cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost-efficient Use of Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: A “Piggyback” Method for Analysis of Gabapentin

Mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography (GC/MS) is a powerful analytical tool combining analytical sensitivity and specificity. Its successful application to toxicology and in-born error testing is well known. In the current healthcare environment, clinical laboratories must identify means to reduce costs and improve productivity, including workstation consolidation (1) . This applies equally well to the utilization of specialized tools such as GC/MS, and the ability to maximize the productivity of a GC/MS set-up should enhance its economic value to the laboratory. We have had in use in our laboratory a GC/MS method for the measurement of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in plasma, based on solid phase anion-exchange extraction, derivatization with cyclohexanol, and separation with quantification using GC/MS (2) . Gabapentin (Neurontin) is a relatively new antiepileptic drug with a structure similar to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid but containing a 6-carbon ring in place of the central methylene group of γ-aminobutyric acid (3)(4)(5) . Efficacy studies have reported patient serum gabapentin concentrations of 0.5–10.0 mg/L (3) . Gabapentin concentrations in serum have been measured using HPLC, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis (6)(7)(8)(9) . Because both gabapentin and MMA are relatively small molecular weight organic acids, …
A manufacturer distribution issue: how to manage an online and a traditional retailer

The Internet’s popularity and success have shaped new relationships in B2B market. The use of dual channels becomes a widespread practice and new challenges face channel members. We assess the benefit of two coordinating mechanisms namely the whole-channel price and the quantity discount when a manufacturer sells his product through a traditional and an online store and uses a single wholesale price for both retailers. Then, we extend the analysis to two-wholesale pricing scenario. Our model suggests that product compatibility to the web is a key factor impacting the decision to coordinate the channel or not and which coordination mechanism to use. We found also that the whole channel is always better-off when coordination is implemented though channel members have different positions with regards to such decision. Hence, a profit-sharing mechanism is required to satisfy all members. Finally, we analyze the effect of varying channel substitutability on channel members’ profitability.
An interpretive history of challenges to neoclassical microeconomics and how they have fared

Contemporary microeconomics has witnessed a resurgence of behavioral, institutional, and evolutionary critiques of the neoclassical mainstream that came to dominate the field during the 1980s. Today�s critiques and proposals for reform have a long tradition in economics. While synthesizing the intellectual history of these challenges, this article explores the reasons why such critical strands of microeconomics fared poorly in the past, and�in contrast�what factors may account for their partial acceptance into the mainstream in recent times.
Inductive skin depth measurements in the heavy electron metal UPt3

Abstract Using a resonant LC circuit we have measured the inductive skin depth in the radio-frequency range in both the normal and superconducting states of the heavy electron metal UPt3. When the rf magnetic field is parallel to the a-axis a T4 power law is observed. A similar temperature dependence is obtained for the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis. This is in contradiction with the T2 dependence observed in dc penetration depth experiments. Thus significant nonzero frequency effects which mask the anisotropy of penetration of ac magnetic fields exist in UPt3. We also report measurements of the normal skin depth, δN which for large external magnetic fields, H parallel to the a-axis exhibits a minimum with a strong upturn at the lowest temperatures. No such minimum is observed for H parallel to the c-axis.
Spectra of the ν1 and ν3 bands of water molecules in helium droplets

Abstract Depletion spectra of the ν 1 and ν 3 ro-vibrational bands of water molecules embedded in He droplets have been studied in the range of ν = 3600–3900 cm −1 . The effective rotational constant of water in helium ( B He + C He )/2 was found to be about 3% smaller than that of free H 2 O. Vibrational relaxation time of the ν 3 state in He was estimated from the laser power saturation dependence of the depletion signal to be about or longer than 7 × 10 −9 s. Rotational relaxation time of different levels in the ν 1 and ν 3 states was estimated from the line widths to be about 2 × 10 −12 s. Fast rotational relaxation was ascribed to the creation of short wavelength roton collective excitations in the He droplets.
Plasma rest frame distributions of suprathermal ions in the earth's foreshock region

The paper presents rest frame ion distributions computed from three-dimensional observations of upstream suprathermal ions made by the University of Iowa Quadrispherical Lepedea on ISEE-1. The observations are for a single inbound midmorning pass starting upstream from the ion foreshock and continuing across the quasi-spherical bow shock into the magnetosheath. The crossing of the ion foreshock boundary is marked by a several-minute burst of ions of temperature 100-200 eV moving along the IMF away from the bow shock at 500 km/s relative to the solar wind. The observation of these reflected ions is followed by an extended interval of diffuse ions of temperatures 2-3 keV flowing at about 250 km/s relative to the solar wind and persisting until the bow shock is crossed. Both types of suprathermal ions constitute roughly 2% of the total ion density and carry a parallel heat flux of 0.01 ergs/sq cm-s.
An algorithm using reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) measurement in screening adolescents for iron deficiency.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether the use of an algorithm including reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr), a new hematologic parameter, in addition to the screening complete blood count (CBC), improves detection of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in healthy adolescents. Methods After initiation of an algorithm using CHr in addition to CBC results for identifying iron-deficient patients in a primary care hospital-based adolescent clinic, we reviewed results of all hematological tests performed in the clinic during an 8-month period. Electronic medical records were screened for health status and inclusion criteria. We determined the number of patients with low hematocrit values, low mean cell volume (MCV), and low CHr. To evaluate the impact of the protocol, we calculated the percentage of cases in which the CHr results suggested a management plan different from that which would have been formulated using the CBC results only. Results A total of 381 patients (mean age 16.8 ± 3.1 years) were included in the study. Anemia was diagnosed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines in 63 patients (16.5%), low MCV in 170 patients (44.6%), and a low CHr in 80 (21%) patients. In 68% of anemia cases, a normal CHr suggested that iron deficiency was not the cause of the anemia. Although low MCV values were found in 38 (60.4%) of all anemic cases, mean MCV was significantly ( p Conclusions The use of an algorithm including CHr to screen for iron deficiency anemia may increase the accuracy of diagnosis, enabling early detection and treatment of iron deficiency in adolescents without the need for additional costly iron studies.
How far does ‘societal security’ travel? Securitization in South African immigration policies:

Responding to political developments in Europe during the 1990s, the Copenhagen School drew on speech act theory to argue that state leaders represent certain issues, including immigration, as exis...
Modeling of rf MEMS switches

The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch offers many benefits in radio frequency (RF) applications. These benefits include low insertion loss, high quality factor (Q), low power, RF isolation, and low cost. The ability to manufacture mechanical switches on a chip with electronics can lead to higher functionality, such as single-chip arrays, and smart switches. The MEMS switch is also used as a building block in devices such as phase shifters, filters, and switchable antenna elements. The MEMS designer needs models of these basic elements in order to incorporate them into their applications. The objective of this effort is to develop lumped element models for MEMS RF switches, which are incorporated into a CAD software. Tanner Research Inc.'s Electronic Design Automation (EDA) software is being used to develop a suite of mixed-signal RF switch models. The suite will include switches made from cantilever beams and fixed-fixed beams. The switches may be actuated by electrostatic, piezoelectric or electromagnetic forces. The effort presented in this paper concentrates on switches actuated by electrostatic forces. The lumped element models use a current-force electrical-mechanical analogy. Finite element modeling and device testing will be used to verify the Tanner models. The effects of materials, geometries, temperature, fringing fields, and mounting geometries are considered.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Risk of Atrophy in Kidneys With Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Risk of atrophy in kidneys with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for renal atrophy among kidneys with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Participants with at least one ARAS were followed prospectively with duplex scans performed every six months. Renal atrophy was defined as a reduction in renal length of greater than 1 cm. A total of 204 kidneys in 122 subjects were followed for a mean of 33 months. The two-year cumulative incidence (CI) of renal atrophy was 5.5%, 11.7%, and 20.8% in kidneys with a baseline renal artery disease classification of normal, , 60% stenosis, and $ 60% stenosis, respectively (P 5 0.009, log rank test). Other baseline factors associated with a high risk of renal atrophy included a systolic blood pressure . 180 mm Hg (2-year CI 5 35%, P 5 0.01), a renal artery peak systolic velocity . 400 cm/second (2-year CI 5 32%, P 5 0.02), and a renal cortical end diastolic velocity # 5 cm/second (2-year CI 5 29%, P 5 0.046). The number of kidneys demonstrating atrophy per participant was correlated with elevations in the serum creatinine concentration (P 5 0.03). In patients with ARAS, there is a significant risk of renal atrophy among kidneys exposed to elevated systolic blood pressure and among those with high-grade ARAS and low renal cortical blood flow velocity as assessed by renal duplex scanning. The occurrence of renal atrophy is well-correlated with changes in the serum creatinine concentration.
Motion estimation based on spatio-temporal correlations and pixel decimation

The full search block-matching algorithm is the simplest, but computationally very intensive approach. In recent years there was substantial progress in block motion estimation algorithms. Important milestones on this path were such algorithms as two-dimensional logarithmic search, three-step search, four step search, and diamond search. All these methods try to minimize the amount of search points applying sum of absolute differences (SAD) or equivalent metrics for each point. There were some works that studied partial SAD (PSAD) but mostly concentrated on a constant decimation factor. What we tried to study in this work is the performance of one of the best block matching search algorithms in combination with adaptive PSAD as a matching metric. The idea is that we use original motion estimation based on spatio-temporal correlation method, but instead of using SAD as a matching metric we use PSAD with adaptively chosen decimation factor. Our simulation results show that for high motion sequences PSNR degradation between full search and the proposed method was around 0.1-0.7 dB. The computational complexity reduction of 650-1700 times (compared with the full search) and 9 times (compared to the original method) is pretty big and may be well worth this video quality decrease. In the case of more static sequences PSNR degradation between full search and the original motion estimation method was around 0 dB. When we compare the original method with the proposed one the degradation increases to 0.1 dB. The computational complexity reduction was around 1600-1700 times (compared with the full search) and 5-7 times (compared to the original method).
Laminar origins and terminations of cortical connections of the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey.

Summary Cortical connections within the occipital lobe (areas 17, 18 and 19) of the rhesus monkey are investigated with the autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase procedures. Two efferent systems, each with a specific laminar organization, are observed. (1) Rostrally directed connections, from area 17 to 18, area 18 to 19, and area 19 to the inferotemporal region (area TE), originate from neurons in layer IIIc (and, in area 19, from a small complement of neurons in layer Va), and terminate in and around layer IV. (2) In contrast, connections in the reverse direction (‘caudally directed’ connections), from area TE to 19, area 19 to 18, and area 18 to 17, originate from neurons in layers Vb, VI and, to a lesser extent, IIIa, and terminate mainly in connections are observed. Intrinsic connections within areas 18 and 19 originate from neurons in layers IIIc and, to a lesser extent, Va, and terminate in vertical bands in layers I to IV. Callosal connections from areas 18, 19, and the caudal inferotemporal region originate from neurons mainly in layer IIIc. From areas 18 and 19, these callosal connections terminate in vertical bands in layers I through IV. Thus, different cortical projection systems are characterized by specific laminar distributions of efferent terminations as well as of their neurons of origin.
Depletion of tuberoinfundibular dopamine does not restore gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized hyperprolactinemic rats.

Summary The effect of depleting tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) on gonadotropin secretion was studied in rats made hyperprolactinemic by implantation of the prolactin and growth hormone secreting Furth MtTW15 tumor. Implants of the pituitary tumor prevented gonadotropin release in response to castration. Daily injection of 100 mg dl-alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine/kg bw which reduced TIDA levels in tumor bearing rats more than 90% did not restore gonadotropin release. It seems likely that the increased activity of the TIDA system does not mediate the suppression of gonadotropins during chronic hyperprolactinemia.
An educational intervention on drug interactions and contraceptive options for epilepsy patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Objective This pilot study investigates whether an educational handout could increase short-term information retention about drug interactions between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and hormonal contraceptives among female epilepsy patients of reproductive age.
An elementary logic circuit employing superconducting Josephson tunneling gates

The design and experimental investigation of a simple logic circuit employing Josephson tunnel junctions as the switching elements is described. The design utilized matched transmission lines as signal carriers. The physical layout was simulated on a computer with a model consisting of 3 Josephson gates and 28 transmission line segments. Results of both quasi-static and high speed testing were found to be in essential agreement with theoretical expectations; only dynamic results are presented here in detail. The experimental circuit had gates with 165 ps risetimes, and in the high speed investigation, was operated with bursts of 700 ps risetime pulses tightly spaced so as to simulate a repetition rate of ∼1 GHz.
Can Technology Assist Teen Smokers to “Kick the Habit”?

Technology may provide avenues to actively engage teen smokers in cessation programs while health care providers support them through the process. EACH DAY, APPROXIMATELY 3,450 U.S. teens will try their first cigarette; of these teens, 850 will become daily smokers (U.S. Federal Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2010). Results of a Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 1994) study revealed that 93% of adults smoked their first cigarette in their teenage years. Ninety-one percent of adults who started smoking in their teens became daily smokers by the age of 20 years. According to survey data from the CDC (2010), a long-term decline in smoking rates among U.S. high school students has leveled off. Thus, the Healthy People (2010) goal to reduce teen smoking to less than 16% was not achieved (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Today, teen smoking continues to be a public health concern because it impacts not only teens but also the long-term smoking habits of adults. The impetus for health care professionals to develop smoking cessation programs specifically tailored to teens has longterm health benefits. The use of technology has been suggested as one approach to help teen smokers “kick the habit.” This article will explore the use of technology to aid teens in smoking cessation.
2,4-Diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine analogues of trimethoprim as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.

Three previously unreported (R,S)-2,4-diamino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)alkyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidines 15a−c were synthesized as analogues of trimethoprim (TMP) and were tested as ...
Effect of eszopiclone on sleep, fatigue, and pain in patients with mucositis associated with hematologic malignancies

Purpose Patients with malignancy sometimes develop painful mucositis and require patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to treat their pain. Pain disrupts sleep and there is some evidence that analgesic medications also disrupt sleep. This study examined whether treatment with the sedative hypnotic eszopiclone could improve self-reports of sleep, fatigue, and pain as well as decrease opioid self-administered via PCA.
Material Matters Increasing Emotional Engagement in Learning

Organizational scholars and neuroscientists suggest that when people are more emotionally engaged, they learn more effectively. Clinical art therapists suggest that the experience as well as the ex...
Anharmonic effects on Ag(111): a molecular dynamics study

Abstract We have explored the structure and dynamics of Ag(111) in the temperature range 300–1100 K, using molecular dynamics simulations and interaction potentials from the embedded atom method. Calculated shifts in the surface phonon frequencies, the broadening of their line-widths, and the variations in the mean square vibrational amplitudes of surface atoms, with temperature, indicate that anharmonic effects are small up to 900 K, beyond which there is an enhancement. Thermal expansion is found to be about the same as in the bulk, and the surface does not disorder until 1100 K and does not premelt.
Possible names: The role of syntax-semantics mappings in the acquisition of nominals

Abstract Many scholars have posited constraints on how children construe the meaning of new words. These include the restriction that new words refer to kinds of whole objects (Markman and Hutchinson 1984), that words describing solid objects refer to individual objects while words describing non-solid substances refer to portions of substance (Soja et al. 1991), and that count nouns that name objects are generalized on the basis of shape (Landau et al. 1988). There are theoretical and empirical problems with these proposals, however. Most importantly, they fail to explain the fact that children rapidly acquire words that violate these contraints, such as pronouns and proper names, names for substances, and names for non-material entities. The theory defended here is that children and adults possess mappings from grammatical categories (‘count noun’, ‘mass noun’, and ‘noun phrase’) to abstract semantic categories; these mappings serve to constrain inferences about word meaning. Evidence from developmental psychology and linguistic theory is presented that suggests that even very young children possess such mappings and use them in the course of lexical development. Further issues — such as the possibility of developmental change, the precise nature of these semantic categories, and how children learn words prior to the acquisition of syntax — are also discussed. It is concluded that although these syntax-semantics mappings are not by themselves sufficient to explain children's success at word learning, they play a crucial role in lexical development. As such, only a theory that posits a deep relationship between syntax and semantics can explain the acquisition and representation of word meanings.
Synthetic Stratigraphy with a Stochastic Diffusion Model of Fluvial Sedimentation

ABSTRACT Models of stratigraphic completeness and bed formation in fluvial depositional environments have most often assumed that successive depositional and erosional events deposit or erode amounts of sediment independently. This results in a random-walk model for the total amount of deposited sediment locally as a function of time. We consider an extension of the random-walk model of sedimentation in an alluvial plain in which deposition or erosion is concentrated in randomly avulsing channels and sediment transport is modeled by the diffusion equation (Culling's model). In contrast to the random-walk model, this model results in an anticorrelated sequence locally as a function of time, i.e., after an area has aggraded it has a higher elevation and a lower rate of future aggradation. In a p evious paper we analyzed the topography generated by the model and argued that porosity variations could be associated with topographic variations. The power spectrum S (the square of the coefficients in a Fourier series) of one-dimensional transects of topography and porosity horizontally and vertically in this model have a power-law dependence on wave number k: S(k) k-s, with values of s close to those observed. In this paper we show that the model deposits sediment with a rate depending on time interval as a power law with exponent -3/4, more consistent with observations than the random-walk model. The model produces an exponential bed-thickness distribution with a skew depen ent on the sedimentation rate of the basin in accordance with observations. We also examine the persistence in the series of bed thicknesses as a function of depth. For the stochastic diffusion model of sedimentation no persistence is observed. If the model fully characterizes the autocyclic dynamics in fluvial sedimentary basins, the lack of persistence in the synthetic bed sequences suggests that observed persistence and cyclicity in real bed-thickness sequences must be the result of allocyclic processes.
SKA observations of the cosmic web

Abstract The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will be the first telescope capable of directly mapping the full extent of the cosmic web that characterizes the large scale structure of the Universe. The approach highlighted here is to map the cosmic web via the detection of diffuse synchrotron emission associated with the growth of the large scale structure in the local Universe. As matter collapses onto the filaments of the web it will be shock accelerated to extremely high energies. In the presence of even extremely weak magnetic fields these accelerated particles will emit large scale, diffuse synchrotron emission. The tremendous sensitivity of the SKA over a wide field and at low frequencies will allow us to fully map the cosmic web in the local Universe.
THE EFFECT OF IMPACT VELOCITY ON THE COALESCENCE OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE DROPS AT A PLANAR TETRACHLOROETHYLENE-WATER INTERFACE

The effect of the impact velocity of 0.25 cm diameter tetrachloroethylene drops on coalescence at a planar tetrachloroethylene-water interface was studied for velocities from 3 to 80 cm/s to determine whether or not there was a critical velocity above which drops coalesced rapidly. At velocities less than 25 cm/s the drops coalesced slowly following impact without losing contact with the interface. At intermediate velocities the drops rebounded from the surface following impact and then settled back down to the interface where they coalesced slowly. At velocities greater than 40 cm/s the drops generally passed through the interface without coalescing. These subsurface drops remained beneath the interface until coalescence occurred. Rapid coalescence of the type that has been observed for mercury drops at planar mercury-liquid interfaces did not occur.
Utility of cluster analysis in classification of mixed neuropsychiatric patients.

Abstract This study examines the hypothesis that reliable neuropsychologically-based subgroups can be found in a mixed neuropsychiatrie patient sample (N = 600) and that the subtype membership will be associated with external diagnostic and case history variables. A modified Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery was employed. The sample was randomly divided into two groups of 300 each. Results show three reliable cluster analytically-based groups that differ as a function of level, but not pattern of performance. External validation failed to show the cluster groups to be significantly related to any of the neurodiagnostic or case history variables, except that the severely impaired group had a greater prepon-derance of organic diagnoses and a longer history of hospitalisation. Caution is warranted in using configural analysis of standard neuropsychological test batteries in an effort to identify subtypes in a mixed neuropsychiatric patient population.
Are genes faster than crabs? Mitochondrial introgression exceeds larval dispersal during population expansion of the invasive crab Carcinus maenas

Biological invasions offer unique opportunities to investigate evolutionary dynamics at the peripheries of expanding populations. Here, we examine genetic patterns associated with admixture between two distinct invasive lineages of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas L., independently introduced to the northwest Atlantic. Previous investigations based on mitochondrial DNA sequences demonstrated that larval dispersal driven by advective currents could explain observed southward displacement of an admixture zone between the two invasions. Comparison of published mitochondrial results with new nuclear data from nine microsatellite loci, however, reveals striking discordance in their introgression patterns. Specifically, introgression of mitochondrial genomes relative to nuclear background suggests that demographic processes such as sex-biased reproductive dynamics and population size imbalances—and not solely larval dispersal—play an important role in driving the evolution of the genetic cline. In particular, the unpredicted introgression of mitochondrial alleles against the direction of mean larval dispersal in the region is consistent with recent models invoking similar demographic processes to explain movements of genes into invading populations. These observations have important implications for understanding historical shifts in C. maenas range limits, and more generally for inferences of larval dispersal based on genetic data.
Curves and surfaces in computer vision

Curves and surfaces play a key role in computer vision. In this paper, some of the concepts and developments highlighting this role are described.
Analysis on Abnormal Rejects Discharge of a Medium Speed Pulverizer

A series of abnormal phenomena emerging in normal operation conditions of the medium speed pulverizers in a 600 MW unit are introduced. The effects of the primary air (PA) mass flow and nozzle ring passage area on the pulverizer rejects (PRs) discharge are analyzed. The results indicate that the root cause of all these abnormal phenomena is the lower nozzle PA velocity led by the narrowed nozzle passage area during the nozzle ring reformation. The problem is solved by changing the nozzle ring back to the original one. The experiences in this document can provide evidence and reference for pulverizer operation adjustment and PA nozzle ring reformation design.
Changes in blood pressure and dipsogenic responsiveness to angiotensin II during chronic exposure of rats to cold.

Abstract Hypertension accompanies chronic exposure of rats to cold (5–6°C). Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures become elevated, and hypertrophy of the heart occurs. A previous study from this laboratory suggested that the renin-angiotensin system may play a role. The present study was carried out to assess this further. Thus, in addition to measurement of systolic blood pressure at intervals during exposure to cold, plasma renin activity and the dipsogenic responsiveness to acute administration of angiotensin II were also measured to assess the functional status of the renin-angiotensin system. The results showed a significant ( p p p p
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Since the completion of the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been undertaken to uncover associations between genetic variants and human diseases and traits. GWAS research is a step forward in biomedical research, and this article provides an overview of the history, study design, and significant achievements in the field. In addition, this article presents an annotated bibliography of reliable, core research resources including data repositories, research institutes, consortia, analytical tools, and bioethical issues related to GWAS, which can serve as a reference for librarians, graduate students, and scientific researchers who are interested in this research area.
Abstract 4966: BORIS binding to the promoters of cancer testes antigens, MageA2 and MageA3, causes transcriptional activation of these genes in lung cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC BORIS or CTCFL (Brother of the regulator of imprinted sites) is an 11 zinc-finger transcription factor that is involved in epigenetic gene regulation. Boris is normally expressed only in the testes but is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. In the present study, we wanted to study the role of BORIS in the regulation of the cancer testes antigens (CTA) MageA2 and MageA3 in lung cancer. CTAs are also normally expressed in the testes but are upregulated in a variety of cancers like lung, bladder and liver cancers and melanomas. We first investigated the in vivo binding of BORIS to the promoter regions of MageA2 and MageA3 by chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP). We found that BORIS was enriched at the promoter regions of these genes in H1299, a lung cancer cell line, compared to the normal lung cell line, NHBE (normal human bronchial epithelial). Interestingly, we found that these genes have high expression in H1299 cell line which is also a high expressor of BORIS. On the other hand, they have very low or no expression in NHBE cells which are also very low BORIS expressors. When BORIS was knocked down in H1299 cells, the expression of these genes was reduced by 25-30%. We then used Luciferase reporter assay to see if MageA2 and MageA3 promoters were activated by BORIS. When BORIS was expressed in the non-expressing cell line NHBE, the activity of the promoters was increased as determined by the luciferase activity. Upon knock-down of BORIS in H1299 cells, the activity of the MageA2 and MageA3 promoters reduced significantly. We further investigated if BORIS binding changes the pattern of histone modification at these promoters. We found that BORIS binding at these promoters in H1299 cells correlates with the enrichment of acetylated H3K9, a modification that is involved in opening up chromatin regions. In the absence of BORIS binding in NHBE cells, methylated H3K9, which is involved with more closed chromatin conformation, is enriched at these sites. These data suggest that BORIS is a positive regulator of the cancer testes antigens and may be a key effector involved in their derepression in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4966.
Auditory stimulus-induced changes in immediate-early gene expression related to an inborn perceptual predisposition

Auditory-induced expression of the immediate-early gene ZENK was examined in 18 brain areas of domestic chicken and Japanese quail subjects with no previous exposure to parental vocalizations. After one 30-min exposure (~120 calls) within 24 h of hatching to either the chicken or quail maternal call, paired subjects from each species showed significantly more intense levels of ZENK staining to conspecific (own species) calls. Single brain areas did not show consistent, large differences in ZENK expression across all subject pairs. Instead, a majority of brain areas exhibited a small conspecific stimulus-induced staining advantage in each species. The species differed in the quantitative distribution of ZENK responses among brain areas; qualitative patterns of call-induced staining exhibited both similarities and differences. The results suggest shared neural correlates and potential developmental/evolutionary differences in congenital brain responses to biologically significant auditory stimuli in naive individuals of the two species.
A NEW SPECIES OF BLACK OAK (QUERCUS, SUBG. ERYTHROBALANUS, FAGACEAE) FROM THE SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL, MEXICO

Quercus mcvaughii is described as a new species of black oak (subgenus Erythrobalanus) from the Sierra Madre Occidental, in northern Durango and western Chihuahua, Mexico. It is most closely related to the more southern Q. crassifolia. Sessile or subsessile hairs, usually of different sizes, on the abaxial leaf surface distinguish Q. mcvaughii from Q. crassifolia, where hairs are similar in size and conspicuously stipitate. A key is provided for distinguishing similar species in the region. Intergradation of Q. mcvaughii with Q. crassifolia, Q. hypoleucoides, and Q. sideroxyla is reported.
Connections between surface fluxes and the deep circulation in the Sea of Japan

[1] The extent to which seasonably variable surface fluxes and bottom friction can exert a control on the abyssal circulation above localized bottom topography is analyzed in the Japan Sea region through the use of a three-dimensional eddy-resolving ocean model. Our simulations show that the bottom friction exerts a first-order control on the magnitude of the eddy-driven deep circulation over f/H geostrophic contours, which is inversely dependent on the bottom drag, in accordance with theory. Seasonal surface flux variability acts as a modifier to this theory, depending on the timescale of active forcing relative to bottom friction spin-down time. Possible physical mechanisms for a varying bottom drag coefficient are proposed. Winter ventilation of isopycnals during deep convection is followed by enhanced drain energy to small-scale turbulence and strong energy dissipation in intermediate layers leading to a weakening of deep circulation that contradicts the classic ventilation theory.
Sodium Hyaluronate and Tissue Adhesive in Treating Corneal Perforations

The injection of sodium hyaluronate through perforation sites prior to tissue adhesive application has extended the current use of this modality to large perforations and perforations in which intraocular tissue is incarcerated. Three clinical cases are described in which the conjoint therapy was used, and four monkey eyes were studied clinically and histopathologically to test for adverse drug interactions.
Effects of Leading- and Trailing-Edge Gurney Flaps on a Delta Wing

An experimental wind-tunnel investigation is undertaken to determine the effects of Gurney e aps on a 70-deg planar delta wing. Both upper- and lower-surface leading-edge, as well as trailing-edge e aps are investigated. Results are presented comprising force balance, on- and off-surface e ow visualization as well as e owe eld surveys. The data indicate that the lower surface leading-edge e aps increase the maximum lift coefe cient and poststall lifting ability. Thetrailing-edgeGurney e ap shifts the zero-liftangle of attack negative, thereby increasing lift for a givenangleofattack,and also increasesthemaximumand poststallliftcoefe cient.Both ofthesee apcone gurations improve the wing efe ciency at moderate to high lift coefe cients. The devices do not greatly affect the longitudinal stability of the wing, although the trailing-edge e ap generates an increase in nose-down pitching moment. The lower-surface leading-edge e ap causes a moderate delay in the onset and progression of vortex breakdown over the wing. Upper surface leading-edge e aps degrade performance.
Quetiapine Attenuates Levodopa-Induced Motor Complications in Rodent and Primate Parkinsonian Models

The contribution of serotoninergic mechanisms to motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical observations increasingly suggest that drugs able to block serotonin 5HT2A/C receptors can benefit patients with certain extrapyramidal movement disorders. To further explore the roles of these and other neurotransmitter receptors in the pathogenesis of parkinsonian signs and levodopa-induced dyskinesias; we evaluated the effects of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic with 5HT2A/C and D2/3 antagonistic activity, on motor behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and MPTP-lesioned nonhuman primates. In hemiparkinsonian rats, quetiapine (5 mg/kg, po) reversed the shortened motor response to levodopa challenge produced by 3 weeks of twice-daily levodopa treatment (P < 0.01). Quetiapine (5 mg/kg po) also normalized the shortened response to the acute injection of either a dopamine D1 receptor agonist (SKF 38392) or a D2 agonist (quinpirole) in rats that had received chronic levodopa treatment. Quetiapine had no effect on parkinsonian dysfunction when given alone or with levodopa to parkinsonian rats and monkeys. Quetiapine (4 mg/kg, po) did, however, substantially reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias when coadministered with levodopa (P < 0.05). These results suggest that quetiapine could confer therapeutic benefits to patients with levodopa-induced motor complications. Moreover, our findings may indicate that 5HT2A/C receptor-mediated mechanisms, alone or in combination with other mechanisms, contribute to the pathogenesis of the altered motor responses associated with the treatment of PD.
Participants and refusers in a telephone interview about hormone replacement therapy were equally likely to be taking it.

Abstract Objective To address a major concern in pharmacoepidemiology studies related to whether the characteristics of responders are different from those who refuse to participate. Study design and setting We compared utilization of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women who agreed to participate in a telephone interview on HRT utilization and in women who refused to participate in the telephone interview. Information on HRT utilization among responders and refusers was independently available to us from a claims database (the Healthcare Management Alternatives, HMA, in Philadelphia), showing drugs dispensed to these patients. Results Out of a random sample of 213 women selected from the claims database whom we contacted, 154 (72.3%) women agreed to participate and 59 (32.7%) women refused. Among the 154 women who agreed to participate, 79 (51.3%, 95% CI: 43.1–59.4%) were shown by the database to have been dispensed an HRT during the 15-month period January 1995 through March 1996. Among the 59 women who refused to participate, 30 (50.8%, 95% CI: 37.5–64.1%) were shown by the database to have been dispensed an HRT during the same period. Conclusion Thus, we have evidence that use of HRT was almost identical in responders and nonresponders.
A note on the 1-maximal elements problem

Consider a set of S points in the plane. A point p in S is said to be k-maximal if exactly k elements in S dominate p. We propose a very simple, cost-optimal, EREW algorithm to solve the 1-maximal elements problem in the plane.
The Taylor map on complex path groups

Let W(G) denote the path group of an arbitrary complex connected Lie group. The existence of a heat kernel measure νt on W(G) has been shown in [M. Cecil, B.K. Driver, Heat kernel measure on loop and path groups, preprint, http://www.math.uconn.edu/~cecil/papers/p2.pdf; Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top., submitted for publication]. The present work establishes an isometric map, the Taylor map, from the space of L2(νt)-holomorphic functions on W(G) to a subspace of the dual of the universal enveloping algebra of Lie(H(G)), where H(G) is the Lie subgroup of finite energy paths. This map is shown to be surjective in the case where G is a simply connected graded Lie group.
Health-care Provider Compassionate Love and Women's Infertility Stressors

The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between doctor compassionate love and treatment, relational, and psychological stressors, as well as to identify effective health-care provider compassionate messages. Participants were 233 women who had been treated for infertility in the past 12 months. Doctor compassionate love was directly associated with positive affect during treatment, perceived treatment stress, and self-esteem. Additionally, perceived treatment stress mediated the relationship between doctor compassionate love and social and marital stress, as well as self-esteem and depression. Participants identified five categories of memorable compassionate messages sent by health-care providers, including offering hope, privileging the patient ahead of the self, practicing patient-centeredness, empathizing, and nonverbally communicating. Messages that constituted privileging the patient ahead of the self and nonverbally communicating were significantly more compassionate than thos...
Microstructural Characterization of Ti-6Al-4V Metal Chips by Focused Ion Beam and Transmission Electron Microscopy

During machining, the cutting surface of a metal is subjected to high strain rates and temperatures. Due to the small mass of the formed chip, the metal is rapidly quenched, preserving the as-machined microstructure. These extreme conditions are reported to be favorable to form nanograin or ultrafine-grain microstructures. However, detailed investigation of this region is problematic due to the size of the chips and the difficulty in preserving the cutting surface microstructure during traditional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) preparation. This study investigates the use of focused ion beam (FIB) specimen preparation to preserve and TEM to image the microstructure of the secondary deformation zone (SDZ) at the cutting surface in chips of Ti-6Al-4V formed during machining. Use of the FIB allowed precise extraction of a side or transverse view specimen, which preserved the cutting surface to reveal an inhomogeneous microstructure resulting from the nonuniform distribution of strain, strain rate, and temperature. Initial imaging of a conventional TEM foil prepared from the plan view of the cutting surface revealed microstructures ranging from heavily textured to regions of fine grains. Using FIB preparation of a transverse foil, a layered microstructure was observed revealing a variation of fine grains near the cutting surface, which transitioned to coarse grains toward the free surface. At the cutting surface, a 10-nm-thick recrystallized layer was observed capping a 20-nm-thick amorphous layer.
After‐Tax Bond Yields When Tax and Coupon Payments Are Not Simultaneous

Typical after-tax bond yield-to-maturity calculations do not accurately reflect the timing of tax payments for the cash basis tax payer. The best of the methods gives reasonable yield estimates when the first coupon payment date is around May 15. As payment dates vary from May 15, bond values are affected by tax deferrals relating solely to the non-simultaneity of coupon interest and tax payments. These valuation effects, which are not measured by conventional bond models, can be significant, as demonstrated by model simulation and empirical tests which show that the bond market does price the coupon timing tax deferrals predicted by the model.
Quantum theories and geometric topology: A chapter in physical mathematics

In recent years, the interaction between geometric topology and classical and quantum field theories has attracted a great deal of attention from both the mathematicians and physicists. We discuss some topics from low-dimensional topology where this has led to new viewpoints as well as new results. They include categorification of knot polynomials and a special case of the gauge theory to string theory correspondence in the Euclidean version of the theories, where exact results are available. We show how the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariant in SU(n) Chern–Simons theory on S3 is related via conifold transition to the all-genus generating function of the topological string amplitudes on a Calabi–Yau manifold. This result can be thought of as an interpretation of TQFT as topological quantum gravity (TQG). After a brief discussion of Perelman's work on the geometrization conjecture and its relation to gravity, we comment on some recent work on black hole radiation and its relation to mock moonshine.
Blocking GABA-A receptors in the medial septum enhances hippocampal acetylcholine release and behavior in a rat model of diencephalic amnesia

Abstract Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), a form of diencephalic amnesia caused by thiamine deficiency, results in severe anterograde memory loss. Pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD), an animal model of WKS, produces cholinergic abnormalities including decreased functional hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) release and poor spatial memory. Increasing hippocampal ACh levels has increased performance in PTD animals. Intraseptal bicuculline (GABA A antagonist) augments hippocampal ACh release in normal animals and we found it (0.50 μg/μl and 0.75 μg/μl) also increased in-vivo hippocampal ACh release in PTD animals. However, the 0.75 μg/μl dose produced a greater change in hippocampal ACh release in control animals. The 0.50 μg/μl dose of bicuculline was then selected to determine if it could enhance spontaneous alternation performance in PTD animals. This dose of bicuculline significantly increased hippocampal ACh levels above baseline in both PTD and control rats and resulted in complete behavioral recovery in PTD animals, without altering performance in control rats. This suggests that balancing ACh–GABA interactions in the septohippocampal circuit may be an effective therapeutic approach in certain amnestic syndromes.
The Balinese Cockfight Decoded: Reflections on Geertz, the Strong Program and Structuralism

The essay by Geertz on the Balinese cockfight is by far his most famous and influential piece of work. Why? Using resources from the Russian formalism of the early 20th century, the article uncover...