cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Affective-Social Responses of Rhesus Monkeys

1. These researches investigated the stereotyped affective-social responses of adult male and female rhesus monkeys to human observers and to a situation designed to produce conflict. 2. In the first experiment threat responses to the human observer were scored on a four point scale by three observers working independently. Each observer obtained significantly more frequent and intense threat reactions from female than from male subjects. 3. In a second experiment, food was presented in proximity to an aversive stimulus and records were obtained of threat reactions, lipsmacking, fear grimaces, and food acceptance. Females displayed significantly more threat responses and fear grimaces. Differences between sexes in lipsmacking and food acceptance were in the expected direction, but were not statistically significant.
Algebras and triangle relations

Abstract In this paper the new concept of an n -algebra is introduced, which embodies the combinatorial properties of an n -tensor, in an analogous manner to the way ordinary algebras embody the properties of compositions of maps. The work of Turaev and Viro on 3-manifold invariants is seen to fit naturally into the context of 3-algebras. A new higher dimensional version of Yang-Baxter's equation, distinct from Zamolodchikov's equation, which resides naturally in these structures, is proposed. A higher dimensional analogue of the relationship between the Yang-Baxter equation and braid groups is then seen to exhibit a similar relationship with Manin and Schechtman's higher braid groups.
A low-cost microcomputer based direct load control scheme for small electric utilities

Abstract A low-cost microprocessor based direct load control scheme is described. The scheme is particularly suitable for small- to medium-sized public utilities which do not possess large financial resources to implement a large-scale SCADA based load management system. The system is designed around the 8-bit 68HC11 microcontroller manufactured by Motorola. The hardware consists of two basic systems: the transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter consists of a PC, and HC11 Evaluation Board and a radio transmitter. The receiver consists of the radio receiver and an HC11 running in single-chip mode. The system uses an addressing scheme to control up to four loads at each of 4095 different receiver sites. It uses redundant data transmission to ensure error-free operation.
Potential carcinogenic and mutagenic industrial chemicals. I. Alkylating agents

A variety of alkylating agents, acylating agents, peroxides, halogenated derivatives, and nitrogen derivatives have been reviewed, principally in terms of their synthesis, areas of utility, stability, distribution, reactivity, levels of exposure, population at risk, metabolism, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity.
Reduced substance P-like immunoreactivity in hereditary sensory neuropathy of pointer dogs.

Two unrelated Pointer dogs, each from a breeding of normal parents which produced three affected pups in a litter of nine, began to bite their paws at 3 and 5 months of age. Insensitivity to painful stimuli was marked in the distal parts of the limbs and receded proximally. The affected dogs were euthanatized at 5 and 20 months because of acral mutilation and infection. Changes affecting the primary sensory neurons included: small spinal ganglia with reduced numbers of cell bodies, degeneration of unmyelinated and myelinated fibers in dorsal roots and peripheral nerves, and reduced fiber density in the dorsolateral fasciculus (dlf).
Quantum-well-based phonon detectors; performance analysis

We investigate the use of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with a weakly confined two-dimensional electron gas as phonon detectors. Quantum phonon absorption efficiency is calculated using first-order perturbation theory. The detector is found to be sensitive to longitudinal acoustic phonons in the energy range corresponding to that of the energy spacing between the first and second levels of the confinement potential. Both the angular and energy response functions are found to be sharp and strongly dependent on the spatial extent of the electron wave function in the confinement direction.
Technical note: MR compatible winged infusion set

Winged infusion sets are useful for short term venous infusion in a variety of applications and may be used without problem during CT scanning, ultrasound, or most other medical imaging applications. Drawbacks of using these standard winged infusion sets during MR scanning are torque and imaging artifacts. We describe a new MR compatible infusion set that overcomes these problems.
Automatic Software Hardware Co-Design for Reconfigurable Computing Systems

A formal methodology for automatic hardware-software partitioning and co-scheduling between the muP and the field programmable gate array (FPGA) has not yet been established. Current work in automatic task partitioning and scheduling for the reconfigurable systems strictly addresses the FPGA hardware, and does not take advantage of the synergy between the microprocessor and the FPGA. In this research, we consider the problem of formalizing a co-scheduling methodology and develop a set of intuitive tools to assist users in realizing the full potential of an RC architecture. Scheduling is critical for efficient resource utilization and achieving speedup in high performance reconfigurable computers (HPRC). The primary targets of this research are reconfigurable computing (RC) systems that have both microprocessors and FPGAs.
Low temperature effect upon third- and fourth-instar cigarette beetle larvae.

Third- and 4th-instar larvae of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) died in 3 weeks on cornmeal at 4.4°C and 75% RH. At 7.2°C, 3rd instars died in 3 weeks and 4th instars in 5 weeks. At 10°C after 11 weeks of exposure, 60% of the 3rd instars and 20% of the 4th instars were dead. Both larval instars were less susceptible to cold injury at 10°C in atmospheres of 65 or 75% RH than in drier atmospheres of 45 or 55% RH. Longer exposure of larvae to low temperature generally led to longer emergence times for adults after the larvae were transferred to 26.7°C and 70% RH. There were no differences in weights of emerged adults attributable to treatments.
A new and easy method of stabilizing casts with cyanoacrylate

The materialused to stabilize the casts should be strong and stiff, yetbrittle enough to break off when there is a slight move-ment between the related casts. Sticky wax has all theproperties mentioned above. However, it does not ad-here to a damp gypsum surface.Zapit, a rapid-setting cyanoacrylate material (DentalVentures of America, Anaheim, Calif.) comes in a base(ethyl a-cyanoacrylate) and accelerator spray (99% 1,1,1Trichloroethane with traces of dimethyl-p-toluidine).
Spectral measurements of incipient plasma temperature and electron number density during laser ablation of aluminum in air

Plasmas generated during incipient laser ablation of aluminum in air were studied using emission spectroscopy. A plasma emission model was developed, invoking one-dimensional radiative transfer, to describe the observed emission spectra, while taking into account the effects of continuum radiation. Theoretical spectra were calculated and compared to experimental spectra in the range 387–406 nm. Satisfactory agreement was found between the experimental and predicted spectra, especially at delay times of 30–200 ns, thus providing plasma temperatures and electron number densities as functions of delay time and laser irradiance (1.8–8.0 GW/cm2). In general, both the plasma temperature and electron number density rise at greater laser irradiances but drop at increasing delay times, with a more rapid drop for delay times less than 60 ns.
A Comparison of Academic Achievement and Adherence to the Common School Ideal in Public and Catholic Schools

This article examines two critical questions related to equality of educational opportunity. First, does the academic advantage that was observed in Catholic high schools more than two decades ago continue to hold for contemporary students in Catholic middle schools? Second, how closely do different school sectors adhere to the common school ideal? Answers to these questions are central to efforts to reduce educational inequalities. The study reported here relies on data from sixth- and eighth-grade students in the Chicago School Study, a longitudinal survey of Chicago public schools, and the Chicago Catholic School Study, a survey of all the Catholic schools in the Archdiocese of Chicago. These school systems are the third largest public and largest Catholic school systems in the United States. The results show no consistent sector differences in achievement gains in sixth and eighth grades in reading and mathematics. Moreover, background characteristics vary by school sector, and neither sector eliminat...
Freeze-Thaw Durability and Salt Scaling Resistance Assessment of Portland Cement Concrete Composite Pavement

The SHRP 2 R21 project on composite pavement investigated the durability of various mixtures of portland cement concrete (PCC) used in the construction of a two-layer composite PCC pavement. Project consultants in Europe, where composite PCC over PCC pavement was more common than in the United States, advised the R21 research team to consider using the CIF (capillary suction, internal damage, and freeze-thaw) standard of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems, and Structures (RILEM), Paris, rather than the familiar ASTM standards. As a result, the R21 project adopted the RILEM CIF standard to evaluate the freeze-thaw durability and salt scaling resistance of concretes. The research also explored a modified RILEM CIF test (using pure water instead of a sodium chloride solution in scaling tests) alongside the standard RILEM CIF tests. The paper describes this experience to expose other institutions and agencies in the United States to the RILEM standards for t...
Observation of a surface state in overlayers of Au on Pt/001/

Angle-resolved photoemission experiments on ordered Au overlayers deposited in vacuo on a Pt{001} substrate show a peak located 7.1 eV below the Fermi level which has many of the properties of a surface state. The peak has no energy dispersion in the photon-energy range from 40 to 110 eV; its intensity, relative to neighboring peaks, is a function of the thickness of the Au overlayers and decreases when the coverage exceeds 1 monolayer. The relative intensity is also a function of the photon energy and reaches a maximum at 84 eV, which corresponds to a final-state momentum predicted by the theory of Louie et al. for surface-state oscillations. Finally, energy position and dispersion agree well with calculations of Wang et al. for Au-covered Pt{001} surfaces. We suggest that this peak is produced by a surface state below the d band at the \ensuremath{\Gamma}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} point of the Au overlayers. We also suggest that this state exists on {001} and {111} surfaces of bulk Au, and that the surface states observed around 5 eV on {001} and {111} surfaces of Cu have the same origin.
A control scheme for a class of discrete nonlinear stochastic systems

A control scheme is presented for effective stabilization of discrete-time, nonlinear stochastic systems where the nonlinearity involves a zero-mean, independent random sequence. The control is of a constant feedback type and makes use of finite time solutions of a Riccati-like matrix difference equation. Stability results are both in terms of mean square and almost sure stochastic stability. Moreover, a matrix inequality is given to check the existence of weighting matrices which would result in a stable regulator problem.
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen

The recent creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate of atomic hydrogen has added a new system to this exciting field. The differences between hydrogen and the alkali metal atoms require other techniques for the initial trapping and cooling of the atoms and the subsequent detection of the condensate. The use of a cryogenic loading technique results in a larger number of trapped atoms. Spectroscopic detection is well suited to measuring the temperature and density of the sample in situ. The transition was observed at a temperature of 50 μK and a density of 2×1014 cm-3. The number of condensed atoms is about 109 at a condensate fraction of a few percent. A peak condensate density of 4.8×1015 cm-3 has been observed.
Public Opinion on the Psychological and Legal Aspects of Televising Rape Trials

Public opinion about electronic media coverage of rape trials was examined using a cross-sectional random probability survey sample of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. Public beliefs about the legal and constitutional issues, the psychological effects of the media on trial participants, and the extended effects of media coverage on the public were examined. Descriptive results indicated that the public generally disapproved of electronic media coverage of courtroom trials. More importantly, women reported that they would be less likely to report a rape knowing that other rape trials had been televised. A multiple regression analysis relating beliefs to approval of televising rape trials showed that disapproval was most closely related to respondents' views of the symbolic constitutional issues. A second multiple regression analysis indicated that believing that “televising rape trials would increase a rape victim's trauma” was most highly related to women's behavioral intention to report a rape.
Excited state protonation of phenylpyridines

Abstract A study of the excited state behavior of 2-, 3- and 4-phenylpyridines indicates that their fluorescence in water is due to excited state protonation, with a relative efficiency of 0.17:0.62:1.0 respectively, which decreases with the pKa value of the phenylpyridinium ion. No fluorescence is observed for the neutral molecule in organic solvents nor in basic medium. 2-Phenylpyridine, which has the smallest torsional energy and ground state pKa value, undergoes a sixfold increase in fluorescence as the phenylpyridinium ion in acidic medium relative to that in water. Results are consistent with pKa*=9.0±0.5 for the phenylpyridinium ion of the three molecules. Fluorescence and phosphorescence data support the view that these molecules become increasingly planar in the triplet state: their fluorescence behavior is similar to that of nitrogen heterocyclic (substituted pyridine), but their phosphorescence behavior is similar to that of substituted benzene, biphenyl. CNDO/S semi-empirical calculations for 3-phenylpyridine satisfactorily predict an inversion of n,π and π,π states upon protonation.
Human resources in an enriched environment of business intelligence

Purpose – While many organizations are starting to use business intelligence (BI) in many areas of their businesses and make substantial gains, they have taken little advantage of this in the human resources (HR) management area. The purpose of this paper is to advance BI and data analytics technologies as precursors to the design of HR management protocols and database strategies.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the fact that the increasing prevalence of globalization is driven by a number of factors including growing consumers in developing countries, technological progress, and worldwide workforce diversity. HR departments of global companies must implement BI techniques and assemble global databases that obtain information such as employee's attrition and hiring, compensation and benefits, ethnic, gender, cultural, and nationality distributions. By applying advanced analytical techniques on the global database, human resources professionals will acquire intelligent business insight, p...
The diguanylate cyclase GcbA facilitates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dispersion by activating BdlA

Biofilm dispersion is a highly regulated process that allows biofilm bacteria to respond to changing environmental conditions and to disseminate to new locations. The dispersion of biofilms formed by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to require a number of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP)-degrading phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and the chemosensory protein BdlA, with BdlA playing a pivotal role in regulating PDE activity and enabling dispersion in response to a wide array of cues. BdlA is activated during biofilm growth via posttranslational modifications and nonprocessive cleavage in a manner that is dependent on elevated c-di-GMP levels. Here, we provide evidence that the diguanylate cyclase (DGC) GcbA contributes to the regulation of BdlA cleavage shortly after initial cellular attachment to surfaces and, thus, plays an essential role in allowing biofilm cells to disperse in response to increasing concentrations of a variety of substances, including carbohydrates, heavy metals, and nitric oxide. DGC activity of GcbA was required for its function, as a catalytically inactive variant could not rescue impaired BdlA processing or the dispersion-deficient phenotype of gcbA mutant biofilms to wild-type levels. While modulating BdlA cleavage during biofilm growth, GcbA itself was found to be subject to c-di-GMP-dependent and growth-mode-specific regulation. GcbA production was suppressed in mature wild-type biofilms and could be induced by reducing c-di-GMP levels via overexpression of genes encoding PDEs. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that the regulatory functions of c-di-GMP-synthesizing DGCs expand beyond surface attachment and biofilm formation and illustrate a novel role for DGCs in the regulation of the reverse sessile-motile transition of dispersion.
Uncertainty analysis on the righthand side for MILP problems

A systematic framework is developed to solve the parametric mixed integer linear programming (pMILP) problems where uncertain parameters are present on the righthand side (RHS) of the constraints. For the case of multiple uncertain parameters, a new algorithm of multiparametric linear programming (mpLP) is proposed, which solves a number of nonlinear problems (NLP) iteratively. At each iteration, a point at which the objective value cannot be represented by the current optimal functions is found, and the new optimal function is included in the next iteration. Given the range of uncertain parameters in a MILP problem, the output of this proposed framework is a set of optimal integer solutions and their corresponding critical regions and optimal functions. A number of examples are presented to illustrate the applicabilities of the proposed approach and comparison with existing techniques. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 52: 2486 –2495, 2006
Kinetics of muonic helium in muon-catalyzed d-d and d-t fusion.

An accurate kinetics treatment is applied to the muonic helium atoms formed by a muon's sticking to the charged particle produced in muon-catalyzed d-d and d-t fusion. Cross sections for l- and n- changing transitions are included to describe density-dependent stripping and x-ray production. Coupled with recent accurate calculations of the initial sticking, the results are generally in very good agreement with experiments. The noteworthy exception is that the density dependence of the sticking is much weaker than previously observed, in agreement with preliminary results of a new experiment.
X-ray surface reflection and transmission topography of magnetic domain walls in Czochralski-grown nickel single crystals

Ferromagnetic domain walls are observed in large Czochralski-grown nickel single crystals by X-ray double crystal diffraction topography in the surface reflection geometry as well as in the transmission geometry. The images of magnetic domain walls in surface reflection topographs possess almost as good contrast as those in transmission topographs, and even reveal fine detailed structure. Based on preliminary arguments, the images observed in the surface reflection topographs are attributed to 180° walls intersecting the crystal surface obliquely, while the transmission topographs easily image 71° and 109° walls in the interior of the crystals.
End-element anomalies in medical ultrasonic piezo-composite arrays

Piezoelectric composites are commonly used in medical diagnostic ultrasonic imaging arrays. The performance of the array elements at either end of the array can differ from that of array elements away from the ends. There is some general understanding about the origin of these effects (such as different acoustic impedance), and some standard compensatory designs exist (such as adding unused array elements further on the end than the last used array element). This work seeks to elucidate the origins of these end-element anomalies and to propose corresponding design changes. A commercially produced array with notable end-element anomalies is examined as a case study. Results from experiments and finite element analysis indicate that, in the presence of a stiffness discontinuity within the composite (such as poled elements adjacent to unpoled ones), a secondary wave that propagates laterally through the composite may be generated during the receive transduction. This wave appears to cause the anomalous behavior observed in the signals and metrics of the end elements. Changing the electrical loading of an element and poling the unused, previously unpoled elements are explored as anomalymitigating design alterations. The latter of these 2 initially appears to be the more effective solution.
Influence of pretherapy induction upon the outcome of a self-control weight reduction program*

One hundred female and 20 male volunteers were assigned to one of four experimental conditions in a study of the effects of a pretreatment self-control success on weight loss. Subjects receiving pretreatment training practiced the use of a distraction task in enhancing their tolerance of noxious stimulation; subjects in a pretreatment information condition received information, but no experience, on self-control. Subjects in the above two groups met, along with subjects in a treatment alone group, for 7 weeks in groups designed to instigate weight loss using self-control techniques. A fourth group, delayed treatment, served as a no treatment control. Subjects' weights were taken prior to treatment, at treatment termination, and at a 3 month follow-up. Pretreatment training facilitated the maintenance of weight loss up to the 3 month follow-up. Isolation and manipulation of subjects' expectancies of treatment success may enhance the maintenance of behavior change.
Ethynylene-disilanylene copolymers

Polymers of structure (SiR2SiR2-C ≡ C-SiR2′SiR2′-C ≡ C) n , in which ethynylene units alternate with disilylene units, have been prepared by two routes: (a) condensation of dichlorodisilanes with dilithium derivatives of 1,2-diethynyldisilanes and (b) ring-opening polymerization of strained cyclic disilanylene-acetylnes, (SiR2SiR2C ≡ C)2. The polymers display UV absorption near 240 nm indicative of σ − π conjugation between the Si2 and the C ≡ C moieties. Polymers with R=R′=n-Bu or R=n-Bu, R′=Ph, undergo solid-state transitions to form liquid crystalline mesophases resembling those observed for many poly(silylenes). Single crystals were obtained for the polymer with R=R′=CH3, by precipitation from dilute cyclohexane solution. The solid-state properties and structures of this family of polymers are discussed.
Return detection for outdoor active triangulation

Active triangulation is a well-established technique for collecting range data. Use of low-power systems in environments with high ambient light is motivated by considerations of price, portability and eye safety. However, when environment light is high, detection of laser return can be challenging. A method combining filtering of specialized low-level features with dynamic programming is proposed. Results are achieved in these challenging conditions comparable to results achieved with current techniques under ideal conditions.
Redistribution of rat brain esterases during subcellular fractionation

Abstract Carboxylic ester hydrolases (nonspecific esterases) and acetylcholinesterase were determined in particulate fractions of rat cerebrum after differential and density-gradient centrifugation. The crude mitochondrial fraction was osmotically shocked by distilled water. When related to the total activity of the original homogenate, 12% of nonspecific esterases and 18.5% of acetylcholinesterase were recovered in the crude mitochondrial fraction. Assays of mitochondrial subfractions showed that 68 and 63.8% of these enzyme activities respectively were recovered in the myelin. The high activity of the myelin subfraction appeared to be due to artifactual redistribution of enzyme. The amount of enzyme released and subsequently bound to subcellular membranes during preparative manipulations might depend on protein-lipid interactions. The synaptic membrane subfraction retained by 0.9 M sucrose differed from the other subfractions in the degree of retention of membrane-bound enzymes during suspension in media of varying pH, osmolality and ionic concentration. These membranes may have a special and physiologically significant molecular organization which differs from that of other membrane fractions.
MORAL JUDGMENT AND LIBERAL-CONSERVATIVE ATTITUDE

The study's aim was to evaluate the hypothesis that the Survey of Ethical Attitudes by Hogan was actually a measure of liberal-conservative attitude. A sample of 81 men and women was administered t...
The role of clinical guidelines in patient care: thyroid hormone replacement in women of reproductive age.

Background: Clinical guidelines have a role in medical education and in the standardization of patient care. However, it is not clear whether guidelines created by subspecialists reach relevant practicing physicians or influence patient care. In 2007 the Endocrine Society released “Guidelines on the Management of Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy and Postpartum.” The objective of this study was to characterize the role of these guidelines in provider education and in subsequent patient care decisions. Method: In 2009 three waves of mail surveys were distributed to 1601 Wisconsin health care providers with a history of providing obstetric care. Survey participants were members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists or the American Academy of Family Physicians. There were 881 returned surveys (55%) and 575 were eligible for the study (adjusted rate 52.5%). Results: Although only 11.5% of providers read the Endocrine Society's guidelines, reading the guidelines was associated with incr...
The relationship of heart rate and heart rate variability to non-diabetic fasting glucose levels and the metabolic syndrome: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background Increased heart rate (HR) and diminished heart rate variability (HRV) are signs of early cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. We tested the hypotheses that increased HR and diminished HRV are present in people: (i) with increased fasting glucose (FG) levels not in the range of diabetes mellitus (DM), and (ii) in people with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) independent of elevated FG levels. Methods HR and HRV were determined in 1267 adults (mean age 72 years) who had Holter monitoring and FG measures: 536 had normal FG levels (NORM, FG 4.5–5.5 mmol/l), 363 had mildly impaired FG (IFG-1, FG 5.6–6.0 mmol/l), 182 had significantly impaired FG (IFG-2, FG 6.1–6.9 mmol/l) and 178 had DM (FG > 6.9 mmol/l or use of glucose-lowering agents/insulin). HR and HRV in NORM/IFG-1 was further compared by the number of components of the MetS and compared by the presence or absence of MetS in IFG-2/DM. Results HRV indices were more impaired in IFG-2 and DM than in NORM or IFG-1. There were few differences in HRV indices between NORM and IFG-1 or between IFG-2 and DM. In NORM/IFG-1 participants, having ≥ 2 components of the MetS was associated with a greater decrease in HRV compared with having no or one components. In IFG-2/DM participants, MetS was associated with decreased HRV compared with no MetS. Conclusions Increased HR and diminished HRV occur in the non-diabetic FG range. Diminished HRV is associated with the MetS, independent of FG levels. Both these results suggest that factors associated with increasing non-diabetic FG levels and the MetS play a role in the onset of cardiac autonomic impairment.
Long-Term Outcomes of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis: Differential Survival by Amyloid Type

Purpose Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) due to cardiac amyloidosis (CAM) is controversial because of concerns about long-term survival and recurrence in the allograft. Since AL amyloid is a systemic disease we hypothesized that long term outcomes of OHT in CAM would differ between primary (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) CAM. Methods and Materials We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients with CAM undergoing OHT surgery at our institution, from July 2001 to July 2012. Patients were grouped based on CAM type as having AL or TTR amyloidosis. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality after OHT. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine actuarial survival. Results When stratified into AL (n=15) and TTR (n=11) groups, patients were 51.2±7 and 55.8±8 years old (p=0.077), had preoperative serum creatinine of 1.33±0.45 and 1.75±0.89 (p=0.13), respectively, and included 69% males. Mean follow-up was 28.9±31.3 months (range 2-110). Corresponding in-hospital mortality was not noted. Of 15 AL patients undergoing successful OHT, stem cell transplantation was performed in 13 (3 prior to OHT) and 3 had recurrence of CAM whereas recurrence was not noted in TTR patients. Twelve patients (46%) died during follow-up; 9 AL patients and 3 with TTR. The mean survival time was 8± 29.9 months for the patients who died. Survival for CAM patients undergoing OHT was similar in both groups at 1 month. However, the AL group compared to TTR had significantly lower 5-year survival (44.4±13.2% vs. 71.4±17.1%; p = 0.029). [ figure 1 ] Conclusions Survival differs between AL and ATTR cardiac amyloidosis after OHT with a significantly better survival for TTR CAM patients.
Real-time processing in picture naming in adults who stutter: ERP evidence.

Objective: The aim was to compare real-time language/cognitive processing in picture naming in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically-fluent adults (TFA). Methods: Participants named pictures preceded by masked prime words. Primes and target picture labels were identical or mismatched. Priming effects on naming and picture-elicited ERP activity were analyzed. Vocabulary knowledge correlations with these measures were assessed. Results: Priming improved naming RTs and accuracy in both groups. RTs were longer for AWS, and correlated positively with receptive vocabulary in TFA. Electrophysiologically, posterior-P1 amplitude negatively correlated with expressive vocabulary in TFA versus receptive vocabulary in AWS. Frontal/ temporal-P1 amplitude correlated positively with expressive vocabulary in AWS. Identity priming enhanced frontal/posterior-N2 amplitude in both groups, and attenuated P280 amplitude in AWS. N400 priming was topographically-restricted in AWS. Conclusions: Results suggest that conceptual knowledge was perceptually-grounded in expressive vocabulary in TFA versus receptive vocabulary in AWS. Poorer expressive vocabulary in AWS was potentially associated with greater suppression of irrelevant conceptual information. Priming enhanced N2-indexed cognitive control and visual attention in both groups. P280-indexed focal attention attenuated with priming in AWS only. Topographically-restricted N400 priming suggests that lemma/word form connections were weaker in AWS.
Formation of novel hairpin structures by telemeric C-strand oligonucleotides

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of chromosomes that are required for long term chromosome stability and replication of the chromosomal terminus. Telomeric DNA consists of simple repetitive sequences with one strand G-rich relative to the other, C-rich, strand. Evolutionary conservation of this feature of telomeric repeat sequences suggests that they have specific structural characteristics involved in telomere function. Absorbance thermal denaturation, chemical modification and non-denaturing gel electrophoretic analyses showed that telomeric C-strand oligonucleotides form stable non-Watson-Crick hairpin structures containing C.C+ base pairs. Formation of such hairpins may facilitate previously reported G-strand exclusive interactions.
Applying software engineering to simulation

Software engineering is a collection of techniques for developing and maintaining large programs. New techniques are necessary because techniques that work for small programs are inadequate for designing, coding, testing, and maintaining large systems. Although some software engineering techniques require special computerized tools, many are easy to apply and can be used by simulationists working in any environment. In particular, simula tionists can take advantage of chief programmer teams, structured walkthroughs, structured analysis and design, software develop ment systems, structured programming, standardized coding con ventions, and top-down testing.
Discussions on Induced Polarization: Authors' First Reply

Dr. James R. Wait invited us to comment on his discussion of our paper in the July, 1957, issue of Geophysics. We are grateful for this opportunity, since a clarification of some basic concepts appears necessary.
Codes for the correction of 'clustered' errors

A method is described which permits the systematic construction of codes capable of error-free transmission, provided errors occur in "clusters" of limited duration. The method is valid for error clusters of any prescribed duration. The codes are relatively easy to implement and decoding operations are straightforward. Specific examples are given and applications to teletype transmission are discussed.
Mining Mountains: Neoliberalism, Land Tenure, Livelihoods, and the New Peruvian Mining Industry in Cajamarca:

Peru has been transformed over the course of the past decade into a neoliberal, mineral-based, export-oriented, country. The author evaluates the neoliberal transformation of the country in three parts. First he examines the economic and political transformation of the country in the early 1990s, particularly in terms of how the Peruvian state and economy were rapidly restructured according to neoliberal principles. He then illustrates how, both through privatization and through transnationalization, the mining sector has become a key element for future development opportunities. This discussion is then contextualised by an examination of how mining activities are affecting land-tenure patterns and livelihoods in the Cajamarca region of Peru. In particular, drawing upon case-study research, the author evaluates how Minera Yanacocha's transnational gold-mining operations are transforming land-tenure institutions, land values, and the spatial distribution of land-use patterns throughout the region. In addit...
Effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition on epoxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolism in human blood vessels

We investigated the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition on epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolism in intact human blood vessels, including the human saphenous vein (HSV), coron...
Isolation of chicken primordial germ cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Presently, it is difficult to undertake germ line modification of the chicken with primordial germ cells (PGC) because it has been difficult to efficiently fractionate the PGC from the total somatic cell population. The objective of this study was to develop a method that allows isolation of an enriched population of viable PGC from embryonic blood and embryonic gonadal tissue. Blood was harvested from early chick embryos (stages 13 to 15), and cells were liberated from the gonads of stage 27 chick embryos. Subsequently, viable PGC were labeled with anti-stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), which was detected with goat-anti-mouse IgM-fluorescein isothiocyanate. Fluorescently labeled cells were sorted from the unlabeled cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and the identities of the PGC were confirmed using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining or anti-embryonic mouse antigen-1 (EMA-1) staining followed by microscopic evaluation. Finally, PGC were sorted from somatic cells of sex-identified embryos. Less than 0.1% of the blood cell population was collected as SSEA-1-positive cells. Similarly, approximately 2% of the gonadal cell population were collected as SSEA-1-positive cells. Therefore, fewer (-1,000 to 9,000) PGC were recovered from each isolate. Placing the sorted SSEA-1-positive cells on a glass slide from a microcentrifuge tube resulted in a recovery rate of 53 to 73% relative to the number detected by FACS. Furthermore, the proportions of sorted cells that stained with PAS or anti-EMA-1 following sorting were 92+/-4% PAS positive and 94+/-1% anti-EMA-1 positive. Finally, the sorted SSEA-1-positive cells were maintained in vitro to demonstrate their viability after sorting. It was demonstrated that it is possible to label blood and gonadal chicken PGC with SSEA-1 and subsequently to sort viable SSEA-1-positive PGC from somatic cells.
Functional implications of an early exposure to general anesthesia: are we changing the behavior of our children?

There is a rapidly growing body of animal and clinical evidence suggesting that the exposure to anesthetics and sedatives during the critical stages of brain development results in long-lasting (perhaps permanent) impairment in cognitive development in a variety of mammalian species. With improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for behavioral outcomes of anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity, there is hope for development of protective strategies that will enable safe use of anesthesia in the youngest members of our society. Here, I review presently available evidence regarding anesthesia-induced neurocognitive and social behavioral impairments and possible strategies for preventing them. I also review limited and somewhat controversial evidence that examines the effects of nociception and surgical stimulation on anesthesia-­induced developmental neurotoxicity.
Dermal templates and the wound-healing paradigm: the promise of tissue regeneration

Dermal regeneration templates arguably represent the first and most clinically successful 'tissue engineering' solution designed for organ reconstruction. Wound healing in the skin normally occurs on a continuum. At one extreme of the continuum lies the promise of tissue regeneration and the complete restoration of normal structure and function. Unfortunately, in the adult, all too often, wound healing occurs at the other extreme of the continuum and the dermis is reconstituted as scar tissue. Dermal regeneration templates are designed to manage the wound-healing process and tip the scales toward regeneration. This review discusses the architecture and molecular composition of the skin and the events that mediate wound healing and scar formation. The development, evolution and commercialization of dermal templates are examined and the clinical and business considerations that drive the product-development cycle are discussed. In the near term, dermal templates cannot be expected to dramatically change in overall composition. Product development will be dominated by continued refinements of existing templates and the field of use will continue to expand as manufacturers seek to increase revenue and capture market share. Continued exploration of novel processing strategies, such as electrospinning, that can be used to fabricate nanoscale biomaterials, may provide a gateway to the next generation of dermal templates.
Contextualizing corrective feedback in second language writing pedagogy

Although effective writing skills are vital to the success of university-level students, second language (L2) writers face unique challenges in developing these skills. This is particularly relevant to their ability to produce writing that is linguistically accurate. While many writing teachers feel a great commitment to these students, much of the research has either led to conflicting results or provided teachers with limited practical guidelines that can be utilized effectively in the classroom. This is especially true regarding written corrective feedback (WCF). Therefore, this article provides L2 writing teachers with a paradigm for understanding the WCF debate and interpreting the available research. We emphasize three contextual variables that must be considered if we are to understand the current research and maximize the utility of future research. These include the learner, the situation, and the instructional methodology. As an examination of how one of these contextual variables might affect L...
Shape evolution control of phase-separated colloidal nanoparticles

These studies illustrate controlled shape synthesis of two distinct phase-separated copolymers within one colloidal nanoparticle which consists of poly(methylmethacrylate) (p-MMA)/n-butylacrylate (nBA) and poly(nBA)/pentafluorostyrene (p-PFS) phases. Using sequential free radical polymerization, particle morphologies ranging from acorn to ellipsoidal, core–shell, and spherical were produced by adjusting the glass transition temperature (Tg) via compositional gradients during copolymerization. These studies show for the first time that in order to achieve desirable asymmetric particle shapes, the Tg as well as interfacial surface tension between two copolymers within one nanoparticle should be maintained during and after polymerization.
Effects of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 on mammary gland leukocyte populations and histology during the early nonlactating period

Summary Eight Jersey cows free of intramammary infection (IMI) with major mastitis pathogens were intramammarily infused with interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after the last milking prior to drying off. Rectal temperatures were monitored hourly through 6 hours after infusion and at 24-hour intervals thereafter. Quarter secretions were collected 7 days prior to drying off, at drying off, and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 of the nonlactating period. Cows were slaughtered and mammary tissues were collected at 7 (3 cows) and 14 (5 cows) days after treatment. The infusion of 10 μg of IL-1 produced an elevation in rectal temperature that was significantly higher than that of cows receiving IL-2 or PBS at 4, 5, and 6 hours after treatment, whereas cows receiving 1.0 mg of IL-2 exhibited no change in rectal temperature. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in mammary glands infused with IL-1 or IL-2 remained significantly elevated over PBS-infused control glands through day 4 after treatment. Neutrophils predominated in secretions of IL-1-treated glands, and macrophages and lymphocytes predominated in IL-2-treated glands. The mammary involution process was accelerated by IL-2, and tissues exhibited reductions in alveolar epithelial and luminal areas and increases in connective tissue stroma and degree of leukocytosis compared with IL-1 and control glands. Concentrations of plasma cells producing IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM also were greatest following IL-2 infusion. Results suggest that IL-2 is superior to IL-1 in stimulating an increase in mammary mononuclear cell populations and in accelerating involution during the early nonlactating period.
Facts Are More Important Than Novelty Replication in the Education Sciences

Despite increased attention to methodological rigor in education research, the field has focused heavily on experimental design and not on the merit of replicating important results. The present study analyzed the complete publication history of the current top 100 education journals ranked by 5-year impact factor and found that only 0.13% of education articles were replications. Contrary to previous findings in medicine, but similar to psychology, the majority of education replications successfully replicated the original studies. However, replications were significantly less likely to be successful when there was no overlap in authorship between the original and replicating articles. The results emphasize the importance of third-party, direct replications in helping education research improve its ability to shape education policy and practice.
A study of the errors in x-ray quantitative analysis procedures for aerosols collected on filter media

Abstract A large number of experimental variables are utilized in the X-ray quantitative analysis of crystalline and amorphous components of aerosols collected by air filtration methods. The individual errors associated with these variables can be combined statistically through use of an error expression applied to the basic analytical equations providing that either measurements of standard deviations or their estimates can be obtained. This procedure has been developed for the variables of X-ray mass absorption, aerosol load density, transmission and diffraction intensities, and reference intensity constants, and has been applied in the quantitative analysis of two filter samples containing both crystalline and amorphous components. The results indicate that, despite some subjectivity in estimating some of the required parameters, reasonable error magnitudes for the component weight fractions are obtained. By being consistent in the way one obtains the initial standard deviations for the input data, one may determine which of the variables most seriously affects the accuracy of the determined weight fractions. For the samples studied here, a marked sensitivity of the resulting weight fractions to reference intensity constants and aerosol load density is revealed.
Comparative efficacy and safety of oral mexiletine and quinidine in benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral mexiletine hydrochloride and quinidine sulfate were compared at 29 clinical centers in a double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 491 patients with benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Responders were defined as those who had at least a 70% reduction in the frequency of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) that persisted for 12 weeks, and who experienced no intolerable side effects that required discontinuation of therapy. Of the patients available for analysis, 71 of 232 (31%) in the mexiletine and 73 of 225 (32%) in the quinidine group met these criteria. The dose range used for mexiletine was 200 to 400 mg every 8 hours, and that for quinidine 200 to 400 mg every 6 hours. More than half of the patients in each group were successfully treated with the smallest dose (200 mg every 8 hours mexiletine vs 200 mg every 6 hours for quinidine). Quinidine significantly prolonged the QT interval, whereas mexiletine did not. Proarrhythmic reactions were recorded in 18 of 221 (9%) patients taking quinidine and 10 of 217 (5%) patients taking mexiletine. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups; in both, the most common side effects were related to the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. Mexiletine thus represents an alternative to quinidine for the treatment of patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
Feedback-controlled reliability-aware power management for real-time embedded systems

In recent literature it has been reported that Dynamic Power Management (DPM) may lead to decreased reliability in real-time embedded systems. The ever-shrinking device sizes contribute further to this problem. In this paper, we present a reliability aware power management algorithm that aims at reducing energy consumption while preserving the overall system reliability. The idea behind the proposed scheme is to utilize the dynamic slack to scale down processes while ensuring that the overall system reliability does not reduce drastically. The proposed algorithm employs a proportional feedback controller to keep track of the overall miss ratio of a system of tasks and provide additional level of fault-tolerance based on demand. It was tested with both real-world and synthetic task sets and simulation results have been presented. Both fixed and dynamic priority scheduling policies have been considered for demonstration of results.