cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
V2G Scheduling - A Modern Approach to Unit Commitment with Vehicle-to-Grid using Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract This paper presents a new approach to Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scheduling. V2G technology has drawn great interest in the recent years. It can efficiently manage load fluctuation, peak load; however, it increases spinning reserves and reliability. V2G can reduce dependencies on small expensive units in the existing power systems as energy storage that can decrease running costs. Success of the V2G research depends on efficient scheduling of gridable vehicles in limited parking lots. As number of gridable vehicles in V2G is much higher than small units of existing systems, unit commitment (UC) with V2G is more complex than basic UC for thermal units. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve the UC with V2G, as PSO can reliably and accurately solve complex constrained optimization problems easily and quickly without any dimension limitation and physical computer memory limit. In the proposed model, 2 versions of PSO are used in the same model to optimize the on/off states of power generating units and gridable vehicles in the parking lots to reduce the dimension of the problem. Finally, simulation results show a considerable amount of profit for using V2G after proper UC with V2G scheduling of gridable vehicles in constrained parking lots.
Improved algorithm for Widrow adaptive control scheme

A modified adaptive control algorithm is presented which improves the performance and efficiency of the well known scheme proposed by Widrow. Based on the instrumental variables estimation theory, the convergence of the new algorithm is proven. The results of a computer simulation result are also given to show the successful performance of the algorithm.
EFFECT OF RESPONSE EFFORT WITH REWARD FOR LEVERPRESS OR RELEASE

The expectation that greater response effort by rats on an operant task would lead to a higher percentage of rapid repetitions was not supported for lever release although lever depression was sensitive to effort.
Targeting integrins and PI3K/Akt-mediated signal transduction pathways enhances radiation-induced anti-angiogenesis.

Abstract Ning, S., Chen, Z., Dirks, A., Husbeck, B., Hsu, M., Bedogni, B., O'Neill, M., Powell, M. B. and Knox, S. J. Targeting Integrins and PI3K/Akt-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathways Enhances Radiation-Induced Anti-angiogenesis. Radiat. Res. 168, 125–133 (2007). The integrins and PI3K/Akt are important mediators of the signal transduction pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis and cell survival after exposure to ionizing radiation. Selective targeting of either integrins or PI3K/Akt can radiosensitize tumors. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the combined inhibition of integrin ανβ3 by cRGD and PI3K/Akt by LY294002 would significantly enhance radiation-induced inhibition of angiogenesis by vascular endothelial cells. Treatment with cRGD inhibited the adhesion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The inhibitory effect was further increased when cRGD and LY294002 were applied simultaneously. Both radiation and cRGD induced Akt phosphorylation, up-regulated...
Fast FPGA-based fault injection tool for embedded processors

FPGA-based fault injection methods have recently become more popular since they provide high speed in fault injection experiments. During each fault injection experiment, FPGA should send data related with observation points back to host computer for fault tolerant analysis. Since there is high data volume, FPGA should spend most of its time in communication. In this paper, we solve this problem by bringing all parts of fault injection tool inside FPGA. The area overhead problem related with observation data is obviated by using simple observation circuit. As case study, we injected 6400 SEU faults into OpensRISC 1200 processor over the Cyclone II FPGA. Results show that our fault injection experiments are done more than 400 times faster than one of the traditional FPGA based fault injection methods with only 5% area overhead.
Platelet Activation by Collagen Provides Sustained Release of Anabolic Cytokines

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been increasingly used in sports medicine applications. Platelets are thought to release growth factors important in wound healing, including transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, little is known about the effect of platelet activator choice on growth factor release kinetics.Hypothesis: The choice of platelet activator would affect the timing and level of growth factor release from PRP.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Platelet-rich plasma aliquots were activated with either thrombin or collagen. A control group of whole blood aliquots was clotted with thrombin. Supernatant containing the released growth factors was collected daily for 1 week. Levels of TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and VEGF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The use of thrombin as an activator resulted in immediate release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB, while the colla...
Enriching for correct prediction of biological processes using a combination of diverse classifiers

Machine learning models (classifiers) for classifying genes to biological processes each have their own unique characteristics in what genes can be classified and to what biological processes. No single learning model is qualitatively superior to any other model and overall precision for each model tends to be low. The classification results for each classifier can be complementary and synergistic suggesting the benefit of a combination of algorithms, but often the prediction probability outputs of various learning models are neither comparable nor compatible for combining. A means to compare outputs regardless of the model and data used and combine the results into an improved comprehensive model is needed. Gene expression patterns from NCI's panel of 60 cell lines were used to train a Random Forest, a Support Vector Machine and a Neural Network model, plus two over-sampled models for classifying genes to biological processes. Each model produced unique characteristics in the classification results. We introduce the Precision Index measure (PIN) from the maximum posterior probability that allows assessing, comparing and combining multiple classifiers. The class specific precision measure (PIC) is introduced and used to select a subset of predictions across all classes and all classifiers with high precision. We developed a single classifier that combines the PINs from these five models in prediction and found that the PIN Combined Classifier (PINCom) significantly increased the number of correctly predicted genes over any single classifier. The PINCom applied to test genes that were not used in training also showed substantial improvement over any single model. This paper introduces novel and effective ways of assessing predictions by their precision and recall plus a method that combines several machine learning models and capitalizes on synergy and complementation in class selection, resulting in higher precision and recall. Different machine learning models yielded incongruent results each of which were successfully combined into one superior model using the PIN measure we developed. Validation of the boosted predictions for gene functions showed the genes to be accurately predicted.
An Economic Case against Vouchers: Why Local Public Schools Are a Local Public Good

Statewide voucher plans are consistently rejected in plebiscites. This article explains voters' attachment to public education despite the schools' deficiencies: The public benefit of local schools accrues to parents, not children. Having children in local schools enables adults to get to know other adults better, which in turn reduces the transaction costs of citizen provision of true local public goods. This network of adult acquaintances within the municipality is "community-specific social capital." Vouchers would disperse students from their communities and thereby reduce the communal capital of adult residents. Voters' implicit understanding of this explains the unpopularity of statewide voucher plans.
Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring: Nurses’ Attitudes, Practices, and Quality of Patient Care

BACKGROUND Continuous ischemia monitoring helps identify patients with acute, but often silent, myocardial ischemia. Evidence suggests nurses do not activate ischemia monitoring because they think it is difficult to use. ST-Map software incorporates graphic displays to make monitoring of ongoing ischemia easier. OBJECTIVES To determine if nurses' use of and attitude toward ischemia monitoring and the quality of patient care improve with use of ST-Map. METHODS The study included 61 nurses and 202 patients with acute coronary syndrome in a cardiac intensive care unit. Baseline data on nurses' use of and attitude toward ischemia monitoring and quality of care were obtained. Education was then provided and ST-Map software was installed on all monitors. Follow-up data were obtained 4 months later. RESULTS The percentage of nurses who had ever used ischemia monitoring was 13% before ST Map and 90% afterward (P < .001). The most common reason for not using ischemia monitoring before ST Map was inadequate knowledge (62%). The most common reason for liking ischemia monitoring after ST Map was knowing when a patient has ischemia (80%). Time to acquisition of a 12-lead electrocardiogram in response to symptoms or ST-segment changes was 5 to 15 minutes before ST Map and always less than 5 minutes afterward (P < .001). Time to return to the catheterization laboratory did not differ before and after ST Map. CONCLUSIONS ST Map was associated with more frequent use of ischemia monitoring, improved attitudes of nurses toward ischemia monitoring, and shorter time to obtaining 12-lead electrocardiograms.
PZT transduced high-overtone width-extensional resonators above 1 GHz

This paper provides the theoretical modeling, simulation, and quantitative comparison that explore the design space of PZT-only (Lead Zirconate Titanate) and PZT-on 3, 5 and 10 µm single-crystal silicon high-overtone width-extensional mode (WEM) resonators with identical lateral dimensions for incorporation into radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) filters and oscillators. A novel fabrication technique was developed to fabricate the resonators with and without silicon layer using the same mask-set on the same wafer. The air-bridge metal routings were implemented to carry electrical signals while avoiding large capacitances from the bond-pads. We theoretically verified and experimentally measured the correlation of motional impedance (R X ), quality factor (Q), and resonance frequency (f) with the resonators' silicon layer thickness (t Si ) up to above 1 GHz frequency of operation. For identical lateral dimensions and PZT-layer thickness (t PZT ), the resonators with thicker silicon layer have higher f. The resonators with thicker silicon also have higher Q and lower R X up to 900 MHz frequency.
The Use of BigBrain in MS: An Ultrahigh-resolution 3D Template for Grey Matter MRI Segmentation (P6.135)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of an ultrahigh-resolution 3D template (BigBrain) for grey matter segmentation of brain MRI images of MS patients. BACKGROUND: Grey matter tissue loss plays a substantial role in progressive MS. Current MRI templates (atlases) commonly used for brain co-registration and segmentation offer 1-8 mm³ resolution, which is not sufficient for grey matter assessment when assessing millimetric cortical structures. BigBrain was recently introduced as a 3D template providing micrometric resolution. DESIGN/METHODS: 100 MS subjects [MS demographics: M/F=40/60; (CIS:13,RR:78,SP:6,PP:3); mean EDSS=2.0 (STD=1.3) and disease duration=9.2y (STD=8.3)] were scanned on a single 3T using isometric 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo images (pixel size=1mm³). All 3D T1-weighted lesion-inpainted images were upscaled and registered in MATLAB to the 0.027mm³ (27 micron³) resolution 3D MNI BigBrain template and downscaled to the 8mm³ (8 billion micron³) resolution 3D MNI SPM T1 template. Registered images were then segmented using SPM8 and values normalized to intracranial volumes (unitless). A one-slice ‘ground truth’ grey matter mask from one MS subject was manually segmented to estimate positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values using segmented images derived from both BigBrain and SPM T1 templates. RESULTS: First, compared to ‘ground truth’ segmentation, the BigBrain template performed better than the SPM T1 template with a PPV and NPV of grey matter classification of 0.58 and 0.42 vs. 0.55 and 0.45, respectively. Second, head-to-head paired T-test comparison of normalized grey matter volumes between BigBrain (0.57861±0.02104) and SPM T1 (0.58935±0.02096) templates showed a highly statistical difference (p<1e10-14), suggesting an overestimation of grey matter volume using the current SPM T1 template. CONCLUSIONS: BigBrain offers an ultrahigh-resolution brain template that provides a reference frame, which can be applied to in vivo MRI images of MS subjects. Our data indicate an improvement in grey matter segmentation precision when compared to current templates. Its future use should be highly relevant to the understanding of progressive MS with the potential to ameliorate cortical thickness measures. Study supported by:NINDS/R01-NS062885(PI:D.Pelletier) Disclosure: Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Azevedo has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corporation. Dr. Pelletier has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., Biogen Idec as a speaker and advisory board member, and activities with Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corp. and Synarc as a consultant. Dr. Pelletier has received research support from Biogen Idec.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in a biocompatible alginate matrix

An intensive multi-disciplinary research effort is underway at Wayne State University to synthesize and characterize magnetic nanoparticles in a biocompatible matrix for biomedical applications. The particular system being studied consists of 3–10 nm γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in an alginate matrix, which is being studied for applications in targeted drug delivery, as a magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, and for hyperthermic treatments of malignant tumors. In the present work we report on our efforts to determine if laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can offer a more accurate and substantially faster determination of iron content in such nanoparticle-containing materials than competing technologies such as inductively-coupled plasma (ICP). Standardized samples of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (5–25 nm diameter) and silver micropowder (2–3.5 μm diameter) were created with thirteen precisely known concentrations and pressed hydraulically to create solid “pellets” for LIBS analysis. The ratio of the intensity of an Fe(I) emission line at 371.994 nm to that of an Ag(I) line at 328.069 nm was used to create a calibration curve exhibiting an exponential dependence on Fe mass fraction. Using this curve, an “unknown” γ-Fe2O3/alginate/silver pellet was tested, leading to a measurement of the mass fraction of Fe in the nanoparticle/alginate matrix of 51±3 wt.%, which is in very good agreement with expectations and previous determinations of its iron concentration. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Experimental analysis of a DC bucking motor blocking geomagnetically induced currents

An experimental study investigates the performance of a DC bucking motor for the blocking of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) within a 3 kVA/416 V three-phase distribution feeder. This blocking method consists of connecting a separately excited DC motor between neutral and ground of a Y-grounded transformer consisting of a bank of three single-phase transformers. Losses and currents of the transformer and the blocking device are measured at no-load, rated-load, unbalanced-load and line-to-neutral short circuit conditions without and with GICs. Thereafter, the DC, AC and total /spl lambda/-i characteristics of one single-phase transformer of the above-mentioned transformer bank are simultaneously measured using an arbitrary waveform generator, a power amplifier and a digital data acquisition network. These /spl lambda/-i characteristics (where the DC bias current is a parameter) are then used to model a single-phase transformer under DC bias current conditions (e.g., assumed GICs) and to calculate voltages and currents of a single-phase transformer when subjected to GICs. The simulated signals are then compared with measured time functions. >
A design for the superconducting outsert of a 45-T hybrid magnet system using cable-in-conduit conductors

A part of the mission of the new NHMFL is to have available for users in 1995 a hybrid magnet system capable of producing at least 45-T steady field on axis in a 33-mm working bore. Approximately 31 T of the combined field will be produced by a water-cooled insert. The superconducting outsert, which combines NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor technologies, will provide more than 14 T. The authors describe an option for this superconducting outsert based on the cable-in-conduit-conductor (CICC) approach, where cabled strands of conductor are contained in intimate contact with helium coolant inside a strong steel sheath that also acts as distributed structure. A departure from the usual practice for CICC technology is in the application of static Hell cooling, which simultaneously provides higher conductor performance and nearly passive extraction of the rather modest heat loads during normal operation of the magnet system. >
Portosystemic Shunts: Stable Utilization and Improved Outcomes, Two Decades After the Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess national trends in utilization, demographics, hospital characteristics, and outcomes of patients undergoing surgical or percutaneous portal decompression since the introduction of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgical portal decompression and TIPS procedures was conducted using Medicare Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Master Files from January 2003 through December 2013 and National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample data from 1993, 2003, and 2012. Utilization rates normalized to the annual number of Medicare enrollees, estimated means, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The Medicare total annual utilization rate per million for all portosystemic decompression procedures decreased by 6.5% during the study period, from 15.3 in 2003 to 14.3 in 2013. TIPS utilization increased by 19.4% (from 10.3 to 12.3 per million), whereas open surgical shunt utilization decreased by 60.0% (from 5.0 to 2.0 per million). TIPS procedures represented 86% of all procedures in 2013. From 1993 to 2012, mean age increased slightly (from 53.0 to 55.5 years, P P P P P Conclusions Approximately two decades after the introduction of TIPS, the utilization of all portal decompression procedures has remained relatively stable. The TIPS procedure represents the dominant portal decompression technique. In-hospital mortality and mean length of stay after decompression have decreased, partially because of the performance of procedures during elective admissions.
Interpersonal Predictors of Stress Generation

Hammen (1991) provided evidence for a stress generation process in which individuals with a history of depression contributed to the occurrence of stressors, especially interpersonal and conflict events. However, few studies have examined the factors contributing to stress generation. This study examines aspects of individuals' interpersonal style, operationalized as attachment, dependency, and reassurance seeking, as predictors of conflict stress generation within romantic relationships. These effects were examined both prospectively over a 4-week period and cross-sectionally using a 14-day daily diary in a sample of female college students. Overall, there was significant evidence that interpersonal style contributes to the occurrence of interpersonal stressors. Specifically, anxious attachment and reassurance seeking prospectively predicted romantic conflict stress over a 4-week period, and a variety of interpersonal behaviors were associated with romantic conflict stressors on a daily basis. These results are interpreted in relation to previous literature, and limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Seasonal variation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among non-Hispanic black and white pregnant women from three US pregnancy cohorts.

Vitamin D, a nutrient and a prohormone, is essential for normal absorption of calcium from the intestine. There are two mains forms: cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2). The D3 form is obtained from synthesis in the skin with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and from dietary sources such as oily fish and supplements. D2 is essentially only available from supplements as it is synthetically derived from plant-based sources. Both forms are metabolized in the liver to circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, herein denoted as 25(OH)D unless specified].1-4 Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, the active metabolite used to assess vitamin D status, can vary substantially within individuals and across populations over the calendar year and are highest at the end of summer and lowest at the end of winter.5 This variation is likely due to seasonal differences in sunlight intensity during summer when individuals receive more UVR exposure.6 In addition to regulating calcium metabolism, vitamin D helps maintain normal concentrations of blood glucose, regulates hormonal secretions and controls cellular growth and differentiation.7 Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has received increased attention due to its association with increased risk of medical complications during pregnancy and other adverse perinatal outcomes including preeclampsia,8, 9 gestational diabetes,10, 11 and increased caesarian sections.12 Studies have shown that maternal antepartum 25(OH)D concentration level is a strong predictor of newborn vitamin D status;13, 14 infants of mothers with deficient vitamin D concentrations experience depleted vitamin D concentrations in utero and are born with low vitamin D stores that must carry them through the first few months of life.13, 15 Seasonal and racial disparities of 25(OH)D serum concentrations have been described in specific subgroups of the general US population.16 Blacks synthesize less cutaneous vitamin D than other racial groups.17, 18 Studies have found racial disparities of 25(OH)D among pregnant women, with Black pregnant women having lower concentrations compared to white pregnant women.19 While a clear seasonal pattern in 25(OH)D was observed for White pregnant women, seasonal variation was not observed for Black pregnant women, in part due to limited sample size.20 Increasing our understanding of seasonal variability of vitamin D among pregnant women could have a tremendous public health impact as it can inform clinical vitamin D supplementation strategies and behavior recommendations for pregnant women of all races. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate and describe seasonal variability of vitamin D focusing on patterns and determinants of variation among non-Hispanic Black and White pregnant women by geographical and maternal sociodemographic characteristics. We also aimed to examine the extent to which seasonal changes of 25(OH)D are principally due to the variability of vitamin D2 or D3.
Ultrasonic and Acoustic Micromechanical Devices

The sections in this article are 1 Characteristics of Mems Acoustic Devices 2 Mems Fabrication Techniques 3 Acoustic Sensors and Actuators 4 Acoustic Device Modeling 5 Summary
Enhanced transfection of tumor cells in vivo using “Smart” pH-sensitive TAT-modified pegylated liposomes

Liposomes have been prepared loaded with DNA (plasmid encoding for the green fluorescent protein, GFP) and additionally modified with TATp and PEG, with PEG being attached to the liposome surface via both pH-sensitive hydrazone and non-pH-sensitive bonds. The pGFP-loaded liposomal preparations have been administered intratumorarly in tumor-bearing mice and the efficacy of tumor cell transfection was followed after 72 h. The administration of pGFP–TATp–liposomes with non-pH-sensitive PEG coating has resulted in only minimal transfection of tumor cells because of steric hindrances for the liposome-to-cell interaction created by the PEG coat, which shielded the surface-attached TATp. At the same time, the administration of pGFP–TATp–liposomes with the low pH-detachable PEG resulted in at least three times more efficient transfection since the removal of PEG under the action of the decreased intratumoral pH leads to the exposure of the liposome-attached TATp residues, enhanced penetration of the liposomes ins...
Growth, Nitrogen Doping and Characterization of Isolated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes using Liquid Precursors

Isolated single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were prepared on bare quartz and SiO2 / Si substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in which a liquid precursor, such as xylene, was used as the carbon source. The coverage of isolated SWNTs on the substrates was controlled by adjusting the concentration of iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate/2-propanol solution which provided the Fe seed catalyst particles. Micro-Raman spectra were obtained using the 514.5 nm excitation which showed the typical tangential band around 1590 cm−1 for semiconducting nanotubes. The radial breathing mode (RBM) frequencies ranged between 150 to 240 cm−1 and the estimated tube diameters are in good agreement with those obtained from atomic force microscope (AFM) images. In our synthesis approach controlled doping of isolated SWNTs with nitrogen was achieved by mixing appropriate amount of acetonitrile with xylene. As the nitrogen concentration in the feed was increased from 0–33 at. %, the RBM intensity decreased dramatically while the intensity of the D-band increased gradually relative to that of the G-band. Interestingly, the D’ band was observed for the first time in the Raman spectrum of carbon nanotubes when the nitrogen concentration reached ~2-3 at.%.
The Descent of Power: Possession, Mysticism, and Initiation in the Śaiva Theology of Abhinavagupta

This paper surveys the key terms śaktipāta and samāveśa (both of which refer to religious experience) in the primary sources of Tantric Śaivism over several centuries of textual development, building up a theory as to their range of meanings. It specifically focuses on their usage by Abhinavagupta (Kāshmīr, 10th century) by presenting a complete translation of chapter 11 of his Tantrasāra. The paper thus serves to (a) illuminate the nature of spiritual experience and the qualifcations for religious praxis in Śaivism, (b) give insight into the worldview of the Tantric Śaivas, and (c) help in pinpointing a specific and significant issue in the phenomenological study of religion generally.
Recent Studies in the English Renaissance

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the English Renaissance and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follow.
Evidence for community structuring associated with the actinorhizal shrub Ceanothus americanus in tallgrass prairies in Illinois, USA

The role of the actinorhizal shrub Ceanothus americanus L. in community organisation of native grasslands was examined in three Illinois tallgrass prairie remnants. We asked can C. americanus structure tallgrass prairie at the patch scale through nitrogen fixation leading to differences in species assemblages and diversity? Expectations were that warm season (C4) graminoid species would be more abundant and species diversity would be greater outside Ceanothus patches than in patches associated with C. americanus where, based on results from numerous nitrogen augmentation and deposition studies, we expected greater abundance of cool season (C3) graminoid species and lower species diversity. Plots with and without association to C. americanus were compared for differences in floristic similarity, diversity, and C3 versus C4 graminoid species abundance. C3 graminoid species, including the adventive Poa pratensis L., were significantly more abundant in prairie associated with C. americanus than were C4 species. C4 species, such as Andropogon gerardi Vitman and Schizachyrium scopariumii (Michx.) Nash., were more abundant than C3 graminoid species in prairie patches without association to C. americanus. Means for diversity among plots associated with C. americanus were significantly lower than for other plots, nearly so for evenness and species density, but not different for sum total cover or total species richness. There were no statistically-significant differences in measures of mean total soil nitrogen at points along linear transects radiating from the base of C. americanus shrubs nor between mean soil amino-sugar-nitrogen concentrations within and outside of C. americanus patches. Nonetheless, comparative evidence supports the hypothesis that C. americanus structures composition and diversity at the local patch scale in tallgrass prairie.
Efficient Simulation of Lossy and Dispersive Transmission Lines

This paper presents an efficient method, based on the transfer function simulation method, for the transient analysis of lossy and dispersive transmission lines terminated by nonlinear circuits. This method combines the efficiency provided by rational function approximation with the accuracy of using modal decomposition. For the task of computing the convolution integral, the transfer function simulation method was found to be more straightforward for implementation and more efficient than the recursive convolution method, thus providing further improvement in simulation efficiency. A robust and efficient method for the analysis of frequency dependent (dispersive) transmission lines is also reported. This method has been implemented in AS/X, IBM production circuit simulator, and has been used routinely for the analysis of practical lossy and dispersive coupled transmission lines.
RNAi: RISC Gets Loaded

When an siRNA or miRNA proceeds through the RNA-induced silencing complex assembly pathway, only one of the two ∼21-nucleotide RNA strands survives in the final, active complex. In this issue of Cell, Matranga et al. (2005) and Rand et al. (2005) reveal the fate of the rejected passenger siRNA strand. Additionally, Gregory et al. (2005) define a heterotrimeric complex from humans that appears to execute dsRNA loading, strand selection, and target mRNA cleavage activities.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Comparison of MIC-3 Protein Accumulation in Response to Root-knot Nematode Infection in Cotton Lines Displaying a Range of Resistance Levels

The MIC-3 (Meloidogyne Induced Cotton protein) cDNA, corresponding to a 14 kDa protein whose expression is induced by infection with root-knot nematode (RKN) in a RKN resistant (R) cotton breeding line, was previously cloned and sequenced. In this study, a polyclonal antibody to the MIC-3 protein was developed through transformation and over-expression of a MIC-3 fusion protein in an E. coli system. The antibody was then used as a probe to further verify the relationship between the MIC-3 cDNA and the 14 kDa protein and to assess levels of 14 kDa (MIC) protein accumulation in a larger group of RKN resistant breeding lines and susceptible cultivars of cotton. The MIC antiserum recognized the 14 kDa protein and revealed a negative correlation between the amount of MIC protein in root tissues and root galling index.
Alcohol advertising influences underage brand-specific drinking: evidence of a linear dose-response relationship.

Underage alcohol use continues to represent a significant public health issue, with national public health objectives seeking to increase the proportion of adolescents who refrain from alcohol use,...
Socio-Economic Barriers to Maternal Health Care in Rural Bangladesh

Objective: To outline the specific socio-economic barriers to maternal health faced by Bangladeshi women. Study Design: Review and Analysis of Literature Background: Bangladesh is a country with over one third of the population living in poverty and another one third living just above poverty level. The World Health Organization (2010) indicates that Bangladesh has poor prenatal and postpartum care, nutritional deficiencies, high incidence of non-skilled birth attendant utilization, and the second highest maternal mortality and morbidity rates next to sub-Saharan Africa. Women living in Bangladesh are at high risk for maternal mortality and morbidity in the postpartum period directly related to socio-economic status. Conclusion: The need for socio-economic relief for women living in rural Bangladesh remains an issue that needs to be addressed to fully address maternal health and maternal morbidities in the postpartum period.
Reasoning support and uncertainty prediction in model-based vision SAR ATR

The MSTAR automatic target recognition (ATR) system recognizes targets by matching features predicted from a CAD model against features extracted from the unknown signature. In addition to generating signature features with high fidelity, the online Predictor in the MSTAR system must provide information that assists in efficient search of the hypothesis space as well as accounting for uncertainties in the prediction process. In this paper, we describe two capabilities implemented in the MSTAR Predictor to support this process. The first exploits the inherent traceback between predicted features and the CAD model that is integral to the predictor to enable component-wise scoring of candidate hypotheses. The second is the generation of probability density functions that characterize the fluctuation of amplitudes in the predicted signatures. The general approach for both of these is described, and example results are presented.
When scientists politicize science

Instead of the futile effort to keep science and politics separate, it may make more sense to ask scientists to engage more substantively in policy debate, not by taking sides but instead by serving as "honest brokers of policy alternatives." This would have the effect of depoliticizing science in policy deliberations without having to achieve the utopian ideal of separating science from politics.
Aircraft Design as a Tool in Achieving Educational Objectives for Engineering Concepts in a Core Curriculum

The U.S. Air Force Academy has a Core Curriculum taken by all cadets as they pursue B.S. degrees in various disciplines. The Core includes a series of engineering courses, including: a freshman engineering course, a sophomore engineering mechanics course, and three junior courses (a course in aeronautics, a course in astronautics, and a course in electrical and computer engineering). In addition, all cadets take an introductory course in computing. Typically these courses are overviews of the various engineering disciplines, and are often also taken by students majoring in the disciplines as an introductory course in their major. The course in aeronautics, Fundamentals of Aeronautics (AE315), has traditionally been taught in lecture mode with regular homework assignments and projects, with student assessment taking place using mid-term and final exams. In order to support the Academy Scholars Program, a new version of AE315 was created for students in the Scholars Program, with the Scholars students using a team-based learning approach. In an approach that was inspired by a sophomore aircraft design course developed at Cal Poly, the Scholars version of AE315 has evolved into an aircraft design course, where the students were asked to perform a conceptual design of an historical aircraft: a multi-role fighter for the U.S. Air Force in 1960. The use of aircraft design as a motivation and basis for learning about aeronautics was successful, with many lessons learned and motivation obtained to expand the course in the future.
Detection of three food-borne pathogenic microorganisms by multiplex PCR

Objective To establish a multiplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aures, Listeria monocytogens and Salmonella spp. in food. Methods Staphylococcus aures, Listeria monocytogens, and Salmonella spp. were enriched by LB medium. The primers were designed according to nuc gene of Staphylococcus aures, hlyA gene of Listeria monocytogens and invA gene of Salmonella spp. The target genes of these pathogens in food were amplified by multiplex PCR, whose reaction conditions were optimized specifically. Results The multiplex PCR method established in this experiment had high specificity while seven kinds of microorganism DNA were mixed in one PCR reaction tube, and the detection limit of the method was 5 cfu/ml for Staphylococcus aures, Listeria monocytogens and Salmonella spp. Conclusion The multiplex PCR method, which was rapid, convenient and had high sensitivity, could be used in fields such as food sanitation detection, foodborne illness detection and clinical inspection.
Bilateral Multiple Ureteral Diverticula Diagnosed After Ileal Loop Procedure: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

AbstractWe report a case of multiple diverticula of the ureter. The clinical and radiological findings of the previously reported 41 cases, including our own, are analyzed, and the microscopic findings of the condition are reviewed. Multiple diverticula of the ureter or ureteral diverticulosis is most likely an acquired condition with a distinct radiological appearance.
Improving therapy for HER2-positive cancers through neoadjuvant studies.

Treatment of HER2-positive cancers has improved rapidly over the past decade, and the pace of progress continues to accelerate. The advances have been fueled in part by the conduct of neoadjuvant studies, which have aided in the development of novel therapies and more effective combination regimens.
Antibiotic resistance mechanisms in M. tuberculosis : an update

Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) has been a therapeutic challenge because of not only the naturally high resistance level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics but also the newly acquired mutations that confer further resistance. Currently standardized regimens require patients to daily ingest up to four drugs under direct observation of a healthcare worker for a period of 6–9 months. Although they are quite effective in treating drug susceptible TB, these lengthy treatments often lead to patient non-adherence, which catalyzes for the emergence of M. tuberculosis strains that are increasingly resistant to the few available anti-TB drugs. The rapid evolution of M. tuberculosis, from mono-drug-resistant to multiple drug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and most recently totally drug-resistant strains, is threatening to make TB once again an untreatable disease if new therapeutic options do not soon become available. Here, I discuss the molecular mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis confers its profound resistance to antibiotics. This knowledge may help in developing novel strategies for weakening drug resistance, thus enhancing the potency of available antibiotics against both drug susceptible and resistant M. tuberculosis strains.
"Ti-Koyo and His Shark". Human-animal brotherhood from Clement Richer to Italo Calvino and Folco Quilici

Ti-Koyo e il suo pescecane [ Ti-Coyo and His Shark ] is a 1962 film by Italian film director and screenwriter Folco Quilici. Based on a novel by the Martinican writer Clement Richer entitled Ti-Coyo et son requin ( Ti-Coyo and his [White] Shark , 1941) but adapted for cinema by Italo Calvino (who wrote an actual short story on the subject, “Fratello pescecane” [Brother Shark]), Quilici’s film features the fraternal relationship between a boy and his beloved pet shark. This article investigates both the making of Ti-Koyo e il suo pescecane and the significance of the human-animal relationship it presents. It thus first explores Richer’s novel in order to reveal how Calvino’s and Quilici’s versions have altered the original narrative as well as its postcolonial and post-pastoral meaning. It then examines how these transformations have affected the portrayal of the friendship between the human protagonist and the shark. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it argues that these three different versions of same story offer a perfect example of how contrasting representations of a similar environment might deeply affect both the cultural and the material relationships between human and non-human animals. On the other hand, it underlines how all of them also present a representation of an uncanny human-animal friendship capable of reminding us that we can actually love nature and its creatures for what they are. Resumen Ti-Koyo e il suo pescecane [ Ti-Coyo y su tiburon ] es una pelicula de 1962 del director de cine y guionista italiano Folco Quilici. Basada en una novela del escritor martiniques Clement Richer originalmente titulada Ti-Coyo et son requin ( Ti-Coyo y su [Blanco ] Tiburon, 1941) y adaptada para el cine por Italo Calvino (quien tambien escribio un cuento sobre el tema, "Fratello pescecane" [“Hermano tiburon”]), la pelicula de Quilici cuenta la relacion fraternal entre un nino y su amado tiburon. En este articulo se analiza tanto la realizacion cinematografica de Ti-Koyo e il suo pescecane como la importancia de la relacion humano-animal que presenta. El articulo comienza examinando la novela de Richer con el fin de revelar como las versiones de Quilici y Calvino han cambiado tanto la narrativa original, como su significado poscolonial y post-pastoral. Despues, se examina como estos cambios han afectado a la imagen de la amistad entre el protagonista humano y el tiburon. El objetivo de este articulo es doble. Por un lado, mostrar que estas tres versiones diferentes del mismo cuento ofrecen un ejemplo perfecto de como representaciones contrastantes de un ambiente similar pueden afectar profundamente a las relaciones culturales y materiales entre los animales no-humanos y los animales humanos. Por otra parte, subrayar como todas las versiones presentan tambien una representacion de una inquietante amistad entre humanos y animales capaz de recordarnos que en realidad podemos amar a la naturaleza y a sus criaturas por lo que son.
Drone Relay Stations for Supporting Wireless Communication in Military Operations

This paper proposes a concept of drone relay stations for supporting wireless communications in military operations. Communications in military operations are crucial in completing desired missions under highly chaotic situations. Due to dynamic movements of troops, multiple units require wireless communications when they are separated from each other to coordinate the efforts for the mission. Relay stations are often used to enhance wireless signals. Current methods include ground vehicles, helicopters, or satellites to relay wireless signal in military operations. However, these methods have known limitations such as inaccessible areas (mountains, ice roads, etc.), potential exposure to the enemy force, and high operating costs. Hence, this work proposes the concept of drone relay stations to overcome these limitations and explore enabling technologies that have been developed.
Opportunistic Infections (OIs) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies (HM) Treated with Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase (PI3K) Inhibitors: An 8-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

AbstractBackgroundBTK and PI3K inhibitors are increasingly used for treatment in patients with HM. OIs when these agents were used as first line therapy signaled an increased level of immunosuppression beyond what was expected from the mechanism of action of these drugs. The epidemiology of OIs in the setting of BTK and PI3K inhibitor use has not been characterized.MethodsWe retrospectively studied a cohort of patients with HM who received BTK (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, spebrutinib) or PI3K (idelalisib, duvelisib, TGR-1202) inhibitors as part of clinical trials at our center between March 2008 and November 2016. Patients were followed up until April 30, 2017. Incident infectious complications were recorded. Cohort baseline characteristics, underlying malignancy, stage of disease, type of therapy and use of antimicrobial prophylaxis were recorded.Results148 patients who received BTK or PI3K inhibitors as first or second line therapy were included in the study. Median age was 64.5 years, 32% were female, 95.9% had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 4.1 % had Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Sixty-three percent received BTK inhibitors and 37% received PI3K inhibitors as first line therapy. Pneumocystis and HSV/VZV prophylaxis were used in 82.4% and 85.8% of patients, respectively. Twenty-seven OIs occurred in 24 patients. The most common OIs were pneumocystosis (7), aspergillosis (5) HSV (3), VZV (3), CMV (2), Cryptococcal meningitis (2), candidiasis (2) and other invasive mold infections (3). Seventy-one patients (48%) had infectious episodes not considered OIs. Median time to onset of OIs after start of therapy was 78 days (range, 6–323). Twelve OIs (8.1 %) occurred after first line therapy with BTK inhibitors, 11 OIs (7.4 %) occurred after first line PI3K inhibitors.ConclusionThe use of BTK and PI3K inhibitors as first or second line treatment of CLL or NHL are associated with incident OIs. Clinical awareness of these complications and the use of adequate prophylactic and/or monitoring strategies are essential in preventing serious OIs in this population.Disclosures J. Brown, Pharmacyclics, Janssen, Celgene, Gilead, Infinity, Genentech, and Pfizer, Roche and Sun BioPharma, Janssen, Gilead, Sun BioPharma, and Pfizer: Consultant, Consulting fee; F. Marty, Astellas Pharma US: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Chimerix: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Fate Therapeutics: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee; Gilead Sciences: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; LFB: Consultant, Consulting fee; Merck: Consultant, Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Roche Molecular Systems: Consultant, Consulting fee; Shire: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient
Disruptive Behavior, Global Developmental Delay, and Obesity in a 5-Year-Old Boy with a Chromosome Microduplication.

CASE Ryan is a 5-year-old boy who was seen in a Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics clinic for disruptive behavior and developmental delay. His medical history was notable for a tethered spinal cord repaired at age 4 months, alternating exotropia with multiple surgeries, and obesity (body mass index at 99%). Ryan's development was globally delayed. He sat at age 10 months and walked at 24 months. An Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Toddler module (ADOS-T) was completed at age 19 months and demonstrated little-to-no concern for autism spectrum disorder.Ryan's parents described behavioral challenges including hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression toward him self and others, severe tantrums, a short attention span, and difficulty sleeping. They also endorsed repetitive behaviors including head rocking, walking in circles, and perseverative speech. Expressive language was significantly limited. There was no family history of autism or intellectual disability.Ryan's physical examination was notable for alternating exotropia, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, and obesity. His speech was limited to 1-word utterances. Neurological and general examinations were normal.He was referred for repeat psychological testing at age 5 years. The ADOS-2 (Module 2) was consistent with a classification of autism with a high level of autism-related symptoms. A fragile X test was negative, and microarray demonstrated a microduplication in the region of 2p25.3 including the myelin transcription factor 1-like gene.