cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex-correlation Kohn T-matrix method of calculating total and elastic cross sections: Electron-hydrogen elastic scattering

We report on a study of electron-hydrogen scattering using a method [Bhatia, Schneider, and Temkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1936 (1993)] that allows for the ab initio calculation of total and elastic cross sections at higher energies. In its general form the method uses complex-``radial'' correlation functions, in a (Kohn) T-matrix formalism. The complex-correlation Kohn T-matrix method is reviewed in the context of electron-hydrogen scattering, including the derivation of the equation for the (complex) scattering function, and the extraction of the scattering information from the latter. The calculation reported here is restricted to S waves in the elastic region, where the correlation functions can be taken, without loss of generality, to be real. Phase shifts are calculated using Hylleraas-type correlation functions with up to 95 terms. Results are rigorous lower bounds; they are in general agreement with those of Schwartz [Phys. Rev. 124, 1468 (1961)], but they are more accurate and outside his error bounds at a couple of energies.
The Effects on Layoff Survivors of Their Fellow Survivors' Reactions1

A multimethod series of studies examined factors that moderate the effects on layoff survivors of their fellow survivors' reactions. Studies 1 and 2 showed that survivors' work performance was more influenced by the reactions of fellow survivors who were relatively attractive. Study 3 revealed that survivors' work performance and turnover intention were more positively related to the reactions of relatively attractive fellow survivors, but only when the survivors had relatively little communication with their fellow survivors about the layoff; among those who communicated a great deal with fellow survivors about the layoff, work performance, and turnover intention were positively related to their fellow survivors' reactions, regardless of the attractiveness of their fellow survivors. The discussion focuses on theoretical and practical implications, limitations of the studies, and areas for further research.
How effective is a saline arthrogram for wounds around the knee

Traumatic arthrotomies may predispose patients to subsequent septic arthritis and therefore are regarded as serious injuries requiring emergent treatment. The saline arthrogram is a commonly used test to determine if a patient has a traumatic arthrotomy. We determined the sensitivity of the saline arthrogram to identify known intraarticular wounds in 78 patients (80 knees) undergoing elective arthroscopic procedures. There were 66 infrapatellar and 14 suprapatellar incisions. The average length of the incision was 7.5 mm. Intraarticular position was confirmed with a blunt probe. A saline arthrogram then was performed using 60 mL normal saline. The known arthrotomy (operative wound) was observed during the injection for evidence of saline leakage (positive static test). If no leakage was observed, the knee was brought through a range of motion with continued observation for leakage from the arthrotomy (positive dynamic test). Twenty-two of 80 knees had a positive test without passive range of motion of the knee (static sensitivity, 36%). Eight additional knees had a positive test with subsequent passive motion (dynamic sensitivity, 43%). Our data suggest a saline arthrogram has low sensitivity for detecting known small traumatic arthrotomy wounds of the knee. Level of Evidence: Level I, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Replication of alcelaphine herpesviruses in various cell culture systems and subsequent purification of virus

Cultures of fetal aoudad sheep kidney (FAK), bovine embryonic lung (BEL), and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells were compared for differential replication of alcelaphine herpesviruses. Cell-free virus appears more rapidly when infected cells are incubated at 33° C rather than at 37° C. Events in the replication and morphologic development of several alcelaphine herpesvirus isolates have been documented using light and electron microscopy. Techniques for indirect immunofluorescence and serum virus neutralization are described. When virus free of host-cell contaminants is desired for biochemical analysis, virus isolates are initially purified on sucrose gradients and then further purified by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll.
Preserving the Sixties: Britain and the ‘Decade of Protest’

Preserving the Sixties is a welcome addition to the growing literature on Britain in the ‘Long Sixties’. It is a collection of 10 essays, plus a Foreword by Dominic Sandbrook and an Introduction an...
β-Endorphin: Deletion of a single amino acid residue abolishes immunoreactivity but retains opiate potency

Abstract Two synthetic analogs of camel β-endorphin, one with omission of Leu-14 and the other with omission of Asn-20, have been assayed for immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay, opiate activity in the guinea pig ileum preparation and analgesic potency in mice. It was found that the omission analogs had no immunoreactivity, but retained significant biological activities. As far as we are aware, this is the first instance in which deletion of a single amino acid residue in a biologically active peptide abolished immunoreactivity.
Generalized least squares with misspecified serial correlation structures

Summary. The regression literature contains hundreds of studies on serially correlated disturbances. Most of these studies assume that the structure of the error covariance matrix Q is known or can be estimated consistently from data. Surprisingly, few studies investigate the properties of estimated generalized least squares (GLS) procedures when the structure of Q is incorrectly identified and the parameters are inefficiently estimated. We compare the finite sample efficiencies of ordinary least squares (OLS), GLS and incorrect GLS (IGLS) estimators. We also prove new theorems establishing theoretical efficiency bounds for IGLS relative to GLS and OLS. Results from an exhaustive simulation study are used to evaluate the finite sample performance and to demonstrate the robustness of IGLS estimates vis-a-vis OLS and GLS estimates constructed for models with known and estimated (but correctly identified) Q. Some of our conclusions for finite samples differ from established asymptotic results.
SOME EFFECTS OF IODINE AND OTHER REAGENTS ON THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1. Denatured tobacco mosaic virus has a number of SH groups corresponding to its total sulfur content of 0.2 per cent. The SH groups were estimated by titration with ferricyanide, tetrathionate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate in guanidine hydrochloride solution and by reduction of the uric acid reagent in urea solution. 2. The SH groups of tobacco mosaic virus or their precursors can be abolished by reaction of the native form of the virus with iodine. 3. Tobacco mosaic virus whose SH groups have been oxidized beyond the S-S stage by iodine but whose tyrosine groups have not been converted into di-iodotyrosine groups still retains its normal biological activity as shown by the number of lesions it causes on Nicotiana glutinosa plants and by the characteristic disease produced in Turkish tobacco plants. 4. The inoculation of Turkish tobacco plants with active virus whose SH groups have been abolished by iodine results in the production of virus with the normal number of SH groups. 5. If enough iodine is added to tobacco mosaic virus or if the iodine reaction is carried out at a sufficiently high temperature, then the tyrosine groups are converted into di-iodotyrosine groups and the virus is inactivated. 6. Tobacco mosaic virus can be almost completely inactivated by iodoacetamide under conditions under which iodoacetamide reacts with few if any of the protein's SH groups. 7. Tobacco mosaic virus is not inactivated by dilute p-chloromercuribenzoate.
Synthesis of 18F-labeled cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor as a potential PET imaging agent

A new PET tracer for COX-2 imaging, the 6-ethoxy-3-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-4-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)pyran-2-one ([18F]EFMP), was synthesized. For F-18 radiolabeling, a trimethylammonium precursor and a brominated precursor were synthesized from 1,1,2,3-tetrachlorocycloprop-2-ene in 6 steps. The radiolabeling was achieved through nucleophilic substitution using no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) fluorine-18. Solid-phase extraction and semi-preparative-HPLC purification produced [18F]EFMP in 14.6±3.3% (n =4) decay corrected radiochemical yield with a specific activity of 487±85.1 (n =4) Ci/mmol and greater than 98% radiochemical purity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Prediction Making: Examining Influential Factors Related to Clinician Predictions of Recidivism among Juvenile Offenders.

This study examined factors influencing clinician predictions of recidivism for juvenile offenders, including youth age at initial juvenile justice system involvement, youth age at discharge, program completion status, clinician perception of strength of the therapeutic relationship, and clinician perception of youth commitment to treatment.
Upgrades and New Purchases

Abstract In many industries, firms introduce successive generations of new and enhanced product models to remain competitive. Product enhancements target first-time purchasers and consumers who already own an existing product and are considering upgrading to a new and enhanced product. Upgrade decisions differ from new purchase decisions because they are hindered by the psychological costs associated with the purchase price spent on the existing product. This research examines how the enhanced product can be positioned relative to the existing product to mitigate the psychological costs and facilitate upgrade purchases. A series of studies demonstrate that consumers with existing products are more likely to upgrade when the enhanced product is generally dissimilar to the existing product. Upgraders have stronger preferences than first-time purchasers for enhanced products with new features rather than for improvements on existing features, and they prefer enhancements that focus on a few key features rath...
An Experimental Program to Build a Multimegawatt Lasertron for Super Linear Colliders

A lasertron (a microwave "triode" with an RF output cavity and an RF modulated laser to illuminate a photocathode) is a possible high power RF amplifier for TeV linear colliders. As the first step toward building a 35 MW, S-band lasertron for a proof of principle demonstration, a 400 kV dc diode is being designed with a GaAs photocathode, a drift-tube and a collector. After some cathode life tests are made in the diode, an RF output cavity will replace the drift tube and a modelocked, frequency-doubled, Nd:YAG laser, modulated to produce a 1 us-long comb of 60 ps pulses at a 2856 MHz rate, will be used to illuminate the photocathode to make an RF power source out of the device. This paper discusses the plans for the project and includes some results of numerical simulation studies of the lasertron as well as some of the ultra-high vacuum and mechanical design requirements for incorporating a photocathode.
Leprosy in a chimpanzee. Morphology of the skin lesions and characterization of the organism.

Microscopic features of lepromatoid lesions in a chimpanzee inoculated with bovine leukemia virus consisted of diffuse dermal infiltrations of foamy histiocytes, except for a subepidermal “clear zo...
Weight distribution of a class of binary block codes formed from RCPC codes

In this paper, we study the weight enumerator and the numerical performance of a class of binary linear block codes formed from a family of rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes. Also, we present useful numerical results for a well-known family of RCPC codes.
Impact Breccias in Carbonate Rocks, Sierra Madera, Texas

Two main types of deformational breccia occur in the Sierra Madera cryptoexplosion structure: monolithologic breccias composed of shattered rock of a single lithology and mixed breccias composed of rocks of several lithologies. Monolithologic breccias generally show no mineralogic signs of shock deformation, but a few samples are shatter-coned in a manner suggesting simultaneous formation of breccias and shatter cones. Mixed breccias, forming irregular, cross-cutting bodies, consistently contain moderately to highly shocked material, with mineralogic evidence of shock pressures of 50 kb to more than 200 kb, which, with evidence from the structural geometry of Sierra Madera and orientation of shatter cones, indicate an impact origin of the breccias. The mode of occurrence of the breccias, petrographic characteristics, and association with shock features are shared by breccias in many other cryptoexplosion structures in both carbonate and crystalline rock terranes, suggesting that such breccias have a common origin.
The Ethics of Food Advertising Targeted Toward Children: Parental Viewpoint

The children’s market has become significantly more important to marketers in recent years. They have been spending increasing amounts on advertising, particularly of food and beverages, to reach this segment. At the same time, there is a critical debate among parents, government agencies, and industry experts as to the ethics of food advertising practices aimed toward children. The␣present study examines parents’ ethical views of food advertising targeting children. Findings indicate that parents’ beliefs concerning at least some dimensions of moral intensity are significantly related to their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions of food advertising targeting children as well as the perceived moral intensity of the situation.
Aerobic fitness and the attentional blink in preadolescent children

Objective: Given the growing concern that children in today’s industrialized and technologically advanced society are becoming more sedentary and less fit, a greater understanding of the extent to which aerobic fitness relates to brain health and cognition during development is of increasing importance. Accordingly, this study sought to use neuroelectric and behavioral measures during an attentional blink task to examine the temporal dynamics of attention as a function of children’s aerobic fitness. Method: Using a cross-sectional design, response accuracy and event-related brain potentials were assessed in preadolescent children with different levels of aerobic fitness. Results: Results indicated that higher fit children exhibited greater task performance and better attentional resources distribution, as measured via the P3 component, compared to lower fit children. Conclusion: These findings indicate that aerobic fitness may benefit aspects of cognitive health that involve temporal dynamics of attentional processes during preadolescent maturation.
Experimental search for narrow resonances in the reaction π−p→γγ n at 13 GeV/c☆

Abstract Using a double arm electromagnetic calorimeter we have searched for narrow states produced in the exclusive reaction π − p→γγn at 13 GeV/c. No enhancements were observed in the mass range 2.0–4.0 GeV/c 2 . For example, the 90% confidence limit on η c production is σ ( π − p→ η c n)× B ( η c → γγ )
OxLDL immune complexes activate complement and induce cytokine production by MonoMac 6 cells and human macrophages

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is immunogenic and induces autoimmune responses in humans. OxLDL antibodies are predominantly of the proinflammatory IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes. We tested the capacity of immune complexes prepared with copper-oxidized human LDL and affinity chromatography-purified human OxLDL antibodies [OxLDL-immune complexes (ICs)] to activate complement and to induce cytokine release by MonoMac 6 (MM6) cells and by primary human macrophages. The levels of C4d and C3a were significantly higher in human serum incubated with OxLDL-ICs than after incubation with OxLDL or OxLDL antibody, indicating complement activation by the classical pathway. MM6 cells and primary human macrophages were incubated with OxLDL-ICs, with or without prior conditioning with interferon-γ. After 18 h of incubation, both MM6 cells and primary human macrophages released significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines after incubation with OxLDL-ICs than after incubation with OxLDL or with OxLDL antibody, both in primed and unprimed cells. OxLDL-ICs were more potent activators of MM6 cells than keyhole limpet hemocyanin-ICs. Blocking Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) with monomeric IgG1 significantly depressed the response of MM6 cells to OxLDL-ICs. In conclusion, human OxLDL-ICs have proinflammatory properties, as reflected by their capacity to activate the classical pathway of complement and to induce proinflammatory cytokine release from MM6 cells and primary human macrophages.
Mitochondria and aging in the vascular system

This review focuses on mitochondrial abnormalities that occur in the vasculature during aging and explores the link between mitochondrial oxidative stress, chronic low-grade vascular inflammation, increased rate of endothelial apoptosis, and development of vascular diseases in the elderly. Therapeutic strategies targeting the mitochondria for prevention of age-associated vascular dysfunction and disease in old age are considered here based on emerging knowledge of the vasoprotective effects of caloric restriction, caloric restriction mimetics, the GH/IGF-1 axis, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants.
Truncation errors in the vertical extension of gravity anomalies by poisson’s integral theorem

When the values of gravity anomalies are given at the geoid, Ag can be calculated at altitude by application of Poisson’s integral theorem. The process requires integration of Δg multiplied by the Poisson kernel function over the entire globe. It is common practice to add to the kernel function terms that will ensure removal of any zeroth and first order components of Δg that may be present. The effects of trancating the integration at the boundary of a spherical cap of earth central half angle ψo have been analyzed using an adaptation of Molodenskii’s procedure. The extension process without removal terms retains the correct effects of inaccuracies in the constant term of the gravity reference model used in the definition of Δg. Furthermore, the effects of ignoring remote zones or unmapped areas in the integration process are very much smaller for the extension without removal terms than for the commonly used formula with removal terms. For these reasons the Poisson vertical extension process without removal terms is to be preferred over the extension with the zeroth order term removal. Truncation of this process at the point recommended for the Stokes integration, namely, the first zero crossing of the Stokes kernel function, leaves negligible truncation errors.
Iterating an Innovation Model: Challenges and Opportunities in Adapting Accelerator Practices in Evolving Ecosystems

Startup accelerators have expanded worldwide in recent years, fostering the development of technology startups and spreading Lean practices and Silicon Valley values to all corners of the globe. These accelerators clearly create value—for the teams whose development they foster, the products they create, and the larger ecosystems they build. But there are also a number of challenges arising from the model and how it is implemented in different contexts globally. Through fieldwork at accelerators in Singapore and Buenos Aires, I investigate the global expansion of this innovation model. In this paper, I discuss the most salient challenges and discuss potential opportunities emerging from these challenges, and how other methods and practices such as design thinking, intensive user research and flexible, bottom up-approaches can add value to the accelerator process. I also highlight mutually beneficial ways the EPIC community can become more involved in startups ecosystems.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF RESPONSE CATEGORIES AND RELIABILITY OF LIKERT‐TYPE QUESTIONNAIRES1

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between number of response categories employed and internal-consistency reliability of Likert-type questionnaires. Two questionnaires, each composed of items with high loadings on one factor, were scaled with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 categories. The questionnaires were administered to graduate students in education and coefficient alpha reliabilities were computed both for random samples of items and for each total questionnaire. The results indicated that in situations where low total score variability is achieved with a small number of categories, reliability can be increased through increasing the number of categories employed, in situations where pinion is widely divided toward the content being measured, reliability appeared to be independent of the number of response categories.
Patient-generated health data: a pathway to enhanced long-term cancer survivorship

The growing ability to collect and transmit patient-generated health data, also referred to as people-generated health data and patient-reported outcomes, is creating an opportunity to greatly improve how cancer survivors and their providers manage survivors' health in the months and years following cancer treatment. Although cancer survivors are at higher risk of chronic health problems and early death as a result of cancer treatment, some experience difficulty identifying and receiving the care they need to optimize their health post-treatment. This article describes the challenges that cancer survivors and their providers face in managing survivors' care and identifies several ways that using patient-generated health data can improve survivors' and providers' ability to manage survivorship care at the individual and population levels.
Environmental Treaty Ratification: Treaty Design, Domestic Politics and International Incentives

How do we explain the variation in state ratification of environmental treaties? Researchers have sought to answer this question by emphasizing treaty design, dynamics related to a state's domestic institutional dynamics and dynamics related to a state's place in the international community. This paper advances the literature by testing these established expectations, separately and simultaneously, using a new sample of 55 environmental treaties. Very few large-n studies of environmental treaty ratification have been performed and none include both regional and global treaties or utilize a precise definition of the contested concept "environmental" to guide sample selection. The analysis demonstrates support for all three approaches although with caveats attached to each. Combined, these results imply that while ratification is a domestic procedure, it is one rooted in the international sphere and conditioned by treaty design.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies in Schizophrenia

The group of disorders known collectively as schizophrenia15 continues to be a critical problem for modern psychiatry and accounts for large expenditures for the community (estimated at $19.6 billion annually)66 and tragedy for many families. The chance that a person will be treated for schizophrenia in his lifetime has been reported to be about 2% (4 million people in the United States). Schizophrenia accounts for about 50% of the available mental hospital beds, or about 25% of all available hospital beds in the United States.86 The disorder is equally common in males and females.
America as Exemplar: The Civil War and British Democratization in the 1860s

Has the United States had a causal role in the evolution of the international system since the late 18th century – specifically, the global spread of constitutional democracy? I narrow the question to demonstration effects, or the international influence of an exemplar. A demonstration effect exists when the successes (failures) of state A cause state B to imitate (repudiate) A’s institutions and practices. I test propositions about demonstration effects using the successes of the Union in the American Civil War, well before America became a global hegemon. The Union won concurrent victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg in July 1863, and finally vanquished the Confederacy in April 1865. Less than two years later – in February 1867 – the British Parliament nearly doubled its franchise. A demonstration effect from the Union’s successes is evident, but its strength is uncertain owing to concurrent effects from the liberal revolution in Poland (1863) and victories Garibaldi in Italy. The causal mechanism connecting the Union’s victory and Britain’s 1867 Reform Act ran not directly from Gettysburg to Britain’s leaders but instead through the disenfranchised middle and working classes. The two classes had little history of trust or cooperation, but Union successes inspired them to mobilize and cooperate across class lines. When a limited reform bill failed in June 1866, the trans-class coalition began to agitate and rally in several British cities, and the Conservative Prime Minister stated explicitly that this pressure made it prudent for his government to press for constitutional reform (democratization). I conclude with some implications for how we might understand how actors come to believe that liberal democracy renders a state more fit for international competition.
Designing a tourism marketing assessment for San Antonio, Texas:

Many worldwide communities, in spite of possessing outstanding tourism resources, have not been able to market them successfully. Developing a tourism marketing assessment provides the local destin...
Chapter V The Low Temperature Properties of Helium Three

Publisher Summary Sufficient pure 3 He became available to permit liquefaction of the gas and the determination of a few physical properties. Increasing amounts of the isotope have been since prepared, such that at the present time small quantities for research purposes are now generally available from the Isotopes Division US AEC. The properties of the gas may be satisfactorily treated theoretically by straightforward quantum statistical methods. There appears to be some possibility for the improvement of the intermolecular potential. The properties of the liquid conform to no theoretical model, so far advanced. Although there is some priori basis for believing that liquid helium should approximate an ideal F.D. gas assembly of particles, it now seems apparent that the actual interaction forces between the particles invalidate the applicability of this simple limiting model. There is also no definite evidence so far that statistics play any part in the non-superfluidity of 3 He. Thus, although a considerable number of properties of Helium three ( 3 He) have now been measured, it appears that the intriguing problem of liquid helium has been extended rather than resolved by this new information.
Influence of temperature on selenium and sulphur accumulation in Brassica oleracea L.

SummarySelenium (Se) and sulphur (S) accumulation are affected by many factors in plants. To understand how growing temperature affected Se and S uptake and accumulation in Brassica oleracea, plants were grown at three different temperatures: 10°, 20° and 30°C. Plant growth, as reflected in fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), increased with increasing temperature. Se and S accumulation were temperature-dependent and tissue-specific. Se levels increased linearly with increasing temperature in the leaves, and varied from 1.73 – 2.54 mg Se g–1 DW. Conversely, Se accumulation decreased linearly with increasing temperature in the roots, and varied from 2.17 – 2.87 mg Se g–1 DW. Growing temperature significantly affected S accumulation in leaves, but not in shoots or in roots. Sulphur levels ranged from 20.83 – 30.98 mg g–1 DW in leaves, and increased with higher temperatures. Sulphate accumulation was similar to S, except that accumulation decreased at the highest growing temperature. Vegetables that accumu...
EVOLUTION OF THE STING APPARATUS IN THE MYRMICINE ANTS

The morphology of the hymenopteran ovipositor and its descendant the sting apparatus has long been known to reflect major adaptive radiations within the order (reviewed in Oeser, 1961; Robertson, 1968; Smith, 1970; Maschwitz and Kloft, 1971), and for that reason it is used, in part, to define major subdivisions. But never has the taxonomic value and evolutionary significance of this structure been systematically analyzed at the generic level or in a still radiating group. Here I summarize the results of such a survey of the sting apparatus of the myrmicine ants and 1) show its potential for defining genera, 2) present an hypothesis of the phylogeny of the subfamily, and 3) attempt to show how the radiation of these ants is reflected in sting apparatus morphology, and in turn, how these changes in the sting may account for aspects of myrmicine biology. In the primitive ants of the subfamily Ponerinae, the sting apparatus is used for subduing live prey and for personal and colony defense. It is probable that the Myrmicinae evolved from the Ponerinae (Brown, 1954; Eisner, 1957; Hermann, 1969, p. 132; dissenting viewpoint in Robertson, 1968). Since the Oligocene, the myrmicines have radiated to become the largest, most dominant subfamily of ants. Some genera, particularly Crematogaster and Pheidole are still radiating and replacing genera of the Dolichoderinae in their advance (Brown, 1973). These and many other myrmicines are unable to sting. As is generally the case with newly evolving groups, the internal classification of this subfamily is confused. Most tribes and many genera are poorly defined, and the phylogenetic relationships among genera are completely unknown. New characters are needed to help remedy that situation, and earlier studies of the sting complex in ants led me to examine its taxonomic potential (Foerster, 1912; Robertson, 1968; Hermann, 1969). That potential seemed particularly great in the Myrmicinae, where the uncommon degree of variation in stinging ability suggested an underlying wide variation in sting morphology, and presented the opportunity to construct hypotheses of how and why the myrmicines radiated, why many lost their stinging ability, and how they compensated for the loss.
Degradation and Biological Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl on Wheat Stored at Five Temperatures and Three Moisture Contents

Soft red winter wheat was treated with a calculated dosage of 6 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl and stored at 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35°C and either 11.2, 12.1, or 13.7% moisture content (15 combinations). Measured residue deposition on the wheat was 4.39 ± 0.57 ppm, a 27.2% reduction from the calculated dosage. Residue degradation was asymptotic at all combinations except 15°C and 11.2 and 12.1% moisture content. Residue loss during the initial months of storage increased with increases in both temperature and moisture content within temperature. Rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), did not survive bimonthly bioassays on wheat stored at either 15 or 20°C, but did survive on wheat stored at 20°C and 13.7% moisture content. Above 20°C, survival on treated wheat increased as residues decreased, and residues became either inactivated or diluted by increased moisture content. Numbers of F1 progeny, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels, and the amount of ground wheat flour (dockage) were positively correlated with weevil survival and negatively correlated with residue levels.
Influence of morphine, β-endorphin and naloxone on the synthesis of phosphoinositides in the rat midbrain

The effects of morphine, beta-endorphin and naloxone on the initial incorporation of 32Pi and [3H]glycerol into TPI, DPI and PI were measured in discrete subcellular fractions of the rat midbrain. Morphine and beta-endorphin significantly increased microsomal 32PI incorporation into TPI and PI but not DPI. Although neither morphine nor beta-endorphin significantly affected the levels of [3H]TPI or [3H]DPI, both agents significantly increased [3H]PI levels. All of the significant effects induced by morphine were blocked by naloxone treatment and were decreased after chronic morphine administration. However, naloxone treatment alone also mimicked all the effects of morphine except the increased incorporation of [3H]glycerol into PI. It was also found that chronic morphine treatment significantly increased the incorporation of 32Pi into synaptic TPI and DPI. This effect, however, did not show regional specificity being found in both cortical and subcortical synaptic membranes. Overall, the results suggest that the mechanisms of opioid action are closely associated with changes in the turnover of the brain phosphoinositides.
Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with gastroparesis diabeticorum: A comparison with metoclopramide and placebo

Cisapride is a prokinetic agent believed to facilitate acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of the gut. The effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of solids was studied in 9 diabetic patients, all of whom had delayed gastric emptying of indigestible solids (gastroparesis). Six patients had chronic nausea and vomiting, and 3 had no symptoms. Cisapride (5 mg) was given intravenously 15 min before ingestion of a 400-kcal test meal and 10 indigestible solid radiopaque markers. On separate days and in random order each patient also received intravenous metoclopramide (10 mg) or placebo 15 min before ingestion of the meal and markers. Mean gastric emptying of radiopaque markers, assessed by serial radiographs of the gastric region, was accelerated by metoclopramide and cisapride, but the difference reached significance only with cisapride (p less than 0.05). There was considerable intersubject variability in gastric emptying responses to cisapride and metoclopramide. No side effects occurred with either drug. This study indicates that acute, intravenous administration of cisapride accelerates gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Post-Liver Transplantation

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have emerged—along with the worldwide epidemic obesity—as the leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis or liver cancer secondary to fatty liver disease may become the most common indication for liver transplantation in the Western world in the near future. Recurrence of fatty liver disease following liver transplantation is not unusual—leading at least in a small number of patients to hepatic fibrosis and eventually liver cirrhosis which may require a second transplant. NASH patients frequently carry metabolic risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. These metabolic derangements persist following liver transplantation resulting in cardiovascular events—which is considered today the leading cause of death following liver transplantation in NASH recipients, surpassed only by sepsis. Patients with NASH cirrhosis should be carefully evaluated and selected for liver transplantation, and metabolic risk factors should be treated aggressively.
TRIZ: Systematic innovation towards factory operational efficiency

Semiconductor manufacturing faces numerous challenges and increased complexity in yield improvement, defect reduction and equipment related issues. Innovation is a key element to stay ahead of the competitors. Typically the way towards idea generation is Brainstorming. While it is easy to use, it is very much dependent on the experience and knowledge of the group of people. For new engineers, there is a certain degree of compromise to the solutions. This paper will introduce a systematic innovation methodology called Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). It is a structured methodology for modeling the problem, tools to work with the models and finally models of solutions. TRIZ is a recognized international science of creativity, based on the laws of physics and innovative patents distilled to numerous problem solving tools. It is a toolbox with 12 tools which provide the engineers with methods to create breakthrough ideas. This paper will describe 5 TRIZ methods (Trimming, Contradiction, 40 Inventive Principles, Process Analysis, Trends of Engineering System Evolution) and case studies will be shared.
Optical Control of DNA Helicase Function through Genetic Code Expansion

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a general DNA repair mechanism that is capable of removing a wide variety of DNA lesions induced by physical or chemical insults. UvrD, a member of the helicase SF1 superfamily, plays an essential role in bacterial NER by unwinding the duplex DNA in the 3' to 5' direction to displace the lesion-containing strand. In order to achieve conditional control over NER, we generated a light-activated DNA helicase. This was achieved through a site-specific incorporation of a genetically encoded hydroxycoumarin lysine at a crucial position in the ATP-binding pocket of UvrD. The resulting caged enzyme was completely inactive in several functional assays. Moreover, enzymatic activity of the optically triggered UvrD was comparable to that of the wild-type protein, thus demonstrating excellent OFF to ON switching of the helicase. The developed approach provides optical control of NER, thereby laying a foundation for the regulation of ATP-dependent helicase functions in higher organisms. In addition, this methodology is applicable to the light-activation of a wide range of ATPases.
Management of Gastroesophageal Junction Tumors

Gastroesophageal junction tumors have been increasing in incidence over time, with most tumors presenting at a locally advanced stage. The treatment plan depends on the stage at diagnosis. PET-CT and endoscopic ultrasound are used to determine clinical stage. Depending on the location of the tumor in the esophagus and stomach, treatment can include chemotherapy with or without radiation, followed by surgery if there is no disease progression. Prognosis is related to stage at diagnosis and response to preoperative treatment. Most surgery for gastroesophageal junction tumors can be performed minimally invasively, which helps decrease postoperative length of stay and morbidity from surgery.
Building Evidence for Public Human Resource Management: Using Middle Range Theory to Link Theory and Data:

Theory building within public administration has been slow and uneven, due in part to the field’s search for grand theories and its failure to systematize knowledge. Middle range theory may be a pa...
668. Progress toward a Non-Viral Gene Therapy Protocol for the Treatment of Anemia

Patients with progressive kidney disease develop anemia due to declining erythropoietin (EPO) production in the kidneys. The condition is currently treated by the frequent injection of recombinant human EPO. The expression of EPO following gene delivery to an ectopic site could provide a more convenient and more economical long-term solution. The major obstacles for the gene therapy of anemia have been: (1) finding a safe and efficient DNA delivery method to a tissue that can secrete EPO into the blood and (2) controlling the level of EPO expression by some means in order to prevent polycythemia.
Geographers Mobilize: A Network-Diffusion Analysis of the Campaign to Free Ghazi-Walid Falah

In summer 2006, Professor Ghazi-Walid Falah, a political geographer and editor-in-chief of the journal Arab World Geographer, was arrested by Israeli police after taking photographs of rural landscapes in Northern Galilee. Falah was subsequently held for 23 days, incommunicado, and without charge. An international campaign to “Free Ghazi” was launched by his family, friends, and colleagues, largely over academic listservs and other media. Utilizing social network analysis and contextualizing the campaign within structures of telecommunications technologies, the purpose of this paper is to assess the various factors that contributed to the campaign’s coalescence, its rapid development, and its global reach.
SCOPE-mTL: A non-invasive tool for identifying and lateralizing mesial temporal lobe seizures prior to scalp EEG ictal onset

Abstract Objective In mesial temporal lobe (mTL) epilepsy, seizure onset can precede the appearance of a scalp EEG ictal pattern by many seconds. The ability to identify this early, occult mTL seizure activity could improve lateralization and localization of mTL seizures on scalp EEG. Methods Using scalp EEG spectral features and machine learning approaches on a dataset of combined scalp EEG and foramen ovale electrode recordings in patients with mTL epilepsy, we developed an algorithm, SCOPE-mTL, to detect and lateralize early, occult mTL seizure activity, prior to the appearance of a scalp EEG ictal pattern. Results Using SCOPE-mTL, 73% of seizures with occult mTL onset were identified as such, and no seizures that lacked an occult mTL onset were identified as having one. Predicted mTL seizure onset times were highly correlated with actual mTL seizure onset times (r = 0.69). 50% of seizures with early mTL onset were lateralizable prior to scalp ictal onset, with 94% accuracy. Conclusions SCOPE-mTL can identify and lateralize mTL seizures prior to scalp EEG ictal onset, with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Significance Quantitative analysis of scalp EEG can provide important information about mTL seizures, even in the absence of a visible scalp EEG ictal correlate.
Is metal a friend or foe

A thorough study comparing the performance of more than a hundred photonic and plasmonic lasers concludes that the latter are advantageous when their cavity volumes are close to the diffraction limit.
Advances in industrial biopharmaceutical batch process monitoring: Machine-learning methods for small data problems

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing comprises of multiple distinct processing steps that require effective and efficient monitoring of many variables simultaneously in real-time. The state-of-the-art real-time multivariate statistical batch process monitoring (BPM) platforms have been in use in recent years to ensure comprehensive monitoring is in place as a complementary tool for continued process verification to detect weak signals. This article addresses a longstanding, industry-wide problem in BPM, referred to as the "Low-N" problem, wherein a product has a limited production history. The current best industrial practice to address the Low-N problem is to switch from a multivariate to a univariate BPM, until sufficient product history is available to build and deploy a multivariate BPM platform. Every batch run without a robust multivariate BPM platform poses risk of not detecting potential weak signals developing in the process that might have an impact on process and product performance. In this article, we propose an approach to solve the Low-N problem by generating an arbitrarily large number of in silico batches through a combination of hardware exploitation and machine-learning methods. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first article to provide a solution to the Low-N problem in biopharmaceutical manufacturing using machine-learning methods. Several industrial case studies from bulk drug substance manufacturing are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for BPM under various Low-N scenarios.
Molecular Cloning and Comparative Analysis of a PR-1-RK Hybrid Gene from Triticum urartu , the A-Genome Progenitor of Hexaploid Wheat

Wheat genomes encode pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1)/receptor-like kinase (RK) hybrid proteins as first reported for hexaploid wheat. To date, no PR-1-RK-like proteins have been identified in the diploid wild wheat Triticum urartu, the A-genome progenitor of hexaploid wheat. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a PR-1-RK hybrid gene (TuPr-1-rk) and a related pseudogene (TuPr-1-rkP) from T. urartu and comparative analysis of the wheat Pr-1-rk genes. TuPr-1-rk and TuPr-1-rkP were found to distribute independently among the natural populations of T. urartu, and the accession G1812 (the source of the published genome) was found to contain TuPr-1-rkP only. Sequence analysis revealed that TuPr-1-rkP originated from TuPr-1-rk through repetitive DNA-associated recombination. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that TuPr-1-rk is expressed in response to salinity stress and pathogen attack and is subject to alternative splicing (AS) as are the Pr-1-rk genes in hexaploid wheat, whereas TuPr-1-rkP is completely silenced. Thirteen AS-derived TuPr-1-rk mRNA isoforms were identified, and a comparable abundance was found between one encoding the full-length protein and those encoding C-terminally truncated proteins. Comparative analysis revealed that the wheat PR-1-RK proteins are highly conserved despite the substantial genomic variations of the coding genes. The identification of the TuPr-1-rk gene adds an important ancestral member to the wheat PR-1-RK gene family, and the observed commonality in expression patterns and the conservation of the PR-1-RK proteins support the notion that the Pr-1-rk gene may play important roles in stress response-related pathways in wheat.
Ocean of Data: Integrating First-Principles Calculations and CALPHAD Modeling with Machine Learning

Thermodynamics is a science concerning the state of a system, whether it is stable, metastable or unstable, when interacting with the surroundings. Computational thermodynamics enables quantitative calculations of thermodynamic properties as a function of both external conditions and internal configurations, in terms of first and second derivatives of energy with respect to either potentials or molar quantities. Thermodynamic modeling based on the CALPHAD method enables the thermodynamics beyond stable states and is the foundation of Materials Genome and materials design. In last several decades, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory have provided invaluable thermochemical data to improve the robustness of CALPHAD modeling. Today with ever increasing computing power and large amount of data repositories online, it calls for a new paradigm for CALPHAD modeling approach incorporating machine learning to create a sustainable ecosystem for the ocean of data and for emergent behaviors.
How Vaccines Work: Different Patterns for Different Diseases

Different patterns for success have emerged in the course of my experience in the development of a science of vaccinology. The state of the art of the science 50 years ago led to the belief that for successful immunization against a virus disease it would be necessary to experience infection, albeit with an attenuated form of the virus, as in the case of smallpox, rabies and yellow fever [1]. As a medical student, I was struck by the apparent paradox that we could use chemically treated toxins but not chemically treated viruses for effective and durable immunity. In one lecture we were told that it was possible to immunize against diphtheria and tetanus by use of their toxins rendered harmless by chemical treatment. In the very next lecture we were told it was necessary, for inducing immunity to virus diseases, to use an attenuated live virus vaccine capable of causing infection and that such immunity could not be induced by a so-called “killed” or non-replicating virus vaccine. To me, it seemed that both statements could not be true and that one must be false.
The Automation of a Laser Flash Diffusivity Apparatus

The method used to automate a laser flash diffusivity apparatus is presented. The diffusivity apparatus is fully automated by using a PC/AT equivalent and a PDP 11 computer. The thermal diffusivity over a temperature range of room temperature to 2000°C can be determined. The sample under test is heated at a constant rate of up to 500°C/minute and the diffusivity data is collected while the sample is heating. The data are checked for accuracy and noise and the diffusivity determined while the test is in progress. If the data errors are excessive the experimental parameters are automatically adjusted and the data collected again. Radiation heat loss corrections are also applied to the data during the test. The raw data is saved for further analysis.