cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deactivation characteristics of lanthanide-promoted sol–gel Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in propane steam reforming

Abstract Lanthanide-promoted sol–gel nickel catalysts supported on alumina were studied with regard to their activity and stability for propane steam reforming. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed oxidation, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with temperature-programmed reaction, and sequential temperature-programmed coking/gasification/hydrogenation were used to investigate the deactivation characteristics of the catalysts prepared. Adding small amounts (2 wt%) of lanthanide elements (i.e., La, Ce, and Yb) significantly improves steam reforming activity and stability. Although the catalysts deactivate more rapidly at higher reaction temperature, the activity loss can be suppressed by increasing the H 2 O/C ratio. The catalyst deactivation can be attributed to a combination of nickel sintering and coke formation. In addition, there appears to be partial oxidation of metallic sites after exposure to the reaction medium. Lanthanides cause enhanced sintering resistance, leading to smaller nickel crystallites in Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Cerium promotion effectively inhibits coking by increasing active oxygen species on the nickel surface due to enhanced water adsorption and gasification. Incorporation of cerium also reduces the dissolution and diffusion of carbon through nickel particles, thus preventing the formation of carbon filaments.
Specific Avidity of the Heart Muscle to Absorb and Store Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine are avidly absorbed and stored by the heart muscle but not by skeletal muscle of dogs. Stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic nerves augments myocardial norepinephrine but not epinephrine. Sympatholytic drugs do not diminish, some even increase active catecholamines in heart muscle. The results explain a number of pathophysiologic conditions briefly enumerated.
Mechanical Theorem-Proving by Model Elimination

A proof procedure based on a theorem of Herbrand and utilizing the matching technique of Prawitz is presented. In general, Herbrand-type proof procedures proceed by generating over increasing numbers of candidates for the truth-functionally contradictory statement the procedures seek. A trial is successful when some candidate is in fact a contradictory statement. In procedures to date the number of candidates developed before a contradictory statement is found (if one is found) varies roughly exponentially with the size of the contradictory statement. (“Size” might be measured by the number of clauses in the conjunctive normal form of the contradictory statement.) Although basically subject to the same rate of growth, the procedure introduced here attempts to drastically trim the number of candidates at an intermediate level of development. This is done by retaining beyond a certain level only candidates already “partially contradictory.” The major task usually is finding the partially contradictory sets. However, the number of candidate sets required to find these subsets of the contradictory set is generally much smaller than the number required to find the full contradictory set.
Maximum likelihood estimation of familial correlations

The “correlated random effects model” is discussed for analysing familial data with an arbitrary number of classes of possibly variable sizes. It is seen that the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters can be numerically computed through the EM algorithm. Explicit expressions for the Hessian matrix and Fisher's information matrix are obtained, so that both the Newton-Raphson and the scoring algorithms can be directly implemented. It is seen theoretically and numerically that the scoring algorithm takes very few iterations to converge, regardless of the choice of starting values. The EM algorithm, on the other hand, has the potential to handle very large problems. The connection of this model with the classical common correlation model is discussed. Through a mathematical equivalence between the two models, the maximum likelihood estimates of the common correlation model can be computed as simple functions ofthe estimates found in the correlated random effect model. This alternative approach of com...
The Dragonfly's Web: Courseware for children created by college students on the World-Wide Web

We describe a successful approach to teaching first-year undergraduates to produce World-Wide Web courseware. Students were responsible for coding, writing, graphics, research, and theory. We taught that courseware should elicit higher order cognitive processes such as problem solving, application, synthesis, and critical thinking in children. It appears that the exercise facilitated experiential learning, the application of theories of learning, and courseware and hypertext design, as well as promoting critical thinking in our undergraduates. We argue that psychology students can and should develop useful Web pages as a learning experience and service to the field.
Kinetic theory of a weakly unstable plasma

The evolution of a weakly unstable spatially uniform classical plasma is studied. Two methods are used. In the first method the nonlinear Vlasov equation is solved by a rigorous expansion technique with two small parameters γkωk and Ek2nκT, where γk and ωk are the growth rate and frequency of the unstable modes with wave vector k, and Ek is a typical amplitude of the electric field in the unstable modes. This leads to a quasi-linear theory in which mode coupling effects are important and these are fully discussed. In the second method the problem is considered on the basis of a kinetic theory developed from the B-B-G-K-Y hierarchy of equations. In this case a further expansion parameter is 1nλd3, where n is the number density and λd the Debye length. It is shown that the Balescu-Lenard kinetic theory may be modified to include instabilities provided the field fluctuations in the unstable modes are correctly treated by a nonlinear theory which again includes mode-coupling effects. The two methods are compared and discussed.
Enhanced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in mineralocorticoid hypertension.

Ring segments of superior mesenteric arteries studied in vitro were used to determine the role of the vascular endothelium in regulating vascular contractile and relaxant sensitivity in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Wistar rats were given DOCA (20 mg/kg s.c. twice per week) and 1% NaCl drinking water for 5 weeks. In ring segments containing endothelium, there was a decrease in contractile sensitivity to arginine vasopressin, no change in contractile sensitivity to norepinephrine and KCl, and no change in relaxant sensitivity to acetylcholine or isoproterenol in arteries from hypertensive rats compared with normotensive controls. Removal of the vascular endothelium by rubbing had no effect on the contractile response to arginine vasopressin and KCl or the relaxant response to isoproterenol in control arteries. In arteries without endothelium, DOCA-salt hypertension caused a threefold increase in contractile sensitivity for arginine vasopressin, norepinephrine, and KCl; a 50% reduction in maximal relaxation to isoproterenol; and a threefold decrease in relaxant sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside. Indomethacin (10 microM) had no effect on contraction or relaxation. However, N-monomethyl L-arginine unmasked altered contractile sensitivity to norepinephrine in arteries from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. These data show that the endothelium compensates for increased contractile and reduced relaxant responses of vascular muscle in DOCA-salt hypertension by increasing the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. These data suggest that altered vascular responsiveness is masked by the endothelium, thus preventing these alterations from contributing to increased peripheral resistance during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension.
Comparative electrocardiography in lizards: Effects of temperature and Gymnemasylvestre fractions

Abstract 1. 1. Electrocardiogram of four species of lizards, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Crotaphytus wislizeni, Cnemidophorus tigris and Sceloporus occidentalis, was investigated. 2. 2. The effects of high and low body temperatures and intraperitoneal injection of the aqueous extract of the leaves of the plant Gymnema sylvestre on the cardiac electrical activity of D. dorsalis and S. occidentalis were recorded. 3. 3. Heart rate at 28–30°C averaged 68,75,105 and 67 beats/min in C. tigris, C. wislizeni, S. occidentalis and D. dorsalis respectively. 4. 4. Heart rate increases as body temperature, Tb, increases and vice versa. It is concluded that lizards are not only sensitive to the actual value of Tb, but also to the rate of change in Tb. 5. 5. The electrocardiogram (EKG) is recognizable mainly by the prominent QRS complex. Occasionally a negative QRS wave was recorded. 6. 6. The duration of the QRS was about 30 msec and its amplitude obtained by subcutaneous electrode placements were between 0·2 and 0·3 meV. 7. 7. A decrease in Tb below 25dgC was followed by a gradual decline in the QRS amplitude, but it increased when Tb rose from 25 to 30°C and a further rise in Tb above 35°C had a slight effect. 8. 8. The injection of the extraction of G. sylvestre caused an increase in heart rate and in respiratory frequency as an initial response. This was followed by changes in the EKG characteristics and finally a decrease in heart rate.
Edge-based blur kernel estimation using patch priors

Blind image deconvolution, i.e., estimating a blur kernel k and a latent image x from an input blurred image y, is a severely ill-posed problem. In this paper we introduce a new patch-based strategy for kernel estimation in blind deconvolution. Our approach estimates a “trusted” subset of x by imposing a patch prior specifically tailored towards modeling the appearance of image edge and corner primitives. To choose proper patch priors we examine both statistical priors learned from a natural image dataset and a simple patch prior from synthetic structures. Based on the patch priors, we iteratively recover the partial latent image x and the blur kernel k. A comprehensive evaluation shows that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results for uniformly blurred images.
Student Perceptions of “Group Work: Leading in the Here and Now”

Abstract Students of group dynamics use Systematic Multiple Observation of Groups (SYMLOG) to rate interaction in the videotape series “Group Work: Leading in the Here and Now.”
Coronary Artery Spasm: A Mechanism for Chest Pain in Selected Patients With the Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome

A group of 14 patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome was referred for coronary angiographic study. The group was selected on the basis that all members had recurrent chest pain as their chief complaint and all had interpreted their chest pain as serious enough to warrant at least two previous emergency visits to medical facilities in the six months preceding the study. All were found to have normal left ventricular function, and only one had a significant fixed obstructive coronary lesion. Seven of 14 patients (50 percent) showed evidence of coronary artery spasm during the catheterization study, five of whom had histories highly suggestive of coronary vasospasm. During file catheterization, spasm occurred spontaneously in three patients, was ergonovine-induced in two, and was catheter-tip-induced in two. Ergonovine was administered to nine of the 14 patients. The drug induced vasospasm in two patients but failed in seven (two of whom had previously demonstrated catheter tip spasm). Of those seven patients who showed evidence of spasm, four had typical chest pain in association with reversible ST segment elevation and manifested a variant anginal syndrome.
Suppression of hyperfine dephasing by spatial exchange of double quantum dots

We examine the logical qubit system of a pair of electron spins in double quantum dots. Each electron experiences a different hyperfine interaction with the local nuclei of the lattice, leading to a relative phase difference, and thus decoherence. Methods such as nuclei polarization, state narrowing, and spin-echo pulses have been proposed to delay decoherence. Instead we propose to suppress hyperfine dephasing by the adiabatic rotation of the dots in real space, leading to the same average hyperfine interaction. We show that the additional effects due to the motion in the presence of spin-orbit coupling are still smaller than the hyperfine interaction, and result in an infidelity below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ after ten decoupling cycles. We discuss a possible experimental setup and physical constraints for this proposal.
An experimental device to provide substitute tactile sensation from the anaesthetic hand

Anaesthesia of the hand can result from injury or disease. It severely impairs the normal use of the hand and brings with it the danger of accidental self-inflicted injury due to the absence of pain. A prosthetic device intended to overcome this non-correctable handicap will have to measure the pressure at the finger of the hand and produce a suitable stimulus that is a function of this pressure. The experimental device described uses flexible pressure sensors, based on the principle of the mercury strain gauge. An RC beat-frequency oscillator emits an audible sound whose frequency is a function of this pressure. The considerations for the design of the device are discussed and first results of the practical use are reported.
SPECIAL SERIES: Intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders

Abstract Cognitive-behavioral treatments are efficacious intervention choices for anxious youth, yet the lack of access to and usage of evidence-based treatments outside of a research context continues to challenge efforts to disseminate and implement such interventions. One potential avenue for reconciling effective care and that most readily accessed by children and their families may be to offer treatment in an intensive format, typically consisting of a more concentrated dose of cognitive-behavioral treatment components. This special series in Cognitive and Behavioral Practice aims to explore the evolution of intensive cognitive-behavioral treatments currently under investigation across a variety of child and adolescent anxiety disorder populations, including specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, school refusal, and panic disorder. In addition to delineating the research support to date for intensive cognitive-behavioral treatment among children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, the articles included in this series provide detail on the application of each intensive intervention, highlight innovative treatment elements, and explore clinical and systematic issues unique to an abbreviated treatment format.
Head morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4. II. The role of gene 40 in initiating prehead assembly.

Abstract Although gene 40 function can be bypassed at low temperature, it is essential for efficient T4 head assembly. p40 appears to function at a very early stage of T4 head assembly, and this could be the reason for its location in an early gene region. p40 is not cleaved during head assembly, nor is it apparently incorporated into the mature phage particle or τ-particle. Gene 40 mutations do not affect the rate of T4-specific DNA synthesis, nor alter the regulation of RNA transcription. p40 appears to be located on the cytoplasmic membrane. Genetic evidence strongly suggests that p40 specifically interacts with p20 during an early stage of T4 prehead assembly, since secondary mutation in gene 20 can compensate for the lack of p40 at high temperature. These results are consistent with a model in which p40 helps provide a membrane-binding site for the proper assembly of p20 from which the assembly of T4 prehead on the membrane is initiated.
Systems Pharmacology of Arrhythmias

Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is a congenital or drug-induced change in electrical activity of the heart that can lead to fatal arrhythmias. Mutations in 12 genes encoding ion channels and associated proteins are linked with congenital LQTS. With a computational systems biology approach, we found that gene products involved in LQTS formed a distinct functional neighborhood within the human interactome. Other diseases form similarly selective neighborhoods, and comparison of the LQTS neighborhood with other disease-centered neighborhoods suggested a molecular basis for associations between seemingly unrelated diseases that have increased risk of cardiac complications. By combining the LQTS neighborhood with published genome-wide association study data, we identified previously unknown single-nucleotide polymorphisms likely to affect the QT interval. We found that targets of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs that cause LQTS as an adverse event were enriched in the LQTS neighborhood. With the LQTS neighborhood as a classifier, we predicted drugs likely to have risks for QT effects and we validated these predictions with the FDA’s Adverse Events Reporting System, illustrating how network analysis can enhance the detection of adverse drug effects associated with drugs in clinical use. Thus, the identification of disease-selective neighborhoods within the human interactome can be useful for predicting new gene variants involved in disease, explaining the complexity underlying adverse drug side effects, and predicting adverse event susceptibility for new drugs.
The annual cycle of oceanic heat storage and oceanic meridional heat transport

The global climatology of monthly heat storage and heat transport are presented using data from the Master Oceanographic Observations Data Set for the period 1949–1980. Heat storage and the rate of heat storage change are calculated for the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Heat transports on a monthly basis are calculated using surface energy flux data from a previous study together with the computed heat storage change. There is a large annual cycle in heat storage change at almost all latitudes with the largest amplitude in latitudes where the western boundary currents dominate. There is also a considerable annual cycle in the heat transport estimates. The heat transport in the Atlantic is northward most of the year except in January when there is significant southward transport. The largest northward transport is found at 5°N during March with a magnitude of about 2.0PW (1 PW =1015W). In the Pacific Ocean, northward transport dominates north of 20°N with a maximum of about 1.5PW at 25°N in July-September. South of 20°N, there is significant southward transport in July through September with a maximum of 1.5PW at 10°S in August. Overall, the largest northward transport in the Pacific is about 2.1 PW in March at 10°N. Heat transport in the Indian Ocean is mostly southward with a maximum of about 2.5 PW in May at 20°S except for a small northward transport in January-February north of 5°S. Although the uncertainties involved with the transport estimates are large, the transport values presented here compare rather well with direct estimates and with model results.
Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Extractability of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) Proteins

Protein extractability from defatted winged bean flour was studied under various conditions of pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), temperature (15°, 30°, 45°C) and time (10, 20, 30 min). Results indicated that protein extractability was strongly pH dependent. Maximum protein extract-ability was attained at pH 12 while the minimum extractability occurred at pH 4. Protein extractability was not significantly affected at the various temperature and time combinations; however, when extraction time was extended (at 15 min increments) from 30 min to 120 min, significantly higher (15%) protein was extracted at 30°C after an additional 60 min. Increased solvent-to-flour ratios resulted in increased protein extractability, but increased salt (NaCl and CaCl2) concentrations (1M) decreased extractability.
Infantile cortical hyperostosis(Caffey-Smyth syndrome)

Summary A case of infantile cortical hyperostosisin a Negro infant has been presented. The cardinal features of this syndrome are briefly reviewed. There is no effective specific treatment but the prognosis is uniformly good in the mild cases.
Confidence Bands of Uniform and Proportional Width for Linear Models

Abstract In this paper confidence bands are given for simple linear models. The confidence bands that are given are straight lines rather than curves and are either (1) parallel or (2) trapezoidal. The confidence bands are over a finite length interval.
Communicating Directionality in Flying Robots

Small flying robots represent a rapidly emerging family of robotic technologies with aerial capabilities that enable unique forms of assistance in a variety of collaborative tasks. Such tasks will necessitate interaction with humans in close proximity, requiring that designers consider human perceptions regarding robots flying and acting within human environments. We explore the design space regarding explicit robot communication of flight intentions to nearby viewers. We apply design constraints to robot flight behaviors, using biological and airplane flight as inspiration, and develop a set of signaling mechanisms for visually communicating directionality while operating under such constraints. We implement our designs on two commercial flyers, requiring little modification to the base platforms, and evaluate each signaling mechanism, as well as a no-signaling baseline, in a user study in which participants were asked to predict robot intent. We found that three of our designs significantly improved viewer response time and accuracy over the baseline and that the form of the signal offered tradeoffs in precision, generalizability, and perceived robot usability. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems—human factors, software psychology; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces— evaluation/methodology, usercentered design General Terms Design, Human Factors
Therapeutic targeting of IL-4- and IL-13-responsive cells in pulmonary fibrosis

Severe forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), such as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), can be impervious to modern steroid and immunosuppressive treatment regimens, thereby emphasizing the need for novel effective therapies. Understanding the cytokine networks that may affect immune and structural cell activation and, hence, the progression of these fatal fibrotic diseases, has been a focus in our research. In this regard, we have examined the role of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and their respective receptor subunits in this process. Examination of clinical surgical lung biopsies (SLBs) showed that IIP is characterized by the abnormal, heightened expression of the receptor subunits that bind IL-4 and IL-13. Specifically, IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2 (the high-affinity IL-13 receptor subunit) was present in greater abundance in SLBs and fibroblasts from IIP patients compared with normal patients, who exhibited no evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. These clinical findings prompted us to investigate whether the targeting of pulmonary cell types that were highly responsive to IL-4 and IL-13 was a viable therapeutic option in IIP. Using a chimeric protein comprised of human IL-13 and a truncated version of an exotoxin from Pseudomonas (abbreviated IL13-PE), we observed that IL13-PE selectively targeted human pulmonary fibroblasts grown from IIP SLBs, whereas it had a minimal effect on fibroblasts grown from biopsies from normal patients. In murine models characterized by abnormal airway or interstitial fibrotic responses, the intranasal administration of IL13-PE significantly attenuated the fibrotic response through the targeting of IL-4Rα-and IL-13Rα2-expressing pulmonary cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and pulmonary fibroblasts. Together, these data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 are required for the initiation and maintenance of pulmonary fibrosis, and highlight the importance of further investigation of anti-fibrotic therapeutics that prevent the action of both cytokines during clinical pulmonary fibrosis.
VALIDITY OF THE SECONDARY LEVEL ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST AT TEMPLE UNIVERSITY‐JAPAN

The study reported herein assessed levels and patterns of concurrent correlations for Listening Comprehension (LC) and Reading Comprehension (RC) scores provided by the Secondary Level English Proficiency (SLEP) test with direct measures of ESL speaking proficiency (interview rating) and writing proficiency (essay rating), respectively, and (b) the internal consistency and dimensionality of the SLEP, by analyzing intercorrelations of scores on SLEP item-type “parcels” (subsets of several items of each type included in the SLEP). Data for some 1,600 native-Japanese speakers (recent secondary-school graduates) applying for admission to Temple University-Japan (TU-J) were analyzed. The findings tended to confirm and extend previous research findings suggesting that the SLEP – which was originally developed for use with secondary-school students–also permits valid inferences regarding ESL listening- and reading-comprehension skills in postsecondary-level samples.
Involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation and protein kinase C in the activation of phospholipase D by H2O2 in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.

We have investigated the mechanisms involved in H2O2-mediated phospholipase D (PLD) activation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. In the presence of vanadate, H2O2 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLD as well as the platelet-derived growth (PDGF) factor receptor, protein kinase Cα (PKCα), and a 62-kDa protein in rat brain PLD1 (rPLD1) immune complexes. PDGF also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLD, but this was abolished by catalase, indicating that it was mediated by H2O2 generation. Interestingly, PLD was found to be constitutively associated with the PDGF receptor and PKCα. Stimulation by H2O2 showed a concentration- and time-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the proteins in rPLD1 immunoprecipitates and activation of PLD in the cells. Pretreatment of the cells with the protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of H2O2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and PLD activation. Activation of PLD by H2O2 was also inhibited dose-dependently by the PKC inhibitors Ro 31-8220 and calphostin C. Down-regulation of PKC by prolonged treatment with 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also abolished H2O2-stimulated PLD activity. H2O2 or vanadate alone did not induce tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the rPLD1 immune complex or PLD activation. Reduction of intracellular H2O2levels by pretreatment of the cells with catalase dramatically abrogated tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the rPLD1 immune complex and PLD activation, suggesting the potential role of intracellular H2O2 in H2O2-mediated PLD signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that both protein-tyrosine kinase(s) and protein kinase C participate in H2O2-induced PLD activation in Swiss 3T3 cells.
Importance of Women’s Relative Socioeconomic Status within Sexual Relationships in Communication about Safer Sex and HIV/STI Prevention

The socioeconomic status (SES) of women is increasingly considered an important factor for HIV/STI risk. The HIV/STI literature has largely focused on women’s absolute levels of SES, and therefore, the importance of their SES relative to their male sexual partners remains understudied. This paper examines the association between women’s relative SES and frequency of safer sex communication among heterosexual couples. A convenience sample of 342 couples (N = 684) recruited in New York City was asked about frequency of discussions with their partner about the need to use male condoms, about HIV prevention, and about STI prevention in the previous 90 days. Differences between partners in education, income, employment, housing, and incarceration history were combined using principal component analysis to form an index of women’s relative SES. Negative binomial regression models assessed associations between woman’s relative SES and communication frequency controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, and relationship type using a generalized estimating equation framework. On average, participants had 2.5, 4.2, and 4.8 discussions regarding the need to use male condoms, about HIV prevention, and about STI prevention, respectively. A one standard deviation increase in a woman’s relative SES score was associated with increased frequency of discussions about male condom use (adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 1.15; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.29), about HIV prevention (aRR, 1.25; CI, 1.14–1.37), and about STI prevention (aRR, 1.29; CI, 1.18–1.41). Women’s relative SES may be an important factor for sexual communication, and further research on its role in HIV/STI risk may uncover avenues for intervention.
A standardized two-sex stable population.

Abstract The “problem of the sexes” has been one of trying to reconcile inconsistent male and female demographic rates. The present paper deals with that question in the context of a two-sex stable population. A “rectangular” population, with equal numbers of persons in each age-sex group, is introduced as a standard, and a standardization relationship expressed in Eq. (3) relates changes in rectangular population rates to changes in age-sex composition. The standardization relationship is shown to satisfy a number of desirable properties and produce a realistic two-sex model. The standardization approach is then applied to data from Sweden 1973 and the United States 1963, and the results and their implications are discussed. In particular, it is seen that the intrinsic growth rate in a two-sex stable population is not necessarily bounded by the growth rate of the associated male and female one-sex stable populations.
Methods to mitigate data truncation artifacts in multi-contrast tomosynthesis image reconstructions

Differential phase contrast imaging is a promising new image modality that utilizes the refraction rather than the absorption of x-rays to image an object. A Talbot-Lau interferometer may be used to permit differential phase contrast imaging with a conventional medical x-ray source and detector. However, the current size of the gratings fabricated for these interferometers are often relatively small. As a result, data truncation image artifacts are often observed in a tomographic acquisition and reconstruction. When data are truncated in x-ray absorption imaging, the methods have been introduced to mitigate the truncation artifacts. However, the same strategy to mitigate absorption truncation artifacts may not be appropriate for differential phase contrast or dark field tomographic imaging. In this work, several new methods to mitigate data truncation artifacts in a multi-contrast imaging system have been proposed and evaluated for tomosynthesis data acquisitions. The proposed methods were validated using experimental data acquired for a bovine udder as well as several cadaver breast specimens using a benchtop system at our facility.
Transport theory modeling of atomic collisions in mixtures

Abstract Implantation and electronic and nuclear energy loss profiles are computed for energetic Bi ions in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 using a reduced Boltzmann equation and three interatomic potential models. The rise and decay in time of Y recoils is also similarly computed for As and O incident ions. Results for range, decay time and profiles are seen to be remarkably sensitive to the choice of interatomic potential, with the Universal potential yielding the deepest penetration and longest decay time while the TF potential shows the opposite behavior. These observations are consistent with the collisional energy transfers predicted by the potentials.
Erythrocyte Abnormality in Human Myopathy

Erythrocyte ghosts isolated from myopathic patients responded to 10(-4) molar ouabain with a dramatic increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity, while identical preparations from normal donors were inhibited by the same drug. These results have been interpreted in terms of a disease-related change in membrane integrity bearing upon function of the transport enzyme.
Sparse linear regression with elastic net regularization for brain-computer interfaces

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of decoding neuronal population signals using a sparse linear regression model with an elastic net penalty. In offline analysis of real electrocorticographic (ECoG) neural data the elastic net achieved a timepoint decoding accuracy of 95% for classifying hand grasps vs. rest, and 82% for moving a cursor in 1-D space towards a target. These results were superior to those obtained using l 2 -penalized and unpenalized linear regression, and marginally better than l 1 -penalized regression. Elastic net and the l 1 -penalty also produced sparse feature sets, but the elastic net did not eliminate correlated features, which could result in a more stable decoder for brain-computer interfaces.
Phase field modeling of channel dislocation activity and γ′ rafting in single crystal Ni–Al

Abstract Dislocation-precipitate interaction and directional coarsening (rafting) of γ′ precipitates in single crystal Ni–Al alloys under external load are investigated by three-dimensional computer simulations. The simulation technique is based on an integrated phase field model that characterizes simultaneously the spatiotemporal evolution of both precipitate microstructure and dislocations. The initial configurations consisting of cuboidal γ′ particles and dislocations in γ channels are constructed according to experimental observations and phase field simulations of the dislocation filling process in the γ channels. For a given state (sign and magnitude) of the lattice misfit and external load commensurate with experimental values, the predicted morphologies of the rafted γ′ precipitates and the rafting kinetics agree well with experimental observations. This indicates that plasticity plays a dominant role in the rafting process as compared to elastic modulus mismatch between γ and γ′ phases, which has been ignored in the present simulations. The spatial variation of chemical potential of solute atoms caused by the coupling between channel dislocations and misfit stress is evaluated from concentration and stress distributions, from which diffusion fluxes in the γ channels are analyzed.
Three times the injuries among occasional wood cutters compared to professional loggers: sample of emergency rooms in Central and Northern Wisconsin

Background No reliable statistics exist for injury rates among occasional woodcutters as opposed to professional loggers. Study objectives were to assess woodcutting injuries seen in emergency rooms and identify risk factors. Methods Individuals with woodcutting related injuries were identified in 14 emergency and urgent care departments in central and northern Wisconsin. A telephone survey was conducted within 3 weeks of presentation to determine number and types of injuries, causes, and characteristics of the injured. Results Three times as many woodcutting-related injuries occurred in non-logger survey participants (54 vs. 17). There was no significant difference in age or type of injury. Loggers were more likely to wear personal protective equipment. Younger individuals attributed their accidents to human errors, whereas older individuals felt their injuries were unavoidable. Conclusions Occasional woodcutting activities result in comparable, but more frequent injuries than professional logging activities. Further data are needed to assess impact on public safety. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:246–253, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Psychosexual Fixation and Perceptual Defense

Summary.-A word-count of 25-response Rorschach protocols (28 men, 33 women) was used to measure degree of fixation in orality, sadism, and anality. Oral, sadistic, and anal words were often projected briefly on a patterned screen in conditions designed to yield 50% hit rates. It was hypothesized that anality would correlate with over-all hit rates, while fixation in a specific area would correlate with a higher threshold for that content. Data confirmed the relationship between anality and over-all hit rates, while no relationship appeared between specific fixation and content threshold. "Perceptual defense" has been defined as referring to any systematic relationship between stimulus emotionality and the ease of recognition of stimuli (Brown, 1962). Bruner and Postman (1947) were first to report that disturbing or taboo words were more difficult to recognize than were neutral words, and the field quickly reached a dizzy popularity (Blurn, 1955). The disturbing nature of the stimuli were usually "natural" and unconditioned, although some experimenters actually used conditioning to convert neutral words into disturbing ones (Lazarus & McCleary, 1951). Comprehensive reviews of literature in the area abound (Brown, 1962; MacKinnon & Dukes, 1962; Eriksen & Pierce, 1968; Kline, 1972). No studies were conducted to examine specific character types and respective differences in thresholds for various content areas. The anal character "flees from the macrocosm of things to the microcosm of words" (Fenichel, 1945, p. 295). Adelson and Redmond (1958) hypothesized that anal retentive individuals, who are more methodical and efficient than others, should develop superior information-processing faculties. Using rhe Blacky pictures as measures of typology, they found that anal retentive women showed better recall abilities than did anal expulsive or non-anal subjects. These findings were subsequently not confirmed with a male sample (Pederson & Marlowe, 1960; Fisher & Keen, 1972) and only partially con
The detection of human minor alloantigens following restriction determinant implantation

Abstract The recognition of minor alloantigens by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) serves as a model for the recognition of tumor and viral antigens. Progress in this are has been limited, however, since CTL recognize minor alloantigens only in association with self-class I antigens. Thus, experiments designed to studt minor alloantigens are limited to target cells that share HLA determinants with the CTL. We raised CTL lines that recognized human minor alloantigens. In order to circumvent the problem that only target cells which expressed the appropriate restriction determinants could be tested for minor antigens, Sendai virus mediated fusion was used to integrate appropriate HLA antigens into cells that did not express them naturaly. The target cells were then tested in CML for their expression of minor antigens. The results of experiments demonstrated that, following class I implantation, the detection of minor antigens on certain restriction determinants negative cells was possible. Furthermore, the restriction determinants was able to associate with the minor antigen in a manner appropriate for recognition bythe T-cell receptor.
Update on the C2NVEO FLIR90 and ACQUIRE sensor performance models

The C2NVEO FLIR90 thermal imaging systems model released in June 1990 has become the community standard model for evaluating tactical FLIR systems. This model, which successfully predicts MRTD performance for first- and second-generation thermal imagers, differs from the 1975 NVEOL thermal model in three critical areas: sampling, noise, and two-dimensional MRTD. This paper explains how each of these effects is modeled in FLIR90. First, the paper discusses how the model incorporates sampling effects by imposing Nyquist frequency limits and using pre- and postsampling MTFs. Second, the treatment of directional noise and modifications to the NETD prediction is discussed. Third, the paper discusses the two-dimensional MRTD methodology and the adjustments it imposes on the Johnson range performance prediction methodology modeled in ACQUIRE. Additionally, changes and additions in forthcoming upgrades to both FLIR90 and the ACQUIRE range performance model are described.
Monopsonistically/monopolistically competitive regional development: Public correction of market outcomes

Abstract A model of regional market development is constructed which captures the inefficiencies typical in most of the related literature, and a variety of corrective policy options are explored. For taxes and subsidies, there is no dominant policy with each limited by the zero-profit constraint on entry, informational problems, or adverse distributional considerations. Discriminatory pricing decreases efficiency, but uniform pricing achieves optimal allocations. Public production has certain informational advantages.
The making of US monetary policy: Central bank transparency and the neoliberal dilemma

This article explores the implications of the Federal Reserve’s shift to transparency for recent debates about neoliberalism and neoliberal policymaking. I argue that the evolution of US monetary policy represents a specific instance of what I term the “neoliberal dilemma.” In the context of generally deteriorating economic conditions, policymakers are anxious to escape responsibility for economic outcomes, and yet markets require regulation to function in capitalist economies (Polanyi 2001). How policymakers negotiate these contradictory imperatives involves a continual process of institutional innovation in which functions are transferred to markets, but under the close control of the state. Thus, under transparency, Federal Reserve officials discovered innovations in the policy process that enabled “markets to do the Fed’s work for it.” These innovations enlisted market mechanisms, but did not represent a retreat from the state’s active role in managing the economy.
The First Pair (Yose ben Yoezer and Yose Ben Yohanan) or the Home of a Pharisee

In Pirqei 'Avot sayings attributed to the First Pair (zug) of Pharisaic Sages, Yose ben Yoezer and Yose ben Yohanan, three things are to be noted:First, that like the sayings attributed to teachers before and during the period of the five zugot and afterward to the five famous disciples of Yohanan ben Zakkai, the sayings of the two Yoses are presented in stylized form, in three clauses or phrases or items—which suggests that they are components of essentially one chief emphasis, rather than three separate, independent exhortations. Second, that beginning with the First Pair down through Yohanan ben Zakkai's disciples, all (with one puzzling exception) formulate their statements as address in terms of second person singular—suggestive of a master's address to his disciples or to those who are his followers. Third, that to both members of the First Pair there is attributed a concern with the home, the kind of home their disciples or followers should create; but the home advocated by the former Yose differs from the home advocated by the latter Yose. Thus different expectations are reflected by the respective authors of the two sayings. The insistence that the home of those accepting rabbinic authority must combine the features of home both Yoses plead for, comes to us from the tannaite period, from the days of Simeon ben Yohai, though it may be a bit earlier too.The analysis presented in the paper here is intended as continuation of the studies of PA teachings in Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 27, Studies and Texts III, ed. A. Altmann, and the Harry A. Wolfson Jubilee [Hebrew] Volume.
“I Wish the Hitting would Stop . . . ”: An Assessment of a Domestic Violence Education Program for Elementary Students

School officials across the country have recognized that many of their students live in homes where domestic violence occurs. As a result, several elementary schools have implemented education-based programs focused on this issue. The current study evaluates the efficacy of the “I Wish the Hitting Would Stop . . . ” program that was presented to elementary school children in two school districts in the Midwest. This study examines the level of knowledge retention by students who participated in the “I Wish the Hitting Would Stop . . . ” program during the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 academic years. Fourth- and fifth-grade students responded to open-ended questions regarding their understanding of domestic violence and their retention of the concepts presented in the “I Wish the Hitting Would Stop . . . ” curriculum. While the results suggest that students retain the information presented in the program, there also appears to be a gender difference in knowledge retention.
Decision analysis for an Afghanistan sustainable infrastructure plan (ASIP) with volatile emergent conditions

The Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) identifies over $50 billion of needs for infrastructure development over decades, in transportation, water, energy, telecommunications, and other areas. The US Department of Defense and US Department of State jointly coordinate over $10 billion of US funding in support for infrastructure development to stimulate and complement the resources of other government and non-government investors and donors. Projects have been identified across four investor/donor organizations but prioritization of investments, especially to achieve regional sustainability, has been a challenge because of the volatile situation and complexities of negotiation among investors and donors. Our effort (i) develops a methodology to prioritize major infrastructure projects under competing assumptions of emergent conditions including security, economic, environmental, workforce, and others, and (ii) demonstrates the methodology with twenty-seven major infrastructure projects of the Nangarhar province of Afghanistan. The effort supports government and nongovernment investors, donors, and stakeholders to make effective investments in Afghanistan infrastructure development under volatile emergent conditions. The effort develops three levels of analysis. In the first level, economic and demographic data are used to prioritize needs for infrastructure development. The second level of the methodology evaluates the impacts of selected projects across fourteen performance criteria derived from the ANDS, highlighting the sensitivity of the impacts to uncertain emergent conditions through an innovative re-weighting of the performance criteria. In the third level, the methodology identifies technical and non-technical requirements and dependencies among projects in a schedule and critical path analysis. This effort has been refined in a workshop of Afghanistan expatriates and representatives of US agencies. The next steps of the effort include providing training materials and embedding the methodology to a decision-aiding software for use in the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
Electron Microscopic Observations on the Three-Dimensional Morphology of Apatite Crystallites of Human Dentine and Bone'

In sections of human dentine (carious and sound) and bone examined with the electron microscope, apatite crystallites were seen to present long thin profiles somewhat suggestive of a cylindrical shape, broad profiles indicative of a plate-like shape, and profiles intermediate between these two extremes. With a special stereoscopic specimen holder allowing the specimen to be tilted through an angle of 30° it was possible to record images of two profiles of the same crystallite from different angles and thus gain information concerning the 3-dimensional morphology of crystallites showing a thin profile. In all fields so examined, the thin-profile crystallites that were properly oriented with respect to the axis of tilt exhibited a different width dimension in each of the two micrographs. From this it is concluded that the thin profiles actually represented edge views of plate-like crystallites.