cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human angiogenin is rapidly translocated to the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and binds to DNA.

Human angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Exogenous angiogenin appears in the nucleus in 2 min, reaches saturation in 15 min when 85% of the internalized angiogenin is in the nuclei, and remains associated with the nucleus for at least 4 h. Endothelial cells cultured at low density have a much higher capacity to translocate angiogenin to the nucleus than do those cultured at high density. This observation is consistent with previous findings that both the ability of endothelial cells to proliferate in response to angiogenin and the expression of an angiogenin receptor on the cell surface depend on cell density. Nuclear 125I-angiogenin is not degraded and is neither spontaneously dissociated nor replaced by unlabeled angiogenin. It is, however, released by deoxyribonuclease I, but not by ribonuclease A, suggesting that angiogenin binds to DNA in the nucleus. These results suggest that in addition to acting as a ribonuclease, angiogenin may play a role in regulating gene expression by direct binding to DNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 76:452–462, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Composite modeling to predict shrinkage of concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials from paste volumes

Abstract The inclusion of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as slag, fly ash and silica fume into ordinary concrete diverts SCMs from landfills, reduces CO 2 emissions, and produces durable and sustainable concrete. Concrete shrinkage is a significant parameter for durability. There is no systematic research on predicting the shrinkage of concrete mixed with various SCMs starting from paste properties. In this study, a two-step composite model is developed to predict concrete shrinkage from the paste level to the specimen level for 14 concrete mixtures containing only-slag, only-fly ash, only-silica fume, and slag plus silica fume, fly ash plus silica fume, and slag plus fly ash at two different water-to-cementitious materials ratios (w/cm). The composite model is used to find the shrinkage of mortar from paste properties in the first step, and then the range of the concrete shrinkages is determined using the shrinkage of the mortar and the Hashin–Shtrikman bounds [16] with the corresponding elastic modulus. The accuracy of the proposed models is evaluated using shrinkage data obtained through lab-scale experiment. The prediction models are found to agree well with the experimental data. Also, data from external sources are used to compare with the proposed models. Finally, these proposed models are compared with existing shrinkage models such as: ACI 209, CEB MC 90, and GL 2000. It is observed that the proposed model agrees more closely with the experimental results from the present study than the existing shrinkage prediction models.
Correlating computational docking predictions with Raman spectroscopy for β-lactoglobulin-porphyrin complexes

Computational molecular docking simulations (Dock and AutoDock) may provide a wealth of structural information related to the bound configuration of protein-ligand complexes, but they require verification to ensure their results correctly predict the bound complex. Resonance Raman spectroscopy data has been collected to correlate normal mode vibrations observed in the bound configurations to computationally generated structures in order to determine the best match between the in silico model and experiment. This methodology was used to determine the bound structures at an atomistic level of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and meso-tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) in aqueous solutions at pH 7 and 9. Comparisons of Raman spectra of TSPP before and after binding to BLG yield line shifts that are generated by the noncovalent binding of the ligand to the protein. Previous studies have shown that the Tanford transition in BLG, which occurs above pH 7.9, destabilizes the protein, allowing it to undergo a laser-induced structural change when bound to TSPP and illuminated by at least 0.3 J of laser energy. By examining the structures at pHs above and below the transition, we hope to reveal the mechanism of action that initiates the laser-induced changes in the protein. Future studies will use the computed bound configuration as an initial condition for molecular dynamics simulations of the laser-protein-complex interaction to predict the final state of the protein after irradiation.
Symmetry, Radical Ions, and Butadienes: Exploring the Limits of Density Functional Theory

Pure and hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods are evaluated regarding their ability to correctly describe asymmetric transition structures for symmetric butadiene radical cations. The study covers unsubstituted butadiene radical cation as well as (2,3-X,X)-disubstituted butadiene radical cations, where X is -CH3, -OH, -F, or -SiH3. The DFT methods either converge toward an erroneous symmetric solution or describe the asymmetric transition structure qualitatively correctly. Whether or not the asymmetric transition structure is found depends on the amount of Hartree−Fock density exchange included in the method, as well as on the electronic characteristics of the substituents, as described by their σ+ values. The disparate behaviors encountered are rationalized by a two-state model. It is also shown that molecular symmetry does not automatically induce errors, as reported by earlier studies. Instead, electronic symmetry is introduced as a factor to observe when organic radical cations are studied c...
Indian Science for Indian Tigers?: Conservation Biology and the Question of Cultural Values

The implementation of Project Tiger in India, 1973–1974, was justly hailed as a triumph of international environmental advocacy. It occurred as a growing number of conservation-oriented biologists were beginning to argue forcefully for scientifically managed conservation of species and ecosystems – the same scientists who would, by the mid-1980s, call themselves conservation biologists. Although India accepted international funds to implement Project Tiger, it strictly limited research posts to Government of India Foresters, against the protests of Indian and US biologists who hoped to conduct the scientific studies that would lead to better management and thus more effective conservation of the tiger. The foresters were not trained to conduct research, and in fact did not produce any of significance for the first 15 years of Project Tiger’s existence. The failure of biologists to gain access to India’s tigers in the 1970s was caused by many factors, but not least among them was a history of disdain among conservation-oriented biologists for government officials managing reserves, and the local politics of conservation. Project Tiger, then, serves as a case study for the discussion of the intersection of conservation biology with non-scientific concerns, including nationalism and the desire of the Indian government to more completely control its land.1I would like to thank the participants in the 2003 Southwest Colloquium for the Life Sciences for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper, as well as the two unusually helpful (anonymous) reviewers.
Optimization of process improvement and inspection location for serial manufacturing

SUMMARY This paper deals with serial manufacturing systems with imperfect inspection and rework of defective items. An inspector may not correctly identify a defective item; however, nondefective items are always correctly identified. Inspection stations, when they are used, screen all incoming units. Our objective is to develop a method that will determine which process steps to improve, the amount of process improvement, and the placement of inspection stations so that the expected per unit total cost of production is minimized. The dynamics of the process is modelled as a Markov renewal process and a gradient search procedure is used to optimize process improvement.
Compilation for two computers with NELIAC

NELIAC, a compiler based on ALGOL, was developed at the U. S. Navy Electronics Laboratory, San Diego, California, as a “bootstrap” compiler for the Remington Rand Univac COUNTESS computer. This compiler was used to generate a version of itself which, running as a COUNTESS program, generated machine code for the Control Data Corporation CDC-1604 computer. This second compiler was then used to generate a version of NELIAC for the CDC-1604. All three versions of NELIAC accepted essentially identical input language.
E = MC3: managing uncertain enterprise data in a cluster-computing environment

Modern enterprises must manage uncertain data for purposes of risk assessment and decisionmaking under uncertainty. The Monte Carlo approach embodied in the MCDB system of Jampani et al. is well suited for such a task. MCDB can support industrial strength business-intelligence queries over uncertain warehouse data. Moreover, MCDB's extensible approach to specifying uncertainty can also capture complex stochastic prediction models, allowing sophisticated ``what-if'' analyses within the DBMS. The MCDB computations can be highly CPU intensive, but offer the potential for massive parallelization. To realize this potential, we provide a new system, called MC3 (Monte Carlo Computation on a Cluster), that extends the MCDB approach to the map-reduce processing framework. MC3 can exploit the robustness and scalability of map-reduce, and can handle data stored in non-relational formats. We show how MCDB query plans over ``tuple bundles'' can be translated to sequences of map-reduce operations over nested data, and describe different parallelization schemes. We also provide and analyze several novel distributed algorithms for adding pseudorandom number seeds to tuple bundles. These algorithms ensure statistical correctness of the Monte-Carlo computations while minimizing the seed length. Our experiments show that MC3 can scale well for a variety of workloads.
Role of vitamins in the risk, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article presents an overview of the role of vitamins in the risk, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer, with emphasis on current evidence from English-language articles published since 1 August 2002 and indexed in MEDLINE. RECENT FINDINGS Findings from epidemiologic studies that have evaluated vitamin A and carotenoids in relation to breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. The available data, especially from prospective studies, do not support an association between vitamins E and C and risk of breast cancer. Recent studies suggest that folate plays an important role in the prevention of breast cancer, particularly among women consuming alcohol. Limited data also support a potential role of vitamin D in the prevention of breast cancer. SUMMARY High intake of folate or adequate circulating levels of folate may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Adequate folate levels may be particularly important for women who are at higher risk of breast cancer because of high alcohol consumption. The inverse association between vitamin D and risk of breast cancer needs to be evaluated in more studies.
WE-D-342-01: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Short T2 Components in Tissue

The background underpinning the clinical use of techniques used on clinical systems to image tissues or tissue components with short T2s is reviewed. Tissue properties are discussed, and tissues are divided into those with a majority of short T2 relaxation components and those with a minority. Features of the basic physics are described including the fact that when the radiofrequency pulse duration is of the order T2, rotation of tissue magnetization into the transverse plane is incomplete. Consequences of the broad line‐width of short T2 components are also discussed including their partial saturation by off‐resonance fat suppression pulses. The need for rapid data acquisition of the order T2 is explained. Several different techniques suitable for imaging of short T2 components are available on clinical systems. These include gradient echo, ultrashort echo tissues (UTE) and swift imaging with Fourier Transformation (SWIFT). The 2D UTE pulse sequence with its half excitation pulse and radial imaging from the center of k‐space is described together with options that suppress fat and/or long T2 components. Clinical features of the imaging of cortical bone, tendons, ligaments, menisci, and periosteum as well as brain,liver and spine are illustrated. Short T2 components in all of these tissues may show high signals. Possible future developments are outlines as are technical limitations. Educational Objectives: 1. To explain the technical basis for imaging of short T2 tissue components with clinical MR systems. 2. To explain the mechanisms determining contrast and the different appearances of short T2 tissues. Research sponsored, in part, by General Electric Healthcare.
Incremental value of prognostic testing in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease: a basis for optimal utilization of exercise technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography.

Objectives This study assessed the incremental prognostic implications of normal and equivocal exercise technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and sought to determine its incremental prognostic value, impact on patient management and cost implications. Background The prognostic implications of Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT are not well defined, and risk stratification using this test has not been explored. Methods We studied 1,702 patients referred for exercise Tc99m sestamibi SPECT who were followed up for a mean (±SD) of 20 ± 5 months. Patients with previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery were excluded. The SPECT studies were assessed using semiquantitative visual analysis. Cardiac death and myocardial infarction were considered “hard” events, and coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery >60 days after testing were considered “soft” events. Results Of the 1,702 patients studied, 1,131 had normal or equivocal scan results. A total of 10 events occurred in this group (1 cardiac death and 1 myocardial infarction [0.2% hard events]; 4 coronary angioplasty and 4 bypass surgery procedures [0.7% soft events]). The rates of hard events and referral to catheterization after SPECT were similarly low in patients with a low ( 0.85) post-exercise treadmill test (ETT) likelihood of coronary artery disease. With respect to scan type, patients with normal, probably normal or equivocal scan results had similarly low hard event rates. In the 571 patients with abnormal scan results, there were 43 hard events (7.5%) and 42 soft events (7.4%) (p Conclusions Normal or equivocal exercise Tc-99m sestamibi study results are associated with a benign prognosis, even in patients with a high likelihood of coronary artery disease. Although incremental prognostic value is added by nuclear testing in all patient subgroups, a testing strategy incorporating nuclear testing proved to be cost-effective only in the groups with an intermediate to high likelihood of coronary artery disease before scanning.
A test for superadditivity of the mean value function of a non-homogeneous Poisson process☆

Abstract Let N ( t ) be a non-homogeneous Poisson process with mean value function Λ( t ) and rate of occurrence λ( t ). We propose a conditional test of the hypothesis that the process is homogeneous, versus alternatives for which the mean value function is superadditive. Specific models leading to superadditivity are presented, and the superadditive test is compared, on the basis of consistency and asymptotic relative efficiency, with the Cox-Lewis test, the latter being directed to alternatives where λ( t ) is increasing.
Conservation Laws for Classical and Relativistic Collisions II.

On the basis of elementary symmetry arguments it is shown that (1) if in classical mechanics there exists a quantity λ+Σiμiυi+1/2νυ2 that is conserved, where λ,μi, andν are particle parameters, then theμi andν are all proportional to a single parameterμ and the quantityAμ+ΣiBiμυi+C(λ+ 1/2Dμυ2), whereD ≡ν/μ, is conserved for all values ofA, Bi, andC; (2) if in relativistic mechanics there exists a quantity λ+Σiμiυi[1−(υ2/c2)]−1/2+νc[1−(υ2/c2)]−1/2 that is conserved, then theμi andν are all proportional to a single parameterμ and the quantityAλ+ΣiBiμνi[1−(υ2/c2)]−1/2+Cμc [1−(υ2/c2)]−1/2 is conserved for all values ofA, Bi, andC.
Polyethism and the adaptiveness of worker size variation in the attine ant Trachymyrmex septentrionalis

Division of labor was studied in colonies from Long Island and Florida populations of the fungus-gardening antTrachymyrmex septentrionalis. Workers showed age polyethism and a weak size polyethism, and these patterns of division of labor were not different in colonies from the two populations. Individual workers had repertoires comprised of three to five roles but tended to concentrate their labor within a single role. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that worker polymorphism and the elaboration of size-related behavior in the attine ants evolved along with the use of fresh vegetation as the fungal substrate. The data do not support the hypothesis that size variation in colonies ofT. septentrionalis evolved to promote efficient division of labor. Division of labor within the worker caste is based mainly on age and appears to be an attribute of the species rather than an adaptation to a particular habitat.
Treatment of ovarian cancer with a novel dual targeted conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd).

Abstract Objectives Current virotherapy strategies for ovarian cancer have been hampered by limitations in target cell infectivity and nonspecific tissue replication. In an effort to circumvent these limitations, we evaluated various CRAds modified to incorporate novel capsid targeting motifs (RGD and chimeric Ad5/3) with a novel tissue-specific promoter (CXCR4). Methods Two novel CRAds (Ad5-CXCR4-F5/3 and Ad5-CXCR4-RGD) were constructed via homologous recombination and verified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The infectivity and viral replication rates of these two CRAds were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) in cell line experiments using three ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3.ip1, Hey, and OV4) and compared to that achieved with a clinical grade CRAd (Δ24-RGD) to be evaluated in a Phase I trial. Cytocidal effects were determined by crystal violet staining in these same cell lines infected with different concentrations of viral particles per cell (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 500). Additionally, viral replication was evaluated by QRT-PCR in primary ovarian cancer tissue slices from multiple patients with ovarian cancer as well as in primary human normal liver tissue slices in order to establish CRAd selectivity. All experiments incorporated appropriate controls and repeated in triplicate. Results Compared to RGD-capsid CRAds (Δ24-RGD and CXCR4-RGD), the F5/3-capsid CRAd (CXCR4-F5/3) demonstrated significant improvements in infection rates ( p =0.025, 0.006, and 0.006) in all ovarian cancer cell lines tested (SKOV3.ip1, Hey, and OV4, respectively). In addition to improved transduction of virus into the cells, the TSP CXCR4-based CRAds demonstrated improved viral replication. Specifically, CXCR4-F5/3 further enhanced viral replication 89-fold ( p =0.009, 0.010, 0.003) in the same cancer cell lines. Furthermore, CXCR4-F5/3 showed a 4-log improvement in oncolytic potential over Δ24-RGD. In the ex vivo primary ovarian tissue slices, CXCR4-F5/3 showed a 58-fold improvement in viral replication ( p =0.005) compared to the clinical grade Δ24-RGD. Both CXCR4-F5/3 and CXCR4-RGD demonstrated significant reduction of viral replication in normal liver slices ( p =0.001). Conclusions These data suggest that a dual targeted approach is feasible for the combined enhancement of infectivity and replication in ovarian cancer with a specificity that was attenuated in normal liver tissues. In fact, CXCR4-F5/3 outperformed our best CRAd agent to date nearly 60-fold in our most stringent ex vivo model of primary ovarian cancer tissue slices and suggests that this novel agent could be useful for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Optical properties of clad and unclad sapphire fiber

Single-crystal sapphire fibers have been grown, using the laser heated pedestal technique, with losses as low as 0.7 dB/m and with lengths up to 150 cm. We have applied polymer and sol- gel coatings to the fibers and we have evaluated the performance of these coatings as optical cladding. The best coating seems to be teflon AF even though the coatings are reasonably thin and low temperature.
Reductive decomposition of a diazonium intermediate by dithiothreitol affects the determination of NOS turnover rates.

Abstract Accurate determination of nitrite either as such or as the breakdown product of nitric oxide (NO) is critical in a host of enzymatic reactions in various settings addressing structure–function relationships, as well as mechanisms and kinetics of molecular operation of enzymes. The most common way to quantify nitrite, for instance in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mechanistic investigations, is the spectrophotometric assay based on the Griess reaction through external standard calibration. This assay is based on a two-step diazotization reaction, in which a cationic diazonium derivative of sulfanilamide is formed as intermediate before the final absorbing azo-product. We show that this intermediate is very sensitive to reducing agents that may be transferred from the reaction media under investigation. The interaction of this vital intermediate with the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), which is widely used in NOS reactions, is characterized by both electrochemical and spectroscopic means. The effect of DTT on the performance of external calibration, both in sample recovery studies and in actual NOS reactions, is presented. Finally an alternative method of standard additions, which partially compensates for the accuracy and sensitivity problems of external calibration, is proposed and discussed.
Topographical rearrangement of acetylcholine receptors alters channel kinetics

Plasma membranes are dynamic structures of proteins and lipids. Protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions within the membrane are believed to have important roles in many membrane functions, including ion transport, enzyme activity and signal reception. The acetylcholine (ACh) receptor-channel complex in skeletal muscle membrane is one of the best known integral membrane proteins. Its ion transport function is accessible to direct measurement at the single-channel level by the use of the 'giga-seal' patch recording technique. Here we used an in situ electrophoresis technique to rearrange the topography of pre-existing ACh receptor-channels in the muscle membrane, and measured the single-channel kinetics of ACh-activated channels in two different molecular environments within the membrane: those in the diffusely distributed region and those in the ACh receptor clusters induced by the applied field. We found that the channel kinetics are significantly prolonged in the ACh receptor cluster compared with the non-clustered region of the same cell. This result strongly supports the notion that the function of a membrane ionic channel depends on the local molecular environment.
Survival in Elderly Patients Supported With Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device as Bridge to Transplantation or Destination Therapy

Abstract Background Published data on mechanical circulatory support for elderly patients in continuous flow devices are sparse and suggest relatively poor survival. This study investigated whether LVADs can be implanted in selected patients over the age of 65 years with acceptable survival compared with published outcomes. Methods and Results A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted in 64 consecutive patients ≥65 years of age implanted with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) as either bridge to transplantation or destination therapy from August 2005 to January 2012. Baseline laboratory and hemodynamic characteristics and follow-up data were obtained. Median survival was 1,090 days. Survival was 85%, 74%, 55%, and 45% at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Our cohort had a baseline mean Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) score of 2.6 ± 0.9. Observed survival was significantly better than SHFM-predicted medical survival. Stratification by age subsets, renal function, SHFM, implantation intention, or etiology did not reveal significant differences in survival. The most common cause of death was sepsis and nonlethalcomplication was bleeding. Conclusions Our experience with patients over the age of 65 receiving CF-LVADs suggests that this group demonstrates excellent survival. Further research is needed to discern the specific criteria for risk stratification for LVAD support in the elderly.
Association of polyomavirus middle tumor antigen with 14-3-3 proteins

To carry out its transformation function, the middle tumor antigen (MT) of murine polyomavirus associates with a number of cellular proteins involved in regulation of cell proliferation, including pp60c-Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein phosphatase 2A, Src homologous and collagen protein and growth factor receptor-binding protein 2. Here, two additional MT-associated proteins were identified as members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins. Yeast homologs of 14-3-3 proteins have recently been shown to play a role in the timing of mitosis. Thus, regulation of 14-3-3 protein function by MT may contribute to the development of neoplasia.
Olmec Settlement Data from La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico

Research at La Venta, a major Olmec center on a low salt dome 12 kilometers from the Gulf Coast has revealed evidence of initial occupation (about 1750 to 1400 B.C.) along levees of the silted-in Rio Bari, north of the site core in a transitional estuarine-riverine environment. Between 1400 and 1150 B.C. settlement expanded to nearby La Venta itself, which between 1150 and 800 B.C. developed into a major temple-town complex. Local development peaked at La Venta and along the river levees between 800 and 500 B.C. In this span La Venta headed a local three-tiered site hierarchy as social distinctions expanded to the peripheral Rio Bari sites. New excavations show that growth in population size and density at La Venta preceded the development of sociopolitical complexity. These data contradict the traditional organizational reconstruction of Olmec society, the "vacant ceremonial center" model, and provide qualified support for a model that presents riverine resource concentration as a significant factor in the evolution of Olmec civilization.
Viral infection of the aorta of man associated with early atherosclerotic changes.

Abstract A 19-year-old young man who died of viral cardiomyopathy had positive staining of the myocardium, kidney, pancreas, and aorta with immunofluorescent antibodies for Coxsackie B 4 virus. The aorta was found to have an accumulation of lipid material in cells of the intima. The lipid deposits were located electron microscopically in fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. It is suggested that viral infections, so common in man, may produce local sites of arterial injury which later result in the scars and lipid, calcium, and other deposits which represent the well-known lesions of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. These scars and late lesions must have a beginning, and from the manifestations of immunofluorescent antibodies, histopathologic, and electron microscopic findings in the aorta of the patient described here, as well as from the clinical data, it is suggested that Coxsackie B 4 virus may initiate atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in man.
Integrative molecular concept modeling of prostate cancer progression

Despite efforts to profile prostate cancer, the genetic alterations and biological processes that correlate with the observed histological progression are unclear. Using laser-capture microdissection to isolate 101 cell populations, we have profiled prostate cancer progression from benign epithelium to metastatic disease. By analyzing expression signatures in the context of over 14,000 'molecular concepts', or sets of biologically connected genes, we generated an integrative model of progression. Molecular concepts that demarcate critical transitions in progression include protein biosynthesis, E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family transcriptional targets, androgen signaling and cell proliferation. Of note, relative to low-grade prostate cancer (Gleason pattern 3), high-grade cancer (Gleason pattern 4) shows an attenuated androgen signaling signature, similar to metastatic prostate cancer, which may reflect dedifferentiation and explain the clinical association of grade with prognosis. Taken together, these data show that analyzing gene expression signatures in the context of a compendium of molecular concepts is useful in understanding cancer biology.
Gamma-Ray Angular Correlation Tests for Time-Reversal Invariance in Nuclear Forces

A systematic method for constructing tests of timereversal invariance in nuclear forces by means of gamma-ray angular correlations is described. The transition supplying the test consists of a mixed multipole; it must be preceded by a polarizer to produce a nuclear orientation and (in all but one case) followed by a second photon which serves as an analyzer of the final nuclear orientation. The exception is a test in which one detects the linear polarization and direction of a quantum from a nucleus with initial orientation of third degree. A general formula for the direction of a single photon with arbitrary polarization and involving an arbitrary orientation of both the initial and final nuclear states is presented. Expressions of this type have the advantage that individual ones can be combined together in a simple way to form an arbitrary correlation formula. This is carried through numerically in one case for beta-gammagamma direction correlation, where the first photon is mixed E2 and M1. It is shown that such measurements must be carried out to 1 or 2% in order to better the present limit of our knowledge concerning timereversal invariance. (auth)
Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit

The most critically ill patients in the hospital are located in the ICU. Due to intensive individualized care and monitoring, these patients often suffer from severe sleep deprivation. The amount and continuity of sleep as well as normal sleep architecture are all affected. Moreover, by impairing protein synthesis, cell division, and cellular immunity, sleep deprivation can affect the healing process and thus contribute to an increased morbidity and mortality. Reasons for sleep deprivation appear to be multifactorial and include the following: the patient's chronic underlying illness, an acute superimposed illness or surgical procedure, medications used in treatment of the primary illness, and the ICU environment itself. Therapeutic interventions need to address each of these potential causes, with an emphasis placed on providing an environment that is both diurnal and focused on the importance of uninterrupted sleep.
Groups generated by analytic Schrödinger operators

If the potential in a two-particle system is the boundary value of an analytic function, the physical Hamiltonian H(0) has an analytic continuation H(φ) which is not normal. In case the potential is local and belongs to suitable Lp-spaces, there is a bounded operator P(0, φ) projecting onto the continuous subspace of H(φ). This paper shows that P(0, φ) H(φ) e−2iφ generates a strongly differentiable group. It is proved that P(0, φ) H(φ) is spectral, and details of the spectral projection operators are presented. The reasoning is based on the Paley-Wiener theorem for functions in a strip. It applies to larger systems provided the resolvent of the multiparticle operator H(φ) satisfies certain regularity conditions that come from the theory of smooth operators. There are no smallness conditions on the potential.
Effects of chlorpromazine and pentobarbital on pattern and number of responses in extinction.

In a series of experiments rats were trained and subsequently extinguished under different conditions of drug administration. High doses of chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg) or pentobarbital (20 mg/kg) were administered during the first extinction session and the dose was progressively reduced to zero over 10 successive sessions. Extinction was continued until all Ss had consistent near zero responding. When compared to saline control, chlorpromazine had no effect on total extinction responding, while pentobarbital significantly reduced total extinction responding. Ss receiving both drugs had erratic runs of responding in extinction, whereas Ss receiving saline showed a normal extinction pattern. Ss receiving pentobarbital during both training and extinction had more total extinction responding than Ss receiving only pentobarbital in extinction.
Computing property variability of polycrystals induced by grain size and orientation uncertainties

Multiscale computational methods that link microscale models to macro-properties have practical significance. It is difficult to obtain probability distribution functions (PDFs) that provide a complete representation of microstructural variability in three-dimensional polycrystalline materials using limited information since this inverse problem is highly ill-posed. We use the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle to compute a PDF of microstructures based on given information about a microstructural system. Microstructural features are incorporated into the maximum entropy framework using data obtained from experiments or simulations. Microstructures are sampled from the computed MaxEnt PDF using concepts from computational geometry and Voronoi cell tessellations. These microstructures are then interrogated in virtual deformation tests, and by using homogenization techniques the variability of non-linear macro-properties is computed.
Comparative safety and efficacy of attenuated single-strain and multi-strain vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of single-strain and multi-strain vaccines for the prevention of the respiratory facet of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. The study comprised six groups of pigs (A through F, eight pigs per group). At the beginning of the study (Day 0) Groups C and D were vaccinated with a single-strain vaccine, and Groups E and F were vaccinated with a multi-strain vaccine. The multi-strain vaccine contained five attenuated strains of PRRSV including the strain used as the single-strain vaccine. On Day 28 Groups B (nonvaccinated/challenged control), D, and F were challenged with a highly virulent field strain of PRRSV that was unrelated to any of the strains used for vaccination. Group A was kept as a nonvaccinated/nonchallenged control. On Day 42 all pigs were necropsied. Their lungs and lymph nodes were examined for virus-induced changes. Serum samples obtained at weekly intervals during the study and lung lavage fluids obtained at necropsy were tested for the presence and titer of PRRSV. Serum samples were also tested for antibody. The presence and severity of clinical signs and lesions were the primary means by which vaccine efficacy and safety were evaluated. Both vaccines provided a high level of protective immunity to challenge. However, appreciable lymph node enlargement in pigs vaccinated with multi-strain vaccine, with or without subsequent challenge, raised a question as to its safety. Collectively these results indicate that both single-strain and multi-strain attenuated PRRSV vaccines can be effective immunogens, but additional studies in regard to safety are needed before multi-strain vaccines can be recommended for routine field use.
Sports and Disability

Participation in recreational and competitive sports at an early age has long been touted as a positive influence on growth and development, and for fostering lifelong healthy lifestyles. The benefits of an active lifestyle include not only fitness, but the promotion of a sense of inclusion and improved self-esteem. These benefits are well documented in all populations, and their importance has been summarized in the recent Healthy People 2010 guidelines. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently produced a summary statement on the benefits of activity for disabled children. They note that children with disabilities tend to have an overall lower level of fitness and an increased level of obesity. For this population, developing a lifelong desire to be active can be a simple means for limiting illness and much of the morbidity associated with sedentary lifestyles often associated with disability. For disabled youth, participation in disabled sports programs available nationally and internationally can be an effective means to promote such precepts. The goal of this focused review is to improve the learner's knowledge of the positive impact that active lifestyles can have on overall health in the disabled youth population and, as a result, modify their practice by incorporating recreational and competitive sport activities as part of improving overall patient care.
Laser Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool for In Situ Mineralogical Analyses on the Seafloor

In situ sensors capable of real-time measurements and analyses in the deep ocean are necessary to fulfill the potential created by the development of deep-sea platforms such as AUVs and cabled observatories. Laser Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique which is capable of in situ molecular identification of solids, liquids and gases, and is well suited to extreme environments. At present, it is not possible to identify the chemical composition of minerals in situ. Raman spectroscopy has been used successfully for mineral identification in the laboratory. The development of a sea-going Raman system capable of deployment on an ocean observatory or AUV will allow in situ analyses of minerals that are deposited and precipitated at hydrothermal vent and other seafloor sites. This will provide insights into processes occurring in the subsurface which affect ocean chemistry. This paper presents both sea-going and laboratory Raman data of a variety of minerals found in the deep ocean, and instrument parameter issues for a sea-going system optimized for in situ mineralogical analyses on the seafloor.
Persistence of foreign innervation on reinnervated goldfish extraocular muscles

Behavioral observations have suggested that the function of foreign synapses on goldfish extraocular muscles can be repressed after reinnervation by the original nerve without any ultrastructural alterations. The present experiments demonstrate that even after behavioral repression foreign synapses are physiologically functionl and that the original and foreign nerves can simultaneously innervate goldfish extraocular muscles.
INTERMEDIATE COUPLING IN THE ASYMMETRIC ROTATOR MODEL

Abstract The asymmetric rotator model of Davydov and Filippov for maximum asymmetry ( γ = 30°) has been extended to odd-mass nuclei by coupling the odd nucleon to the deformed equilibrium shape of the even-mass nucleat core. Intermediate coupling is considered where the odd nucleon has available to it s 1 2 and d 3 2 single particle states. It is shown that the interaction matrix elements connecting the 0 + ground state and 2 + first excited state of the even-mass core are identical with those obtained with the vibrational model. Hence for weak or intermediate coupling, there is little difference between the asymmetric rotator model and the vibrational model. As the coupling becomes strong, it is practical to follow the transition to the strong coupling limit with the asymmetric rotator model whereas this is not practical in general with the vibrational model. Expressions for the magnetic dipole moment and the M1 and E2 transition probabilities are derived for states of the coupled system of the odd-mass nuclei. Important interference effects are found in the B (E2) expression and the B (E2) values are found to be sensitive to the coupling strength. Calculations are made for these quantities for vaious parameter values which enter into the model. Data for several odd-neutron nuclei (Sn 117 , Sn 119 , Te 123 , Te 125 and Xe 129 ) are then interpreted in terms of the model. There is enough freedom in the choice of parameters to ensure that the theoretical results and experimental data are not inconsistent in most cases. However, serious inconsistencies in the cases Sn 119 and Te 123 show that the model of the asymmetric rotator is not nearly as successful for odd-mass nuclei as it was for even-mass nuclei. This raises the interesting question whether the vibrational model with strong coupling can overcome these inconsistencies, or whether the coupling term in the Hamiltonian needs to be modified: perhaps by an additional interaction term of the form J · j employed by Davydov, where J and j are the core and odd nucleon angular momenta, respectively.
An automatic, refrigerated, sequential precipitation sampler

Abstract The design and characteristics of an automated, refrigerated, sequential precipitation sampler are described. This sampler can collect rainfall on an event basis or as sequential segments within a rain event. Samples are sealed upon collection to prevent gas exchange and are refrigerated in situ at 4 ± 2°C. This sampler is commercially available.
A field release of genetically engineered gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV).

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus was genetically engineered for nonpersistence by removal of the gene coding for polyhedrin production and stabilized using a coocclusion process. A beta-galactosidase marker gene was inserted into the genetically engineered virus (LdGEV) so that infected larvae could be tested for its presence using a colorimetric assay. In 1993, LdGEV-infected gypsy moths were released in a forested plot in Massachusetts to test for spread and persistence. A similar forested plot 2 km away served as a control. For 3 years (1993-1995), gypsy moths were established in the two plots in Massachusetts to serve as test and control populations. Each week, larvae were collected from both plots. These field-collected larvae were reared individually, checked for mortality, and then tested for the presence of beta-galactosidase. Other gypsy moth larvae were confined on LdGEV-contaminated foliage for 1 week and then treated as the field-collected larvae. The LdGEV was sought in bark, litter, and soil samples collected from each plot. To verify the presence of the LdGEV, polymerase chain reaction, slot blot DNA hybridization, and restriction enzyme analysis were also used on larval samples. Field-collected larvae infected with the engineered virus were recovered in the release plot in 1993, but not in subsequent years; no field-collected larvae from the control plot contained the engineered virus. Larvae confined on LdGEV-contaminated foliage were killed by the virus. No LdGEV was recovered from bark, litter, or soil samples from either of the plots.
Gasoline Sniffing, Lead Poisoning, and Myoclonus

REPEATED intoxication by prolonged and deliberate inhalation of leaded gasoline vapors (gasoline sniffing) has been described and reviewed.1,2Lead encephalopathy associated with gasoline sniffing has rarely been reported. This case report illustrates the dangers of prolonged inhalation of leaded gasoline vapors, with resultant organic lead poisoning. Report of a Case A 27-year-old man was brought to the emergency room because he had been unable to eat and care for himself. According to a neighbor, the patient's affect had been inappropriate during the previous two months, and he had been observed experiencing sudden, quick, jerking movements throughout his body. There was a history of drug abuse. The patient was thin, well developed, and afebrile. His vital signs were normal. He was agitated and actively hallucinating, with lapses of attention, intermittent stupor, and generalized myoclonus precipitated by sensory stimulation and intentional movement. As the myoclonus improved, dysmetria of all extremities and
Managing Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Optimizing Treatment Options: Prognosis of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Survival in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension has improved, but outcomes are still suboptimal. Therapeutic focus must shift from short-term functional changes to improvements in long-term outcomes. Several outcome predictors, both at baseline and on therapy, offer guidance for clinicians treating pulmonary artery hypertension.
Optimal Controller with Constrained Computation Time

This paper develops a model for time constrained operation of a linear controller implemented in a systolic array. The controller has a fixed number of cycles to produce the results. The constraint in the computation time is included in the formulation of a generalized quadratic optimization problem. The solution is explicitely determined. Particular applications to the system approximation problem are discussed in detail.
On the reliability of simulated Arctic sea ice in global climate models

[1] While most of the global climate models (GCMs) currently being evaluated for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report simulate present-day Arctic sea ice in reasonably good agreement with observations, the intermodel differences in simulated Arctic cloud cover are large and produce significant differences in downwelling longwave radiation. Using the standard thermodynamic models of sea ice, we find that the GCM-generated spread in longwave radiation produces equilibrium ice thicknesses that range from 1 to more than 10 meters. However, equilibrium ice thickness is an extremely sensitive function of the ice albedo, allowing errors in simulated cloud cover to be compensated by tuning of the ice albedo. This analysis suggests that the results of current GCMs cannot be relied upon at face value for credible predictions of future Arctic sea ice.
A nonlinear convolution model for the evasion of CO2 injected into the deep ocean

[1] Deep ocean storage of CO2 captured from, for example, flue gases is being considered as a potential response option to global warming concerns. For storage to be effective, CO2 injected into the deep ocean must remain sequestered from the atmosphere for a long time. However, a fraction of CO2 injected into the deep ocean is expected to eventually evade into the atmosphere. This fraction is expected to depend on the time since injection, the location of injection, and the future atmospheric concentration of CO2. We approximate the evasion of injected CO2 at specific locations using a nonlinear convolution model including explicitly the nonlinear response of CO2 solubility to future CO2 concentration and alkalinity and Green's functions for the transport of CO2 from injection locations to the ocean surface as well as alkalinity response to seafloor CaCO3 dissolution. Green's functions are calculated from the results of a three-dimensional model for ocean carbon cycle for impulses of CO2 either released to the atmosphere or injected a locations deep in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. CO2 transport in the three-dimensional (3-D) model is governed by offline tracer transport in the ocean interior, exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere, and dissolution of ocean sediments. The convolution model is found to accurately approximate results of the 3-D model in test cases including both deep-ocean injection and sediment dissolution. The convolution model allows comparison of the CO2 evasion delay achieved by deep ocean injection with notional scenarios for CO2 stabilization and the time extent of the fossil fuel era.
Genetic mapping of Ir locus in man: linkage to second locus of HL-A.

Fifty-seven members of a family that spanned three generations were studied for antigen E and ragweed skin sensitivity and HL-A antigens. There was significant association between the haplotype HL-A 2-12 and antigen E skin hypersensitivity (F = .22 to .26) in this family. The map order is first locus of HL-A, second locus of HL-A, and IrE. These determinants are considered to be part of the linkage group HL-1.