cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the effectiveness of mobile apps for monitoring and management of mental health symptoms or disorders.

Abstract Background There are a growing number of mobile apps available for monitoring and management of mental health symptoms or disorders. However, clinically validated evidence for most of them is unclear; their benefits to patients on long term use are thus debatable. Objective This updated review aimed to systematically appraise the available research evidence of the efficacy and acceptability of mobile apps for mental health in all ages. Methods A comprehensive literature search (May 2013 to December 2017) in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted. Abstracts were included if they described mental health apps (targeting depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), substance use disorders, sleep disorders, and suicidal behaviors) delivered on mobile devices for all ages. Results In total, 1501 abstracts were identified. Of these, 17 publications describing 16 apps targeting anxiety/stress, alcohol disorder, sleep disorder, depression, suicidal behaviors, and PTSD met the inclusion criteria. Five studies randomized individuals to trial conditions, and 14 apps were proven to have clinically validated evidence in reducing mental health symptoms or disorder. Conclusions Mental health apps have potentials in improving the monitoring and management of mental health symptoms or disorders. However, majority of the apps that are currently available lack clinically validated evidence of their efficacy. Given the number and pace at which mobile Health (mHealth) apps are being released, further robust research is warranted to develop and test evidence-based programs.
Fluidity and Timelessness in the Letters of Nikolai Gretsch

In 1839, Russian traveller Nikolai Gretsch published Travel Letters from England, Germany and France («Путевые Письма из Англии, Германии и Франции»), a series of letters in three volumes that deta...
Different evidence summaries have implications for contextualizing findings of meta-analysis of diagnostic tests.

Abstract Objective To evaluate diagnostic tests, analysts use meta-analyses to provide inputs to parameters in decision models. Choosing parameter estimands from meta-analyses requires understanding the meta-analytic and decision-making contexts. Study Design and Setting We expand on an analysis comparing positron emission tomography (PET), PET with computed tomography (PET/CT), and conventional workup (CW) in women with suspected recurrent breast cancer. We discuss Bayesian meta-analytic summaries (posterior mean over a set of existing studies, posterior estimate in an existing study, posterior predictive mean in a new study) used to estimate diagnostic test parameters (prevalence, sensitivity, specificity) needed to calculate quality-adjusted life years in a decision model contextualizing PET, PET/CT, and CW. Results The mean and predictive mean give similar estimates, but the latter displays greater uncertainty. Namely, PET/CT outperforms CW on average but may not do better than CW when implemented in future settings. Conclusion Selecting estimands for decision model parameters from meta-analyses requires understanding the relationship between decision settings and meta-analysis studies' settings, specifically whether the former resemble one or all study settings or represents new settings. We provide an algorithm recommending appropriate estimands as input parameters in decision models for diagnostic tests to obtain output parameters consistent with the decision context.
A Taphonomic Evaluation of Three Intact Pork Barrels from the Steamboat "Heroine" (1838)

This study focuses on three pork barrels from the cargo of the Heroine, a steamboat that wrecked on the Red River in 1838 while carrying provisions to the U.S. Army garrison at Fort Towson, Oklahoma. The quantity and quality of the meat, as evidenced by the bones in the barrels, are examined to establish whether the meat matched the military contract, to ascertain the pork butchery and packaging procedures, and to determine any standardization in the types and quantities of pieces in the barrels. The results suggest that the meat represents a midgrade pork and generally agree with the quality expected by the military. Analyses reveal that processing was similar to modern-day practices. Finally, a comparison of the bones illustrates a lack of standardization among the barrels. This research provides important information about pig processing and military-contract compliance, two areas that have not been extensively studied previously.
Leptomeningeal metastases in glioma: The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center experience

Objective To perform a retrospective analysis examining the incidence and prognosis of glioma patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center over a 15-year period and correlate these findings with clinicopathologic characteristics. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of glioma patients with LMD at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center diagnosed from 2001 to 2016. Patients were identified through a keyword search of their electronic medical record and by ICD-9 codes. Results One hundred three patients were identified with disseminated LMD and 85 patients with subependymal spread of disease, 4.7% of all patients with glioma. These cohorts were analyzed separately for time to development of disseminated LMD/subependymal LMD, median overall survival, and survival from LMD diagnosis. Patients were pooled for subsequent analyses (n = 188) because of comparable clinical behavior. LMD was present at glioma diagnosis in 10% of patients. In the remaining 90% of patients diagnosed at recurrence, time to LMD diagnosis, survival after LMD diagnosis, and overall survival varied by original histology. Patients with oligodendroglioma had a median survival of 10.8 (range 1.8–67.7) months, astrocytoma 6.5 (0.1–28.5) months, and glioblastoma 3.8 (0.1–32.6) months after LMD diagnosis. In addition, we found that treatment of LMD was associated with superior performance status and increased survival. Conclusion Patients with LMD diagnosed at relapse may not have decreased overall survival as compared to historical controls with parenchymal relapse and may benefit from treatment.
Concise Synthesis of a Potential 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Inhibitor and Its Analogs through Late-Stage Alkene Dicarbofunctionalization

We report a five-step synthesis of the biologically important 1,1-diarylalkane 1, a potential 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor that was synthesized previously in 12 steps. In this...
Mamluks, Property Rights, and Economic Development: Lessons from Medieval Egypt:

Secure property rights are considered a common institutional feature of rapidly growing economies. Although different property rights regimes have prevailed around the world over time, relatively l...
Forgetting of marine emergency duties tasks: Predictors of relearning

Abstract In emergencies at sea, it is crucial that the crew members remember emergency tasks. Although these practical skills are occasionally trained for, some are not routinely practiced and it is expected that performance of these skills will degrade over time. This program evaluation addresses whether characteristics can predict performance of marine emergency skills. Specifically, during relearning of two equipment preparation and donning tasks included in marine emergency duties refresher (MED-R) courses. The time since an individual had completed prerequisite training, the type of course (for Officers or Ratings), and the age of the individual were hypothesized to be significant predictors of performance patterns in this initial cohort of trainees. While very few trainees produced errors during an immersion suit task, more than half of trainees produced errors during a breathing apparatus task. The relationships between the predictors and breathing apparatus task error scores were statistically reliable, and 7% of the variance in performance is accounted for. Future research questions should focus on understanding additional factors that may aid in predicting relearning performance. Comparison of the two tasks examined, which differed in complexity, provides support for the role of task difficulty in theoretical understanding of differences in relearning of movement skills. In terms of practice, we can conclude that the individual factor of age and the training factors of timing and level can aid in predicting relearning performance. Further study of additional individual and training factors can bolster our ability to predict relearning outcomes, leading to effective and efficient training decisions.
Patterns of linkage disequilibrium reveal genome architecture in chum salmon

Abstract Many studies exclude loci exhibiting linkage disequilibrium (LD); however, high LD can signal reduced recombination around genomic features such as chromosome inversions or sex-determining regions. Chromosome inversions and sex-determining regions are often involved in adaptation, allowing for the inheritance of co-adapted gene complexes and for the resolution of sexually antagonistic selection through sex-specific partitioning of genetic variants. Genomic features such as these can escape detection when loci with LD are removed; in addition, failing to account for these features can introduce bias to analyses. We examined patterns of LD using network analysis to identify an overlapping chromosome inversion and sex-determining region in chum salmon. The signal of the inversion was strong enough to show up as false population substructure when the entire dataset was analyzed, while the signal of the sex-determining region was only obvious after restricting genetic analysis to the sex chromosome. Understanding the extent and geographic distribution of inversions is now a critically important part of genetic analyses of natural populations. The results of this study highlight the importance of analyzing and understanding patterns of LD in genomic dataset and the perils of ignoring or excluding loci exhibiting LD.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types among Alaska native women attending a colposcopy clinic in Anchorage, Alaska, 2009–2011

The first HPV vaccines licensed targeted two HPV types responsible for most cervical cancers. A 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV), targeting 5 additional types, was introduced in 2016 and is currently the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. Previous studies demonstrated high rates of HPV infection in Alaska Native (AN) women. We sought to measure prevalence of high risk HPV types in AN women undergoing colposcopy and to determine those preventable by vaccination. For this cross-sectional study, we recruited women who were undergoing colposcopy for clinical indications at Alaska Native Medical Center to obtain cervical brush biopsy samples. Specimens were shipped to Atlanta, Georgia for DNA extraction, HPV detection, and typing using L1 PCR with type-specific hybridization to detect 37 HPV types. Four hundred eighty eight specimens from 489 women were tested. At least one HPV type was found in 458 (94%) specimens. Of 458 participants who were HPV positive, 332 (72%) had two or more types. At least one type targeted by 9vHPV was detected in 95% of participants with CIN 3 (21/22), 82% with CIN 2 (37/45), and 65% with CIN 1 (119/184). (p < 0.001) HPV 16 or 18 were detected in 77% (17/22) with CIN 3, 53% (24/45) with CIN 2, and 36% (67/184) with CIN 1. (p < 0.001). A substantial proportion of AN women attending colposcopy clinic had evidence of HPV 16/18 infection, as well as other high risk types targeted by 9vHPV. At least one 9vHPV type was detected in 62% of the participants overall, and 95% of participants with CIN3. AN women are expected to benefit from vaccination against HPV 16/18, and will have greater benefit from 9vHPV. Information from this study could be used to develop public health strategies to increase vaccine uptake, or to track HPV genotype prevalence over time.
Current Pharmacological Treatments for Childhood-Onset Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (SSRD) and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID)

Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD) and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common causes of morbidity in children and adults. They are associated with impaired functioning in multiple domains and increasing health care utilization and costs. Their complex nature with medical and psychiatric comorbidities, diverse symptomatology, and often waxing and waning course can make them difficult to study and treat. However, there is some literature in this area regarding pharmacologic and behavioral treatment approaches. This review aims to examine the existing evidence for pharmacological treatments of SSRD and FGID. Several categories of psychotropic medications have been found to be efficacious in many of these disorders, including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics. Novel approaches to somatization include treatment with cannabinoids, ketamine, opioid antagonists, and peppermint oil. Data on pharmacological management of heterogeneous somatoform disorders ranges from sparse to substantial. A rehabilitative intervention model consisting of pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities with simultaneous treatment of psychiatric comorbidities is recommended.
Real Estate Brokerage and the Housing Market: An Annotated Bibliography

A number of facets of real estate brokerage have been examined over time in theoretical and empirical articles appearing in the literature. This article summarizes brokerage research and suggests avenues for future inquiry. In attempting to organize brokerage research, the research is classified into eight broad topical areas: (1) brokerage firm characteristics; (2) broker commissions; (3) time on the market; (4) broker compensation; (5) the effects of brokerage on house prices; (6) regulation of the brokerage industry; (7) legal liability; and (8) international comparisons. In each area, we point out the major focus of the research by summarizing important findings.
A phage parasite deploys a nicking nuclease effector to inhibit replication of its viral host

ABSTRACT PLEs are phage parasites integrated into the chromosome of epidemic Vibrio cholerae. In response to infection by its viral host ICP1, PLE excises, replicates and hijacks ICP1 structural components for transduction. Through an unknown mechanism PLE prevents ICP1 from transitioning to rolling circle replication (RCR), a prerequisite for efficient packaging of the viral genome. Here, we characterize a PLE-encoded nuclease, NixI, that blocks phage development likely by nicking ICP1’s genome as it transitions to RCR. NixI-dependent cleavage sites appear in ICP1’s genome during infection of PLE(+) V. cholerae. Purified NixI demonstrates in vitro specificity for sites in ICP1’s genome and NixI activity is enhanced by a putative specificity determinant co-expressed with NixI during phage infection. Importantly, NixI is sufficient to limit ICP1 genome replication and eliminate progeny production. We identify distant NixI homologs in an expanded family of putative phage satellites in Vibrios that lack nucleotide homology to PLEs but nonetheless share genomic synteny with PLEs. More generally, our results reveal a previously unknown mechanism deployed by phage parasites to limit packaging of their viral hosts’ genome and highlight the prominent role of nuclease effectors as weapons in the arms race between antagonizing genomes.
Diel and seasonal patterns of soil CO2 efflux in a temperate tidal marsh

Abstract Tidal marshes store large amounts of carbon; however, little is known about the patterns, magnitudes, and biophysical drivers that regulate CO2 efflux from these ecosystems. Due to harsh environmental conditions (e.g., flooding), it is difficult to measure continuous soil CO2 efflux in tidal marshes. These data are necessary to inform empirical and process-based models and to better quantify carbon budgets. We performed automated (30 min) and manual (bi-monthly) soil CO2 efflux measurements, for ~20 months, at two sites in a temperate tidal marsh: tall Spartina (TS; dominated by S. cynosuroides) and short Spartina (SS; dominated by S. alterniflora). These measurements were coupled with water quality, canopy spectral reflectance, and meteorological measurements. There were no consistent diel patterns of soil CO2 efflux, suggesting a decoupling of soil CO2 efflux with diel variations in temperature and tides (i.e., water level) showing a hysteresis effect. Mean soil CO2 efflux was significantly higher at SS (2.15 ± 1.60 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) than at TS (0.55 ± 0.80 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), highlighting distinct biogeochemical spatial variability. At the annual scale, air temperature explained >50% of the variability in soil CO2 efflux at both sites; and water level and salinity were secondary drivers of soil CO2 efflux at SS and TS, respectively. Annual soil CO2 efflux varied from 287-876 to 153-211 g C m−2 y−1 at SS and TS, respectively, but manual measurements underestimated the annual flux by
Proactive Power Control and Position Deployment for Drone Small Cells: Joint Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

Since unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are easily deployed, highly mobile, and hover capability, they are utilized for many commercial applications. In particular, small cells mounted on UAVs, also known as drone small cells (DSC), may provide temporary relief or ancillary programs for the wireless network. In this paper, we design a prediction-based proactive drone management (P2DM) framework to reduce network interference and improve energy efficiency in the multiple DSCs scenario. The P2DM framework can be divided into offline and online phases. In the offline phase, supervised learning is used to build a highly accurate mobility prediction model according to the historical data. The prediction model is launched in the online phase to predict the user position only using a small sample set. The system proactively determines whether a DSC should be awake or asleep at the next timeslot due to the predicted user positions. Since DSC has more longer awake time in the deep sleeping mode, it is previously awoken to avoid data propagation delay. To further overcome the difficulty of obtaining the key performance indicator data (i.e., labeled data) in the online phase, an unsupervised learning technique is employed for DSC repositioning and power control to improve energy efficiency. Our simulation results show that the P2DM framework can demonstrate the advantage in terms of execution time and energy efficiency compared to the existing method based on genetic algorithm (i.e., a heuristic algorithm).
Chapter 9 Physico-Chemical Processes Affecting Copper, Tin and Zinc Toxicity to Algae: A Review

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the physic-chemical processes affecting copper, zinc, and tin toxicity to algae. Both Cu and Zn are essential algal micronutrients, cofactors in numerous biochemical processes. The availability of a nutrient or toxic substance can be significantly affected by precipitation. Methods for modeling the effects of adsorption–desorption reactions have been previously reviewed. Useful predictions of algal response require an understanding of the relative importance of these interactions (both magnitude and time dependence). Photoreduction and dissolution of Mn oxides by dissolved humic substances has been proposed as an important factor regulating dissolved Mn distribution in seawater. Photodegradation of iron (Fe) chelates also enhances Fe uptake by algae. Anderson et al. observed that Fe uptake by Thalassiosira weissflogii in a chemically defined medium dominated by FeEDTA complexation doubled in the presence of light.
Efficient time synchronization for structural health monitoring using wireless smart sensor networks

Summary Wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) have shown great promise in structural health monitoring (SHM), because of their advantages of low cost, higher flexibility, robust data management, and ability to provide better understanding of structural behavior through dense deployment of sensors. However, implementation of wireless SHM systems poses many challenges, one of which is ensuring adequate synchronization of the collected data. This issue arises in WSSNs because each smart sensor in the network having an independent processor with its own local clock, and this clock is not necessarily synchronized with the clocks of other sensors. Moreover, even though the clocks can be accurately synchronized by exchanging time information through beacon messages, the measured data may still be poorly synchronized because of random delays from both software and hardware sources; that is, synchronized clocks do not necessarily yield synchronized sensing. Various algorithms have been proposed to achieve both synchronized clocks and sensing. However, these protocols still lack the desired performance for SHM applications for reasons of extended data collection time, temperature variations resulting in nonlinear clock drift, requirement for prompt response, and so on. In this paper, the unique features and challenges of synchronized sensing for SHM applications are discussed, followed by a numerical investigation of the effect of nonlinear clock drift on data synchronization accuracy. A new synchronized sensing strategy considering nonlinear clock drift compensation is proposed with two different implementations to meet various application requirements. Experimental results show that the proposed time synchronization approach can compensate for temperature effects on clock drift and provide efficient and accurately synchronized sensing (<50 µs maximum error) for SHM, even for long sensing duration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DStrips: dynamic triangle strips for real-time mesh simplification and rendering

DStrips is a simple and efficient method to dynamically manage and generate triangle trips for real-time view dependent multiresolution meshing and rendering. Progressive view-dependent triangle mesh simplification and rendering is an important concept for interactive visualization environments. To minimize the rendering cost, triangle meshes are simplified to the maximal tolerated perceptual error. A further savings can be gained by using hardware optimized rendering primitives such as triangle strips. However, triangle strips have been rarely used successfully in interactive multiresolution meshes due to the costs involved with maintaining the coherency of the strips n the changing mesh. This paper introduces a new dynamic triangle stripping data structure and algorithm. DStrips, that is practical for use with multiresolution meshes. DStrips is aimed at preserving pre-computed triangle strips through changes in the mesh and generating reasonably good triangle strips in real-time. Furthermore, this data structure and algorithm can be easily adapted to any multiresolution mesh which has a face-to-edge/edge-to-face mapping. The presented approach is implemented on top of a real-time view-dependent meshing and rendering framework based on a half-edge data structure using progressive edge collapses and vertex splits. Direct comparisons are made to previous methods in triangle stripification of dynamic and static meshes.
The Presence of Covalently Bound Pyruvate in d-Proline Reductase and Its Participation in the Catalytic Process

Abstract d-Proline reductase contains covalently bound pyruvate, which is probably bonded to the protein through an amide linkage. Reduction of the pyruvate carbonyl group leads to loss of enzyme activity. It is postulated that the nitrogen atom of proline adds to the carbonyl group of pyruvate and that this interaction facilitates the reductive cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond of proline.
Impairment aware cycle based routing algorithm (IACBRA)

A cycle could support a Synchronous optical networking (SONET) ring, or a reliable multicast, or a multipoint to multipoint traffic request, or a p-cycle protecting connections between any two-node pair that belong to the cycle. Determining a cycle passing through a specific set of nodes is a complex process. This paper presents a novel heuristic algorithm to find a least cost possible simple or non-simple cycle with multiple must-include nodes. In case the required cycle must be a simple cycle only, then it is apparent that our problem is similar to a Travelling Salesman Problem, in which the objective is to find the least cost simple cycle with all the nodes in a given travel network. In our algorithm, we allow complex cycles in the sense that links are allowed to be used only once, whereas a node may appear multiple times. This kind of cycle is called a nonsimple cycle and it can increase the success rate of finding the cyclic route with desired set of nodes. The heuristic algorithm in this paper utilizes Breadth First Search and Tree construction algorithms to find a least cost and shortest route between nodes. The experimental results show that our algorithm has lower failure rate of requests than existing heuristic algorithms like Optimized Collapsed Ring (OCR) and Enumeration. The fault-tolerance for single link failure can be achieved by routing the traffic in both the directions of the cycle.
Security analysis of the SAML single sign-on browser/artifact profile

Many influential industrial players are currently pursuing the development of new protocols for federated identity management. The security assertion markup language (SAML) is an important standardized example of this new protocol class and will be widely used in business-to-business scenarios to reduce user-management costs. SAML utilizes a constraint-based specification that is a popular design technique of this protocol class. It does not include a general security analysis, but provides an attack-by-attack list of countermeasures as security consideration. We present a security analysis of the SAML single sign-on browser/artifact profile, which is the first one for such a protocol standard. Our analysis of the protocol design reveals several flaws in the specification that can lead to vulnerable implementations. To demonstrate their impact, we exploit some of these flaws to mount attacks on the protocol.
Bound states and Regge trajectories in a vector meson exchange model

A study of bound states of micleon-antinucleon pairs is carried out with an unsubtractedN/D method previously applied to the KK system. The binding forces are generated by meson exchanges treated with Regge pole formalism. The meson exchange terms are chosen to be consistent with fits to nucleon-nucleon scattering data. It is shown that π,η, ρ and ω mesons may be obtained as boundNN states, but predictions are limited in detail because of sensitivity to input Eegge slope parameter values. A discussion of self-consistency is given, and the bootstrap mechanism for the mesons is found to be not completely consistent when only N-N states are included.
Prediction of thoracic injury from dummy responses

Currently used criteria based on functions of spinal acceleration obtained from crash test dummies are shown to be invalid indicators of chest injury in blunt frontal impacts. Cadaver impact data are analyzed; and injury is found to be a statistically significant function of chest deflection, chest depth, and cadaver age at death. Based on the resulting regression equations, injury-limiting chest deflections are recommended for various size test dummies. The recommendations apply only to test dummies that have significant thoracic biofidelity for blunt frontal impact. They are valid for environments which include significant blunt frontal impact. Their extension to other environments has not been validated.
Acid-catalyzed reaction of 3-aminopyrrole with s-tetrazines: formation of 1H-1,2,4-(triazol-3-yl)pyrimidines via an unprecedented s-tetrazine-ring contraction and concomitant pyrrole-ring expansion

Abstract Initial reaction of 3-aminopyrrole with the conjugate acid of 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine gave an intermediate that rearranged to a 1 H -1,2,4-(triazol-3-yl)pyrimidine via an unprecedented cascade. In this cascade, the s -tetrazine-ring opened, contracted to a 1,2,4-triazole-ring, and the pyrrole ring expanded to a pyrimidine. Similar results were obtained with three other electronically different s -tetrazines.
Homogeneity of intracellular electrophysiological properties in different neuronal subtypes in medial preoptic slices containing the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the rat.

The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) is larger in male than in female rats, the male phenotype requiring the presence of circulating androgens perinatally. These experiments investigated the intracellular electrophysiology and morphology of SDN-POA neurons and compared these properties with those of other medial preoptic area (MPOA) neurons. Biocytin-injected cells in the SDN-POA either had one or two primary dendrites, or they had multipolar dendritic arrays; dendrites were aspiny or sparsely spiny and displayed limited branching. Neurons in other parts of the MPOA were similar morphologically. Regardless of morphology, neurons situated in either the SDN-POA or surrounding MPOA had low-threshold potentials and linear or nearly linear current-voltage relations. In most (73%) cells, stimulation of the dorsal preoptic region evoked a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential followed by a fast inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). Bicuculline blocked the fast IPSPs, which reversed near the Cl2 equilibrium potential (-71 ± 5mV), indicating their mediation by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. Neurons in the SDN-POA have electrophysiological properties similar to those of other medial preoptic cells. When compared with the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the MPOA appears relatively homogeneous electrophysiologically. This is despite the morphological variability within this population of neurons and heterogeneities that are also apparent at other levels of analysis. Finally, GABA-mediated, inhibitory synaptic contacts are widespread among medial preoptic neurons, consistent with indications from earlier reports that GABA provides a link in the feedback actions of gonadal steroids on the release of gonadotropic hormones. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Ice-Pack Storage of Broiler Parts with or Without Bone on the Mineral Levels of Meat

Abstract Broiler breasts and thighs as bone-in or boneless parts were stored in crushed ice for up to 14 days, and the nutrient composition of the meat was determined. No significant trend of change was found for moisture, fat, and protein content over time for either treatment. Ash, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium content decreased with time in all samples; however, die loss was greater in the boneless pieces. Calcium remained rather constant in boneless parts but showed a significant increase in parts with bone, indicating migration of calcium from bone to meat. Sodium content was also constant in all parts except the boneless thigh, which showed a decrease during storage. The present study indicated that variations on the reported values in literature for mineral content might be partly due to the variations in sampling time and method.
REVISING A COLLEGE'S TOTAL CURRICULUM‐THE PROCESS AND THE PRODUCT

ABSTRACT Use of: curriculum definition, outside consultant review, extensive research tied to outcomes assessment, curriculum planning models, time commitment estimation, and human relations/group dynamics in revising a college's entire curriculum is reported. Although all of the above are important, consensus models to include delphi are the critical catalyst.
Secondary Organic Aerosol Produced from Aircraft Emissions at the Atlanta Airport: An Advanced Diagnostic Investigation Using Process Analysis

Abstract Efforts using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to investigate the impacts of aircraft emissions from the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport have previously shown aircraft emissions increased total daily PM 2.5 concentrations by up to 9.4% (0.94 μg m −3 ) with overall impacts varying by modeled grid resolution. However, those results also indicated that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in the airport grid cell were reduced due to aircraft emissions at coarser grid resolutions (36-km and 12-km) but not at a finer resolution (4-km). To investigate this anomaly, this study instruments the CMAQ model with process analysis, an advanced diagnostic modeling tool, and focuses on changes to SOA concentrations due to aircraft emissions in the grid cells containing the Atlanta airport at grid resolutions of 36-km, 12-km, and 4-km. Model results indicated aircraft emissions reduced hourly anthropogenic and biogenic SOA concentrations at the 36-km and 12-km grid resolutions by up to 6.2% (0.052 μg m −3 ) by removing nitrate, hydroxyl, and hydroperoxy radicals through chemistry. At the 4-km resolution, however, hourly modeled SOA concentrations increased (primarily due to changes in biogenic SOA) by up to 11.5% (0.081 μg m −3 ) due to primary organic aerosol emissions from aircraft, with the additional organic mass shifting partitioning of SOA semi-volatile gas phase species into the particle phase.
Solitary and edge-minimal bases for representations of the simple lie algebra G2

We consider two families of weight bases for ''one-rowed'' irreducible representations of the simple Lie algebra G"2 constructed in Donnelly et al [Constructions of representations of o(2n+1,C) that imply Molev and Reiner-Stanton lattices are strongly Sperner, Discrete Math. 263 (2003) 61-79] using two corresponding families of distributive lattices (called ''supporting graphs''), here denoted L"G"""2^L^M(k) and L"G"""2^R^S(k). We exploit the relationship between these bases and their supporting graphs to give combinatorial proofs that the bases enjoy certain uniqueness and extremal properties (the ''solitary'' and ''edge-minimal'' properties, respectively). Our application of the combinatorial technique we develop in this paper to obtain these results relies on special total orderings of the elements and edges of the lattices. We also apply this technique to another family of lattice supporting graphs to re-derive results obtained in Donnely et al. using different, more algebraic methods.
Sources of Salinity Near a Coal Mine Spoil Pile, North-Central Colorado

A small (1 km2) salt-affected stream drainage on the High Plains north of Denver, Colorado was sampled to determine the near-surface dispersion of soluble salts and metals from low-sulfur coal mining waste (spoil). Surface waters collected along the 0.8-km stream reach, and aqueous leachates of spoil and naturally saline local soil, were analyzed for chemical constituents and sulfur isotopes. In this semiarid setting with abundant carbonate-bearing surficial sediments, the limited, mildly acidic drainage from the spoil pile is quickly neutralized, restricting the mobility of many elements. However, some spoil-derived constituents were clearly traceable within the upper 0.4 km of the stream reach. Spoil leachates and surface water near the spoil pile have distinctive compositions of major anions and cations, and elevated levels of dissolved nitrate compared with downstream waters. Spoil-derived sulfate was traceable because it has generally positive values of delta34S that contrasted with generally negative values of delta34S in soil leachates and evaporite salts from the surrounding area. Spatial-chemical sampling of surface water showed an abrupt increase in dissolved U, Se, B, Li, and Mn in the lower 0.4 km of the stream reach where shallow ground water from surrounding irrigated fields contributed to surface flow. The downstream evolution of surface water chemistry and sulfur isotopic composition is consistent with mixing between spoil-affected upstream water and irrigation-return water. The methods described should be applicable at other sites in similar settings where the environmental effect of low-sulfur coal mining waste must be assessed and where access to samples of shallow ground water is limited.
Capacity, Production, and Consumption Assessment of the U.S. South Atlantic Wood Pellet Industry

The wood pellet industry has been in a growing trend worldwide. The Southern U.S. has been proposed as a good location to further develop wood pellet industries geared toward the supply of international markets. This research looks into the current status of the wood pellet industry of the region in terms of consumption of biomass, installed capacity, and production levels of wood pellets. It assesses the known future developments for the region (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). The study also includes an analysis of major ports within the region. Currently, companies within the region have a total production capacity of over 4.7 million tons of pellets, while the current production levels are estimated at 3.1 million tons. Research indicates that at least 20 facilities within the region will be opening their operations, and the expected capacity of the wood pellet industry will then be over 5 million tons of pellets per year. The biomass requirement for the production of these pellets was determined, and the current production level requires over 11 million tons of green biomass (55% moisture content). Future developments may require over 13 million tons, making the industry total over 24 million tons in coming years.
Influence of mineral colloids and humic substances on uranium(VI) transport in water-saturated geologic porous media.

Abstract Mineral colloids and humic substances often co-exist in subsurface environment and substantially influence uranium (U) transport. However, the combined effects of mineral colloids and humic substances on U transport are not clear. This study is aimed at quantifying U transport and elucidating geochemical processes that control U transport when both mineral colloids and humic acid (HA) are present. U-spiked solutions/suspensions were injected into water-saturated sand columns, and U and colloid concentrations in column effluent were monitored. We found that HA promoted U transport via (i) formation of aqueous U–HA complexes, and (ii) competition against aqueous U for surface sites on transport media. Illite colloids had no influence on U transport at pH 5 in the absence of HA due to low mobility of the colloids. At pH 9, U desorbed from mobile illite and the presence of illite decreased U transport. At pH 5, high U transport occurred when both illite colloids and HA were present, which was attributed to enhanced U adsorption to illite colloids via formation of ternary illite–HA–U surface complexes, and enhanced illite transport due to HA attachment to illite and transport media. This study demonstrates that the combined effects of mineral colloids and HA on contaminant transport is different from simple addition of the individual effect.
Neutral lipid storage disease: a possible functional defect in phospholipid- linked triacylglycerol metabolism.

Abstract Neutral lipid storage disease (NLSD) (Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome) is an autosomal recessive disorder of multisystem triacyglycerol (TAG) storage. Previous work has pointed to a defect in intracellular TAG metabolism. In the studies reported here, the lipid metabolism of three lines of NLSD fibroblasts were compared to normal skin fibroblasts. When pulsed with [ 3 H]oleic acid, the earliest observed abnormality in NLSD cell lines was increased incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by accumulation of radiolabel in TAG. Activities of several glycerolipid synthetic enzymes were comparable in NLSD and normal fibroblast lines, excluding oversynthesis of glycerolipid. The proportion of plasmalogen and neutral ether lipid synthesized was normal and alkylglycerols did not accumulate, excluding a defect in ether lipid metabolism. Activities of both acid lipase and Mn 2+ -sensitive lipase within the particulate fractions of NLSD and normal fibroblasts were comparable. These studies are most consistent with functional deficiency of a TAG lipase with activity against a pool of TAG that are normally utilized for phospholipid biosynthesis.
Effects of sterilization procedures on the tensile properties of polycarbonate

The tensile properties of polycarbonate were investigated for specimens subjected to three sterilization procedures—(autoclaving, gassing, and gamma irradiation). Generally the tensile modulus decreased and the percent elongation at yield increased for all sterilization procedures. The ultimate stress was decreased by the ethylene oxide and gamma radiation procedures, while it was increased by the autoclave procedure. The total elongation at break generally increased with all sterilization procedures investigated. For repeated sterilizations, it appears that the autoclave procedures would be less detrimental to the tensile properties of polycarbonate, particularly if the maximum sterilization temperature does not exceed 260°F (127°C). Any of the sterilization methods described can probably be used on polycarbonate for a single application, although the autoclave and gamma sterilization procedures appear to be somewhat better than the gas sterilization procedures in relation to the tensile properties.
Radioimmunotherapy with alpha-particle-emitting immunoconjugates

Alpha particles are energetic short-range ions whose higher linear energy transfer produces extreme cytotoxicity. An alpha-particle-emitting radioimmunoconjugate consisting of a bismuth-212-labeled monoclonal immunoglobulin M specific for the murine T cell/neuroectodermal surface antigen Thy 1.2 was prepared. Analysis in vitro showed that the radioimmunoconjugate was selectively cytotoxic to a Thy 1.2+ EL-4 murine tumor cell line. Approximately three bismuth-212-labeled immunoconjugates per target cell reduced the uptake of [3H]thymidine by the EL-4 target cells to background levels. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with EL-4 cells were cured of their ascites after intraperitoneal injection of 150 microcuries of the antigen-specific radioimmunoconjugate, suggesting a possible role for such conjugates in intracavitary cancer therapy.
Electrical and thermal transport in thin-film nanotube composites with applications to macroelectronics

Nanotube-based thin-film composites promise significant improvement over existing technologies in the performance of large area macroelectronics, organic electronics and in bio-chemical sensing applications. In this paper, we present an overview of recent research on the electrical and thermal performance of thin-film composites composed of random 2D dispersions of nanotubes in a substrate (host matrix). Results from direct simulations of electrical and thermal transport in these composites using a finite volume method are compared to those using an effective medium approximation. The role of contact physics and percolation in influencing electrical and thermal behaviour are explored, and future research directions are discussed.
Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital

or years, business academics and practitioners haveoperated in the belief that sustained competitiveadvantage could accrue from a variety of industry-level entry barriers, such as technological supremacy,patent protections, and government regulations. However,technological change and diffusion, rapid innovation, andderegulation have eroded these widely recognized barriers.In today’s environment, which requires flexibility, innova-tion, and speed-to-market, effectively developing andmanaging employees’ knowledge, experiences, skills, andexpertise—collectively defined as “human capital”—hasbecome a key success factor for sustained organizationalperformance. Traditionally, economic capital (both financial and tangi-ble assets such as plant and equipment) has received allthe attention. But enlightened managers today recognizethe importance not only of tangible assets, data, andphysical resources, but also of this intangible human capi-tal (sometimes called intellectual capital)—“human”referring to the people working at all levels of the organi-zation, and the economic term “capital” referring to theresources withdrawn from consumption that are investedfor future anticipated returns. Bill Gates has been knownto comment that the most important assets in his com-pany walk out the door every night. In other words, herecognizes that the collective knowledge, skills, and abili-ties of his employees represent a distinctive competencythat has created value and set Microsoft apart from itscompetitors.The value created when human capital is aligned withcorporate strategy and fully engaged in making the enter-prise effective has been researched extensively by Harter,Schmidt, and Hayes (2002) and others and found to havea significant positive impact on performance outcomes.Regardless of the recent downturn in the equity market,the past two decades have seen the market-to-book-valueratio of the S&P 500 go from about 1:1 to around 5:1.Oxman (2002) and others have attributed this increase tothe development of new models of company value that
A study of synchronized sampling based fault location algorithm performance under power swing and out-of-step conditions

Relay misoperations play an important role in cascading blackouts. Power swing and out-of-step conditions caused by large disturbances in the system may result in relay misoperations. This effect is analyzed and simulated in this paper. Synchronized sampling based fault location (SSFL) algorithm was proposed as part of an advanced fault analysis tool to give precise fault information and verify relay judgments. This paper further analyzes the algorithm under power swing and out-of-step conditions and tests it by both static and dynamic scenarios generated in ATP. The test results indicate that SSFL algorithm performs better than distance relay under power swing and out-of-step conditions and can be used as a robust fault analysis tool for practical use.
Not Without a Shout: Acts of Activism . . . Politics of Possibility

This paper calls for review of well known and emergent methodological strategies (PAR, performance pieces, cyberspace analysis) to assess their efficacy as acts of activism leading to a politics of possibility in a darkening era characterized by fearful injustices.
Polymer blends and alloys—a review of selected considerations

A brief overview of the important issues governing the behavior of polymer blends is presented. Thermodynamic issues which determine the phase behavior of blends are reviewed and qualitatively related to physical interactions between blend components. The influence of melt processing conditions on the resulting properties and behavior of both miscible and immiscible blends is reviewed. The physical properties of blends are reviewed and illustrated by examples from recent work on miscible blends of polycarbonate with a copolyester and on the immiscible blends of polystyrene with high density polyethylene.
Erbium-Doped Barium Titanate Thin Film Waveguides For Integrated Optical Amplifiers

The factors affecting optical gain were studied for Er-doped BaTiO 3 thin film waveguides. Er-doped BaTiO 3 with dopant concentrations of 0.3 – 9 at.% was deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The luminescence efficiency was maximized by optimizing the growth temperatureand erbium concentration as well as by post-deposition annealing. Stimulated emission was studied using the pump-probe technique over the spectral range of 1,520-1,550 nm. A maximum differential gain of 3 dB/cm wasmeasured at 1,540 nm in an 8 mm long, 8 μm wide ridge waveguide.