cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformational selection in silico: Loop latching motions and ligand binding in enzymes

Ligand binding frequently induces significant conformational changes in a protein receptor. Understanding and predicting such conformational changes represent an important challenge for computational biology, including applications to structure-based drug design. We describe an approach to this problem based on the assumption that the holo state is at least transiently populated in the absence of a ligand; this hypothesis has been referred to as "conformational selection." Here, we apply a method that tests this hypothesis on a challenging class of ligand-induced conformational changes, which we refer to as loop latching: the closing of a loop around an active site that sequesters the ligand from solvent. The method uses a combination of replica exchange molecular dynamics and a loop prediction algorithm to generate low-energy loop structures, and docking to select the conformation appropriate for binding a particular ligand. On a test set of six proteins, it yields loop structures including hololike conformations, generally below 2 A RMSD from the liganded structure, for loops that span up to 15 residues. Docking serves as a stringent test of the predictions. In five of the six cases, the predicted loop conformations improve the ranks of cognate ligands relative to using the apo structure, although the results remain, in most cases, significantly worse than using a holo structure. The poses of the cognate ligands are correct in four of the six test cases, while they are correct for five of the six using a holo structure.
Apparent lack of physical or functional interaction between CaV1.1 and its distal C terminus.

CaV1.1 acts as both the voltage sensor that triggers excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal muscle and as an L-type Ca2+ channel. It has been proposed that, after its posttranslational cleavage, the distal C terminus of CaV1.1 remains noncovalently associated with proximal CaV1.1, and that tethering of protein kinase A to the distal C terminus is required for depolarization-induced potentiation of L-type Ca2+ current in skeletal muscle. Here, we report that association of the distal C terminus with proximal CaV1.1 cannot be detected by either immunoprecipitation of mouse skeletal muscle or by colocalized fluorescence after expression in adult skeletal muscle fibers of a CaV1.1 construct labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and cyan fluorescent protein on the N and C termini, respectively. We found that L-type Ca2+ channel activity was similar after expression of constructs that either did (YFP-CaV1.11860) or did not (YFP-CaV1.11666) contain coding sequence for the distal C-terminal domain in dysgenic myotubes null for endogenous CaV1.1. Furthermore, in response to strong (up to 90 mV) or long-lasting prepulses (up to 200 ms), tail current amplitudes and decay times were equally increased in dysgenic myotubes expressing either YFP-CaV1.11860 or YFP-CaV1.11666, suggesting that the distal C-terminal domain was not required for depolarization-induced potentiation. Thus, our experiments do not support the existence of either biochemical or functional interactions between proximal CaV1.1 and the distal C terminus.
Psychiatric and family functioning in children with leukemia and their parents.

Abstract The present study reports data from a cross-sectional investigation of the psychiatric and psychosocial functioning of 55 children diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia and their families at three points in time: diagnosis (newly diagnosed), 1 year postdiagnosis, and 1 year after the completion of chemotherapy (off-therapy). Results reveal minimal psychopathology in these children and their parents based on self-and informant-reports and structured diagnostic interviews. These families appear to be functioning adequately and report more family cohesiveness and marital satisfaction after chemotherapy was completed. Coping strategies commonly used by children and their parents include problem-solving, a positive outlook, and good communication. Implications for psychiatric consultation are presented.
Vital Tissues of the Spirit: Constitutional Emotions in the Antebellum United States

This Chapter provides a framework for examining the ambivalent and reciprocal relationship between emotions and constitutional law through three interrelated lenses: text, instrument, and symbol. In the years before the Civil War, discourse about feelings impacted institutional struggles for interpretive supremacy over the constitutional text, affected the Constitution’s ability to function as a legal mechanism for emotion management, and shaped its status as a national symbol.
A 350‐year atmospheric history for carbonyl sulfide inferred from Antarctic firn air and air trapped in ice

during 1650–1850 A.D. and increases throughout most of the twentieth century. Measurements of COS in modern air and in the upper layers of the firn at South Pole indicate ambient, annual mean mixing ratios between 480 and 490 ppt with substantial seasonal variations. Peak mixing ratios are observed during austral summer in ambient air at South Pole and Cape Grim, Tasmania (40.41� S). Provided COS is not produced or destroyed in firn, these results also suggest that atmospheric COS mixing ratios have decreased 60–90 ppt (10–16%) since the 1980s in high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The history derived for atmospheric mixing ratios of COS in the Southern Hemisphere since 1850 is closely related to historical anthropogenic sulfur emissions. The fraction of anthropogenic sulfur emissions released as COS (directly or indirectly) needed to explain the secular changes in atmospheric COS over this period is 0.3–0.6%. INDEX TERMS: 0325 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; KEYWORDS: atmosphere composition, carbonyl sulfide, stratosphere sulfate aerosol
An advanced Ge preamorphization salicide technology for ultra-thin-film SOI CMOS devices

In this letter, we propose a new approach to implement salicide on thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) through the amorphization of the source/drain (S/D) regions by a germanium implantation. The amorphous film greatly reduces the silicide formation energy and effectively controls the silicide depth. This results in a much lower thermal cycle and increased flexibility in the choice of metal thickness. SOI NMOS devices fabricated using this novel salicide technology have shown substantially reduced S/D resistance as well as good device performance. This technology is applicable to PMOS SOI MOSFETs as well.
Interstitial mycosis fungoides, a variant of mycosis fungoides resembling granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea

scale; and nodules on the trunk and proximal limbs. Two of five patients had a prior diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. Skin biopsies revealed a striking dermal interstitial infiltrate of lymphocytes with rare histiocytes that resembled the interstitial form of granuloma annulare or inflammatory morphea. Epidermotropic lymphocytes were present at least focally in all cases. A band-like lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in two of five cases. In contrast, many plasma cells and histiocytes were observed in cases of inflammatory morphea and interstitial granuloma annulare, respectively. With Movatpentachrome stains, increased dermal mucin deposition was observed in two of five IMF cases, in all cases of interstitial granuloma annulare, and in one of six cases of inflammatory morphea. There was focal loss of elastic fibers in all cases of inflammatory morphea. Immunohistochemical studies of IMF highlighted a dominant population of T cells (CD3„) in the dermis and epidermis. In contrast, moderate numbers of B cells (CD20„) were admixed with T cells
Firm Size and Economic Backwardness: A New Look at the French Industrialization Debate

This article challenges the traditional view of French industry—that small, inefficient family firms retarded France's economic growth—by examining data for the French textile and flour milling industries taken from the industry census of 1861–1865. The evidence suggests that the average size of French firms suited the economic and technological conditions of the day. The industries studied exhibit constant returns to scale over a wide output range. France would not seem likely to have gained much from larger firms. This is consistent with revisionist contentions that French industry was as rational as that of other nations.
The second wave of evolutionary economics in biology

Several core issues in economics and biology overlap substantially. At the theoretical level, these include analogies and differences among rational choice, learning, genetic evolution and cultural evolution. At the empirical level, they include the structure of decision making, its neural basis and, more generally, human nature. We illustrate here the increasingly important collaboration between economics and biology with several characteristic examples, including signaling, markets, statistical reasoning, cooperation, punishment, reputation and social norms. In contrast to the mutual borrowing of ideas during the 1970s and 1980s, we now see the joint exploration of empirical and theoretical issues by biologists and economists that constitutes a second wave of interactions between the two disciplines.
Perceived risk and the willingness to enroll in a diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention in Arab-Americans

The purpose was to examine whether self-reported perceived risk predicts willingness to enroll in DPP-adapted lifestyle intervention in Arab-Americans. Results document a positive relationship between perceived risk and willingness to engage in diabetes prevention activities. These findings imply that educational interventions communicating risk may improve adoption of diabetes preventative efforts.
Impact of Four Insecticides on Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Egg Predators and White Grubs in Turfgrass

Field experiments were conducted to measure the effects of four commonly used turfgrass insecticides (isofenphos, diazinon, imidacloprid, halofenozide) on white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and ant predators of white grub eggs. Ant populations were measured over time with canned tuna, whereas predation by the ants was measured with artificially placed Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, eggs. The effectiveness of each insecticide at controlling Japanese beetle grubs, when applied at different times during the growing season, also was measured. Isofenphos and diazinon significantly reduced both ant numbers and white grub egg predation, whereas imidacloprid and one halofenozide treatment did not significantly impact either measurement. A second halofenozide treatment significantly reduced white grub egg predation. Isofenphos and diazinon were ineffective at controlling Japanese beetle grubs when applied in June but were highly efficacious when applied in August. Evidence of enhanced biodegradation was found in plots that received both June and August applications of diazinon. Both June and August applications of imidacloprid and halofenozide provided good control of white grubs.
Reducing the Costs of Laboratory Instruction through the Use of On-Line Laboratory Instruction

This paper describes a new program for teaching undergraduate laboratories in the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania based on the idea that laboratories can be taught more efficiently, less expensively, and better through the use of World Wide Web-based technology. This technology is used to help the students prepare themselves before coming to the laboratory by becoming acquainted with the equipment, going through pre-lab exercises and taking pre-lab quizzes, both on the content of the work and on the safety considerations of the laboratory, all through web-based exercises. We have shown that by using web-based teaching tools we can both improve the quality of an undergraduate laboratory while, at the same time, reducing costs. We have accomplished this by making a number of changes in the way laboratory courses are offered:
Highly Scalable Digital Silicon Photonic MEMS Switches

Optical circuit switches with fast switching times can provide rapidly reconfigurable bandwidth in data center networks. Silicon photonic switches are attractive candidates with their fast response times and CMOS process compatibility. In this paper, we report on a 50 × 50 silicon photonic switch with MEMS-actuated vertical adiabatic couplers. The switch is monolithically integrated on a 7.6 × 7.6 mm2 chip. It has an on-chip insertion loss of 8.5 dB. Our switch exhibits a sub-microsecond switching time (0.85 μs), a broad spectral bandwidth (1400–1700 nm), and digital switching characteristic. The switch architecture is highly scalable as light passes through only one switching element irrespective of the switch size.
Barriers To Fair Housing Policy Implementation: Finance, Regulation, And Public Opinion

Housing policy in the United States currently emphasizes deconcentrating poverty to encourage equal access to opportunity (Imbroscio 2008). The equitable distribution of affordable housing across regions, otherwise known as ‘fair housing,’ represents a key factor in encouraging equity and opportunity (Briggs 2005; Galster and Killen 1995; Rosenbaum 1995). Developing this housing, however, is not a simple process. The necessity to compile complicated and delicate financing structures, to navigate local, regional, and state regulatory systems, and to appease a skeptical public, has thwarted the success of public policies designed to alleviate poor and unaffordable housing conditions. This chapter analyzes how each of these barriers can prevent advocates, developers, and policymakers from achieving affordability and access to opportunity through the production of federally subsidized housing. Understanding these barriers to implementation is an essential component of producing successful fair housing policies in the future.
C-arm technique using distance driven method for nephrolithiasis and kidney stones detection

Distance driven represents a state of art method that used for reconstruction for x-ray techniques. C-arm tomography is an x-ray imaging technique that provides three dimensional information of the object by moving the C-shaped gantry around the patient. With limited view angle, C-arm system was investigated to generate volumetric data of the object with low radiation dosage and examination time. This paper is a new simulation study with two reconstruction methods based on distance driven including: simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) and Maximum Likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM). Distance driven is an efficient method that has low computation cost and free artifacts compared with other methods such as ray driven and pixel driven methods. Projection images of spherical objects were simulated with a virtual C-arm system with a total view angle of 40 degrees. Results show the ability of limited angle C-arm technique to generate three dimensional images with distance driven reconstruction.
Goals Can Be Threatened to Extinction: Using the Stroop Task to Clarify Working Memory Depletion Under Stereotype Threat

Consensus is building that stereotype threat interferes with working memory, but how so? Grounded in the dual-process framework of Kane and Engle, the authors examined the extent to which stereotyp...
CIE 1960 UCS Diagram and the Müller Theory of Color Vision.

A close relationship has been shown to exist between the second stage of the Muller theory and the MacAdam 1937 (u, v)-diagram recommended in 1960 by the CIE for interim use as a chromaticity diagram having approximately uniform scales. By considering normal vision as a combination of protanopia and tritanopia as suggested by the Muller second stage, a more general measure of the perceived size of a chromaticity difference is developed than the length of the line connecting the two chromaticity points. The general measure is the square root of the sum of the squares of the angles subtended by the line at the convergence points of the chromaticity confusion lines for protanopia and tritanopia, respectively. By this measure the chromatic sensibility to wavelength change in the spectrum is accounted for quantitatively not only for protanopic and tritanopic vision, but also for normal vision including the secondary maximum of sensibility in the neighborhood of 420 nm.
Gonadotropin suppression for the treatment of karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure: a controlled trial*

Objective To determine if gonadotropin suppression improves ovarian follicle function or ovulation rates in patients with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure. Design Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Setting Tertiary care research institution. Interventions Two intervention phases lasting 4 months each: one placebo phase, and one treatment phase during which each patient received daily subcutaneous injections of 300 µ g of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) deslorelin. During both phases, patients took a standardized estrogen (E) replacement regimen. Patients, Participants Twenty-six patients with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure ranging in age from 18 to 39 years. Main Outcome Measures We measured serum estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P) levels weekly during the 2 months after each intervention. We defined a serum E 2 > 50 pg/mL (184 pmol/L) as evidence for ovarian follicle function and a serum P > 3.0 ng/mL (9.5 nmol/L) as evidence for ovulation. Results The GnRH-a therapy did not significantly enhance recovery of ovarian follicle function or the chance of ovulation. The power to detect a 40% and a 33% ovulation success rate with therapy was 0.95 and 0.83, respectively. We found evidence for ovarian follicle function in 11 of 23 women (48%), and 4 women (17%) ovulated. Conclusions Patients with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure treated with E replacement did not benefit from the additional gonadotropin suppression achieved with GnRH-a. Because these patients have a significant possibility of spontaneous remission, attempts to induce ovulation should be limited to controlled trials designed to determine safety and effectiveness.
Distribution, persistency, toxicity, and lack of replication of an E1A-deficient adenoviral vector after intracardiac delivery in the cotton rat.

Adenoviral vectors were inoculated via intracardiac injection into 5- to 1O-week-old cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) to evaluate the effects of systemic delivery. Cotton rats were chosen as a model because they are semipermissive to the replication of human adenoviruses. The vector used was AdV.RSV-tk, a replication-deficient adenovirus with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene inserted in the E1 region. Vector doses were 3 x 10(8), 3 x 10(9), and 3 x 10(10) viral particles per animal with and without ganciclovir at 10 mg/kg twice a day. Animals were sacrificed and necropsied at 24 hours, 7 days, and 14 days postinoculation. Gross and microscopic pathologic observations in dosed groups were compared with an unmanipulated control group. From each animal, 10 different organ systems were analyzed for histopathology and vector distribution. The only significant microscopic lesions observed were epicardial inflammation and splenic hemosiderosis. Vector sequences persisted throughout the 14-day assay with preponderance in the heart, lung, and lymphoid organs. Infectious virions were detected for 24 hours, and these virions were only detected at the site of injection of two animals in the highest dose group. No viral replication was detected. Therefore, systemic delivery of up to 3 x 10(11) viral particles/kg was well tolerated in this semipermissive host model and did not result in any significant pathology.
Voices from the Field: How California Stakeholders View Public Safety Realignment

Passage of California’s Public Safety Realignment Act (AB 109) initiated the most sweeping correctional experiment in recent history. Launched on October 1, 2011, Realignment shifted responsibility for most lower-level offenders from the state to California’s 58 counties. By mid-2013, more than 100,000 felons had been diverted from state prison to county jail or probation.This report summarizes the results of interviews conducted with California stakeholders responsible for implementing the law. Stanford Law School researchers conducted 125 interviews in 21 counties to produce a snapshot of how California is faring under Realignment so far. We talked with police, sheriffs, judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, probation and parole agents, victim advocates, offenders, and social service representatives. Our goal was to determine how Realignment had influenced their agency’s work and what changes they would make to the law.Our interviews revealed a justice system undergoing remarkable changes, arguably unprecedented in depth and scope. Stakeholders’ opinions varied widely, and their comments reflected their role in the system more than the county they represented.
Built to lie: Investigating technologies of deception, surveillance, and control

This article explores technological systems that dissimulate by design. Examples include untrustworthy hotel and workplace thermostats, digital applications to spy on workers and family members, and commercial and law-enforcement systems that surreptitiously collect mobile phone data. Rather than view such cases as exceptional, I argue that deceptive communication systems are hidden articulations of normal technological orders. If deception in itself is not the primary problem with such systems, then transparency alone cannot be the solution. As troubling as institutional opacity might be, an analysis of deceptive systems reveals more fundamental problems: imbalances in power and widespread acquiescence to corporate and state efforts to control individuals, groups, and their data. By moving beyond a quest for or belief in technological veracity, scholars could redirect attention to power inequalities and the pressing question of how to live together ethically.
Are Outness and Community Involvement Risk or Protective Factors for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Among Sexual Minority Women

Sexual minority women (SMW) are at increased risk for substance abuse compared to heterosexual women. Two psychosocial factors that have been implicated in SMW's substance abuse are outness and LGBT community involvement, but findings have been mixed as to whether these are risk or protective factors. One possible explanation is that they may have different consequences for subgroups of SMW (lesbians, bisexual women, and queer women). While being open about one's sexual orientation and involved in the community may be protective for lesbians, discrimination against bisexual women may lead these same factors to contribute to substance abuse for bisexual women. It is unclear how these associations will operate for queer women, given limited research on this subpopulation. The current study examined whether sexual identity moderated the associations between outness and community involvement with alcohol and drug abuse. We also examined whether perceived discrimination would help explain why these associations may be different for subgroups of SMW. A sample of 288 self-identified SMW (113 lesbians, 106 bisexual women, and 69 queer women) completed an online survey. Higher outness was associated with higher alcohol and drug abuse for bisexual women, but not for lesbians or queer women. Similarly, higher community involvement was associated with higher drug abuse for bisexual women, but not for lesbians or queer women. Among bisexual women, the association between community involvement and drug abuse was mediated by perceived discrimination. Further, the association between outness and drug abuse was mediated by both community involvement and perceived discrimination. Findings demonstrate that outness and community involvement function as risk factors for substance abuse for bisexual women, in part due to their associations with discrimination.
Rapid microfluidic mixing via rotating magnetic microbeads

Abstract Presented here is a novel method for mixing in a microfluidic channel via an array of rotating magnetic microbeads. The microbeads rotate around circular permalloy (NiFe) features magnetized by a rotating external magnetic field. This system demonstrates rapid mixing in short channel lengths. The effectiveness of this system is quantified by analyzing the degree of mixing of two streams, one with fluorescence and one without. Our experiments and numerical simulations reveal that beads orbiting at a high velocity as compared to flow down the channel cause the fluid to form circular coronae that stretch across the microchannel leading to fluid mixing. Under these conditions, rotating magnetic microbeads were able to fully mix the streams in a 270 μm mixing region.
Low-cost high-performance computing via consumer GPUs

Big data and machine learning are rapidly developing fields with evolving and increasingly diverse hardware requirements. The goal of this project was to demonstrate that an enterprise-ready, Warewulf-based HPC compute cluster could support heterogeneous hardware via the integration of a GPU compute server. The benefits of this were two-fold. First, the integration of the GPU compute server into the cluster would validate its ability to support heterogeneous hardware, demonstrating that our approach to HPC cluster management is an effective long-term strategy. Second, a GPU compute server would significantly reduce the runtime of experiments, increasing the rate at which research advancements are made.
Religiousness, Spirituality, and Substance Use: A Genetically Sensitive Examination and Critique:

A growing literature has linked religiousness and spirituality (R/S) to substance use and abuse. However, it is not clear that R/S has causal effects on substance use. Currently, there is a relative lack of genetically sensitive examinations in the literature attendant to R/S effects. Given that behavioral genetic analyses have illustrated the influence of genetic factors on substance use and adherence to R/S worldviews, genetic confounding is a concern. The current study employed a sample of monozygotic twins discordant on religiousness, spirituality, and spiritual transformation to assess effects on substance use and abuse. Bivariate and multivariate models indicated a general lack of effect of R/S on substance use and abuse but did illustrate a dampening influence of religiousness on general (but not problematic) alcohol use. The findings highlight the importance of controlling for genetic and shared familial factors in examinations of the religiousness–spirituality–substance use nexus.
The Pediatric Surgeon’s Role in Prenatal Counseling

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of surgical disease for which the pediatric surgeon may be called upon to provide prenatal counseling to parents. Many surgical diseases are detected prenatally and benefit from pediatric surgical consultation. Moreover, there are increasing numbers of fetal interventions that can be performed for certain diseases in select cases. For example, investigation of fetal tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (TOTAL trial) is underway, and therapy for congenital bilateral renal agenesis (RAFT trial) is in the planning phase. For these reasons, many pediatric surgical diseases should be referred to a fetal center. Prenatal diagnosis of surgical disease will continue to increase, and the pediatric surgeon will have an important role in prenatal counseling and management. Pediatric surgeons should have a working knowledge of these diseases and know which ones will benefit from a referral to a fetal center.
Student Veterans Reintegrating From the Military to the University With Traumatic Injuries: How Does Service Use Relate to Health Status?

Abstract Objective To examine the effects of campus services on the health of veterans with traumatic injuries and comorbidities as they return from military service and enter college. Design Cross-sectional Internet survey using a mixed-methods analysis approach. Setting Four-year urban research university. Participants Veterans returning from active military duty (N=127). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Surveys included standardized measures of health status, traumatic injuries, and functional impairment (PTSD Checklist, Civilian version; Veterans Health Administration traumatic brain injury [TBI] screen; and Veterans RAND-12 item Health Survey); use of campus services and perceived effectiveness of these services in supporting reintegration to the university; and recommendations for additional services. Results Quantitative and qualitative data revealed that student veterans experience high rates of chronic pain that interfere with their daily functioning (92.7%), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (77.9%), symptoms of TBI (26.0%), and comorbidities as the polytrauma clinical triad (14.2%). Despite the high prevalence of pain, PTSD, and TBI, few students used disability services (5.2%), counseling services (18.8%), or student health services (36.5%). Students experienced challenges accessing needed health services when reintegrating from the military to the university, including mutable university service factors. Conclusions Findings indicate the need for campus services to address the particular needs of student veterans and the need for determining what particular services should be offered to help this population cope with injuries and succeed in college.
Easy as PIE: A Recipe for Approaching the Areas of Responsibility and Competencies for Health Education Specialists:

Experiential learning to address the Areas of Responsibility and Competencies for health education specialists is scarce or limited in scope in the pedagogy literature. The purpose of this article ...
Hybrid phenolic-inducible promoters towards construction of self-inducible systems for microbial lignin valorization

Engineering strategies to create promoters that are both higher strength and tunable in the presence of inexpensive compounds are of high importance to develop metabolic engineering technologies that can be commercialized. Lignocellulosic biomass stands out as the most abundant renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels and chemicals. However, lignin a major polymeric component of the biomass is made up of aromatic units and remains as an untapped resource. Novel synthetic biology tools for the expression of heterologous proteins are critical for the effective engineering of a microbe to valorize lignin. This study demonstrates the first successful attempt in the creation of engineered promoters that can be induced by aromatics present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates to increase heterologous protein production. A hybrid promoter engineering approach was utilized for the construction of phenolic-inducible promoters of higher strength. The hybrid promoters were constructed by replacing the spacer region of an endogenous promoter, PemrR present in E. coli that was naturally inducible by phenolics. In the presence of vanillin, the engineered promoters Pvtac, Pvtrc, and Pvtic increased protein expression by 4.6-, 3.0-, and 1.5-fold, respectively, in comparison with a native promoter, PemrR. In the presence of vanillic acid, Pvtac, Pvtrc, and Pvtic improved protein expression by 9.5-, 6.8-, and 2.1-fold, respectively, in comparison with PemrR. Among the cells induced with vanillin, the emergence of a sub-population constituting the healthy and dividing cells using flow cytometry was observed. The analysis also revealed this smaller sub-population to be the primary contributor for the increased expression that was observed with the engineered promoters. This study demonstrates the first successful attempt in the creation of engineered promoters that can be induced by aromatics to increase heterologous protein production. Employing promoters inducible by phenolics will provide the following advantages: (1) develop substrate inducible systems; (2) lower operating costs by replacing expensive IPTG currently used for induction; (3) develop dynamic regulatory systems; and (4) provide flexibility in operating conditions. The flow cytometry findings strongly suggest the need for novel approaches to maintain a healthy cell population in the presence of phenolics to achieve increased heterologous protein expression and, thereby, valorize lignin efficiently.
The Real, the Fictional, and the Fake

Reality is rich, various, and multi-layered. The earth we humans inhabit is only one small corner of a vast universe, itself perhaps only one of many “multi-verses.” And in this small corner, natural reality is overlaid by a dense mesh of human creations, physical and mental, intellectual and imaginative. It isn’t easy, however, to articulate the ontological status of those imaginative creations: there really are fictional characters, etc., one wants to say, but those fictional characters, etc. aren’t real. But the air of paradox can be dispelled by noticing that in the metaphysical use in which it contrasts with “imaginary,” just as in the more humdrum use in which it contrasts with “fake, bogus,” the word “real” is short for “real X.” There are real fictional characters; but they aren’t real people, they’re mental constructions.Real: actually existing as a thing or occurring in fact, objective, genuine, rightly so called, natural, sincere, not purely nominal or supposed or pretended or artificial of hypocritical or affected. (Oxford English Dictionary).
From Consensual to Complex Multi-level Democracy: The Contours of Contestation and Collaboration in Spain

Espana ha utilizado su transicion a la democracia consensual y finalmente exitosa en sus esfuerzos de diplomacia publica. Sin embargo, la literatura inicial sobre la democratizacion se dividio sobre los beneficios de las transiciones consensuadas. En este articulo se reflexiona sobre las hipotesis prominentes en la literatura sobre la democratizacion de como los procesos de transicion (modos) afectan a la politica democratica posterior, sobre todo centrandose en como el modo de transicion podria afectar a la competitividad de las relaciones entre partidos en el parlamento. En lugar de ser explicado por el proceso de transicion, las relaciones entre partidos en Espana, en parte, se explica por la adaptacion de los partidos al ambiente electoral e institucional, que han evolucionado durante la historia democratica reciente de Espana
Operating statistics and analysis of relay protection for power system in the first half of 2002

This paper summarizes the operational status of relay protection for China's power system in the first half of2002,in which the cause-consequence analysis of operational failures of relay protection for generator,transformer,bus bar and transmission lines is given.The analyses of responsibility for the operational failures and improving measures are also presented in the paper.
Something about Conceptual Schemes

Despite tiresome explications ununderstanding may be rife and rampant. A fulsome detailing of particulars may aggravate without alleviating a failure of communication. Contrariwise, a choice grimace can sometimes suffice to convey even a subtle suggestion. Not prolixity however but an aspect of the etiology of ununderstanding is our immediate concern.
Improving the Quality of Library and Information Science Education in Countries Other than Canada and the United States: An Investigation Concerning Regulations and Guidelines.

Presentation des resultats d'une enquete menee sur quelques 95 programmes d'enseignement de la documentation dans 36 pays a l'occasion de la reunion de la commission International de l'Association de Formation pour les Sciences de l'Information (ALISE) en 1986
An implicit P-multigrid flux reconstruction method for simulation of locally preconditioned unsteady Navier–Stokes equations at low Mach numbers

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research through the award N00014-16-1-2735, and the faculty startup support from the department of mechanical engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). The hardware used in the computational studies is part of the UMBC High Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). The facility is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program (grant nos. CNS-0821258, CNS-1228778, and OAC-1726023) and the SCREMS program (grant no. DMS-0821311), with additional substantial support from UMBC.
Perspective on machine learning for advancing fluid mechanics

A perspective is presented on how machine learning methods might advance fluid mechanics. Current limitations are discussed, though the potential impact is deemed high, so long as outcomes are held to the long-standing critical standards that should guide studies of flow physics.
Steps to Diagnosis and the First Minute

This chapter will list the steps needed to reach a diagnosis of ASD, especially in the young child. The “ADOS” (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) test for ASD is introduced.
Suit of the Youth: ‘Intentional Pattern-Making’ Proof of Concept for Repurposing Apparel

The rate of apparel consumption and disposal has increased over recent years, resulting in an abundance of functional unwanted clothing, much of which ends in landfills. Transforming unwanted goods gives renewed value to these products and is one solution for diverting textile waste. The purpose of this design was to trial the 'repurposing design process' in order to suggest recommendations for continued research. The repurposing level focused in Suit of the Youth was intentional pattern-making, which involves deconstructing a garment and developing new patterns that are purposefully drafted and cut to utilize available fabric to ultimately produce a minimal waste new design. Original materials included a men's suit jacket and slacks. Silhouette inspiration was influenced by activewear and patterns were created and placed to feature original garment components such as pockets and belt loops. Control of excess material was addressed through pleats, flanges, and darts.
Assessing Outcomes of Intraoperative Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation versus Cardiopulmonary Bypass during Pediatric Lung Transplantation

Purpose Intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as the primary means of tissue oxygenation during pediatric lung transplantation has been increasingly used as an alternative to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Current literature in adults undergoing lung transplantation suggest a benefit of ECMO over CPB. However, there is limited data on the outcomes in children. We sought to determine outcomes of intraoperative ECMO versus CPB during pediatric lung transplantation at our institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric patients ( Results Of the 35 children who underwent lung transplantation over this period, 14 (40.0%) were transplanted on ECMO support while 21 (60.0%) were transplanted on CPB. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality at 30 days (0.0% ECMO vs 4.8 % CPB), 6 months (0.0% ECMO vs 11.1% CPB), or at 1 year post-transplant (14.3% ECMO vs 33.3% CPB). Other analyzed variables did not differ significantly (Table 1). Conclusion Although the use of ECMO as a primary means of tissue oxygenation in adult lung transplantation has shown a benefit when compared to CPB, this study shows no difference in outcomes within intraoperative and postoperative variables during pediatric lung transplantation. This data is representative of transplants within a single high-volume institution; data from additional institutions may strengthen these observations.
Towards resilient beef cattle production systems: Impact of truck contamination and information sharing on foot-and-mouth disease spreading

As cattle movement data in the United States are scarce due to the absence of mandatory traceability programs, previous epidemic models for U.S. cattle production systems heavily rely on contact rates estimated based on expert opinions and survey data. These models are often based on static networks and ignore the sequence of movement, possibly overestimating the epidemic sizes. In this research, we adapt and employ an agent-based model that simulates beef cattle production and transportation in southwest Kansas to analyze the between-premises transmission of a highly contagious disease, the foot-and-mouth disease. First, we assess the impact of truck contamination on the disease transmission with the truck agent following an independent clean-infected-clean cycle. Second, we add an information-sharing functionality such that producers/packers can trace back and forward their trade records to inform their trade partners during outbreaks. Scenario analysis results show that including indirect contact routes between premises via truck movements can significantly increase the amplitude of disease spread, compared with equivalent scenarios that only consider animal movement. Mitigation strategies informed by information sharing can dramatically improve the system resilience against epidemics, highlighting the benefit of promoting information sharing in the cattle industry. In addition, we identify salient characteristics that must be considered when designing an information-sharing strategy, including the number of days to trace back and forward in the trade records and the role of different cattle supply chain stakeholders. Sensitivity analysis results show that epidemic sizes are sensitive to variations in parameters of fomite survival time and indirect contact transmission probability and future studies can focus on a more accurate estimation of these parameters.
Factors Associated With Nephrology Fellowship Program Fill Rates

As roughly 60% of nephrology fellowship training tracks go unfilled each year, the nephrology community continues to search for explanations for this long-term trend ([1][1]). Although numerous reasons are proposed for the shortage of trainees entering the field ([2][2]), there has been no attempt
Cardiac, Vascular, and Renal Drugs

Abstract This book is intended as a guide to help the clinician determine where a visual problem is a drug-induced ocular side effect. We continually review spontaneous case reports from the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, the World Health Organization, the Food and Drug Administration, and the world literature. We have attempted to classify a suspected adverse event with our impression to causality (i.e. certain, probable, unlikely, conditional/unclassified). This chapter discusses cardiac, vascular, and renal drugs including drugs used to treat migraine, antianginal drugs, antiarrythmic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, bronchodilators, diuretics, osmotics, peripheral vasodilators, and vasopressors.
Establishing correlation of axial and vertical force of cardiac artificial tissue using a novel micromachined sensor

Abstract Cardiomyocytes iPSC (iPSC-CMs) have great potential for cell therapy, drug assessment, and for understanding the pathophysiology and genetic underpinnings of cardiac diseases. Contraction forces are one of the most important characteristics of cardiac function and are predictors of healthy and diseased states. Cantilever techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, measure the vertical force of a single cell, while systems designed to more closely resemble the physical heart function, such as cardiac tissue on posts, measure the axial force. One important question is how do these two force measurements correlate? By establishing a correlation of the axial and vertical force we will be one step closer in being able to use single cell iPSC instead of more elaborate human engineered tissue or animal heart tissue as models. A novel micromachined sensor for measuring force contractions of artificial tissue has been developed. Using this novel sensor a correlation between axial force and vertical force is experimentally established. This finding supports the use of vertical measurements as an alternative to tissue measurements.
Examining aberrations due to depth of field in holographic pupil replication waveguide systems

Pupil expansion using waveguide propagation and pupil replication has been a popular method of developing head-up displays and near-to-eye displays. This paper examines one of the limits of pupil replication, which involves projecting images at a finite distance through a single waveguide by holographic optical elements and seeing the image doubling artifact. A Zemax model and a demonstrator were developed to determine the cause of image doubling. A relationship between the designed outcoupled image distance of a waveguide, pupil size, optical path length, and angle of image doubling is established. In waveguide pupil replication, the internally propagating light should be close to collimated to mitigate image doubling. We also provide a solution to project the image at different distances, which is an important factor for some applications, such as automotive head-up display and the seamless integration of augmented reality information with the natural environment.
Perceptions of Long-Term Care Nurses and Nursing Assistants about Communication Related to Residents’ Care

Context: Research shows ineffective healthcare team communication is linked to sentinel and adverse healthcare events (Gooch 2016; Robson 2016; Wagner et al. 2018). Long-term care (LTC) facilities face unique challenges of caring for frail elderly (Young 2003), who are at increased risk for cascading negative health events beginning with functional decline (Lakshmi 2014). Frequent, effective nursing team communication is essential to providing safe care for these individuals. (Castle 2007; Cortes et al. 2004; Foulkes 2011; Griffin et al. 2016; Howe 2013; Madden et al. 2017; Siegel & Young 2010). Objective: The purpose of this study was to use findings from a survey of staff to inform a quality improvement initiative (Appendix A) to enhance nursing team communication. The study explored the perceptions of LTC nursing staff (i.e., registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) about their communication related to resident care. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was used to explore perceptions of nursing staff working in a LTC setting about their communication. Findings: All levels of nursing staff contributed useful information regarding nursing staff communication, including their contributions, their communication, the frequency of communication, and the methods of communicating. Limitations: This study was done at one LTC facility, which limits the generalizability of the findings, though the study can be replicated easily at the city, state, regional, or national level to explore LTC nursing team communication in public and private facilities, including government LTC facilities (i.e., for veterans). Implications: Evidence-based standardized communication tools succinctly implemented for communication between nursing staff will bridge patient care communication barriers and positively impact teamwork, leadership, and workplace culture while improving resident and facility outcomes.