cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient counseling: Clarifying a woman's choice for breast reconstruction

Abstract Over half a million women in the United States are currently living with mastectomies, yet fewer than 1% have availed themselves of breast reconstruction. The fact that so few women take advantage of this simple and effective surgical procedure, suggests a need for patient counselors to address the issue of how to help women who have undergone mastectomy clarify their choice for reconstruction. This paper points out some of the major obstacles that stand in the way of a woman making an informed choice. These obstacles include a lack of knowledge about the procedure, the woman's negative psychological response to her mastectomy as well as her response to some of the negative beliefs society attributes to her as a mastectomy patient. The patient counselor and patient educator must understand the nature of these obstacles. The counselor must also be able to provide the mastectomy patient with the knowledge and the psychological help she needs. This design for effective counseling with mastectomy patients can prepare the way for a large number of women to make a truly informed choice about their future.
External transcutaneous pacemaker for profound bradycardia associated with spinal cord trauma

The successful use of external transthoracic pacing is described in a case of spinal cord trauma with profound bradycardia. This modality achieved blood pressures equal to transvenous pacing. In patients in whom venous access is difficult or represents a risk of infection, transthoracic pacing may offer a worthwhile alternative.
Microevolution in biological control: Mechanisms, patterns, and processes

Abstract Microevolution may determine both the safety and efficacy of classical biological control. Despite a growing body of literature, there are several key unanswered questions regarding the role of evolution in biological control: (1) How common is local adaptation of natural enemies to their hosts or the environment in the native range? How critical is it for success of biological control to find locally adapted agents for importation? (2) Does adaptive evolution following introductions play an important role in biological control? (3) Do introductions of biological control agents impose bottlenecks in population size that reduce genetic variation, and is reduced genetic variation associated with low fitness and poor performance? (4) How great is the risk of evolution of host range of biological control agents? (5) What is the risk of target pests evolving resistance to biological control agents? If pests evolve increased resistance, will biological control agents evolve mechanisms to overcome that resistance? Here, we review the four fundamental processes of microevolution, and discuss how they interact in the context of biological control. We discuss our current state of knowledge regarding the outstanding questions, highlight the types of experiments that can address them, and suggest ways to use microevolution to define risks, and enhance efficacy and safety of biological control.
Synthesis and characterization of two novel mixed metal tellurates: KGaTeO5·H2O and K3GaTe2O8(OH)2·H2O

Single crystals of KGaTeO5·H2O and K3GaTe2O8(OH)2·H2O have been synthesized by supercritical hydrothermal techniques using Te(OH)6, Ga2O3 and KOH as reagents, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Ion-exchange studies revealed KGaTeO5·H2O, with its open-framework structure, is capable of exchanging both smaller (Na+) and larger (Rb+) ions. In addition, higher thermal stability and reversible hydration properties were observed for KGaTeO5·H2O.
A Model Protocol for Emergency Medical Services Management of Asthma Exacerbations

Emergency medical services (EMS) is an important part of the continuum of asthma management. The magnitude of the EMS responsibility is very large, with millions of patients with asthma treated each year by EMS personnel. In response to inconsistencies between the 1997 National Asthma Education andPrevention Program asthma guidelines anda variety of existing EMS protocols on the management of asthma exacerbations, the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention convened a workgroup in 2004 to discuss the various opportunities andchallenges ahead. At the meeting, andover the ensuing year, the workgroup created a model protocol that was derived from the National Asthma Education andPrevention Program guidelines. The model protocol is available in both text andalgorithm format andoffers guidance for EMS systems to develop andimplement treatment protocols in their local areas. The workgroup recommendations emphasize flexibility, simplicity, andlow-risk practices. By integrating these recommendations into existi...
Understanding the Social Costs of Narcissism: The Case of the Tragedy of the Commons

Two studies examined narcissism and behavior in a commons dilemma. Study 1 used a four-person, laboratory-based task and Study 2 used a dyadic task. Participants were told that they represented one of four (Study 1) or two (Study 2) forestry companies and then were asked to harvest timber from a renewable forest. Narcissism was found to be positively related to acquisitive goals and harvesting more timber in the initial round. The more narcissists harvesting in the competitive group of four (Study 1) or dyad (Study 2), the less timber was harvested overall and the more rapidly the forest was depleted. Within competitive groups and dyads, however, narcissists harvested more than the nonnarcissists competing with them. In all, narcissism provided a benefit to the self, but at a long-term cost to other individuals and to the commons.
Changes in histochemical distribution of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy

We have investigated the changes in immunolocalization of a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle and at the time of implantation in early pregnancy. A monoclonal antibody prepared against syndecan, a cell surface HSPG from mouse mammary epithelium (gift of Dr. M. Bernfield), was reacted with unfixed and fixed frozen sections of uteri from normally cycling, 3.5 and 4.5 days pregnant, and estradiol-treated immature and ovariectomized mature mice. A polyclonal antibody prepared against basal lamina HSPG from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor cells (gift of Dr. John Hassell) was used as a positive control. The latter showed no variation during the estrous cycle or early pregnancy. Localization of syndecan in uterine epithelium changed from basolateral to predominantly basal as the cycle progressed from metestrus toward estrus. A similar pattern was seen in immature and ovariectomized mature females that had received estradiol injections. With the onset of pregnancy, the basolateral localization became progressively less intense from 3.5 days through 4.5 days of pregnancy. Thus, cell surface HSPG distribution is modulated by hormonally dependent changes in cycling and pregnant mice, supporting previous suggestions that early pregnancy in mice is accompanied by a turnover and rearrangement of uterine epithelial cell surface.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
Early Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from the Higgins Local Fauna of Lipscomb County, Texas

Snake fossils from the early Hemphillian Higgins local fauna of Lipscomb County, Texas, include Charina prebottae Brattstrom, Paleoheterodon tiheni Holman, Miocoluber dalquesti gen. et sp. nov. Col...
Vacancy Chains Provide Aggregate Benefits To Coenobita clypeatus Hermit Crabs

Vacancy chain theory describes a unique mechanism for the sequential distribution of animal resources across multiple individuals. This theory applies to any resources, such as shelters or nest sites, that are discrete, reusable, and limited in use to single individuals or groups at one time. Hermit crabs rely on gastropod shells for shelter, and a single vacant shell can initiate a chain of sequential shell switches that distributes new resources across many individuals. Using the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus, we examined the previously untested theoretical prediction that this process will yield trickle-down resource benefits to vacancy chain participants (aggregate benefits). In laboratory experiments, we measured improvements in shell quality when a single vacant shell was provided to groups of eight crabs. We found that crabs participating in vacancy chains (averaging 3.2 individuals) gained significant reductions in their shell crowding. In addition, vacancy chains terminated early when experimental groups included a single crab occupying a damaged shell, because damaged vacancies always remained unoccupied. Hermit crabs in damaged shells were more likely to win resource contests for high quality shells against size-matched hermit crabs in crowded shells. Finally, field additions of many new shells to an island population of C. clypeatus hermit crabs reduced average shell crowding for crabs of all sizes, possibly from propagation of benefits through vacancy chains. These results provide empirical support for the theoretical prediction that vacancy chains should provide benefits distributed across many vacancy chain participants. Since shelter-based vacancy chains likely occur in other animals, additional studies of vacancy chain processes should provide new insights into resource acquisition behaviors in diverse animal groups.
Event-related potential evidence for frontal cortex effects of chronic cocaine dependence

We examined the effects of cocaine dependence and cocaine and alcohol codependence on the P3A event-related potential component. Ten chronic cocaine-dependent subjects, 10 chronic cocaine and alcohol codependent subjects, and 20 controls were studied in an auditory paradigm that included target, nontarget, and novel rare nontarget conditions. Substancedependent subjects were abstinent from cocaine and/or alcohol for 2–6 weeks. Eighteen of these subjects (4 chronic cocaine-dependent subjects, 4 chronic cocaine/alcohol codependent subjects, and 10 normal controls) were also studied in an analogous visual paradigm. In the auditory modality, the latency of the P3A response in the novel rare nontarget condition was delayed and its amplitude was reduced in both substance-dependent samples compared to controls. Comparable results were found for the smaller samples studied in the visual modality. These results suggest that chronic cocaine dependence produces deficits in frontal cortex functions.
A Critical Role for CD8 T Cells in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Tuberculosis

The role of CD8 T cells in anti-tuberculosis immunity in humans remains unknown, and studies of CD8 T cell–mediated protection against tuberculosis in mice have yielded controversial results. Unlike mice, humans and nonhuman primates share a number of important features of the immune system that relate directly to the specificity and functions of CD8 T cells, such as the expression of group 1 CD1 proteins that are capable of presenting Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids antigens and the cytotoxic/bactericidal protein granulysin. Employing a more relevant nonhuman primate model of human tuberculosis, we examined the contribution of BCG- or M. tuberculosis-elicited CD8 T cells to vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. CD8 depletion compromised BCG vaccine-induced immune control of M. tuberculosis replication in the vaccinated rhesus macaques. Depletion of CD8 T cells in BCG-vaccinated rhesus macaques led to a significant decrease in the vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. Consistently, depletion of CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques that had been previously infected with M. tuberculosis and cured by antibiotic therapy also resulted in a loss of anti-tuberculosis immunity upon M. tuberculosis re-infection. The current study demonstrates a major role for CD8 T cells in anti-tuberculosis immunity, and supports the view that CD8 T cells should be included in strategies for development of new tuberculosis vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
Patterning amorphous fluoropolymer films by reactive ion milling

Amorphous fluoropolymer films have low dielectric constants and high chemical resistance and, so, have potential to be used as the insulator for high speed interconnects and as protection layers. Many applications would require high resolution patterning of the fluoropolymer film. We have found that these films are easily etched by reactive ion beam etching using an O2/Ar gas mixture. High etching rates of 600 nm/min with a 0.2 mA/cm-2,500 eV ion beam were obtained. This technique allows good selectivity with typical underlayers such as Si, Au, and photoresist. We have also found that a short Arion milling of the fluoropolymer surface allows good wettability of the film by photoresist.
Oxygen increases ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cytosolic calcium via release of calcium from inositol triphosphate-sensitive stores.

In utero, blood shunts away from the lungs via the ductus arteriosus (DA) and the foramen ovale. After birth, the DA closes concomitant with increased oxygen tension. The present experimental serie...
Compression-induced high strain rate void collapse, tensile cracking, and recrystallization in ductile single and polycrystals

Abstract A series of dynamic compression experiments were performed on single-crystal and polycrystal copper specimens, as well as on mild steel (AISI 1018 steel) and pure iron, containing pre-existing cavities, using the split Hopkinson compression bar. It is found that void collapse occurring under purely compressive axial loading leads to tensile cracking (presumably upon unloading). Microcracks are nucleated at intersections of slip planes, growing along slip lines as well as in the general direction normal to the applied compression. The resistance to void collapse in loading and the extent of fracturing in unloading increase with increasing overall nominal rate of compressive loading. For pure copper single crystals, recrystallization occurs when the strains and strain rates are sufficiently high. Tensile cracks are then observed to grow into the newly formed crystal grains.
Anticonvulsant drug effects on spontaneous thalamocortical rhythms in vitro: Ethosuximide, trimethadione, and dimethadione

Abstract Spontaneous generalized epileptiform discharges were elicitedin rodent thalamocortical slices by perfusion with a medium containing no added Mg 2+ . In multiple-channel extracellular field potential recordings in thalamus and cortex, several distinct types of discharges were recorded, with two principal variants bearing marked similarity to spike-wave and generalized tonic-clonic seizure discharges recorded in patients with generalized seizure disorders. These discharges were termed sTBCs and cTBCs, respectively, for simple and complex thalamocortical burst complexes. The sensitivity of these discharges to the generalized absence anticonvulsants ethosuximide, trimethadione and dimethadione (the active metabolite of trimethadione) was studied. sTBCs were reduced or blocked by ethosuximide and dimethadione, when these drugs were applied in clinically relevant concentrations. The order of effectiveness of these agents was dimethadione ⩾ ethosuximide⪢ trimethadione. This paralleled the relative efficacy of these drugs in blocking T current in thalamic neurons. cTBCs were unaffected or exacerbated by these drugs. Structural control drugs including succinimide, the behaviorally inactive ring base of ethosuximide, and α, α-dimethyl-β-methylsuccinimide, a convulsant succinimide, were inactive or exacerbated either sTBCs or cTBCs, respectively. These spontaneous generalized thalamocortical discharges in rodent thalamocortical slices may represent a potentially valuable in vitro model of generalized seizure discharges, with marked pharmacological and physiological similarities to various forms of clinical epileptic seizure activity.
The Technical Setup

In this chapter, we want to make the idea explained in chapter 24 more precise in an explicit technical sense. Of course, this must rely on a concrete model of performance, one which is much more explicit than the generic setup for statistics, although statistics are a very strong argument for the construction of analytical rationales built upon weights and operators. We refer to figure 25.1 for the following discussion.
Dairy Cattle Production System in Central Zone of Tigray: in The Case of Aksum and Adwa

The purpose of this study was to explore the management practices of dairy cattle production in Central Zone of Tigray. A total of 160 dairy cattle holding households were selected by systematic random sampling technique. The study employed multiple methods of data analysis including descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, T-test and qualitative analysis. Majority of the urban dairy farmers depend on hay, crop residues and concentrates for feeding their dairy cattle. Whereas, the peri-urban dairy farmers rely on dry and green roughages but less on concentrate feeds. In the urban areas, pipe water was the most common water source for the dairy cattle whereas, in the peri-urban areas, the use of river was very high. Significantly (P<0.05) better watering frequency was observed in urban than peri-urban areas. Access to veterinary services was significantly (P<0.05) better in urban areas than the peri-urban areas. About 44% of the peri-urban dairy farmers trek their dairy cattle more than 6km in searching veterinary services. Waste management was relatively problematic in urban areas (36.25%) as compared to the peri-urban areas (13.75%). There is also promising urban-peri-urban linkage in dairy product and by-product supply. Therefore, an appropriate feeding, watering, health management, housing and manure utilization could be the management options to improve the existing problems.
PERIODONTAL DISEASE, ACCESSORY CANALS AND PULP PATHOSIS.

The pulp and periodontal tissues too frequently have been regarded as independent and apart. Teeth, partially or completely devoid of supporting bone, may be more susceptible to pulp disease. Excessive mobility of such teeth may result in stenosis and/or tearing of apical vessels. Direct bacterial invasion through auxiliary or apical canals exposed by periodontal disease occurs. This anatomicopathologic mechanism may explain certain cases of so-called "idiopathic" pulpitis or other cases attributed to anachoresis. Mitchell 1 2 described pulpitis in an apparently healthy lower first bicuspid. After extraction, an auxiliary pulp canal with a foramen on the root surface only four millimeters below the cemento-enamel junction was seen as the point of pulp exposure after gingival recession. Starkey13 reported a similar case involving a deciduous molar in which an accessory canal near the cemento-enamel junction was shown to be the source of pulpal infection.
Discrete Spaces. Nonmeasurable Cardinals

We have seen many times that the discrete space N is real-compact. More generally, according to 8.18, every discrete space whose cardinal is ≦ c is realcompact. The question arises whether all discrete spaces are realcompact. Since, among discrete spaces, the cardinal is the only significant variable, this is, in fact, a question about cardinal numbers.
Role of renal sympathetic nerves in response of the ovine fetus to volume expansion

To investigate the role of renal sympathetic nerves in the fetal response to hypervolemia, studies were carried out in conscious, chronically instrumented fetal sheep aged 137-142 days of gestation. Bilateral renal denervation (n = 9) or sham surgery (n = 8) was carried out under halothane anesthesia 3-6 days before experiments. Bilateral renal denervation did not alter basal fetal renal hemodynamics, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or Na+ excretion. Volume expansion with 6% Dextran 70 (18 ml/kg) was associated with a fall in fetal hematocrit, a sustained increase in mean arterial blood pressure, and a sustained diuresis and natriuresis. There was no significant change in GFR during fetal hypervolemia from control levels of 4.51 +/- 0.74 ml/min (intact) and 4.43 +/- 0.43 ml/min (denervated). Atrial natriuretic factor increased from 144 +/- 34 to 464 +/- 134 pg/ml, and plasma renin activity decreased from 5.15 +/- 1.7 to 3.04 +/- 1.0 ng.ml-1.h-1 in intact animals, within 30 min of completion of the dextran infusion. Similar changes occurred in denervated fetuses. Plasma aldosterone levels remained constant in intact and denervated fetuses during hypervolemia at control levels of 40.8 +/- 5.4 and 59.3 +/- 8.4 pg/ml, respectively. These findings suggest that renal sympathetic nerves do not influence basal renal hemodynamics or function and do not appear to play an important role in the natriuretic response to volume expansion during fetal life. This can be explained by a low tonic renal nerve activity before birth.
DISLOCATION OF THE HEAD OF THE RADIUS ASSOCIATED WITH FRACTURE OF THE UPPER END OF THE ULNA IN CHILDREN

I. Five cases of dislocation of the head of the radius associated with fracture of the upper end of the ulna in children are reported. It is important that fractures of the upper end of the ulna, especially those with some varus deformity in children, should arouse suspicion of the possible co-existence of a dislocation of the head of the radius. 2. The association of the injury to the elbow with a fracture of the lower end of the radius and ulna in three of our cases indicates the necessity for keeping in mind the possibility of this combination. 3. Closed reduction seems to be the best method of treatment. 4. Our five cases were seen during a period ofonly three years. We therefore believe that this injury is not as unusual as appears from the literature.
Coaching boys’ high school teams: Female coaches’ experiences and perceptions

Research has suggested that a minimal number of females serve as head coaches of male teams around the world. When they do coach males, female coaches have reported having difficulty establishing credibility, being one of the only female coaches, and feeling unsupported by administrators. The current study used open-ended responses and interview data to understand the experiences and perceptions of females coaching males at the U.S. high school level, as well as addresses the perceived barriers that may prohibit females from coaching boys. In general, the female coaches interviewed felt more support from their athletic administrators, parents, and other coaches than in previous research. The female coaches stated they enjoyed coaching boys, yet they believed they needed to be physically competent in order to prove themselves while coaching a boys’ team. They also described struggling to be respected and often felt they needed to employ masculine characteristics in order to be successful. These details pro...
Conversion of reactance motives into effortful goal pursuit: Implications of Brehm’s theory of motivation intensity.

Abstract. As originally formulated, Brehm’s theory of psychological reactance posited two manifestations of reactance, (1) an increased desire to exercise the threaten freedom, and (2) an increased tendency to exercise that freedom. The theory included no statement about what determines the intensity of reactant striving, although many have assumed that striving intensity should be proportional to the magnitude of reactance, that is, the strength of the reactance motive. Conceptual links between Brehm’s reactance theory and his later theory of motivation intensity have rarely been made. However, the motivation intensity theory in fact has important implications for how reactance motives should convert into effortful goal pursuit. This article identifies central motivation intensity theory implications and discusses in summary a body of evidence that bears them out, albeit indirectly. The broad indication is that reactance should increase the willingness to deploy effort in the interest of restoring or con...
Mössbauer Study of Graphite-Containing Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Graphite-doped hematite and magnetite nanoparticles systems (~50 nm) were prepared by mechanochemical activation for milling times ranging from 2 to 12 hours. Their structural and magnetic properties were studied by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. The spectra corresponding to the hematite milled samples were analyzed by considering two sextets, corresponding to the incorporation of carbon atoms into the iron oxide structure. For ball-milling time of 12 hours a quadrupole split doublet has been added, representing the contribution of ultrafine particles. The Mossbauer spectra of graphite-doped magnetite were resolved considering a sextet and a magnetic hyperfine field distribution, corresponding to the tetrahedral and octahedral sublattices of magnetite, respectively. A quadrupole split doublet was incorporated in the fitting of the 12-hour milled sample. The recoilless fraction for all samples was determined using our previously developed dual absorber method. It was found that the recoilless fraction of the graphite-doped hematite nanoparticles decreases as function of ball-milling time. The f factor of graphite-containing magnetite nanoparticles for the tetrahedral sites stays constant, while that of the octahedral sublattice decreases as function of ball-milling time. These findings reinforce the idea that carbon atoms exhibit preference for the octahedral sites of magnetite.
Lateral-deformation gage for rock-mechanics testing

Lateral-deformation measurements are important in rock-mechanics testing, both for providing material-behavior information and for acting as a control variable in servo-controlled experiments designed to obtain post-failure stress-strain curves. A gage for making these measurements must be compact, have a large linear range, and for tests on anisotropic rock, be able to monitor a discrete sample diameter. A gage which employs a strain-gaged sensing disk is described which meets all of these requirements.
A CASE OF SMALL ADVANCED RECTAL CANCER 9mm IN SIZE WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASIS

A 55-year-old woman was seen at the hospital because her stools were positive for occult blood at medical checkup. Barium enema study revealed a polyp about 10mm in diameter in the rectosigmoid. Colonoscopy demonstrated a 9× 7mm sessile poly with central depression at the same portion and a polypectomy was carried out. Since histological examination of the polypectomy specimen showed adenocarcinoma with positive polypectomized stump, high anterior resection was performed. Resected specimen revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma which remained in the colonic wall and invaded the subserosal layer with vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. Eleven cases of small advanced colorectal cancer under 10mm in size have been reported in Japan including our case. We should take a careful attitude to apply the polypectomy for small colorectal lesions.
Clinical Potential of Light-Activated Tissue Crosslinking

Photocrosslinking can alter biomechanical and biological properties of tissue and close surgical wounds. This contribution focuses on potential clinical applications in vascular surgery and plastic surgery.
Proximal migration of hardware in patients undergoing midcarpal fusion with headless compression screws.

Background Scaphoid excision and limited intercarpal fusion is a common surgical procedure performed for degenerative disorders of the wrist including scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist deformities. Postoperative screw migration is a rare but devastating complication that can result in severe degenerative changes in the radiocarpal joint. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study is to report on a series of patients who developed proximal migration of their hardware following limited intercarpal fusions with headless compression screws. Patients and Methods Four patients were identified between 2001 and 2012 who were indicated for and underwent scaphoid excision and midcarpal fusions with headless compression screw fixation and subsequently developed hardware migration with screw protrusion into the radiocarpal joint. Detailed chart review was performed. Results Mean age at surgery was 64 years (57–69 years). All patients had the diagnosis of SLAC wrist. Mean time to detection of failure was 6 months (4–8 months). All patients demonstrated radiographic union prior to failure based on plain films. Radiographs revealed screw backout with erosion of the radial lunate facet in all patients. Calculated carpal height ratios demonstrated a drop from an average 44.2% to 39.5% at the time of hardware migration. All four patients underwent hardware removal. One patient was not indicated for any further surgery, and two patients underwent further revision surgery. All three patients reported complete pain relief. One patient refused a salvage procedure and had subsequent persistent pain. Conclusions This study reports a serious complication of scaphoid excision and midcarpal fusion performed with headless compression screws. We advise surgeons to be aware of this potential complication and consider employing methods to reduce the risk of hardware migration. Additionally, we recommend at least 8 months of clinical and radiographic follow-up postoperatively to enable early intervention if necessary. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study.
The Gothic / the Poetic in Post-industry and “Slow Cinema”:the Image of Ruins in CAI Ming-liang's Stray Dogs

Taking CAI Ming- liang's Stray Dogs as a case study,this essay explores the aesthetics and cultural connections between the "slow cinema"and urban "ruins"in terms of space( such as,the city,architecture,natural landscape etc.),and the overlap between the body and the image to analyze the complex interaction between"presentation"and "representation",the visible and invisible,the substantial / material and the spiritual or virtual,and the thing and being. The plight of the marginal and the unprivileged usually was concealed and forgotten,while the glamorous life of the privileged was promoted and admired. Stray Dogs deliberately stressed the rebellion against the urban planning with the "ruins"that got weakened because of the characters' lassitude. "Slow cinema"anyhow has become an important media to preserve the urban "slow ruins. "
Using Hospital Inpatient Discharge Data to Supplement Active Surveillance for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Is the Extract Worth the Exertion?

OBJECTIVE Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance systems monitor morbidity, mortality, and vaccine impact; accurate surveillance is important to detect changes in epidemiology. We evaluated completeness of IPD reporting in New Mexico by comparing data from the Hospital Inpatient Discharge Database (HIDD) and the New Mexico Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) program. METHODS We linked data from the HIDD and the ABCs program. We defined cases of IPD in the HIDD among New Mexico residents with hospitalizations during 2007-2009 as specific (320.1 or 038.2) or nonspecific (481, 320.2, or 041.2) using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. To validate if HIDD records that could not be matched to ABCs data were true IPD cases, we reviewed laboratory data and determined if Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) had been isolated from a sterile body site. RESULTS We examined 732 HIDD records for cases that were not matched in the ABCs database; of such records, S. pneumoniae was isolated from a sterile body site in 10 HIDD records. CONCLUSION ABCs data detected the majority of IPD cases in New Mexico. Laboratory and medical record review is essential when using HIDD data because ICD-9-CM coding alone does not ensure data accuracy. The addition of IPD cases to the ABCs program from the HIDD was minimally beneficial to active surveillance and reporting completeness in New Mexico. States that rely exclusively on passive reporting and that have access to HIDD data might use linkages of pneumococcal and IPD-specific ICD-9-CM-coded HIDD data to improve IPD surveillance and case ascertainment.
Measurement of the field of binocular single vision in the evaluation of incomitant paralytic strabismus.

(1974). Measurement of the Field of Binocular Single Vision in the Evaluation of Incomitant Paralytic Strabismus. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 77-82.
Ecological and evolutionary physiology of heat shock proteins and the stress response in Drosophila: Complementary insights from genetic engineering and natural variation

Classical adaptational and genetic engineering approaches offer complementary insights to understanding biological variation: the former elucidates the origins, magnitude and ecological context of natural variation, while the latter establishes which genes can underlie natural variation. Studies of the stress or heat shock response in Drosophila illustrate this point. At the cellular level, heat shock proteins (Hsps) function as molecular chaperones, minimizing aggregation of peptides in non-native conformations. To understand the adaptive significance of Hsps, we have characterized thermal stress that Drosophila experience in nature, which can be substantial. We used these findings to design ecologically relevant experiments with engineered Drosophila strains generated by unequal site-specific homologous recombination; these strains differ in hsp70 copy number but share sites of transgene integration. hsp70 copy number markedly affects Hsp70 levels in intact Drosophila and strains with extra hsp70 copies exhibit corresponding differences in inducible thermotolerance and reactivation of a key enzyme after thermal stress. Elevated Hsp70 levels, however, are not without penalty; these levels retard growth and increase mortality. Transgenic variation in hsp70 copy number has counterparts in nature: isofemale lines from nature vary significantly in Hsp70 expression, and this variation is also correlated with both inducible thermotolerance and mortality in the absence of stress.
The Medicinal Chemistry of Echinacea Species

Extensive scientific research on Echinacea species revealed that the bioactive components most likely responsible for the immunostimulatory activities of Echinacea were alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides. Three species, namely Echinacea purpurea, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, are predominantly used in herbal supplement preparations. Also, different plant parts are shown to have different amounts of the bioactive components. In addition, the phytochemistry, quality control based analysis of bioactive constituents, as well as addressing the safety concerns related to Echinacea herbal supplement preparations are discussed.
Networked Life: What makes CDMA work for my smartphone?

A Short Answer Take a look at your iPhone, Android phone, or a smartphone running on some other operating system. It embodies a remarkable story of technology innovations. The rise of wireless networks, the Internet, and the web over the last five decades, coupled with advances in chip design, touchscreen material, battery packaging, software systems, business models… led to this amazing device you are holding in your hand. It symbolizes our age of networked life. These phones have become the mobile, lightweight, smart centers of focus in our lives. They are used not just for voice calls, but also for data applications : texting, emailing, browsing the web, streaming videos, downloading books, uploading photos, playing games, or video-conferencing friends. The throughputs of these applications are measured in bits per second (bps). These data fly through a cellular network and the Internet . The cellular network in turn consists of the radio air-interface and the core network. We focus on the air-interface part in this chapter, and turn to the cellular core network in Chapter 19. Terrestrial wireless communication started back in the 1940s, and cellular networks have gone through generations of evolution since the 1970s, moving into what we hear as 4G these days. Back in the 1980s, some estimated that there would be 1 million cellular users in the USA by 2000. That turned out to be one of those way-off under-estimates that did not even get close to the actual impact of networking technologies.
GISAXS Analysis for Ionomer Thin Films

Author(s): Dudenas, P; Kusoglu, A; Hexemer, A; Weber, A | Abstract: An overview of GISAXS analysis for ionomer thin films is presented. Experimental procedures to prepare and measure thin films using GISAXS is described. Typical features of ionomer scattering images are discussed before detailing three different types of analysis which can be used in conjunction with one another to elucidate additional information from scattering patterns. Example data are provided to illustrate these techniques.
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues Are Not Required for the Induction of GVHD Following Allogeneic BMT: A Shifting Paradigm for T Cell Allo-Activation.

Allogeneic (allo) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only curative option for many patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the major complication of allo-BMT and limits the utility of this treatment strategy. The induction of GVHD fundamentally depends upon the activation of donor T cells by host antigen presenting cells (APCs), and the prevailing hypothesis is that these critical interactions occur in secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes (LN) Peyer’s patches (PP), and spleen (SP). We tested this hypothesis by using a well established, MHC disparate, murine SCT system (Balb/c → B6) and homozygous aly/aly (alymphoplasia) mice that are deficient in all LN and PP and heterozygous aly/+ littermate controls. Lethally irradiated, splenectomized, aly/aly mice (LN/PP/SP −/ −) and aly/+ sham mice (LN/PP/SP +/+) received BMT either from syngeneic (aly/aly) or allo (Balb/c) donors. In some experiments, wild-type B6 recipients of B6 or Balb/c BMT served as additional negative and positive GVHD controls respectively. The severity of GVHD was assessed by survival and well-described scoring systems of both clinical and target organ disease. As expected, greater than 95% of syngeneic (syn) BMT recipients survived and were indistinguishable from naive, un-transplanted controls, whereas LN/PP/SP +/+ mice receiving allo-BMT showed significant signs of GVHD with ~40% mortality by day 49. All LN/PP/SP −/ − allo-BMT recipients also survived, but surprisingly, examination demonstrated that they too developed significant clinical GVHD compared to syn controls (score: 3.2 vs. 0.85) that was comparable in severity to LN/PP/SP +/+ mice (3.1). Moreover, histopathologic analysis demonstrated that LN/PP/SP −/ − allo-BMT recipients developed significantly greater GVHD target tissue damage in the liver, intestinal tract and skin compared to syn controls. In fact, LN/PP/SP −/ − allo-BMT recipients developed more severe hepatic GVHD compared to allo littermate (LN/PP/SP +/+) controls (30.8±1.9 vs. 20.7±2.2; p
Nonstandard analysis and its applications

In this paper, we briefly introduce the foundation of nonstandard analysis and its applications to other fields of mathematics, especially to combinatorial number theory. The foundation part includes the basic knowledge of mathematical logic, the construction of nonstandard structures, and some principles and properties commonly used in nonstandard analysis. The application part includes theorems on the existence of strong solutions for some stochastic differential equations, solution to the Hilberts fifth problem for local groups, exact law of large numbers and its applications to mathematical economics, and sumset phenomenon, Plunnecke type inequalities for densities, and Freimans inverse problems in combinatorial number theory.
Musculoskeletal manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can be associated with a variety of musculoskeletal complaints, which occasionally can be the leading or presenting manifestation. In this paper, we describe the musculoskeletal manifestations observed in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Medical record reviews of a select population of 74 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are seen in a rheumatology practice. Bone manifestations included back pain in 11 patients (15.2 %), generalized bone pain in 7 patients (9.7 %), rib cage/chest pain in 6 (8.3 %), pseudoclubbing in 3, and a giant cell tumor of the mandible in 2 (2.3 %) patients. Articular manifestations such as chondrocalcinosis with or without apatite deposition disease were seen in 13 (17.7 %), arthralgias in 11 (15.2 %), and non-specific synovitis in 7 (9.7 %). Muscle weakness was observed in six patients (8.3 %) and myalgias in three (4.6 %). Less common manifestations such as Achilles tendon rupture, Jaccoud-like arthropathy, sacral insufficiency fracture, arthritis associated with fever of unknown origin (FUO), meningitis, cervical cord compression, and persistent headache were observed in single patients. Musculoskeletal findings are still a frequent and important presentation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism seen in rheumatology practice. Some of these manifestations can be quite unusual and may represent diagnostic dilemmas to the practicing rheumatologist and/or endocrinologist.
Neuropeptides in the Cerebellum

To truly understand cerebellar function, it is essential to address the effect of the numerous peptides present within cerebellar circuits and the role they play in modulating neuronal activity in the cerebellum. To date, at least 22 neuropeptides have been identified in the cerebellum. However, relatively little is conclusively known about the modulatory role of the vast majority of these peptides. The potential role of three peptides is reviewed. Future research should focus on defining transduction pathways activated following binding of these peptides to their G-protein-coupled receptors, defining the function of peptides produced by cerebellar neurons such as Purkinje cells or Golgi cells, and describing how neuropeptides modulate cerebellar nuclear neurons, which represent the output of the cerebellum.
Globalization through interfirm cooperation: technological anchors and temporal nature of alliances across geographical boundaries

Anchored on theory of technological innovation and structural theory, and using a comprehensive dataset of US–centred global alliances for 1985–1990, the paper shows the overwhelming influence of technological intensity in the formation of interfirm alliances. This evidence enormously strengthens the open system version of the theory of technological innovation. The paper also shows that globalization manifested through cross–national alliances has become fairly stable at all levels of technological intensity. However, industry variances in globalization, where they exist, can be explained by comparative advantages of regions. The observation that domestic and foreign alliances change in tandem has serious implication for policy makers. Interfirm Cooperation at home and abroad needs to be simultaneously negotiated.
Capelli-Rédei Theorem, Solvable Quintics, and Finite Fields

SummaryA situation analogous to the classic casus irreducibilis exists in the context of irreducible cubic polynomials over finite fields if it is required that solvability by radicals means solvability by irreducible radicals. In this paper we extend this analogy to irreducible quintics over finite fields by use of the Capelli–Redei theorem.
Hydrology and soil magnetic susceptibility as predictors of planted tree survival in a restored floodplain forest

Flooding in floodplain forests is an important abiotic constraint on tree recruitment, as well as on planted tree survival and growth in restorations. Nevertheless, trees are often planted in floodplain restorations without regard to a site’s hydrologic context, resulting in poor survival. There is a need for improved tools for identifying critical abiotic factors that control tree growth and mortality at reforestation sites. We planted 400 bareroot tree seedlings of four commonly planted species in plots along five 100-m transects along a hydrologic gradient in a recently restored wetland to determine the effect of hydrology on planted tree survival. We evaluated the effect of exposure to flooding on survival and growth for two growing seasons. We also evaluated the use of soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) as a proxy for soil drainage and predictor of tree survival and growth. Soil MS is easily measured and mainly reflects the concentrations of ferrimagnetic minerals, which can dissolve with iron reduction in poorly drained soils. In the first year, the overall survival rate of the planted seedlings was 61%. By the end of the study period, survival had declined to 25%. Of the four species planted, Quercus bicolor survived best, followed by Quercus palustris and Carya illinoensis. No Juglans nigra seedlings survived to the end of the study. Duration of inundation and species identity were important predictors of growth and survival; as duration of inundation increased, height growth and probability of survival for each species decreased. Soil MS was not strongly correlated with either flood duration or elevation and was not an effective predictor of tree survival at this site, but might be a useful tool to guide planting in areas with a more pronounced hydrologic gradient. This research can help provide higher precision tree planting in accordance with species’ natural distribution across soil moisture gradients, ultimately leading to greater planting success in restorations.
Stone-Tool Use in Wild Monkeys: Implications for the Study of the Body-Plus-Tool System

Handheld tools transform the actor's body into a body-plus-tool system such that the fit of the actor's body, the tool, and the task demand channel movement in action. In this study, we performed a...
Long-term longitudinal monitoring of chemotherapy response using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging using an improved two-layer Monte Carlo based inverse model (Conference Presentation)

Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) is a Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) technique that is well suited for preclinical functional imaging. Recently, we have shown that SFDI can successfully be used for longitudinal monitoring of a prostate subcutaneous tumor xenograft, where we have applied a look-up-table (LUT) based approach to extract tissue absorption (μa) and scattering properties (μs’). This LUT assumes a semi-infinite homogeneous medium and simulates reflectance (Rd) in spatial domain, and scales Rd for all μa and μs’ of interest from a single Monte Carlo simulation. However, converting Rd to spatial frequency domain (SFD) and scaling for μs’ may introduces unacceptable errors. Most importantly, the homogeneous model fails to mimic the actual physiology of a subcutaneous tumor, which can be described as a two-layer medium with a thin skin layer above the tumor layer. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a Monte Carlo based two-layer LUT with a wide range of tumor (bottom) layer optical properties, and fixed skin (top) properties. The two-layer LUT will be validated by two-layer silicone phantoms and tested for sensitivity to inaccurate layer assumptions. Additionally, the homogeneous and two-layer LUTs will be used on a large mouse tumor database (n=54 mice monitored over 3 months) to identify how the two-layer LUT can improve accuracy of SFDI by more accurately reflecting in vivo physiology, and reducing discretization and scaling errors. Improved SFDI findings in small animals, in the long run, will help establish clinical DOI tools for early detection of chemotherapy efficacy during treatment.