cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A melatonin rhythm persists in rat pineals in darkness.

Male rats that were maintained in continuous darkness or blinded by enucleation exhibited circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity. Pineal bodies taken from rats that were killed during the phase of greater locomotor activity contained significantly more melatonin than the pineal bodies of rats killed during the phase of lesser activity. Thus, a rhythm of pineal melatonin content persists and is phase-locked with the free-running, circadian rhythm of locomotor activity. However, the melatonin cycle was suppressed in intact rats that were maintained in continuous light. (Endocrinology 89: 1361, 1971)
Liquid-vapour equilibria in the iso-butanol—n-butanol, methanol—n-butanol and diethyl ether—n-butanol systems

Because of the paucity of data on the phase behaviour of mixtures of compounds containing active or polar groups at elevated pressure, the P-V-T-x relations of the iso-butanol-n-butanol, methanol—n-butanol and diethyl ether—n-butanol systems were determined at the liquid-vapour phase boundaries from near their atmospheric boiling points to the highest temperature and pressure at which the liquid and vapour co-exist. In addition, the vapour pressures and saturated liquid and vapour densities of the pure components were determined up to their critical points. The data are presented in the form of tables and graphs. In so far as is indicated by the data, the phase behaviour of binary systems of the alcohols is the same as that exhibited by binary systems of hydrocarbons that belong to a given homologous series.
Electrophysiological actions of the dopamine agonist apomorphine in the paraventricular nucleus during penile erection

The ability to achieve and maintain penile erection is necessary for successful copulation. Studies have demonstrated that dopamine receptor stimulation in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus induces penile erection in rodents, and the dopamine agonist apomorphine has been used to treat erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the electrophysiological characteristics of PVN neuronal firing activity in anaesthetised rodents during apomorphine-induced erection. Our findings can be placed in two categories; those effects that occur immediately upon apomorphine administration and continue for up to several minutes prior to penile erection, deemed 'pre-erectile', and those effects that were only observed during penile erection and seminal emission. In the pre-erectile period, apomorphine acts on two different populations of PVN neurons to increase or decrease firing rates and increases alpha1 frequency band power in local field potentials. Decreased delta and increased theta frequency power in PVN local field potentials occur only during penile erection and seminal emission. These studies provide further understanding of the coordinated neuronal activity that occurs in the PVN during apomorphine-induced penile erection.
A higher-order generalized singular value decomposition for comparison of global mRNA expression from multiple organisms.

The number of high-dimensional datasets recording multiple aspects of a single phenomenon is increasing in many areas of science, accompanied by a need for mathematical frameworks that can compare multiple large-scale matrices with different row dimensions. The only such framework to date, the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD), is limited to two matrices. We mathematically define a higher-order GSVD (HO GSVD) for N$2 matrices Di[R m i|n , each with full column rank. Each matrix is exactly factored as Di=UiSiV T , where V, identical in all factorizations, is obtained from the eigensystem SV=VL of the arithmetic mean S of all pairwise quotients AiA {1 j of the matrices Ai~D T i Di, i?j. We prove that this decomposition extends to higher orders almost all of the mathematical properties of the GSVD. The matrix S is nondefective with V and L real. Its eigenvalues satisfy lk$1. Equality holds if and only if the corresponding eigenvector vk is a right basis vector of equal significance in all matrices Di and Dj, that is si,k/sj,k=1 for all i and j, and the corresponding left basis vector ui,k is orthogonal to all other vectors in Ui for all i. The eigenvalues lk=1, therefore, define the ‘‘common HO GSVD subspace.’’ We illustrate the HO GSVD with a comparison of genome-scale cell-cycle mRNA expression from S. pombe, S. cerevisiae and human. Unlike existing algorithms, a mapping among the genes of these disparate organisms is not required. We find that the approximately common HO GSVD subspace represents the cell-cycle mRNA expression oscillations, which are similar among the datasets. Simultaneous reconstruction in the common subspace, therefore, removes the experimental artifacts, which are dissimilar, from the datasets. In the simultaneous sequence-independent classification of the genes of the three organisms in this common subspace, genes of highly conserved sequences but significantly different cell-cycle peak times are correctly classified.
Cotton Quality and Fiber Properties

Several years ago Hall and Elting pointed out that certain raw cottons which had been subjected to the action of fungi in the field or immediately after harvesting suffered a deteriora tion in cotton quality characteristics upon storage in bale form. Such cotton was termed by them to be "cavitomic." This deterioration was most manifest in a reduction of processing efficiency and a lowering of yarn quality. Certain chemical tests (pH and reducible sugars) were established as methods to detect cavitomic cotton. Because there seemed to be consider able lack of information regarding the nature and primary causes of quality deterioration at tributable to cavitomic cotton, the study presented in this paper was undertaken to determine what changes in fiber properties resulting from the "cavitoma" might be responsible for the effects noted previously.The opportunity for this study was presented when it was found that 3 of 12 bales of a homogeneous lot of Deltapine 15 cotton obtained for another investigation gave...
Conceptual Modeling and Software Design of Multi-agent Systems

We present a framework for conceptual modeling, requirements analysis and design of agent-based systems. The framework is rooted in the Belief Desire Intention (BDI) formalism and extends the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to model multi-agent systems. We introduce several modeling constructs including Agent, Belief, Goal, Plan, FIPA Performative, KQML-Performative, and Blackboard. In addition, we introduce Agent Goal Diagram to model the relationships between the goals and the environment of an agent; Use Case Goal Diagram to model the relationships between use cases and goals; Agent Domain Model to facilitate understanding of domain knowledge of an agent; Agent Sequence Diagram to model interactions within an agent. Similarly, Agent Activity Diagram and Agent Statechart Diagram are introduced. We illustrate the framework through an agent-based intelligent elevator system.
Growth requirements and characterization of rat cervical epithelial cells in culture.

Abstract The extended culture of rat cervical epithelial cells can be achieved in the absence of a fibroblast feeder layer by utilizing collagen gels and a complex growth medium. The medium contains a 1:1 mixture of RPMI-1640 and Ham's F12 supplemented with 7.5% porcine serum and epidermal growth factor, cholera toxin, transferrin, insulin, and hydrocortisone. Under these culture conditions the cells show rapid log-phase growth and high saturation densities while retaining the ultrastructural characteristics of immature squamous metaplastic cells of the rat uterine cervix even after extended passage. In a manner similar to epithelial cells from a variety of sources, rat cervical epithelial cells form hemicysts at confluence in vitro when cultured on impermeable substrates. The development of these methods for culturing cervical epithelial cells provides an experimental system for the study of factors important in regulating the growth and differentiation of metaplastic squamous epithelial cells.
Distance Communication Transfer of HIV Prevention Interventions to Service Providers

Most acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) service providers are in countries with little access to scientific developments relevant to their programs. It is critical to transfer advances from the scientific arena to service providers on a global scale. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention organizations in 78 countries were randomized to receive either a control condition or a technology transfer condition with an interactive distance learning computer training curriculum and individualized distance consultation. Of 42 nongovernmental organizations in the technology transfer condition, 29 adopted the science-based program in their communities or trained other agencies to also use it. Advanced communication technologies can create a cost-effective infrastructure to disseminate new intervention models to service providers worldwide.
Enhanced Function Conferred on Low-Abundance Chemoreceptor Trg by a Methyltransferase-Docking Site

In Escherichia coli, high-abundance chemoreceptors are present in cellular amounts approximately 10-fold higher than those of low-abundance receptors. These two classes exhibit inherent differences in functional activity. As sole cellular chemoreceptors, high-abundance receptors are effective in methyl-accepting activity, in establishing a functional balance between the two directions of flagellar rotation, in timely adaptation, and in mediating efficient chemotaxis. Low-abundance receptors are not, even when their cellular content is increased. We found that the low-abundance receptor Trg acquired essential functional features of a high-abundance receptor by the addition of the final 19 residues of the high-abundance receptor Tsr. The carboxy terminus of this addition carried a methyltransferase-binding pentapeptide, NWETF, present in high-abundance receptors but absent in the low-abundance class. Provision of this docking site not only enhanced steady-state and adaptational methylation but also shifted the abnormal, counterclockwise bias of flagellar rotation toward a more normal rotational balance and vastly improved chemotaxis in spatial gradients. These improvements can be understood as the result of both enhanced kinase activation by the more methylated receptor and timely adaptation by more efficient methyl-accepting activity. We conclude that the crucial functional difference between the low-abundance receptor Trg and its high-abundance counterparts is the level of methyl-accepting activity conferred by the methyltransferase-docking site.
Aging and the Germ Line: Where Mortality and Immortality Meet

Germ cells are highly specialized cells that form gametes, and they are the only cells within an organism that contribute genes to offspring. Germline stem cells (GSCs) sustain gamete production, both oogenesis (egg production) and spermatogenesis (sperm production), in many organisms. Since the genetic information contained within germ cells is passed from generation to generation, the germ line is often referred to as immortal. Therefore, it is possible that germ cells possess unique strategies to protect and transmit the genetic information contained within them indefinitely. However, aging often leads to a dramatic decrease in gamete production and fecundity. In addition, single gene mutations affecting longevity often have a converse effect on reproduction. Recent studies examining age-related changes in GSC number and activity, as well as changes to the stem cell microenvironment, provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the observed reduction in gametogenesis over the lifetime of an organism.
Nurse practitioner/physician assistant staffing and critical care mortality.

Abstract BACKGROUND: ICUs are increasingly staffed with nurse practitioners/physician assistants (NPs/PAs), but it is unclear how NPs/PAs influence quality of care. We examined the association between NP/PA staffing and in-hospital mortality for patients in the ICU. METHODS: We used retrospective cohort data from the 2009 to 2010 APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) clinical information system and an ICU-level survey. We included patients aged ≥ 17 years admitted to one of 29 adult medical and mixed medical/surgical ICUs in 22 US hospitals. Because this survey could not assign NPs/PAs to individual patients, the primary exposure was admission to an ICU where NPs/PAs participated in patient care. The primary outcome was patient-level in-hospital mortality. We used multivariable relative risk regression to examine the effect of NPs/PAs on in-hospital mortality, accounting for differences in case mix, ICU characteristics, and clustering of patients within ICUs. We also examined this relationship in the following subgroups: patients on mechanical ventilation, patients with the highest quartile of Acute Physiology Score (> 55), and ICUs with low-intensity physician staffing and with physician trainees. RESULTS: Twenty-one ICUs (72.4%) reported NP/PA participation in direct patient care. Patients in ICUs with NPs/PAs had lower mean Acute Physiology Scores (42.4 vs 46.7, P P CONCLUSIONS: NPs/PAs appear to be a safe adjunct to the ICU team. The findings support NP/PA management of critically ill patients.
EEG alpha and level of response to alcohol in Hispanic- and non-Hispanic-American young adults with a family history of alcoholism.

Objective: A person's level of response to alcohol is associated with family history of alcoholism, ethnic heritage and electroencephalogram (EEG) phenotype. The present study's aims were to investigate EEG alpha and response to alcohol in Hispanic-American and non-Hispanic-American young adults. Method: EEG power in the slow and fast alpha frequency ranges (7.5-9 Hz, 9-12 Hz) was obtained at baseline and at 74 minutes following the administration of alcohol to Hispanic-American (n = 79) and white non-Hispanic-American (n = 208) young adult men and women (18-25 years old), all of whom had a family history but no personal history of alcohol dependence. Measures of breath alcohol concentrations and subjective responses to alcohol (Subjective High Assessment Scale [SHAS]) also were ascertained. Results: Alcohol was found to produce significant effects on EEG power in the slow (F = 79.5, p < .0001) alpha frequency range. Although no overall effects of alcohol were found in the fast alpha frequency range, Hisp...
Effects of cyanobacterial-driven pH increases on sediment nutrient fluxes and coupled nitrification-denitrification in a shallow fresh water estuary

Abstract. Summer cyanobacterial blooms caused an elevation in pH (9 to ~10.5) that lasted for weeks in the shallow and tidal-fresh region of the Sassafras River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay (USA). Elevated pH promoted desorption of sedimentary inorganic phosphorus and facilitated conversion of ammonium (NH4+) to ammonia (NH3). In this study, we investigated pH effects on exchangeable NH4+ desorption, pore water diffusion and the flux rates of NH4+, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and nitrate (NO3−), nitrification, denitrification, and oxygen consumption. Elevated pH enhanced desorption of exchangeable NH4+ through NH3 formation from both pore water and adsorbed NH4+ pools. Progressive penetration of high pH from the overlying water into sediment promoted the mobility of SRP and the release of total ammonium (NH4+ and NH3) into the pore water. At elevated pH levels, high sediment-water effluxes of SRP and total ammonium were associated with reduction of nitrification, denitrification and oxygen consumption rates. Alkaline pH and the toxicity of NH3 may inhibit nitrification in the thin aerobic zone, simultaneously constraining coupled nitrification–denitrification with limited NO3− supply and high pH penetration into the anaerobic zone. Geochemical feedbacks to pH elevation, such as enhancement of dissolved nutrient effluxes and reduction in N2 loss via denitrification, may enhance the persistence of cyanobacterial blooms in shallow water ecosystems.
School food service directors' perceptions of barriers to and strategies for improving the school food environment in the United States.

Abstract Objective: Despite school food service directors' (FSDs) important role in the school food environment, little research has been conducted to assess their perceptions of barriers to and strategies for improving the nutritional status of the nation's school children. The aim of this study was to examine FSDs' perceptions about the school food environment at the elementary, junior high, and high school levels. Design: A cross sectional survey of the school FSDs in the United States was conducted. The sampling frame was a total of 5,146 FSDs included in a list maintained by the School Nutrition Association. From this list, a random sample of 508 FSDs were selected. The self report questionnaire was conducted via mail and included the following three sections: (1) social and demographic characteristics of FSDs, (2) perceived barriers to improving healthy food choices in the school food environment, and (3) perceived strategies for improving healthy food choices in the school food environment. The ove...
People helping turtles, turtles helping people: Understanding resident attitudes towards sea turtle conservation and opportunities for enhanced community participation in Bahia Magdalena, Mexico

In Pacific Mexico, all five sea turtle species have declined over the past century due to intense overexploitation of meat and eggs, fisheries bycatch, and degradation of marine and nesting habitats. One of the most heavily impacted areas has been the Baja California peninsula, where sea turtle populations remain historically low despite existing conservation measures that include a complete moratorium on the use of sea turtles, over three decades of widespread protection of nesting beaches, and in-water monitoring of sea turtles at coastal foraging areas. We recognize the need for alternative sea turtle conservation strategies that rely on increased participation of civil society and Mexican citizens. The purpose of this paper was to identify resident attitudes towards sea turtle conservation and opportunities for enhanced community participation in Bahia Magdalena, a region in Baja California Sur, Mexico experiencing high levels of sea turtle poaching and bycatch in fisheries. Through semi-structured interviews we found that while residents were overwhelmingly interested in participating in sea turtle conservation, peer pressure and conflict within the community presented major challenges. The majority of residents indicated that sea turtle voluntourism would have a positive impact on their community. Economic incentives and increased protection for sea turtles were mentioned as benefits of sea turtle voluntourism, whereas peer pressure, difficulty obtaining permits and producing effective marketing materials, and doubt about direct economic benefits were cited as constraints. We discuss our results in terms of opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for improving community-focused sea turtle conservation throughout the region.
Bibliography of Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussels) and Dreissena rostriformis Bugensis (QUAGGA mussels): 1989 to 2011

ABSTRACT Dreissenid mussels invaded and colonized waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes during the late 1980s. Their colonization and resulting impact have been characterized as one of the most important ecological changes in freshwater systems in North America. The need for information on dreissenid mussels has grown during the past 2 decades, which has prompted the compilation of this bibliography. Two previous bibliographies of dreissenid mussels indicate average publication rates were 6 publications/year between 1771 and 1964 (1,180 in 194 y) and 30 publications/year between 1964 and 1993 (885 in 30 y). In the current bibliography, the average rate of publication doubled during the past 23 y (1989 to 2011) to 66 publications/year based on a total of 1,502 publications. These rates may be biased by increased numbers of researchers and journals over time but, at a minimum, these rates indicate continued interest and concern by humans about the impact of dreissenid mussels on water availability and the ex...
Salivary Mucin Secretion

The sections in this article are: 1 Hemical Composition and Structure of Salivary Mucins 2 Physiological Alteration of Mucin Structure 3 Biosynthesis of Mucins 4 Submandibular Gland 4.1 Submandibular Mucin Secretion 4.2 Membrane Receptors and Their Role in Mucin Secretion 4.3 Other Possible Effectors of Mucin Secretion 4.4 Signal Transduction 4.5 Cellular Mediators of Mucin Secretion 4.6 Importance of Calcium in Submandibular Mucin Secretion 4.7 Summary 5 Sublingual Gland 6 Minor Salivary Glands 7 Addendum
Cultural assimilation in the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies

After the conversion of the various Anglo-Saxon royal houses to Christianity in the seventh century, the mythology of the late pagan cults which had supported their sovereignty was supplanted, but not utterly destroyed, by the sacred history of the Bible. Myths in which the old gods sired the founders of current dynasties proved uniquely adaptive. These foundation myths were preserved at a secondary stratum in the new ideological order, in that body of dynastic pseudo-history and heroic legend which was important but subordinate to the authoritative canon of Christian scripture. As J. M. Wallace-Hadrill suggested, the nascent Anglo-Saxon dynasties needed legitimizing ancestors as much after, as before, their conversion. And if they could no longer have gods, they would settle for men of the same name.
Treatment of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension with Bosentan after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Summary Introduction Secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular dysfunction are common and associated with poor prognosis in HF patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The role of pulmonary vasodilator therapy for these patients is currently unclear. Aims We sought to evaluate the safety and clinical course of patients treated with bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, after the implementation of a LVAD. Results Between 10/2008 and 5/2011, 50 consecutive patients with mean PAP >25 mmHg were treated with bosentan after LVAD implantation for a mean duration of 15.7 (±12.4) months. Ten patients discontinued the drug for possible side effects, including three for LFT abnormalities. Comparison of baseline to 6-month follow-up data revealed laboratory evidence for decongestion with a decrease in bilirubin (2.3–0.6, P < 0.0001) and an improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics with echocardiographically calculated mean PVR decreasing 1.4 woods units (3.93 ± 1.53 to 2.58 ± 1.05, P < 0.0001). Conclusion In this single-centered retrospective case series, we provide evidence that the tolerability of bosentan in LVAD-supported patients with secondary PH is comparable to prior experience in patients with heart failure.
High internal inductance for steady-state operation in ITER and a reactor

Increased confinement and ideal stability limits at relatively high values of the internal inductance () have enabled an attractive scenario for steady-state tokamak operation to be demonstrated in DIII-D. Normalized plasma pressure in the range appropriate for a reactor has been achieved in high elongation and triangularity double-null divertor discharges with at , near the ideal kink stability limit calculated without the effect of a stabilizing vacuum vessel wall, with the ideal-wall limit still higher at . Confinement is above the H-mode level with . At , the current is overdriven, with bootstrap current fraction , noninductive current fraction and negative surface voltage. For ITER (which has a single-null divertor shape), operation at is a promising option with and the remaining current driven externally near the axis where the electron cyclotron current drive efficiency is high. This scenario has been tested in the ITER shape in DIII-D at , so far reaching and at with performance appropriate for the ITER Q=5 mission, . Modeling studies explored how increased current drive power for DIII-D could be applied to maintain a stationary, fully noninductive high discharge. Stable solutions in the double-null shape are found without the vacuum vessel wall at , and , and at with the vacuum vessel wall.
A comment on analyzing addictive behaviors over time.

Introduction: If not handled appropriately, missing data can result in biased estimates and, quite possibly, incorrect conclusions about treatment efficacy. This article aimed to demonstrate how ordinary use of generalized estimating equations (GEE) can be problematic if the assumption of missing completely at random (MCAR) is not met. Methods: We tested whether results differed for different analytic methods depending on whether the MCAR assumption was violated. This example used data from a published randomized controlled trial examining whether varying the timing of a weight management intervention, in concert with smoking cessation, improved cessation rates for adult female smokers. Participants were 284 women with at least one report of smoking status during Visits 4–16. Smoking status was assessed at each visit via selfreport and biologically verified using expired carbon monoxide. Results: Results showed that while the GEE analysis found differences in smoking status between conditions, tests of the MCAR assumption demonstrated that it was not valid for this dataset. Additional analyses using tests that do not require the MCAR assumption found no differences between conditions. Thus, GEE is not an appropriate choice for this analysis. Discussion: While GEE is an appropriate technique for analyzing dichotomous data when the MCAR assumption is not violated, weighted GEE or mixed-effects logistic regression are more appropriate when the missing data mechanism is not MCAR. Clinical trial registration information: NCT00113711
"Why am I paraphrasing?": Undergraduate ESL writers' engagement with source-based academic writing and reading

Abstract One of the most common and vital areas of coverage in second language (L2) writing instruction is writing from sources, that is, the process of reading source text material and transferring content from that reading to writing. Research as well as everyday practice in the classroom has long shown that working with source texts is one of the most challenging of all academic literacy activities for L2 writers. This is particularly true in the domain of paraphrasing, an important and yet complicated device for the treatment of source text material. While the procedures involved in paraphrasing source text material may appear simple, the enactment of those procedures is a complex and often elusive experience for L2 writers. In this article we discuss a study of two mainland Chinese students' engagement with paraphrasing in an undergraduate academic writing course, with a particular focus on their understanding of the purposes and functions of paraphrasing and how such understanding influenced their paraphrasing practices. Our results reveal a multilayered relationship between the students and paraphrasing and contribute to the paraphrasing literature by drawing greater attention to paraphrasing from students' perspectives.
The uptake of P32 as a measure of cellular metabolism in the human thyroid.

ABSTRACT Cellular metabolism in the thyroid gland of patients with Graves' disease, nodular goiter and thyroid cancer was appraised by measuring the incorporation of radiophosphorus (P32). The P32 was administered intravenously twenty-four hours before operation. At the time of surgery, representative specimens were procured from thyroid, muscle and blood. The ratio of counts per minute per milligram of thyroid to counts per minute per .001 milliliter of serum was thought to be the most reliable index of P32 content. Representative “thyroidserum ratios” were as follows: normal thyroid, 23; Graves' disease treated with propylthiouracil and Lugol's solution, 33; Graves' disease treated with propylthiouracil alone, 49; follicular adenoma (nodular goiter), 20; fetal adenoma, (nodular goiter), 40; and carcinoma of the thyroid, 71. Administration of propylthiouracil and Lugol's solution to patients with hyperthyroidism seemed to have little demonstrable effect upon the total incorporation of P32. Neither was P3...
Understanding Popularity in the Peer System

Much research has focused on youth who are rejected by peers; who engage in negative behavior, including aggression; and who are at risk for adjustment problems. Recently, researchers have become increasingly interested in high-status youth. A distinction is made between two groups of high-status youth: those who are genuinely well liked by their peers and engage in predominantly prosocial behaviors and those who are seen as popular by their peers but are not necessarily well liked. The latter group of youth is well known, socially central, and emulated, but displays a mixed profile of prosocial as well as aggressive and manipulative behaviors. Research now needs to address the distinctive characteristics of these two groups and their developmental precursors and consequences. Of particular interest are high-status and socially powerful aggressors and their impact on their peers. The heterogeneity of high-status youth complicates the understanding of the social dynamics of the peer group, but will lead to...
Recurrent Positive Selection of the Drosophila Hybrid Incompatibility Gene Hmr

Lethality in hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species Drosophila simulans is caused in part by the interaction of the genes Hybrid male rescue (Hmr) and Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr). Hmr and Lhr have diverged under positive selection in the hybridizing species. Here we test whether positive selection of Hmr is confined only to D. melanogaster and D. simulans. We find that Hmr has continued to diverge under recurrent positive selection between the sibling species D. simulans and Drosophila mauritiana and along the lineage leading to the melanogaster subgroup species pair Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila santomea. Hmr encodes a member of the Myb/SANT-like domain in ADF1 (MADF) family of transcriptional regulators. We show that although MADF domains from other Drosophila proteins have predicted ionic properties consistent with DNA binding, the MADF domains encoded by different Hmr orthologs have divergent properties consistent with binding to either the DNA or the protein components of chromatin. Our results suggest that Hmr may be functionally diverged in multiple species.
Severe postictal laryngospasm as a potential mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a near-miss in an EMU

Summary A 42-year-old man with refractory epilepsy experienced a 1-min generalized tonic–clonic seizure followed by persistent inspiratory stridor and cyanosis while being monitored in our epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). Although his cardiac parameters remained stable throughout the event, the patient’s respiratory status rapidly declined, despite the urgent administration of oxygen via bag-valve-mask. He was subsequently intubated by the emergency code team, who noted severe laryngospasm while trying to insert the endotracheal tube. The patient was successfully resuscitated. This monitored case demonstrates that postictal laryngospasm may represent another potential cause of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
Conformational rearrangements in interfacial region of polydimethylsiloxane melt films

Abstract Synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR) confirms the formation of a quasi-immobilized layer in thin films of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) melts near silica surfaces. This layer (40–60 A) has a lower density than the bulk value, and its thickness varies slightly with PDMS molecular weight. Formation of this layer is very rapid for PDMS melts with low molecular weights (below entanglement limit for these molecules) but takes 5–10 h for higher molecular weights (close to and above their entanglement value).
Using input dependent weights for model combination and model selection with multiple sources of data

With various sources and large amounts of genomic and proteomic data accumulating, the importance of integrative analyses of multiple sources of data has been increasingly recognized. A natural approach is to combine multiple models, each built on one source of data. A challenge however is to account for dieren t local information contents of dieren t sources of data: the choice of the weight on each candidate model (and thus each source of data) may depend on the input for which a prediction is to be made, suggesting that the constant weights used in most existing approaches may not be optimal. Here we propose an input-dependent weighting (IDW) scheme with the weight being the probability of each model's giv- ing a correct prediction for the given input. The weights can be estimated based on regression using training data. We apply IDW to discriminating human heart failure etiology using two sources of gene expression data, and to gene function prediction by a combined analysis of gene expression and protein-protein interac- tion data. It is demonstrated that IDW may perform better than some standard approaches. Input-dependent weights can be also adopted as a criterion for model
Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Processing Biologically Nanostructured Materials

Electrohydrodynamic atomization phenomena has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers who are interested in pursuing this promising technique to prepare microor nanometer architectures such as fibers and encapsulated particles with a controllable microstructure. There are two main techniques in the electrohydrodynamic atomization processing: electrospraying and electrospinning. Electrospraying can create particles by applying a uniform electrohydrodynamic force to break up liquids into fine jets, and is an emerging method for the rapid and high throughput production of nano-meso scale particles of controlled morphology for controlled release during drug delivery. The morphology and size of electrosprayed polymer nanoparticles is strongly influenced by a host of variables that include processing parameters and the material properties of the solution such as polymer composition, molecular weight, the solvent used for polymer dissolution, and the presence and concentration of other cosolutes. In a typical electrospinning process, the precursor solution is held at the end of the nozzle in the form of a droplet by its surface tension. As is the case with electrospraying, a voltage applied to the nozzle results in the formation of a Taylor cone, from which a jet of the precursor solution will erupt. Although the jet in a Taylor-cone mode is stable near to the tip of the nozzle, it undergoes a fluid instability stage that leads to accelerated solidification of the jet and a thinning of the fibers as the jet approaches the collector [1-4] (Figures 1 and 2).
A phase I trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) and epirubicin in patients with solid tumor malignancies.

3058 Background: Preclinical and clinical data suggest pre-exposure of cancer cells to a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) potentiates topoisomerase inhibitors. HDACi-induced histone acetylatio...
Not all that jazz! Jamband as a metaphor for organizing new models of innovation

Abstract This study aims to understand, using a longitudinal framework the relationship between themes within the “jamband” music genre and innovation jams as a model for organizational innovation. It suggests the conventional metaphor for innovation-jazz, which has dominated our way of conceptualizing models of innovation, limits our understanding of contemporary and emerging forms of innovation. The study situates the jazz and jamband metaphors within the management literature and provides a comparative view between the music genres to enrich our understanding about organizational innovation. Three emergent themes evolved from this study that provides insight into organizing emerging models of innovation that are evocative of the jamband music genre. Using the themes of sense of community, collaborative feedback and knowledge sharing and expertise integration, this research explores how IBM Innovation Jams evolve from a concept, tool and service. The study concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings for theorizing about new models of organizing innovation.
Candidate Gene Identification of Flowering Time Genes in Cotton.

Flowering time control is critically important to all sexually reproducing angiosperms in both natural ecological and agronomic settings. Accordingly, there is much interest in defining the genes involved in the complex flowering-time network and how these respond to natural and artificial selection, the latter often entail ing transitions in day-length responses. Here we describe a candidate gene analysis in the cotton genus Gossypium, which uses homologs from the well-described Arabidopsis flowering network to bioinformatically and phylogenetically identify orthologs in the published genome sequence from G. raimondii Ulbr., one of the two model diploid progenitors of the commercially important allopolyploid cottons, G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. Presence and patterns of expression were evaluated from 13 aboveground tissues related to flowering for each of the candidate genes using allopolyploid G. hirsutum as a model. Furthermore, we use a comparative context to determine copy number variability of each key gene family across 10 published angiosperm genomes. Data suggest a pattern of repeated loss of duplicates following ancient whole-genome doubling events in diverse lineages. The data presented here provide a foundation for understanding both the parallel evolution of day-length neutrality in domesticated cottons and the flowering-time network, in general, in this important crop plant.
Achieving performance with OpenCL 2.0 on Intel® processor graphics

OpenCL 2.0 is here, supported for the first time on the 5th Generation Intel ® Core Processors with Intel ® Processor Graphics. We are going to talk about the things we have learned in the past year developing workloads for OpenCL 2.0 and speedups achieved over comparable OpenCL 1.2 implementations. We are going to cover the following features of OpenCL 2.0 supported in our released driver:1. Shared Virtual Memory provides the capability to create SVM buffers (coarse-grained and fine-grained) and sharing pointers between host and device without the need to create device memory objects and eliminating the need to perform data copying between the device and the host. SVM enhances programming experience and improves performance. We will discuss ways of SVM buffer allocation, how SVM buffers interact with devices, synchronizations methods and ways to maintain memory consistency. There are number of new API calls added to OpenCL 2.0 specification, which were designed to support this new feature and to perform the above mentioned tasks. The advantages of SVM will be showcased with the help of samples.2. Nested Parallelism allows GPU kernels to enqueue other GPU kernels or self-enqueue without any interaction with the CPU host. We are going to present GPU-Quicksort for OpenCL 2.0, a high performance example that benefits from nested parallelism and work group functions; in our experience, nested parallelism allows developers to develop high performance iterative and recursive algorithms and allows to move housekeeping and scheduling operations previously reserved for the CPU to the GPU.3. Work-group scan/reduce functions facilitate scan and reduce operations across work-items of a work-group; these functions are correct, performant and heavily optimized for Intel Architecture, they simplify your code and improve performance.
Unsettling Lessons: Teaching Indigenous Politics and Settler Colonialism in Political Science

Indigenous politics and history are central to and, indeed, intertwined with the history and politics of many if not most contemporary nations, yet the topics of indigenous politics and settler colonialism are rarely taught in undergraduate political science programs. This article outlines the pedagogical utility of an undergraduate course focused on indigenous history and politics, approached through a comparative race politics framework. The course on which this article is based compares state power and indigenous rights in the United States, Australia, and Latin America in historical context, but many variations are possible. The article first reviews the context for developing the course, the challenges related to teaching the subject, and my primary teaching objectives. It then outlines three pedagogical strategies applicable in other course frameworks and discusses positive learning outcomes I have observed as I refine this teaching area.
The Link between Onset Age and Adult Offending: The Role of Developmental Profiles

ABSTRACTStudies of the development of anti-social behavior from adolescence through adulthood have suggested that early onset of offending tends to be associated with a lengthier criminal career. Recently, Bacon and colleagues uncovered a somewhat divergent finding in that late onset of delinquency was associated with subsequent offending among members of the 1958 Philadelphia Birth Cohort. This paper furthers this line of research by adopting a different methodological orientation, a finite mixture-modeling framework, to the 1958 Cohort data. Findings suggest that late adolescence onset of delinquency is associated with more offending in adulthood. Direction for future research is discussed.
Total Resolution on New Mobile Market

Based on the problems on traditional coverage solution, it expounds the characteristics of Pico BTS around search function, frequency point planning, transmission network, indoor distribution system and equipment room. Final- ly it presents the typical application of Pico BTS with examples.
Room-temperature upconversion ultraviolet (381-nm) and violet (412-nm) laser in Nd3+:ZBLAN

Room-temperature upconversion lasing has previously been observed from Tm3+, Ho3+, Er3+, and Pr3+ ions in ZBLAN fibers at wavelengths as short as 480 nm.1−6 Lasing at 380 nm has been observed in Nd3+:LaF3 for temperatures up to 90 K, and lasing at 413 nm has been observed in Nd3+:YLiF4 for temperatures up to 40 K.7,8 The first demonstration of room-temperature lasing at 381 run and 412 ran in Nd3+:ZBLAN fiber is described here.
Would We Know It If We Saw It? Assessing Quality of Care in Group Homes for Youth:

This article proposes and examines a parsimonious framework for assessing quality in therapeutic residential care. The synthesized conceptual framework includes four potentially critical domains of quality: setting, staffing, safety, and treatment. Data from a recently completed quasi-experimental study of group homes were used to examine prevalence of various key indicators within each of these domains and to explore relationships between these indicators and youth-level outcomes. Findings suggest that, among this sample of licensed homes in a southeastern state, licensure may be an initial indicator of baseline quality. Beyond this most basic level, utilization of an evidence-informed model (in this case, the teaching family model) was associated with better outcomes. Net of model, findings suggest that positively focused motivational systems, youth’s perceptions of staff’s fairness and helpfulness, provision of age/interest-appropriate toys/books/games, more preservice training, and prohibition of phys...
Practical Design Aspects in Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis

The objective of this work is to present practical design consideration of fractional-N frequency synthesis focusing on different aspects from integer-N frequency synthesizer design. In this work, a ΔΣ fractional-N frequency synthesis technique for high spectral purity is primarily considered. Th ΔΣ fractional-N synthesizer offers several advantages over integer-N synthesizers and conventional fractional-N synthesizers. However, superior performance of the ΔΣ fractional-N synthesizer can be possibly limited by noise coupling, nonlinearity, and out-of-band phase noise performance. Design efforts and system perspectives both for the ΔΣ modulator and the PLL are needed to overcome those issues. System and circuit design aspects in ΔΣ fractional-N synthesizer design have been addressed followed by experimental hardware results.
Groundwater Thresholds for Root Decomposition and the Relation to Barrier Island Plant Communities

Thresholds for belowground decomposition rates based on nearness to groundwater were identified on a Virginia barrier island. Negative exponential decay rates (k = 0.310–0.915 yr.−1) varied according to average distance to the freshwater free surface, with lowest decay occurring in low elevations (marsh and deeper soils of a wooded swale), and highest decay occurring at mid to high elevations (surface soils in wooded swales and all dune sites). The majority of decay rate variances were explained by mean annual depth to the freshwater free surface (r2 = 0.78). Locations with mean annual groundwater depths greater than 0.95 m were substantially less affected by fluctuations in groundwater levels (r2 = 0.09) than where groundwater was near the soil surface (r2 = 0.83). Two vegetation-based decay thresholds were identified at mean annual groundwater depths of −0.041 m and 0.538 m, separating belowground decay into three groups (low, moderate, and high decay). These groups tended to correspond to the three interior barrier island plant communities (marsh, wooded swale, and dune), but with overlap. The groundwater free surface provides a useful metric that can be used in geospatial models to predict process rates and vegetation patterns in the dynamic barrier island landscape.
A Comparative Study of Distributed Constraint Algorithms

This research is motivated by a distributed scheduling problem in distributed sensor networks, in which computational resources are scarce. To cope with limited computational resources and restricted real-time requirement, it is imperative to apply distributed algorithms that have low overhead on resource requirement and high anytime performance. In this paper, we study distributed stochastic algorithm (DSA) and distributed breakout algorithm (DBA), two distributed algorithms developed earlier for distributed constraint satisfaction problems. We experimentally investigate their properties and compare their performance using our distributed scheduling problem as a benchmark. We first formulate the scheduling problem as a distributed multi-coloring problem. We then experimentally show that the solution quality and communication cost of DSA exhibit phase-transition or threshold behavior, in that the performance degenerates abruptly and dramatically when the degree of parallel executions of distributed agents increases beyond some critical value. The results show that when controlled properly, DSA is superior to DBA, having better or competitive solution quality and significantly smaller communication cost than DBA. Therefore, DSA is the choice of algorithm for our distributed scan scheduling problem.