cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel 3-way hybrid combiner/divider for high power C-class microwave amplifiers

Theoretical and experimental results of a novel 3-way tandem divider/combiner are presented. The device has hybrid properties and can be implemented on a low dielectric constant microwave substrate. The main advantages of the novel design are high power capability, low loss and good active return loss.
Do Unto Others: The Importance of Better Compliance with Consular Notification Rights

The right of a foreign national to contact his or her consulate upon arrest or detention in another country has been described as a fundamental and indispensible human right. It has also been part of U.S. law for decades. Yet U.S. authorities have repeatedly failed to provide foreign nationals and their consulates with notice as required by law. This failure is evidenced by the explosion in litigation of consular notification rights in recent years. This article explores some of the most interesting legal questions that are being raised in the area of consular notification rights. Drawing on the experiences and perspectives of a member of the consular staff of Mexico, an immigration attorney and a law professor, the authors provide real life examples that illustrate why consular notification is so important and how consular officers can assist when a foreign national is arrested or detained in the United States. The article analyzes litigation strategies that have been pursued to remedy noncompliance and the success or failure of those strategies to date. It discusses some state actions that have been taken or are proposed to increase compliance with consular notification rights. And finally, the article suggests some additional actions that may be taken in the future to better secure these important human rights.
Role of boundary constraints in DNA cyclization

We modify the classical Shimada-Yamakawa theory of DNA looping by generalizing the form of boundary constraints. This generalization is important in the context of DNA cyclization experiments since it mimics the reduced local rigidity of the "nicked" DNA loop. Our results indicate that the non-trivial boundary constraints may be responsible for the existing dramatic discrepancy between various DNA cyclization experiments. The developed effective Hamiltonian method may be further extended to a broad class of DNA looping problems.
Norepinephrine Transporter Heterozygous Knockout Mice Exhibit Altered Transport and Behavior

The norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) regulates synaptic NE availability for noradrenergic signaling in the brain and sympathetic nervous system. Although genetic variation leading to a loss of NET expression has been implicated in psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders, complete NET deficiency has not been found in people, limiting the utility of NET knockout mice as a model for genetically driven NET dysfunction. Here, we investigate NET expression in NET heterozygous knockout male mice (NET(+/-) ), demonstrating that they display an approximately 50% reduction in NET protein levels. Surprisingly, these mice display no significant deficit in NET activity assessed in hippocampal and cortical synaptosomes. We found that this compensation in NET activity was due to enhanced activity of surface-resident transporters, as opposed to surface recruitment of NET protein or compensation through other transport mechanisms, including serotonin, dopamine or organic cation transporters. We hypothesize that loss of NET protein in the NET(+/-) mouse establishes an activated state of existing surface NET proteins. The NET(+/-) mice exhibit increased anxiety in the open field and light-dark box and display deficits in reversal learning in the Morris water maze. These data suggest that recovery of near basal activity in NET(+/-) mice appears to be insufficient to limit anxiety responses or support cognitive performance that might involve noradrenergic neurotransmission. The NET(+/-) mice represent a unique model to study the loss and resultant compensatory changes in NET that may be relevant to behavior and physiology in human NET deficiency disorders.
Progress on quantum transport simulation using empirical pseudopotentials

After performing one-dimensional simulation of electron transport in narrow quantum wires without gate control in Ref [1], [2] using the open boundary-conditions full-band plane-wave transport formalism derived in Ref [3], we now extend the work to simulate three-dimensionally field-effect transistors (FETs) with a gate bias applied and obtain their transport characteristics. We optimize multiple procedures for solving the quantum transport equation (QTE), such as using a selected eigenvalue solver, the fast Fourier transform (FFT), block assignment of matrices, a sparse matrix solver, and parallel computing techniques. With an expanded computing capability, we are able to simulate the transistors in the sub- 1 nm technology node as suggested by the ITRS [4], which features ˜5 nm physical gate length, ˜2 nm body thick6ness, ˜0.4 nm effective oxide thickness (EOT), ˜0.6 V power supply voltage, and a multi-gate structure. Here we simulate an armchair graphene nanoribbon (aGNR) FET using a gateall- around architecture and obtain its transport properties. We will discuss the numerics concerning the matrix size of the transport equation, memory consumption, and simulation time.
Glycogen cycle enzymes and cyclic nucleotides in avian muscular dystrophy

Fast-frozen pectoralis muscle samples were taken from normal chickens (lines 200 and 412) and chickens having hereditary muscular dystrophy (line 304). The glycogen phosphorylase activity ratio (activity without AMP/activity with AMP) was significantly greater in dystrophic muscles (0.306 +/- 0.046) than it was in normal muscles (0.090 +/- 0.023). Glucagon treatment did not cause any changes in phosphorylase activity ratios. Isoproterenol treatment of both normal and dystrophic muscles raised the phosphorylase activity ratio of normal muscles to 0.446 +/- 0.054, which was not significantly different from that of the dystrophic muscles. The dystrophic muscles had significantly less glycogen than normal muscles (23.3 +/- 2.8 compared with 36.8 +/- 2.8 mumoles glucosyl units/g of muscle). There was no relationship of muscular dystrophy to total phosphorylase activity (measured in the presence of 1 mM AMP) and to glycogen synthase activities measured without and with glucose 6-phosphate. Normal muscles had 28% less cAMP and 49% less cGMP than dystrophic muscles, but these differences were eliminated by treatment of the chickens with glucagon.
Leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland and its angiographic features: A case report

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland is reported. This is a rare neoplasm at this location and actually may arise from the venous wall of the gland. Angiographically, this lesion is demonstrated as a vascular mass with early draining of the vein.
Modeling of hard part machining: effect of insert edge preparation in CBN cutting tools

Abstract High speed machining of hardened steels for manufacturing dies and molds offers various advantages, but the productivity often limited by mainly tool life. This study investigates the influence of edge preparation in cubic boron nitrite (CBN) cutting tools on process parameters and tool performance by utilizing practical finite element (FE) simulations and high speed orthogonal cutting tests. The predicted process parameters through FE simulations in high speed orthogonal cutting are expected to help optimize tool life and surface finish in hard machining of AISI H-13 hot work tool steel. A set of orthogonal cutting experiments using honed and chamfered CBN tools was performed and primary cutting force and thrust force were measured by using a force dynamometer along with a PC-based data acquisition system. The same set of cutting conditions was used in numerical FE simulations to predict forces, stresses and temperatures developed at the honed and chamfered CBN tools. Simulation results provided a distribution of stresses and temperatures at the cutting zone, chip–tool and workpiece–tool interfaces. Numerical simulations include testing different edge preparation geometry for CBN tools at different cutting speeds and feeds. The results show that a zone of workpiece material is formed under the chamfer acting as an effective rake angle during cutting. The presence of a chamfer affects the cutting forces and temperatures while no significant change in chip formation observed.
Passageless Comprehension on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test: Well Above Chance for University Students

The comprehension section of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (NDRT) is widely used to assess the reading comprehension skills of adolescents and adults in the United States. In this study, the authors explored the content validity of the NDRT Comprehension Test (Forms G and H) by asking university students (with and without at-risk status for learning disorders) to answer the multiple-choice comprehension questions without reading the passages. Overall accuracy rates were well above chance for both NDRT forms and both groups of students. These results raise serious questions about the validity of the NDRT and its use in the identification of reading disabilities.
1201 CARDIAC MALFORMATIONS IN A/J MICE INDUCED BY PHENYTOIN

The fetal hydantoin syndrome is characterized by unusual facies, increased incidence of cleft lip (CL) and/or palate, hypoplasia of the distal phalanges and an increased incidence of cardiac defects. The purpose of this study was to identify phenytoin as a cardiac teratogen in A/J mice and to identify the primordial cardiac structures affected. At 11 a.m. of gestational day 10, mothers of A/J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 75 mg/kg of phenytoin. Embryos, 24, 48, and 72 hours after such treatment, and newborn mice were sacrificed as were controls. The specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde and dissected the following day. They were dehydrated in alcohol and dried by the critical point technique. The hearts were sputter coated with gold and examined with a scanning electron microscope at 20kv. 89/107 offspring of treated mothers had CL as compared with 8/135 controls. 49/89 were cyanotic at birth. 47 newborns had a patent ductus arteriosus. 44 had an ostium primum atrial septal defect, 11 with an associated cleft in the anterior mitral leaflet and 7 with clefts in the mitral and triscupid valves. Coarctation of the aorta was noted in 11/49 newborn mice. In conclusion, phenytoin can be embryopathic when the embryo is exposed during critical stages of development of the heart and facial processes.
Rapid screening of atom transfer radical polymerization catalysts by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

An ESI-MS-based methodology allows for a rapid assay of ATRP catalyst performance without prior polymerization experiments.
The distribution of U and Pu in the St. Severin chondrite

A detailed study of the U distribution of the St. Severin chondrite has been made by fission track radiography in order to clarify the interpretation of fission Xe thermal release data in terms of the mineralogical location of the fission Xe within the meteorite. This is of importance because the ^(244)Pu/^(238)U ratio for St. Severin has been widely adopted as the average solar system value. The U contents of the constituent minerals cannot account for the total rock U which, instead, appears to be primarily localized on grain boundaries. The greatest localizations of U are in olivine-poor, orthopyroxene-rich ‘clasts’. Our data coupled with those of Podosek (1970a) show that ^(244)Pu in St. Severin was also located on grain boundaries and that the bulk of Pu and U are unfractionated within this meteorite. Due to recoil, the ^(244)Pu fission Xe is found in 10 micron surface layers on major phases. Assuming that the grain boundaries (on which the Pu was located) was formed during metamorphism, the ^(244)Pu/^(238)U ratio for St. Severin applies to a time subsequent to the textural recrystallization of the meteorite. Our data support the interpretation of Podosek and our best estimate of the solar system ^(244)Pu/^(238)U is 0.015.
Properties of fixed point sets and a characterization of the ball in Cn

We study the fixed point sets of holomorphic self- maps of a bounded domain in C n . Specifically we investigate the least number of fixed points in general position in the domain that forces any automorphism (or endomorphism) to be the identity. We have discovered that in terms of this number one can give the necessary and sufficient condition for the domain to be biholomor- phic to the unit ball. Other theorems and examples generalize and complete previous results in this area, especially the recent work of Jean-Pierre Vigue.
2009 Special Issue: Adaptive learning via selectionism and Bayesianism, Part I: Connection between the two

According to the selection-by-consequence characterization of operant learning, individual animals/species increase or decrease their future probability of action choices based on the consequence (i.e., reward or punishment) of the currently selected action (the so-called ''Law of Effect''). Under Bayesianism, on the other hand, evidence is evaluated based on likelihood functions so that action probability is modified from a priori to a posteriori according to the Bayes formula. Viewed as hypothesis testing, a selectionist framework attributes evidence exclusively to the selected, focal hypothesis, whereas a Bayesian framework distributes across all hypotheses the support from a piece of evidence. Here, an intimate connection between the two theoretical frameworks is revealed. Specifically, it is proven that when individuals modify their action choices based on the selectionist's Law of Effect, the learning population, on the ensemble level, evolves according to a Bayesian-like dynamics. The learning equation of the linear operator model [Bush, R. R., & Mosteller, F. (1955). Stochastic models for learning, New York: John Wiley and Sons], under ensemble averaging, yields the class of predictive reinforcement learning models (e.g., [Busemeyer, J. R., & Myung, I. J. (1992). An adaptive approach to human decision making: Learning theory, decision theory, and human performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 177-194; Montague, P. R., Dayan, P., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996). A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 1936-1947]).
Foreign Languages and Cross-Cultural Knowledge: A Survey of Their Importance as Perceived by Human Resources Departments of Ohio's International Businesses

ABSTRACT Leaders in many professions now realize that fluency in a foreign language and understanding the thinking and behavior of customers and competitors are essential in their fields if the United States is to participate effectively in this global community. The intent of this study was to investigate the degree of importance that Human Resources Departments of Ohio's international businesses place on foreign languages and cross-cultural understanding when they select candidates for their divisions, on foreign languages and cross-cultural training for employees once they are hired, and on cooperation with colleges and universities to provide the training. The results indicate that a slight minority of the 170 responding companies consider it important to hire employees with foreign languages and cross-cultural knowledge; several added that they would consider it most important if the hiring was done for international assignments. Even though a slight minority of companies with expatriates (the term used in business for employees working overseas) do not offer foreign languages and cross cultural training, almost all agree that such training increases productivity among expatriates and generates greater success with the assignment. Companies make little use of colleges and/or universities to train/educate employees and for translation and interpreting; however, if colleges and/or universities were to offer short-term courses for employees who travel or are transferred overseas, many companies would be interested in enrolling their employees.
History of Venous Research

During ancient times and the Middle Ages, knowledge about veins was more accurate than about arteries and the heart. The description of valves in the veins in 1536 induced William Harvey to think that blood flows unidirectionally. This reasoning led him to the discovery of circulation in 1628. Thereafter the venous system received little attention. Venous pressures were first measured by Stephen Hales in 1733. Albrecht von Haller (1707-1788) described the respiratory pump aiding venous return. Introduction of the mercury manometer by Jean Poiseuille (1799-1869) facilitated research on arteries but discouraged venous research by making low pressures more difficult to measure. Pierre Potain (1825-1901) and Sir James Mackenzie (1853-1925) analyzed the venous pulse with tambour recorders. Kenneth Franklin renewed interest in the subject through his book A Monograph on Veins (1937). Development of high-fidelity sensitive instruments during the last two decades finally resolved some fundamental problems concerning the venous system.
Differential predation on colour morphs of the Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum

Predation has often been invoked as a selective agent affecting colour patterns in a wide range of organisms, but data relating susceptibility to predation and objective measures of conspicuousness are rare. To investigate relative crypticity in free-swimming fishes, two colour morphs of the Midas cichlid were exposed to predation by largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. The two colour morphs, normal and amelanic golds, were viewed by predators in ponds against a uniform, natural background. Swimming pools, 4 m in diameter, were stocked with equal numbers of gold and normal juvenile Midas cichlids. Bass took a significantly higher proportion of normal-coloured fishes (69·2% of fish) than gold morphs overall, and in a significantly higher proportion of trials (68·8% of experiments). No differences were found between colour morphs in their behaviour or in the willingness of bass to attack either morph. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to the visual system of the predator and the relative conspicuousness of the prey colour patterns.
Performance of Monte Carlo Permutation and Approximate Tests for Multivariate Means Comparisons With Small Sample Sizes When Parametric Assumptions are Violated

Permutation testing has been suggested as an alternative to the standard F approximate tests used in multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). These approximate tests, such as Wilks’ Lambda and Pillai’s Trace, have been shown to perform poorly when assumptions of normally distributed dependent variables and homogeneity of group covariance matrices were violated. Because Monte Carlo permutation tests do not rely on distributional assumptions, they may be expected to work better than their approximate cousins when the data do not conform to the assumptions described above. The current simulation study compared the performance of four standard MANOVA test statistics with their Monte Carlo permutation-based counterparts under a variety of conditions with small samples, including conditions when the assumptions were met and when they were not. Results suggest that for sample sizes of 50 subjects, power is very low for all the statistics. In addition, Type I error rates for both the approximate F and Monte Ca...
Ventricular septal defects and pulmonic stenosis with and without dextroposition. Anatomic features and embryologic implications.

While overriding of the aorta over the right ventricle is a normal anatomic feature, dextroposition indicates a pathologic condition. It is characterized by deviation of the conus septum, partial presence of a subaortic infundibulum, counterclockwise rotation of the aortic root, and prolongation of the combined cardiac infundibulum. The septal defect which is present in dextroposition represents a malalignment gap between the ventricular and the distal conus septum. Dextroposition with obstruction to the pulmonary flow is considered as representative of tetralogy of Fallot, and without obstruction as the Eisenmenger complex. Infundibular isolated VSDs are deficiency defects in the infundibular septum without dextroposition. The normal overriding aorta may often simulate a dextroposition. Recognition, however, of the specific anatomic features of the VSD as well as absence of anatomic features of dextroposition may avoid errors in the anatomic diagnosis.
A Measure for Semialgebraic Sets Related to Boolean Complexity

Let X be a real anne or spherical semialgebraic set over a real closed field R. By spherical set we mean a subset of the manifold of the rays through the origin in the affine space R N+l, or equivalently a subset of RN+I\{O}/R +, defined by homogeneous polynomial relations. It is clear that in this latter space, using equivalence by positive homogeneity, we can define semialgebraic sets by systems of homogeneous polynomial equations and inequalities just as we define projective varieties by systems of homogeneous equations. Spherical geometry enjoys advantages not to be found in affine or projective spaces and in this paper we will show, using natural mappings between spherical and affine spaces, how it can be applied to affine geometry as well. As an application (Proposition 5.1 below) we demonstrate lower bounds for the number of inequalities necessary to define certain affine semialgebraic sets. Our key ingredients are a coarse, highly structured measure for the complexity of affine or spherical semialgebraic sets, a complexity reducing operator for spherical sets, and several complexitymonotonic mappings between spherical and affine spaces. We introduce our complexity measure and an associated filtered algebraic structure for semialgebraic subsets of X in the following sequence of definitions.
Attempted prostaglandin abortion in two cases of abdominal pregnancy.

Abstract Two patients admitted for second trimester abortions who had abnormal findings on pelvic examination and did not respond to intra-amniotic prostaglandin F 2α are presented. Both patients had an abdominal pregnancy and the findings and clinical course are presented.
Repair of coronary sinus rupture secondary to retrograde cardioplegia

Coronary sinus injuries related to retrograde cardioplegia administration are uncommon, but can be a lethal complication of this technique. This report describes a major coronary sinus disruption during retrograde cardioplegia administration and details a method of repair with suggestions for possible prevention of this complication.
The interrelation of hydraulic and electrical conductivities, streaming potential, and salt filtration during the flow of chloride brines through a smectite layer at elevated pressures

Abstract Solutions of NaCl and NaCl-CaCl 2 were forced through a clay plug made by compacting the 0.5–2.0 μm size fraction of Cheto montmorillonite. The initial concentration of NaCl solution was 1.10 molal ( m ), and that of NaCl-CaCl 2 solution was 0.92 m in NaCl and 0.075 m in CaCl 2 . The thickness of the clay plug was 0.5 cm. Two experiments were carried out, one with the NaCl solution and one with the NaCl-CaCl 2 solution. It took six to seven weeks to achieve constancy of effluent chemical composition and of streaming potential. Compaction pressure ( P c ) in these room temperature experiments was 34.5 MPa (5000 psi), differential hydraulic pressure across the clay was 13.8 MPa (2000 psi), and mean hydraulic pressure ( P mh ) was 15.9 MPa (2300 psi). These values of P c and P mh are approximate for a depth of 1525 m in sedimentary basins. Hydraulic flow rate, streaming potential, and brine chemical composition were measured periodically until steady state. Electrical conductance of the clay plug was measured in the beginning and at the end of each experimental run. The presence of Ca 2+ in the brine resulted in lower hydraulic conductivity and streaming potential but slightly higher electrical conductivity. The electroviscous effect was shown to cause a significant reduction in the flow rate. The experimental results conform to the predictions of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, for both Na-Cl and Na-Ca-Cl systems, under these simulated subsurface conditions. Salt filtration efficiencies of 48% were measured. In the Na-Ca-Cl system, Na + was preferentially transported through the clay relative to Ca 2+ .
Mineralization controls and source of metals in the Lufilian fold belt, Shaba (Zaire), Zambia, and Angola

The Pan-African Lufilian fold belt hosts extensive and rich polymetallic mineralization, dominated by Cu-Co and Zn-Pb sulfides, U oxides, and noble metals. Stratiform, vein, and skarn deposits are present in the late Proterozoic rocks of the Katangan Supergroup. Mineralization is regionally widespread.The sedimentary basin evolution included three phases. The first two, characterized by rift-fault-controlled rapid subsidence followed by slower thermal subsidence, were associated with bimodal magmatism and probably related to two thermal events. The third phase reflects the onset of tectonic deformation and uplift in the southern part of the basin.The stratiform mineralization, emplaced before the folding of the basin, is concentrated in lithologically varied permeable rocks of the Roan Group that underlie the impermeable rocks of the Lower Kundelungu Group. The stratiform mineralization was emplaced by convective circulation of basinal brines forced by a thermal gradient created by a wedge-shaped lithosome of Lower Kundelungu pelitic rocks with low thermal conductivity. Hypabyssal igneous intrusions and volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks were the source of metals. The metals were introduced to the aquifer horizons saturated with basinal brines by hydrothermal circulation associated with the hypabyssal intrusions and by compactional dewatering of a 5,000-m-thick body of pelitic rocks rich in volcaniclastic material.Vein mineralization, located on major late faults, resulted from regional metamorphism-driven dewatering of the folded basin. The skarn-metasomatic mineralization is associated with small post-Katangan acid intrusions and blocks of thermally rejuvenated basement.Details of the distribution of mineralization are stratigraphically and structurally controlled.
The Arctic on the fast track of change

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Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Function in Cardiac Amyloidosis

The hallmark of cardiac amyloidosis is abnormal diastolic function secondary to amyloid infiltration of the ventricular walls, which accounts for the term "stiff heart syndrome." The abnormal diastolic function has not yet been well characterized, however. Thus, we assessed left and right ventricular diastolic function in 53 patients with cardiac amyloidosis. We measured the left and right ventricular inflow and venous flow velocities with Doppler echocardiography and found a range of Doppler filling abnormalities. These abnormalities were dependent on the degree of amyloid infiltration of the heart as measured by mean left ventricular wall thickness. Patients with advanced cardiac amyloidosis (a wall thickness greater than or equal to 15 mm) showed restriction, while patients with early cardiac amyloidosis (a wall thickness less than 15 mm) showed abnormal relaxation or normal filling. In another study, during a 13-month follow-up, patients with early cardiac amyloidosis showed Doppler patterns that evolved from abnormal relaxation through a normal stage, to an advanced stage of restrictive disease. We also have demonstrated the importance of left ventricular inflow variables in predicting the outcome of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. We concluded that Doppler echocardiography is useful in characterizing abnormal diastolic function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
Effects of atorvastatin on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol phenotype and C-reactive protein levels in patients undergoing long-term dialysis.

Study Objectives. To determine the effects of atorvastatin on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) particle size and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Another objective was to compare the effects of atorvastatin on lipoprotein profiles as determined by direct versus indirect assessment of lipoprotein composition. Design. Randomized, parallel-group substudy. Setting. Two university-affiliated outpatient hemodialysis centers. Patients. Nineteen patients with LDL levels above 100 mg/dl and with at least two cardiovascular risk factors. Intervention. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to atorvastatin 10 mg/day or no treatment (control) for 20 weeks. Measurements and Main Results. We compared the differences between LDL particle size and CRP levels at baseline and 20 weeks in the atorvastatin versus control groups. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar between the two groups. Atorvastatin therapy was associated with no change in mean LDL particle size (p=0.23) and with a 90% decrease in mean CRP level (p=0.52). When evaluated by standard chemical analysis, atorvastatin therapy reduced total cholesterol levels by 29% (p=0.025) and resulted in nonsignificant reductions in LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Treatment with atorvastatin was not associated with significant changes in lipoprotein profile as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Conclusion. Treatment with atorvastatin did not affect LDL particle size but was associated with a sizable, yet nonsignificant, reduction in CRP concentrations. The drug had variable effects on lipoprotein concentrations as determined by chemical and NMR analytical methods. A larger study is necessary to provide definitive information on the effects of atorvastatin on LDL phenotype and CRP in patients with kidney disease.
Monomeric and Dimeric Amidinate Complexes of Magnesium

Treatment of anhydrous magnesium bromide with 2 equiv of (1,3-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)lithium, (1,3-di-tert-butylbenzamidinato)lithium, (1,3-diisopropylacetamidinato)lithium, or (1-tert-butyl-3-ethylacetamidinato)lithium (prepared in situ from the corresponding carbodiimide and alkyllithium) in diethyl ether at ambient temperature afforded bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)magnesium (81%), bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylbenzamidinato)magnesium (82%), bis[bis(N,N'-diisopropylacetamidinato)magnesium] (70%), or bis[bis(1-tert-butyl-3-ethylacetamidinato)magnesium] (93%), respectively, as colorless crystalline solids. These complexes were characterized by spectral and analytical data and by single-crystal X-ray crystallography for bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylbenzamidinato)magnesium, bis[bis(N,N'-diisopropylacetamidinato)magnesium], and bis[bis(1-tert-butyl-3-ethylacetamidinato)magnesium]. In the solid-state structure, bis[bis(1-tert-butyl-3-ethylacetamidinato)magnesium] was found to contain mu,eta(2):eta(1)-amidinato ligands. Bis[bis(N,N'-diisopropylacetamidinato)magnesium] exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium in toluene-d(8) between -20 and +60 degrees C. A van't Hoff analysis of this equilibrium afforded DeltaH degrees = -14.7 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol, DeltaS degrees = -44.9 +/- 0.2 cal/(mol.K), and DeltaG degrees (298 K) = -1.32 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol. The potential application of the new compounds in the chemical vapor deposition of magnesium-doped group 13 compound semiconductor films is discussed.
Activation of the Jak3 pathway is associated with granulocytic differentiation of myeloid precursor cells.

Jak3, a member of the Janus kinase family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is expressed at low levels in immature hematopoietic cells and its expression is dramatically up-regulated during the terminal differentiation of these cells. To better understand the role of Jak3 in myeloid cell development, we have investigated the role of Jak3 in myeloid cell differentiation using the 32Dcl3 cell system. Our studies show that Jak3 is a primary response gene for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the accumulation of tyrosine phosphorylated Jak3 correlated with cell growth inhibition and terminal granulocytic differentiation in response to G-CSF. Ectopic overexpression of Jak3 in 32Dcl3 cells resulted in an acceleration of the G-CSF–induced differentiation program that was preceded by G1 cell cycle arrest, which was associated with the up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 and down-regulation of Cdk2, Cdk4, Cdk6, and Cyclin E. In addition, ectopic overexpression of Jak3 appears to result in the inactivation of PKB/Akt and Stat3-mediated proliferative pathways in the presence of G-CSF. Similarly, overexpression of Jak3 in primary bone marrow cells resulted in an acceleration of granulocytic differentiation in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which was associated with their growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these results indicate that Jak3-mediated signals play an important role in myeloid cell differentiation.
Effects of phenobarbital or SKF 525A pretreatment on diphenylhydantoin disposition in pregnant mice

Abstract Teratogenicity of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in Swiss-Webster mice and alteration of such teratogenicity by pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital or SKF 525A have been demonstrated. The present work reports the effects of phenobarbital (60 mg/kg/day for 3 days) or SKF 525A (40 mg/kg, twice on day prior and once 1 hr before DPH) on DPH metabolism, distribution, and excretion in pregnant Swiss-Webster mice and concentrations in fetuses. Neither pretreatment affected uptake of DPH-4-14C, 100 mg/kg, 20 μCi/kg, from ip injection sites. Phenobarbital pretreatment enhanced, while SKF 525A decreased, DPH metabolism, excretion, and plasma disappearance. Phenobarbital increased DPH hepatic uptake during the absorption period but subsequently decreased the hepatic storage; SKF 525A increased hepatic storage of DPH. In general, phenobarbital decreased, while SKF 525A increased, DPH concentrations in maternal fat, brain, and muscle. SKF 525A increased, and phenobarbital decreased, DPH concentrations in placenta. In the fetus, phenobarbital pretreatment resulted in lower concentrations and faster removal of DPH; SKF 525A effected high concentrations and more prolonged removal. The DPH found in the fetus after phenobarbital was mainly unbound, unmetabolized DPH (77%), but unbound, metabolized DPH (4%) was significantly greater than control (2%). SKF 525A pretreatment did not significantly alter the portion of total, metabolized, or unmetabolized DPH in the fetus.
Low molecular weight catalytic metalloporphyrin antioxidant AEOL 10150 protects lungs from fractionated radiation.

The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of a catalytic antioxidant, Mn(III) tetrakis(N,N′-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin, AEOL10150, reduces the severity of long-term lung injury induced by fractionated radiation (RT). Fisher 344 rats were randomized into five groups: RT+AEOL10150 (2.5 mg/kg BID), AEOL10150 (2.5 mg/kg BID) alone, RT+AEOL10150 (5 mg/kg BID), AEOL10150 (5 mg/kg BID) alone and RT alone. Animals received five 8 Gy fractions of RT to the right hemithorax. AEOL10150 was administered 15 min before RT and 8 h later during the period of RT treatment (5 days), followed by subcutaneous injections for 30 days, twice daily. Lung histology at 26 weeks revealed a significant decrease in lung structural damage and collagen deposition in RT+AEOL10150 (5 mg/kg BID) group, in comparison to RT alone. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed a significant reduction in tissue hypoxia (HIF1α, CAIX), angiogenic response (VEGF, CD-31), inflammation (ED-1), oxidative stress (8-OHdG, 3-...
Nitrogen Recommendations for Corn: An On-The-Go Sensor Compared with Current Recommendation Methods

Precision agriculture technologies provide the capability to spatially vary N fertilizer applied to corn (Zea mays L.), potentially improving N use efficiency. The focus of this study was to evaluate the potential of improving N recommendations based on crop canopy reflectance. Corn was grown at four field sites in each of 2 yr in Centre County, Pennsylvania. Preplant treatments included: zero fertilizer, 56 kg N ha ―1 , and manure. Split-plot treatments included the following N sidedress rates as NH 4 NO 3 : 0, 22, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 280 kg N ha ―1 , and one at-planting N rate of 280 kg N ha ―1 . Light energy reflectance (590 and 880 nm), chlorophyll meter (SPAD) measurements, and the presidedress NO 3 test (PSNT) results were obtained at sidedress. The late-season stalk NO 3 (LSSN) test was determined. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) was determined based on grain yield response to sidedress N rates. Relative green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and relative SPAD were based on relative measurements from the zero sidedress treatment to the 280 kg N ha ―1 at-planting treatment. The EONR from 24 preplant treatment―site combinations was related to relative GNDVI (R 2 = 0.76), the PSNT (R 2 = 0.78), relative SPAD (R 2 = 0.72), and the LSSN test (R 2 = 0.64), suggesting that relative GNDVI was as good an indicator of EONR as these other, more conventional tests. Because relative GNDVI can be obtained simultaneously with a sidedress N fertilizer application, the potential to accommodate within-field spatial and season-to-season temporal variability in N availability should improve N management decisions for corn production.
Demixing pressure measurements of aerosol-OT in supercritical ethane and ethane + benzene mixtures

The demixing pressures (dew point pressures) for sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) in ethane and in ethane + benzene cosolvent mixtures were measured in a variable volume view cell. The temperatures studied ranged from 308 K to 333 K with benzene compositions ranging from 0 to 11.7 mass %. The demixing pressures of AOT in each solvent mixture were found to linearly increase with temperature while the demixing pressure was found to linearly decrease with increasing benzene concentration at constant temperature. It was observed that the addition of benzene to SCF ethane affects the demixing pressure of AOT primarily through its influence on the solvent density. A minimum solvent density is required to solubilize 1.6 mass % AOT, which remains constant as the solvent composition is changed at constant temperature. This demixing density was found to decrease slightly with an increase in temperature.
MMPI correlates of a controversial EEG pattern among adolescent psychiatric patients.

Relative to adult MMPI studies, few investigations address adolescent correlates of the MMPI. A particularly neglected area of potential importance has been the relationship between adolescent MMPI profiles and electroencephalographic (EEG) disturbances. This study examined EEG recordings, MMPI results, and psychiatric diagnoses of 99 (49 male; 50 female) psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Because there was a high incidence of 14 and 6 per second positive spike EEG patterns among males, one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were employed to compare MMPI results for 31 males with normal EEG patterns and 17 males with 14 and 6 per second positive spiking. The 14 and 6 per second positive spike EEG signal was related to significantly higher MMPI T score elevations on Hs, PD, and MF. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for both EEG and MMPI interpretations.
“If They're Trying to Say Something About My Culture … I'm Confused”: Recognizing and Resisting Authenticity in Latino-Themed Television

The television landscape has expanded to include an ever-increasing crop of culturally themed programs aimed at the Latina/o audience. Assumptions about the audience have shaped this trend, resulting in questions about the effectiveness of niche programming to satisfy viewer taste. This project investigates LatiNation with specific focus on the differences in the reception process based on participants' connection to their ethnic identity. In-depth interviews were conducted with self-identified Latina/o students who were also given a survey with scaled items to measure their connection to their ethnic identity. In general, the findings indicate that audience members produce varied readings of the text showing the participants actively negotiate identity by using LatiNation as an opportunity to both embrace and critique Latinidad.
Improved indexing for cache miss reduction in embedded systems

The increasing use of microprocessor cores in embedded systems as well as mobile and portable devices creates an opportunity for customizing the cache subsystem for improved performance. In traditional cache design, the index portion of the memory address bus consists of the K least significant bits, where K=log/sub 2/(D) and D is the depth of the cache. However, in devices where the application set is known and characterized (e.g., systems that execute a fixed application set) there is an opportunity to improve cache performance by choosing an optimal set of bits used as index into the cache. This technique does not add any overhead in terms of area or delay. We give an efficient heuristic algorithm for selecting K index bits for improved cache performance. We show the feasibility of our algorithm by applying it to a large number of embedded system applications as well as the integer SPEC CPU 2000 benchmarks.
Asymmetric mitosis: Unequal segregation of proteins destined for degradation

Mitotic cell division ensures that two daughter somatic cells inherit identical genetic material. Previous work has shown that signaling by the Smad1 transcription factor is terminated by polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation after essential phosphorylations by MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Here, we show that, unexpectedly, proteins specifically targeted for proteasomal degradation are inherited preferentially by one mitotic daughter during somatic cell division. Experiments with dividing human embryonic stem cells and other mammalian cultured cell lines demonstrated that in many supposedly equal mitoses the segregation of proteins destined for degradation (Smad1 phosphorylated by MAPK and GSK3, phospho-β-catenin, and total polyubiquitinylated proteins) was asymmetric. Transport of pSmad1 targeted for degradation to the centrosome required functional microtubules. In vivo, an antibody specific for Mad phosphorylated by MAPK showed that this antigen was associated preferentially with one of the two centrosomes in Drosophila embryos at cellular blastoderm stage. We propose that this remarkable cellular property may be explained by the asymmetric inheritance of peripheral centrosomal proteins when centrioles separate and migrate to opposite poles of the cell, so that one mitotic daughter remains pristine. We conclude that many mitotic divisions are unequal, unlike what was previously thought.
Stream mining for solar physics: Applications and implications for big solar data

Modern advances in space technology have enabled the capture and recording of unprecedented volumes of data. In the field of solar physics this is most readily apparent with the advent of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which returns in excess of 1 terabyte of data daily. While we now have sufficient capability to capture, transmit and store this information, the solar physics community now faces the new challenge of analysis and mining of high-volume and potentially boundless data sets such as this — a task known to the computer science community as stream mining. In this paper, we survey existing and established stream mining methods in the context of solar physics, with a goal of providing an introductory overview of stream mining algorithms employed by the computer science fields. We consider key concepts surrounding stream mining that are applicable to solar physics, outlining existing algorithms developed to address this problem in other fields of study, and discuss their applicability to massive solar data sets. We also discuss the considerations and trade-offs that may need to be made when applying stream mining methods to solar data. We find that while no one single solution is readily available, many of the methods now employed in other data streaming applications could successfully be modified to apply to solar data and prove invaluable for successful analysis and mining of this new source.
Ion mixing and thermochemical properties of markers in Cu

Markers of Nb, Ru, Ag, In, Sb, Hf, Pt, Au, and Bi in Cu were mixed by irradiation with 750 keV Kr at 77 K and analyzed in situ by backscattering of 1.9 MeV He+. Cu with Pt and Au markers were also irradiated and analyzed at 7 K. The results were identical to those obtained at 77 K results. The measured mixing efficienciesDt/oF D , for the various markers correlate with their respective impurity tracer diffusivities and impurity-vacancy binding energies in Cu. The correlation suggests that diffusion by a vacancy mechanism during a thermal spike as an important process in ion mixing of marker atoms in Cu.
Image algebra techniques for binary image component labeling with local operators

Binary image component labeling is a fundamental process in image processing and computer vision. This paper presents several image component labeling algorithms with local operators expressed in the language of image algebra. These algorithms are then analyzed for their time and space complexities.
A novel power optimization technique for ultra-low power RFICs

This paper presents a novel power optimization technique for ultra-low power (ULP) RFICs. A new figure of merit, namely the gm fT- to-current ratio (gmfT/ID), is defined for a MOS transistor, which accounts for both the unity-gain frequency and current consumption. It is demonstrated both analytically and experimentally that the gmfT/ID reaches its maximum value in moderate inversion region. Next, using the proposed method, a power optimized common-gate low-noise amplifier (LNA) with active load has been designed and fabricated in a CMOS 0.18mum process operating at 950MHz. Measurement results show a noise-figure (NF) of 4.9dB and a small signal gain of 15.6dB with a record-breaking power dissipation of only 100muW
Corticoids of the alligator adrenal gland and the effects of ACTH and progesterone on their production in vitro

Abstract Corticosterone and aldosterone were secreted by alligator adrenal tissue in vitro . Two unidentified components also were produced. The addition of progesterone to the incubation media resulted in an approximately eleven-fold increase in corticosterone prodution and an approximately two-fold increase in aldosterone production. Mammalian ACTH failed to increase the secretion of these two corticoids over that produced by control adrenal tissue or adrenal tissue in the presence of added progresterone. Acid extracts of the alligator adenohypophysis increased corticoid production by chicken adrenal tissue in vitro . Thus, ACTH activity is present in the alligator adenohypophysis.