cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjective Social Standing and Conflict Tactics Among Young Kenyan Men

Efforts to reduce intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa generally approach the issue through the lens of women's empowerment. These efforts include foci on women's relative power in the relationship, educational background, and earning potential. The social status of men has largely been ignored, reducing the potential to involve them in efforts to demote intimate partner violence. In this study we consider whether a man's perceived social status predicts conflict tactics, and whether these tactics are mediated by loneliness and collective self-esteem from a community-based sample in semi-rural Kenya (n = 263). We find that men who reported lower perceived social status also reported significantly more frequent violent conflicts with their intimate partners. This association was significantly, and completely, mediated by lower collective self-esteem and higher loneliness. There was no direct association between subjective social status and negotiation-based conflict tactics, although there was an indirect association. Men with higher perceived social status reported higher collective self-esteem, and men with higher collective self-esteem reported more negotiation-based conflict tactics. These findings inform efforts to reduce intimate partner violence by involving men, showing potential to reduce violence by building self-esteem among men-particularly those with lower perceived social status.
Twelve new species of Priceiella (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Old World babblers, with keys to species of two subgenera and checklists of species for the genus.

Twelve new species of chewing lice in the genus Priceiella Gustafsson & Bush, 2017, are described from Old World “babblers” (Leiothrichidae, Paradoxornithiidae, Pellorneidae and Timaliidae). Eight species belong to the subgenus Thescelovora Gustafsson & Bush, 2017: Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) calcicola n. sp. from Turdinus crispifrons crispifrons ; Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) fuscicaena n. sp. from Malacopteron magnum magnum and Malacopteron cinereum cinereum ; Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) orichalca n. sp. from Turdinus brevicaudatus leucostictus and four other host species; Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) chanthaburiana n. sp. from Megapomatorhinus hypoleucos tickelli and Pomatorhinus schisticeps klossi ; Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) macrocephala n. sp. from Megapomatorhinus hypoleucos wrayi ; Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) coleyae n. sp. ex Stachyris striolata tonkinensis ; Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) austini n. sp. ex Pomatorhinus ruficollis intermedius ; and Priceiella ( Thescelovora ) ornata n. sp. ex Psittiparus gularis fokiensis . The remaining four species belong to the subgenus Camurnirmus Gustafsson & Bush, 2017: Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) najeri n. sp. from Garrulax monileger stuarti and three other hosts; Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) bohsae n. sp. from Garrulax strepitans ; Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) lindquistae n. sp. ex Ianthocincla chinensis chinensis ; Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) sonorae n. sp. ex Garrulax maesi maesi . We redescribe and illustrate Priceiella ( Camurnirmus ) rhinocichlae (Eichler, 1957). Keys to species of two subgenera, a comprehensive checklist of all the species of Priceiella , and a host-louse list are provided.
Abstract 18729: Blood Pressure Trajectories, Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Left Ventricular Mass: Results From a 23-Year Longitudinal Study From Childhood to Young Adulthood

Background: The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of individuals with similar trajectories in blood pressure (BP) from childhood to adulthood, and to determine the relationship of BP tr...
A High-Throughput Microtiter-Based Fungicide Sensitivity Assay for Oomycetes Using Z'-Factor Statistic

Current methods to quantitatively assess fungicide sensitivity for a diverse range of oomycetes are slow and labor intensive. Microtiter-based assays can be used to increase throughput. However, many factors can affect their quality and reproducibility. Therefore, efficient and reliable methods for detection of assay quality are desirable. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a robust high-throughput fungicide phenotyping assay based on spectrophotometric quantification of mycelial growth in liquid culture and implementation of quality control with Z' factor and growth curves. Z' factor was used to ensure that each isolate grew enough in the absence of fungicides compared with the negative control, and growth curves were used to ensure active growth at the time of concentration of a fungicide that reduces growth by 50% (EC50) estimation. EC50 and relative growth values were correlated in a side-by-side comparison with values obtained using the amended medium (gold standard) assay. Concordance correlation indicated that the high-throughput assay is accurate but may not be as precise as the amended medium assay. To demonstrate the utility of the high-throughput assay, the sensitivity of 216 oomycete isolates representing four genera and 81 species to mefenoxam and ethaboxam was tested. The assay developed herein will enable high-throughput fungicide phenotyping at a population or community level.
Identifying and Addressing Individuals Resistant to Behavioral Lifestyle Treatment.

The prevention and treatment of lifestyle disease involves overlapping factors. Those at the highest risk for the development of lifestyle disease are also at the highest risk for poor treatment ou...
Using Lexical Features to Investigate Second Language Lexical Decision Performance.

A large dataset of word recognition behavior from nonnative speakers (NNS) of English was collected using an online crowdsourced lexical decision task. Lexical features were used to predict NNS lexical decision latencies and accuracies. Predictors of NNS latencies and accuracy included contextual diversity, age of acquisition, and contextual distinctiveness, while length moderated the impact of contextual diversity and neighborhood size on accuracy. Results have implications for second language word recognition and demonstrate that NNS behavioral data collected through large crowdsourcing projects can afford a rich source for SLA research.
Satellite based optical backplanes and the next generation space interconnect standard (NGSIS): a modular open standards approach for high performance interconnects for space

This paper describes the Next Generation Space Interconnect Standard (NGSIS) effort for the Reinventing Space community.
E-Cigarette Battery Explosions: Review of the Acute Management of the Burns and the Impact on Our Population.

Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes (E-cig), are lithium-battery-powered devices, which became available for sale in the United States in 2017. It has gained significant popularity among younger-generation tobacco smokers due to its advertisement as a non-toxic inhalation property and a potential smoking-cessation aid. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been regulating e-cigarettes as tobacco products and not as drug-delivery devices, as many medical experts think it should be categorized. In the last few years, the medical community has encountered increasing episodes of burn injuries secondary to e-cigarette battery explosion. Explosions occur through a process known as a "thermal runaway.” This process occurs when the battery overheats and the internal battery temperature increases dangerously high, to the point of inner fire and explosion. Overcharge, puncture, external heat, short circuit, amongst others, are conditions that cause a “thermal runaway.” This is a retrospective review and analysis of six patients with superficial, partial, and full-thickness burn injuries related to e-cigarette battery explosions managed at Johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Center over the course of one year. Lund-Browder diagrams and calculations were used to assess the total body surface area (TBSA) burns. Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) was used to evaluate the indeterminate depth of the burn. Only one of our six patients required tangential excision and skin grafting. The rest of our patients were treated conservatively with complex wound care, which included the mixed combination of topical collagenase and bacitracin, collagenase and mafenide, or silver sulfadiazine as a single-agent treatment with an excellent response. Five patients were discharged home within a week, including the patient who required operative excision and auto-grafting. One patient stayed for eight days for pain control and complex wound care. Our experience with these burns has been similar to what is previously reported. Most of these burns are managed with complex wound care without any surgical interventions. The e-cigarette batteries seem more prone to failure due to an inherent weakness in their structural design. This makes them particularly susceptible to the “thermal runaway.” Therefore, we recognized the need to expand the regulation and control of the quality of these devices. Prevention of these burns will require continuing education for the community on the use of E-cig. products and its potential hazardous implications. New efforts should be made to educate the community and healthcare providers regarding the potential hazardous implication of carrying these batteries. Also, there is insufficient data to support or deny the long-term health effects of using e-cigarettes.
El desmadre: counter-hegemonic fervour in Carlos Monsiváis’s 1986 World Cup chronicles

The 1986 Mexico World Cup is memorialized in terms of two iconic moments produced by Argentine legend Diego Maradona’s on-field magic in the game against England – the controversial ‘Hand-of-God’ g...
Cyber Security… …by Design or by Counterplay?—Enabling and Accelerating Digital Transformation Through Managing Information Security Technology, Risk and Compliance at the Right Place

The connected world—where everything is based on computer technology—needs more security, not less. Otherwise, the safety of people, the security of and the trust in society are at risk. There will be certification, as well as new regulation, in this area. In organizations, the board and executive level is the right place for cyber security management. The state of maturity of the security function and the alignment to the business defines the success of digital transformation projects. Differentiating businesses through security is desired, and the IT teams should start to enable digital transformation. The deployment of security technology as an integrated platform will empower businesses to act proactively and support new processes. The constantly changing and growing threat landscape, the associated risk and regulatory requirements demand not only “state of the art”, but also the “…by design” implementation of technical security controls. For new disruptive technologies, built-in security might often be the only option anyway.
Anomalous papillary muscles-Implications in the surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Objectives To categorize and assess the functional significance of anomalous papillary muscles in patients undergoing surgical management of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods We reviewed the records of operations for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and identified 73 patients with an anomalous papillary muscle. Anomalous papillary muscles inserting directly into the body of the anterior mitral valve leaflet were classified as type I, those with both direct insertion into the body of the leaflet and attachment to the free edge of the anterior leaflet were categorized as type II, and anomalous papillary muscles inserting into the free edge of the anterior leaflet were grouped as type III. Additionally, we investigated detection rates by preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Results The mean age of patients was 51.9 ± 12.3 years, and 49.3% were male. The anomalous papillary muscle was classified as type I in 31.5% of patients, type II in 35.6%, and type III in 32.9%. Only type I and type II anomalous papillary muscles contributed to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The anomalous papillary muscle was detected on preoperative transthoracic echocardiography in 11% of patients and by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in 27.4% of patients. No anomalous papillary muscles were identified on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. All patients underwent septal myectomy with or without (n = 34) associated excision of the anomalous papillary muscle. Excision of the papillary muscles was more common in patients with type I and II (76.4% and 80.8%, respectively) when compared with type III (4.2%). Ten patients underwent mitral valve repair, and 1 patient had mitral valve replacement. Conclusions Papillary muscle abnormalities are important findings in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but are not identified preoperatively in the majority of patients. Recognition of anomalous papillary muscles intraoperatively and understanding of the morphologic subtypes are critical to adequate gradient relief and preservation of mitral valve function. The optimum approach involves a transaortic extended septal myectomy associated with the resection of the anomalous papillary muscles in patients with type I and II anatomy.
Incidence of resident mistreatment in the learning environment across three institutions.

Mistreatment in the learning environment is associated with negative outcomes for trainees. While the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) annual Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) has collec...
Requirements for efficient ligand-gated co-transcriptional switching in designed variants of the B. subtilis pbuE adenine-responsive riboswitch in E. coli

Riboswitches, generally located in the 5'-leader of bacterial mRNAs, direct expression via a small molecule-dependent structural switch that informs the transcriptional or translational machinery. While the structure and function of riboswitch effector-binding (aptamer) domains have been intensely studied, only recently have the requirements for efficient linkage between small molecule binding and the structural switch in the cellular and co-transcriptional context begun to be actively explored. To address this aspect of riboswitch function, we have performed a structure-guided mutagenic analysis of the B. subtilis pbuE adenine-responsive riboswitch, one of the simplest riboswitches that employs a strand displacement switching mechanism to regulate transcription. Using a cell-based fluorescent protein reporter assay to assess ligand-dependent regulatory activity in E. coli, these studies revealed previously unrecognized features of the riboswitch. Within the aptamer domain, local and long-range conformational dynamics influenced by sequences within helices have a significant effect upon efficient regulatory switching. Sequence features of the expression platform including the pre-aptamer leader sequence, a toehold helix and an RNA polymerase pause site all serve to promote strong ligand-dependent regulation. By optimizing these features, we were able to improve the performance of the B. subtilis pbuE riboswitch in E. coli from 5.6-fold induction of reporter gene expression by the wild type riboswitch to over 120-fold in the top performing designed variant. Together, these data point to sequence and structural features distributed throughout the riboswitch required to strike a balance between rates of ligand binding, transcription and secondary structural switching via a strand exchange mechanism and yield new insights into the design of artificial riboswitches.
On Unit Read-Once Resolutions and Copy Complexity

In this paper, we discuss the copy complexity of unit resolution with respect to Horn formulas. A Horn formula is a boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) with at most one positive literal per clause. Horn formulas find applications in a number of domains such as program verification and logic programming. Resolution as a proof system for boolean formulas is both sound and complete. However, resolution is considered an inefficient proof system when compared to other stronger proof systems for boolean formulas. Despite this inefficiency, the simple nature of resolution makes it an integral part of several theorem provers. Unit resolution is a restricted form of resolution in which each resolution step needs to use a clause with only one literal (unit literal clause). While not complete for general CNF formulas, unit resolution is complete for Horn formulas. A read-once resolution (ROR) refutation is a refutation in which each clause (input or derived) may be used at most once in the derivation of a refutation. As with unit resolution, ROR refutation is incomplete in general and complete for Horn clauses. This paper focuses on a combination of unit resolution and read-once resolution called Unit read-once resolution (UROR). UROR is incomplete for Horn clauses. In this paper, we study the copy complexity problem in Horn formulas under UROR. Briefly, the copy complexity of a formula under UROR is the smallest number k such that replicating each clause k times guarantees the existence of a UROR refutation. This paper focuses on two problems related to the copy complexity of unit resolution. We first relate the copy complexity of unit resolution for Horn formulas to the copy complexity of the addition rule in the corresponding Horn constraint system. We also examine a form of copy complexity where we permit replication of derived clauses, in addition to the input clauses. Finally, we provide a polynomial time algorithm for the problem of checking if a 2-CNF formula has a UROR refutation.
Removal of Salt Marsh–Impairing Tidal Flow Restrictions: Impact on Upstream Flooding under the Combined Influence of Rainfall and Tide

AbstractRestoring tidal flow to anthropogenically flow-restricted waterways provides ecological benefits while also changing the flood risk of adjacent lands. Our research evaluated the flooding ri...
Equity Returns, Bond Spreads, and Economic Activity in Emerging Countries

While simultaneously accounting for the effects of sovereign and corporate bond spreads, we document that emerging market economy (EME) equity returns have a strong predictive power for future output growth and account for a significant fraction of output fluctuations in these countries. Our results are based on the environment of Caballero, Fernandez, and Park (2019), who show that corporate bond spreads are a better driver of EME economic activity than sovereign bond spreads. We find that equity returns, a proxy of domestic and external financial conditions, play a more important role for EME output growth than both types of bond spreads. We attribute this difference to the effectiveness of equity returns in transmitting global financial risk shocks to EMEs and to the role of equity issuance in international capital flows in EMEs.
Data-driven identification of temporal glucose patterns in a large cohort of nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 using time-series clustering

Objective Hyperglycemia has emerged as an important clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Whether these glycemic changes are specific to a subgroup of patients and persist following COVID-19 resolution remains to be elucidated. This work aimed to characterize longitudinal random blood glucose in a large cohort of nondiabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Materials and methods De-identified electronic medical records of 7502 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 without prior diagnosis of diabetes between January 1, 2020, and November 18, 2020, were accessed through the TriNetX Research Network. Glucose measurements, diagnostic codes, medication codes, laboratory values, vital signs, and demographics were extracted before, during, and after COVID-19 diagnosis. Unsupervised time-series clustering algorithms were trained to identify distinct clusters of glucose trajectories. Cluster associations were tested for demographic variables, COVID-19 severity, glucose-altering medications, glucose values, and new-onset diabetes diagnoses. Results Time-series clustering identified a low-complexity model with 3 clusters and a high-complexity model with 19 clusters as the best-performing models. In both models, cluster membership differed significantly by death status, COVID-19 severity, and glucose levels. Clusters membership in the 19 cluster model also differed significantly by age, sex, and new-onset diabetes mellitus. Discussion and conclusion This work identified distinct longitudinal blood glucose changes associated with subclinical glucose dysfunction in the low-complexity model and increased new-onset diabetes incidence in the high-complexity model. Together, these findings highlight the utility of data-driven techniques to elucidate longitudinal glycemic dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 and provide clinical evidence for further evaluation of the role of COVID-19 in diabetes pathogenesis.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Aspect Ratio on Flows Around Bluff Bodies

A numerical simulation of flow around rectangular 2-D prisms of different cross-sectional aspect ratios, ranging from 0.3 to 7.0, is conducted at a Reynolds number of 10. The large eddy simulation (LES) scheme is utilized to solve the 3-D Navier-Stokes equations using a finite volume method on a non-uniform grid, with the Smagorinsky closure model representing the subgrid scale viscosity. This study identifies the influence of aspect ratio on flow features of the velocity/pressure field, i.e., instantaneous vorticity/pressure contours, mean flow streamlines, mean/RMS pressure distribution around the prism, base pressure, mean/RMS drag/lift coefficients, spectral description of drag/lift time history, the associated wavelet based scalograms, wavelet instantaneous frequency spectra and the Strouhal number. Results exhibit salient features in the flow field and associated pressure/aerodynamic forces due to changes in the after body length, demonstrating good agreement with observations from wind tunnel experiments. Findings include identification of the critical depth/breadth ratio and fluctuations in the drag/lift forces, containing features that vary with aspect ratio. A time-frequency analysis is introduced to identify the transient nature of these fluctuations. Wavelet based signal processing schemes combined with instantaneous vorticity/pressure contours are utilized to further highlight temporal variations in the frequency contents of these fluctuations and their influence on the force coefficients.
Non-enzymatic amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide using grass-like copper oxide nanostructures calcined in nitrogen atmosphere

Abstract In this research, grass-like CuO nanostructure was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal reaction at 100 °C for 6 h without using any surfactant. The as-prepared sample was further calcined at 500 °C for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere for comparison. The surface morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of the products were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and room temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The as-synthesized samples were also characterized systematically by electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometric detection (i-t) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the sample prepared after calcination in a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited better electrochemical catalytic performance for the determination of H 2 O 2 . In addition, high sensitivity (119.35 μA/mM) and fast amperometric response ( 2 O heterostructure, thus making it one of the promising candidates for the efficient and sensitive non-enzymatic amperometric detection of H 2 O 2 .
Bilateral Decompression via Microscopic TubularCrossing Laminotomy (MTCL) for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Technique and Early Surgical Result

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of bilateral decompression procedure via microscopic tubular crossing laminotomy (MTCL) for treating lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Seventeen patients with LSS underwent bilateral decompression via an MTCL procedure in which tubular retractor was placed. The mean age was 72 (range 59-84) years and there were 10 men and 7 women. All patients underwent pre- and postoperative dynamic lumbar x-ray, magnetic resonance (MR) image, and computed tomography. To verify the efficacy of this technique, pre- and postoperative cross-sectional area (CSA) of thecal sac, facet resection, and fatty infiltration (FI) of multifidus were measured. Clinical results were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), back and leg visual analog scale (VAS). The mean follow-up period was 17.5 months (range 12.1-21.2). 70.5% of MTCL was performed at the level of L4-5 and one case of dural violation (5.8%) was noted at the level of L5-S1. The mean preoperative CSA was 70.5 mm(2) (range 25.1-87.6) and it increased to 198.8 mm(2) (range 177.3-219.2) postoperatively (p = 0.00). The mean facet resection rate was 18.4% (range 9.9-26.9) and no radiological instability was noted postoperatively. MR image showed no increase in FI of the multifidus after 12 months of follow-up (p = 0.53). Preoperative clinical symptoms improved significantly at postoperative 6 months and 12 months of follow-up. These results indicate that an MTCL with use of tubular retractor system can be an effective procedure to achieve neural decompression for the treatment of LSS and it may be beneficial in preserving both facet joint and multifidus muscle.
Pathology of Follicular Cancer

Follicular carcinomas are rare in today’s industrialized nations (1,2). This cancer type does not have the nuclear features of papillary carcinoma, usually has no papillae, lacks amyloid and calcitonin, and does not contain the numerous spindle cells, giant cells, and mitotic figures of undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma. Most published classifications are based on the degree of cancer invasiveness, but histological patterns of the neoplasm may also provide clues to its likely behavior (3). At present, evaluating the neoplasm’s relationship to the surrounding tissues has proved to be the most useful guide to categorizing these tumors (4, 5, 6, 7).
International Reserves in Low Income Countries: Have They Served as Buffers?

This paper provides a historical perspective on the role of international reserves in low-income countries as a cushion against large external shocks over the last three decades - including the current global crisis. The results suggest that international reserves have played a role in buffering external shocks, with the resulting macroeconomic costs varying with the nature of the shock, the economy’s structural characteristics, and the level of reserves.
Negative Selection Algorithm for Aircraft Fault Detection

We investigated a real-valued Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA) for fault detection in man-in-the-loop aircraft operation. The detection algorithm uses body-axes angular rate sensory data exhibiting the normal flight behavior patterns, to generate probabilistically a set of fault detectors that can detect any abnormalities (including faults and damages) in the behavior pattern of the aircraft flight. We performed experiments with datasets (collected under normal and various simulated failure conditions) using the NASA Ames man-in-the-loop high-fidelity C-17 flight simulator. The paper provides results of experiments with different datasets representing various failure conditions.
Mathematical formalism and characteristics of four basic models of indirect pharmacodynamic responses for drug infusions.

Indirect response models require differential equations to describe the nonlinear inhibition or stimulation of the production or loss (kout ) of the response variable. Partially integrated solutions for these models developed previously for iv bolus or biphasic pharmacokinetics were extended to consider drug infusions for limited or extended durations. Qualitative examination was made of the role of infusion rate and duration, type and rate of drug disposition, Imax or Smax capacity factors, IC50 or SC50 sensitivity factors, and kout values. Properties of the response curves characterized include curve shapes, maximum or minimum response, onset rate, steady-state, and return to baseline. Some comparisons were made with behavior of iv bolus doses. These relationships provide both a formal and practical basis for better understanding of the time-course of basic indirect response models.
A decision support system for distributed data allocation in support of C/sup 3/ systems

The allocation of data in distributed database system can significantly affect the response time of the system. This is particularly important when the database supports an operational command, control, and communication C/sup 3/ system. There are several methods for determining where to store the data in a distributed system. These include various optimization algorithms which use linear programming to minimize some cost function, as well as numerous heuristic methods. A decision support system (DSS) is presented that rank-orders various allocation methods based on the relative importance given to such factors as response times in the communication network, resources needed, and execution time of the allocation algorithm. To demonstrate this DSS the US army maneuver control system (MCS) was simulated using SLAM. Two optimal allocation schemes (using linear programming) and three heuristic methods were implemented to assign data location among the MCS nodes. The results of these simulations were then input to the DSS, along with several scenarios to provide importance weights to the decision factors. The results show that these weights affect the choice of allocation scheme, including some scenarios where neither of the optimal techniques were selected. >
Understanding the Dynamics of the Labor Share: the Role of non-Competitive Factor Prices

In this paper we explore the dynamics of the aggregate labor share for the US economy. We explore the extent to which a family of real business cycles models, where wages are not set competitively (tailored to replicate cyclical facts about the labor market), is capable of generating the observed dynamics of labor share as described in Rios-Rull and Santaeulalia-Llopis (2007). We build upon Merz (1995), Andolfatto (1996), Langot (1995), and Cheron and Langot (2004), among others, who analyze models where wages are determined via Nash bargaining, employment lags productivity, and labor share falls with productivity innovations. Although these models account for various business cycles properties, they fail in replicating the dynamic empirical response of the labor share to technological shocks; this occurs even after we change preferences and technology. However, changing the aggregate production function (from Cobb-Douglas to CES) delivers the best results, hinting that future research should be directed away from Cobb-Douglas technologies rather than from noncompetitive factor markets.
Models of Psychiatric Emergency Care

As the numbers of patients seeking emergency department care for urgent psychiatric symptoms have dramatically increased across the USA, a variety of different treatment approaches have emerged to best serve this population. This article discusses the most prominent models of psychiatric crisis care and compares the pros and cons of each, with additional focus on the newest and most innovative approaches.
Nonprofit Foundations and Grassroots Organizing: Reshaping Urban Governance

Collaborative urban governance has increased the role of community organizations in local decision-making processes. These organizations need financial resources in order to participate in urban governance. In this article, I examine the impact of foundation grants on the relationships and agendas of four community organizations in one neighborhood in St. Paul, Minnesota. Drawing on interviews, observations of organizations, and archival research, I demonstrate that in the 1990s, nonprofit foundations had a significant impact on the formation of new organizations and on their agendas in the neighborhood. Foundations are, therefore, an important player in urban governance, shaping a “neighborhood policy regime.”
Students as Subjects and Scholars: Qualquant Tools in the Classroom

My experience attending two NSF Short Courses on Research Methods in Cultural Anthropology prompted me to use free list and pile sorting activities as teaching exercises with interesting and informative results that could be useful for others grappling with teaching research methods to undergraduates. My immediate goal in attending the course was inform my teaching of anthropological research methods. However, I also gained a new pedagogical tool that I have implemented in a wide range of classes to help students experience and understand the various qualitative and quantitative methods undertaken in social science research, while also redirecting their role as passive students to active scholars. The following paper outlines the implementation of this Museum Studies' free list and pile sorting exercises, considers the resultant data and impact on students in their own words, and provides some caveats for future implementation.
Sucrose synthase levels do not limit or regulate carbon transfer in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Abstract Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is the main sucrose breakdown enzyme in plant sink tissues, including nodules, and is a possible candidate for the diversion of plant carbon to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in roots. We tested the involvement of SuSy in AM symbiosis of Glomus intraradices and Pisum sativum (pea). We observed that peas deficient in the predominant root isoform of SuSy were colonized successfully by AM fungi similar to wild-type roots. SuSy protein levels did not increase in roots as AM symbiosis developed, although SuSy protein levels did increase in nodules as the rhizobium symbiosis developed. Our results lead us to conclude that, unlike nodule symbiosis, SuSy protein does not limit or regulate carbon transfer in the AM symbiosis.
Removal of time-varying errors in network-analyser measurements: signal normalisation and test results

A new approach to network-analyser measurements has been developed, which uses a dynamic-error suppression technique to remove time-varying component-drift errors (such as amplifier- and filter-response changes) and physical‐device errors (such as response changes due to cable flexure). This dynamic-error suppression technique is combined with a conventional static-error suppression technique, such as ‘short/open/load/thru’ (SOLT) or ‘thru/reflection/line’ (TRL), to remove all types of errors. This procedure is referred to as the accurate real-time total-error-suppression technique (ARTTEST). Special signal flow models and normalisation equations are developed for the suppression of both static and time-varying errors in the transmitter, receiver, reference, and link circuitry. In order to test the prototype system, time-varying reflection and transmission errors are introduced in the various paths in the ARTTEST network analyser. Based on these tests, it is found that the ARTTEST network analyser's dynamic-error suppression technique provides an improvement, when compared with conventional network analyser measurements, of greater than 50 dB for reflection and greater than 40 dB for transmission measurements. Corresponding improvements of greater than a factor of 300 for reflection phase and greater than a factor of 100 improvement for measurements of transmission phase are also achieved.
Visual dominance and attention in space

When human subjects are presented a light and a tone simultaneously, each of which serves as a cue in a reaction time task, responding is predominantly to the light. This phenomenon has been referred to as visual dominance. The present experiment attempted to test the hypothesis that when subjects must divide their attention between different objects in space, the visual channel is favored over the auditory channel. Rather than the “free-field” method used in our earlier work, our procedure involved the use of earphones to deliver the auditory stimulus. The results provided a further indication of the robustness of the visual dominance effect. While there was a slight reduction in the magnitude of the effect, as compared with the “free-field” situation, responding was still predominantly to the visual stimulus.
Opening the “Black Box”: Family Check-Up intervention effects on self-regulation that prevents growth in problem behavior and substance use

Family-school interventions are a well-established method for preventing and remediating behavior problems in at-risk youth, yet the mechanisms of change underlying their effectiveness are often overlooked or poorly understood. The Family Check-Up (FCU), a school-based, family-centered intervention, has been consistently associated with reductions in youth antisocial behavior, deviant peer group affiliation, and substance use. The purpose of this study was to explore proximal changes in student-level behavior that accounts for links between implementation of the FCU and changes in youth problem behavior. Data were drawn from a randomized controlled trial study of the efficacy of the FCU among 593 ethnically diverse middle school students followed longitudinally from 6th through 8th grades. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that random assignment to the FCU intervention condition was related to increased mean levels of students' self-regulation from 6th to 7th grades, which in turn reduced the risk for growth in antisocial behavior, involvement with deviant peers, and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use through the 8th grade. Overall, these findings highlight the robust implications of self-regulation as a proximal target for family-centered interventions.
Treatment strategies for complex behavioral insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of reviewThis review describes recent research in pediatric behavioral insomnias in neurodevelopmental disorders and their treatment.Recent findingsInsomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is typically complex, chronic, and diffic
Human–Osprey Conflicts: Industry, Utilities, Communication, and Transportation

Abstract Although often perceived as a species of remote settings, Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) are highly adaptable and currently are abundant in many urban and suburban landscapes. Living in close proximity to humans, Ospreys often come into conflict with people and several important issues require the attention of and management by natural resource professionals. These include effects on: (1) industry (e.g., foraging at aquaculture facilities), (2) utilities (e.g., nesting on electric utility power poles and transmission towers), (3) communication networks (e.g., nesting on cellular towers), and (4) transportation systems (e.g., risks posed to human health and safety due to Osprey–aircraft collisions). Due to the Osprey's migratory and wintering habits, conflicts between Ospreys and humans are generally seasonal in nature (i.e., during the nesting season); Florida is an important exception. Creative mitigation measures (many currently being developed and evaluated) that combine effective management and ...
Language disorders and learning disabilities in school-refusing adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that school-refusing adolescents hospitalized on an inpatient psychiatric unit have more language and learning disabilities than diagnosis-, age-, and sex-matched psychiatric controls. Method The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised (WJTA-R), the WISC-R, the Adolescent Language Screening Test, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised, and the Test of Language Competence (TLC) were given to a group of well-characterized, primarily depressed school refusers and matched psychiatric controls. Results We found that school-refusing adolescents had significantly lower WISC-R verbal intelligence scores, lower Math and Written Language subscale scores on the WJTA-R, and lower scores on the TLC than nonrefusers. School refusers were found to have a significantly higher incidence of both language impairments and learning disabilities than controls. Conclusions We infer that academic and communicative frustration and the adolescent's resulting inability to meet the academic and social demands in the school environment may play a role in the etiology of school refusal.
Dendritic calcium dynamics

Further characterization of the biochemical components that contribute to calcium handling, together with advances in optical imaging of ion concentration, are providing quantitative information on the dynamics of calcium in the dendrites of neurons in tissue culture, brain slices and in vivo. It has recently been demonstrated that strong spatial gradients and transient calcium elevations result from the geometry and membrane properties of dendrites. These studies are adding to our understanding of calcium's role in synaptic plasticity and in shaping the electrophysiological properties of neurons.
Accuracy of approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations

The systems of truncated differential equations that have been proposed to reduce the complexity and large computational costs of solutions to the full Navier-Stokes equations are considered. These systems are computationally efficient and capture all the physically relevant behavior. The systems follow a certain hierarchy: (1) the classical boundary-layer equations with specified edge properties (usually the streamwise pressure distribution); (2) the coupled boundary-layer/inviscid equations; (3) the so-called thin-layer equations that discard streamwise diffusion; and (4) the Navier-Stokes equations. Consideration is given to each of these approximations applied to an incompressible, laminar-separating flow at low and moderate Reynolds numbers. It is pointed out that for any flow or region of flow for which viscous-inviscid interaction effects are small, classical boundary-layer equations will provide a satisfactory description of the viscous flow at a fraction of the computational cost of any higher approximations.
Methionine-enkephalin antagonism and endorphin potentiation of narcotic-induced analgesia☆

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of subanalgesic doses of beta- and leucine-endorphin in mice 15 min before subcutaneous morphine injection, significantly enhanced the analgesic effects of the morphine as measured by the tail-flick assay. A similar effect was seen with levorphanol analgesia but not enhancement of leucine- or methionine-enkephalin analgesia by beta-endorphin was observed. The same doses of the endorphins did not affect the development of single-dose morphine tolerance and dependence. Leucine-enkephalin failed to affect morphine analgesia, tolerance or dependence development, while low doses of methionine-enkephalin administered i.c.v. were observed to have an antagonistic effect on morphine analgesia without affecting tolerance or dependence development. Neither endephalin had any effect on beta-endorphin analgesia.
Micro-PIV measurements of induced-charge electro-osmosis around a metal rod

A cylindrical gold-coated stainless steel rod was positioned at the center of a straight microchannel connecting two fluid reservoirs on either end. The microchannel was filled with 1 mM KCl containing 0.5 μm diameter carboxylate-modified spherical particles. Induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow occurred around the metallic rod under a sinusoidal AC electric field applied using two platinum electrodes. The ICEO flows around the metallic rod were measured using micro particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) technique as functions of the AC electric field strength and frequency. The present study provides experimental data about ICEO flow in the weakly nonlinear limit of thin double layers, in which, the charging dynamics of the double layer cannot be presented analytically. The measured ICEO flow pattern qualitatively agrees with the theoretical results obtained by Squires and Bazant (J Fluid Mech 509:217–252, 2004). Flow around the rod is quadrupolar, driving liquid towards the rod along the electric field and forcing it away from the rod in the direction perpendicular to the imposed electric field. The measured ICEO flow velocity is proportional to the square of the electric field strength, and depends on the applied AC frequency.
A framework for self-healing home networks

Self-healing networks, or computer networks that can detect existing or potential pathologies and mitigate them with minimal human intervention, are particularly attractive in the home networking space, as home networks are heterogeneous and are typically configured and maintained by non-experts. Home networks greatly benefit from the ability to independently detect and mitigate issues with minimal user intervention. In this work in progress paper, we propose a proactive framework for a self-healing home network that detects and mitigates network pathologies that may lead to reduced application QoE. The framework collects and analyzes both application-level and network-level data to assessing the current “health” of the home network. In addition, the framework will apply a set of heuristics to determine the best course of action to take when presented with a set of network conditions.
Facile synthesis of benzamides to mimic an α-helix

Abstract A new α-helix mimetic was designed by using a benzamide as a rigid scaffold. It presents three functional groups corresponding to side chains of amino acids found at the i, i + 4, and i + 7 positions of an ideal α-helix, which are displayed on the same helical face. Its efficient synthesis was achieved by employing simple alkylation and amidation reactions which can be easily adapted for solid-phase synthesis. As a result, two tris-benzamides were produced to mimic two helical regions found in a peptide hormone, glucagon.
Seasonal variations in salt-marsh macroalgae photosynthesis. I. Ascophyllum nodosum ecad scorpioides

Photosynthesis in whole plants of the intertidal alga Ascophyllum nodosum ecad scorpiodes was evaluated by measuring 14C-uptake under a variety of light intensities and approximately monthly intervals during a 15 month study. Photosynthetic rates were determined in terms of dry weight, pigment content and uptake into ethanolsoluble and insoluble fractions. The specimens, naturally acclimated to in situ light intensities and temperatures, exhibited photosynthetic responses to light intensity which differed with time of year. Maximum photosynthetic potential occurred during the spring months and minimum potential occurred during late summer and winter months. Variations in photosynthetic potential were closely related to seasonal changes in field biomass. Both photosynthetic potential and biomass were inversely related to growth patterns of the salt-marsh phanerogam Spartina alternilora.