cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Before Reproduction: The Distortion of Generation

Jean Baudrillard has posited a theory of ‘the precession of simulacra’, arguing that it is no longer possible to tell the difference between an image and the meaning it purports to represent because technology allows the image to precede its meaning. Christa Wolf, while researching Cassandra: A Novel and Four Essays (1984), traveled to Greece and discovered the ways in which language in the rational, Western model of civilization has been distorted. Both Baudrillard and Wolf are disturbed by the ways in which sign systems can be manipulated and generated, and both demonstrate the effect this has in the political and cultural arenas. This analysis intends to show how Baudrillard’s theories play out in Wolf’s narrative, and how Wolf resolves the problems thus posed through the shock of the aesthetic experience, which forces communication while it defies representation.
Characterization of ‘Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris’ (family Anaplasmataceae) from raccoons (Procyon lotor)

Recently, a novel ehrlichial organism was isolated from a raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the isolate (RAC413) was infectious to two naive raccoons but not laboratory mice, rats or rabbits. In this study, amplification and sequencing of four gene targets (16S rRNA gene, groESL, gltA and rpoB) confirmed that the novel ehrlichial organism was a member of the family Anaplasmataceae and was most closely related to, but distinct from, ‘Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis’ TK4456R and IS58. RAC413 shared the highest sequence similarity with members of the genus Ehrlichia (94.2–95.1, 80.9–83.1, 67.9–71.9 and 39.9–40.7 % similarity for the 16S rRNA gene, groESL, gltA and rpoB, respectively). No sequence variation in three sequences (16S rRNA gene, groESL and gltA) was observed between the RAC413 isolate and five additional sequences amplified from blood of naturally infected raccoons from several geographically isolated populations in the south-eastern USA. Serum samples from four experimentally infected raccoons did not react to Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma marginale or Anaplasma phagocytophilum antigens in an immunofluorescence assay or an Ehrlichia ewingii peptide in an ELISA format. On the basis of the distinctive molecular and serological characteristics and apparent host specificity of this ehrlichial organism, it is proposed that this organism be designated ‘Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris’ (reference strain RAC413R).
Rapidly Exponentially Stabilizing Control Lyapunov Functions and Hybrid Zero Dynamics

This paper addresses the problem of exponentially stabilizing periodic orbits in a special class of hybrid models-systems with impulse effects-through control Lyapunov functions. The periodic orbit is assumed to lie in a C1 submanifold Z that is contained in the zero set of an output function and is invariant under both the continuous and discrete dynamics; the associated restriction dynamics are termed the hybrid zero dynamics. The orbit is furthermore assumed to be exponentially stable within the hybrid zero dynamics. Prior results on the stabilization of such periodic orbits with respect to the full-order dynamics of the system with impulse effects have relied on input-output linearization of the dynamics transverse to the zero dynamics manifold. The principal result of this paper demonstrates that a variant of control Lyapunov functions that enforce rapid exponential convergence to the zero dynamics surface, Z, can be used to achieve exponential stability of the periodic orbit in the full-order dynamics, thereby significantly extending the class of stabilizing controllers. The main result is illustrated on a hybrid model of a bipedal walking robot through simulations and is utilized to experimentally achieve bipedal locomotion via control Lyapunov functions.
Aortic Dissection With Severe Aortic Regurgitation

A 40-year-old woman had left meningioma with right-sided weakness after tumor resection 3 months previously. She had no history of hypertension. At this time, she was admitted for recurrent tumor and received local radiotherapy. After admission, her blood pressure was in the normal range. During her hospitalization, sudden-onset severe chest pain with cold sweating was noted. An ECG revealed ST-segment depression in both the inferior and lateral leads. Her troponin I level rose to 8.4 ng/mL (normal value <0.03). …
ON THE DEPOSITIONS PROPERTIES OF ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS

The depositional characteristics of floes of fine cohesive sediments in a turbulent flow field differ distinctly from those of a cohesionless material such as sand. This difference exists because the floe size and shear strength distributions depend on the sediment type as well as the flow condition itself; consequently, the problem of the depositional behavior of these floes is rather complex, and not easily amenable to analytic treatment. The present basic experimental study was carried out in a specially designed annular channel. The derived laws of deposition in relation to the time-rates as well as the steady-state concentrations are described and discussed. The reanalyzed results of other limited investigations agree well with the result of the study.
Au36(SPh)23 Nanomolecules

A new core size protected completely by an aromatic thiol, Au36(SPh)23, is synthesized and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and UV–visible spectroscopy. The synthesis involving core size changes is studied by MS, and the complete ligand coverage by aromatic thiol group is shown by NMR.
Study on Applications of Calculus of Variation in Fundamental Light-Ray Optics

When light-ray pass through a couple of fixed points in the medium and a free point on the interface of two me-dium,the boundary value expressions of light-ray-equation is derived by using Fermat principle and variational calculus.The fundamental experiment law of light-ray optics was proved and imaging formula of single spherical face were derived by using the expression.
An Empirical Study of Skip-Gram Features and Regularization for Learning on Sentiment Analysis

The problem of deciding the overall sentiment of a user review is usually treated as a text classification problem. The simplest machine learning setup for text classification uses a unigram bag-of-words feature representation of documents, and this has been shown to work well for a number of tasks such as spam detection and topic classification. However, the problem of sentiment analysis is more complex and not as easily captured with unigram (single-word) features. Bigram and trigram features capture certain local context and short distance negations—thus outperforming unigram bag-of-words features for sentiment analysis. But higher order n-gram features are often overly specific and sparse, so they increase model complexity and do not generalize well.
Impact of Pressure Infusion of sh-2 Sweet Corn Seed with Pseudomonas aureofaciens on Seedling Emergence

Pressure infusion, a new method using increased atmospheric pressure to inoculate seed with the biocontrol agent (BCA) Pseudomonas aureofaciens,was evaluated for control of Pythium in shrunken-2 (sh 2 )sweet corn seed. Pressure infusion increased seed hydration rates, especially in damaged areas. Shrunken-2 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) seed often contains incomplete pericarp layers and internal open spaces both within the seed and between the aleurone layer and the pericarp. We hypothesized that pressure infusion may increase the effectiveness of the BCA inoculation through delivery of bacteria to areas deep within the seed. However, pressure infusion reduced final emergence in both growth chamber and field experiments. Rapid hydration of the pressure-infused seed may have caused tissue damage. Bio-priming of pressure-infused seed increased final emergence. The BCA reduced Pythium infection of sh 2 sweet corn seed 48 h after planting. Pressure infusion of seed did not significantly affect the incidence of Pythium infection when compared to other treatments using the BCA.
Communication patterning for multi-step TDMA bandwidth allocation using wireless structural control

Structural control can enhance occupant comfort within structures during earthquakes and high-wind events. In traditional structural control systems, a central processor acquires data through extensive wiring from an array of sensors, calculates control forces, and commands a network of actuators to reduce undesired vibrations in the structure. To reduce costs associated with cable installation, multiple wireless units can perform the same calculations emulating a central computing station by communicating data throughout a large wireless sensor network. In such a system, it is common that a single sensor may be the only measurement source for an important section of a structure. As the number of sensors in a control network grows, it becomes increasingly difficult to transmit all sensor data during a single control step over the fixed wireless bandwidth, necessitating the use of staggered data communication. Control force calculations rely on accurate state measurements or estimates. In this paper, an approach to select and evaluate different communication group sizes and wireless unit combinations that still provide accurate state estimates is presented. With respect to a single wireless unit, multiple estimator gains are derived and stored on-board to perform state-estimation calculations using staggered data received from different combinations of units. It is found that state estimation and control performance are affected by the network topology used at each timestep with different sensors and sensor combinations providing more useful information than others. Sensor placement theory is used to form sensor groups that provide consistently high-quality output information to the network but still utilize all sensors.
Women's Sex Roles in Their Public and Private Lives

Research was conducted to determine whether or not sex-role self-perception varies across situations. Data on global and situational sex roles were collected from faculty and nonclassified women employed at a large midwestern university. Findings indicate a significant variation in sex-role self-perception across work, social, and sexual interactions. Regardless of whether the woman generally perceives herself as masculine, feminine, or androgynous, her perceptions change when confronted with cultural stereotypic rules and role demands. The results suggest that caution be exercised in assuming that global sex-role perceptions generalize across situations. Contextual issues affecting sex-role behavior need to be considered by practitioners in their work with women and their partners.
Equilibrium Statistics of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are discussed and electron distribution functions are given. Electron and hole concentration in equilibrium is elaborated. Born-Karman boundary condition is discussed; constant energy surfaces are shown. Density of states are discussed. Statistical distribution functions; Boltzmann and Fermi-Dirac distribution functions are elaborated.
Evaluation and Crime Prevention

This chapter focuses on crime prevention techniques and approaches, and outlines some selected programs and issues. The chapter also presents the research and evaluations that have been carried out on the programs and examines the prevention effort and the potential of the approach to effect crime and the fear of crime. The key criterion for assessing the effectiveness of various crime prevention methods is lower subsequent offending. Subsequent offending could be either initial criminal activity or recidivism. Low fear of crime could come from any intervention mechanism, especially primary preventive techniques. Although a variety of other outcome measures have been used in assessing crime prevention programs, such as program operation, costs, and the number of clients served, the ultimate goals are reduction in crime and fear. It is important to know the costs of programs. This does not indicate the ability of the intervention to alter crime or fear of crime. The preventive impact of different interventions should also be known.
Co-occurrence of CRLF2-rearranged and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report of four patients.

Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) represents a high-risk subgroup of B-cell ALL.[1][1]–[7][2] By gene-expression, these patients have a profile similar to that of Ph+ ALL; however, they lack the BCR-ABL1 fusion. Patients with Ph-like ALL harbor a diverse range of genetic
Flaubert’s Provocation

Madame Bovary, which was scandalous in its own day for its focus on the adultery of a provincial woman, has had a strange, complex fate. Flaubert remade the image of the novelist, as pure artist, for whom style was all that mattered, and disrupted novelistic technique, in ways that critics and writers have found exemplary, treating this as the novel novelists cannot overlook; yet for readers Madame Bovary is not a “book about nothing” but provides a searing portrait of provincial life and of the condition of women. The vividness and complexity of the character Flaubert created here made Emma a type: a sufferer of “Bovarysme.” Flaubert’s revolutionary notion that a trivial subject was as good as a noble subject for a serious novel was taken to be connected to the democratic notion that every human subject is as worthy as another and allowed to have desires. Yet, while promoting Emma as a valid subject of literature, equal to others, Flaubert writes against the attempt to democratize art, to make it enter every life, and renders trivial the manifestations of this subject’s desires, while making her an exemplary figure.
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Co-Occurrence With Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report of a Rare Diagnostic Dilemma:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disorder that is typically divided into limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a severe complication of SSc and typically presents with new-onset hypertension and a reduction in renal functioning. In patients presenting with typical features of SRC, treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor along with dialysis as needed is typically initiated empirically. Renal biopsy is not recommended in patients with SSc presenting with typical features of SRC. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare co-occurrence with SSc, in around 2.5% to 9% of patients. AAV is an inflammatory condition that can result in renal failure due to mononuclear cell infiltration and destruction of blood vessels. Treatment of AAV is drastically different from SRC and typically consists of immunosuppressants and dialysis if needed. SRC and AAV can only reliably be distinguished by renal biopsy. We present a rare case of a 70-year-old female with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis who presented to the emergency department with new-onset renal failure. Her serology was found to be positive for antinuclear antibodies and myeloperoxidase antibodies, resulting in a renal biopsy, which revealed an acute necrotizing vasculitis consistent with AAV. We suggest consideration of a renal biopsy in patients with SSc who present with new-onset renal failure, especially with nonresponse to SRC treatment or positive serology.
Genetics of Yeast Coenzyme QH2-Cytochrome C Reductase

It is now a generally accepted dictum that the maintenance of respiratory functional mitochondria depends not only on the expression of genes residing in mitochondrial DNA but also on a much vaster pool of genetic information provided by the nucleus. Respiratory defective mutants of yeast with lesions in nuclear DNA were first described by Sherman and Slonimski (1) and were named pet mutants. Such strains were shown in some instances to lack specific respiratory carriers such as cytochromes a, a 3, b, or c (2–4). More recently, a number of laboratories have amassed more comprehensive collections of pet mutants that have served as useful aids in probing questions related to mitochondrial metabolism, RNA processing, and synthesis of multisubunit enzymes with functions in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation (5–7).
Reaction of Dioxygen with Synthetic Copper(I) Compounds of Biological Relevance

The copper(I) complex of the imidazole-bearing pentadentate Schift base ligand, (bis[2, 6-(2-imidazol-4-ylethylimino)ethy1]pyridine), [Cu (imidH)2DAP]+ has been previously presented as a reversible dioxygen carrier at room temperature in nonaqueous media.
Evaluation of the Midwest Guardrail System stiffness transition with curb

ABSTRACTA W-beam to thrie beam stiffness transition with a 102-mm (4-in.) tall concrete curb was developed to connect 787-mm (31-in.) tall W-beam guardrail, commonly known as the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS), to a previously developed thrie beam approach guardrail transition system. This upstream stiffness transition was configured with standard steel posts that are commonly used by several state departments of transportation. The toe of a 102-mm (4-in.) tall sloped concrete curb was placed flush with the backside face of the guardrail and extended the length of the transition region. Three full-scale crash tests were conducted according to the Test Level 3 (TL-3) safety standards provided in AASHTO's Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). The first test, MASH Test No. 3-20, was deemed a failure due to guardrail rupture. The stiffness transition was modified to include an additional nested W-beam rail segment upstream from the W-beam to thrie beam transition element. MASH Test No. 3-20 was repeate...
Ten Approaches for Enhancing Empathy in Health and Human Services Cultures

Empathy is defined as a predominantly cognitive attribute that involves an understanding of experiences, concerns and perspectives of another person, combined with a capacity to communicate this understanding. Empathy in the context of clinical care can lead to positive patient outcomes including greater patient satisfaction and compliance, lower rates of malpractice litigation, lower cost of medical care, and lower rate of medical errors. Also, health professionals' wellbeing is associated with higher empathy. Enhancing empathic engagement in patient care is one of the important tasks of medical education. In this article, I briefly describe 10 approaches for enhancing empathy in the health care environment: improving interpersonal skills, audio- or video-taping of encounters with patients, exposure to role models, role playing (aging game), shadowing a patient (patient navigator), hospitalization experiences, studying literature and the arts, improving narrative skills, theatrical performances, and the Balint method. I conclude that empathic engagement in the health care and human services is beneficial not only to the patients, but also to physicians, other health care providers, administrators, managers, health care institutions, and the public at large.
Human-Assisted Object Fitting to Sparse Range Point Clouds for Rapid Workspace Modeling in Construction Automation

In large-scale construction sites there are constant needs for rapid recognition and accurate measurement of objects so that on-site decisions can be made quickly and safely. Current methods involve full area laser range scanning systems that can produce very detailed models of a scanned scene, however the computational and data acquisition time that is required precludes the methods from being used for real time decision making. This paper presents algorithms to fit objects to sparse point clouds of measured data in a construction scene, that significantly decrease data acquisition time, and computational and modeling time. Two basic fitting and matching algorithms that address construction site material of cuboid and cylindrical shapes are discussed. Experimental results that indicate that the proposed algorithms assist an operator to create models of construction objects rapidly and with sufficient accuracy are also presented. KEYWORD: CONSTRUCTION AUTOMATION; LASER RANGE FINDER; LEAST SQUARES METHOD; OBJECT FITTING; OBJECT MATCHING; WORKSPACE MODELING
Conditioning, Kinematics, and Exchangeability

The change (“conditioning”) from prior P to posterior Q = P( |E) is appropriate only if it changes no probabilities conditionally on E. Under similar conditions a generalization of conditioning (“probability kinematics”) is appropriate when Q(E) < 1. That generalization is pretty nearly equivalent to ordinary conditioning on the extraordinary proposition that Q(E) has a certain value. Whether or not generalized conditioning is sensitive to the order in which successive changes are made depends on how the changes are set, e.g., by probabilities, or by ratios of probabilities. In a finitistic framework simple and generalized (“partial”) exchangeability are characterized and related to probability kinematics.
Abstract 839: Free Fatty Acids Inhibit Thrombomodulin Expression through Stress Signaling - An Implication for the Development of Prothrombotic State in Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome displays a significant prothrombotic feature with increased risk for stroke, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular diseases. However, the pathogenesis of the prothrombotic state in metabolic syndrome is not completely understood. One of the important features in metabolic syndrome is increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). In addition to being an important energy source, FFAs also act as signaling molecules regulating various cellular processes. A chronic elevation of FFAs, as seen in metabolic syndrome, may interfere with normal signaling and functions and contribute to the pathogenesis associated with metabolic syndrome. To determine whether FFAs’ have any effects on endothelial mediated thrombosis regulation, we examined the expression of prothrombotic factors von Willebrand factor (vWF), thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as well as anti-thrombotic factor thrombomodulin (TM) in FFA-treated human aortic endothelial cells. We observed that both palmitic acid and linoleic acid suppressed TM expression in a dose dependent manner with over 90% reduction at the dose of 0.5mM, whereas oleic acid had a minimal effect. Palmitic acid and linoleic acid inhibited TM expression at mRNA level. Additionally, the reduced TM expression led to decreased generation of activated protein C. To elucidate pathways for the TM suppression, we discovered that palmitic acid activated stress signaling JNK/AP-1 and inflammatory signaling IKK/NFkB pathways. Silencing JNK, AP-1 and NFkB with specific siRNAs reversed palmitic acid’s inhibitory effects on TM expression indicating that both pathways are involved in FFAs-induced TM down-regulation, probably by interfering with TM transcription. In summary, both palmitic acid and linoleic acid inhibit TM expression and protein C activation, which could account for prothrombotic status in patients with metabolic syndrome. Palmitic acid inhibits TM expression through JNK and NFkB pathways. Further studies along the direction may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to attenuate this prothrombotic effect, hence reduce the cardiovascular complications in metabolic syndrome - an epidemic in 21 st centaury (AHA-TX0565134Y).
Sensory and Microbial Quality of Milk Processed for Extended Shelf Life by Direct Steam Injection

Heat treatments of milk between 100 and 145°C produce a new type of product with a shelf life of 15 to 30 days at 7°C, which is termed extended shelf life (ESL) milk. Little information is available on the safety and sensory qualities of this product. Extended shelf life milk is being processed commercially to expand the distribution area of fluid milk products. After arrival at market, this product still has the shelf life of a pasteurized product. In this study milk was processed by direct steam injection at temperatures between 100 and 140°C for 4 or 12 s. Holding time did not significantly affect the sensory quality of the milk. A trained taste panel found cooked flavor and other off flavors varied significantly with increasing processing temperature and storage time. There were no significant differences noted in cooked or off flavors between 132 and 140°C. Psychrotrophic Bacillus species were isolated from milk processed at and below 132°C, while no organisms were isolated from milk processed at temperatures at or above 134°C. Consumer preference panels indicated consumers preferred milk processed at 134°C for 4 s to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) processed milk, although there was a slight preference for high-temperature short-time processed (HTST) milk compared to milk processed at 134°C for 4 s. Higher temperatures had a less destructive effect on lipase activity, while storage time did not significantly affect lipase activity.
Improving confidence by embracing uncertainty: A meta-analysis of U.S. hunting values for benefit transfer

Abstract Recreational hunting in the United States has traditional and cultural importance, and generates substantial economic benefits to individual hunters themselves. This paper conducts a meta-analysis of existing nonmarket valuation estimates for hunting in the United States to explore sources and implications of variation and uncertainty in these estimates. A multi-level meta-regression model is estimated to forecast point estimates for different hunting contexts, as well as to construct bounds of uncertainty around these estimates. The results and discussion provide insight to practitioners who need to conduct or understand benefit transfer, as well as those particularly interested in the value of hunting in the U.S.
O-029 Self-expanding stent versus drug-eluting balloon-expandable stent for intracranial arterial stenosis

Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) using self-expanding (SE) stents, bare metal balloon expandable (BMBE) stents, and (anti-mitogenic) drug-eluting balloon expandable (DEBE) stents. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all 195 cases of intracranial stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis performed by a single operator at a single institution from August 1998 to August 2017. Rates of residual stenosis, in-stent restenosis (ISRS) and adverse events were calculated for patients treated with each stent type. Results The results of the analysis for the entire cohort will be presented. Currently we report the results of our analysis for 60 patients for whom all desired data points were available. Mean pre-procedural stenosis rate was 84%. Of these, 42 were treated with SE (Wingspan) stents and 18 were treated with DEBE stents. The mean angiographic follow-up period was 8.2±4.5 months. The rate of significant residual stenosis immediately after PTAS (≥30%) was higher in the SE group (42.5%, 17 of 40) than the DEBE group (11.1%, 2 of 18; p=0.02). The rate of significant in-stent restenosis (≥50%) at angiographic follow-up was also higher in the SE group (47.5%, 19 of 40) than the DEBE group (16.6%, 3 of 18; p=0.03). The incidence of an ischemic event in the same distribution as the stent was higher in the SE group (37.5%, 15 of 40) than the DEBE group (11.1%, 2 of 18; p=0.039). The incidence of stroke or death within 30 days of PTAS was higher in the SE group (7.1%, 2 of 42 died from ICH, 1 of 42 from ischemic stroke) than the DEBE group (0%, 0 of 18; p=0.25). The incidence of TIA, stroke, or death within 30 days of PTAS was also higher in the SE group (9.5%, 4 of 42) than the DEBE group (0%, 0 of 18; p=0.18). Conclusion In regards to post-operative residual stenosis, in-stent restenosis, periprocedural complications, and ischemic events within the same distribution as the affected artery, DEBE stents were more effective than SE stents. Disclosures J. Sambursky: None. A. Padalia: None. R. Gandhi: None. M. Bellew: None. F. Hellinger: None.
Fixed Boundary PDE Model Implementation

The computer implementation of the PDE cancer vaccine-immune checkpoint inhibitor (CV-ICI) PDE model developed in Chap. 1 is discussed in this chapter for the case of a tumor fixed outer boundary. The implementation is formulated as a set of routines that can be compiled and executed within the basic R system (R is a quality, open-source scientific computing system that is readily available from the Internet.). The numerical algorithm for the solution of the PDEs is the method of lines (MOL). The PDE solutions are in numerical and graphical (plotted) form. In addition to the ODE/MOL routine, routines are also provided for drug source functions and spatial averaging.
Assessing the Risk and Return of Optimal Portfolios of U.S. Timberland and Farmland

Executive Summary. Using synthetic returns for timberland in the U.S. South and NCREIF data for farm crops from 2000:Q1 to 2016:Q4, we build efficient frontiers under the mean-conditional value-at-...
Open and Closed Loop Inductors for High-Efficiency System-on-Package Integrated Voltage Regulators

Integrated Voltage Regulators (IVR) with integrated magnetics have been shown to provide better efficiency and performance as compared to conventional on-board solutions by reducing power delivery networks (PDN) parasitic, and DC and switching losses. However, IVR integration remains a challenging problem, with a major bottleneck being the integration of power inductors especially for high-efficiency and high-conversion ratio converters in applications such as personal computers and servers, where conversion ratios of 12:1V or 48:1V (with currents of 10A - 200A) are typical. In this paper, package-embedded open and closed loop inductors are designed for a 48:1V 2.5A single-phase converter (basic building block for multi-phase converters to support higher current levels) based on an analysis of the overall system efficiency, considering the simulated characteristics of the inductor dc resistance, ac resistance and inductance, and saturation current. We show that toroidal inductors out-perform the solenoidal structures when they are embedded and surrounded by conducting planes, where the former has a higher inductance (32nH vs 16nH) and higher Q-factor (30 vs 21) at 10MHz, and similar DC resistance and saturation current between 5A - 8A.
Making terrains: Surveying, drones and media ecology

AbstractSite surveys are foundational to the design of landscapes. Rapid technological innovations have caused the range of phenomena that can be surveyed and the forms that landscape surveys can a...
Generalized colored circular palindromic compositions

We derive the generating function (g.f.) of the number of colored circular palindromic compositions of N with K parts in terms of the g.f. of an input sequence a that determines how many different colors each part of the composition can have. As a result, we get the g.f. of the number of all colored circular palindromic compositions of N. Using the latter formula and the g.f. of the number of colored circular compositions, we may easily derive the g.f. of the number of all colored dihedral compositions of N.
The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru: I. Statistical hypotheses tests with a new quantitative technique

This paper describes a new, simple, quantitative technique for evaluating the relative usefulness of plants to people. The technique is then compared to the quantitative approaches in ethnobotany that have been developed recently. Our technique is used to calculate the importance of over 600 species of woody plants to non-indigenous mestizo people in Tambopata, Amazonian Peru. Two general classes of hypotheses are formulated and tested statistically, concerning (1) the relative importance of different species, and (2) the importance of different families. The plant families are compared with respect to all uses, and with respect to five broad groups of uses. Palms, Annonaceae, and Lauraceae were found to be the most useful woody plant families. On average, the 20 largest woody plant families are most important to mestizos for subsistence construction materials, followed in descending order by commercial, edible, technological, and medicinal uses.
Constructing subdivision rules from polyhedra with identifications

Cannon, Swenson and others have proved numerous theorems about subdivision rules associated to hyperbolic groups with a 2‐sphere at infinity. However, few explicit examples are known. We construct an explicit finite subdivision rule for many 3‐manifolds obtained from polyhedral gluings. The manifolds that satisfy the conditions include all manifolds created from compact right angled hyperbolic polyhedra, as well as many 3‐manifolds with toral or hyperbolic boundary. 20F67, 57M50
Imperial Appetites and Altered States: The Spanish Transformation of the Inca Heartland

In 1532, agricultural production in the region surrounding Cuzco, the Inca capital, focused on producing surpluses of staple goods and channeling them to the capital for use in imperial feasts and ceremonies. By 1600, the region was producing both Andean (coca leaf, maize) and Eurasian (wheat, sheep) commodities for the growing colonial centers, particularly the mining city of Potosi. In the intervening decades, the former Inca heartland experienced a transformation in land use and the consumption of food and drink. This chapter explores the changes in Inca foodways in the Cuzco region, the introduction of Eurasian crops and animals, and the concomitant spread of commodity production of staple products. The chapter concludes by discussing how the establishment of non-Andean foods buttressed the colonial divide between “Indian” and “Spaniard,” and how important Inca commensal practices—especially the consumption of maize beer and coca leaf—were reshaped. Colonial administrators described the public consumption of maize beer as a threat to morality and public health and punished Andean elites who sponsored drinking events. At the same time, officials made coca leaf cheap and available for all indigenous people, even though they acknowledged coca chewing was an impediment to the spread of Christianity.
Trends in Healthcare Research on Visual Impairment and Blindness: Use of Bibliometrics and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Purpose: Individuals with visual impairments and blindness who are marginalized in healthcare systems are located at the intersection of low accessibility for healthcare services and health-related information. To uncover recent trends in vision healthcare research, this study employed a text mining approach to literature analysis.Methods: A total of 506 journal articles published between January 2000 and April 2020 were collected from the Web of Science database. To investigate the main research themes and evolving trends, bibliometric and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed using R software.Results: Although the number of articles per year fluctuated in the past two decades, the findings of this study indicate a growing interest in visual impairment healthcare research. The United States contributed 32.3% to the overall output followed by the United Kingdom (16.7%). The prolific journals were Ophthalmic Epidemiology (4.7%), British Journal of Ophthalmology (4.4%), and JAMA Ophthalmology (3.4%). By using a hierarchical clustering algorithm, the 10 main research topics were estimated.Conclusions: Given the increasing prevalence of visual impairment in an aging society, an understanding of the current knowledge structure in scientific literature is essential for innovating on the existing healthcare system. The results of this study can guide researchers to discover the unexplored research areas and provide new directions for future work.
Hennepin County Adult Detention Center's Response to a 2019 Hepatitis A Outbreak in Minnesota.

Hennepin County Adult Detention Center (Jail) is Minnesota’s largest jail. In August 2019, the Minnesota Department of Health declared a statewide hepatitis A outbreak. Within three days, Hennepin ...
Logical bytecode reduction

Reducing a failure-inducing input to a smaller one is challenging for input with internal dependencies because most sub-inputs are invalid. Kalhauge and Palsberg made progress on this problem by mapping the task to a reduction problem for dependency graphs that avoids invalid inputs entirely. Their tool J-Reduce efficiently reduces Java bytecode to 24 percent of its original size, which made it the most effective tool until now. However, the output from their tool is often too large to be helpful in a bug report. In this paper, we show that more fine-grained modeling of dependencies leads to much more reduction. Specifically, we use propositional logic for specifying dependencies and we show how this works for Java bytecode. Once we have a propositional formula that specifies all valid sub-inputs, we run an algorithm that finds a small, valid, failure-inducing input. Our algorithm interleaves runs of the buggy program and calls to a procedure that finds a minimal satisfying assignment. Our experiments show that we can reduce Java bytecode to 4.6 percent of its original size, which is 5.3 times better than the 24.3 percent achieved by J-Reduce. The much smaller output is more suitable for bug reports.
Effects of casting parameters and impurity concentrations on as-cast U–10Mo

Abstract This work investigates the effects of casting parameter changes on as-cast uranium-10 wt% molybdenum (U–10Mo) alloys on a 1–2 kg scale. A commercial tilt-pour vacuum induction melting system was utilized to study the effects of casting atmosphere, total heating time, hold time at maximum temperature, mold temperature, and crucible type on as-cast U–10Mo impurities and dendrite size. Fourteen plates of differing geometry were cast and analyzed for carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen impurities, as well as molybdenum content. Primary dendrite lengths (PDL) in the microstructure are quantified. A statistical evaluation was performed to identify key carbon and oxygen relationships with operating parameters, impurities, and PDL. Additional factors investigated include crucible material, time at maximum temperature, and total heating time. Zirconia crucibles reduced carbon content on average by 35 % over traditional graphite crucibles. There was statistically relevant associations between carbon and oxygen content, oxygen content and maximum temperature hold time, mold temperature and PDL, and between PDL, maximum temperature hold time, and mold temperature.
Common Law and Enlightenment in England, 1689-1750

This book explores how English legal culture, deeply imbued with the ideas and practices of common law, engaged with the new intellectual, institutional and cultural changes of the Enlightenment. It argues that common law survived as an important part of English legal culture because it was able to meet the various challenges posed by Enlightenment rationalism and civic and commercial discourse. Drawing on works of jurisprudence, legal histories, manuals of law and notebooks of legal practice, and looking in detail at four pivotal, widely-discussed cases, the book illuminates the ways in which common law custom and tradition continued to be valued foundations for the authority of law, even during a period of political change, commercial growth and philosophical rationalism. Exploring the challenges to and adaptations within common law thinking in England in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the book reveals that the common law played a much wider role beyond the legal world in shaping Enlightenment concepts. JULIA RUDOLPH is Associate Professor of History at North Carolina State University. She is the author of Revolution by Degrees: James Tyrrell and Whig Political Thought in the Late Seventeenth Century (Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), and of various articles on gender, crime, and the history of the book in early modern England. She has also edited a collection of theoretical and interdisciplinary essays entitled History and Nation (Bucknell University Press, 2006).
Reciprocity in Elastodynamics

The reciprocity theorem has been used for over 100 years to establish interesting and useful relations between different loading states of a body. This book discusses current and novel uses of reciprocity relations for the determination of elastodynamic fields. The author, who is internationally distinguished for his contributions to theoretical and applied mechanics, presents a novel method to solve for wave fields, shedding new light on the use of reciprocity relations for dynamic fields in an elastic body. The material presented in the book is relevant to several fields in engineering and applied physics. Examples are ultrasonics for medical imaging and non-destructive evaluation, acoustic microscopy, seismology, exploratory geophysics, structural acoustics, and the response of structures to high-rate loads and the determination of material properties by ultrasonic techniques.
Ethics of Resigning

Ethics of Resigning J. Patrick Dobel Resigning from office is a critical ethical decision for individuals. Resignation also remains one of the basic moral resources for individuals of integrity. The option to resign reinforces integrity, buttresses responsibility, supports accountability, and can provide leverage and boundary drawing. I argue that the moral reasons to resign flow from three related moral dimensions of integrity. Individuals in office promise to live up to the obligation of the office. This promise presumes that individuals have the capacity to make and keep promises, the competence to do the tasks of office, and the ability to be effective. This article examines how failure in each of these areas generates strong moral reasons to resign.
Using a social-ecological model to examine obesity interventions

The Nutrition and Physical Activity Program to Prevent Obesity and Other Chronic Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses a Social-Ecological Model (SEM) as a framework for examining the problem of childhood overweight and obesity (Hamre et al., 2006). Trim Kids (Sothern, von Almen, & Schumacher, 2001) is a program aimed at improving the health status of children and includes elements at the individual, interpersonal and organizational levels. In this study, data from eleven sessions of the Trim Kids program were examined to determine the effectiveness of the program in improving weight status as indicated by reductions in mass, BMI, BMI-for-age percentile or waist circumference. Statistically significant reductions were detected for BMI with small effect sizes in all variables. The results of this study suggest that increases in stature may have been more influential than reduction in mass in reducing BMI. Trim Kids and other behavior-change programs would benefit from recording stature data as a critical component in tracking weight status in children. Trim Kids is a program that does not require expert leadership or expensive equipment and may have benefits in engaging families and slowing the progression of obesity.
Parallel optimal routing control by commodities for large data networks

In this paper, a new distributed algorithm is proposed to solve optimal routing problems (ORPs) for large data network with multicommodities. Contrast to the existing algorithms for general network topology, which have parallel time complexity of O(M/spl Phi//sup 2/) assuming that all the nodes of the network have a processor, our algorithm takes O(m/spl Phi//sup 2/) time units using the same number of processors if some mild network conditions are met. Here, /spl Phi/ is the diameter of the network; M is the number of commodities; m is a positive number usually much smaller than M. The exact value of m depends on the pattern of the OD pairs including the locations of origin nodes and destination nodes, and the flow demand of OD pairs. The implementation of the algorithm for a 200-node network is simulated using OPNET simulation tool and the results show that our algorithm is much faster than the general algorithms. >
The Conceptual Complexity of Central Bankers and the Asian Financial Crisis

This paper examines the impact of the conceptual complexity of central bankers on exchange rate volatility during the Asian Financial Crisis of the late 1990s. Theoretically, this paper develops a framework to study the cognitive style of individual central bankers in conjunction with the institutional features of the central banks they head. The paper also controls for a variety of other common explanations for exchange rate volatility during this time period, including the number of veto players representing the political system and underlying structural features of the Asian economies. Empirically, the cross-sectional time-series analysis finds that more conceptually complex central bankers were able to reduce exchange rate volatility during the crisis years, especially when they inhabited highly independent central banks. This paper concludes that linking the study of key individuals to macroeconomic outcomes in the global political economy is a promising area of research.
The effects of 11-methyl 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on gastric acid secretion in man.

Abstract 11-Methyl 16,16 Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (TM-PGE) was administered orally to man in dosages of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 μg/kg. Maximal inhibition of basal secretion was 52 and 78% and submaximal histamine-stimulated secretion 45 and 70% for volume and acid output, respectively. Secretory inhibition was observed for approximately two hours after ingestion of the drug. No effect was observed on serum gastrin levels. Side effects occurred with equal frequency in the placebo and drug groups. TM-PGE is well tolerated and inhibits both basal and submaximal histamine-stimulated acid secretion in man. Further evaluation may prove it to be helpful in the clinical treatment of acid hypersecretory states and peptic ulcer disease.
Spreadsheet analysis in human services

Abstract Computerized spreadsheets were developed to support accounting functions, but these programs have come to have much broader applications. This chapter introduces spreadsheet analysis, briefly explains key concepts used in creating spreadsheets, and finally gives examples from direct practice and human service administration. While spreadsheets can be used for any task that requires manipulation of numbers or use of a calculator, they are most useful in producing charts and tables and for modeling problems requiring “what if” projections.
An algorithm and computer program for calculating composition phase diagrams

Abstract An algorithm has been developed to determine the minimum Gibbs energy surfaces and composition phase diagrams of chemical systems. In order to apply the algorithm, phases are represented by points in the parametric space of a system. This requires that the compositional variation of solutions be described by a series of “pseudo-compounds” of differing compositions. All phase regions of an approximated c component system are thus linear as they are defined by the coordinates of c point phases (i.e., phases of fixed composition), which may correspond in part or entirely to a single solution phase. These regions form c-1 dimensional simplicial facets on the Gibbs energy-composition surface of the system and are identified by an abbreviated combinatorial method. This method is feasible because the chemical potentials of the components are constant in any region and can be rapidly determined from linear algebraic techniques. The true phase rule variance of phase regions is found by counting the number homogeneous phases, which may be represented by one or more point phases, in each region as identified by the algorithm. The algorithm can be generalized to other thermodynamic state functions for systems with additional extensive independent variables, such as volume and entropy. The procedure has been coded as a FORTRAN computer program, Bounds, which is capable of treating five component systems with up to eight hundred point phases. Because the calculation of stable phase equilibria is assured by the algorithm, Bounds can be used to calculate composition phase diagrams for systems with complex phase relations, e.g., multinodal solvi. Bounds also provides the basis for a simple method of calculating phase diagrams as a function of both composition and variables like pressure, temperature, and chemical potentials.