cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin monotherapy for the treatment of hypogonadal symptoms in men with total testosterone > 300 ng/dL.

ABSTRACT Purpose The 2018 American Urological Association guidelines on the Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency recommended that 300 ng/dL be used as the threshold for prescribing testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, it is not uncommon for men to present with signs and symptoms of testosterone deficiency, despite having testosterone levels greater than 300 ng/dL. There exists scant literature regarding the use of hCG monotherapy for the treatment of hypogonadism in men not interested in fertility. We sought to evaluate serum testosterone response and duration of therapy of hCG monotherapy for men with symptoms of hypogonadism, but total testosterone levels > 300 ng/dL. Materials and Methods We performed a multi-institutional retrospective case series of men receiving hCG monotherapy for symptomatic hypogonadism. We evaluated patient age, treatment indication, hCG dosage, past medical history, physical exam findings and serum testosterone and gonadotropins before and after therapy. Descriptive analysis was performed and Mann Whitney U Test was utilized for statistical analysis. Results Of the 20 men included in the study, treatment indications included low libido (45%), lack of energy (50%), and erectile dysfunction (45%). Mean testosterone improved by 49.9% from a baseline of 362 ng/dL (SD 158) to 519.8 ng/dL (SD 265.6), (p=0.006). Median duration of therapy was 8 months (SD 5 months). Fifty percent of patients reported symptom improvement. Conclusions Treatment of hypogonadal symptoms with hCG for men who have a baseline testosterone level > 300 ng/dL appears to be safe and efficacious with no adverse events.
Modeling the Effect of Nut Thread Profile Angle on the Vibration-Induced Loosening of Bolted Joint Systems

The effect of the nut thread profile angle is incorporated into a nonlinear friction model for investigating vibration-induced loosening preloaded bolt–nut system that is subjected to a harmonic transverse excitation. The proposed model also takes into account the effect of frictional characteristics of engaged threads and underhead contact surfaces, thread fit class, and hole clearance, as well as on the loosening performance. Correlation is established between the relative translational movement of the bolt–nut system and the relative bending rotation of the bolt–nut system. Critical bending angle is determined by the thread fit clearance. Model results show that as compared to standard nuts with a 60° thread profile angle, M10 × 1.5 nuts with a larger thread profile angle of 120° that are engaged with standard thread M10 × 1.5 bolts (i.e., with 60° thread profile angle) showed significantly higher resistance to loosening under a harmonic transverse load. Results show also that reducing thread fit clearance (i.e., thread fit class) and/or reducing the hole clearance would increase the resistance to vibration-induced loosening.
Discrete self organizing algorithm for pollution vehicle routing problem

This paper introduces a novel discrete variant of the Self Organizing Migrating Algorithm (DSOMA). Developed on the principle of sequence insertions and the NEH paradigm, the DSOMA algorithm provides a unique application for combinatorial optimization problem. The new algorithm is tested on the Pollution Routing Problem (PRP) dataset and two different minimization objectives of emission and distance are conducted. The results are compared and they show that emission objective is highly significant in reducing emission while not significantly adding to the distance overhead.
Viral Sequences Recovered From Puma Tooth DNA Reconstruct Statewide Viral Phylogenies

Monitoring pathogens in wildlife populations is imperative for effective management, and for identifying locations for pathogen spillover among wildlife, domestic species and humans. Wildlife pathogen surveillance is challenging, however, as sampling often requires the capture of a significant proportion of the population to understand host pathogen dynamics. To address this challenge, we assessed the ability to use hunter-collected teeth from puma across Colorado to recover genetic data of two feline retroviruses, Feline Foamy Virus (FFV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIVpco) and show they can be utilized for this purpose. Comparative phylogenetic analyses of FIVpco and FFV from tooth and blood samples to previous analyses conducted with blood samples collected over a nine-year period from two distinct areas was undertaken highlighting the value of tooth derived samples. We found less FIVpco phylogeographic structuring than observed from sampling only two regions and that FFV data confirmed previous findings of endemic infection, minimal geographic structuring, and supported frequent cross-species transmission from domestic cats to pumas. Viral analysis conducted using intentionally collected blood samples required extensive financial, capture and sampling efforts. This analysis illustrates that viral genomic data can be cost effectively obtained using tooth samples incidentally-collected from hunter harvested pumas, taking advantage of samples collected for morphological age identification. This technique should be considered as an opportunistic method to provide broad geographic sampling to define viral dynamics more accurately in wildlife.
Functions of Several Variables

We view functions of several variables as functions of points in space. This appeals to our geometric intuition, and also relates such functions more easily with the theory of vectors. The gradient will appear as a natural generalization of the derivative. In this chapter we are mainly concerned with basic definitions and notions. We postpone the important theorems to the next chapter.
On the Differential Correction of Nearly Parabolic Orbits

The differential correction of nearly parabolic orbits was discussed by the author (Herget, 1939) in the era of lead pencil computing. The Gauss-Marth method is the best one to use whenever the appropriate conditions exist, i.e., |E| <64° and e nearly unity. The crucial point in the above-cited discussion is the use of the first differences from the Gauss-Marth tables in order to simplify the computation of the partial differential coefficients, namely dB/dA, dC/dA, and dD/dA.
Advanced Engineering Dynamics

This text offers a clear and refreshing exposition of the dynamics of mechanical systems from an engineering perspective. Basic concepts are thoroughly covered, then applied in a systematic manner to solve problems in mechanical systems that have recognisable applications to engineering practice. All theoretical discussions are accompanied by numerous illustrative examples, and each chapter offers a wealth of homework problems. The treatment of the kinematics of particles and rigid bodies is extensive. In this new edition, the author has revised and reorganized sections to enhance understanding of physical principles, and he has modified and added examples, as well as homework problems. The new edition also contains a thorough development of computational methods for solving the differential equations of motion for constrained systems.
Minnesota Nurses' Perceptions of Nursing Diagnoses

PURPOSE. The study aims to identify Minnesota nurses' perceptions regarding nursing diagnoses and to examine how these perceptions have changed over time. METHODS. Five hundred sixty-four out of 2,000 randomly selected registered nurses in Minnesota responded to the Perceptions of Nursing Diagnosis Survey. FINDINGS. Nurses have neutral to slightly negative perceptions of nursing diagnoses. These results differ slightly from the results of the original study which demonstrated neutral to slightly positive perceptions. IMPLICATIONS. After 30 years of use, it is concerning that more than half of nurses surveyed have a negative perception of nursing diagnosis. Consideration should be given to methods that facilitate the use of nursing diagnoses in practice, improvement of diagnostic language, or a more accepted method of planning patient care.
Is neuronal death required for seizure-induced epileptogenesis in the immature brain?

Do seizures cause neuronal death? At least in the immature hippocampus, this may not be the critical question for determining the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Neuronal injury and death have clearly been shown to occur in most epilepsy models in the mature brain, and are widely considered a prerequisite to seizure-induced epilepsy. In contrast, little neuronal death occurs after even a severe and prolonged seizure prior to the third postnatal week. However, seizures early in life, for example prolonged experimental febrile seizures, can profoundly and permanently change the hippocampal circuit in a pro-epileptogenic direction. These seizure-induced alterations of limbic excitability may require transient structural injury, but are mainly due to functional changes in expression of gene coding for specific receptors and channels, leading to altered functional properties of hippocampal neurons. Thus, in some pro-epileptogenic models in the developing brain, neither the death of neurons nor death-induced abnormalities of surviving neurons may underlie the formation of an epileptic circuit. Rather, findings in the experimental prolonged febrile seizure model suggest that persistent functional alterations of gene expression (‘neuroplasticity’) in diverse hippocampal neuronal populations may promote pro-epileptogenic processes induced by these seizures. These findings also suggest that during development, relatively short, intense bursts of neuronal activity may disrupt ‘normal’ programmed maturational processes to result in permanent, selective alterations of gene expression, with profound functional consequences. Therefore, determining the cascade of changes in the programmed expression of pertinent genes, including their temporal and cell-specific spatial profiles, may provide important information for understanding the process of transformation of an evolving, maturing hippocampal network into one which is hyperexcitable.
Bacterial Pathogenesis, Molecular Basis of

The incidence of infectious disease due to bacteria continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advances in public health measures, modern medicine, and the availability of myriad antimicrobial drugs. Those organisms that are able to cause disease are referred to as pathogens. These organisms have evolved many mechanisms to subvert the immune defenses of the human host and usurp usual host cell processes to allow their own proliferation and persistence during infections. In addition to uncovering the inner working of both bacterial and host cells, the elucidation of these processes provides the potential for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Keywords: Virulence; Pathogen; Adhesin; Colonization; Quorum sensing; Antimicrobial Resistance; Pathogenic Cycle
A recent review of non-biological remediation of aflatoxin-contaminated crops.

Aflatoxins are highly toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds produced predominantly as secondary metabolites by certain species of fungi belonging to the Aspergillus genus. Owing to the significant health risks and economic impacts associated with the presence of aflatoxins in agricultural commodities, a considerable amount of research has been directed at finding methods to prevent toxicity. This review compiles the recent literature of methods for the detoxification and management of aflatoxin in post-harvest agricultural crops using non-biological remediation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis and solution to the single-level batch production smoothing problem

Many companies use mixed-model production systems running under the Just-in-Time philosophy in order to efficiently meet customer demands for a variety of products. Such systems require demand be stable and production sequence be leveled. The production smoothing problem aims at finding level schedules in which the appearances of products are dispersed over the horizon as uniformly as possible. In this paper, the production smoothing problem is extended to a more general manufacturing environment where a single machine can be identified as either the final or the bottleneck stage of the system and products may have arbitrary non-zero setup and processing time requirements on this single machine. An optimization model is built for the problem and a two phase solution methodology is developed. The first phase problem is shown to be NP-hard and a parametric heuristic procedure is proposed for its solution. In contrast, the second phase problem is shown to be efficiently solvable and currently available solut...
Different pathways of differentiation of pre-B cell lines are induced by dendritic cells and T cells from different lymphoid tissues

Nontransformed pre-B cells were induced to differentiate in vitro along several different but predictable pathways with only dendritic cells (DC) and concanavalin A-stimulated T lymphocytes. DC-T from spleen induced secretion of only IgM, whereas DC-T from Peyer's patches induced high levels of IgA and intermediate levels of IgM and IgG. Both the isotype of antibody secreted and the extent of pre-B cell differentiation were determined by the lymphoid tissue source of DC, not of T cells. The pre-B cells synthesizing detectable levels of only the IgM heavy chain had cytoplasmic RNA transcripts from both light chain constant region genes and from the entire length of the heavy chain constant locus. In cells secreting IgM there were deletions in the DNA flanking the Cmu coding region.
Relationship between the product of the Drosophila ultraspiracle locus and the vertebrate retinoid X receptor

THE vitamin A derivative, retinoic acid, can regulate morpho-genesis and differentiation in vertebrates1,2. Two different sub-families of the steroid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors and the retinoid X receptor, mediate the effects of retinoic acid3–6. As part of an analysis of the hormonal control of development, we have examined the Drosophila genome for retinoic acid receptor homologues7. Here we describe one such gene, XR2C, which encodes a product with structural similarity to the human retinoic acid-responsive tran-scription factor, retinoid X receptor. This receptor-like protein is encoded by ultraspiracle (usp), a locus required both maternally and zygotically for pattern formation. The discovery that the usp product is a retinoid X receptor homologue suggests that similar chemical cues underlie morphogenic signalling in vertebrate and invertebrate systems.
Recent alcohol intake and suicidality--a neuropsychological perspective.

Background Alcohol use disorders and suicidal behaviours are among the most prevalent and damaging of all psychiatric phenomena in Ireland and worldwide. Furthermore, alcohol use both chronic and acute has long been identified as a potent risk factor for suicidal behaviour.
Hydrogen embrittlement of stainless steels by lithium hydride

Tests were made on 304L and 17-7 PH stainless steels in contact with LiH powder. Reduction in area relative to ductility in air decreased for both alloys. It was essential that the LiH be baked in contact with the alloys for the ductility loss to be observed; thermodynamic and kinetic evidence indicated that the LiH was reacting with surface oxides to furnish [H] to the steel. The depth to which hydrogen affected fracture surface morphology in 304L was greater than could be accounted for by diffusion, and it was concluded that dislocation transport accounted for the difference. Although direct evidence was not available, the locale of hydrogen damage in 304L was suggested to be the interface between the matrix and nonmetallic inclusions. A rationale based on this possibility was shown to be selfconsistent. The generality of the importance of [H] furnished by LiH reaction was illustrated by the results on 17-7 PH.
Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy. Case report.

Summary A patient was found to have a phaeochromocytoma in the 36th week of pregnancy. She was successfully managed by medical treatment, vaginal delivery and resection of the adrenal tumour seven weeks after delivery.
Laparoscopic Restorative Proctocolectomy for Ulcerative Colitis

Laparoscopic surgery of the colon has become an established method for the resection of both benign and malignant disease. Complex laparoscopic colon resections were once stigmatized due to their longer operating times and inherent technical difficulty. However, technological innovations and increased surgical experience with laparoscopy have advanced the field of complex laparoscopic surgery, including ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure, with safe feasible results. When these operations are broken down in a stepwise fashion, the complexity of the laparoscopic IPAA procedure becomes simplified, allowing one to effectively reproduce this operation. The systematic laparoscopic steps outlined establish a simple, reproducible approach to a laparoscopic IPAA procedure for ulcerative colitis patients. This approach to laparoscopic IPAA provides one with a viable approach to this complex operation.
Recent changes in birth attendant, place of birth, and the use of obstetric interventions, United States, 1989-1997.

Abstract Although more than nine out of every ten births are attended by physicians, the percent of births attended by midwives increased during the 1989 to 1997 period and accounted for 7% of all births in 1997. About 99% of births in 1997 were in hospitals, basically unchanged from 1989, but the percent of out-of-hospital births that occurred in residences increased over the period, while those in freestanding birthing centers declined. The percent of mothers receiving electronic fetal monitoring, ultrasound, and induction and stimulation of labor increased. The most dramatic increase was a doubling of the use of induction. In 1997, approximately 18% of all births were induced. Midwives as well as physicians increased the use of these obstetric procedures over the 1989 to 1997 period, and the use of many procedures by CNMs was as high, or nearly as high, as use by physicians. The rate of cesarean births dropped by 9%, from about 23% in 1989 to about 21% in 1997, while the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean increased by 50%. The proportion of births assisted by forceps consistently declined during the period, while the use of vacuum extraction consistently increased. The number of episiotomies performed in the United States declined each year during the 1990–1996 period.
Epitaxial nucleation of diamond on β-SiC via bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Diamond has been successfully nucleated on mirror finish single-crystal β-SiC films via bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Initial scanning electron microscopy indicated that approximately 50% of the diamond grains were oriented relative to the SiC substrate. Further, high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction confirmed that the diamond was in epitaxial alignment with the silicon carbide, with the D(100)//SiC(100) and D〈110〉//SiC〈110〉. The high resolution TEM also revealed an approximate 5° tilt about 〈110〉 towards 〈110〉. This tilting is believed to be the result of the high density of misfit dislocations at the interface. Speculations on the role of biasing in the promotion of epitaxial diamond nucleation on a foreign substrate are also discussed.
Aspirin Resistance: Disparities and Clinical Implications

Abstract Aspirin is one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the prevention of thrombosis in patients with vascular disease. Yet, aspirin is unable to prevent thrombosis in all patients. The term "aspirin resistance" has been used to broadly define the failure of aspirin to prevent a thrombotic event. Whether this is directly related to aspirin itself through biochemical aspirin resistance or treatment failure, or if it is because of aspirin's inability to overcome the thrombogenic aspects of the disease process itself, has not been elucidated. This can have dramatic clinical implications for a variety of vascular disease subsets and is cause for concern, considering the high prevalence of aspirin use for both primary and secondary prevention. Disparities exist in the rates of aspirin resistance among certain patient populations, such as women, patients with diabetes mellitus, and those with heart failure, and across clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Clinical trial data from studies observing resistance have revealed that regardless of study size, dose of aspirin, control for drug interactions and adherence, or assay used to measure platelet function, aspirin resistance is associated with an increased risk for adverse events. Although the evidence is mounting, there has yet to be a consensus on the appropriate clinical response to aspirin resistance.
The Mössbauer research community: A report

The Mossbauer research community has gone through various stages of development in its 30+ year history. Signs of maturity of the Mossbauer effect is shown in the number of experimental applications, the number of Mossbauer transitions that are available and the large number of scientists that have been and are involved with Mossbauer research. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of publications using Mossbauer Spectroscopy to investigate both amorphous and high temperature superconductor materials. This overall growth in the Mossbauer scientific literature has been 6–7% per year since 1984, while during the preceding period there was no increase in the number of publications per year. The Mossbauer Effect Data Center continues to make use of the various developing technologies in the area of computers and communications. The Center recently completed a ten-year project of bringing together all its databases into one computer system. Also, the Center has recently completed the development of a new approach to the dissemination of information by making available subsets of the Mossbauer database on PC computer disks. The future of the Data Center will focus significant attention on networking strategies with the Mossbauer research community.
TLK-286: a novel glutathione S-transferase-activated prodrug.

Telik, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA, USA) is currently developing TLK-286, a novel prodrug that is preferentially activated by glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GST-π). TLK-286 is the lead clinical candidate from a group of rationally designed glutathione analogues designed to exploit high GST-π levels in solid tumours and drug-resistant cell populations. This concept was based on extensive literature showing that the overexpression of GST-π in human tumours is associated with malignancy, poor prognosis and the development of drug resistance. Thus, the selective targeting of susceptible tumour phenotypes is a strategy that should result in the release of more active drug in malignant cells compared with normal tissue, thereby achieving an improved therapeutic index. A number of published preclinical studies have confirmed the mechanism of action of this drug. In a series of Phase II clinical trials, TLK-286 was initially shown to have clinical activity and a favorable toxicity profile as a single agent in the salvag...
Small area deposition of Ge on Ge or GaAs substrates via the disproportionation of GeI2

The low temperature GeI2 disproportionation reaction was used to grow epitaxial germanium at 350°C selectively in small areas on germanium and GaAs substrates. Germanium deposition rates on masked surfaces were as much as 80 times greater than those observed on unmasked surfaces under the same growth conditions. Enhanced growth rates were more pronounced on (110) surfaces compared to (111) surfaces. Extremely fine line epitaxial structures (0.5 ώm) were obtained which were exceptionally free of spurious overgrowths on the oxide masks.
Rapid estimation of DOPA in physiological fluids using the amino acid analyzer

Abstract A modified program for the automatic amino acid analyzer is described which utilizes the basic amino acid column for rapid quantitative estimation of DOPA. The procedure was tested and found to be sufficient for the estimation of DOPA in plasma and urine from Parkinson's disease patients who were receiving l -DOPA therapy. Approximately 20 minutes is required for each analysis. The method should be suitable for clinical application.
Thermal expansion of the group IIb liquid metals zinc, cadmium and mercury

Abstract The volumetric thermal expansions of the group IIb liquid metals zinc, cadmium and mercury were measured using the γ densitometry technique. The data for zinc and cadmium were obtained approximately 200 K above the melting point. Measurements for mercury were made up to 140 K above ambient temperature. The study was conducted to investigate the reported low volumetric thermal expansion of the group IIb liquid metals relative to a large number of other liquid phase elements. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficients in the melt were determined to be 1.41 × 10−4 K−1 (± 1.5%) for zinc, 1.43 × 10−4 K−1 (±0.6%) for cadmium and 1.79 × 10−4 K−1 (± 0.3%) for mercury. These results are in agreement with recent measurements performed using other techniques.
First-forbidden beta decay in the lead region and mesonic enhancement of the weak axial current.

A shell-model study is made of first-forbidden \ensuremath{\beta} decay and related processes in A=205--212 nuclei. The interactions used are modifications of the Kuo-Herling realistic effective interactions for particles above and holes below $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and a cross-shell G-matrix interaction connecting these two. Large-scale diagonalizations are made of 1p-1h excitations across the double-shell closure at $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. The calculations of the first-forbidden rates use effective single-particle matrix elements which incorporate core polarization of the final state to first order. All first-order initial state 1p-1h admixtures are included explicitly in the diagonalization. A least-squares fit of theory to experiment for eighteen \ensuremath{\Delta}J=0 and 1 decay rates was made with two unknowns: (1) an enhancement factor ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathrm{mec}}$ for the rank zero matrix element of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$, and (2) an overall scaling factor for the rank one component of the decay rate. A good fit is achieved yielding ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathrm{mec}}$=2.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 and a rank-one scaling factor of 0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06. The agreement of the latter with unity indicates a satisfactory understanding of the rank-one component of the decay. The result ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathrm{mec}}$=2.01\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 indicates an enhancement of the matrix element of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ by 100% over the impulse approximation. A 40% effect is predicted from meson exchange. Thus, a deficiency in the meson-exchange calculation or some further as-yet-unforeseen contribution is suggested. Predictions for twenty other decays in A=205--211 nuclei are compared to experiment and found to be in good general agreement. A calculation of the capture of neutrinos by $^{205}\mathrm{Tl}$ is described in detail.
The Modifying Effect of Calorie: Protein Ratio on Laying Hen Performance and on the “Extra Metabolic Effect” of Added Fat

Abstract Feed grade animal fat (3 or 6%) was included in two series of laying hen rations that were based on corn, oats, barley, corn with oats or corn with barley. In the first series, the calorie:protein ratio was adjusted to a constant value while in the second series, fat was substituted for an equal amount of the grain portion with no adjustment in the calorie:protein ratios of the rations. Generally, fat was found to decrease feed consumption and improve feed efficiency. Rations with a constant calorie:protein ratio were slightly better utilized than those with wider ratios. All fat supplemented rations supported an excellent level of egg production, and there was no adverse effects of fat on laying hen performance. The “extra metabolic effect” of added fat was prominent in all rations based on corn while this effect was variable in rations based on oats or barley. Fat exerted an “extra metabolic effect” when included at a 3% level in oat- or barley-based rations that had a constant calorie:protein ratio. This effect of fat was not observed in oat- or barley-based rations with unadjusted calorie:protein ratios or with 6% added fat. Thus it appeared that the “extra metabolic effect” of added fat was dependent on the grain portion of the ration, the level of added fat and the calorie:protein ratio.
Elevated and Absent pRb Expression is Associated With Bladder Cancer Progression and has Cooperative Effects With p53

Rb protein (pRb) expression was evaluated in 185 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from patients that underwent radical cystectomy. Tumors were stratified into three categories based on the percentage of nuclei expressing pRb: (a) 0, 0% of tumor cells showing nuclear reactivity; (In \+, 1-50% of tumor cells showing nuclear reactivity; and (c)2+, >50% of tumor cells showing nuclear reactivity. Cases with undetectable (pRb 0) and high (pRb 2+) pRb reactivity had identical rates of recurrence. These cases had significantly higher recurrence (P = 0.0001) and lower survival rates i/' = 0.0002) compared to cases with moderate (pRb 1+ ) pRb reactivity, indicating that high levels of pRb expression may reflect a dysfunctional (altered) Rb pathway. The tumors were also examined for alterations in p53 expression; patients with tumors altered in both p53 and pRb had signifi cantly increased rates of recurrence (P < 0.0001) and survival (P < 0.0001) compared to patients with no alterations in either p53 or pRb; patients with alterations in only one of these proteins had intermediate rates of recurrence and survival. These results suggest that: (a) bladder cancers with high pRb expression do not show the tumor suppressor effects of the protein; and (In alteration in both p53 and pRb may act in cooperative or synergistic ways to promote tumor progression.
How does disclosing countertransference affect perceptions of the therapist and the session

Therapist self-disclosure has been theorized and found to have both positive and negative effects. These effects depend, in part, on the nature of the disclosure. This study sought to examine the differential effects of therapist disclosures of more and less resolved countertransference issues on perceptions of therapists and therapy sessions. Using an analogue method, undergraduate participants (N = 116) were randomly assigned to watch one of two videos in which a therapist disclosed personal issues that were relatively resolved or relatively unresolved. As hypothesized, therapist disclosure of issues that were more resolved caused the therapist to be rated as more attractive and trustworthy and instilled greater hope than therapist disclosure of less resolved issues. The type of therapist disclosure, however, did not affect ratings of the expertness of the therapist, the depth or smoothness of the session, or the perceived universality between client and therapist. Implications of the results for the judicious use of self-disclosure are discussed.
The Immigration History Research Center

Serials Review visits the Immigration History Research Center (IHRC) in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Center's mission is to teach the importance of immigration studies and promote the use of the IHRC collections, which concentrate on immigration to America from 1880 through the beginning of the twentieth century from eastern, central, and southern Europe and the Near East. The Center also supports Collections Online: A Digital Library of American Immigration & Ethnic History (COLLAGE), a database of images and narratives from the archives. Serials Review 2003; 29:151–153.
Hadronic correlation functions in the interacting instanton liquid.

In this paper we study hadronic correlation functions in the interacting instanton liquid model, both at zero and nonzero temperature $T$. At zero $T$ we investigate the dependence of the correlators on the instanton ensemble, in particular, the effect of the fermionic determinant. We demonstrate that quark-induced correlations between instantons are important, especially in the repulsive ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}$-meson channels. We also calculate a large number of mesonic and baryonic correlation functions as a function of temperature. We find three different types of behavior as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}$. The vector channels $\ensuremath{\rho}$, ${a}_{1}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ show a gradual melting of the resonance contribution and approach free quark behavior near the chiral phase transition. The light pseudoscalars and scalars $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ as well as the nucleon show stable resonance contributions, probably even surviving above ${T}_{c}$. Correlation functions in the heavy scalar channels ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\delta}$ are enhanced as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{c}$.
Extremals of functions on graphs with applications to graphs and hypergraphs

Abstract The method used in an article by T. S. Matzkin and E. G. Straus [Canad. J. Math. 17 (1965), 533–540] is generalized by attaching nonnegative weights to t-tuples of vertices in a hypergraph subject to a suitable normalization condition. The edges of the hypergraph are given weights which are functions of the weights of its t-tuples and the graph is given the sum of the weights of its edges. The extremal values and the extremal points of these functions are determined. The results can be applied to various extremal problems on graphs and hypergraphs which are analogous to P. Turan's Theorem [Colloq. Math. 3 (1954), 19–30: (Hungarian) Mat. Fiz. Lapok 48 (1941), 436–452].
2009 H1N1 influenza prevention and treatment: counseling infertility patients

It is known that pregnant women are at high risk for complications from the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Reproductive endocrinologists often have the opportunity to evaluate patients before conception and are able to counsel them before they become part of this high-risk obstetrics group. The 2009 H1N1 vaccine data and the current recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and American Society of Reproductive Medicine are discussed. There is universal agreement in recommending vaccination for all pregnant women and all women attempting conception. Patients should be counseled regarding the vaccine and consider delaying conception until the immunization has been received.
The association between major birth defects and preterm birth.

Objective To evaluate the association between preterm birth and major birth defects by maternal and infant characteristics and specific types of birth defects. Study Design We pooled data for 1995–2000 from 13 states with population-based birth defects surveillance systems, representing about 30% of all U.S. births. Analyses were limited to singleton, live births from 24–44 weeks gestational age. Results Overall, birth defects were more than twice as common among preterm births (24–36 weeks) compared with term births (37–41 weeks gestation) (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62–2.68), and approximately 8% of preterm births had a birth defect. Birth defects were over five times more likely among very preterm births (24–31 weeks gestation) compared with term births (PR = 5.25, 95% CI 5.15–5.35), with about 16% of very preterm births having a birth defect. Defects most strongly associated with very preterm birth included central nervous system defects (PR = 16.23, 95% CI 15.49–17.00) and cardiovascular defects (PR = 9.29, 95% CI 9.03–9.56). Conclusions Birth defects contribute to the occurrence of preterm birth. Research to identify shared causal pathways and risk factors could suggest appropriate interventions to reduce both preterm birth and birth defects.
Rat atrial natriuretic factor. Purification and vasorelaxant activity

The atrial natriuretic activity of rat heart has been found to exist in multiple forms. One of these factors has been purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of gel filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography in two different systems and its amino acid composition determined. The purified active peptide is shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 3800. In addition, the vasorelaxant activity of rat atrium has been purified and found to cochromatograph with the natriuretic activity in all chromatographic systems employed. Thus, the vasorelaxant activity resides in the natriuretic factor. The existence of this new multifunctional peptide implies a higher level of complexity for cardiovascular control of blood volume and pressure.
BURST-ENHANCED SYNCHRONIZATION IN AN ARRAY OF NOISY COUPLED NEURONS

Stochastic phase synchronization is studied in an array of coupled neurons that are capable of exhibiting diverse bursting behaviors as a system parameter is tuned. It is found that synchronization occurs for lower coupling constants when the neurons are initially in a bursting state. Neurons not initially in a bursting state begin to exhibit bursting behavior concurrently with the onset of synchronization. The system passes through various synchronization regimes as the coupling constant is increased, with the number of spikes per burst increasing in each window of synchronization. In addition, spatial organization, measured by the distribution of local phase differences, is observed during the synchronization windows.
Arousal of cancer-associated stroma: overexpression of palladin activates fibroblasts to promote tumor invasion.

Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts, comprised of activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, are found in the stroma surrounding solid tumors. These myofibroblasts promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Mechanisms regulating the activation of the fibroblasts and the initiation of invasive tumorigenesis are of great interest. Upregulation of the cytoskeletal protein, palladin, has been detected in the stromal myofibroblasts surrounding many solid cancers and in expression screens for genes involved in invasion. Using a pancreatic cancer model, we investigated the functional consequence of overexpression of exogenous palladin in normal fibroblasts in vitro and its effect on the early stages of tumor invasion.
Canonical quantization of some dissipative systems and nonuniqueness of Lagrangians

Some one-dimensional dissipative systems can be found to admit canonical-quantization procedure, contrary to opinions expressed occassionally in the literature. Also, a natural way of quantizing an equation $\stackrel{\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}}{q}+\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{V}(q)=0$ for a function $V(q)$ is found to use a nonstandard commutation relation $[q,\ensuremath{\pi}]=i\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\pi}$ together with Hamiltonian $H=\ensuremath{\pi}+V(q)$. Here, $\ensuremath{\pi}=\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{q}$ stands for the velocity operator rather than the momentum operator. Finally, a quantization problem of a Newtonian geodesic equation of motion in nonflat space is discussed.
Component Hardness Differences and Their Effect on Bearing Fatigue

Component hardness differences of SAE 52100 steel effect on bearing fatigue, using five-ball fatigue tester and rolling element bearings
“Wanted: Some Black Long Distance [Writers]”: Blackboard Flava-Flavin and other AfroDigital experiences in the classroom

Abstract This essay examines how students of African descent at a predominantly black college on the East Coast digitally perform their ethnic identities and rhetorics in a freshman composition course. The essay begins by showing how multiple uses of signifying frame students’ Blackboard discussions where they use a type of trickster motif to enact their agreements, disagreements, challenges, and questions, very much akin to Flava Flav's initial cultural role as part of the Rap/activist group, Public Enemy. Students’ online writing groups are then examined by focusing on one particular group, the “Black Long Distance Writers,” whose title signifies and signals the work of the African American writer and activist, John Oliver Killens, most notably, his seminal 1973 essay, “Wanted: Some Black Long Distance Runners.” The understandings of these “Black Long Distance Writers” bear the most powerful definition of literacy and computer-based writing instruction because their framework is not contingent upon making digitally divided minorities more technologically advanced and better at one type of English, its culture of power, or its academic discourses. Instead, these students experience rhetoric and writing as a way to alter the ways that knowledge is constructed for them and about them, “revocabularizing” the academy and its technologies. Such freshman writers are re-envisioned in this kind of cyberspace as constructors of and co-participants in black intellectual and rhetorical traditions … now AfroDigitized.
Normative power of chief executive nurses.

This study sought to determine if there was a significant difference in the equality of power of chief executive nurses and other executives with similar titles in a hospital organization. A 36-item Power Assessment Inventory was aced to collect the data from 96 chief nurse executives and 147 other executives in the same institutions. The findings showed the nurse executive to be more powerful in overall normative power, prestige and esteem, as well as legitimacy of position. The chief executive nurse was found to be equal with the other executives regarding symbols of power. These results indicate that nurse executives are having a significant impact on the business of health care and health care administration and imply that nurses should cease referring to themselves and their profession as being powerless.
Charles de Gaulle and Europe: The New Revisionism

Four distinguished analysts of French foreign policy under Charles de Gaulle provide in-depth assessments of the new book edited by Christian Nuenlist, Anna Locher, and Garret Martin, Globalizing de Gaulle: International Perspectives on French Foreign Policies, 1958–1969, published by Lexington Books. The commentators praise the book's wide scope and many of its essays and broad themes, but they raise questions about Garret Martin's contention (shared by a few, though not all, of the other contributors to the volume) that de Gaulle had a coherent if ultimately unsuccessful strategy to overcome the Cold War and move toward the unification of Germany and Europe. In article-length commentaries, both Andrew Moravcsik and Marc Trachtenberg take issue with Martin's view, arguing that de Gaulle's foreign policy involved more bluff and bluster than any genuine attempt to bring about the reunification of Germany or to end the Cold War. Moravcsik also provides a spirited defense of the “revisionist” conception of d...
Migration within the periphery: Haitian labor in the Dominican sugar and coffee industries.

This article presents data on the employment of Haitian labor in the sugar and coffee sectors in the Dominican economy. The Haitian cyclical pattern of migration is related to the enclave pattern of development as it has occurred in the Dominican Republic. The common features of both coffee and sugarcane production which stimulate the reliance on cheap foreign labor are discussed. (EXCERPT)
Superplasticity and machinability in a four-phase ceramic

Highlights: ► New fine grained ceramic composites of ZrO{sub 2}–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Mg{sub 2}AlO{sub 4}–LaPO{sub 4} were synthesized. ► At high temperatures, deformation strain rates are comparable to superplastic TZP. ► These are machinable at room temperature using conventional tungsten drill bits. ► Magnetoplumbite can form under certain process conditions. -- Abstract: Fine grained four-phase ceramic materials were fabricated to have a combination of high temperature superplasticity and room temperature machinability. The composite ceramics were made of 25 vol.% 3Y-TZP/8YSZ–25 vol.% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}–25 vol.% MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}–25 vol.% LaPO{sub 4}, using LaPO{sub 4} powders fabricated in-house. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the grain size for the best mixed samples was in the range of 600 nm, tetragonal ZrO{sub 2} transformed into monoclinic, and reactions in the sintered samples produced a new phase, magnetoplumbite (LaMgAl{sub 11}O{sub 19}) with lath-like grains. The formation of magnetoplumbite was facilitated by the presence of yttria and by a liquid phase generated at elevated temperatures. These four-phase ceramics had a maximum hardness of 12 GPa and fracture toughness was no more than 3 MPa√m. Deformation rates at 1400 °C under 40 MPa stress were in the superplastic range of 10{sup −3} s{sup −1}more » for most compositions. These four-phase ceramics were machinable as demonstrated using conventional tungsten drill bits.« less
The Prediction of Performance in a Counselor Education Master's Degree Program.

An examination was made of the predictive validity of the Graduate Record Examinations Aptitude Test, Verbal, Quantitative, and Total scores (GRE-V, GRE-Q, and GRE-T) and undergraduate grade-point average (UGPA). Criterion variables consisted of graduate grade-point average (GGPA), performance on the Master's Comprehensive Examination (MCE), and grades in required area and core courses. Subjects were 107 students enrolled in the Department of Counselor Education Master's degree program at a large Southwestern university. Scores on the GRE-V were correlated .24 (p < .01) with both MCE scores and GGPA, but were not correlated significantly with any other criterion variable. GRE-Q test scores were correlated .31 (p < .001) with performance in Educational Foundations (FED) courses which involved at least one course in research and statistics. The GRE-T measure was a valid predictor of grades in FED courses and of GGPA. Although each predictor variable was correlated with at least one of the criterion variable...
Pyrimidine starvation induced by adenosine in fibroblasts and lymphoid cells: role of adenosine deaminase.

In the presence of 10 -4 to 10 -5 molar adenosine, established cell lines of fibroblastic or lymphoid origin die of pyrimidine starvation. Less than lethal concentrations inhibit cell growth. Over a broad concentration range, the effects of adenosine are prevented by providing a suitable pyrimidine source. We suggest that the recently described immune deficiency disease associated with absence of adenosine deaminase may be the result of pyrimidine starvation induced by adenosine nucleotides in cells of the lymphoid system.