cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical Representations For Artificial Intelligence Problems

Artificial intelligence problems are solved on electronic computers by techniques which make heavy use of address calculation and dynamic management of data storage space. Optical computing is normally associated with numerical problems in which the size of the data space is fixed and addressing may be handled in a predictable manner not affected by actual data values. A criterion is presented for determining the amount of dynamic storage management required for an expert system problem and several methods are discussed for eliminating unnecessary address manipulation by careful choice of data representation. Major emphasis is placed on the implementation of the mathematical technique of resolution. Various resolution strategies are analyzed and the impact of these strategies on storage management is assessed with a view to minimizing the complexity of processing. Finally, novel uses of electro-optical/electronic hybrids are considered for problems in which the state space grows drastically or where reversible control strategies are required to implement search methods.
Smoking, use of 1-stage implants, and reconstructive procedures (eg, bone grafting) may lead to increased risk of dental implant complications

Original Article McDermott NE, Chuang SK, Woo VV, Dodson TB. Complications of dental implants: identification, frequency, and associated risk factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003;18(6):848-55. Level of Evidence 2b Purpose (1) To identify the types and frequencies of complications associated with implants and (2) identify risk factors associated with implant complications. Source of Funding Government: NIH/NIDCR Type of Study/Design Cohort study: retrospective cohort study
Substrate specificity of naphthalene dioxygenase : effect of specific amino acids at the active site of the enzyme

The three-component naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) enzyme system carries out the first step in the aerobic degradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4. The three-dimensional structure of NDO revealed that several of the amino acids at the active site of the oxygenase are hydrophobic, which is consistent with the enzyme's preference for aromatic hydrocarbon substrates. Although NDO catalyzes cis-dihydroxylation of a wide range of substrates, it is highly regio- and enantioselective. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to determine the contributions of several active-site residues to these aspects of catalysis. Amino acid substitutions at Asn-201, Phe-202, Val-260, Trp-316, Thr-351, Trp-358, and Met-366 had little or no effect on product formation with naphthalene or biphenyl as substrates and had slight but significant effects on product formation from phenanthrene. Amino acid substitutions at Phe-352 resulted in the formation of cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol with altered stereochemistry [92 to 96% (+)-1R,2S], compared to the enantiomerically pure [>99% (+)-1R,2S] product formed by the wild-type enzyme. Substitutions at position 352 changed the site of oxidation of biphenyl and phenanthrene. Substitution of alanine for Asp-362, a ligand to the active-site iron, resulted in a completely inactive enzyme.
Prospective Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Amoxycillin Administered Twice or Four Times Daily in Children with Respiratory Tract Infections

Thirty-four children with upper or lower respiratory tract infections were randomly allocated to receive either a twice daily or four times daily dose of 50 mg amoxycillin/kg body-weight/day. Mean duration of therapy was identical in both groups. Peak and trough antibiotic concentrations were determined. Eradication of bacteria, clinical improvement and side-effects were comparable in both groups.
Integrated control of growth and differentiation of normal human prokeratinocytes cultured in serum-free medium: Clonal analyses, growth kinetics, and cell cycle studies

The effects of growth factors, hormones, and calcium on the growth and differentiation of secondary cultures of normal human prokeratinocytes, i.e., proliferative keratinocytes, derived from adult or neonatal skin were determined by culture in serum-free basal medium, MCDB 153. Clonal growth was achieved when MCDB 153 was supplemented with either epidermal growth factor (EGF) or bovine pituitary extract (BPE), provided insulin was present. In the absence of insulin, however, both EGF and BPE were required for clonal growth. Using this assay, it was established that colony-forming efficiency is independent of calcium concentrations above 0.03 mM and averages 56%; colony size, however, was influenced by calcium and EGF concentrations. Optimal clonal growth occurred in medium containing 10 ng/ml EGF and 0.3 mM calcium. By contrast, differentiation was enhanced by the combination of low EGF (0.1 ng/ml) and high calcium (2 mM). This suggests that an inverse relationship exists between the growth response (extent of clonal growth) and the differentiation response (extent of differentiation). These results suggest that proliferation and differentiation are regulated in an integrated manner. Detailed kinetic studies and cytofluorimetric and autoradiographic analyses also showed that exponentially growing secondary cultures of adult and neonatal prokeratinocytes have a 24-hour cell generation time with G1, S, G2, and M phases of 12, 8, 3, and 1 hours, respectively. In addition, the data show that such cells can be growth arrested in medium that does not induce differentiation and that such a procedure significantly limits the cell's subsequent proliferative potential. Furthermore, prolonged culture of adult (greater than 30 population doublings) and neonatal prokeratinocytes (greater than 50 population doublings) is associated with senescence and the G1 arrest of noncycling cells.
One-dimensional discrete-time CNN with multiplexed template-hardware

This paper presents a novel discrete-time and fully programmable cellular neural network (CNN) suitable for processing one-dimensional (1-D) signals. As 1-D signals are typically very long sequences, the system consists of a linear analog shift register for data I/O coupled to a 1/spl times/n CNN array. In addition to the 1-D CNN architecture, a unique feature of our implementation is that the number of multipliers needed to implement both CNN templates has been minimized. This is conceivable because the multipliers are multiplexed between the A*y and B*u products during alternating phases of the controlling clock. The CNN system has been implemented in current mode based on the S/sup 2/I technique using MOSIS Orbit 2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The paper presents a thorough behavioral analysis of the new architecture, circuit-level implementations, and corresponding measured experimental results.
Altering the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: the multidimensional role of statins

The role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is well recognized. Recent research has documented the importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis formation and disease progression. Lowering LDL-C with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ("statins") has been shown to decrease atheroma burden and reduce cardiovascular adverse events in patients with acute coronary syndromes as well as in asymptomatic patients with recognized risk factors. In addition, recent primary prevention studies have shown that aggressively lowering LDL-C with statins-even in people with so-called "normal" LDL-C and few cardiovascular risk factors-can substantially reduce the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular outcomes. The impact of treatment is particularly notable in patients with elevated levels of C-reactive protein, a recognized marker of vascular inflammation.
A prospective evaluation of speaking tracheostomy tubes for ventilator dependent patients

The effectiveness of speaking tracheostomy tubes for ventilator dependent patients has not been clearly established. Only a few reports by authors using the device are available. We describe our experience with 23 patients who were evaluated for insertion of the speaking tracheostomy tube. Nineteen patients were determined to be appropriate candidates and we observed significant benefits from its use in 15 of these patients. The major problems were air leaks around the cuff, nonavailability of smaller sizes, and dependence on an assistant during its use. Careful screening is important when selecting candidates for the device since inappropriate selection may cause further frustration and a sense of failure for the patient.
Boundary dissipation of oscillatory waves

The attenuation of progressive, dispersive, oscillatory wave systems by dissipation within the viscous boundary layer in a long laboratory channel was studied both experimentally and theoretically, for the conditions of uniform water depth and over uniform impermeable slopes. In general, the observed dissipation exceeded that predicted by linear, small-amplitude theory for the boundary layer on the sides and bottom of the channel. On the hypothesis that the additional dissipation might be due to the presence of a similar boundary layer at the free water surface, the theory is extended to include the surface effect. The experimental results essentially confirm the theory—even in the markedly nonlinear region near shore.
Not your grandfather's IMF: global crisis, ‘productive incoherence’ and developmental policy space

The response by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (and developing country national governments) to the current global financial crisis represents a moment of what I term ‘productive incoherence’, which has displaced the constraining ‘neoliberal coherence’ of the past several decades. Productive incoherence refers to the proliferation of inconsistent and even contradictory strategies and statements by the IMF that to date have not congealed into any sort of new, organised regime. Those who see continuity at the IMF emphasise the reassertion of the IMF’s authority, the reiteration of pro-cyclical policy adjustment and the maintenance of existing governance patterns within the institution. In contrast, evidence of discontinuity includes a world now populated by increasingly autonomous states in the South, the normalisation of capital controls and Fund conditionality programmes that are inconsistent in key respects. In the face of this evidence, it is best to understand the current conjuncture as an ‘interregnum’ that is pregnant with new development possibilities.
Discrete Dynamic Shortest Path Problems in Transportation Applications: Complexity and Algorithms with Optimal Run Time:

A solution is provided for what appears to be a 30-year-old problem dealing with the discovery of the most efficient algorithms possible to compute all-to-one shortest paths in discrete dynamic networks. This problem lies at the heart of efficient solution approaches to dynamic network models that arise in dynamic transportation systems, such as intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. The all-to-one dynamic shortest paths problem and the one-to-all fastest paths problems are studied. Early results are revisited and new properties are established. The complexity of these problems is established, and solution algorithms optimal for run time are developed. A new and simple solution algorithm is proposed for all-to-one, all departure time intervals, shortest paths problems. It is proved, theoretically, that the new solution algorithm has an optimal run time complexity that equals the complexity of the problem. Computer implementations and experimental evaluations of various solution algorithms ...
DNA Synthesis at the Site of a Red-Mediated Exchange in Phage λ

In phage λ, progeny particles bearing unreplicated chromosomes are recombinant by action of λ's Red system only near the right end of the chromosome. These recombinants are frequently heterozygous (heteroduplex) for markers located there. In replication-blocked crosses involving two heavy-labeled parents we find that particles in the solitary peak, containing progeny with fully conserved DNA, vary in density. Those on the heavy side of this peak are more apt to be heterozygous than are those on the light side. The data fit a model in which a double chain cut at cos, λ's packaging origin, is followed by partial exonucleolytic degradation of λ's r chain from the right end leftward. The exposed l chain, which thereby constitutes a 3' overhang, invades an intact, circular homologue afrter itself suffering some degradation. Completion of the recombinant chromosome sometimes involves DNA synthesis primed by the invading chain.
Aerosol Use in the Pulmonary Function Lab

Aerosolized medications are frequently used in the pulmonary function laboratory. The 2 most common implementations are bronchodilators and bronchial challenge agents. Bronchodilator administration is not well standardized, largely because of the various methods of delivery available for clinical practice. Metered-dose inhalers used with spacer devices are the most common route for bronchodilator administration, but many laboratories use small-volume nebulizers. Interpretation of pre- and post-bronchodilator studies is confounded by the definitions of airway obstruction and bronchodilator responsiveness. Protocols for administering bronchial challenge aerosols (methacholine, mannitol, hypertonic saline) are well defined but are susceptible to some of the same problems that limit comparison of bronchodilator techniques. Bronchial challenges with inhaled aerosols are influenced not only by the delivery device but by the patient's breathing pattern, particularly in protocols that include deep inspiratory efforts.
Electroweak boson pair production at CDF

Preliminary results from CDF on W + 7, 2 + 7 and W+W-, WZ, ZZ boson pair production in 6 = 1.8 TeV J% p co lsrons from the 1992-93 collider run are presented. Measurements of the production 11’ ’ cross section x decay branching ratios u * B(W + 7) and u * R(Z + 7) h ave been obtained. The cross section ratios R(Wy/W), R(Zy/Z), R(Wy/Zy) and R(W/Z) are discussed. We extract direct limits on C’p-conserving and U’-violating WW7, WWZ, ZZy and Z77 anomalous couplings. In the static limit, the direct experimental limits on WW7 and ZZ7 anomalous couplings are related to bounds on the higher-order static (transition) EM moments of the W (Z) b osons. Expectations from the on-going and future Tevatron collider runs are discussed. (lontributed paper to the 27t” International Conference on High Energy Physics Glasgow, Scotland duly 20-27, 1994 ‘Contact person: Steven Errede, SERREDE@fnald.fnal.gov
Filling a Gap in eHealth Records: The Development of a Home Care Records System

The process of developing an eHealth records system over the last six years is described. The work took place at seven care organizations in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and was part of a series of pilot studies assessing the effectiveness of a behavioral monitoring system in the delivery of care to at-risk elderly. A research tool created to systematically collect data on alerts, care actions and health outcomes evolved into a home care electronic records system. The system is fully functional on any smart mobile device and can be used with a wide variety of pervasive health care applications or as a stand-alone. Five essential design features that impact the future of such home care electronic records system are discussed. Keywords—eHealth medical records; home care; mobile devices; self-management
Some emerging concepts in salt tectonics in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: intrusive plumes, canopy-margin thrusts, minibasin triggers and allochthonous fragments

Abstract We summarize four emerging concepts in salt tectonics in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, selected from a longer list of concepts that have advanced significantly in the last decade. Squeezed salt stocks are common in orogenic forelands, in inverted basins and at the toe of salt-bearing passive margins. Modelling suggests that during early shortening, an inward salt plume from the source layer inflates the diapir and arches its roof. After further shortening, diapiric salt is expelled as an outward plume back into the source layer. Salt canopies are conventionally thought to advance by glacial extrusion. However, almost all modern salt canopies are now buried and can only advance by frontal thrusting. Thrusting allows the salt canopy and its protective roof to advance together, minimizing salt dissolution. Advance is by a roof-edge thrust rooted in the leading tip of salt or by thrust imbricates forming accretionary wedges. Minibasins can sink into salt if the average density of the overburden exceeds that of salt. This requires 2–3 km of burial of siliciclastic fill, yet most minibasins first sink when much thinner. Three alternative mechanisms to negative buoyancy in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico address this paradox of initiation. First, squeezed diapirs inflate, leaving the intervening minibasins as depressions. Second, when a diapir9s salt supply wanes, the overlying dynamic salt bulge subsides, allowing a minibasin to form. Third, differential loading causes the thick end of a sedimentary wedge to sink faster into the salt, creating a sag. Spreading salt canopies can transport their dismembered roof fragments tens of kilometres basinward. These exotic fragments are up to 25 km in breadth and comprise anomalously old Mesozoic through Miocene sequences. Strata of the same age underlie the salt canopy or its welded equivalent, signalling lateral transport by thick salt.
GREENIFY: A Real-World Action Game for Climate Change Education

The literature on climate change education recommends social, accessible action-oriented learning that is specifically designed to resonate with a target audience’s values and worldview. This artic...
Independent validation of the secondary intracerebral hemorrhage score with catheter angiography and findings of emergent hematoma evacuation.

BACKGROUND The secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) score, derived from a cohort of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage examined with computed tomographic (CT) angiography, predicts a patient's risk of harboring a vascular etiology. OBJECTIVE To validate the SICH score in an independent patient population. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all adults with nontraumatic ICH who presented to our institution during a 5.4-year period and were evaluated with catheter angiography or underwent emergent hematoma evacuation, and applied the SICH score to this cohort. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum operating point (MOP). Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cisterns were excluded. RESULTS The study included 341 patients, with a mean age of 57.2 years (range, 18-88). Of these, 179 patients were male (52.5%) and 162 were female (47.5%). Two hundred ninety-two patients were evaluated with catheter angiography (85.6%), and 49 underwent emergent hematoma evacuation (14.4%). The SICH score successfully predicted an increasing risk of underlying vascular etiologies in the independent patient cohort, which was similar to the cohort examined with CT angiography. The MOP was reached at a SICH score >2, with the highest incidence of vascular etiologies in patients with SICH scores of 3 (18.8%), 4 (39%), and 5 (79.2%). There was no significant difference in the AUC between the 2 cohorts (0.82-0.87). CONCLUSION The SICH score successfully predicted the risk of a patient with ICH of harboring a vascular etiology in an independent patient population. This scoring system could be used to select patients with ICH for neurovascular evaluation to exclude an underlying vascular abnormality.
Creatine Kinase-MB

Creatine kinase (CK)-MB is the enzyme currently used as the definitive serum marker for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This article reviews the characteristics of CK-MB, the methods and limitations of the new monoclonal anti-CK-MB antibody-based immunoassays, information on the diagnostic accuracy, clinical implications of serial and single enzyme levels, and recommendations for the optimal use of CK-MB. In addition, the role of serum CK-MB in monitoring reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy for patients with AMI is discussed.
Analyze the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Free Education for Normal College Students Establishing Lifelong Teaching Belief Inflections

With research data,this essay has analyzed the present teaching belief of three sessions of students,students of free teacher education in Southwest University. According to that,we further investigate the factors which influence those students' life-long teaching faith and put forward some practical strategies to further improve the students'life-long teaching faith.
Microstructure characterization of binary CeO_2+SnO_2 oxide coated titanium coatings

CeO_2+SnO_2 binary oxide coated titanium anodes were prepared by the sol-gel method. Annealed at various temperatures, the microstructures of the anodes were investigated by XRD and TEM. The results indicate that nanoscale coatings can be obtained by controlling the preparation condition. When the molar fraction of SnO_2 is 83%, the main component of the coating is (Sn, Ce)O_2 solid solution with rutile structure. When the molar fraction of SnO_2 is 44%, the main components of coating are the (Sn, Ce)O_2 solid solution with rutile structure and ~(Ce, Sn)O_2 solid solution with fluorite structure. When the molar fraction of SnO_2 is 17%, the main component of the coating is (Ce, Sn)O_2 solid solution with fluorite structure. Annealed at higher temperature than 450℃, CeO_2 is found in the coating containing 83%Sn, and there is not SnO_2 in the coating containing 83%Ce, which suggests that fluorite (Ce, Sn)O_2 has higher thermal stability than rutile (Sn, Ce)O_2. When the molar fraction of SnO_2 ~increases , the dispensability of the coatings is improved greatly.
Impact of Health Insurance, ADAP, and Income on HIV Viral Suppression Among US Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2006-2009.

Background: Implementation of the Affordable Care Act motivates assessment of health insurance and supplementary programs, such as the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) on health outcomes of HIV-infected people in the United States. We assessed the effects of health insurance, ADAP, and income on HIV viral load suppression. Methods: We used existing cohort data from the HIV-infected participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the time from 2006 to unsuppressed HIV viral load (>200 copies/mL) among those with Medicaid, private, Medicare, or other public insurance, and no insurance, stratified by the use of ADAP. Results: In 2006, 65% of women had Medicaid, 18% had private insurance, 3% had Medicare or other public insurance, and 14% reported no health insurance. ADAP coverage was reported by 284 women (20%); 56% of uninsured participants reported ADAP coverage. After accounting for study site, age, race, lowest observed CD4, and previous health insurance, the hazard ratio (HR) for unsuppressed viral load among those privately insured without ADAP, compared with those on Medicaid without ADAP (referent group), was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.77). Among the uninsured, those with ADAP had a lower relative hazard of unsuppressed viral load compared with the referent group (HR, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.28 to 0.85) than those without ADAP (HR, 95% CI: 1.00, 0.63 to 1.57). Conclusions: Although women with private insurance are most likely to be virally suppressed, ADAP also contributes to viral load suppression. Continued support of this program may be especially critical for states that have not expanded Medicaid.
The Variation in the Weight and Number of Eggs and the Weight of White Leghorn Fowls during the First Two Years of Production

Abstract Definite information is of importance as to the number of eggs that may be expected from fowls at various seasons of the year, how the production varies from year to year as the birds grow older, and what changes take place in the weight of the eggs and in the weight of the fowls. This publication is a contribution to the knowledge on this subject and covers the production of a Single Comb White Leghorn flock for the first two laying years. The experiment was begun November 1, 1925, with 200 pullets which had been hatched June 15, 1925. Of these eleven were killed accidentally after the experiment was begun, principally by dogs in the spring of 1926, and eleven died at various times from various disorders, leaving 178 alive at the end of the second year. The records of those birds only which finished the two laying years are . . .
Mobile Device Selection in Higher Education: iPhone versus iPod Touch

Mobile devices are rapidly becoming the most common interface for accessing network resources (Hall 2008). By 2015 the average 18-year old will spend the majority of their computing time on mobile devices (Basso 2009). These trends directly affect institutions of higher learning. Many universities are offering learning initiatives and m-services designed to distribute content and services to mobile devices. In this chapter, we report findings from an exploratory, longitudinal study at iUniversity, where incoming freshmen received their choice of an Apple iPhone or iPod touch. Our findings indicate that users' device selections were affected by their perceptions of the costs of the devices, the devices' relative characteristics, and the social influence of parents. We also found that users' attitude, satisfaction, and confidence about their device selection varied across devices, with iPhone users having more favorable perceptions. The chapter concludes with recommendations for mobile learning initiatives and directions for future research.
The David Dunlap Observatory (DDO) Photometric System for Classification of Late-Type Stars

An intermediate bandpass filter system is described that is useful for classification of G and K stars in terms of effective temperature (spectral type), surface gravity (luminosity class), heavy element abundance, and interstellar reddening. The system measures the strength of the cyanogen band in the region shortward of λ4216, the break in the continuum at the G band, and a colour index in the λ4500–λ4900 region of the spectrum. The surface gravity parameter is independent of the cyanogen index, and the cyanogen band strength, after a surface gravity correction, is used as a measure of heavy element abundance.
Clinical predictors and outcome implications of early readmission in lung transplant recipients

Background The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and outcome implications for 30-day hospital readmission in lung transplant recipients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant cases from a single, high-volume lung transplant program between January 2000 and March 2012. Demographic and health data were reviewed for all patients. Risk factors for 30-day readmission (defined as readmission within 30 days of discharge from index lung transplant hospitalization) were modeled using logistic regression, with selection of parameters by backward elimination. Results The sample comprised 795 patients after excluding scheduled readmissions and in-hospital deaths. Overall 30-day readmission rate was 45.4% ( n = 361). Readmission rates were similar across different diagnosis categories and procedure types. By univariate analysis, post-operative complications that predisposed to 30-day readmission included pneumonia, any infection, and atrial fibrillation (all p 35%. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multi-variate regression modeling to assess readmission as a predictor of long-term outcomes showed that 30-day readmission was not a significant predictor of worse survival in lung recipients. Conclusions Occurrence of at least 1 post-transplant complication increases risk for 30-day readmission in lung transplant recipients. In this patient population, 30-day readmission does not predispose to adverse long-term survival. Quality indicators other than 30-day readmission may be needed to assess hospitals that perform lung transplantation.
Communication Opportunities for Elementary School Students who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems serve as the primary communication mode for many students with complex communication needs. The aim of this study was to describe the naturally occurring communication opportunities of students using AAC systems. We observed 23 students for a total of 117 hours across general education, special education, and non-academic settings. For each communication event, we recorded the setting, communication partner, student communication mode, availability of the AAC system, independent or prompted responses, and the consequence. Communication events primarily occurred with adults and very few spontaneous initiations were observed. On average, students were presented with 17 opportunities to respond per hour. However, in nearly half of these opportunities, students did not have access to their AAC system. Results from our observations indicated more deliberate efforts are needed to ensure students have appropriate access and opportunity to use AAC systems across school environments.
Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism in Children: A Review of Published Guidelines

Venous thromboembolism, which includes deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a potentially preventable condition in children. In adults, pharmacologic prophylaxis has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism in distinct patient cohorts. However, pediatric randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of pharmacologic prophylaxis against thrombosis associated with central venous catheters, the most important risk factor for venous thromboembolism in children. Despite the lack of supporting evidence, hospital-based initiatives are being undertaken to try to prevent venous thromboembolism in children. In this study, we sought to review the published guidelines on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized children. We identified five guidelines, all of which were mainly targeted at adolescents and used various risk-stratification approaches. In low-risk children, ambulation was the recommended prevention strategy, while mechanical prophylaxis was recommended for children at moderate risk and pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis were recommended for the high-risk group. The effectiveness of these strategies has not been proven. In order to determine whether venous thromboembolism can be prevented in children, innovative clinical trial designs are needed. In the absence of these trials, guidelines can be a source of valuable information to inform our practice.
GPU Architecture Aware Instruction Scheduling for Improving Soft-Error Reliability

The demand for low-power and high-performance computing has been driving the semiconductor industry for decades. The semiconductor technology has been scaled down to satisfy these demands. At the same time, the semiconductor technology has faced severe reliability challenges like soft-error. Research has been conducted to improve the soft-error reliability of the GPU, which has been improved by using various methodologies such as redundancy methodologies. However, the GPU compiler has yet to be considered for improving the soft-error reliability of the GPU. In this paper, in order to improve the soft-error reliability of the GPU, we propose a novel GPU architecture aware compilation methodology. The proposed methodology jointly considers the parallel behavior of the GPU hardware and the applications, and minimizes the vulnerability of the GPU applications during instruction scheduling. In addition, the proposed methodology is able to complement any hardware based soft-error reliability improvement techniques. We compared our compilation methodology with the state-of-the-art soft-error reliability aware techniques and the performance aware instruction scheduling. We have injected the soft-errors during the experiments and have compared the number of correct executions that have no erroneous output. Our methodology requires less performance and power overhead than the state-of-the-art soft-error reliability methodologies in most cases. Compilation time overhead of our methodology is 8.13 seconds on average. The experimental results show that our methodology improves the soft-error reliability by 23 percent and 12 percent (up to 64 percent and 52 percent) compared to the state-of-the-art soft-error reliability and performance aware compilation techniques, respectively. Moreover, we have shown that the soft-error reliability of a GPU is not related to the performance, but to the fine-grained timing behavior of an application.
Molecular dynamics simulations and molecular flooding studies of the retinoid X-receptor ligand binding domain

Bexarotene is an FDA approved retinoid X-receptor (RXR) agonist for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and its use in other cancers and Alzheimer’s disease is being investigated. The drug causes serious side effects, which might be reduced by chemical modifications of the molecule. To rationalize known agonists and to help identify sites for potential substitutions we present molecular simulations in which the RXR ligand-binding domain was flooded with a large number of drug-like molecules, and molecular dynamics simulations of a series of bexarotene-like ligands bound to the RXR ligand-binding domain. Based on the flooding simulations, two regions of interest for ligand modifications were identified: a hydrophobic area near the bridgehead and another near the fused ring. In addition, positional fluctuations of the phenyl ring were generally smaller than fluctuations of the fused ring of the ligands. Together, these observations suggest that the fused ring might be a good target for the design of higher affinity bexarotene-like ligands, while the phenyl ring is already optimized. In addition, notable differences in ligand position and interactions between the RXRα and RXRβ were observed, as well as differences in hydrogen bonding and solvation, which might be exploited in the development of subspecies-specific ligands.
Leveraging Re-costing for Online Optimization of Parameterized Queries with Guarantees

Parametric query optimization (PQO) deals with the problem of finding and reusing a relatively small number of plans that can achieve good plan quality across multiple instances of a parameterized query. An ideal solution to PQO would process query instances online and ensure (a) tight, bounded cost sub-optimality for each instance, (b) low optimization overheads, and (c) only a small number of plans need to be stored. Existing solutions to online PQO however, fall short on at least one of the above metrics. We propose a plan re-costing based approach that enables us to perform well on all three metrics. We empirically show the effectiveness of our technique on industry benchmark and real-world query workloads with our modified version of the Microsoft SQL Server query optimizer.
Acquired Infection and Antimicrobial Utilization During Initial NICU Hospitalization in Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

BACKGROUND In addition to substantial medical and surgical intervention, neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia often have concurrent concerns for acquired infection. However, few studies focus on infection and corresponding antimicrobial utilization in this population. METHODS The Children's Hospital Neonatal Database was queried for congenital diaphragmatic hernia infants hospitalized from January 2010 to February 2016. Patient charts were linked to the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. Descriptive clinical data including delivery history, cultures sent, diagnosed infection, antimicrobial use and outcomes were reported. RESULTS A total of 1085 unique patients were identified after data linkages; 275 (25.3%) were born at <37 weeks' gestation. Bacteremia at delivery (2/1085) and in the first 7 days of life (8/1085) was less common than later infection, but 976 patients (89.9%) were treated with antibiotics. Median number of days on antibiotics was 6 [3,11] for those without a documented infection and 21 [13,36] for those with positive cultures. Incidence of urinary tract infection, bacteremia and pneumonia increased significantly over time and was most common after 28 days. Antibiotic use, conversely, decreased over time (92% of infants in week 1 to 44% in week 4 and beyond). CONCLUSIONS Although culture positivity increased with age, risk of these selected infections was relatively low for a population in neonatal intensive care unit. An important mismatch is observed between culture negativity and high rates of antibiotic utilization. These data identify opportunities for antibiotic stewardship quality improvement programs.
Obstacle avoidance control of a human-in-the-loop mobile robot system using harmonic potential fields

This paper considers applications where a human agent is navigating a semi-autonomous mobile robot in an environment with obstacles. The human input to the robot can be based on a desired navigation objective, which may not be known to the robot. Additionally, the semi-autonomous robot can be programmed to ensure obstacle avoidance as it navigates the environment. A shared control architecture can be used to appropriately fuse the human and the autonomy inputs to obtain a net control input that drives the robot. In this paper, an adaptive, near-continuous control allocation function is included in the shared controller, which continuously varies the control effort exerted by the human and the autonomy based on the position of the robot relative to obstacles. The developed control allocation function facilitates the human to freely navigate the robot when away from obstacles, and it causes the autonomy control input to progressively dominate as the robot approaches obstacles. A harmonic potential field-based non-linear sliding mode controller is developed to obtain the autonomy control input for obstacle avoidance. In addition, a robust feed-forward term is included in the autonomy control input to maintain stability in the presence of adverse human inputs, which can be critical in applications such as to prevent collision or roll-over of smart wheelchairs due to erroneous human inputs. Lyapunov-based stability analysis is presented to guarantee finite-time stability of the developed shared controller, i.e., the autonomy guarantees obstacle avoidance as the human navigates the robot. Experimental results are provided to validate the performance of the developed shared controller.
Effect of Neutralization on the Structure and Dynamics of Model Ionomer Melts

Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how ionomer behavior depends on ion and acid content. Our coarse-grained model builds on a prior model that was successful in capturing the low wavevector ionomer peak observed in X-ray scattering. As in prior work, we consider a linear backbone of neutral monomer beads with charged pendant beads and unbound counterions; we now also include “stickers” pendant to the backbone to represent unneutralized acid groups. These stickers are similar to backbone monomers but have higher cohesive interaction strength with each other and with the ionic groups, chosen to approximately match structural features of prior atomistic simulations. This allows us to simulate partially neutralized materials over longer time and length scales than is possible atomistically. We find that stickers can aid in ionic aggregate rearrangements such that samples containing sticker groups can show a lower viscosity than samples with the same ion content but without sti...
Avoidant Coping Mediates the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy for HIV Disclosure and Depression Symptoms Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Newly Diagnosed with HIV

HIV diagnosis presents a critical opportunity to reduce secondary transmission, improve engagement in care, and enhance overall well-being. To develop relevant interventions, research is needed on the psychosocial experiences of newly diagnosed individuals. This study examined avoidant coping, self-efficacy for HIV disclosure decisions, and depression among 92 newly diagnosed men who have sex with men who reported recent sexual risk behavior. It was hypothesized that avoidant coping would mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and depression. Cross-sectional surveys were collected from participants 3 months after HIV diagnosis. To test for mediation, multiple linear regressions were conducted while controlling for HIV disclosure to sexual partners. Self-efficacy for HIV disclosure decisions showed a negative linear relationship to depression symptoms, and 99% of this relationship was mediated by avoidant coping. The index of mediation of self-efficacy on depression indicated a small-to-medium effect. Higher self-efficacy was related to less avoidant coping, and less avoidant coping was related to decreased depression symptoms, all else held constant. These findings highlight the role of avoidant coping in explaining the relationship between self-efficacy for HIV disclosure decisions and depression.
IAfinder: identifying potential implicit assumptions to facilitate validation in medical cyber-physical system

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medical device recall database, medical device recalls are at an all-time high. One of the major causes of the recalls is due to implicit assumptions of which either the medical device operating environment does not match, or the device operators are not aware of. In this paper, we present IAFinder (Implicit Assumption Finder), a tool that uses data mining techniques to automatically extract invariants from design models implemented with statecharts. By identifying invariants that are not explicitly specified in the design models, we are able to find implicit assumptions and better facilitate domain experts to validate them and make the validated implicit assumptions explicit. We use a cardiac arrest statechart model as a case study to illustrate the usage of IAFinder in identifying implicit assumptions.
The inhalation of aerosols

This chapter examines the efficiency with which aerosol particles may enter the human body from the. Many aspects of basic aerosol science are important to the understanding of the nature of inhalation and subsequent events. Aerosol exposure via the inhalation route is of considerable interest in occupational health, representing a major potential source of hazard for workers in many occupational environments. The nature and magnitude of the hazard in a given situation depend on a complex combination of the various factors outlined in this chapter. The chapter reviews the relevant background, much of it driven by the need to develop biologically-appropriate criteria for health-related aerosol measurement in workplaces. In turn, this is important in providing part of the scientific framework needed for the assessment of overall level of risk in practical situations.
Molecular Diagnosis of Hematopoietic Neoplasms: 2018 Update.

Diagnosis of hematologic malignancies have matured to encompass molecular as well as phenotypic characteristics. Cytogenetic abnormalities are considered common events in this regard. These abnormalities generally consist of structural chromosomal abnormalities or gene mutations, which often are integral to the pathogenesis and subsequent evolution of an individual malignancy. Improvements made in identifying and interpreting these molecular alterations have resulted in advances in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and therapy for cancer. As a consequence of the increasingly important role of molecular testing in hematologic malignancy management, this article presents an update on the importance and use of molecular tests, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each test when applicable.
Novel Biology for Tephrochlamys rufiventris (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)

A heleomyzid fly Tephrochlamys rufiventris (Meigen, 1830), was reared from a form of blue cheese aging in a refrigerated, dark, aging room of a small northern California creamery. The third-instar larva is redescribed and the puparium is described for the first time.
Selective Neuronal Uptake and Distribution of AAVrh8, AAV9, and AAVrh10 in Sheep After Intra-Striatal Administration.

Background Transgenic sheep are currently the only large animal model of Huntington's disease expressing full-length mutant human huntingtin. These transgenic sheep provide an opportunity to test adeno associated virus (AAV) therapies directly targeting the huntingtin gene. A recent study demonstrated that self-complementary (sc) AAV with artificial miRNA against human huntingtin reduced mutant human huntingtin in caudate and putamen after a single injection near the internal capsule. Objective To identify an AAV serotype among AAVrh8, AAV9 and AAVrh10 with the highest neuronal uptake and distribution, with no obvious cell loss in the neostriatum of the sheep. Methods We tested AAVrh8, AAV9 and AAVrh10 by stereotactic direct unilateral injection into the neostriatum of sheep, near the internal capsule. Four weeks after administration, we examined the viral spread and neuronal uptake of each serotype of AAV containing GFP. We compared single stranded (ss) and scAAVs. Further, we measured the distribution of AAVrh8 and AAV9 to a variety of tissues outside the brain. Results Sc AAV9 had the best combination of neuronal uptake and distribution throughout the neostriatum. scAAVrh10 demonstrated good spread, but was not taken up by neurons. scAAVrh8 demonstrated good spread, but had less neuronal uptake than AAV9. Six hours after convection-enhanced administration to the neostriatum, both AAVrh8 and AAV9 viral genomes were detected in blood, saliva, urine, feces and wool. By four weeks, viral genomes were detected in wool only. Administration of AAVrh8, AAV9 and AAVrh10 was not associated with loss of neostriatal, medium spiny neuron number as measured by DARPP32 immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Altogether, we found scAAV9 had the best neuronal uptake and spread, showed no loss of neurons at one-month post-injection, and was not measurable in body fluids one month after injection. This information will guide future clinical experiments requiring brain injection of AAV for therapeutics for gene or miRNA deliveries in sheep transgenic for the human huntingtin gene.
Combined effects of flow speed and sub-lethal insecticide exposure on predator–prey interactions between the California killifish and an infaunal polychaete

Hydrodynamics and pollution affect estuarine populations, but their ecological effects have rarely been studied in combination. We conducted two laboratory experiments to quantify whether predator–prey interactions between California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, and the polychaete Polydora cornuta vary with flow speed and chlorpyrifos exposure. In one experiment, only F. parvipinnis was exposed to chlorpyrifos; in the other, only P. cornuta was exposed. The flume included a 300-cm2 area of sediment with 24 P. cornuta in a central patch (98 cm2). We videotaped groups of three killifish for 50 min at one of four flow speeds (6, 9, 12, or 15 cm/s) and recorded the proportion of bites directed at the prey patch. Unexposed killifish directed 70% of their bites at the prey patch at 6 cm/s, and prey-patch selection decreased as flow increased. Killifish exposed to chlorpyrifos directed 41% of their bites at the prey patch at 6 cm/s with reduced prey-patch selection relative to unexposed fish at 9 and 12 cm/s. At 15 cm/s, both exposed and unexposed fish displayed non-selective biting. Worms were videotaped to quantify their deposit- and suspension-feeding activities. Exposing worms to chlorpyrifos reduced total feeding activity by ~30%. Suspension feeding was more common at faster flow speeds, but the time worms spent suspension feeding relative to deposit feeding was unaffected by chlorpyrifos. No behavioral changes were noted in either species when the other was exposed to chlorpyrifos. This study highlights how hydrodynamic conditions can alter the relative importance of a toxicant’s effects on predator–prey interactions.