cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An ethical dilemma.

Thorny issues requiring difficult decisions are part of our personal and professional lives. Sometimes however patients present us with circumstances that make our obligation to the patient conflict with our moral obligation. Such were the circumstances of my experience with GD. She was a 16-year-old Hispanic teen and 6 weeks pregnant when I met her. Outwardly she was a picture of health like many of the teens we see. But GD carried a heavy burden. About 4 months prior to the visit she had been diagnosed with HIV and had told no one! Only the professionals who had tested and counseled her knew of the diagnosis. Because of fear she had resisted counseling efforts to help her disclose her HIV infection to her partner and his family. She had been living with them for about 4 months. This living situation was a source of support and she feared having no where to go if they rejected her. She was estranged from her family. The stigma of HIV is strong and there is much myth and misinformation surrounding transmission. She felt sure his family would ask her to leave their home. In addition GD feared her partners reaction might be violent. He was very angry when she had told him of her chlamydia infection about a month prior. She did not want to lose him. Circumstances were such that it was highly probable that GD had become infected by a previous partner. (excerpt)
Detecting Mutants That Have Impaired Photosynthesis by Their Increased Level of Fluorescence

A technique is described for detecting mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi that have impaired photosynthesis. It is based on the fact that when photosynthetic electron transport is blocked there may be an increase in the level of fluorescence similar to that obtained in the presence of an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport such as dichlorophenyldimethylurea.
Viper venom for control of postextraction hemorrhage

Abstract Viper venom is an effective hemostatic agent that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of calcium. When applied to Oxycel gauze and placed in the socket of a recently extracted tooth, it will solve the vast majority of prolonged bleeding problems encountered in the practice of oral surgery.
Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 interacts with and up-regulates activities of the pro-proliferative transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5.

Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that regulates proliferation of various cell types, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. To identify proteins that interact with KLF5, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a 17-day mouse embryo cDNA library with KLF5 as bait. The screen revealed 21 preys clustered in four groups as follows: proteins mediating gene expression, metabolism, trafficking, and signaling. Among them was protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase that regulates transcription factors through SUMOylation or physical interaction. Association between PIAS1 and KLF5 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Structural determination showed that the acidic domain of PIAS1 bound to both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of KLF5 and that this interaction was inhibited by the amino terminus of PIAS1. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that PIAS1 and KLF5 co-localized to the nucleus. Furthermore, the PIAS1-KLF5 complex was co-localized with the TATA-binding protein and was enriched in RNA polymerase II foci. Transient transfection of COS-7 cells by PIAS1 and KLF5 significantly increased the steady-state protein levels of each other. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PIAS1 significantly activated the promoters of KLF5 and PIAS1 and synergistically increased the transcriptional activity of KLF5 in activating the cyclin D1 and Cdc2 promoters. Importantly, PIAS1 increased the ability of KLF5 to enhance cell proliferation in transfected cells. These results indicate that PIAS1 is a functional partner of KLF5 and enhances the ability of KLF5 to promote proliferation.
Subjective and behavioral responses to intravenous fentanyl in healthy volunteers

Fentanyl is a mu opiate agonist which is occasionally abused by medical personnel who have ready access to the drug. We examined in healthy volunteers (N=13) the subjective and psychomotor-impairing effects of intravenous fentanyl (0–100 µg/70 kg). A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used in which subjects were injected with 0, 25 (N=6), 50 and 100 µg/70 kg fentanyl in a double-blind fashion. Subjects completed several questionnaires commonly used in abuse liability testing studies before drug injection and at periodic intervals for up to 3 h after drug injection. Subjects also completed several psychomotor tests at these times. Some aspects of psychomotor functioning (e.g., eye-hand coordination) were impaired by fentanyl. Fentanyl produced dose-related increases in ratings of “high” and “sedated,” but also tended to produce dysphoria and somatic symptomatology. Most subjects reported liking the effects of the two higher doses of fentanyl for at least a brief time after injection, but they varied widely in their liking ratings across the 3-h post-drug injection period. Despite the transient increases in liking ratings, fentanyl did not increase scores on a widely-used measure of drug-induced euphoria (morphine-benzedrine group scale of the Addiction Research Center Inventory). The present results suggest that some medical personnel who experiment with fentanyl may like it, and thus be at increased risk for abusing the drug in the future.
Uranium(VI) Solubility and Speciation in Simulated Elemental Human Biological Fluids

The complete understanding of the human body response to uranium contamination exposure is vital to the development of exposure analysis and subsequent treatments for overexposure. Thermodynamic modeling has traditionally been used to study environmental metal contaminant migration (especially uranium and other radionuclides), allowing examination of chemical processes difficult to study experimentally. However, such techniques are rarely used in the study of metal toxicology. Chemical thermodynamics has a unique and valuable role in developing models to explain metal metabolism and toxicology. Previous computational models of beryllium in simulated biological fluids have been shown to be useful in predicting metal behavior in the human body. However, previous studies utilizing chemical thermodynamics in understanding uranium chemistry in body fluids are limited. Here, a chemical thermodynamic speciation code has been used to model and understand the chemistry of uranium in simulated human biological flui...
Differential memory-preserving effects of reminders at 6 months

Although reactivation and reinstatement reminders differ procedurally, differences in their memory-preserving effects have been described as artifactual. In three experiments, we examined this conclusion. One hundred and twelve 6-month-olds learned an operant task, forgot it, received a reactivation or reinstatement reminder to recover the inactive memory, and were tested after increasing delays until they forgot it again. In Experiments 1a and 1b, a single reactivation reminder extended infants' memory of an operant mobile task for 2 weeks after reminding, but a single reinstatement extended it for 4 weeks, when testing was discontinued. In Experiment 2, a single reinstatement extended 6-month-olds' memory of an operant train task for 19 weeks after reminding, when infants were almost 1 year old. After reactivation, infants remember this task for only 2 weeks. The finding that the memory-preserving effect of reinstatement is greater by an order of magnitude suggests that procedural differences between the two reminders have functional significance.
Impact of the laser magnetic field on recombination and Bremsstrahlung radiation from atomic ionization rescattering in ultraintense fields

Recombination and bremsstrahlung radiation yields from strong field rescattering of $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}({\mathrm{Ne}}^{+})\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}({\mathrm{Ne}}^{8+})$ photoelectrons show the laser magnetic field alters the rescattering dynamics for fields beyond one-atomic unit of field $(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$. At $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, the deflection of the rescattering wave begins to exceed its transverse width and the yields of photons with energies above $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{hartree}$ of energy $(2.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV})$ are attenuated. Radiation at $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}({\mathrm{Ne}}^{8+})$ is suppressed by ${10}^{2}$ for the highest energy photons near $1000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{hartree}$ and by ${10}^{5}$ for lower energy in the range of $10--100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{hartree}$.
Scattering of protons by 14N in the energy range 17 to 26.5 MeV

Abstract Excitation functions taken at 100 keV steps and extending from 17 MeV to 26.5 MeV have been obtained for the elastic scattering of protons by 14 N and also the inelastic scattering exciting the levels at 2.31 MeV and 3.95 MeV. The excitation functions were obtained at c.m. angles of 90°, 125° and 160°. No evidence for resonance behavior was seen in the energy region covered. Angular distributions for the elastic, 2.31 MeV and 3.95 MeV levels were obtained at 18, 21, 23 and 26 MeV bombarding energy. The elastic scattering was analyzed with the optical model. The transition from the J π ; T = 1 + ; 0 ground state to the J π ; T = 0 + ; 1 level was analyzed using Visscher-Ferrell wave functions and a central plus tensor interaction. The strength of the tensor interaction was deduced. Using a range parameter α = 0.71 fm −1 and a regularizing parameter β = 2 fm −1 , V T was found to be 5.5, 5.6, 5.0 and 4.2 MeV at 18, 21, 23 and 26 MeV bombarding energy.
Minimum-complexity pairing functions

Abstract Pairing functions are bijections from N x N to N , and they are important in logic, computing, and mathematics on the whole. We exhibit the first known pairing function 〈 ·, ·〉 which is computable in linear time and constant space. In fact, both 〈·, ·〉 and its inverse are computable by finite-state transducers which run in real time. By contrast, the familiar examples of pairing functions in the literature are computable in linear time if and only if integer multiplication can be accomplished in linear time, which is considered doubtful by many. We also present two kinds of monotone pairing functions which are computable on-line in linear time and log space; the first is also computable off-line in zero space. We conjecture that every monotone pairing function requires log space to compute on-line.
The Josephson junction as a macroscopic radiating atom

Abstract We investigate the electrodynamic properties of a Josephson junction emitting coherent radiation and establish that it can be regarded as a two-level atom within the framework of the microscopic theory of superconductivity.
Role of Heme Proteins in Peroxidation of Milk Lipids

Abstract The heme proteins of the milk fat globule membrane were examined for their role in the oxidative degradation of milk lipids. Treatment of milk with antibiotic antimycin A inhibited peroxidation in samples containing added copper. The specificity of antimycin A in inhibiting heme-induced lipid peroxidation and its hydrophobicity suggest involvement of membrane heme in the catalysis. Both the inhibitory effect of antimycin A and oxidative stability increased in samples aged 24h prior to copper addition. Spontaneous alteration of the milk fat globule membrane with aging may have been responsible. Cytochrome b 5 , a membrane heme protein, and susceptibility of milk samples to lipid peroxidation were uncorrelated; however, its catalytic involvement was not precluded.
Accurate Approximations for Posterior Moments and Marginal Densities

Abstract This article describes approximations to the posterior means and variances of positive functions of a real or vector-valued parameter, and to the marginal posterior densities of arbitrary (i.e., not necessarily positive) parameters. These approximations can also be used to compute approximate predictive densities. To apply the proposed method, one only needs to be able to maximize slightly modified likelihood functions and to evaluate the observed information at the maxima. Nevertheless, the resulting approximations are generally as accurate and in some cases more accurate than approximations based on third-order expansions of the likelihood and requiring the evaluation of third derivatives. The approximate marginal posterior densities behave very much like saddle-point approximations for sampling distributions. The principal regularity condition required is that the likelihood times prior be unimodal.
Somatic parameters, organ growth, and plasma substrates in weanling rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions one month postoperatively

Abstract Somatic and some metabolic aspects of the syndrome that follows bilateral destruction of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) have been studied primarily in mature rats. Fewer data are available for the weanling rat. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats received small (10 mC) bilateral electrolytic lesions (LHAL). Sham-operated controls were pair-gained to LHAL rats (CON-PG) or fed ad lib (CON-ADLIB). All rats were killed 1 month after LHAL. Both LHAL and CON-PG weighed less, had less carcass fat, and were shorter than CON-ADLIB. Also, LHAL were somewhat, but significantly (SIGN), shorter than CON-PG. Rats with LHAL has less carcass protein than CON-ADLIB in percent but not in absolute terms. Liver, epididymal fat pads, diaphragm, kidneys,adrenals, testes, spleen, and heart grew SIGN smaller in LHAL vs. CON-ADLIB, but in no instance was there a SIGN difference between LHAL and CON-PG. In body weight percentage, some of these differences (liver, kidneys, heart) were not SIGN. Both LHAL and CON-PG had larger adrenals than CON-ADLIB and both LHAL and CON-PG had SIGN less protein in their livers, epididymal fat pads, and diaphragm than CON-ADLIB. In organ weight percentage, however, LHAL rats had more protein in their livers and fat pads than CON-ADLIB and LHAL rats had less protein in fat pads than CON-PG in absolute but not in percent organ weight terms. Plasma glucose was similar in all groups, but LHAL had SIGN lower triglycerides and total cholesterol than CON-ADLIB. Compared to CON-PG, LHAL had SIGN lower total cholesterol but SIGN higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and albumin than CON-ADLIB. It is concluded that some of the changes observed are evidently due to the hypocaloric food intake of LHAL rats, whereas several parameters [linear growth, spleen size, fat pad protein (absolute), total cholesterol, and total protein] are presumably due to a “true” lesion effect. This could come about by interference by the lesions with control systems of intermediary metabolism as have been suggested by stimulation studies.
Unraveling the role of desmosomal proteins.

Understanding the pathophysiology of various disease processes lends itself to a better understanding of the normal function of tissues. For example, studying autoimmune and infectious blistering diseases has led to significant advances in elucidating the structure and function of the epidermis and the epidermal basement membrane zone (Stanley and Amagai, 2006). Similarly, studies of diseases such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis have helped herald the importance and function of keratin proteins (Leigh and Lane, 1993). Thus, probing the pathophysiology of skin diseases provides insights into the normal structure and function of skin. In a report published in this issue, physicians and investigators teamed together to examine the disease that caused the untimely death of a 14-year-old girl from Finland (Mahoney et al., 2010).
Reinventing the culdoscope.

The purpose of this study was to reassess culdoscopic visualization of the female pelvis using a small flexible fiberoptic choledochoscope introduced via a disposable trochar system. A disposable 5-mm retractable laparoscopic trochar was used to gain access to the peritoneal cavity via the posterior fornix of the vagina. A 4.9-mm flexible choledochoscope then was introduced through this trochar to visualize the pelvic organs. The initial procedures were performed with the patient under general anesthesia using direct laparoscopic visualization of the cul-de-sac. Subsequent procedures were performed on women who were awake, using local anesthesia and sedation with the patients in a knee–chest position. In this study, 18 women taken to the operating room for a planned transvaginal hysterectomy or laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy underwent flexible culdoscopy. Three procedures were performed with the patients under general anesthesia using direct laparoscopic visualization, and 15 procedures were performed in a blind fashion with the patient awake in a knee–chest position. The average Quetelet Index was 31.2 (range, 22.8–43.1). Of the 18 procedures, 16 were successful in adequately visualizing the pelvic organs. There were no significant complications from the procedures, and no injury to adjacent organs. Culdoscopy with a small flexible scope can be performed safely in awake patients, providing adequate visualization of the female pelvis.
Distributed system for processing 3D medical images

Three-dimensional (3D) image data generated by radiological imaging modalities such as CT and MRI can provide detailed structural insight. Automating the analysis of these images can improve the consistency of the results and reduce user interaction time, but introduces a tremendous computational burden. To address this problem, we have designed a distributed processing environment for the rapid processing of 3D medical images. Our system allows a user to perform automatic 3D filtering, segmentation, and measurement on a 3D image using a heterogeneous network of processors and the PVM protocol.
Plasma nitridation of Ge(100) surface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract The geometric and electronic structures of the surface species on Ge(100) after plasma nitridation were investigated in this study. An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source was used to directly nitride Ge(100), and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) were employed to study the structures of the nitrided surface. Nitridation at room temperature generated a large diversity of adsorbate sites on the surface containing N, O, and displaced Ge atoms, differentiated by annealing between 200 °C and 450 °C. Conversely, nitridation at 500 °C produced Ge–N adsorbate sites which formed ordered and disordered structures on the surface free from oxygen. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations were performed focusing on the ordered nitride structure, and the simulated surface structure showed a good correspondence with the STM data. DFT calculations also found an increase of density of states near the Fermi level on the ordered nitride structure, which is consistent with the Fermi level pinning observed in the STS results. The DFT results predict H-passivation can unpin the Fermi level of the nitrided surface by reducing the dangling bonds and the bond strain, but the residual plasma damage and the low nitridation rate in UHV are challenges to obtain complementary experimental results.
Monte Carlo studies of finite-size scaling in the Gibbs ensemble at criticality for the two-dimensional Ising model.

In this paper we study finite-size scaling at criticality in the Gibbs ensemble with Monte Carlo simulations. A recent lattice-gas version of Gibbs-ensemble sampling for the two-dimensional Ising-model magnet with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions on two subsystems of L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L lattices is considered. Both square and triangular lattices with a range of lattice sizes are simulated at bulk criticality. We are interested in the question of universality for the fourth-order cumulant of the order-parameter distribution in the Gibbs ensemble. Estimates of -1.954\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005 and -1.9543\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005 are obtained for the square and triangular lattices, respectively. These values confirm universality within the Gibbs ensemble, but are statistically different from the canonical-ensemble values of \ensuremath{\sim}-1.83. We point out that one must interpret this apparent ensemble dependence with care. Unlike in the canonical ensemble, the order parameter in the Gibbs ensemble is the subsystem magnetization. Its fourth-order cumulant is not simply related to the usual fourth magnetic-field derivative of the total free energy. Standard finite-size scaling analysis of data for the total specific heat, subsystem magnetization, and susceptibility are also considered and found to be in good agreement with finite-size scaling.
Pseudo-Pacemaker Syndrome Following Inadvertent Fast Pathway Ablation for Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Pseudo-Pacemaker Syndrome After AV Nodal Ablation. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia that is refractory to drug treatment has recently been treated with radiofrequency catheter ablation. In this case report we describe a patient with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in whom radiofrequency ablation of slow pathway was attempted, with inadvertent damage to the fast pathway. The patient developed marked first-degree atrioventricular block associated with symptoms mimicking pacemaker syndrome.
Activation energy for crystal growth using isothermal and continuous heating processes

The kinetics of crystallization of plasma-sprayed amorphous cordierite and forsterite have been studied using both the isothermal Johnson-Mehl-Avrami and the continuous-heating Kissinger approaches. The activation energies for crystal growth obtained from the two processes are essentially equivalent: 1600±400 and 1600±300 kJ mol−1 for cordierite and 340±88 and 410±45 kJ mol−1 for forsterite, using isothermal and continuous heating, respectively. A correlation between the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization processes is established.
On the Effects of Dimension in Discriminant Analysis

Given fixed numbers of labeled objects on which training data can be obtained, how many variables should be used for a particular discriminant algorithm? This, of course, cannot be answeredin general since it depends on the characteristics of the populations, the sample sizes, and the algorithm. Some insight is gained in this article by studying Gaussian populations and five algorithms: linear discrimination with urlknown means and known covariance, linear discrimination with unknown means and unknown covariances, quadratic discrimination with unknown covariances and two nonparametric Bayes-type algorithms having density estimates using different, kernels (Gaussian and Cauchy).
On the ground-state tautomerization of 3-hydroxyflavone

Abstract The ground-state reverse proton transfer of 3-hydroxyflavone is examined by using picosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The bottleneck caused by the relatively long lifetime of the tautomer excited state was circumvented with stimulated emission pumping. The reverse proton transfer is determined to occur within 30 ps.
Evidence for Altered Vascular Reactivity in Sodium-Sensitive Young Subjects with Borderline Hypertension

ABSTRACT To assess mechanisms associated with the pressor effects of a high sodium diet in susceptible individuals, the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of sodium depletion and repletion were studied in 33 normal subjects and 30 subjects with borderline hypertension. The hypertensive group had significantly higher mean arterial pressure, weight, hematocrit, and upright plasma renin activity. Forearm hemodynamics were measured during periods of ad lib diet, 10 mEq, and 200 mEq sodium diet. The fall in forearm resistance during reactive hyperemia was inversely related to mean arterial pressure at rest (R .400, pc.005) and rose significantly in hypertensive subjects during salt depletion, 39 ± 3.6 to 61 ± 6.1 mmHg/ml/min/100 g (p Sodium sensitivity in either normotensive or borderline hypertensive subjects was defined as an increase in mean blood pressure of more than 5% when sodium repleted. The individuals who were sodium sensitive had a higher forearm vascular resistance during sodium depletion than those who were sodium resistant, 67 ± 10.5 versus 45 ± 4.1 mm/ml/min/100 g (p
The groundwater geochemistry of the Bengal Basin: Weathering, chemsorption, and trace metal flux to the oceans

Sixty-eight groundwater samples from the Ganges-Brahmaputra floodplain in the Bengal Basin were analyzed to assess the groundwater geochemistry, the subsurface hydrology, the buffering effects of sediments on trace metal concentrations and their isotopic compositions, and the magnitude of the subsurface trace element flux to the Bay of Bengal and to the global ocean. Samples obtained from depths of 10 to 350 m were measured for major and trace elements, dissolved gas, and tritium. On the basis of the 3He/3H ages, the groundwater at depth (30–150 m) appears to be continually replenished, indicating that this recharge of groundwater to depth must ultimately be balanced by a significant quantity of submarine discharge into the Bay of Bengal. Using the 3He/3H groundwater age–depth relationship to calculate a recharge rate of 60 ± 20 cm/yr, we estimate a subsurface discharge into the Bay of Bengal of 1.5 ± 0.5 × 1011 m3/yr, or 15% of the surface Ganges-Brahmaputra river (GBR) flux. Several trace elements, especially Sr and Ba, display elevated concentrations averaging 7 to 9 times the surface GBR water values. The submarine groundwater fluxes of Sr and Ba to the oceans are 8.2 ± 2 × 108 and 1.5 ± 0.3 × 108 mol/yr, or 3.3 and 1.2%, respectively, of the world total, or equal to the surface GBR Sr and Ba estimated fluxes. Our groundwater flux for Ba agrees with the estimate of Moore (1997) (3 × 108–3 × 109 mol/yr), on the basis of measured Ba and Ra excesses in the Bay of Bengal. Other trace metals, such as U and Mo, are at low but measurable levels and are not major contributors to the global flux in this river system. A comparison of the Sr and Ba concentrations, plus 87Sr/86Sr ratios in groundwater to the oxalate extractable fractions of a coastal sediment core, suggests that weathering of carbonates and minor silicates, coupled with cation exchange plus adsorption and desorption reactions, controls the trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic compositions in both the groundwater and river water. Our data also imply that other coastal floodplains (e.g., the Mekong and the Irrawaddy rivers) that have high precipitation rates and rapid accumulation of immature sediments are likely to make significant contributions to the global oceanic trace metal budgets and have an impact on the Sr isotopic evolution in seawater.
Strategy made simple: Thinking in threes

Abstract In this increasingly complex world, managers understandably seek experts’ advice to chart a path forward. Yet they encounter a jumble of metaphors, methods, and models; too often, old wine in new bottles. This article helps managers cut through the clutter. It presents a triangular framework which integrates concepts that, despite contrasting language, are more similar than different. The schema is based on the three kinds of Venn diagram: disjunction, containment, and intersection. Disjunction implies autonomy ; containment, control ; and intersection, cooperation . Every organizational strategy is a balance of these three variables. Once the triadic pattern has been grasped, managers can ‘speed-read’ the literatures on strategy, technology/organization, mergers and acquisitions, and cognition—as well as see parallels across these writings. They also become better able to address strategic issues systemically and efficiently, and to communicate to a wide organizational audience.
A DNA DECAMER WITH A STICKY END : THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF D-CGACGATCGT

The crystal structure of d-CGACGATCGT has been determined to a resolution of 2.6 A. The molecule was synthesized by standard phosphoramidite procedures, and purified by anion-exchange HPLC. Crystals are monolclinic, space group P2(1), with unit cell dimensions, a = 26.45 A, b = 34.66 A, c = 32.17 A, beta = 113.45 degrees and Z = 4, containing a B-DNA double helix in each crystallographic asymmetric unit. The structure was solved using molecular replacement, aided by an isomorphous derivative, in which a bromine atom was attached to the 5 position of cytosine 8. Problems of fit between the search model and the structure ultimately obtained necessitated the use of Patterson correlation procedures between the determination of the orientation and the translation of the molecule. In all, 69 solvent molecules have been identified, and the structure has been refined to an R-factor of 0.214, using the 1421 reflections with F > 2sigma(F), collected at -120 degrees C. The sequence produces a molecule containing eight Watson-Crick base-pairs and a two-nucleotide 5'-sticky end at each end of the duplex. The sticky ends cohere with one another, so the molecules form continuous 10-fold double helices throughout the crystal, with each strand being interrupted by inherent staggered nicks. The relative angular relationships between helices in the structure differ from each other; most of the arrangements differ from Holliday junctions, whose rotational orientations are phased by a crossover and which are modeled to contain double helices that are exactly parallel or antiparallel. However, one helical juxtaposition in this crystal is similar to the alignment of double helices in parallel Holliday junctions. A survey of DNA decamers that also form infinite helices in crystals reveals relationships that approximate both parallel and antiparallel Holliday junction alignments.
“ ‘WE'RE GETTING OUR COUNTRY BACK’: REFLECTIONS ON POLITICS, RACE, LABOR AND COMMUNITY IN THE AGE OF OBAMA”. A CONVERSATION WITH MARK AYERS, PRESIDENT, BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION TRADES DEPARTMENT (AFL-CIO)

This is an expansive and wide-ranging “conversation” with Mark Ayers, President of the Building and Construction Trades Department (BCTD-AFL-CIO), a coalition of thirteen unions representing over two million workers in the construction industry. Edited from about one hundred pages of transcripts of interviews with Ayers conducted by Jeff Grabelsky, this conversation covers a variety of issues including: the implications for the labor movement of Obama's 2008 election; the opportunities arising during the Obama administration's first two years as well as the threats of the right wing backlash; the need for deeper and more authentic labor-community partnerships; the challenge of increasing the diversity of the unionized Building Trades; and, the dangers of global warming. Before becoming BCTD president, Mark Ayers was a union electrician, a local union business manager, an international union representative, and the director of the IBEW's Construction and Maintenance Department. He shares his experiences, perspectives, and vision for revitalizing the unionized construction industry in a remarkably candid and bold way. His underlying message is that the Building Trades unions can not re-establish their power and influence in the construction industry unless and until their leaders break free of outdated strategies that will be increasingly ineffectual in a rapidly changing political, economic, and social landscape.
An NGF-TrkA-Mediated Retrograde Signal to Transcription Factor CREB in Sympathetic Neurons

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor secreted by cells that are the targets of innervation of sympathetic and some sensory neurons. However, the mechanism by which the NGF signal is propagated from the axon terminal to the cell body, which can be more than 1 meter away, to influence biochemical events critical for growth and survival of neurons has remained unclear. An NGF-mediated signal transmitted from the terminals and distal axons of cultured rat sympathetic neurons to their nuclei regulated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein). Internalization of NGF and its receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA, and their transport to the cell body, were required for transmission of this signal. The tyrosine kinase activity of TrkA was required to maintain it in an autophosphorylated state upon its arrival in the cell body and for propagation of the signal to CREB within neuronal nuclei. Thus, an NGF-TrkA complex is a messenger that delivers the NGF signal from axon terminals to cell bodies of sympathetic neurons.
Sexual Minority Stressors and Psychological Aggression in Lesbian Women’s Intimate Relationships: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Relationship Satisfaction

Our study examined how two sexual minority stressors (internalized homophobia and social constraints in talking with others about one’s minority sexual identity) are related to psychological aggression (PA) in lesbian women’s relationships. PA includes a range of methods to hurt, coerce, control, and intimidate intimate partners. Rumination (i.e., brooding about one’s self and life situation) and relationship satisfaction were examined as potential mediating variables. Self-identified lesbian women in a same-sex relationship (N = 220) were recruited from a market research firm’s online panel. Participants completed measures of internalized homophobia, social constraints, rumination, relationship satisfaction, and frequency of past year PA victimization and perpetration. Internalized homophobia and social constraints in talking to friends about sexual identity yielded a positive indirect link with PA via a sequential path through rumination and relationship satisfaction. There was an additional indirect po...
Development of a Basin-scale Model for CO2 Sequestration in the Basal Sandstone Reservoir of the Illinois Basin-issues, Approach and Preliminary Results

Abstract Numerical modeling of geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is needed to guide efficient development and to understand potential consequences of its development. The Illinois Basin is a major geologic basin in north-central United States. To evaluate the feasibility of future, commercial-scale GCS within this basin, a basin-scale, flow model is being developed using TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N and refined as new geologic data become available. Current models include the Mt. Simon Sandstone and its caprock (Eau Claire Shale). The project goals are to evaluate the migration of injected CO 2 and assess the pressure changes in this open reservoir in response to future GCS developments.
Evaluation of shredder residue as cement manufacturing feedstock

Abstract Metal recycling from automobiles, appliances and scrap steel occurs at over 200 dedicated metal shredding operations in the US. Shredder residue (SR) consists of glass, rubber, plastics, fibers, dirt, and fines that remain after ferrous and non-ferrous metals have been removed. Over 3 million tonnes of SR generated in the US each year are landfilled. The results of a previous end-of-life impact assessment showed that use of SR as a fuel supplement for cement manufacturing was environmentally beneficial to the current practice of landfilling and appears better in comparison to the other management methods studied. However, because many reuse and recycling options may not be cost effective, there is a need for further study. Simplistic methods to separate SR into energy and mineral rich streams may facilitate the use of a sizable fraction of SR. Due to the large scale of the cement industry in the US, a significant amount of SR is recoverable. The goal of this study was to identify the feedstock quality parameters needed to satisfy kiln operators and then to assess the mechanical means necessary to process SR into material acceptable as coal and mineral substitutes. Field tests were conducted to separate and beneficiate the coarse SR waste stream. Density separation techniques commonly used by shredders in the past were tested to separate rubber and plastics from non-combustibles and contaminants (e.g., PVC and copper wire). A fraction constituting about 30 wt% of the total SR had fuel characteristics mirroring those of coal. However, remaining levels of potentially problematic constituents (e.g., total chlorine and heavy metals) may limit use to a low relative addition rate at some kilns. An economic review of a full-scale separation system showed that processing SR appears to be economically marginal considering avoided landfilling costs alone. However, significant economic benefits would result from additional non-ferrous metals recovery (namely copper). The project results showed that commonly available separation systems should produce an acceptable fuel supplement; however, regulatory barriers which inhibit economically viable recycling may need to be addressed.
Stochastic models of choice behavior

The notion of “utility” is fundamental in most current theories of human decision. The problem of determining the utility function of a given decision maker, however, presents grave difficulties. It is not sufficient to determine the decision maker's rank-order preference of choices, because such a rank-order preference would determine his utility only on an ordinal scale, not the interval scale required in many decision problems. The problem is further complicated by the fact that even the preference choices of the chooser are often inconsistent with each other. T o circumvent the latter difficulty, stochastic definitions of utilities have been proposed in which probabilities (frequencies) of preference choices become the basic data. Here the implications of some of these models are derived which enable the experimenter to decide whether a given model is consistent with a set of data. Appropriate statistical sampling tests are worked out.
Interactive segmentation of cerebral gray matter, white matter, and CSF: photographic and MR images

Digital photography of postmortem brain slices was compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for morphological analysis of human brain atrophy. In this study, we used two human brains obtained at autopsy: a cognitively defined nondemented control (70-yr-old male) and a demented Alzheimer's disease (AD) subject (82-yr-old female). For each of two brains, interactive manual image segmentation was performed by two observers on two image sets: (a) four coronal T1-weighted MR images (5 mm slices); and (b) four digitized photographic images from comparable rostrocaudal levels. Microcomputer image analysis software was used to measure the areas of three segmented cerebral compartments--gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and CSF--for both image types. Resegmentation error was defined as the absolute difference between the areas derived from two segmentation trials divided by the value from trial 1 and multiplied by 100. This yielded the percent difference between the area measurements from the two trials. We found intra-observer agreement was better (error rates 1-18%) than inter-observer agreement (3-70%) with best agreement for WM and least for CSF, the smallest object class. MRI overestimated GM area relative to digitized photographs in the control but not the AD brain. The results define limitations of manual image segmentations and comparison of MRI with pathologic section photographic images.
Shaping Successful and Unsuccessful CD8 T Cell Responses Following Infection

CD8 T cells play a vital role in the immunological protection against intracellular pathogens. Ideally, robust effector responses are induced, which eradicate the pathogen, and durable memory CD8 T cells are also established, which help confer protection against subsequent reinfection. The quality and magnitude of these responses is dictated by multiple factors, including their initial interactions with professional antigen-presenting cells, as well as the cytokine milieu and availability of CD4 T cell help. These factors set the transcriptional landscape of the responding T cells, which in turn influences their phenotypic and functional attributes as well as ultimate fate. Under certain conditions, such as during chronic infections, the development of these usually successful responses becomes subverted. Here we discuss advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular determinants of T cell quality, and the formation of effector, memory, and exhausted CD8 T cells, during acute and chronic infections.
Characteristics of women who deliver with no prenatal care.

Objective: To compare the characteristics, morbidities and pregnancy outcomes of women with no prenatal care and women receiving some care.Methods: Medical records were abstracted for demographic variables as well as information concerning substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases and perinatal outcome. Bivariate associations of descriptive data were tested using odds ratios or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis determined adjusted odds ratios. Significance was set at α = 0.05.Results: Women who received no prenatal care were more likely to be multiparous, living with at least one child, less educated, uninsured, smoke, use cocaine and have a prior history of substance abuse. Preterm labor, preterm delivery, low birth weight and stillbirth were more common. Syphilis and HIV were found in nearly 5% of women without care.Conclusion: Intensive interventions are needed for women who fail to receive prenatal care so as to link these high-risk women to needed services.
Darwinism and cultural change

Evolutionary models of cultural change have acquired an important role in attempts to explain the course of human evolution, especially our specialization in knowledge-gathering and intelligent control of environments. In both biological and cultural change, different patterns of explanation become relevant at different ‘grains’ of analysis and in contexts associated with different explanatory targets. Existing treatments of the evolutionary approach to culture, both positive and negative, underestimate the importance of these distinctions. Close attention to grain of analysis motivates distinctions between three possible modes of cultural evolution, each associated with different empirical assumptions and explanatory roles.
Low-Frequency Pulse Width Modulation Design for HVAC Compressors

This paper discusses the design of low-frequency pulse width modulation for heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) compressors. HVAC units are traditionally controlled using nonlinear control techniques like hysteresis control. Using a very long pulse width, this method can treat an on/off air conditioner or heat pump compressor as a variable input for which traditional linear (or nonlinear) controls can be applied. The key advantage of this method is direct control over the compressor power using tunable saturation. Power control is especially useful when considering load management and real time energy pricing.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Processing and properties of co-injected Resin Transfer molded vinyl ester and phenolic composites

Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding type processes have been proven to be cost effective manufacturing techniques for large composite structures. However, their use has been limited to a single resin system. A large variety of composite structures require multiple resins to serve different purposes while being integrated into a single structure. Co-Injection Resin Transfer Molding (CIRTM) is a new manufacturing process, developed at the University of Delaware's Center for Composite Materials in collaboration with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, that enables the user to manufacture multi-layer hybrid composite parts in a single processing step (1). In this paper, CIRTM is used to manufacture a dual layered structure consisting of a vinyl ester layer for structural integrity and a phenolic layer for fire, smoke, and toxicity protection. The two resins are simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber bed and are co-cured. Resin separation is maintained by a 0.0254 mm (0.001 in) thick polysulfone film sandwiched between two layers of 0.165 mm (0.0065 in) thick adhesive. A Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) is used to select the optimum cure cycle for all of the materials. Mechanical testing is used to evaluate the performance of the interphase formed between dissimilar materials. Short beam shear (SBS) is used to evaluate the overall quality of the part produced. Double cantilever beam (DCB) is used to quantify the fracture toughness of the interphase, and the wedge test is used to evaluate the durability of the interphase. Experimental results show that co-injected, co-cured materials offer properties equivalent, or in some cases, superior, to those provided by single injection resin composites. This case is used to develop and present a methodology that can be followed to co-inject different resins.
Hormone trafficking. A case study of growth regulator dynamics

When growth is promoted in plants, endogenous hormones may move into or out of the growing tissue, change in concentration through synthesis or degradation, or be chemically converted between active and inactive forms. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the growing tissue itself may change, producing an effective change in hormone level. The complexity of hormone trafficking has been partially unraveled in the case of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of grasses. In this specialized organ, which grows only when turned on its side, hormones including auxins, gibberellins and ethylene change dynamically through time and space to regulate growth.
Job stressors, job involvement and employee health: A test of identity theory

Identity theory postulates that the psychological importance or salience of the job role may intensify relationships between job stressors and employee health. Therefore, this study tested the moderating influence of job involvement on the relationships of work pressure, lack of autonomy, and role ambiguity to depression, physical health, and heavy alcohol use. Data were obtained through household interviews with a randomly selected community sample of 795 employed adults. Moderator regression analyses provided limited support for the stress-exacerbating influence of job involvement. Of nine interactions tested, three were significant. Specifically, high levels of job involvement exacerbated the relationships between role ambiguity and physical health, role ambiguity and heavy alcohol use, and work pressure and heavy alcohol use. Implications for future research are discussed.