cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Susceptibility of a Sintered Rod of α MnS

The magnetic susceptibility of a sintered sample of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{MnS}$ was measured from 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 550\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by an absolute Gouy method. The extrapolated susceptibility at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K was approximately equal to $\frac{7}{10}$ the maximum susceptibility at the N\'eel point (154\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K). It was not possible to fit the data above the N\'eel point with a unique set of Weiss-Curie constants, probably due to the persistence of short-range ordering effects above the N\'eel temperature. Upon using the recent Wojtowicz application of the Ising-Bethe theory, a unique set of constants, $\frac{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{J}}{k}=\ensuremath{-}100.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K and ${C}_{M}=3.57$, fitted the data satisfactorily between 175\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 550\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A diamagnetic correction of 58\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ per mole was applied to the data before calculating the above values. Above the N\'eel point the susceptibility of the sintered specimen was less than the susceptibility of a powder sample by a factor which was too large to be explained in terms of the standard correction for powders or by differences in geometry. Multiple maxima in the susceptibility which were outside the range of experimental error were noted at 144\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 151\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 157\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and 167\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. When considered in conjunction with the specific heat anomalies previously detected at 139\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 147\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, it is suggested that a change in either spin ordering or crystal structure occurs in this temperature region and is responsible for the irregular susceptibility behavior.
Determination of cadmium in sewage sludge by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.

Abstract A procedure was developed for the determination of cadmium in sewage sludge by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. A sodium peroxide fusion carried out in zirconium crucibles was found to give satisfactory results, based on analysis of standard reference materials. Samples collected from the municipal sludge lagoon in Fort Wayne, Indiana were found to have cadmium abundances ranging from 120 to 250 ppm, with most samples falling in the 120 to 170 ppm range. Interference from zinc is easily eliminated by carrying out the deposition step at −0.95 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Lead-to-cadmium ratios as high as 50:1 (ppm basis) have no effect on the height of the cadmium peak.
H∞ Optimal Repetitive Controller Design for Stable Plants

The repetitive controller design problem is studied for stable plants in the framework of the H∞ optimal control. For a given nominal repetitive controller, first stability robustness is optimized by solving a finite dimensional H∞ control problem. Then the nominal design is modified in an optimal way so that the performance is improved while keeping the robustness level approximately: the same. This problem is formulated as a two block H∞ problem involving a delay system and two weighting functions. The resulting controller can be implemented by adding a few blocks to the existing nominal design. An example is given to illustrate the numerical aspects of this approach.
Acute Neonatal Lung Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension: Inhaled Nitric Oxide Decreases the Probability of Developing an Oxygenation Index Greater than 40 † 1488

A prospective, randomized, controlled study was performed to determine whether inhaled nitric oxide (INO) will prevent newborns with acute lung disease (excluding lung hypoplasia) and pulmonary hypertension from developing an oxygenation index (OI) > 40. Newborns with clinical or Doppler evidence of pulmonary hypertension and an OI of 25-40 were randomized to treatment with 20 parts per million (ppm) INO (n = 15) or conventional therapy alone (n = 15). Controls were treated with INO if they developed an OI > 40. There were no differences in baseline arterial blood gases and Doppler measurements between patients treated with INO and controls. PaO2, OI, and the proportion of right-to-left ductal shunt (R/R+L) at baseline and after 30-60 minutes of observation are shown below (mean ± SEM; * p 40 (p = 0.02, Fisher test). Only 2 of these patients failed to develop and maintain an OI 40.
MORPHOGENESIS AND DIVISION IN CHAINS OF TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS GL.

SYNOPSIS. The formation of chains was induced both in exponentially growing and in synchronized cultures of Tetrahymena Pyriformis GL, by application of one or two hr 34°C shocks. An arrest in constriction along the division furrow is brought about as a result of prolonged exposure to 34° during an early phase of cell division. After return to optimal temperatures, the chains remain in their original tandem configuration. They possess two sets of cortical structures, and generally also two macronuclei. Subsequently, two new oral primordia appear, one in each component. These primordia develop in synchrony with each other. The later development of the chains is correlated with the placement of the oral primordia. In some situations, these primordia form immediately posterior to the pre-existing oral areas and replace them; in these cases, the original division furrow is obliterated, and irregular and probably unstable homopolar doublets form. More frequently, one or both of the oral primordia are normal division primordia. In these cases, the original oral area of the anterior component persists, while that of the posterior component is resorbed. The original fission line persists, and two new fission lines are formed anterior to each of the new oral primordia. When constriction takes place along the new fission lines, the original arrested fission line is occasionally reactivated, and the chain then divides into four cells. More often, the original furrow is not reactivated (or only incompletely reactivated), and the chain divides into two or three cells, depending on how close the two new division furrows are to each other. The chains ultimately give rise to normal clones of singlet cells. No clones of doublets were observed. In the Discussion, the synchronization of developmental events in the two components of the chain is emphasized. The cases of reactivation of the original fission line in synchrony with constriction along the newly formed fission lines seem to indicate that furrowing results from an interaction of a preformed cortical site (fission line) with a pervasive substance which acts to trigger constriction.
Real-time topometric localization

Autonomous vehicles must be capable of localizing even in GPS denied situations. In this paper, we propose a real-time method to localize a vehicle along a route using visual imagery or range information. Our approach is an implementation of topometric localization, which combines the robustness of topological localization with the geometric accuracy of metric methods. We construct a map by navigating the route using a GPS-equipped vehicle and building a compact database of simple visual and 3D features. We then localize using a Bayesian filter to match sequences of visual or range measurements to the database. The algorithm is reliable across wide environmental changes, including lighting differences, seasonal variations, and occlusions, achieving an average localization accuracy of 1 m over an 8 km route. The method converges correctly even with wrong initial position estimates solving the kidnapped robot problem.
Theory of gravitational perturbations in the fast motion approximation

Abstract The Green's function method, classical for a linear wave equation, is generalized to a nonlinear field theory and, specifically, to general relativity. The general structure of a Lorentz-invariant perturbation expansion in terms of the gravitational constant is studied. It is found that the n th order contribution can be expressed with the help of a set of generalized Green's functions, depending on n events on the “sources” and the event at which the field is wanted. The ‘sources” include not only the ordinary matter, but also the initial conditions which are prescribed to the metric field to determine it uniquely. The generalized Green's functions are studied with the help of a graphical representation which makes clear how the nonlinearity of the equations affects the propagation of grativational action. Its “scattering” by the sources and by the field itself produces the result that every event inside the light cone may contribute to the force on a particle at its vertex; the equations of motion have therefore an integro-differential structure. The general formalism is applied to the second approximation; the equations of motion, with an accuracy up to the second order, and the relevant generalized Green's function are computed.
Corrigendum to "Toroidal and Klein bottle boundary slopes" [Topology Appl. 154 (3) (2007) 584-603]

Abstract Let M be a compact, connected, orientable, irreducible 3-manifold and T 0 an incompressible torus boundary component of M such that the pair ( M , T 0 ) is not cabled. In the paper “Toroidal and Klein bottle boundary slopes” (2007) [5] by the author it was established that for any K -incompressible tori F 1 , F 2 in ( M , T 0 ) which intersect in graphs G F i = F i ∩ F j ⊂ F i , { i , j } = { 1 , 2 } , the maximal number of mutually parallel, consecutive, negative edges that may appear in G F i is n j + 1 , where n j = | ∂ F j | . In this paper we show that the correct such bound is n j + 2 , give a partial classification of the pairs ( M , T 0 ) where the bound n j + 2 is reached, and show that if Δ ( ∂ F 1 , ∂ F 2 ) ⩾ 6 then the bound n j + 2 cannot be reached; this latter fact allows for the short proof of the classification of the pairs ( M , T 0 ) with M a hyperbolic 3-manifold and Δ ( ∂ F 1 , ∂ F 2 ) ⩾ 6 to work without change as outlined in Valdez-Sanchez (2007) [5] .
Proximate industrial activity and psychological distress

This paper examines the role that gender, occupational status, and family status play in moderating the effect of industrial activity on the psychological well-being of nearby residents. Using a unique spatial assessment of industrial activity and an environmental risk/social stressor framework in conjunction with individual-level data from the Detroit Area Study (DAS) and demographic data from the U.S. census, we find that residents of neighborhoods in close proximity to industrial activity report elevated levels of psychological distress compared to residents of neighborhoods removed from this type of activity. These influences are more pronounced among women but gender differences are also contingent upon occupational and family statuses. We show that specific combinations of work and family statuses make persons particularly vulnerable to the influence of this environmental stressor and women are two and a half times more likely than men to have these vulnerable statuses. This study makes an important contribution to the environmental health literature because it reminds researchers of the fundamental influence of social roles when examining the link between environmental risks and mental health.
ACAR: Adaptive Connectivity Aware Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks in City Scenarios

Multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle communication is useful for supporting many vehicular applications that provide drivers with safety and convenience. Developing multi-hop communication in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) is a challenging problem due to the rapidly changing topology and frequent network disconnections, which cause failure or inefficiency in traditional ad hoc routing protocols. We propose an adaptive connectivity aware routing (ACAR) protocol that addresses these problems by adaptively selecting an optimal route with the best network transmission quality based on statistical and real-time density data that are gathered through an on-the-fly density collection process. The protocol consists of two parts: 1) select an optimal route, consisting of road segments, with the best estimated transmission quality, and 2) in each road segment of the chosen route, select the most efficient multi-hop path that will improve the delivery ratio and throughput. The optimal route is selected using our transmission quality model that takes into account vehicle densities and traffic light periods to estimate the probability of network connectivity and data delivery ratio for transmitting packets. Our simulation results show that the proposed ACAR protocol outperforms existing VANET routing protocols in terms of data delivery ratio, throughput and data packet delay. Since the proposed model is not constrained by network densities, the ACAR protocol is suitable for both daytime and nighttime city VANET scenarios.
Longitudinal study of negative workplace events among employed rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls

Objective Most studies of employment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have focused on job loss. Less is known about workplace events in patients who continued to work. The goal of this longitudinal study was to compare the incidence of negative workplace events between employed patients with RA and healthy controls. Methods Participants completed the work domains of the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview Life Events Scale and the Inventory of Small Life Events Scale measuring major and minor workplace events. Events were compared between groups according to psychosocial, clinical, and job characteristics. Results A total of 122 patients with RA and 122 healthy controls were enrolled with similar demographic and occupational characteristics. There were no differences in percentages of patients and controls who had at least 1 major (35% versus 31%) or 1 minor (48% versus 55%) negative event. For patients with RA, negative events were associated with having more pain, more fatigue, more social stress, and less job autonomy (P ≤ 0.05). For controls, in addition to social stress, negative events were associated with job characteristics, functional status, and social support (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion A comparable number of patients with RA and controls had negative workplace events. In addition to the well-known contributions of job autonomy and pain, social stress and fatigue also were found to be important variables related to negative events in patients with RA. These potentially modifiable variables have not been fully evaluated with respect to long-term employment in these patients.
Microstructure, microchemistry and the development of very high Nb/sub 3/Sn layer critical current density

The non-Cu critical current density, J/sub c/, in engineering quality Nb/sub 3/Sn strand has increased beyond 3000 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T 4.2 K. Strand of this type, fabricated by a rod-in-tube technique using Nb-Ta alloy has been used by the Superconducting Magnet Group at LBNL to successfully fabricate a 16 T (4.2 K) dipole accelerator magnet. The grain size of this strand has been measured across the A15 layer and was found to be small (130 nm diameter) and homogeneous in morphology and size. This is despite a broad A15 layer thickness of 10 to 20 /spl mu/m. We have also measured the Sn concentration across A15 layers in this and two other high J/sub c/ strands. Although the Sn concentration in the A15 layers adjacent to the original Sn source were similarly high (/spl sim/24.5 at.%Sn) for all strands, the decline in Sn concentration across the A15 layer was markedly different. We found that the gradient in Sn concentration across the layer was reduced by higher temperature heat treatment. However the benefit to high field J/sub c/ of an improved overall irreversibility field, H/sup */, due to better A15 stoichiometry, is offset by the larger grain size produced at higher temperature and thus a lower density of flux pinning sites.
An Intelligent VME-Based CAMAC Crate Controller

A VME-resident Camac crate controller is described which maps all Camac functions into the address space of a 68000 microprocessor. The controller also contains a VME bus requester, thus allowing it to contribute Camac data, completely formatted, to a global event buffer.
Stability analysis of a continuous flow stirred tank reactor with consecutive reactions

The stability of a continuous flow stirred tank reactor with consecutive chemical reactions A→B→C was investigated here for the first time. The system equations were integrated numerically, and parts of the three-dimensional phase space were generated for systems having one and three steady states, respectively. The surface separatrix was determined by trajectory plotting after extensive computation. The system was also analyzed by Liapunov's second method. Krasovskii's form was used to generate Liapunov functions which proved to be satisfactory but extremely conservative in the estimation of the largest possible regions of asymptotic stability.
Portfolio Assessment and Use: Navigating Uncharted Territory:

Using teaching portfolios in preservice special education programs as an alternative to formal measurement methods is a relatively new process. Reform advocates have called for more authentic measures of teaching performance, particularly at the preservice level when potential special educators are gaining new views new views of their accomplishments. The purpose of this article is to present the outcomes of a fifteen- month project to integrate portfolios in one undergraduate special education preparation program. The process of defining portfolios, how they will be used, the process of evaluation of portfolios, and the benefits of portfolio use will be presented, along with recommendations for future research on the efficacy of portfolios.
Simple mimetics of a nuclear localization signal (NLS).

Molecular modeling was used to design mimetics of the HIV-1 matrix protein nuclear localization signal (NLS) in which a scaffold of two resorcinol units joined by a diamide linker presents 3-aminopropyl ethers in place of lysine side chains. Prospective mimetics with linkers of 6, 8, 10, or 12 atoms were synthesized and compared in a competition assay for binding to the nuclear import receptor subunit karyopherin α, showing the 10-atom linker to be best and shorter ones ineffective.
CRM: Profiting from understanding customer needs

he essence of customer relationship management(CRM) is understanding customer needs andleveraging that knowledge to improve a com-pany’s long-term profitability. When successfully deployed,CRM can have a dramatic effect on bottom-line perform-ance. In a span of 18 months, Lowe’s Home ImprovementWarehouse achieved a 265 percent ROI on its $11 millionCRM investment. Virgin Wines achieved a 12 percent cus-tomer conversion rate (the percentage of customer visits toits website that resulted in sales) compared to a 4 percentrate before adopting the program. These examples clearlydemonstrate CRM’s potential. Despite these impressive achievements, however, the Gart-ner Group estimates that 55 percent of CRM projects arenot expected to produce results. Some organizationalissues linked to CRM failures have been addressed, suchas a lack of company-wide commitment to the system.But failures due to a lack of customer focus are less wellunderstood. In a recent survey of 1,500 companies in
Longitudinal quantum beam tomography

We propose an experiment to determine the density operator for the longitudinal quantum state of an atomic beam. The method is based on tomographic reconstruction of the Wigner function via a set of measured probability distributions for the phase-space rotated position operator. The time evolution of the Wigner function in free space effectively performs the required phase-space rotation. We propose a state-selective time-dependent technique for measuring longitudinal probability distributions.
Bigger is (Maybe) Better: Librarians’ Views of Interdisciplinary Databases

This study investigates librarians’ satisfaction with general interdisciplinary databases for undergraduate research and explores possibilities for improving these databases. Results from a national survey suggest that librarians at a variety of institutions are relatively satisfied overall with the content and usability of general, interdisciplinary databases, especially for undergraduate research. Concerns surface, however, with regard to specific features such as indexing and subject headings; additionally, responses from librarians at two-year institutions indicate that general, interdisciplinary databases are not as useful for 2-year college students. Findings are further discussed in the context of recommendations for librarians and database vendors.
Domain 1 of Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule Has an I1-set Fold and a Flexible Integrin-binding Loop

Abstract Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM) binds integrin α4β7. Their interaction directs lymphocyte homing to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The interaction between the two immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains of MAdCAM and integrin α4β7 is unusual in its ability to mediate either rolling adhesion or firm adhesion of lymphocytes on vascular surfaces. We determined four crystal structures of the IgSF domains of MAdCAM to test for unusual structural features that might correlate with this functional diversity. Higher resolution 1.7 and 1.4 A structures of the IgSF domains of MAdCAM in a previously described crystal lattice revealed two alternative conformations of the integrin-binding loop, which were deformed by large lattice contacts. New crystal forms in presence of two different Fabs to MAdCAM demonstrate a shift in IgSF domain topology from I2 to I1-set, with a switch of integrin-binding loop from CC` to CD. The I1-set fold and CD loop appear biologically relevant. The different conformations seen in crystal structures suggest that the integrin-binding loop of MAdCAM is inherently flexible. This contrasts with rigidity of the corresponding loops in VCAM, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, and ICAM-5, and may reflect a specialization of MAdCAM to mediate both rolling and firm adhesion by binding to different α4β7 integrin conformations.
A fabric pouch for maintaining transducer and catheter terminations

Management of the chronically instrumented animal is improved by enclosing the terminations of catheters and transducer wires in a subcutaneous nylon velour pouch. Six or more days after implantation, an opening is made into the pouch by removing a portion of the overlying skin; subsequent healing processes provide a satisfactory bond. Thereafter the leads can be extracted and replaced without need for anesthesia or dissection. Results in 35 animals (26 dogs and 9 monkeys) for intervals up to four months showed fibrous encapsulation was complete in 28 and partial in 7, with no mortality or significant morbidity attributable solely to the presence of the pouch. Gross and microscopic tissue examination indicated a localized foreign body reaction in response to the nylon fibers. The technique is especially useful in experimental protocols for which continuous restraint is undesirable, such as the chronically instrumented primate periodically exposed to environmental stress.
Was bedeutet Wiederlesen? Jean Améry's Literary Criticism

This essay examines Jean Amery's largely unknown work as a reader and literary critic, focusing in particular on his engagement with Thomas Mann and Knut Hamsun as part of a project in which Amery sought to “reread”—Wiederlesen—a series of literary texts that had shaped his identity and self-understanding before the advent of German Fascism. The literary essays that resulted from this project illuminate the centrality of literature for Amery's thinking and writing and bring into focus the subjective, historical, and dialogic dimensions of a critical reading practice that went against the grain of then-contemporary interpretive trends. Conceived as an intervention in literary history, this Wiederlesen aimed to rescue forgotten books by highlighting their relevance in and for the present; at the same time, it would serve as a means to self-reflection for a reader whose subjectivity had been irreparably damaged by the experience of the Shoah.
Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Interaction of Cytochrome C with Lipid Bilayers

In addition to a well-characterized role of cytochrome c (cyt c) as a pro-apoptotic factor acting after its release from mitochondria into the cytosol, a new pro-apoptotic function of the intra-mitochondrial pool of cyt c has been recently identified. Early in apoptosis, cyt c interacts with a mitochondria-unique phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), that massively transmigrates from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane. In the complexes thus formed, cyt c becomes a peroxidase which catalyzes peroxidation of polyunsaturated CL species into products that are required for the execution of the apoptotic program. The essential details of the cyt c/CL interactions - leading to the gain of cyt c's peroxidase competence towards CL - remain to be elucidated. Here, we used Coarse Graining Molecular Dynamic (CG-MD) simulation as a computational route to explore structural details of cyt c interactions with CL-containing phospholipid bilayer. using the MARTINI force field of a 4-to-1 atoms-to-bead mapping for both lipids and protein, we simulated a lipid bilayer containing 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 20% tetraoleoyl-CL (TOCL). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of CL peroxidation on membrane structure and interactions with cyt c. The simulation visualizes cyt c movement toward the phospholipid bilayer, to which it binds and then migrates along its surface. Inside the bilayer, clustering of CL with respect to the position of cyt c on the bilayer surface was observed. Peroxidation of CL altered the phospholipid membrane and caused the appearance of disorganized domains. Furthermore, increasing levels of peroxidation resulted in decreasing capacity of cyt c to interact with the membrane, whereby cyt c completely lost the ability to bind to the bilayer containing fully peroxidized CL (with all four of CL's acyls oxidiatively modified). Supported by NIH grant R01 ES020693.
The Role of Faculty in Fund Raising at Black Colleges: What Is It and What Can It Become?

This article explores the role of faculty in fund raising at black colleges, asking what it has been and what it can become. In addition to an historical exploration of this role, the author draws upon qualitative interviews with both faculty and administrators to make recommendations for future faculty roles.
Cost-effective error detection codes in multicomputer networks

Abstract Several error detection codes ( edcs ) applicable to multicomputer networks are analyzed and compared in detail with respect to cost and performance. A general guideline is provided for making the best choice for a variety of multicomputer networks. edcs may be applied to any type of computer networks and are especially useful in fault-tolerant networks where recovery actions are triggered by error detection. Making a particular code choice requires consideration of the actual network environment and specific performance requirements. The banyan network is used as an example to demonstrate the multi-dimensional tradeoff involved in selecting the most cost-effective edc for a multicomputer network.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (EETs) Regulate Epithelial Sodium Channel Activity by Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-mediated Phosphorylation

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) participates in the regulation of plasma sodium and volume, and gain of function mutations in the human channel cause salt-sensitive hypertension. Roles for the arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites, the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), in ENaC activity have been identified; however, their mechanisms of action remain unknown. In polarized M1 cells, 14,15-EET inhibited amiloride-sensitive apical to basolateral sodium transport as effectively as epidermal growth factor (EGF). The EET effects were associated with increased threonine phosphorylation of the ENaC β and γ subunits and abolished by inhibitors of (a) mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (MEK/ERK1/2) and (b) EGF receptor signaling. CYP2C44 epoxygenase knockdown blunted the sodium transport effects of EGF, and its 14,15-EET metabolite rescued the knockdown phenotype. The relevance of these findings is indicated by (a) the hypertension that results in mice administered cetuximab, an inhibitor of EGF receptor binding, and (b) immunological data showing an association between the pressure effects of cetuximab and reductions in ENaCγ phosphorylation. These studies (a) identify an ERK1/2-dependent mechanism for ENaC inhibition by 14,15-EET, (b) point to ENaC as a proximal target for EET-activated ERK1/2 mitogenic kinases, (c) characterize a mechanistic commonality between EGF and epoxygenase metabolites as ENaC inhibitors, and (d) suggest a CYP2C epoxygenase-mediated pathway for the regulation of distal sodium transport.
A model for predicting the choice of conflict management strategies by subordinates in high-stakes conflicts

Abstract This paper represents an attempt to understand superior/subordinate conflict from the subordinate's perspective. A decisional model is presented to reflect the subordinate's choice process in selecting a conflict management strategy in high-stakes conflict. The three primary variables posited by the model to determine the subodinate's strategic choice are the subordinate's desire to remain in the organization, the subordinate's perceived congruence between the superior's and his or her own attitudes and beliefs, and the subordinate's perceived protection from arbitrary action. Depending on the subordinate's response to each of the variables, one of five conflict management strategies is selected. These strategies include problem solving, bargaining, appeasing, competing, and withdrawing. It is hoped that such a model will permit the manager to predict the subordinate's conflict behavior and hence aid in conflict management.
Optimization of naltrexone diclofenac codrugs for sustained drug delivery across microneedle-treated skin.

Purpose The purpose of this work was to optimize the structure of codrugs for extended delivery across microneedle treated skin. Naltrexone, the model compound was linked with diclofenac, a nonspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitor to enhance the pore lifetime following microneedle treatment and develop a 7 day transdermal system for naltrexone.
The accuracy of a new real-time continuous glucose monitoring algorithm: an analysis.

In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Keenan and colleagues used archival data from the STAR 1 clinical trial (Medtronic Diabetes) to support the claim that the new Veo™ calibration algorithm improves the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring, particularly in the critical hypoglycemic range. Extensive data analyses are presented to support this claim; the results are convincing, and the estimated improvement in hypoglycemic detection from 55% for the standard calibration to 82% for the Veo is particularly impressive. We can therefore conclude that the Veo algorithm has the potential to improve the accuracy of hypoglycemia alarms and ultimately contribute to closed-loop control. However, the presented results should be interpreted cautiously because they are based on retrospective analysis and are heavily dependent on the distribution of blood glucose levels observed in a particular data set.
The dosage dependency of growth and maturity in growth hormone deficiency treated with human growth hormone

A group of 11 pre-pubertal growth hormone deficient patients were treated with human growth hormone over a period of 4 years. In 6 of the patients the dosage was 4 IU 3 times a week and in 5, 8 IU 3 times a week. Changes in height demonstrated that the "catch up" was significantly greater and of longer duration in the second group. In spite of a more rapid increase of bone age in the second group, the prognosis of final height had improved significantly at the end of the study period. A comparative study of the plasma concentrations significantly at the end of the study period. A comparative study of the plasma concentrations of T4, TSH, gonadotrophins and steroids, to see if the greater velocity of bone maturity in the second group could be due to contamination of the preparation by other could be due to contamination of the preparation by other hypophysary hormones, did not demonstrate significant differences between the groups.
Quasihole excitation in a quantum antiferromagnet: Variational Monte Carlo calculation

We study a single quasihole excitation in a quantum antiferromagnet using a variational wave function that includes spin-spin as well as spin-hole correlations. The wave function can be cast in the form of a complex correlation operator acting on a Marshall-type wave function for the spin background. Such a correlation operator, featuring momentum-dependent spin-hole correlations, is shown to correspond to a coherent local rotation of the spins, which can be also interpreted as a ``spin-backflow'' current, analogous to the Feynman-Cohen backflow current in helium liquids. The variational Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the hole excitation spectrum on a square lattice for the t-J model with this wave function. Comparing our results with available exact results on a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 square lattice, we find qualitative and semiquantitative agreement. We provide results obtained on much larger lattices. We find that the quasihole energy band attains its minimum at k=(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}/2) while the hole mass is strongly anisotropic in different directions of k space. The quasihole excitation creates both a planar long-range distortion of the antiferromagnetic (AF) moment of the background \ensuremath{\delta}${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}}$(r\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty})\ensuremath{\sim}(k\ensuremath{\cdot}r)/${\mathit{r}}^{2}$ and a ferromagnetic moment localized in the immediate neighborhood of the hole, pointing in the perpendicular direction. The magnitude of the ferromagnetic moment depends on the momentum of the excitation, and at the minimum of the hole band only the long-range AF planar distortion is present.
Shopfoil: Design of Unoptimized Airfoils

The desire and demand to fly farther and faster has progressively integrated the concept of optimization with airfoil design resulting in increasingly complex numerical tools pursuing efficiency often at diminishing returns, while the costs and difficulty associated with fabrication increases with design complexity. This paper establishes a method utilizing numerical tools for unoptimized design, focused on reducing the complexity of airfoils for applications where aerodynamic performance is less important than the efficiency of manufacturing. We applied this method to the development of a low Re, disposable Hybrid Projectile requiring a 4.5:1 glide ratio, resulting in a series of airfoils which are geometric approximations to highly contoured cross-sections called ShopFoils. This series of airfoils both numerically and experimentally perform within a 10% marigin of the SD6060 at low Re while reducing manufacturing costs and meeting the requirements of the HP platform.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Regular Sequence Operations and Their Use in Database Queries

Operations on sequences are a basic component of database queries that extract information from sequenced data. This paper introduces a family of regular sequence operations (called rs-operations) to be used in such queries. The family is based on a simple pattern matching mechanism using regular expressions as its patterns, and includes most of the “natural” operations on sequences. Properties of the family are examined. In particular, operations in the family are characterized by a mechanical device called generic a-transducer, and the expressive power of the family is studied through an investigation of finite generators of the operations. The usage of the rs-operations in database queries is illustrated through an extended relational data model. Two equivalent query languages, one algebraic and the other calculus, are given in the model. In these query languages, rs-operations are the only components used for dealing with sequences.
Study of In Vivo Radiographic Densitometry

An intensive study of radiographic densitometry was made to determine its reliability as a biologic measuring method. Such measurements are useful but have limitations.
CD44 expression in the developing and growing rat intervertebral disc

CD44 has been identified at the time of extracellular matrix formation and expansion in several sites of the developing embryo (Wheatley et al. [1993] Development 119:295-306). The nucleus pulposus, consisting of a hydrated extracellular matrix tissue at birth, not previously closely analyzed, was examined for expression of CD44 in the developing and aging rat intervertebral disc. CD44 was identified solely on notochordal cells from the first onset of intervertebral disc formation (day 15 embryo) through the loss of notochordal cells from the nucleus pulposus (12-24 months of age). No CD44 expression was found in the notochordal cells prior to disc formation or in any cells other than the notochordal cells in the annulus fibrosus or nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methodology, the single 365 amino acid CD44 standard, CD44s, open reading frame was amplified from notochordal cells isolated from the nucleus pulposus. Western blot analysis of a cultured nucleus pulposus notochordal cells total protein extract identified a single CD44 species devoid of chondroitin sulfate with a mass of approximately 85 kDa, characteristic of CD44s. Cell surface detection for CD44 was co-localized with hyaluronan and proteoglycans at first appearance of disc formation in the nucleus pulposus.
2011 RFIC Symposium Mini-Special Issue Editorial

The eight papers that are part of this special mini-special issue were based on papers originally presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC Symposium, held June 5-10, 2011, in Baltimore, MD. The papers have been distributed in the subsection "Hybrid and Monolithic RF Integrated Circuits. A note has been added to the footnote on the first page of each paper that identifies it as part of the 2011 RFIC Symposium.
Inhibition of MAO-B protects against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in the striatum.

The effects of the MAO-B inhibitors, L-deprenyl and MDL-72974 on MDMA-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity in rats were examined. MDMA alone produced a significant decrease in the number of 5-HT uptake sites, measured as a decrease in theBmax for binding of [3H]paroxetine, and in 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in the striatum.l-Deprenyl and MDL-72974 attenuated this MDMA-induced decrease in serotonergic markers. The data suggest a key role for MAO-B in the expression of the neurotoxicity produced by MDMA in the striatum.
Linked Lifecycle Data - Connecting Distributed Engineering Data and harvesting its inherent value

Systems engineers have many different ways to search, locate and analyze engineering data. However, just like in the days before the World Wide Web, this data is being stored, managed and represented in different proprietary formats and locations that make it hard to discover and analyze. In parallel, search engines and Internet style hyperlinks have been proven to be very powerful technologies that change the way we all find and consume information every day. We believe that adopting a similar technical approach can enable organizations to overcome the complexity inherent in modern product design. In this paper we will review this new approach, named Linked Lifecycle Data, and the new opportunities it presents for improving efficiency, quality and productivity in the design and development of complex products and systems.
Pollen-induced antigen presentation by mesenchymal stem cells and T cells from allergic rhinitis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cellular suppressor of inflammation. This function of MSCs is partly due to their licensing by inflammatory mediators. In cases with reduced inflammation, MSCs could become immune-enhancer cells. MSCs can suppress the inflammatory response of antigen-challenged lymphocytes from allergic asthma. Although allergic rhinitis (AR) is also an inflammatory response, it is unclear if MSCs can exert similar suppression. This study investigated the immune effects (suppressor vs enhancer) of MSCs on allergen-stimulated lymphocytes from AR subjects (grass or weed allergy). In contrast to subjects with allergic asthma, MSCs caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the proliferation of antigen-challenged lymphocytes from AR subjects. The increase in lymphocyte proliferation was caused by the MSCs presenting the allergens to CD4+ T cells (antigen-presenting cells (APCs)). This correlated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines from T cells, and increased expressions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II and CD86 on MSCs. The specificity of APC function was demonstrated in APC assay using MSCs that were knocked down for the master regulator of MHC-II transcription, CIITA. The difference in the effects of MSCs on allergic asthma and AR could not be explained by the sensitivity to the allergen, based on skin tests. Thus, we deduced that the contrasting immune effects of MSCs for antigen-challenged lymphocytes on AR and allergic asthma could be disease specific. It is possible that the enhanced inflammation from asthma might be required to license the MSCs to become suppressor cells. This study underscores the need for robust preclinical studies to effectively translate MSCs for any inflammatory disorder.
Alteration of GABA receptors in rat substantia nigra after chronic treatment with antischizophrenic drugs

Abstract Antischizophrenic drugs cause activation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) when acutely injected. This effect on TH was blocked when GABA receptors in substantia nigra (SN) were stimulated by microinjection of muscimol. After chronic administration, there was a decline in the ability of haloperidol or chlorpromazine to activate TH; this apparent tolerance could be detected for at least two weeks after cessation of drug treatment. Since GABA receptors in SN appeared to participate in the acute action of these drugs, it was possible that the tolerance to TH activation might reflect alterations in GABA receptors. This possibility was investigated by measuring ( 3 H)GABA binding in SN of rats that had received chronic (8 week) drug treatment. Chronic chlorpromazine (20 mg/kg/day) and haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg/day), but not clozapine (20 mg/kg/day), caused a significant increase (35%) in specific ( 3 H)GABA binding in SN; the amount of binding sites (B max ) increased without a change in the apparent affinity (K D ) of the receptors for GABA. Under the same conditions, no change was seen in GABA binding in striatum. The increase in GABA binding sites in the SN may be a compensatory response to a chronic decrease in nigral GABAergic transmission occurring as an indirect result of striatal dopamine receptor blockade. While the change in GABA receptors in SN may participate in the decline of the effect of these drugs on striatal TH, it may also alter the activity of nigral efferents which are not dopaminergic. It was found that after complete transection of pathways between SN and forebrain, GABA receptors in SN remained intact, as indicated by binding studies and the ability of muscimol microinjection to induce contralateral turning behavior. Thus, GABA receptors located on projections descending from the SN may be important for motor control. Alteration of these receptors may mediate some of the time-dependent behavioral changes—tolerance to catalepsy and akinesia, enhancement of responsiveness to dopamine-agonists, emergence of tardive-dyskinesias—resulting from chronic antischizophrenic drug treatment.
SiS: Significant subnetworks in massive number of network topologies

Availability of abundant biological network data and its noisy nature necessitates extracting reliable subnetworks hidden in it. One key step towards that goal is to discover the subnetworks that appear frequently in a collection of networks. This paper presents a method, named SiS (Significant Subnetworks), to discover most probable subnetworks (i.e., subnetworks that have the highest chance to exist) in a large collection of biological networks where each node is labeled with the corresponding molecule (such as gene or protein). SiS builds a template network which summarizes the entire set of input networks. It then grows subnetworks that are most probable with the guidance of this template network. Our experiments demonstrate that our method scales to very large datasets and subnetworks easily. On the metabolic networks of the eukaryote organisms, our method runs from a few seconds to a few minutes depending on the subnetwork size. MULE, an existing method for the same problem, takes hours or does not complete for days on the same dataset. Our results also suggest that the most probable subnetworks are often the most frequent ones as well.
Mach Disk from Underexpanded Axisymmetric Nozzle Flow

The flowfield associated with the underexpanded axisymmetric nozzle freejet flow including the appearance of a Mach disk has been studied. It is shown that the location and size of the Mach disk are governed by the appearance of a triple-point shock configuration and the condition that the central core flow will reach a state of 'choking at a throat'. It is recognized that coalescence of waves requires special attention and the reflected wave, as well as the vorticity generated from these wave interactions, have to be taken accurately into account. The theoretical results obtained agreed well with the experimental data.
Structure analysis of polymerized phospholipid bilayer by TED and direct methods.

Abstract This paper describes the use of elastic energy filtered transmission electron diffraction combined with Direct Methods in order to study the structure of thin Langmuir–Blodgett films of a radiation sensitive diacetylene polymer (DC8,9PC). We obtain a potential map for one projection by direct phasing of zone axis patterns, and discuss experimental problems and possible solutions.
System Operational Evaluation of Mine Monitoring Systems

In the testing of mine monitoring systems, a software package was developed for the mine monitoring test facility designed at West Virginia University. The software establishes delay times of sensor input to annunciation for single alarms and multiple simultaneous alarms. The alarm measurement techniques for the test fixture are described, as is the software developed to analyze and graph monitoring system response data. Also included is the analysis capability of the facility, the criteria for evaluating mine monitoring systems, and typical test data from a sample system.
Engineering the rhizosphere: Expressing a bias

The rhizosphere is a largely unexplored frontier for genetic engineering. Processes in the rhizosphere influence plant disease, plant nutrition and root architecture by affecting the dynamics of microbial populations and communities. There is interest in engineering plants to manipulate the rhizosphere for numerous reasons. Such plants might resist soilborne pathogens more effectively, be better hosts to beneficial microorganisms, remediate toxic waste, or attract communities of soil microorganisms that enhance plant health. Central among the strategies to engineer the rhizosphere is the effort to create a ‘biased rhizosphere', which involves engineering plants to secrete nutrients that specifically enhance the growth of desirable microorganisms.