cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal examination of interactions between autism symptom severity and parenting behaviors in predicting change in child behavior problems

Abstract Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit behavior problems, with more severe ASD symptomatology relating to more severe behavior problems. Behavior problems are correlated with parenting behaviors; however, less research has investigated the relations among specific parenting behaviors and change in child behavior problems, particularly among children with ASD. Method This study examined the interactions among Time 1 ASD symptom severity and parenting behaviors (positive and negative) when predicting Time 2 child internalizing and externalizing behaviors (analyzed separately), when accounting for Time 1 child behavior, caregiver distress, caregiver sex, and child age. The sample included 129 caregivers of a child with ASD (ages 4–10 years) who completed two online questionnaires one year apart, which included measures assessing ASD symptom severity, child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and caregiver distress. Results Across two hierarchical multiple regression analyses, Time 1 child behavior, caregiver distress, caregiver sex, and negative parenting predicted unique variance in Time 2 child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. The interactions between ASD symptom severity and negative parenting predicting externalizing behaviors and ASD symptom severity and negative parenting predicting internalizing behaviors were significant. Conclusions Examination of plots of the significant interactions suggested higher levels of negative parenting may exacerbate later behavioral problems and lower levels of negative parenting may protect against later behavioral problems for children with less severe ASD symptoms but not for those with more severe ASD symptoms. Results have implications for interventions targeting parenting practices for children with ASD.
TRC-PAD: Accelerating Recruitment of AD Clinical Trials through Innovative Information Technology

The Trial-Ready Cohort for Preclinical/ Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease (TRC-PAD) Informatics Platform (TRC-PAD IP) was developed to facilitate the efficient selection, recruitment, and assessment of study participants in support of the TRC-PAD program. Describe the innovative architecture, workflows, and components of the TRC-PAD IP. The TRC-PAD IP was conceived as a secure, scalable, multi-tiered information management platform designed to facilitate high-throughput, cost-effective selection, recruitment, and assessment of TRC-PAD study participants and to develop a learning algorithm to select amyloid-bearing participants to participate in trials of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. TRC-PAD participants were evaluated using both web-based and in-person assessments to predict their risk of amyloid biomarker abnormalities and eligibility for preclinical and prodromal clinical trials. Participant data were integrated across multiple stages to inform the prediction of amyloid biomarker elevation. TRC-PAD participants were age 50 and above, with an interest in participating in Alzheimer’s research. MEASUREMENTS: TRC-PAD participants’ cognitive performance and subjective memory concerns were remotely assessed on a longitudinal basis to predict participant risk of biomarker abnormalities. Those participants determined to be at the highest risk were invited to an in-clinic screening visit for a full battery of clinical and cognitive assessments and amyloid biomarker confirmation using positron emission tomography (PET) or lumbar puncture (LP). The TRC-PAD IP supported growth in recruitment, screening, and enrollment of TRC-PAD participants by leveraging a secure, scalable, cost-effective cloud-based information technology architecture. The TRC-PAD program and its underlying information management infrastructure, TRC-PAD IP, have demonstrated feasibility concerning the program aims. The flexible and modular design of the TRC-PAD IP will accommodate the introduction of emerging diagnostic technologies.
Making sense of the confusing mix of digitalization, pandemics and economics

Abstract In this short essay, we engage in a sensemaking exercise to understand the economic forces at play during the pandemic. Our primary emphasis is on the implications for digitalization as countries and states try to balance economic and health interests.
A 220-to-320-GHz FMCW Radar in 65-nm CMOS Using a Frequency-Comb Architecture

This article presents a CMOS-based, ultra-broadband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar using a terahertz (THz) frequency-comb architecture. The high-parallelism spectral sensing provided by this architecture significantly reduces the bandwidth requirement for the THz front-end circuitry and ensures that the peak output power and sensitivity are maintained across the entire band of operation. The speed and linearity of frequency chirping are also improved by the comb system. An antenna-sharing scheme based on a square-mixer-first architecture is used, which not only leads to compact size but also facilitates the stitching of the multichannel radar IF data. To avoid the usage of high-cost silicon lens in the on-chip broadband radiation, a multi-resonance substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) antenna structure is innovated, which provides 15% fractional bandwidth for impedance matching. As a proof of concept, a five-tone radar prototype that seamlessly scans the entire 220-to-320-GHz band is demonstrated. In the measurement, the multi-channel-aggregated equivalent-isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is 0.6 dBm and is further boosted to ~20 dBm with a TPX (polymethylpentene) lens. The measured minimum single-sideband noise figure (SSB NF) of the receiver, including the antenna loss and baseband amplifier, is 22.8 dB. Due to the comb architecture, the EIRP and NF values fluctuate by only 8.8 and 14.6 dB, respectively, across the 100-GHz bandwidth. The chip has a die size of 5 mm2 and consumes 840 mW of dc power. This work marks the first CMOS demonstration of THz radar and achieves record bandwidth and ranging resolution among all radar front-end chips.
Denitrifying bacteria respond to and shape microscale gradients within particulate matrices

Heterotrophic denitrification enables facultative anaerobes to continue growing even when limited by oxygen (O2) availability. Particles in particular provide physical matrices characterized by reduced O2 permeability even in well-oxygenated bulk conditions, creating microenvironments where microbial denitrifiers may proliferate. Whereas numerical particle models generally describe denitrification as a function of radius, here we provide evidence for heterogeneity of intraparticle denitrification activity due to local interactions within and among microcolonies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and microcolonies act to metabolically shade each other, fostering anaerobic processes just microns from O2-saturated bulk water. Even within well-oxygenated fluid, suboxia and denitrification reproducibly developed and migrated along sharp 10 to 100 µm gradients, driven by the balance of oxidant diffusion and local respiration. Moreover, metabolic differentiation among densely packed cells is dictated by the diffusional supply of O2, leading to distinct bimodality in the distribution of nitrate and nitrite reductase expression. The initial seeding density controls the speed at which anoxia develops, and even particles seeded with few bacteria remain capable of becoming anoxic. Our empirical results capture the dynamics of denitrifier gene expression in direct association with O2 concentrations over microscale physical matrices, providing observations of the co-occurrence and spatial arrangement of aerobic and anaerobic processes. Smriga et al. investigate heterotrophic denitrification in particulate matrices. Their model shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and microcolonies metabolically shade each other, allowing denitrification to occur microns away from O2-saturated bulk water, and simulates microscale effects of a bulk system.
Understanding Domestic Violence from the Perspective of Trinidadian Men

Violence between intimate partners is a global problem that has reached epidemic proportions. On the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, domestic violence incidences are frequent. There is an abundance of data on violence between intimate partners. While there is an undeniable need to attend to the victims of abuse to resolve this type of conflict, there is an urgent need to redirect research attention to explore the perpetrators of the abuse. This chapter aims to examine existing literature and research conducted in Trinidad on the perspectives of Trinidadian men about why men perpetrate domestic violence against women. A review of the literature and findings from the study will, hopefully, provide new information on the causal factors of IPV from the male gender. It is hoped that this will assist in informing the design of prevention intervention initiatives on the islands.
Integrated Magnetics and Magnetoelectrics for Sensing, Power, RF, and Microwave Electronics

As the rapid development of integrated magnetic and magnetoelectric, numerous novel devices including high performance on-chip transformers, inductors, filters, antennas, and sensors with unique advantages in power efficiency, size and tunability, etc. have been demonstrated. In this review, an overview of the development of magnetism and magnetoelectric will be firstly given. The conceptual illustration and materials used in integrated magnetoelectric will then be presented. Selections of on-chip devices from literatures will be shown to exemplify the integrated magnetic and magnetoelectric applications. Finally, the prospect and the direction of the future research will be discussed in the conclusion.
The Internet Is Dead: Long Live the Internet

Social exclusion, data exploitation, surveillance, and economic inequality on the web are mainly technological problems. The current web of centralized social media clouds delivers by design a winner-takes-all digital economy that stifles innovation and exacerbates power asymmetries between citizens, governments, and technology oligopolies. To fix the digital economy, we need a new, decentralized web where citizens are empowered to own their data, participate in disintermediated peer-to-peer marketplaces, and influence policy-making decisions by means of innovative applications of participatory and deliberative democracy. By reimagining “web 3.0” as a cloud commonwealth of networked virtual machines leveraging blockchains and sharing code, it is possible to design new digital business models where all stakeholders and participants, including users, can share the bounty of the Fourth Industrial Revolution fairly.
An Interface Theory for the Internet of Things

This paper uses interface automata to develop an interface theory for a component architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Specifically, it examines an architecture for IoT applications where so-called “accessors” provide an actor-oriented proxy for devices (“things”) and services. Following the principles of actor models, an accessor reacts to input stimuli and produces outputs that can stimulate reactions in other accessors or actors. The paper focuses on a specialized form of actor models where inputs and outputs to accessors and actors are time-stamped events, enabling timing-sensitive IoT applications. The interaction between accessors and actors via time-stamped events forms a “horizontal contract,” formalized in this paper as an interface automaton. The interaction between an accessor and the thing or service for which it is a proxy is a “vertical contract,” also formalized as an interface automaton. Following common practice in network programming, our vertical contract uses an asynchronous atomic callback (AAC) pattern. The formal composition of these interface automata allows us to reason about the combination of a timed actor model and the AAC pattern, enabling careful evaluation of design choices for IoT systems.
On the origins of anticipation as an evolutionary framework: functional systems perspective

This paper discusses the problem of anticipation from an evolutionary and systems-theoretical perspective, developed in the context of Russian/Soviet evolutionary biological and neurophysiological schools in the early and mid-twentieth century. On this background, an outline is given of the epigenetic interpretation of anticipatory capacities formulated and substantiated by the eminent Russian neurophysiologist academician Peter K. Anokhin in the framework of functional systems theory. It is considered that several key positions of this theory are well confirmed by recent evidence on anticipation as an evolutionarily basic adaptive capacity, possibly inherent to the organization of life. In the field of neuroscience, the theory of functional systems may potentially facilitate future studies at the intersection of learning, development and evolution by representing an integrative approach to the problem of anticipation.
Les Manières De Table Dans Le Monde Gréco-Romain: By Robin Nadeau

(2011). Les Manieres De Table Dans Le Monde Greco-Romain: By Robin Nadeau. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 610-613.
Rational Exponents and Roots

Many of the formulas that describe the characteristics of objects in the universe involve roots. When dealing with negative numbers and radicals, the only restriction concerns negative numbers under even roots. One can have negative signs in front of radicals and negative numbers under odd roots and still obtain real numbers. This chapter discusses multiplication, division, factoring, and simplification of some expressions that resemble polynomials but contain rational exponents. Multiplication of expressions that contain radicals is similar to multiplication of polynomials. A radical expression is said to be in simplified form: (1) if there is no factor of the radicand that can be written as a power greater than or equal to the index; (2) if there are no fractions under the radical sign; and (3) if there are no radicals in the denominator. Radical expressions are added and subtracted by using the distributive property to combine similar radicals. Similar radicals are the radicals with the same index and the same radicand. Radical expressions are multiplied in the same way as the polynomials.
Vaginal hysterectomy: is previous pelvic operation a contraindication?

Abstract Vaginal hysterectomy as the procedure of choice following previous abdominal pelvic operation has been evaluated. The source material comprised the case histories of 1,563 patients having vaginal hysterectomy between January, 1961, and January, 1971. Of these, in 942 no previous pelvic procedures had been done, and in 621 there was a history of one or more previous pelvic operations, including 48 abdominal suspensions and 56 cesarean sections. The indications for vaginal hysterectomy and the type of procedures performed were similar in both groups. These two groups were compared in terms of morbidity, major and minor complications, duration of hospitalization, frequency of morcellation, transfusion rate, and the postoperative decrease in hemoglobin. Analysis of these results provides the basis for our conclusion that vaginal hysterectomy is not contraindicated per se after previous abdominal pelvic operations.
A Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Capable of Copying the Full-Length Viral RNA

All of the previously reported recombinant RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), the NS5B enzymes, of hepatitis C virus (HCV) could function only in a primer-dependent and template-nonspecific manner, which is different from the expected properties of the functional viral enzymes in the cells. We have now expressed a recombinant NS5B that is able to synthesize a full-length HCV genome in a template-dependent and primer-independent manner. The kinetics of RNA synthesis showed that this RdRp can initiate RNA synthesis de novo and yield a full-length RNA product of genomic size (9.5 kb), indicating that it did not use the copy-back RNA as a primer. This RdRp was also able to accept heterologous viral RNA templates, including poly(A)- and non-poly(A)-tailed RNA, in a primer-independent manner, but the products in these cases were heterogeneous. The RdRp used some homopolymeric RNA templates only in the presence of a primer. By using the 3′-end 98 nucleotides (nt) of HCV RNA, which is conserved in all genotypes of HCV, as a template, a distinct RNA product was generated. Truncation of 21 nt from the 5′ end or 45 nt from the 3′ end of the 98-nt RNA abolished almost completely its ability to serve as a template. Inclusion of the 3′-end variable sequence region and the U-rich tract upstream of the X region in the template significantly enhanced RNA synthesis. The 3′ end of minus-strand RNA of HCV genome also served as a template, and it required a minimum of 239 nt from the 3′ end. These data defined the cis-acting sequences for HCV RNA synthesis at the 3′ end of HCV RNA in both the plus and minus senses. This is the first recombinant HCV RdRp capable of copying the full-length HCV RNA in the primer-independent manner expected of the functional HCV RNA polymerase.
Age and Diet Affect Gene Expression Profiles in Canine Liver Tissue

Background: The liver plays a central role in nutrient and xenobiotic metabolism, but its functionality declines with age. Senior dogs suffer from many of the chronic hepatic diseases as elderly humans, with age-related alterations in liver function influenced by diet. However, a large-scale molecular analysis of the liver tissue as affected by age and diet has not been reported in dogs. Methodology/Principal Findings: Liver tissue samples were collected from six senior (12-year old) and six young adult (1year old) female beagles fed an animal protein-based diet (APB) or a plant protein-based diet (PPB) for 12 months. Total RNA in the liver tissue was extracted and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChipH Canine Genome Arrays. Using a 2.0-fold cutoff and false discovery rate ,0.10, our results indicated that expression of 234 genes was altered by age, while 137 genes were differentially expressed by diet. Based on functional classification, genes affected by age and/or diet were involved in cellular development, nutrient metabolism, and signal transduction. In general, gene expression suggested that senior dogs had an increased risk of the progression of liver disease and dysfunction, as observed in aged humans and rodents. In particular for aged liver, genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and glycolysis were up-regulated, whereas genes related to regeneration, xenobiotic metabolism, and cholesterol trafficking were down-regulated. Diet-associated changes in gene expression were more common in young adult dogs (33 genes) as compared to senior dogs (3 genes). Conclusion: Our results provide molecular insight pertaining to the aged canine liver and its predisposition to disease and abnormalities. Therefore, our data may aid in future research pertaining to age-associated alterations in hepatic function or identification of potential targets for nutritional management as a means to decrease incidence of age-dependent liver dysfunction.
The professional-patient dialogue.

KIE: Making Health Care Decisions: The Ethical and Legal Implications of Informed Consent in the Patient-Practitioner Relationship, a report of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, is briefly excerpted and reviewed. While finding the report a reasonable document overall, Lasagna criticizes the Commission for avoiding the problem of informed consent by involuntarily institutionalized mentally ill persons and disputes its contention that the human side of health care has deteriorated. He also suggests better patient education as a means to improve informed consent.
Developing Collaborative Parent Teacher Relationships with Culturally Diverse Parents

How to develop effective strategies in promoting collaborative home-school partnerships with parents from culturally diverse backgrounds
Aero-acoustic performance comparison of core engine noise suppressors on NASA quiet engine 'C'

The relative aero-acoustic effectiveness of two core engine suppressors, a contractor-designed suppressor delivered with the Quiet Engine, and a NASA-designed suppressor was evaluated. The NASA suppressor was tested with and without a splitter making a total of three configurations being reported in addition to the baseline hardwall case. The aerodynamic results are presented in terms of tailpipe pressure loss, corrected net thrust, and corrected specific fuel consumption as functions of engine power setting. The acoustic results are divided into duct and far-field acoustic data. The NASA-designed core suppressor did the better job of suppressing aft end noise, but the splitter associated with it caused a significant engine performance penality. The NASA core suppressor without the spltter suppressed most of the core noise without any engine performance penalty.
LUBRICITY INDEX OF MAYONNAISE

The Lubricity Index (LI) is defined as a new parameter to quantitatively evaluate mouthfeel. Rheological data were collected using a helical ribbon mixer viscometer with commercial mayonnaise products. The LI is calculated from changes in apparent viscosity due to temperature and moisture variations that mirror those found in the mouth during mastication. The rate of change in apparent viscosity with moisture and temperature was much lower with a fat free product than regular products resulting in a low LI value. The LI provides a basis for future efforts to understand, and mathematically model, the complicated process of fluid food mastication.
How the West Was Sung: Music in the Westerns of John Ford by Kathryn Kalinak

How the West Was Sung: Music in the Westerns of John Ford Kathryn Kalinak. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Acknowledging reservations regarding auteurism in film criticism, Kathryn Kalinak, professor of English and film studies at Rhode Island College, nevertheless, concludes that legendary film director John Ford was "notorious for collaborating on all aspects of a film's production, including the musical score" (12). Accordingly, Kalinak focuses upon the use of music in the Western films of Ford; an area often neglected in the volumes of Ford scholarship. Eschewing theory, Kalinak relies upon primary research in studio archives and interviews with surviving members of the John Ford stock company to produce this readable and fascinating account of music in Ford's Western cinema. Kalinak asserts that Ford's Westerns were characterized by certain core principles: "music to both mark and bind the community, the privileging of song, and the inclusion of Anglo American folk music, period music, and Protestant hymnody" (101). Interestingly, Kalinak begins her account by concentrating upon the silent Westerns of Ford, notably The Iron Horse (1924) and Three Bad Men (1926) that introduced themes of national identity, manifest destiny, and masculinity central to Ford's later sound Westerns. "Drill, Ye Terriers, Drill" is employed in The Iron Horse to reflect the theme of inclusion for Irish and Italian rail workers, but Chinese and African-American laborers are excluded from this national consensus. Focusing upon the Dakota land rush of 1878, in Three Bad Men, Ford associates music and singing with star George O'Brien, and these qualities fail to compromise the manliness of the athletic O'Brien. For his first sound Western, the 1939 epic Stagecoach, Ford based the film's musical score on folk songs that the director selected more for their contributions to the film's narrative than period authenticity. Music is used to create a sense of community for the inhabitants of the stagecoach, while a sense of "otherness" is provided by Native Americans. Kalinak also perceives themes of nostalgia in My Darling Clementine (1946) and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962). Making almost exclusive use of diegetic music, My Darling Clementine explores the sense of loss associated with civilizing the frontier. Wyatt Earp (Henry Fonda) employs violence to tame Tombstone, but the price for this savagery is that he is unworthy of Clementine (Cathy Downs). Similar themes are pursued in Liberty Valance, which also relies upon a diegetic score and folk songs to promote a sense of loss. But Ford was capable of moving beyond the nostalgia of folk songs. …
Uncertainty on the Use of Aldosterone Antagonists for Primary Therapy for Sudden Cardiac Death in the Setting of Implanted Devices

In the early development of therapy for acute myocardial infarction, it was thought that once the necrotic process had been completed (usually within 24 hours of coronary artery occlusion), additional therapies could not affect outcome. However, after completion of the necrotic process, the myocardial infarction may thin and stretch (involving lengthwise slippage of myocytes), a phenomenon referred to as myocardial infarct expansion. This process causes local left ventricular cavity dilatation followed by gradual global left ventricular dilatation and lengthwise (eccentric) hypertrophy of the noninfarcted tissue. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) and some attempt of the myocardium to regenerate, especially at the infarct border zone, may also contribute to this remodeling process of the ventricle. If the left ventricle remodels in such a way that it becomes very dilated, then the prognosis is poor, and heart failure is more likely to occur.1 These later processes of myocardial infarct expansion and left ventricular remodeling became the target of therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition that could be initiated after 24 hours of coronary occlusion. ACE inhibition, angiotensin receptor blockade, and long-term β-blockade have become standard pharmacological approaches for postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Response by Pitt and Pitt p 2989 Ventricular arrhythmias can occur in both the acute and chronic phases of acute myocardial infarction and can lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Reentrant arrhythmias may arise at the border zone of infarcts, causing monomorphic ventricular tachycardia that may occur years after the index infarction. Recurrent myocardial ischemia resulting in an unstable substrate may contribute to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Agents such as β-blockers that are anti-ischemic may reduce sudden death by quieting this unstable substrate. In the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II, implantable defibrillators were shown to reduce mortality in post–myocardial infarction patients with …
Use of Antidromic Recording to Monitor Facial Nerve Function Intraoperatively

This report describes a technique for monitoring facial nerve activity intraoperatively utilizing antidromic nerve stimulation and sequential averaging of the evoked responses. Compound facial nerve action potentials are obtained reliably even in the presence of paralyzing doses of muscle relaxants, which render the conventional methods useless. The electrophysiological setup is straightforward, and we utilize the same sequential averaging equipment with which we monitor cortical evoked responses intraoperatively. This technique facilitates identification of the facial nerve in large cerebellopontine angle tumors with minimal mechanical trauma. Recordings from eight clinical cases are presented to illustrate the reliability and reproducibility of this technique.
A new procedure for a study of barbiturate effect and evoked potentials in the EEG.

Abstract 1. 1. Repetitive auditory stimulation before Pentothal injection and during natural sleep produces a variety of responses, which may be summarized as first: a fluctuation of response; and second: the occasional appearance of conditioning effects at certain rates of stimulation. 2. 2. After Pentothal injection superimposed on natural sleep, there is no production of the fast wave activity which constantly occurs on the EEG pattern in the sedated but not sleeping subject. 3. 3. After Pentothal injection the responses to auditory stimulation are altered with a disappearance of “fluctuation effect”, an augmentation of responses and a decrease of the conditioning effect. 4. 4. We conclude: • (a) that natural sleep prevents the appearance of the initial stage of barbiturate activity (similar to the effect in mesencephalic transection in animals); • (b) that the “fluctuation effect” is related during sleep to the variability of natural sleep; • (c) that the disappearance of the “fluctuation effect” after the injection of Pentothal is due to a more constant level of sleep; • (d) that the augmentation of response was due to the suppression of cortical inhibitory function leading to a more rudimentary type of response; and, • (e) that the conditioning effect is decreased because the cumulative effect of natural sleep and Pentothal reduces the ability of the brain to be conditioned.
Trichotillomania in childhood

Trichotillomania is the irresistible urge to pluck one's own body hair. It is a chronic mental illness that imposes severe limitations on the patient's social, emotional, and occupational adjustment. A review of the literature is presented; the clinical picture, psychiatric implications, possible etiologic theories, and treatment issues are discussed. It is concluded that trichotillomania is a disorder with multifaceted pathology that is best overcome by an interdisciplinary approach to treatment.
A detailed ecosystem model of phosphorus dynamics in created riparian wetlands

Abstract A generalized yet detailed wetland ecosystem model was calibrated and validated with 3 years’s data from four similarly constructed wetlands in northeastern Illinois, USA. The model was used to explore the role of different wetland structure and function in relation to phosphorus retention, to integrate collected data and provide a better understanding at the ecosystem level about constructed wetlands, and to predict the sediment and phosphorus retentions under different hydrologic conditions. Four submodels — hydrology, primary productivity, sediments, and phosphorus — were included in the model. Phosphorus cycling was reasonably simulated with one set of parameters for a total of 10 wetland-years. The model showed that autochthonous organic matter production varies from 300 to 1036 g dw m −2 year −1 , with 12 to 103 g dw m −2 year −1 accumulating as bottom detritus. This compares to inflows of sediments from the river (allochthonous) of 192–934 g dw m −2 year −1 . Simulated sediment accumulation ranged from 6 to 29 mm year −1 with high inflow wetlands having higher sediment accumulation rates than low flow wetlands. Model estimates are well below the 50–100 mm year −1 rates predicted by sedimentation trap data in previous studies. Total phosphorus retained with sedimentation is simulated at a rate of 1.08–2.47 g P m −2 year −1 , in the range of values reported for other wetlands. Simulations showed that macrophytes pumped about 0.31–1.66 g P m −2 year −1 out of deep sediments, and increased total phosphorus in the water column mostly during the non-growing season. Simulated phosphorus retention increased by 5.1% when macrophytes were removed from the wetland. Simulated phosphorus retention decreased from 90 to 50% when inflow increases from 8 cm week −1 to 200 cm week −1 . Manipulating the hydrologic regime to increase phosphorus removal efficiency may be a desirable strategy for constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands are dynamic ecosystems for which we generally have poor predictive capabilities; ecological modelling provides us with a useful tool for understanding wetland function and structure, testing hypothesis, and making predictions.
Wall apposition assessment and performance comparison of distal protection filters.

Purpose To assess the wall apposition of 3 distal protection filters used in carotid artery stenting (CAS) for cerebral protection and quantify the effect on the in vitro capture efficiency of the filters under simulated physiological flow conditions. Methods The 3 distal protection filters (Angioguard XP, FilterWire EZ, and RX Accunet) were deployed in silicone flow models of 5.0-, 5.5-, and 6.0-mm inner diameter and were tested at a mean flow rate characteristic of the human internal carotid artery while injecting polydispersed microspheres simulating plaque emboli. The injected microspheres had a diameter larger than the pore size of the devices tested, so it was conjectured that any microspheres missed by the device traveled between the device basket and the vessel wall. Varying the diameter of the vessel phantom within the recommended vessel diameter treatment range for each device simulated the variability of vessel diameter in vivo, allowing the quantification of device wall apposition. Results None of the devices tested completely prevented distal embolization in the flow model. The RX Accunet device has the best overall wall apposition, yielding gaps of 0.075% of the vessel cross-sectional area. The FilterWire EZ device had the best overall average filtration rate, failing to capture only 0.8% of plaque particles. There were no statistically significant differences in the wall apposition assessment or the capture efficiency of the RX Accunet and FilterWire EZ devices. Conclusion Several complications related to apposition of the filter basket on the vessel wall and device retrieval were detected in all the devices. It is inferred that the adaptability of the filter basket to conform to the vessel cross section at the site of deployment is the primary design variable responsible for distal embolization during CAS with cerebral protection.
A remote controlled system for the preparation of 7α-[18F]fluoro-17α-methyl 5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]FMDHT) using microwave

Abstract For non-invasive imaging of the prostate cancer, we synthesized 7α-fluoro-17α-methyl 5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]FMDHT) for androgen receptor mediated PET imaging. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo evaluations of this compound show promise. We designed and implemented a remote controlled system for reliable, efficient, and safe handling of radioactivity during the radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FMDHT. The key features of this report are the microwave assisted radiochemical synthesis, increased radiochemical yields, improved radiochemical purity, reduced overall synthesis time, and remote controlled automation of the entire synthesis. The overall synthesis using microwave reaction took 60–70 min and provided the desired product in 20–30% radiochemical yields with >99% radiochemical purity.
Molecular kinetics of muscle adenosine triphosphatase.

Abstract 1. 1. The kinetics of the dephosphorylation of ATP by myosin follow the law, −d [ ATP ] dt = k 2 K[ myosin ][ ATP ] (1 + K [ ATP ]) . The apparent heats and entropies associated with K2 and K are, respectively, Δ H 2 ‡ = 12.4 kcal, mole −1 ; Δ S 2 ‡ = −8 cal. mole −1 deg. −1 ΔH = 8 kcal. mole−1; ΔS = 49 cal. mole−1 deg.−1 assuming a univalent enzyme particle with a molecular weight of 2.0 × 107. 2. 2. There is evidence to suggest that K is a true equilibrium constant for (enzyme-substrate) complex formation, and that this formation involves a charge neutralization. 3. 3. Preliminary measurements of rate of thermal deactivation of myosin yield a first-order rate constant of 5.6 × 10−4 sec.−1 at 35.2 °C., an apparent Δ H ‡ of 70 kcal, mole−1, and an apparent ΔS ‡ of 150 cal. mole−1 deg.−1. In the presence of 0.001 M ATP, the rate constant of deactivation is reduced below 10−4 sec.−1. 4. 4. The incorporation of pH and ion effects into the expression for the steady-state reaction rate is discussed.
Headgear system development for the dismounted soldier

Headgear systems for the dismounted soldier are being developed that will provide an extensive set of new capabilites on the battlefield. These systems provide dramatically enhanced audio and visual information flow to and from the soldier. Integrated/modular headgear components include a miniature helmet mounted high resolution display, an advanced intensified night sensor, a head orientation sensor, advanced signal processing electronics, a helmet mounted radio antenna, in addition to new ballistic protection and helmet suspension and communication components.
Underplanting to sustain future stocking of oak (Quercus) in temperate deciduous forests

Oaks (Quercus spp.) are one of the most important tree taxa in the northern hemisphere. Although they are dominant in mixed species forests and widely distributed, there are frequent reports of regeneration failures. An adequate population of large oak advance reproduction is a critical prerequisite to successful oak regeneration, and hence sustainability of oak. But, many oak forests lack sufficient density of large and competitive oak advance reproduction. Artificial regeneration of oak by underplanting is done to supplement natural populations of oak seedlings or to introduce oak in stands where it is missing. Planting high quality seedlings is important. Silvicultural practices that regulate stand density such as thinning and the shelterwood method are needed to increase oak’s regeneration potential by promoting accumulation and growth of natural and planted seedlings before the final regeneration harvest. Control of competing vegetation and herbivory are important elements in the regeneration prescription. Light in the understory is a limiting factor to the accumulation of large oak advance reproduction. Light levels (20–50 % +) sufficient for biomass production in oak reproduction result through management of stand density and other competing vegetation. We review and synthesize the literature on silvicultural approaches to using artificial regeneration to obtain successful oak regeneration that is grounded in fundamental principles of oak biology and ecology. Principles of oak regeneration presented here may also have relevance to other hydric, mesic and dry-mesic forest environments.
DEVELOPMENT AND GERMINATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS CHLAMYDOSPORES IN RELATION TO AGE

Chlamydospore-bearing colonies of Candida albicans were placed under nutritive conditions favorable for germination at various stages of colony development. Only young chlamydospores germinated; yet those from 14-20hr cultures could not be distinguished by light microscopy from large round cells which later budded again on the sporulation medium and became suspensor cells. Mature chlamydospores, i.e., those in the center of colonies 60hr old, could not be induced to germinate under a wide variety of physical or cultural conditions.
Structural properties of As2Se3 fibers

Abstract Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) studies of rapidly-drawn fibers of glassy As 2 Se 3 reveal that significant structural changes occur as a function of draw rate. Pulsed 75 As NQR echo measurements have been performed on freshly prepared and aged samples of glassy As 2 Se 3 fibers at three different draw rates (5, 41 and 75 m/min). The 75 As NQR lineshapes exhibit systematic trends in both the linewidths and line asymmetrics. Fibers drawn at the most rapid rate exhibit a second resolved peak in the NQR lineshape that is attributed to the presence of AsAs bonds even though the glass is nominally stoichiometric. Presumably the AsAs ‘wrong bonds’ are compensated by the presence of SeSe bonds. Annealing the fibers for several hours near 200°C produces changes in the NQR lineshapes but does not result in NQR lineshapes that are indicative of the bulk glass. These results are consistent with measurements of structural relaxation as obtained from differential scanning calorimetry in glassy As 2 Se 3 fibers.
Expression of membrane activation antigens on murine B lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.

The expression of two membrane glycoproteins, RL388 antigen and transferrin receptor (TfR), was examined on murine B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorometric analysis were used to monitor the expression of these markers as a function of the time in culture, the state of membrane Ia antigen expression, the position in cell cyclem, and the degree of B-cell differentiation. Freshly explanted splenic B cells expressed low levels of RL388 antigen and TfR. Following LPS stimulation, increased expression of RL388 antigen was detectable by 8 to 12 hr of culture, a time span characterized by increased Ia antigen expression, blast transformation, and G0 to G1 phase transition. The increased expression of TfR was apparent later and correlated with entry into late G1 phase and the onset of S phase. LPS-stimulated cell cultures treated with actinomycin D (G0G1 block) exhibited increased expression of Ia antigen, but neither RL388 antigen nor TfR, whereas hydroxyurea treatment (G1/S block) allowed expression of all three markers. These results indicate that hyperexpression of RL388 antigen and TfR occurs during G1 phase and that these events are subsequent to Ia antigen hyperexpression. Finally, B cells in late G1 through M phase of the cell cycle simultaneously express high levels of RL388 antigen and TfR. These findings suggest that the expression patterns of RL388 antigen and TfR might be useful parameters for defining compartments of the murine B-cell cycle.
Health error prediction and sensor topology optimization on a smart pressure vessel

NRL's Mechanics of Materials Branch has developed a technology that facilitates sensor selection and placement within a composite structure. The Embedded Sensors for Smart Structures Simulator (ES4) is a tool that relates the output of a finite number of sensors to strain induced structural and material damage. This tool is based on the use of the dissipative part of the bulk nonlinear material behavior. The methodology used to identify this behavior will be briefly described in the present paper. This paper describes the role of strain measurements and their relation to sensor type and location, the conceptual framework of dissipated energy density as the metric employed for assessing material/structural performance. Emphasis is given on the utilization of dissipated energy density for estimating the error between the health of the structure as 'seen' by the sensors and the actual health of the structure. Useful applications of this difference are sensor placement optimization in the case of the design phase and confidence level measure for the case of an on board simulating capability.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of Electron Correlation and Scalar Relativistic Corrections on the Thermochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of HOF

Bond dissociation energies for the hypofluorous acid (HOF) system and an anharmonic force field for HOF are obtained from ab initio energies at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory, where the complete basis set (CBS) limit energies are obtained by extrapolating CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVn Z( n ) 2, 3, and 4) energies. The effects of including core-valence correlation and scalar relativistic effects on the thermochemical and spectroscopic properties are investigated. The results are compared to available experimental results including recent reevaluations of the properties of OF and OH. Quartic force fields are calculated at each level of theory and basis set used. Excellent agreement between experimental and calculated properties is obtained in most cases, but a few prominent and large differences in rotation-vibration coupling constants and a few force constants are observed. In these cases, our results are consistent with other, high-level, ab initio evaluations of these properties. Given the ability of large basis set CCSD(T) calculations to yield accurate results for a wide range of molecular parameters, these differences suggest that experimental results may benefit from reexamination in some cases. A new recommendation for the 0 K enthalpy of formation of HOF, ¢H°,0K ) -20.02 ( 0.25 kcal/mol, is presented based on a careful analysis of recent experimental data and is supported by the high-level ab initio calculations presented in this work.
slc26a3 (dra)-deficient Mice Display Chloride-losing Diarrhea, Enhanced Colonic Proliferation, and Distinct Up-regulation of Ion Transporters in the Colon

Mutations in the SLC26A3 (DRA (down-regulated in adenoma)) gene constitute the molecular etiology of congenital chloride-losing diarrhea in humans. To ascertain its role in intestinal physiology, gene targeting was used to prepare mice lacking slc26a3. slc26a3-deficient animals displayed postpartum lethality at low penetrance. Surviving dra-deficient mice exhibited high chloride content diarrhea, volume depletion, and growth retardation. In addition, the large intestinal loops were distended, with colonic mucosa exhibiting an aberrant growth pattern and the colonic crypt proliferative zone being greatly expanded in slc26a3-null mice. Apical membrane chloride/base exchange activity was sharply reduced, and luminal content was more acidic in slc26a3-null mouse colon. The epithelial cells in the colon displayed unique adaptive regulation of ion transporters; NHE3 expression was enhanced in the proximal and distal colon, whereas colonic H,K-ATPase and the epithelial sodium channel showed massive up-regulation in the distal colon. Plasma aldosterone was increased in slc26a3-null mice. We conclude that slc26a3 is the major apical chloride/base exchanger and is essential for the absorption of chloride in the colon. In addition, slc26a3 regulates colonic crypt proliferation. Deletion of slc26a3 results in chloride-rich diarrhea and is associated with compensatory adaptive up-regulation of ion-absorbing transporters.
Surface Friedel oscillations and photoemission from simple metals

The question whether (or not) electronic potentials caused by surface Friedel oscillations can lead to a leveling off of E(k) near the Fermi surface is investigated. Just the opposite behavior is found: E(k) becomes steeper at ${k}_{F}$. It follows that narrow photoemission peaks recently observed in Na and K (from initial states near ${E}_{F}$) cannot be attributed to Friedel oscillations.
Parental illness and disability : a family systems framework

Coping with the strains and uncertainties of parental illness and disability can be a monumental challenge. The Family Systems-Illness Model offers a psychosocial map to address this challenge and make the inevitable strains more manageable. Attending to the longitudinal psychosocial pattern of a condition within a multigenerational, life cycle and belief system context can provide the kind of structure – a common language that facilitates collaborative, creative problem solving and quality of life for families where a parent has a serious health problem. Some of the major challenges in families facing parental illness are addressed.
Interscorer Reliability of the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test-Revised.

This study investigated the interscorer reliability between a novice and a professional psychologist for the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test-Revised (MPDT-R). The sample consisted of 30 individuals (18 males and 12 females) who were referred to the Applied Neuroscience Institute of the University of Maryland Eastern Shore. Results from the study indicated that for three of the four MPDT-R scores there was a significant positive correlation between expert and novice scoring criteria. Implications for the assessment of perceptual-motor problems using the MPDT-R are discussed.