cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of native point defects in strained-layer superlattice systems

We developed a theoretical approach that employs first-principles Hamiltonians, tight-binding Hamiltonians, and Green's function techniques to obtain energy levels arising from native point defects (NPDs) in InAs-GaSb and InAs-InAs1-xSbx strained layer superlattice (SLS) systems. In InAs and GaSb regions, we considered four types of NPDs—anion vacancy, cation vacancy, anion anti-site, and cation anti-site—as well as isoelectronic substitution at anion sites (Sb at the As site and As at the Sb site). Additionally, we considered three types of defects—the cation at the second anion site, the second anion at the cation site, and second anion vacancy—in the InAs1-xSbx alloy region of the SLS. For a selected few designs, we studied NPDs both in the bulk region and near the interfaces of the SLS. We have considered 12 designs of InAs-GaSb systems and two designs of InAs-InAs0.7Sb0.3 systems lattice-matched to the GaSb substrate. The calculated defect levels not only agreed well with available measurements, but also revealed the connection between mid-gap levels and specific NPDs. We further calculated defect formation energies both in compounds and in all superlattices considered above. Since the absolute value of defect formation energy depends considerably on growth conditions, we evaluated the formation energies in SLS with respect to their value in the corresponding bulk or alloy. The calculated defect formation energies, together with defect energy level results, allow us to identify a few promising SLS designs for high-performing photodetectors.
Understanding how patient’s personal value systems challenge nurses’ views when providing care

Background: Personal conflict as a result of differences in value systems may be a moral challenge faced by nurses when caring for individuals with different cultures and beliefs than their own and is an area of limited study. As nurses care for patients with diverse backgrounds, it is inevitable that there may be differences in values and that these moral conflicts could be distressing. This type of moral distress can cause nurse’s personal conflict as their values and beliefs may not match those of their patients. Methods: Moustakas (1994) phenomenological approach was used to elicit meaning from nurse’s stories regarding morally challenging situations. Ten nurses were solicited, but only two wrote about their experiences; one worked in a busy emergency department and the other in a rural community setting. Results: Four themes were identified: differences, moral code, weight of the transgression, and internal resolution. Value system conflict was the emergent constituent when nurses shared their stories of caring for patients with different values and beliefs than their own. Conclusions: Nurses may be challenged to care for patients who have different cultural practices than themselves. Value system conflicts may cause strife for nurses who have different beliefs than the patients they care for. Interventions that support strategies to mitigate moral distress such as simulation could be included in future research. Use of simulation as a mechanism for training can assist nurses to work through morally challenging situations.
Patient Barriers and Facilitators to Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Qualitative Study.

Background Guidelines recommend that patients with newly elevated office blood pressure undergo ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) or home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) to rule-out white coat hypertension before being diagnosed with hypertension. We explored patients' perspectives of the barriers and facilitators to undergoing ABPM or HBPM. Methods Focus groups were conducted with twenty English- and Spanish-speaking individuals from underserved communities in New York City. Two researchers analyzed transcripts using a conventional content analysis to identify barriers and facilitators to participation in ABPM and HBPM. Results Participants described favorable attitudes toward testing including readily understanding white coat hypertension, agreeing with the rationale for out-of-office testing, and believing that testing would benefit patients. Regarding ABPM, participants expressed concerns over the representativeness of the day the test was performed and the intrusiveness of the frequent readings. Regarding HBPM, participants expressed concerns over the validity of the monitoring method and the reliability of home blood pressure devices. For both tests, participants noted that out-of-pocket costs may deter patient participation and felt that patients would require detailed information about the test itself before deciding to participate. Participants overwhelmingly believed that out-of-office testing benefits outweighed testing barriers, were confident that they could successfully complete either testing if recommended by their provider, and described the rationale for their testing preference. Conclusions Participants identified dominant barriers and facilitators to ABPM and HBPM testing, articulated testing preferences, and believed that they could successfully complete out-of-office testing if recommended by their provider.
Application of NMR to crosslinked polymer systems

Approximately 80% of synthetic polymers for commercial use are crosslinked. Yet, there are very few techniques which reveal the nature of the crosslink structure of these polymers. This article reviews the utility of NMR for the characterization of the type, number and distribution of crosslinks in polymeric materials. It discusses the theory and experimental ramifications of this unusual application of NMR. This is the first article directed specifically towards developing an understanding of this aspect of NMR. It summarizes all aspects of solution and solid state NMR including chemical shift and relaxation measurements for the study of crosslinking. Due to the recent developments in solid state NMR and deuterium NMR, our understanding of the crosslinked structure of polymers has been substantially increased through NMR. It is important that an appreciation of the developing potential of high resolution solid state NMR be recognized so it can be used in the future.
Port-site tuberculosis after laparoscopy: Report of eight cases

In light of the explosive increase in laparoscopic surgery, there is concern about the effectiveness of sterilizing reusable laparoscopic instruments by immersion in 2% glutaraldehyde. This article describes the clinical features of eight patients who presented with biopsy-proven tuberculosis at the port-site unassociated with other clinical features of tuberculosis. Three of the eight patients had positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The port-site sinuses healed with antituberculous chemotherapy. There is conflicting information in the literature regarding the effectiveness of a 20-min instrument soak in 2% glutaraldehyde to clear M. tuberculosis. In light of the preceding information, the current practice of glutaraldehyde disinfection for reusable laparoscopes needs to be reexamined.
A Half-Century of Quantum Logic What Have We Learned?

This expository paper comprises my personal response to the question in the title. Before giving my answers to this question, I discuss the utility of quantum logic in Section 2, offer a succinct review of the history of quantum logic in Section 3, and present in Section 4 two simple thought experiments involving a firefly in a box. The two thought experiments are pursued in Sections 5 through 9, where they give rise to natural and (I hope) compelling illustrations of the basic ideas of quantum logic. In Section 10, I replace the firefly by a “quantum firefly,” and in Section 11, I summarize the lessons that we have (or should have) learned.
The Maker Movement: a Global Movement for Educational Change

Educators have been interested in the global maker movement as it provides hands-on learning opportunities for youths to enhance their knowledge and skills of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study aims to understand the maker movement from the perspective of frame analysis and collective action frames. Based on 33 interviews with makers from China, Europe, and the USA, we use diagnostic and prognostic frames to analyze the problems related to makerspaces and how makers solve these problems. The results highlight that makerspaces are deeply rooted in local communities as they both integrate local expectations with their ideal of making and depend on communities to solve internal problems. Makers also proactively change the mindset of what constitutes and defines making of other actors (e.g. public). Discussion focuses on the roles of governments and the inequity of resource mobilization in terms of STEM learning in the movement.
Protocols for the Analysis of microRNA Expression, Biogenesis, and Function in Immune Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19- to 25-nucleotide) noncoding RNA molecules that target mRNAs to repress gene expression and that play important roles in regulating many fundamental biological functions including cell differentiation, development, growth, and metabolism. They are well conserved in eukaryotic cells and are considered essential ancient elements of gene regulation. miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II to generate primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs), which are cleaved by microprocessor complex in the nucleus to generate stem-loop structures known as pre-miRNAs. Pre-miRNAs are translocated to the cytoplasm and cleaved by Dicer to form the mature miRNAs, which mediate mRNA degradation through their loading to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and binding to complementary sequences within target mRNAs to repress their translation by mRNA degradation and/or translation inhibition. Because ∼1900 miRNA genes are reported in the human genome, many associated with disease, appropriate methods to study miRNA expression and regulation under physiological and pathological conditions have become increasingly important to the study of many aspects of human biology, including immune regulation. As with small interfering RNA (siRNA), the mechanism of miRNA-mediated targeting has been used to develop miRNA-based therapeutics. For a complete and systematic analysis, it is critical to utilize a variety of different tools to analyze the expression of pri-mRNAs, pre-miRNAs, and mature miRNAs and characterize their targets both in vitro and in vivo. Such studies will facilitate future novel drug design and development. This unit provides six basic protocols for miRNA analysis, covering next-generation sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and digoxigenin-based expression analysis of pri-mRNAs, pre-miRNAs, and mature miRNAs; mapping of pri-miRNA and their cleavage sites by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE); electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) or biotin-based nonradioactive detection of miRNA-protein complexes (miRNPs); and functional analysis of miRNAs using miRNA mimics and inhibitors. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A prospective evaluation of whole brain volume loss and neurocognitive decline following hippocampal-sparing prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

This study evaluated an association between whole brain volume loss and neurocognitive decline following prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This was a secondary analysis of a prospective clinical trial that accrued patients at a single institution from 2013 to 2016. Patients with limited-stage SCLC treated with standard chemo-radiation received PCI 25 Gy/10 fractions, with mean hippocampal dose limited to < 8 Gy. Whole brain volumes were measured using MR imaging obtained before and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after PCI. Verbal memory was measured by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) before and at 6 and 12 months after PCI. Univariate and multivariate linear regression evaluated associations between changes in whole brain volume and verbal memory. Twenty-two patients enrolled. The median whole brain volume before PCI was 1301 mL. Subsequent reduction in whole brain volume was greatest at 18 months after PCI (median change − 23 mL, range − 142 to 20, p = 0.03). At 6 months after PCI, reduction in volume was independently associated with decline in verbal memory, measured by two components of the HVLT-R (Delayed Recall: 0.06/mL volume change, p = 0.046; Percent Retained: 0.66/mL volume change, p = 0.030), when controlling for education and global cognitive function at baseline. This is the first study to correlate reduction in whole brain volume and decline in neurocognitive function following whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). This suggests that loss of brain volume after WBRT may be clinically significant and subsequently impact cognition and quality of life.
Resilience Assessment of Repair Strategies Against Localized Attacks for Infrastructure Protection

The devastating effects of unpredictable failures have urged infrastructure system to be more resilient. In this paper, the study is mainly focused on assessing the recovery planning after localized attacks. Localized attacks are typically natural disaster-induced attacks that may cause damage in only a specific area within the infrastructure system. The damaged infrastructure system after the attack can be recovered through either one of the three commonly used strategies: periphery recovery (PR), preferential recovery based on nodal weight (PRNW), and localized recovery (LR). In this paper, a comparison framework was developed to evaluate and compare these recovery strategies based on the resulting resilience value after the recovery plan is completed. To assess which recovery strategy resulted in the highest resilience, a case study of water distribution infrastructure network is presented. The results showed that the efficiency of a recovery strategy depends on the recovery sequence and time to fully recover. Higher resilience value is also associated with the recovery speed and the ability of the system to recover to the maximum possible percentage of damaged components within the desired period of time. The future work will be directed towards developing a hybrid approach between repair strategies that could be used to ensure successful repairs with the minimum resources possible while achieving the maximum resilience value. This work also hopes to serve as building blocks towards the development of high resilient infrastructure systems.
Smartphone-based flow cytometry

Abstract Flow cytometry running on miniature wireless devices for facile and field-deployable analysis of biological samples is an innovative technology for molecular and cellular biology, medical diagnostics, biopharmaceutics, and related biomedical fields. Smartphone-based cytometry combines high-throughput capabilities of conventional flow cytometry with miniaturized and low-cost microfluidic units, which is well suited for the portable analysis of single cells, pathogens, or particles in the resource-limited settings. Recent progress on smartphone-based flow cytometry has substantially facilitated the revolution of single-cell analysis and clinical diagnostics. This chapter briefly reviews the history of conventional flow cytometry and summarizes recent advances on smartphone-based flow cytometric techniques in terms of the operational principles, instrumentation, applications, and their potential challenges.
Ciudad Verde: A New Neighborhood for Colombia

Ciudad Verde is a large-scale development south of Bogota organized under the Macro Project Law with government financial backing. While impressive for its size, more impressive is the scope of the...
Hepatocellular adenoma(s) arising in nodular regenerative hyperplasia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign tumor of the liver with low risk of malignant transformation. It is associated with oral contraceptives/anabolic steroid use, metabolic disease, and rarely, vascular abnormalities. We report an interesting case of HCA arising in a background of diffuse hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in a 40-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She presented with sudden-onset refractory ascites, elevated liver enzymes, diffuse hepatic nodularity and mass lesions on imaging concerning for malignancy. Targeted biopsies of the mass lesion were performed with inconclusive diagnoses. The patient ultimately underwent resection of the mass, which was confirmed as HCA, inflammatory type, arising in a background of NRH. It is not uncommon for SLE patients to have liver manifestations such as NRH, but HCA arising in NRH has not been previously reported. Our case reveals an unusual relationship between HCA and hepatic vasculopathy in the clinical context of a systemic inflammatory condition, the mechanism by which is not fully understood.
Arachnida Class: Mites

Mites, along with ticks, make up the subclass Acari within the class Arachnida. These creatures differ from other arachnids in that their bodies are not segmented into cephalothorax and abdomen.
Updates on Combination Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is associated with a large clinical burden and high rates of treatment failure with first-line treatment options. Literature for combination antimicrobial therapies for initial treatment or salvage therapy in the setting of persistent bacteremia is developing. Various combination strategies have emerged for the treatment of MRSA bacteremia, including vancomycin or daptomycin in combination with either anti-staphylococcal penicillins, early- and late-generation cephalosporins, ceftaroline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or fosfomycin. When used as second-line or salvage therapy, evidence suggests use of these combinations shorten the duration of bacteremia. More recently, data have emerged evaluating this strategy for initial therapy, although results are conflicting. Use of combination therapy for MRSA bacteremia may shorten bacteremia duration, but the optimal combination, doses, timing of use, and exact impact on clinical outcomes are still evolving.
Observation and analysis of a new [14.26]0+ – X 3Σ–0+ transition of WS, observed using intracavity laser spectroscopy with Fourier-transform detection

Abstract The (1,0), (0,1), and (1,2) bands of a new [14.26]0+ – X 3Σ–0+ transition of WS are described. The WS molecules were produced in the plasma discharge formed when either a 0.15 A DC plasma current or a 0.80 A RF-pulsed DC plasma current was applied to a W-lined Cu hollow cathode in an atmosphere that was 0.1%CS2, ~30% H2 and ~70% Ar at a total pressure of 1–2 torr. The hollow cathode was located in the resonator cavity of either a Ti:Sapphire or dye laser (with DCM laser dye), causing molecular absorption to be superimposed upon the tunable broadband profile of the laser. This profile was detected using a Bruker IFS 125 M spectrometer with an instrument resolution set to 0.01 cm−1. Effective pathlengths for the ILS-FTS measurements were 170 m (Δv = +1) and 535 m (Δv = –1). The ILS-FTS spectra were rotationally analyzed using PGOPHER. Transitions of 182W32S, 183W32S, 184W32S, and 186W32S were identified for all three bands, and a mass-independent Dunham model was built in PGOPHER to fit the X 3Σ–0+ ground state of WS. Experimental line positions from the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum of WS [Tsang et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 359 (2019) 31] and our analysis of the (1,0) band of the [13.10]1–X 3Σ–0+ transition [Harms et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 372 (2020) 111349] were included in the PGOPHER fit. A correlation diagram between the experimentally observed states and those predicted ab initio [Tsang et al.] is used to shed light on the complex electronic spectrum of WS.
What the manifesto manifests: Fredric Jameson, Wyndham Lewis, and the problem with ‘An American Utopia’

In his essay ‘An American Utopia’ (2016) Fredric Jameson advances a reflexive usage of the manifesto genre. Rather than simply announcing a new political agenda, Jameson uses rhetoric familiar from...
Thermal and Nonthermal X-Ray Emission in Supernova Remnant RCW 86

Supernova remnants may exhibit both thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission. Such remnants can be distinguished by the weakness of their X-ray lines because of the presence of a strong nonthermal X-ray continuum. RCW 86 is a remnant with weak lines, resulting in low and peculiar abundances when thermal models alone are used to interpret its X-ray spectrum. This indicates the presence of a strong nonthermal synchrotron continuum. We analyze ASCA X-ray spectra of RCW 86 with the help of both nonequilibrium ionization thermal models and nonthermal synchrotron models. A two-temperature thermal model and a simple nonthermal model with an exponential cutoff (plus interstellar absorption) give reasonable results. We obtain a blast-wave velocity of 800 km s-1, a shock ionization age of 1 × 1011-3 × 1011 cm-3 s, and the break in nonthermal spectra at 2 × 1016-4 × 1016 Hz. The strength of the nonthermal continuum correlates well with the radio brightness in the bright southwest section of the remnant. This is convincing evidence for X-ray synchrotron emission in RCW 86.
Hepatic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in a Large North American Cohort of Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B.

INTRODUCTION Fatty liver disease (FLD) influences liver disease progression and liver cancer risk. We investigated the impact of FLD on liver disease severity in a large North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS Liver biopsies from 420 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive adults enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network and who were not on HBV therapy in the previous month were evaluated for inflammation and fibrosis. Steatohepatitis was based on steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning ± Mallory-Denk bodies, and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Models evaluated factors associated with steatohepatitis, and the associations of steatohepatitis with fibrosis, and longitudinal alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and Fibrosis-4. RESULTS The median age was 42 years, 62.5% were male, and 79.5% were Asian. One hundred thirty-two (31.4%) patients had FLD (77 [18.3%] steatosis only, 55 [13.1%] steatohepatitis). Older age, overweight/obesity, and diabetes were associated with steatohepatitis. Steatohepatitis (vs no FLD) was associated with 1.68 times higher risk of advanced fibrosis at baseline (95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.51), and there was an indication of higher incident cirrhosis rate during follow-up. Steatohepatitis vs no FLD was also independently associated with, on average, 1.39 times higher alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01) and 1.25 times higher Fibrosis-4 (P = 0.04) across 4 years. DISCUSSION Coexisting steatosis occurred in nearly a third of adults (13% had steatohepatitis) with chronic HBV in this North American cohort who underwent liver biopsies. Steatohepatitis was associated with advanced fibrosis and higher biochemical measures of hepatic inflammation over time. Therefore, in addition to viral suppression, screening for and managing metabolic abnormalities is important to prevent disease progression in HBV.
Ruby N. Takanishi (1946-2020).

Memorializes Ruby N. Takanishi (1946-2020). Remembered as a "warrior for children," Takanishi's legacy includes impactful policies, dedicated advo cacy, along with memories of a brilliant leader, a caring mentor, and a generous colleague. She taught at University of Cali fornia Los Angeles, Teachers College, Yale, and Bank Street College. Foregoing tenure, she devoted her career to policymaking and philanthropy. In 1980, Takanishi received a Congressional Fellowship spon sored by the Society for Research in Child Development and the Association for the Advancement of Science to serve as assistant to Sen. Daniel Inouye. In 1986 she became executive director of the Carnegie Coun cil on Adolescent Development, a grant-making organization. Takanishi served as the president and CEO of the Foundation for Child Development (FCD) from 1996-2012. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The H2Molecule in Semiconductors: An Angel in GaAs, a Devil in Si

The electrical and optical properties of semiconductors are largely determined by the defects and impurities they contain. Without a doubt, hydrogen is the impurity which exhibits the most varied and exotic properties. Inmost semiconductors, it is found in three charge states and four configurations. It forms (at least) two types of dimers as well as small and large precipitates such as platelets. H also interacts with impurities and defects. It removes or changes the electrical activity of many shallow and deep centers, and catalyzes the diffusion of interstitial oxygen (in Si). Sometimes, it exhibits quantum tunneling and is associated with unusual effects such as Fermi resonances. But one of the most exotic forms of hydrogen in GaAs and Si is the interstitial H 2 molecule, which appears to play a critical role in processes such as the "smart cut". It is the only interstitial molecule observed (so far) in semiconductors. In GaAs, it behaves like a nearly-free rotator, with properties very much as one would expect them to be. But in Si, the early experiments were puzzling. No ortho/para splitting was observed, the symmetry appeared to be C 1 , the single HD line was at the wrong place and had the wrong amplitude, and other features seemed strange as well. Recent experimental studies have now resolved many issues. However, the behavior of the simplest molecule in the Universe proved to be a tough nut to crack, which goes to show that devils can be a lot more fun than angels after all.
Split stories converge at desmoglein 1.

The exact mechanism by which exfoliative toxin A (ETA), producedby Staphylococcal aureus, causes epidermal blistering has been elusive.A combined knowledge of the pathogenesis of pemphigus, cell adhesion mechanisms,and the amino acid sequence of ETA led to a simple answer (pages 1275–1277 ).
Effect of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Elevated Temperatures on Isolation of Bacteria from Raw Milk

Treatment of milk with low-frequency ultrasound significantly increased the total bacterial counts and the counts of enterococci, coliforms, and staphylococci. Warming diluted milk for about 12 min at 30 or 40 C increased the counts of some organisms, but the heat produced by ultrasonic treatment did not account entirely for its effect. The ultrasonic effect was related to the energy output of the generator and to the energy absorbed by the treated materials.
An aspen simulation of fuel production by hydrolysis of woody biomass

An integrated process, in which woody biomass was converted to fuel, was simulated using the ASPEN simulator. For purposes of simulation, the process was divided into four sections, biomass refining, hydrolysis, bioreaction, and fuel separation. Detailed attention was paid to the hydrolysis process and the bioreactor, while a general simulation of the front-end biomass refining process and fuel separation step at the end of the process is included. A simulation of the biomass and active microbial system required the definition of nonconventional streams. The emphasis in this study was upon the effect of varying acid recycle in the two-step hydrolysis process. As the recycle ratio increases the operating cost of the overall process passes through a minimum. Suggestions for the refinement and extension of this approach are discussed. Its advantages in establishing the cost of proposed technologies, assessing areas where research and development are required and evaluating schemes for enhancing energy efficiency were all evaluated.
Tests and Implications of Increasing Evidence for Superpartners

Although no individual piece of experimental evidence for supersymmetry is compelling so far, several are about as good as they can be with present errors. Most important, all pieces of evidence imply the same values for common parameters --- a necessary condition, and one unlikely to hold if the hints from data are misleading. The parameters are sparticle or soft-breaking masses and $ tan \beta.$ For the parameter ranges reported here, there are so far no signals that should have occurred but did not. Given those parameters a number of predictions can test whether the evidence is real. It turns out that the predictions are mostly different from the conventional supersymmetry ones, and might have been difficult to recognize as signals of superpartners. They are testable at LEP2, where neutralinos and charginos will appear mainly as $\gamma\gamma +$ large $\slashchar{E}$ events, $\gamma +$ very large $\slashchar{E}$ events, and very soft lepton pairs of same or mixed flavor. The results demonstrate that we understand a lot about how to extract an effective SUSY Lagrangian from limited data, and that we can reasonably hope to learn about the theory near the Planck scale from the data at the electroweak scale.
Financial Constraints and Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities: New Research Directions

A key assumption in the existing theoretical work on firm financial constraints is that these constraints translate entirely into higher costs of funds. This approach poses two types of difficulties to the research on that topic. First, it inadvertently narrows our understanding about financial constraints since, in practice, firms often face credit rationing. Second, it is a matter of debate whether such an approach can deliver unambiguous implications for corporate investment. The current paper develops a theory explaining the relationship between corporate investment and cash flow when firms face credit quantity constraints. We show that when firms' investments and use of external finance are endogenously related, investment-cash flow sensitivities increase as credit constraints are relaxed. From an empirical perspective, our analysis suggests a consistent way of identifying the impact of financial constraints on corporate investment. Our predictions, however, are markedly different from those examined in most empirical studies in this area.
Behaviors of bulbar respiratory interneurons during fictive swallowing and vomiting.

Abstract Behaviors of the same individual medullary respiratory interneurons were examined during both swallowing and vomiting. In 8 decerebrated and paralyzed cats, 18 neurons having either augmenting expiratory (E-AUG), decrementing expiratory (E-DEC), decrementing inspiratory (I-DEC), or constant inspiratory (I-CON) firing patterns were recorded near the most rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus. All neurons exhibited elementary reflexes to single-shock stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. During fictive swallowing elicited by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation, all neurons were basically inactive. During fictive vomiting induced by vagal stimulation and/or emetic drugs, all E-AUG and E-DEC neurons tested either were silent or fired weakly between successive retches, whereas I-DEC and I-CON neurons tested exhibited burst activity during the retching and early-expulsion phases. These results indicate that these bulbar respiratory neurons, which may be involved in respiratory rhythmogenesis, are multifunctional neurons that could also be involved in vomiting but not likely in swallowing. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:412-8.)
Sedimentary fabric: A tool to delineate a high-velocity zone within a deep western Indian Ocean bottom current

Abstract Magnetic particle alignment and silt mean particle size data have been determined for sediment samples taken from the tops of piston cores recovered from the Amirante Passage in the western Indian Ocean. Our results suggest that the deep western boundary current (DWBC) is flowing through the passage fastest in the deeper portions of the passage, while lower velocities are inferred for depths of
Estimation of coronary artery hyperemic blood flow based on arterial lumen volume using angiographic images.

The purpose of this study is to develop a method to estimate the hyperemic blood flow in a coronary artery using the sum of the distal lumen volumes in a swine animal model. The limitations of visually assessing coronary artery disease are well known. These limitations are particularly important in intermediate coronary lesions where it is difficult to determine whether a particular lesion is the cause of ischemia. Therefore, a functional measure of stenosis severity is needed using angiographic image data. Coronary arteriography was performed in 10 swine (Yorkshire, 25–35 kg) after power injection of contrast material into the left main coronary artery. A densitometry technique was used to quantify regional flow and lumen volume in vivo after inducing hyperemia. Additionally, 3 swine hearts were casted and imaged post-mortem using cone-beam CT to obtain the lumen volume and the arterial length of corresponding coronary arteries. Using densitometry, the results showed that the stem hyperemic flow (Q) and the associated crown lumen volume (V) were related by Q = 159.08 V3/4 (r = 0.98, SEE = 10.59 ml/min). The stem hyperemic flow and the associated crown length (L) using cone-beam CT were related by Q = 2.89 L (r = 0.99, SEE = 8.72 ml/min). These results indicate that measured arterial branch lengths or lumen volumes can potentially be used to predict the expected hyperemic flow in an arterial tree. This, in conjunction with measured hyperemic flow in the presence of a stenosis, could be used to predict fractional flow reserve based entirely on angiographic data.
The compact range property and C0

The purpose of this short note is to make an observation about Dunford–Pettis operators from L 1 [0, 1] to C 0 . Recall that an operator T:E→F (where E and F are Banach spaces) is called Dunford–Pettis if T takes weakly convergent sequences of E into norm convergent sequences of F. A Banach space F has the Compact Range Property (CRP) if every operator T:L 1 ]0, 1]→ F is Dunford–Pettis. Talagrand shows in his book [2] that C 0 does not have the CRP. It is of interest (especially in mathematical economics [3]) to note that every positive operator from L 1 [0, 1] to C 0 is Dunford–Pettis.
Talking about bodies online: Viagra, YouTube, and the politics of public(ized) sexualities

The development of Viagra in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of conversation about sex and sexuality, as men's bodily abilities were put on display for all to discuss. In 2005, the video-sharing technology YouTube was launched. Taken together, these technological innovations – both biomedical and representational – have produced debate around sex, sexualized and gendered bodies, and sexual health. This article interrogates Viagra-related representations posted on YouTube and analyzes sexuopharmaceuticals as a set of intertextualities that create space for both normative discourses and social critiques. Three analytic themes illustrate how Viagra-related YouTube videos (1) reinforce a regime of self-care within a wider context of individualized responsibility for one's sexual health, (2) highlight the values attached to the pharmasexed gendered body for men and women in the age of Viagra, and (3) provide disruptions, in the form of criticism, to the assumption that healthy bodies and relationships need...
Positive images of anger in an anger management workshop

The present study was designed to promote and examine positive transformations of anger imagery within an anger management workshop. Exploratory in nature, it is part of ongoing research that has the aim of developing an art therapy approach to anger management training.
Theory of the Anomalous Specific Heat of Nickel and Copper-Nickel Alloys at Low Temperatures

The anomalously large specific heat observed at low temperatures for Ni and Cu-Ni alloys is shown to result from the electron-magnon interaction at temperatures below the Curie temperature, and from the electron-paramagnon interaction at temperatures above the Curie temperature.
Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions.

Background. Cosmeceuticals containing antioxidants are among the most popular antiaging remedies. Topically applied antioxidants exert their benefits by offering protection from damaging free radicals produced when skin is exposed to ultraviolet light or allowed to age naturally. Vitamin C is a naturally occurring potent water-soluble antioxidant. Accordingly, it has been incorporated into a variety of cosmeceuticals designed to protect and rejuvenate photoaged skin. Objective. This article reviews the scientific data and clinical studies supporting the use of topically applied vitamin C for treating photoaged skin. Other innovative uses for vitamin C cosmeceuticals are also discussed. Conclusion. A significant body of scientific research supports the use of cosmeceuticals containing vitamin C. Cutaneous benefits include promoting collagen synthesis, photoprotection from ultraviolet A and B, lightening hyperpigmentation, and improvement of a variety of inflammatory dermatoses. Because of the diverse biologic effects of this compound, topical vitamin C has become a useful part of the dermatologist's armamentarium. PATRICIA K. FARRIS, MD, HAS INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS.
How HR Created Affirmative Action

While civil rights activists fought for equality in the streets and politicians passed formal legislation in Congress, equal opportunity policies were the product of a revolution from within Americ...
Human activity monitoring using gas sensor arrays

A chemical detection system made of a gas sensor array and algorithms intended to monitor human activity was tested in a NASA spacecraft cabin simulator. Such a chemical-based monitoring system, if extended to home settings, would allow the autonomous detection of emergency situations, thereby postponing the moving of elderly people to assisted living facilities and improving their quality of life. Moreover, in contrast to other monitoring systems based on wearable sensors or video cameras, a monitoring system based on measuring changes in air composition induced by human activities would be non-invasive and would not raise privacy concerns when installed in homes. The third generation of the JPL sensor array was adapted in a small, compact and portable system and deployed in a spacecraft-like room for four weeks while volunteers were performing daily routines. The system was able to predict the total number of people and the level of activity performed in the room, while detecting unexpectedly high concentrations of volatiles.
Radial confinement of light in an ultracold anisotropic medium.

We demonstrate radial confinement and waveguiding of light in an ultracold anisotropic gas. The waveguiding medium is a laser cooled ensemble of rubidium atoms confined in a trap of large aspect ratio. A recoil induced resonance (RIR) is used to create strong dispersion and large gain in this ensemble. The combination of the anisotropic trap and the RIR give rise to a spatially varying group refractive index resulting in a slow-light optical waveguide. Waveguided pulses of light experience strong gain ({approx}50), low group velocities (c{approx}1500 m/s), and long group delays ({delta}{approx}7 {mu}s) due to the enhanced path length.
Application of an in Vitro Keratinization Assay to Extracts of Soot from a Fire in a Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Containing Transformer

A fire in the State Office Building in Binghamton, New York, involving a polychlorinated biphenyl-containing electrical transformer, resulted in contamination of the structure with soot containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran. Benzene extracts of soot collected from various areas of the building were tested for in vitro keratinization-inducing activity by the method of J. C. Knutson and A. Poland (Cell 22, 27-36, 1980). The results, in terms of relative keratinization-inducing activity, are compared to a high-resolution gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis for total polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the same samples. This comparison showed a good correlation and suggests that the in vitro keratinization model has potential for use as a semiquantitative assay for dioxinlike activity.
Critical professional education about information and communications technologies and social life

Looking back over the 1990s, it is easy to see the widespread troubles of many ventures that depended upon advanced IT applications, including business process re‐engineering projects, enterprise systems, knowledge management projects, online distance education courses, and, famously, some of the dot‐com businesses. These “troubles” vary from substantial underperformance (i.e. projects that were much more costly and/or produced much less social or business value than most of the participating IT professionals anticipated) and many outright failures. Many of these “troubles” could have been avoided (or at least ameliorated) if the participating IT professionals had much more reliable and critical understanding of the relationships between IT configurations, socio‐technical interventions, social behavior of other participants in different roles, and the dynamics of organizational and social change. Social informatics is the name of the field that studies and theorizes this topic, and is discussed in more detail in this paper. The key issue addressed in this paper is who will produce social informatics research for IT professionals, and where will they learn about important findings, theories, design approaches, etc.? The paper examines the record of computer science in the US as a major contributor to the relevant research and teaching. It also examines the possibilities for new kinds of academic programs – sometimes called “information schools” and “IT schools” – that are being developed to expand beyond the self‐imposed boundaries of computer science and to integrate some organizational and social research as sites for social informatics.
The Origins of Proslavery Christianity: White and Black Evangelicals in Colonial and Antebellum Virginia

The Origins of Proslavery Christianity: White and Black Evangelicals in Colonial and Antebellum Virginia, by Charles F. Irons, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2008, xi+366 pp., ISB...
Proteomic profiling of intact mycobacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Current methods for the identification of mycobacteria in culture are time-consuming, requiring as long as 12 weeks for positive identification. One potential approach to rapid mycobacterial identification is to utilize proteomic profiling of cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In this report, we have applied MALDI-TOF MS to proteomic profiling of cultured microorganisms representing six species of the genus Mycobacterium. We find that analysis of acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid cellular extracts produces data similar to that of the analysis of deposited whole cells, while minimizing human contact with the microorganisms and rendering them nonviable. A matrix composition of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid with fructose yields highly reproducible MALDI-TOF spectra. Statistical analysis of MALDI-TOF MS data allows differentiation of each individual mycobacterial species on the basis of unique mass fingerprints. The methodology allows iden...
The robustness of the intercultural adjustment potential scale (ICAPS): The search for a universal psychological engine of adjustment.

Abstract Recently, Matsumoto et al. (Int. J. Intercultural Relations (2001) 1) reported the development of a new scale that can measure intercultural adjustment potential (the ICAPS). This article reports six studies that provide further evidence for the reliability and validity of the ICAPS to do so. Although originally developed for use with Japanese sojourners and immigrants, we report data that extend those findings to samples in other cultures as well. Similarities in the findings across cultural samples suggest the existence of a pancultural core of psychological constructs that may be necessary for intercultural adjustment.
Factors Influencing Dietitians/Nutritionists in Utilization of Computers as a Professional Tool

Abstract Survey questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 828 members of the American Dietetic Association Nutrition Entrepreneurs Dietetic Practice Group residing in the continental United States. Six hundred sixty-two surveys were analyzed which represented an 80% usable response rate. Survey data indicated the computer was most frequently used for word processing (80.1%) and business-related financial record keeping (42.0%). Client counseling (7.9%) and progress charting (10.6%) were the areas of lowest use. Multiple regression analysis was run with computer usage as the dependent variable and age, gender, education, computer training, computer experience and equipment accessibility as the independent variables. Twenty-nine percent of the variability of computer use (adjusted R 2 =0.297) was explained by the six independent variables. The significant predictors of use (p
Characterization and binding of intracellular antibody fragments to the hepatitis C virus core protein.

Abstract The monoclonal antibody C7-50 binds to the HCV core protein with high sensitivity and specificity. The coding sequences of the variable domains of the antibody were determined following cDNA cloning of the Fab and sFv fragments. Subsequently, intracellular expression and binding of these antibody fragments to the HCV core protein as a potential antiviral approach were studied. There was high specificity and sensitivity of binding of bacterially expressed, recombinant C7-50 Fab to HCV core as measured by EIA and immunoblot. For expression in mammalian cells, the C7-50 antibody was subcloned in the sFv format by the introduction of a (Gly 4 Ser) 3 linker spaced between light and heavy chains. Northern and Western blot analysis as well as confocal microscopy established the targeted expression of the C7-50 sFv antibody fragment in the endoplasmic reticulum of transfected cells. The colocalization and intracellular binding of the antibody fragment to HCV core protein was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and subsequent immunoblot analysis. This study demonstrates that gene delivery of cDNA coding sequences inducing intracellular expression of C7-50 antibody fragments leads to binding of the antibody fragment to the HCV core protein within the secretory compartment of transfected cells. Intracellular immunization represents a promising antiviral approach to interfere with the life cycle of HCV.
Simultaneous confidence intervals between tukey and scheffe

Exact simultaneous condidence intervals are developed for sets of contrasts of three or four normal means where the sets are larger than Tuke's pariwise differences but smaller than Scheffe's all possible contrasts. The set for three means includes all pairwise differences and all contrasts comparing each mean with the average of the others. For four means, a set of contrasts includes these same types of contrasta and all contrasts comparing the average of two means with the average of the other two. For four means, sets including the pairwise differences and only one of the other types of contrasts aare also studied. A by-product of the research is information on how far the simultaneous inference probability point moves from the Tukey point toward the Scheffe point when one adds specific contrasts to the set of pairwise differences.