cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cohesion Failure Analysis in a Bi-layered Copper/Kapton Structure for Flexible Hybrid Electronic Sensing Applications

Cohesion failure analysis of a bi-layered flexible copper tape/Kapton polyimide structure (BL-FC/KP-S) for preventing failures in flexible hybrid electronic (FHE) sensing systems was investigated by analyzing adhesion and stress distribution. The T-peel and stretch deformation tests were used for studying the adhesion strength and the stress distribution in the overlayer copper, respectively, to understand the stability of the attached copper on Kapton polyimide substrate. Commercially available copper tape and Kapton polyimide were employed to form the BL-FC/KP-S. An adhesion strength of 1.29 kg/in was measured between the flexible copper tape and the Kapton substrate using a T-peel test method. A comparative stretch deformation technique on bare Kapton and the BL-FC/KP-S was implemented and a cohesion strength of 4 gr/mm was measured at the copper/Kapton interface, for an applied strain of 9% and 21% during the delamination process.
Are Children Harmed with Same-Sex Parents? The Full Mandiner Interview

Evidence shows that children with same-sex parents experience over twice the rate of emotional problems as those with opposite-sex parents. The difference holds even after controlling for family instability such as prior divorce. This exchange reviews the available evidence.
Communicating with the workforce during emergencies: developing an employee text messaging program in a local public health setting.

Short message service (SMS) text messaging can be useful for communicating information to public health employees and improving workforce situational awareness during emergencies. We sought to understand how the 1,500 employees at Public Health – Seattle & King County, Washington, perceived barriers to and benefits of participation in a voluntary, employer-based SMS program. Based on employee feedback, we developed the system, marketed it, and invited employees to opt in. The system was tested during an ice storm in January 2012. Employee concerns about opting into an SMS program included possible work encroachment during non-work time and receiving excessive irrelevant messages. Employees who received messages during the weather event reported high levels of satisfaction and perceived utility from the program. We conclude that text messaging is a feasible form of communication with employees during emergencies. Care should be taken to design and deploy a program that maximizes employee satisfaction.
II Surface and Size Effects on the Light Scattering Spectra of Solids

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the surface and size effects on the light scattering spectra of solids and recent developments, with emphasis on certain theoretical methods that have proved useful to those engaged in research in the area. The chapter also describes experimental studies of size and surface effects. The development of a variety of laser sources and highly sophisticated spectrometers has enabled Raman spectroscopy to become a tool of major importance in the arsenal of the solid state physics community. Until the past few years, the light scattering method has been used primarily to study elementary excitations characteristic of the infinitely extended medium. In addition, the chapter explains that a substantial body of theoretical and experimental literature has extended these methods to the study of waves, which propagate on surfaces and along interfaces, to standing wave or guided wave modes of free standing films and films on substrates, and finally to the study of inhomogeneities or subtle features near the surface with spatial extent very much smaller than the wavelength of light.
Geometrical gradients in the distribution of temperature and absorbed ultraviolet radiation in ocular tissues.

The geographical variations in the incidence of age-related ocular changes such as presbyopia and cataracts and diseases such as pterygium and droplet keratopathies have led to theories pointing to sunlight, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and ambient temperature as potential etiological factors. Some epidemiological evidence also points to an association of age-related macular degeneration to sunlight exposure. The actual distribution of sunlight exposure and the determination of temperature variations of different tissues within the anterior segment of the eye are difficult to assess. Of greatest importance are the geometrical factors that influence selective UVR exposures to different segments of the lens, cornea and retina. Studies show that the temperature of the lens and cornea varies by several degrees depending upon climate, and that the incidence of nuclear cataract incidence is greater in areas of higher ambient temperature (i.e., in the tropics). Likewise, sunlight exposure to local areas of the cornea, lens and retina varies greatly in different environments. However, epidemiological studies of the influence of environmental UVR in the development of cataract, pterygium, droplet keratopathies and age-related macular degeneration have produced surprisingly inconsistent findings. The lack of consistent results is seen to be due largely to either incomplete or erroneous estimates of outdoor UV exposure dose. Geometrical factors dominate the determination of UVR exposure of the eye. The degree of lid opening limits ocular exposure to rays entering at angles near the horizon. Clouds redistribute overhead UVR to the horizon sky. Mountains, trees and building shield the eye from direct sky exposure. Most ground surfaces reflect little UVR. The result is that highest UVR exposure occurs during light overcast where the horizon is visible and ground surface reflection is high. By contrast, exposure in a high mountain valley (lower ambient temperature) with green foliage results in a much lower ocular dose. Other findings of these studies show that retinal exposure to light and UVR in daylight occurs largely in the superior retina.
Middle ear ciliary defect in Kartagener's syndrome.

Patients with Kartagener9s syndrome have shown electron photomicrographic abnormalities of nasal or bronchial cilia in addition to functional defects of mucociliary transport (immotile cilia syndrome). This report describes a boy with Kartagener9s syndrome and chronic otitis media who demonstrates electron photomicrographic abnormalities of middle ear cilia, confirming the important role of cilia in providing protection against infection of the middle ear.
Is a glass of Merlot the symbol of globalization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how underlying globalization could influence Asian consumers' wine drinking patterns and behaviors. Specifically, a theoretical framework that explains the underlying motivations of Asian wine consumers is developed.Design/methodology/approach – A broad range of literature is reviewed in an attempt to develop a theoretical framework for the impacts of globalization on the Asian wine market.Findings – Three key forces that drive change in the Asian wine markets are identified; these changes explain the explosive growth of wine consumption in Asian countries.Research limitations/implications – A theoretical framework is developed in an effort to explain the impacts of globalization on Asian wine consumption. Therefore, no empirical tests are conducted to validate the theoretical framework. Future studies could test the theoretical model by conducting an empirical study.Practical implications – Multi‐faceted global progress in terms of economic, technolog...
Failure — Origin, Detection, and Prevention

Despite our understanding of the behaviour of materials, failures frequently occur. The sources of these failures include improper design, materials selection, and materials processing, as well as abuse. The engineer must anticipate potential failures and consequently, exercise good design, materials and processing selection, quality control, and testing to prevent failures. When failures do occur, the engineer must determine the cause so that failures can be prevented in the future.
What Does Happiness Research Tell Us about Happiness

This paper analyzes the consequences of the findings from research into self-reported well being or happiness for taxation. It primarily considers two findings: that happiness depends on status as well as income, and that individuals may adapt to disability, exhibiting relatively small losses in happiness from disabilities. In each case, it examines how adding these concerns to standard tax models changes the results and then compares the empirical findings of the happiness literature to see whether they provide the type of data needed to parameterize the models. In both cases, the theoretical models ask for different types of data than the happiness studies emphasize. The paper also looks at Robert Frank's arguments for a progressive consumption tax based on the findings of the happiness research. It finds that these claims are not supported by the current findings.
After the Philosophy of Mind: Replacing Scholasticism with Science*

We provide a taxonomy of the two most important debates in the philosophy of the cognitive and neural sciences. The first debate is over methodological individualism: is the object of the cognitive and neural sciences the brain, the whole animal, or the animal—environment system? The second is over explanatory style: should explanation in cognitive and neural science be reductionist‐mechanistic, interlevel mechanistic, or dynamical? After setting out the debates, we discuss the ways in which they are interconnected. Finally, we make some recommendations that we hope will help philosophers interested in the cognitive and neural sciences to avoid dead ends.
An upper estimate of the attributable mortality and cost of severe sepsis in surgical patients.

Although patients developing severe sepsis (SS) incur high mortality and costs, the extent to which these events are attributable to SS is unclear, especially in surgical patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the US Medicare hospital discharge database to estimate the resource use and mortality attributable to SS in patients > 65 years old.
Universal entanglement entropy in two-dimensional conformal quantum critical points

We study the scaling behavior of the entanglement entropy of two-dimensional conformal quantum critical systems, i.e., systems with scale-invariant wave functions. They include two-dimensional generalized quantum dimer models on bipartite lattices and quantum loop models, as well as the quantum Lifshitz model and related gauge theories. We show that under quite general conditions, the entanglement entropy of a large and simply connected subsystem of an infinite system with a smooth boundary has a universal finite contribution, as well as scale-invariant terms for special geometries. The universal finite contribution to the entanglement entropy is computable in terms of the properties of the conformal structure of the wave function of these quantum critical systems. The calculation of the universal term reduces to a problem in boundary conformal field theory
Type of contact and evaluations of police officers: The effects of procedural justice across three types of police–citizen contacts

Abstract The public's perception of the police is important because it is linked to several important outcomes, including compliance and cooperation with police. Long recognized as being important, research has investigated the factors associated with citizens' evaluations of the police. The way police do their jobs, in addition to what they accomplish, has recently emerged as being a significant determinant of citizens' evaluations of police. What remains largely unexamined is whether this relationship varies across distinct types of contacts between the police and citizens. The current study estimated the effects of citizens' perceptions of procedural justice on overall ratings of officer performance across three types of police–citizen encounters. Results showed that procedurally fair treatment is the most important predictor of citizens' evaluations.
Managerial ownership and the disposition effect.

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between mutual fund managers’ ownership and the disposition effect. Using recently disclosed managerial ownership data required by new SEC rules, we document that a significant number of mutual funds exhibit the disposition effect. Funds with managerial ownership exhibit significantly less disposition effect than those without, and the disposition measure decreases with managers’ percentage ownership. We also find that the disposition effect is negatively related to the degree of board independence and fund performance. Our findings suggest that the disposition effect is significantly affected by fund governance and higher managerial ownership may help mitigate the problem.
Multimission ground data system support of NASA'S planetary program

Abstract NASA funds the Multimission Operations Systems Office (MOSO) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to design, develop, and operate the Advanced Multimission Operations (AMMOS) multimission ground data system capabilities that are used to control operational spacecraft and process data returned from a variety of planetary missions. The AMMOS design is based on use of modular, networked capabilities and industry standard hardware and software. Individual missions adapt multimission tools and services to support ground data processing during spacecraft development and operations. Utilization of a multimission core capability significantly reduces the cost of development and operation of ground data systems for each individual project. This paper describes the AMMOS system, and the general purpose set of AMMOS multimission capabilities, services and tools that are used to support the NASA planetary program. These capabilities include mission planning and analysis tools, sequence generation tools, command processing, ephemeris generation and optical navigation capabilities, real time engineering and science data processing, monitor and display functions, spacecraft analysis systems, science instrument data processing and photoproduct generation capabilities, data acquisition and distribution services, and tools for production of archival science data records. The system is used to support multiple missions that are operating simultaneously.
Interaction between shocks and clumps with self-contained magnetic fields

Abstract Problems involving magnetized clouds and clumps, especially their interaction with shocks are common in astrophysical environments and have been a topic of research in the past decade. Many previous numerical studies have focused on the problem of clumps immersed in a globally uniform magnetic field subject to an oncoming shock. However, realistic clumps may have tangled magnetic field self-contained within them. This magnetic field will be compressed by the shock and its energy spectrum and spatial structure may affect the evolution of the clump during the shock encounter. Using our parallel MHD code AstroBEAR, we set up an initial state with magnetized clumps of different contained magnetic field configurations. We then drive strong shocks through these clumps (including the effects of radiative cooling) and compare our results to previous studies of global uniform field scenarios.
Messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in unfertilized sea urchin eggs.

Abstract The properties of poly(A)-containing messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) from unfertilized sea urchin eggs isolated under various ionic conditions were studied. Poly(A)-containing RNPs of eggs sediment with a modal value of 60–65 S under all conditions used. However, buoyant densities vary strikingly with conditions of particle preparation. Deproteinized poly(A)-containing mRNA has an average molecular weight of about 1 × 10 6 . RNPs prepared in 0.35 M Na + in the absence of Mg 2+ contain an average of 0.25 × 10 6 daltons of protein, while particles prepared in 0.05 M Na + in the absence of Mg 2+ contain 0.35 to 11 × 10 6 daltons of protein per RNA molecule. Particles prepared in 0.35 M Na + plus 5 m M Mg 2+ contain 1.4 × 10 6 daltons of protein suggesting that Mg 2+ may be necessary for maintenance of RNP intergrity if high Na + concentrations are used to prevent nonspecific RNA-protein interactions. Particles prepared in 0.35 M K + contain 0.9 × 10 6 daltons of protein in both Mg 2+ and EDTA. Mg 2+ does not cause significant aggregation of particles, since the size of RNA extracted from RNPs is proportional to RNP sedimentation rate. Monovalent cation concentrations normally used in analysis of RNPs by sedimentation cause deproteinized poly(A)-containing RNA to sediment with abnormally high sedimentation coefficients, indicating that high sedimentation rates alone do not indicate that RNA is contained in an RNP.
Resources for Assisting Nurses to Use Evidence as a Basis for Home Care Nursing Practice

Resources are needed throughout the process of implementing evidence-based practice from the initial search for evidence through the evaluation of outcomes. Administrative support is a critical resource for any change to occur and be maintained. This article describes the resources that are available and that may be useful at different phases of the evidence-based practice process. For example, to find prepared literature syntheses and guidelines, nurses need either a medical librarian or expertise in using computerized bibliographic databases. Tools are described for use in (a) critical appraisal of literature and guidelines and (b) evaluation of the context in which a practice change is being considered.
Inheritance of stripe rust (yellow rust) resistance in the wheat cultivar Carstens V

Carstens V, one of the wheat cultivars used to differentiate races of Puccinia striiformis (stripe rust or yellow rust) in Europe, was crossed with stripe rust susceptible cultivars and cultivars with genes for resistance to the disease to determine the genetic basis of its stripe rust resistance. Seedlings of the parents and F1, F2, and F3 progeny were evaluated for resistance to North American races of P. striiformis. Based on those evaluations, Carstens V has three genes for resistance to North American race CDL-21, two genes for resistance to races CDL-17, CDL-20, and CDL-29, and one gene for resistance to race CDL-27. The genes that confer resistance to race CDL-17 also confer resistance to race CDL-21. The three genes were either dominant or recessive depending upon the race used in the test and the cultivar used in the cross. None of the genes in Carstens V are the same as the genes for resistance in Cappelle Desprez, Chinese 166, Clement, Compair, Heines Peko, Hybrid 46, Minister, Nord Desprez, Triticum spelta album, and Vilmorin 23.
Evidence for functional regeneration in the adult lamprey spinal cord following transection

We report here that following partial spinal transections in adult lampreys, the fibers of the spinal cords can regenerate and restore some intersegmental coordination to the central pattern generator for locomotion, as tested in the isolated cord preparation. However, the regeneration by this test is not successful in all animals.
Lipoprotein activators stimulate Escherichia coli penicillin-binding proteins by different mechanisms.

In Escherichia coli, the bifunctional penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), PBP1A and PBP1B, play critical roles in the final stage of peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis. These synthetic enzymes each possess a PG glycosyltransferase (PGT) domain and a transpeptidase (TP) domain. Recent genetic experiments have shown that PBP1A and PBP1B each require an outer membrane lipoprotein, LpoA and LpoB, respectively, to function properly in vivo. Here, we use complementary assays to show that LpoA and LpoB each increase the PGT and TP activities of their cognate PBPs, albeit by different mechanisms. LpoA directly increases the rate of the PBP1A TP reaction, which also results in enhanced PGT activity; in contrast, LpoB directly affects PGT domain activity, resulting in enhanced TP activity. These studies demonstrate bidirectional coupling of PGT and TP domain function. Additionally, the transpeptidation assay described here can be applied to study other activators or inhibitors of the TP domain of PBPs, which are valid...
Transluminal laser irradiation of coronary arteries in live dogs: An angiographic and morphologic study of acute effects

Abstract In vivo coronary transluminal laser irradiation, using energies known to vaporize atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi, was performed in normal coronary arteries of 5 anesthetized mongrel dogs. A 200-μ core silica optical fiber with a radiopaque tip was advanced through a catheter to either the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary arteries. Coronary artery perforation occurred during manipulation of the fiber in 1 dog. In 4 dogs, argon laser radiation was delivered at 1-second intervals. A total of 45 different sites were irradiated in 8 coronary arteries. In 5 of these arteries 1 W was used and in the 3 other arteries 2 W were used. Coronary angiography showed perforation of 5 of these 8 arteries. Two arteries were perforated using 1 W and 3 using 2 W. Within 30 minutes, 3 dogs with perforation died of cardiac tamponade. In all 4 dogs postmortem examination showed perivascular blood extravasation around all 8 lased coronary arteries. Transluminal lasing of normal dog coronary arteries using delivery systems and energies similar to those known to vaporize atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi resulted in arterial perforation, frequently followed by cardiac tamponade.
Preparation of subcellular particles from brain tissue by a filtration technique.

Es wird eine Technik fur die Isolierung von subzellularen Partikeln in der Grossenordnung von 1–4 µ («Mitochondrien»-Fraktion) von Gehirnhomogenaten mittels Millipore-Filter beschrieben. Die Partikel zeigen morphologische Quellung und haben mindestens zwei biochemische Eigenschaften, ahnlich denjenigen von durch differentiale Zentrifugation gewonnenen «Mitochondrien»-Fraktionen. Diese Technik kann als alternative Methode zur Praparierung von subzellularen Grossteilchen-Fraktionen herangezogen werden.
Effect of metal ions on estradiol binding to uterine nuclear receptors.

Evidence is presented for the enhancement of estradiol binding to the 700 g pellet from rat uterine homogenates by certain divalent cations. Mn++, Ba++, Ca++ and Mg++ were most effective, while Hg++ was deleteriousto the system. The binding which occurred in the presence of Mn++ was shown to be stronger than that resulting from incubations lacking this cation. (Endocrinology 85: 612, 1969)
A microcomputer-based learning task for investigating the effects of reinforcement on children's learning and persistence

Abstract A highly interesting and flexible microcomputer-based learning task was created and software designed in order to study and record systematically how schedules of reinforcement affect children's learning. The software was developed to be used on an IBM PC AT with an IBM Enhanced Graphics Adaptor with 256K of Graphics Memory. In addition, a large virtual disk was created to allow for easy and quick access to the image files. To depict the workings of the task, a data flow diagram of the total system is presented, a detailed flow chart of the workings of the main program is illustrated, and a flow chart of movement through an individual trial presentation is described. Parameters of the learning task that can be specified by the user are specified and alternative applications are proposed.
Functional mapping of glomus tumors reveals underlying embryology

A functional map of cranial nerves was created by the multidimensional scaling (MDS) of adults' symptoms from glomus tumors. Differences between cranial-nerve deficits in eight different subsets of glomus tumors were input to MDS. MDS determines coordinates of points (representing cranial nerves) such that distances between points are related as closely as possible to differences in the observed symptoms. For example, two nerves that are equally likely to be affected by a glomus tumor would be put close together in the calculated map, even though they may be physically distant. The result resembles a stage in the developing nervous system. This correlation provides mathematical confirmation that adults' glomus tumors are related to early embryology. This in turn suggests that functional maps can provide a useful way for computers to depict underlying patterns in medical data.
A heat capacity study of phase transitions in the ferroelectric liquid crystal (R−) hexyloxybenzylidene p'-amino-2-chloropropyl cinnamate (HOBACPC)

Abstract The heat capacity of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (R −) hexyloxybenzylidene P-amino-2-chloropropyl cinnamate (HOBACPC) has been measured between 64 and 88°C. In this temperature range HOBACPC has three phase transitions. The smectic A-chiral smectic C transition is found to be mean-field like which is similar to other smectic A-smectic C transitions. The chiral smectic C-chiral smectic I transition has a large heat capacity anomaly. A large hysteresis between the heating and cooling experimental runs is found for the chiral smectic I-chiral smectic G transition.
Design of an optimal output feedback control system with modal insensitivity

This paper deals with the design of an output feedback controller which results in selected modal insensitivity, and at the same time optimizes a quadratic performance index representative of desired system performance for nominal plant parameter values. The approach taken here is to characterize the class of attainable eigenvectors for a given set of eigenvalues (distinct or non-distinct) which lie in a subspace called the 'Modal Insensitivity Subspace'. A constraint is established on the feedback matrix which results in modal insensitivity. Necessary conditions for optimality subject to the constraint on the feedback matrix are given. This forms the basis for a numerical algorithm to compute the optimal feedback gain which analyzed for convergence. To illustrate the procedure, a design is carried out using the lateral dynamics of an L-1011 aircraft.
Antisense mapping the MOR-1 opioid receptor: evidence for alternative splicing and a novel morphine-6β-glucuronide receptor

Although MOR-1 encodes a mu opioid receptor, its relationship to the pharmacologically defined mu receptor subtypes has been unclear. Antisense mapping now suggests that these subtypes results from alternative splicing of MOR-1. Three oligodeoxynucleotide probes targeting exon 1 and another oligodeoxynucleotide directed against the coding region of exon 4 block supraspinal morphine analgesia, a mu1 action, while five of six oligodeoxynucleotides directed against exons 2 and 3 are inactive. Inhibition of gastrointestinal transit and spinal morphine analgesia, two mu2 actions, are blocked only by the probe against exon 4 and not by those directed against exon 1. In contrast, the analgesic actions of the extraordinarily potent mu drug morphine-6β-glucuronide are blocked by six different antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting exons 2 and 3, but not by those acting on exons 1 or 4. These results suggest that the mu1 and mu2 receptor subtypes originally defined in binding and pharmacological studies result from alternative splicing of MOR-1 while morphine-6β-glucuronide acts through a novel, previously unidentified receptor which is yet another MOR-1 splice variant.
Newly identified actions of the vitamin D endocrine system.

Introduction VITAMIN D is a seco-steroid in which the B-ring of the cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene structure is cleaved. The vitamin is either obtained from the diet or is synthesized in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol (Fig. 1) and is itself biologically inert (for reviews see Refs. 1–8). Vitamin D and its metabolites circulate in the blood primarily bound to and in equilibrium association with the vitamin D-binding globulin [DBP]. In the liver, the enzyme 25-hydroxylase converts the vitamin to the inactive hormonal precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Subsequently, the renal lα-hydroxylase enzyme converts 25(OH)D to the biologically active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. Both hydroxylase enzymes are cytochrome P450-containing enzymes. la-Hydroxylase activity is tightly controlled by a number of ionic and endocrine factors including stimulation by PTH and reduced plasma Ca2+ or inhibition by 1,25(OH)2D in a classic negative feedback loop. Although not illustrated in Fig. 1, under condi...
Nutritional Screening Of Utah Rural And Urban Elderly

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify three demographic variables associated with nutrition risk and the overall prevalence of nutrition risk among congregate meal participants in Utah. This study was designed to determine the degree of nutritional risk present within the elderly population in rural and urban areas in the state of Utah by conducting an initial nutrition screening using the Determine Your Nutritional Health checklist developed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative. Congregate meal sites were stratified according to urbanization and fifteen centers were selected from both rural and urban counties. Participants at each site completed a Determine Your Nutritional Health checklist and survey asking demographic data including age, sex, marital status, living situation, frequency of participation in congregate meals, and if they had previously used the checklist. A total of 838 valid surveys was collected from 29 congregate meals sites throughout the state of Utah. Fifty-seven percent of participants scored in the "utritional health"ory, 27.7 percent were at moderate nutrition risk, and 15.4 percent scored in the high nutrition risk category. Checklist statements one, seven, and eight ("I have an illness or condition that made me change the kind and/or amount of food I eat" ; "I eat alone most of the time" ; and "I take 3 or more different prescribed or over-the-counter drugs a day") had the highest percentages of positive responses at 28.9,33.1, and 39.7 percent, respectively. Nutrition risk category was significantly associated with gender (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.00), and cohabitation status (P=0.00). Women, unmarrieds, and individuals living alone scored more frequently in a higher nutrition risk category. Results of this study reflect influences on nutrition risk found in a sample of congregate meal participants in the state of Utah. These results can help the state of Utah identify the common risk factors within this segment of its population, i.e. gender, marital status, cohabitation status, acute/chronic disease, eating alone, and polypharmacy, to plan education and/or intervention for individuals who are at risk.
Antiarrhythmic efficacy of solitary beta-adrenergic blockade for patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Abstract To assess the efficacy and predictability of solitary beta-adrenergic blocker (BB) therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT), 30 patients (16 men and 14 women) with a mean age of 55 years, who initially had sustained ventricular tachycardia (70%) or ventricular fibrillation (30%), were studied. Results of baseline arrhythmia tests showed VT on ECG monitoring in 57% of the patients, during exercise in 50%, induced by programmed stimulation in 69%, increasing to 86% during isoproterenol. BB therapy prevented inducible VT during programmed stimulation in 37% of the patients, prevented VT on ECG monitoring in 54%, and prevented VT during exercise in 83%. Long-term BB therapy was given to 24 of 30 patients, whereas six other patients with hemodynamically unstable VT during BB therapy received other long-term treatment. During a mean follow-up of 824 days, 6 of 24 patients had recurrent VT. BB therapy was discontinued in two patients because of side effects. Long-term success was predicted by left ventricular ejection fraction >45%, absence of coronary disease, and age p
Phosphorus source and surface fluid band spacing effects on irrigated alfalfa.

Subsurface banding of P fertilizer is more effective than broadcast and incorporation for annual crops on P-deficient sites. Subsurface banding in established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may damage plants. This study compared spring-applied, broadcast dry monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and fluid ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and APP applied in surface bands with 15-, 30-, or 60-cm spacing, at rates equivalent to 0.5x and 1× the soil test recommendation for yield, tissue P concentration, and P uptake at six sites. There was no difference in soil test P measured after the first cutting between broadcast MAP or APP. Yield responses to P occurred at all sites and ranged from a low of 0.7 Mg ha -1 (7%) averaged across P rate, to 2.6 Mg ha -1 (46%) at the 0.5x rate and 5.4 Mg ha -1 (95%) at the 1× rate above the 0 kg P ha -1 treatment. Yield was higher with MAP than with APP for five of 19 individual harvests, while total yield was 1.0 Mg ha -1 higher with MAP than with APP at one site-year. Phosphorus source effects on P concentration and uptake were similar to those on dry matter yield. There was a linear decrease in yield with increasing band spacing for one site-year and a quadratic response for another. Responses to band spacing in tissue P concentration for nine harvests suggest that band spacing of 15 and 30 cm may enhance P availability relative to broadcast or 60-cm spacing. In only one site-year did we find a yield advantage of MAP over APP, or of surface band over broadcast APP.
Coronary flow velocity changes in response to hypercapnia: assessment by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.

Background The effects of hypercapnia on coronary arteries in human beings are not known. We used transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to evaluate coronary blood flow velocity (CFV) changes in response to hypercapnia in healthy adults. Methods Twenty adults underwent transthoracic Doppler echocardiography of the left anterior descending coronary artery while breathing room air, 40% fraction of inspired oxygen, and 40% fraction of inspired oxygen with carbon dioxide supplemented to end-tidal tensions of +5, +7.5, and +10 mm Hg above baseline. Results Mean (SD) diastolic peak CFV values for these conditions were 23.1 (9.1), 23.0 (9.0), 25.5 (9.3), 27.9 (11.5), and 31.5 (13.0) cm/s, respectively. Significant overall differences between conditions ( P P ≤ .01) were observed. CFV increases remained significant after adjusting for increases in cardiac output ( P = .038). Conclusions CFV increases with hypercapnia. This is the first report of human coronary artery flow responses to hypercapnia. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography methodology is feasible for measuring CFV and the effects of hypercapnia on the coronary circulation.
Fusion Activity of HIV GP41 Fusion Domain is Related to its Secondary Structure in a Cholesterol-Dependent Fashion

The HIV gp41 fusion domain plays a critical role in membrane fusion during the viral entry process. A thorough understanding of the relationship between the structure and activity of the fusion domain in different environments helps to formulate mechanistic models on how it might function in mediating membrane fusion. We examined the secondary structure of the fusion domain in small unilamellar vesicles composed of different lipid compositions by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results show that the secondary structure switches from alpha helix below approx. 30% cholesterol to beta structure above this threshold. The lipid and content mixing activities of the fusion domain were examined by standard FRET fusion assays. Although the fusion activities increase with higher percentages of cholesterol, the helical conformation supports fusion in the absence of cholesterol and the beta-sheet conformation supports fusion in the presence of >30% cholesterol. Our results also show that the fusion domain has a higher activity in more negatively charged membranes, which can be explained by its higher binding affinity to such membranes.
An improved automated colorimetric method for the determination of boron in extracts of soils, soil‐less peat‐based composts, plant materials and hidroponic solutions with Azomethine‐H

Abstract Extracts that are coloured, owing to dissolved organic matter, give rise to an interference when boron is determined by the colorimetric Azomethine‐H method. A scheme is presented in which boron is removed from coloured extracts by dialysis. In this way the interference can be removed automatically. The suggested scheme allows hydroponic solutions and extracts of soils, peat‐based composts and plant materials to be analysed without further treatment at a rate of 20 hr‐1. The limit of detection is 0.05ppm B in solution. Recoveries of boron added to extracts from all types of sample were excellent. The effects of some interferences were investigated and found not to be significant under normal working.
The Queen and I: A Story of Dispossessions and Reconnections in Hawai'i Sydney LehuaIaukea. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.

The Queen and I: A Story of Dispossessions and Reconnections in Hawai'i Sydney Lehua Iaukea. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. In The Queen and I, Sydney Iaukea is interested in linking two important stories, one ostensibly public and the other arguably private, but both necessarily "hidden" for various institutional and personal benefits. The first story explores contested dealings surrounding the attempts of Queen Lili'uokalani (the last reigning monarch of Hawai'i) to defend her power to bequeath royally-owned landholdings; both were laid claim to, by the U.S. government (that sought to rename these lands "public"), and by members of her own family (who were upset with their limited inheritance). The second story explores how this onehundred-year old tale dramatically affected Iaukea's family, starting with her great-great grandfather, Curtis P. Iaukea, who aided in the Queen's defense, and ending with Iaukea's nuclear family who have suffered materially due to their own relatives' concealment of family lands and profits. These stories are used to highlight how "shifting sociopolitical structures and combative personal relationships" sought to violate the longstanding, authentic, and native perspective on "ka 'dina (the land-literally, 'that which feeds')" (1) by inscribing a newer understanding based on the capitalistic acquisition of private property. In the end, the political and historical are personal and the personal is political and historical. Iaukea interweaves her stories through five chapters, beginning each with an extended portion of Curtis Iaukea's public (though unpublished) writings in which he recounts his role in establishing (and then defending) the Queen's deed of trust related to her landholdings. (These lands that had been designated "Crown lands" since the 1848 Mahele division of lands, which was designed to enable native Hawaiians to protect their lands from the large agricultural plantations then making their way into the islands.) The deed to the Queen's land was alternatively established, challenged, revoked, and rewritten many times between 1909 and a final settlement in 1918, aptly demonstrating that Curtis Iaukea, the Queen, and other royal and territorial government members' "understood the [new] land laws [imposed by U.S. control] and used them to control their own property assets" (140) to the best of their abilities. The fact that the Queen, her descendants, and her loyal supporters lost control of most of this land, particularly to the U. …
Service and Support Needs of Non-Offending Parents in Cases of Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse

This article describes the helpfulness and availability of formal and informal services and supports available to 104 non-offending parents in cases of intrafamilial sexual abuse. Though findings include high overall satisfaction with the services that were provided, parents report a gap between their needs and the availability of services. Two measures were used to collect the data: the Maternal Sense of Social Support (MSSI) (Pascoe, Loda, Jeffries, & Earp, 1981), and the Helpfulness Index, adapted from a questionnaire used by Runyan et al. (1992). These data are from the first wave of data collection in a four-year study of non-offending parents and their sexually abused children.
Treatment of late-stage Sézary syndrome with 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine.

Background 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), a purine adenosine analog, is safe and effective chemotherapy for patients with hairy cell leukemia and low-grade lymphomas. Adverse effects include neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, and infectious complications. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of 2-CdA (2–6 seven-day cycles) in the treatment of late-stage, recalcitrant Sezary syndrome. Methods Retrospective review of medical records of six patients with Sezary syndrome who had received 2-CdA cycles at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between March 1995 and March 2000. Variables assessed from the records included improvement in global appearance, extent of erythroderma, size of lymph nodes, pruritus, and leukocyte, lymphocyte, and absolute Sezary cell counts. Results Two patients, both with stage III Sezary syndrome, whose previous treatment consisted of only two modalities, responded well to the treatment, with moderate to total clearing of erythroderma and pruritus associated with a significant decrease in Sezary cell counts. The other four patients had only a partial response (one patient) or no response (three patients) to 2-CdA. The mortality rate was 50%. All three patients died of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. However, only one patient was receiving 2-CdA treatment when he died. The other two patients died 8 and 9 weeks after the last 2-CdA cycle. This high mortality rate is attributed to infectious complications after 2-CdA treatment in patients with recalcitrant disease. Conclusion 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine shows efficacy in stage III Sezary syndrome, but it also carries a substantial risk of septic complications and mortality. It can be used if no other suitable alternatives are available. Caution should be exercised in all these patients regarding skin care and avoidance of infections or sepsis.
The role of leaf defensive traits in oaks on the preference and performance of a polyphagous herbivore, Orgyia vetusta

1. Leaves possess traits that mediate the preference and performance of herbivores. Most evidence for the importance of leaf traits as defences against herbivory comes from studies of few model plant species. 2. In a phylogenetically explicit comparison, I explain the differences in preference and performance of tussock moth (Orgyia vetusta Boisduval) larvae on leaves of 27 oak (Quercus) species using nine putative leaf defences. 3. The preference for an oak species correlated positively with the survival of caterpillars. The correlation between preference and performance did not differ between oak species native to the range of tussock moth versus those from outside the herbivore's range. 4. The first principal component of leaf traits predicted survival of caterpillars on oak leaves but only marginally predicted their preference between oak species. A multiple regression model showed that evergreenness, toughness, and condensed tannin content were the best predictors of caterpillar survival, and leaf toughness was the best predictor of host preference. 5. Generalist caterpillars may accurately assess the value of novel food sources. Moreover, many leaf traits that have been found to affect herbivory within a plant species can also be used to predict the fitness of a generalist herbivore between species.
RAMPs: the past, present and future

The discovery of receptor-activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) as accessory proteins required for the appropriate localization and function of certain G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) produced a paradigm shift in our understanding of GPCR regulation. Three RAMPs have now been demonstrated to be crucial for various aspects of the life cycle of calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) including endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi translocation, internalization and recycling. Although the RAMP-CLR interaction was the first to be identified, other GPCRs belonging to both the class B and C families of GPCRs also seem to be regulated by RAMPs. The recent advances in our knowledge of the cellular and biochemical regulation of RAMPs and how they in turn regulate the life cycle of GPCRs could lead to therapeutic advances in several diseases.
A Study of Sea Surface Range-Resolved Doppler Spectra Using Numerically Simulated Low-Grazing-Angle Backscatter Data

A numerical study of sea surface range-resolved Doppler spectra using low-grazing-angle backscatter measurements is described. Backscattered fields as a function of frequency are computed using the method of moments (MOM) for a single realization of a 1-D oceanlike surface profile as the realization evolves in time. Transformation into the range-Doppler domain enables examination of properties of the resulting Doppler spectra (for both HH and VV polarizations) and their relationship to properties of the surface profile. In general, a strong correspondence between the “long-wave” orbital velocity of the surface projected along the radar line of sight and the Doppler centroid frequency is observed for visible portions of the surface, as well as some evidence of relationships between the “width” of the Doppler spectrum and variations of the projected velocity in time at a given range point. Evidence of similar relationships even in some shadowed portions of the surface is also provided. Doppler spectra from HH and VV polarizations are qualitatively similar, despite differences in total power levels, although the portion of shadowed surface points from which Doppler information is available is somewhat larger in VV polarization. A further examination is conducted using backscattered fields computed with a single-scattering method, which neglects shadowing and any multiple-scattering effects. The remarkable similarities observed between MOM and single-scattered Doppler spectra even in some shadowed portions of the surface suggest that non-line-of-sight propagation effects do not significantly influence Doppler properties in such regions.
Genome Sequence of Blattabacterium sp. Strain BGIGA, Endosymbiont of the Blaberus giganteus Cockroach

Cockroaches harbor the obligate flavobacterial endosymbiont Blattabacterium sp., which resides within the host's bacteriocytes and can recycle ammonia and urea nitrogenous wastes into amino acids for the host. We report the complete genome sequence of the Blattabacterium sp. associated with the giant roach Blaberus giganteus.
Studies on peptides. CVII. Synthesis of urotensin II.

Urotensin II, a somatostatin-like fish hormone, was synthesized in a conventional manner using thioanisole-mediated deprotection with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The synthetic peptide was indistinguishable from the natural peptide in terms of both biological activity and chromatographic behavior.