cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Scaling Distributed Low-Power Wireless Image Sensors

The power cost associated with communicating images across a wireless sensor networks is high. Therefore, we provide a method of organizing a large distributed system through analysis of its sensing capabilities to efficiently communicate features of images within the sensor field. Concurrent detections of targets in a sensor field are used to analyze the field of view of image sensors. Link weights are established to provide intelligent communication behavior. Using these link weights, sensor nodes communicate to those that need target features to estimate a 3D track. They also communicate to warn sensor nodes of an approaching target. We illustrate the feasibility of this approach through simulations and deployed experiments.
Development of a Climate Record of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Column Ozone from Satellite Remote Sensing: Evidence of an Early Recovery of Global Stratospheric Ozone

Abstract. Ozone data beginning October 2004 from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are used to evaluate the accuracy of the Cloud Slicing technique in effort to develop long data records of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and for studying their long-term changes. Using this technique, we have produced a 32-yr (1979–2010) long record of tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone from the combined Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and OMI. Analyses of these time series suggest that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is the dominant source of inter-annual variability of stratospheric ozone and is clearest in the Southern Hemisphere during the Aura time record with related inter-annual changes of 30–40 Dobson Units. Tropospheric ozone for the long record also indicates a QBO signal in the tropics with peak-to-peak changes varying from 2 to 7 DU. The most important result from our study is that global stratospheric ozone indicates signature of a recovery occurring with ozone abundance now approaching the levels of year 1980 and earlier. The negative trends in stratospheric ozone in both hemispheres during the first 15 yr of the record are now positive over the last 15 yr and with nearly equal magnitudes. This turnaround in stratospheric ozone loss is occurring about 20 yr earlier than predicted by many chemistry climate models. This suggests that the Montreal Protocol which was first signed in 1987 as an international agreement to reduce ozone destroying substances is working well and perhaps better than anticipated.
Psychotropic Medication Use in Children With Autism in the Kentucky Medicaid Population

This study reviewed Kentucky Medicaid claims data for children with autism spectrum disorders to determine psychotropic drug (PTD) use in this population. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ICD-9 code 299.XX) in 3 different age-groups from 2005 to 2008 were identified; PTD use was defined as at least 1 prescription per year. PTD use in all age ranges was higher than in previously reported studies. High PTD use in children between 1 and 5 years is particularly of concern and may reflect perceived inadequacies of comprehensive educational/behavioral services for these children.
Double-Strand Break Repair and Holliday Junction Processing Are Required for Chromosome Processing in Stationary-Phase Escherichia coli Cells.

As nutrients are depleted and cell division ceases in batch cultures of bacteria, active processes are required to ensure that each cell has a complete copy of its genome. How chromosome number is manipulated and maintained in nondividing bacterial cells is not fully understood. Using flow cytometric analysis of cells from different growth phases, we show that the Holliday junction–processing enzymes RuvABC and RecG, as well as RecBCD, the enzyme complex that initiates DNA double-strand break repair, are required to establish the normal distribution of fluorescent peaks, which is commonly accepted to reflect the distribution of chromosome numbers. Our results reveal that these proteins are required for the proper processing of chromosomes in stationary phase.
Low-temperature exfoliation of multilayer-graphene material from FeCl3 and CH3NO2 co-intercalated graphite compound

Microwave induced rapid decomposition of nitromethane at low temperature exfoliates the graphene sheets from the FeCl(3) and CH(3)NO(2) co-intercalated graphite compound without creating many defects and functional groups. This approach provides a scalable method for high-quality graphene materials via low-temperature exfoliation of graphite under mild chemical conditions.
Clinico-pathologic comparison of type II endometrial cancers based on tamoxifen exposure.

Abstract Objective To compare clinico-pathologic variables and protein expression of potential regulatory components in patients who develop type II endometrial cancer with and without antecedent tamoxifen. Methods Clinico-pathologic variables were compared for all surgically staged patients (2000–2008) with grade 3 endometrioid, papillary serous, clear cell, and carcinosarcoma of the uterus based on tamoxifen exposure [Tam (+) vs. Tam (−)]. Overall survival was analyzed using a multivariable Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier estimates. Protein expression of ERα, PR, mTOR, p-mTOR, IGF-1R, EGFR, VEGF and HER-2/neu was compared by immunohistochemistry using a semiquantitative scoring system. Results Of 115 patients with high grade endometrial cancers, 15 received tamoxifen. These patients were older at diagnosis than Tam (−) patients. A higher percentage of Tam (+) patients had carcinosarcoma compared to Tam (−) patients (60% vs. 30%, P=0.038). Overall survival for Tam (+) patients was shorter than Tam (−) patients (16.6 vs. 32.2months, P=0.004). The hazard ratio for death for Tam (+) patients was 2.53 (P=0.014), controlling for age and stage. Intensity and extent of staining were similar for ERα, PR, VEGF, EGFR, p-mTOR and HER-2/neu. The average expression score for IGF-1R and mTOR in the Tam (+) group was significantly higher than the Tam (−) group: 10.3 vs 7.0, P=0.001 and 6.0 vs 3.1, P=0.029, respectively. Conclusion There are differences in the biology of type II endometrial cancers that develop in women with prior tamoxifen exposure. Tamoxifen associated cancers show higher expression of IGF-1R and mTOR, which should be further investigated.
The Relation of Season of Freshening to Milk Production

Summary Milk yields for 22,212 Connecticut cows averaged highest for cows freshening in February and lowest for cows freshening in July. The most favorable month of calving came later in the fall-winter season than had been found in studies in other areas. Production for cows calving in the most favorable month of freshening exceeded that in the least favorable month by 13.7 per cent. This was much greater than found by Woodward in a 12-state analysis but less than was found in recent studies in New Hampshire, and about the same as found in New York. The association of milk yield with month of calving was similar for each of the four breeds—Guernsey, Holstein, Ayrshire, and Jersey. The association also was similar for each of the most important age groups, although the difference in yields between the most favorable and least favorable month of calving became relatively greater as age increased. In determining differences in yields associated with month of calving, statistical procedures taking into account the joint relationship of age with season of freshening were necessary. As the cows in Connecticut herds increased in age, a smaller proportion freshened in the fall months of the year.
Rational functions with no recurrent critical points

Let h be the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set of a rational map with no nonperiodic recurrent critical points. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for h-dimensional Hausdorff measure and h-dimensional packing measure of the Julia set to be positive and finite. We also show that either the Julia set is the whole Riemann sphere or h 1/2.
Responsibility and Democratic Rule

The failure of citizens to accept responsibility for political and social problems is often lamented; however, it is not always clear what exactly accepting such responsibility entails. I address this problem by examining two visions of responsible citizenship that have significantly influenced American theory and practice, that of Henry David Thoreau and Jane Addams.In the first half of the paper, I demonstrate that Thoreau's account of responsible democratic citizenship is based upon questionable assumptions. Thoreau describes social and political problems as resulting from blameworthy individual behavior, namely the decision to participate in corrupt institutions. Hence, he concludes that the only way to be a responsible citizen is to remove oneself from corrupt and inefficient institutions. Unfortunately, individual dissent is not likely to be a responsible political strategy in all circumstances. The role of blame in this discussion is also troubling, as Thoreau often seems to be blaming his fellow citizens for failing to conform to his own relatively narrow conceptions of human flourishing.In the second half of the paper, I explain how Addams avoids such mistakes. Unlike Thoreau, Addams does not expect individual citizens to bear full moral responsibility for political and social problems. Many problems, she explains, result from social processes, rather than from blameworthy individual behavior. Such problems are best remedied through social cooperation, rather than individual dissent or communal succession. Moreover, while Addams is not unique in calling for collective solutions to shared problems, her understanding of the relationship between responsibility and democratic rule is particularly insightful. For example, she explains why blaming individuals for problems that result from social processes is incompatible with democratic norms. While Addams's account of responsibility democratic citizenship is not completely unproblematic, she provides a useful framework upon which contemporary thinkers can build.
From Artist to Martyr: On Commemorating Ahmed Basiony

Thirty-two-year-old multimedia artist Ahmed Basiony was one of the earliest martyrs of the 2011 Egyptian uprisings. Shortly after his death his work was selected for the Egyptian pavilion at the fifty-fourth Venice Biennale. This article questions the choice of Basiony as a representative on a national pavilion. It also examines some of the curatorial choices made in the presentation of Basiony’s work. It argues that the emphasis on the artist’s martyrdom throughout the exhibition restricts our reading of his work to the tragic events leading to his untimely death. This article also suggests that in the 2011 Egyptian pavilion exhibition we can see the earliest manifestations of the now well-established counterrevolution, as the Ministry of Culture—a representative of “deep” state—seeks to assert itself as the continued sponsor of cultural production, as well as the guardian of martyrs and their memorialization.
Real-time observer for the vector control of an induction motor drive

Using vector control (VC) theory for AC machines can result in high performance speed and torque responses. An induction machine driven by a vector control system exhibits behavior similar to a separately excited DC machine with independently controlled flux and torque. In this paper the d-q model of an induction motor drive is used to derive the state space matrix representation of the drive system. A state observer model using the machine currents and speed measurements is analyzed. The estimator is derived by direct synthesis from the state equations. A space vector pulse width modulation (SV-PWM) inverter is used to supply the power waveforms to the induction motor. The model implementation and system simulation is performed using MATLAB/Simulink software. Finally, the overall vector control system is validated in real-time using a hardware in loop (HIL) system based on the dSPACE CLP1104 control board.
Absolute brain size: Did we throw the baby out with the bathwater?

The recent study by Sherwood et al. (1) in this issue of PNAS is a study in irony. It is thus so because the authors used some of the most current and sophisticated histological and data-analytic tools to, in the end, unearth … a dinosaur. Now the authors did not do this in the literal sense. Rather, they laid bare an “extinct” measure of brain anatomy: that old fossil known as absolute brain size. Even as far back as the 1800s, Alexander Brandt (2) and, a bit later, Otto Snell (3) demonstrated the importance of scaling the brain to body size, signaling the impending demise of absolute brain size as a valid measure of brain capacity. The final death knell was struck in its most popular form by Harry Jerison, who reminded us once again that brain–body allometry plays a major role in the size of any species' brain. He effectively argued that the brain, like any other organ, scales with body size, and the validity of the use of brain size as a measure of intelligence or information processing capacity rests upon the size of the brain relative to the size of the body. He introduced the encephalization quotient (EQ) as a proper measure of relative brain size across species (4). EQ is a number that essentially quantifies how much larger or smaller the average brain size of a given species is relative to the expected brain size based on body size. Likewise, the residual of a brain weight–body weight regression across a sample of species provides similar information. And, although different authors have different theoretical justifications for the parameters of the brain–body size relationship across species [see Deaner et al. (5) for review], all measures of relative brain size are based on the common assumption that it is only meaningful to consider brain size if body size, or some relative measure, is taken into account. Therefore, nowadays, absolute brain size as a measure of cognitive capacity is considered obsolete.
Dietary calcium induces regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic blacks.

Recent data from this laboratory indicate that dietary calcium supplementation causes reduced intracellular calcium in type II diabetic hypertensives. Consequently, we have assessed the effects of calcium supplementation on forearm blood flow (FBF) and vascular resistance (FVR) and left ventricular mass (LVM) in seven type II diabetic hypertensive black men with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) maintained off antihypertensive treatment for four weeks and then supplemented with 600 mg calcium per day for three months. A comparable group of black diabetic hypertensive patients treated with atenolol (50 mg) served as controls. LVM was determined by M-mode echocardiography and FBF and FVR by electrical impedance plethysmography at the end of the four week baseline and the 12 week supplementation periods. Calcium supplementation resulted in a decrease (P less than .05) in mean arterial pressure (from 121 +/- 4 to 114 +/- 3 mm Hg) which was accompanied by an 18% increase in FBF and a 20% reduction in FVR (P less than .05). LVM decreased from 289 +/- 22 at baseline to 240 +/- 22 g at the end of the supplementation period (P less than .02) and there was a significant correlation between changes in FBF and LVM (r = 0.82). Left ventricular end diastolic dimension decreased by 11% (P less than .05). These data indicate that calcium supplementation sufficient to normalize dietary calcium in black hypertensive diabetic men significantly reduces vascular resistance and causes partial regression of LVH.
Post hoc ergo propter once more an evaluation of ‘does monetary policy matter?’ in the spirit of James Tobin

Christina and David Romer’s paper ‘Does Monetary Policy Matter?’ advocates the so-called ‘narrative’ approach to causal inference. We demonstrate that this method will not sustain causal inference. First, it is impossible to distinguish monetary shocks from oil shocks as causes of recessions. Second, a world in which the Fed only announces intentions to act cannot be distinguished from one in which it in fact acts. Third, the techniques of dynamic simulation used in the Romers’ study are inappropriate and quantitatively misleading. And, finally, their approach provides no basis for establishing causal asymmetry.
Near-IR emission from metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions based on surface plasmon interactions

We report the observation of near-IR emission from Al-AlO x -Au tunnel junctions and a blurred-up peak at high applied voltage. We argue that it results from an interaction with near-IR surface plasmons.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor alters the synaptic modification threshold in visual cortex

The effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were investigated on synaptic transmission and two forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in visual cortex slices prepared from young (P21 -28) rats. The slices treated for 2-5 h in BDNF showed no difference from control slices when a 'strong' tetanus was used (theta-burst stimulation) to elicit a maximal level of LTP but displayed significantly greater synaptic potentiation in response to a 'weak' (20 Hz) tetanus. The BDNF-treated slices also showed significantly less LTD in response to a 1 Hz tetanus. Thus, BDNF treatment alters the relationship between stimulation frequency and synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex, shifting the modification threshold to the left. The effects of BDNF on LTP and LTD induction may be attributed to the significant enhancement of synaptic responses that was observed during conditioning stimulation. These data suggest that one role of BDNF during development of the visual cortex may be to modulate the properties of synaptic plasticity, enhancing synaptic strengthening and reducing synaptic weakening processes which contribute to the formation of specific synaptic connections.
Cultivating Healthy Discipleship Settings in Multi-Ethnic Churches:

Effective multiethnic church formation involves assessing discipleship aims and structures with sensitivity and consideration to the various ethnic elements within each congregation. This fosters e...
Mesoscale Observations of the Genesis of Hurricane Dolly (1996)

Abstract Recent numerical studies of tropical cyclone genesis suggest a new paradigm for how the surface vortex is established based on a highly nonaxisymmetric mechanism involving the interaction of low-level cyclonic circulations generated by deep cumulonimbus convection. A reexamination of mesoscale observations during the genesis of Hurricane Guillermo (1991) confirms the presence of multiple cyclonic circulations. More recently, airborne Doppler radar wind observations during the genesis of Atlantic Hurricane Dolly (1996) also reveal multiple lower-to-middle-tropospheric mesoscale cyclonic circulations during sequential 15–20-min compositing periods. A particularly well-organized, but initially weak (mean tangential wind of 7 m s−1), low-level cyclonic vortex embedded within the pre-Dolly tropical disturbance is observed coincident with deep, vertically penetrating cumulonimbus convection. The earliest observations of this vortex show the peak circulation near 2-km height with a mean diameter of 30–4...
Educational Salvation: Integrating Critical Spirituality in Educational Leadership

Improving education for students in K-12 urban settings remains a slow-paced and difficult task, with many successes in student learning being episodic at best. The disconnect between government mandates to improve schools and persistent societal issues of poverty and inequity act to increase stress on teachers and educational leaders working in urban schools. Drawing upon the strengths of the AfricanAmerican community and its collective historical experiences, this study explores creative ways to integrate spirituality in the education of students in urban schools. The authors begin by addressing the contextual and structural issues facing urban schools. They then explain the benefits of integrating the four elements of critical spirituality—critical self-reflection; deconstructive interpretation; performative creativity; and, transformative action—in educational leadership to enhance their work in urban communities.
Correlation-Preserved Statistical Timing With a Quadratic Form of Gaussian Variables

A recent study shows that the existing first-order canonical timing model is not sufficient to represent the dependency of the gate/wire delay on the processing and operational variations when these variations become more and more significant. Due to nonlinear mapping from variation sources to the gate/wire delay, the distribution of the delay will no longer be Gaussian even if variation sources are normally distributed. A novel "quadratic timing model" is proposed to capture the nonlinearity of the dependency of gate/wire delays and arrival times on the variation sources. Systematic methodology is also developed to evaluate the correlation and distribution of the quadratic timing model. Based on these, a statistical static timing analysis algorithm that retains the complete correlation information during timing analysis and has linear computation complexity with respect to both the circuit size and the number of variation sources is proposed. Tested on the ISCAS circuits, the proposed algorithm shows significant accuracy improvement over the existing first-order algorithm with a small amount of computational cost
Health Considerations in Environmental Planning

Criteria often used for evaluating public and industrial projects with pollution potential include profit and job expectations, efficiency of operation, and marketability of the materials or services produced. However, the extent and severity of human health effects which may arise from exposure to environmental discharges from the project are usually not incorporated into the evaluation process. The relevant steps in such a health analysis are: (1)The types of individuals who are most susceptible (because of their genetic, disease, or age characteristics) to exposure to expected pollutant discharges; (2)the number of these individuals potentially affected by the pollution source; (3)the location of susceptible individuals with respect to the pollution source; and (4)the potential health effects such people may incur due to the additional environmental stress caused by the pollution source. These considerations have been applied to various transportation and energy conversion projects.
1 KW Capacity Refrigeration System at 80 K ( LINIT-R1 )

A newly developed and tested cryogenic system for the 80 K temperature range is presented. The plant consists of i compressor unit and one cold box. The system runs fully automatically, has a very low noise level and can easily be operated by not specially trained personnel. The refrigeration is produced in a nitrogen circuit in the following manner: Nitrogen, compressed by an oil injected screw compressor, enters the cryogenic heat exchangers and then passes through two gas bearing turboexpanders to achieve the required low temperature. The expanded cold nitrogen gas is sent back to the heat exchangers where it completes the refrigeration circuit by fulfilling the heat recovery duties and returning to the nitrogen compressor at the beginning of the cycle. A nitrogen gas sidestream is separated from the cooled high pressure main stream, cooled further, liquefied, undercooled and finally expanded with a throttling valve into a separator containing the cooler of the user’s coolant circuit. Here the liquid nitrogen evaporates, fulfilling the plant’s cooling duties, and reenters the main circuit gas flow coming from the turboexpanders.
Abstract TP156: Re-analysis of the SAPPHIRE and CREST Trials Using Weighted Composite Endpoints

Background: Composite endpoints were used in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) and Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy (SAPPHIRE) trials to compare outcomes between those who underwent carotid artery stent (CAS) placement and those who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for treatment of carotid artery disease (CAD). However, using composite endpoints assumes that each individual outcome is of equal clinical importance. Objective: To determine if there was a difference in effectiveness between CAS and CEA in treating CAD if weighted composite endpoints were used in the two randomized trials. Methods: Long-term results were examined for each trial (3 years for SAPPHIRE and 4 years for CREST). Each outcome was given a weighted measure based on a point system [death=5; major stroke=4; minor stroke=2; and myocardial infarction=1]. Study populations were amplified by using a constant coefficient (sum of all points=12). Results were then compared between the CAS and CEA groups to determine statistical significance. Results: At 3 years, there were a total of 56 and 67 adverse outcomes in the CAS and CEA groups, respectively, in the SAPPHIRE trial. At 4 years, there were a total of 215 and 190 adverse outcomes in the CAS and CEA groups, respectively, in the CREST trial. Based on weighted composite endpoints, the CAS group had a significantly lower rate of adverse outcomes compared to the CEA group in the SAPPHIRE trial (p Conclusion: With the use of weighted composite endpoints, one can provide more clinically relevant information by discriminating among adverse outcomes and describing differences with greater discriminatory power. Based on weighted composite endpoints, there is clear superiority of CAS over CEA in the SAPPHIRE trial, but the converse is true of results from the CREST trial.
Connections in Thin Low-Ductility Steels

Bolted and fillet welded connections fabricated from flat sheets of thin low-ductility low carbon steels were tested as part of a research program investigating the influence of ductility on the behavior of cold-formed members under static loading. Material elongation in a 2-in. gage length ranged from 4% to 8%, while the tensile to yield strength ratio ranged from 1.0 to 1.1. Standard tension coupon test procedures were modified to distringuish between local and uniform ductility of the material. The load carrying capacity of the connections can be predicted by equations similar to those for high ductility steels.
A Study to Quantify the Physical Demands Placed upon Personnel Assigned to an Air Force Maintenance Specialty

This paper describes an experimental thesis completed for a graduate program at the Air Force Institute of Technology by Captain Ferde Arbeit and Captain Harry A. Schaefer. The purpose was to investigate the possibility of identifying the physical difficulty of some U.S. Air Force jobs through survey. Obtaining information in this manner from experienced employees has an advantage over direct measurement in that it requires much less effort. Using an example of sixteen journeyman-level maintenance technicians, estimates of task difficulty were paired with measured quantities. Statistical comparison of the data pairs indicated that experienced employees can indeed estimate the difficulty of physical tasks with satisfactory accuracy.
Singularities of hydrodynamic forces acting on particles in the near-contact regime

Abstract We consider a three-dimensional mathematical model of a viscous incompressible fluid in a bounded domain with two rigid particles modeled by spheres. One of the particles moves with prescribed translational and angular velocities, while the second one stays still. The near-contact regime of particles is considered. The hydrodynamic forces exerted on the moving particle exhibit singularity in terms of the small distance d between the particles, and this asymptotic behavior is accurately captured and rigorously justified. It is shown that this singularity is of two dominant orders: O ( d − 1 ) and O ( | log d | ) . Previous investigations on the subject, being mostly formal, demonstrated disparities in the second dominant term of asymptotics of the forces. In contrast, this study presents rigorously justified, clear and concise procedure for the derivation of all asymptotic terms of the hydrodynamic forces.
Test point optimization under unreliable test based on simulated annealing particle swarm optimization

Considering the false alarm and miss detection during testing and diagnosis of complex system, a new method was proposed to solve test selection problems under unreliable test based on Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization( SA-PSO) algorithm. Firstly, a heuristic function was established to evaluate the capability of test point detection, coverage and reliance. Then, combining the heuristic function with the least test cost principle and considering the requirement of testability targets, a fitness function to ensure optimal selection was designed. Lastly, the process and key steps of SA-PSO were introduced and the superiority of this algorithm was verified by simulation results of launch system of Apollo. The results show that the proposed method can find the global optimal test points. It can minimize test cost on requirement of testability targets and has higher fault detection and isolation rate compared with greedy algorithm and genetic algorithm.
Identification of sentinel health events as indicators of environmental contamination.

The consensus process was applied to addressing a public health topic; this was a novel endeavor. The following question was addressed: What role, if any, should sentinel health events play in the ...
Mixed Mode Fatigue Crack Growth Related to Widespread Fatigue Damage

The problems associated with fatigue were brought to the forefront of research by the structural failure of a transport category aircraft in 1988. This failure was attributed to the occurrence of multiple cracking which has since been termed “Widespread Fatigue Damage” (WFD). Figure 1 is a photograph of the multiple cracking that occurred in the upper rivet row of a lap splice joint located in the vicinity of the fuselage crown. Apparently, the fatigue cracks propagate at an inclined angle rather than purely horizontal. The inclined angle of the cracks implies that the fuselage lap joint is subjected to mixed mode loading. The source of the mixed mode loading in the fuselage is assumed to be biaxial stress due to cabin pressurization combined with transverse shear due to body bending. In this paper, a methodology to perform mixed mode fatigue crack growth calculations is proposed to predict the growth of inclined cracks emanating from an open hole in an infinite medium subjected to remote stress. This methodology is based on an engineering approximation of a curved crack modelled as a straight crack of equal stress intensity. Two different criteria are considered to determine the crack trajectory or angle of crack propagation. Also, different crack growth rate models are assumed for each criterion. In particular, the maximum principal stress criterion [1] is used in conjunction with an effective Paris-Walker type equation, and the strain energy density criterion [2] is used with a corresponding crack growth model.
Modeling of an Electronic Noise and Media in a Magnetic Recording Read Channel Using VHDL

This paper presents a modeling and simulation methodology of two challenging aspects of a partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) magnetic recording read channel: electronic noise and magnetic media. The methodology is based on an event-driven simulator that supports real-valued signals, such as standard VHDL. A few examples are presented for the noise source, PLL jitter/wander modeling, and magnetic media waveform creation. Success of this methodology has been demonstrated through a commercial 550 MHz PRML read channel IC. The read channel IC is of a mixed-signal design type with 30% analog and 70% digital content.
“Air from Another Life”: Poetic Inspiration and Creation in Seamus Heaney’s “A Kite for Aibhin”

In his nuanced essay on Seamus Heaney’s collection North, Richard Rankin Russell observes that the poems generally strike a counterbalance in their meditations on the relationship between beauty an...
U.S. Involvement in the LHC

The demise of the SSC in the U.S. created an upheaval in the U.S. high energy physics (HEP) community. The subsequent redirection of HEP efforts to the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can perhaps be seen as informing on possible future paths for worldwide collaboration on future HEP megaprojects.
Pain, Functional Scores, and Radiographic Severity of Illness Influence the Perception of Time Spent With the Physician by Patients Presenting for Initial Evaluation of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: Patient satisfaction has become a significant factor in reimbursement schedules for physicians. A matter of debate is whether the patient9s perception of time spent with the physician improves patient satisfaction. We sought to determine whether patient-physican time correlates with patient satisfaction and which factors are associated with patient perception of time. Methods: A total of 73 patients who presented for an initial evaluation of knee osteoarthritis were evaluated by the same orthopedic surgeon at an outpatient clinic in New Orleans, LA. Each encounter was timed with a stopwatch. After the physician encounter, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire assessing their perception of time spent with the physician, subjective pain, satisfaction with the visit, and understanding of the diagnosis and treatment plan. Patients were also asked to complete 4 functionality surveys. Radiographs of the patients9 knees were taken and quantified using Kellgren-Lawrence and Ahlback grading scales. Results: We noted no relationship between patient satisfaction and patients9 perception of time spent with the physician. Patients perceived their time with the physician to be an average of 6.5 minutes more than the actual time. However, patients who reported higher subjective pain scores (>7 on a 10-point scale) misestimated their time with the physician by nearly 96%, while patients with lower subjective pain scores ( Conclusion: Patients with greater subjective pain and worse functional status and patients with worse radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis perceived greater time spent with the physician. However, no relationship between these variables and patient satisfaction scores was seen.
Clinical Hypnosis, an Effective Mind-Body Modality for Adolescents with Behavioral and Physical Complaints.

Mind–body medicine is a system of health practices that includes meditation/relaxation training, guided imagery, hypnosis, biofeedback, yoga, art/music therapy, prayer, t’ai chi, and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Clinical hypnosis is an important mind–body tool that serves as an adjunct to conventional medical care for the adolescent patient. Clinical hypnosis specifically uses self-directed therapeutic suggestions to cultivate the imagination and facilitate the mind–body connection, leading to positive emotional and physical well-being. There are many similarities between clinical hypnosis and other mind–body/self-regulatory modalities such as visual imagery, mindfulness meditation, yoga, and biofeedback that incorporate experiential learning and mechanisms for change. They may be viewed as subtypes of the hypnotic experience and share the common experience of trance as the entree into self-empowered change in physiologic and psychological states. Clinical hypnosis can be used by health care providers to teach adolescents coping skills to deal with a wide variety of conditions such as chronic headaches, recurrent abdominal pain, anxiety, depression, grief and bereavement, phobias, anger, family stressors, sleep disorders, or enuresis. Clinical vignettes are given to help illustrate the effectiveness of hypnosis in adolescents.
Detection of radiation-induced brain necrosis in live rats using label-free time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) (Conference Presentation)

Differentiating radiation-induced necrosis from recurrent tumor in the brain remains a significant challenge to the neurosurgeon. Clinical imaging modalities are not able to reliably discriminate the two tissue types, making biopsy location selection and surgical management difficult. Label-free fluorescence lifetime techniques have previously been shown to be able to delineate human brain tumor from healthy tissues. Thus, fluorescence lifetime techniques represent a potential means to discriminate the two tissues in real-time during surgery. This study aims to characterize the endogenous fluorescence lifetime signatures from radiation induced brain necrosis in a tumor-free rat model. Fischer rats received a single fraction of 60 Gy of radiation to the right hemisphere using a linear accelerator. Animals underwent a terminal live surgery after gross necrosis had developed, as verified with MRI. During surgery, healthy and necrotic brain tissue was measured with a fiber optic needle connected to a multispectral fluorescence lifetime system. Measurements of the necrotic tissue showed a 48% decrease in intensity and 20% increase in lifetimes relative to healthy tissue. Using a support vector machine classifier and leave-one-out validation technique, the necrotic tissue was correctly classified with 94% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Spectral contribution analysis also confirmed that the primary source of fluorescence contrast lies within the redox and bound-unbound population shifts of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. A clinical trial is presently underway to measure these tissue types in humans. These results show for the first time that radiation-induced necrotic tissue in the brain contains significantly different metabolic signatures that are detectable with label-free fluorescence lifetime techniques.
Stress induced nuclear granules form in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans

Environmental stress can affect the viability or fecundity of an organism. Environmental stressors may affect the genome or the proteome and can cause cellular distress by contributing to protein damage or misfolding. This study examines the cellular response to environmental stress in the germline of the nematode, C. elegans. Salt stress, oxidative stress, and starvation, but not heat shock, induce the relocalization of ubiquitin, proteasome, and the TIAR-2 protein into distinct subnuclear regions referred to as stress induced nuclear granules (SINGs). The SINGs form within 1 h of stress initiation and do not require intertissue signaling. K48-linked polyubiquitin chains but not K63 chains are enriched in SINGs. Worms with a mutation in the conjugating enzyme, ubc-18, do not form SINGs. Additionally, knockdown of ubc-20 and ubc-22 reduces the level of SING formation as does knockdown of the ubiquitin ligase chn-1, a CHIP homolog. The nuclear import machinery is required for SING formation. Stressed embryos containing SINGs fail to hatch and cell division in these embryos is halted. The formation of SINGs can be prevented by pre-exposure to a brief period of heat shock before stress exposure. Heat shock inhibition of SINGs is dependent upon the HSF-1 transcription factor. The heat shock results suggest that chaperone expression can prevent SING formation and that the accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins is a necessary precursor to SING formation. Thus, SINGs may be part of a novel protein quality control system. The data suggest an interesting model where SINGs represent sites of localized protein degradation for nuclear or cytosolic proteins. Thus, the physiological impacts of environmental stress may begin at the cellular level with the formation of stress induced nuclear granules.
Energetics of alloys

Calculations on one-dimensional differential equations and simplified threedimensional tight-binding models have proved helpful in the development of a theory for the electronic states of macroscopic solids that do not have translational symmetry.1 Using modern order-N methods, it is now possible to calculate the electronic states of large clusters f atoms with realistic self-consistent density functional theory local density approximation (DFT-LDA) potentials. It has been proposed by Anderson,2 quite correctly, that certain aspects of the electronic structure of macroscopic solids must be qualitatively different from those of finite clusters of atoms, and this argument holds even if the clusters are periodically reproduced to fill all space. When coupled with other theoretical insights, however, results for large finite systems can be extrapolated to give a reliable picture of the electronic states of macroscopic disordered systems.
Simulation Analysis of Linear Quadratic Regulator Control of Sagittal-Plane Human Walking—Implications for Exoskeletons

The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is a classical optimal control approach that can regulate gait dynamics about target kinematic trajectories. Exoskeletons to restore gait function have conventionally utilized time-varying proportional-derivative (PD) control of leg joints. But, these PD parameters are not uniquely optimized for whole-body (full-state) performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of LQR full-state feedback compared to PD control to maintain bipedal walking of a sagittal-plane computational model against force disturbances. Several LQR controllers were uniquely solved with feedback gains optimized for different levels of tracking capability versus control effort. The main implications to future exoskeleton control systems include (1) which LQR controllers out-perform PD controllers in walking maintenance and effort, (2) verifying that LQR desirably produces joint torques that oppose rapidly growing joint state errors, and (3) potentially equipping accurate sensing systems for nonjoint states such as hip-position and torso orientation. The LQR controllers capable of longer walk times than respective PD controllers also required less control effort. During sudden leg collapse, LQR desirably behaved like PD by generating feedback torques that opposed the direction of leg-joint errors. Feedback from nonjoint states contributed to over 50% of the LQR joint torques and appear critical for whole-body LQR control. While LQR control poses implementation challenges, such as more sensors for full-state feedback and operation near the desired trajectories, it offers significant performance advantages over PD control.
Effects of Respiratory Training on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Objective To evaluate the effects of pressure threshold respiratory training (RT) on heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).
Improving the data information literacies of technical communication undergraduates

The research training that technical communication undergraduates receive remains an under examined but never more timely topic of discussion. The skills a practicing technical communicator must possess is quickly expanding. In particular, technical communicators require data collection, curation, and analysis competences. In our paper, we offer three case histories that illustrate how to increase the data information literacies of technical communication undergraduates. Our observations were recorded in three classroom settings: a content analysis course, a SEO and website analytics course, and a UX app development and design course. We conclude with suggestions for improving data information literacy in technical communication undergraduates well as a call to action for further research on this topic.
Breast Cancer Treatment in Young Women

Young women diagnosed with breast cancer present many unique challenges, both in treatment and in terms of management. Some of these considerations include genetic evaluation for cancer predisposing mutations, fertility preservation, and psychosocial issues. The constellation of all of these factors make younger patients with breast cancer require a multidisciplinary team.
Evidence for collective phenomena in pp collisions

Abstract Measurements of two- and multi-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at s = 5 , 7, and 13 TeV are presented. The data, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0 pb−1 (5 TeV), 6.2 pb−1 (7 TeV), and 0.7 pb−1 (13 TeV), were collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The second-order (v2) and third-order (v3) azimuthal anisotropy harmonics of unidentified charged particles, as well as v2 of K S 0 and Λ / Λ ‾ particles, are extracted from long-range two-particle correlations as functions of particle multiplicity and transverse momentum. For high-multiplicity pp events, a mass ordering is observed for the v2 values of charged hadrons (mostly pions), K S 0 , and Λ / Λ ‾ at p T ≲ 2 GeV / c . The v2 signals are also extracted from four- and six-particle correlations for 13 TeV pp collisions, with comparable magnitude to those from two-particle correlations. These observations strongly support the interpretation of a collective origin for the observed long-range correlations in high-multiplicity pp collisions.
Reading (for) Decolonization: Engaging With Life Writing in Labrador’s Them Days Magazine:

Them Days magazine is a quarterly publication that has been dedicated to preserving the history and culture of Labrador for the past 42 years. It is created in Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Labrador, in ...
The upcoming mutual event season for the Patroclus–Menoetius Trojan binary

Abstract We present new Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based Keck observations and new Keplerian orbit solutions for the mutual orbit of binary Jupiter Trojan asteroid (617) Patroclus and Menoetius, targets of NASA's Lucy mission. We predict event times for the upcoming mutual event season, which is anticipated to run from late 2017 through mid 2019.
Social Class and Attrition in Depressed Outpatients

A study reveals that in the context of high therapist motivation, defined time limits, and informal milieu, patients continue in casework treatment
Brief Note: Particle Size as a Factor in Thromboplastin Formation

Latex particles with diameters of 0.14 micron have been shown to be partially effective in the absence of platelets or phospholipids in the thromboplastin generation test.