this article is based on the assumptions of single-phase flow, convection-only heat transfer, and negligible change in system state of the rock formation. In a sequel article, we extend the conceptual model to evaluate some of these assumptions. In that paper, we also perform inverse modeling of FFTL data to estimate, in addition to permeability, other transport parameters (such as porosity and thermal conductivity) of unsaturated fractured rocks.
A fast CFAR detection space-time adaptive processing algorithm

All of the conventional CFAR detection algorithms that use space-time processing involve a time-consuming matrix-inversion operation. Based on today's technology, this computational complexity sometimes makes the full-rank solution difficult to realize. In this correspondence, a CFAR detection algorithm, which does not need a matrix inversion, is developed by an adaptation and extension of Hotelling's principal-component method studied recently by Kirsteins and Tufts (1994). Finally, the performance of the new CFAR test statistic is analyzed, and the effect of the rank reduction on performance is evaluated for an example scenario.
Circuit Simulation of Nanotechnology Devices with Non-monotonic I-V Characteristics

As research begins to explore potential nanotechnologies for future post-CMOS integrated systems, modeling and simulation environments must be developed that can accommodate the corresponding problem complexity and non-traditional device characteristics. This paper describes a circuit-level simulator that can accommodate an important class of nanotechnology devices that are characterized by nonmonotonic I-V characteristics. Employing adaptively controlled explicit integration method (ACES) and piecewise linear (PWL) device models, the proposed approach effectively overcomes the convergence problems and multiple equilibrium point solution problems caused by the Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) regions in such device I-V functions. Importantly, the ACES approach can address the circuit size problem when partitioning is included, and provide compatibility with simple I-V device model tables, thereby avoiding the need for analytical device models that rarely are available for nanotechnology devices.
Mentoring Relationships and Adolescent Self-Esteem.

It is estimated that three million youth in the United States are in formal mentoring relationships in which volunteers are matched with children and adolescents, and this number continues to rise (MENTOR/National Mentoring Partnership, 2006). Many more youth have meaningful, natural mentoring relationships with extended family members, teachers, neighbors, coaches, and other caring non-parental adults. Anecdotal accounts of mentoring relationships and their life-transforming effects on young people abound in the media, including stories of caring adults helping young people to discover their strengths and, in doing so, enhance their feelings of self-esteem and confidence. But how does the research bear on this topic? Below, we review the highlights of this research, first discussing different approaches to youth mentoring and then summarizing the research on (1) the effects of mentoring relationships on self-esteem, (2) factors that predict variation in relationship effectiveness, and (3) the processes through which these relationships exert such effects.
Best practices for physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations

Physical activity offers one of the greatest opportunities for people to extend years of active independent life and reduce functional limitations. The purpose of this paper is to identify key practices for promoting physical activity in older adults, with a focus on older adults with chronic disease or low fitness and those with low levels of physical activity. Key practices identified in promotion activity in older adults include: (1) a multidimensional activity program that includes endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training is optimal for health and functional benefits; (2) principles of behavior change, including social support, self-efficacy, active choices, health contracts, assurances of safety, and positive reinforcement, enhance adherence; (3) management of risk by beginning at low intensity but gradually increasing to moderate physical activity which has a better risk/benefit ratio should be the goal for older adults; (4) an emergency procedure plan is prudent for community-based programs; and (5) monitoring aerobic intensity is important for progression and for motivation. Selected content reviews of physical activity programming from major organizations and institutions are provided. Regular participation in physical activity is one of the most effective ways for older adults, including those with disabilities, to help prevent chronic disease, promote independence, and increase quality of life in old age.
The steroid receptor superfamily: more excitement predicted for the future.

The overall molecular pathway for the action of steroid hormones has been known for the past 15 yr (1–9). Within the past 5 yr, the cDNAs for all major steroid hormones have been cloned and sequenced (10, 11). As might have been expected, they were related in structure and led to the definition of an even larger family of putative regulatory proteins. This superfamily of regulatory molecules was shown to include also the receptors for thyroid hormone (T3) vitamin D3 and retinoic acid. Perhaps more surprising was the inclusion of oncogenes such as v-erb A in this family. The latter is one of the two genes which comprise an oncogenic cassette in the avian myeloblastosis virus and appears to be a mutated form of a cellular gene coding for one of the multiple receptors for thyroid hormone. A summary of selected members of the steroid receptor superfamily is shown in Fig. 1.
Low-copy nuclear primers and ycf1 primers in Cactaceae

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY To increase the number of variable regions available for phylogenetic study in the Cactaceae, primers were developed for a portion of the plastid ycf1 gene and intron-spanning regions of two low-copy nuclear genes (isi1, nhx1). • METHODS AND RESULTS Primers were tested on several families within Caryophyllales, focusing on the Cactaceae. Gel electrophoresis indicated positive amplification in most samples. Sequences of these three regions (isi1, nhx1, ycf1) from Harrisia exhibited variation similar to or greater than two plastid regions (atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer and rpl16 intron). • CONCLUSIONS The isi, nhx, and ycf1 primers amplify phylogenetically useful information applicable to the Cactaceae and other families in the Caryophyllales.
Micro‐ and Nanoprinting into Solids Using Reaction‐Diffusion Etching and Hydrogel Stamps

Micropatterned hydrogel stamps soaked in appropriate chemical etchants can imprint various types of micro- and nanoarchitectures into metals, conductive oxides, semiconductors, glasses, and crystals. Localized etching is mediated by a reaction-diffusion process initiated from the stamp microfeatures and gives lateral resolution down to approximately 300 nm. The method is well suited for the rapid prototyping of small-scale devices including multilevel microfluidic systems and curvilinear optical elements.
Phase Relations in the System Uranium—Carbon—Oxygen

The ternary system U-C-O was investigated and a diagram is given expressing the phase relations in specimens which were reacted at 1800°C in vacuum or in inert atmospheres and furnace cooled. A U(C,O) single-phase area exists in this diagram. The limit of substitutional solid solution of oxygen atoms for carbon atoms in UC is 12.5 at.%, which means that only 25% of the carbon atoms in UC can be replaced by oxygen atoms. The oxygen-saturated UC phase, U(C0.75O0.25), has a lattice parameter of 4.953 ± 0.001 A. The carbon monoxide partial pressures in equilibrium with this phase were determined for temperatures between 1705° and 1855°C.
Mass Fashion as Threat in Context and Concept

During the latter part of the 18th century in Scotland, especially in rural areas, there was a dramatic shift from relatively stable and unchanging dress forms to fashion in dress, the ongoing substitution of existing forms with new ones. From an analysis of primary sources it is clear that these changes were often perceived as threatening. This paper addresses the conceptual relevance offashion as threat, it explores fashion as an ideal symbolic medium for venting perceptions of threat posed by other domains in the social/cultural system, and it addresses the symbolic power of dress and fashion in conserving the perception of social order and stability at the same time that it facilitates cultural change.