cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HYPOTHETICAL EXPERIMENTATION WITH BINARY SYSTEMS

This chapter presents hypothetical experimentation with binary systems. The chapter presents two simple tests, both of which are designed to illustrate the importance of reservoir design and specifications. The first test monitors how the precipitation pattern depends on the reservoir depletion coefficient ( R DC ), with other things being equal. The chapter illustrates this point for a particular case, taking R DC in turn as 0, 0.006, and 0.06. The second test shows whether deposits subsequently formed are also symmetrical in such circumstances where the first deposit is expected to be formed in the middle of a diffusion column, even though the reservoir concentrations might be grossly unequal. The chapter shows that the first deposition event is symmetrical but the subsequent ones are not. The symmetrical position of the first deposit is entirely dependent on the suspension of the stoichiometry considerations. The chapter illustrates typical patterns of interaction between the primary product [AB] and a secondary product [H] that tends to make [AB] more soluble, to an extent controlled by the software user. As [H] is produced in proportion to the mass of deposited [AB], it is expected to find its effects greatest in the neighborhood of the greatest deposit concentrations. However, the effects are not limited to those regions, because [H] diffuses under its own pattern of concentration gradients, with a different diffusion constant.
Novel reovirus associated with epidemic mortality in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Reoviruses (family Reoviridae) infect vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with clinical effects ranging from inapparent to lethal. Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of Largemouth bass reovirus (LMBRV), found during investigation of a mortality event in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in 2015 in WI, USA. LMBRV has spherical virions of approximately 80 nm diameter containing 10 segments of linear dsRNA, aligning it with members of the genus Orthoreovirus, which infect mammals and birds, rather than members of the genus Aquareovirus, which contain 11 segments and infect teleost fishes. LMBRV is only between 24 % and 68 % similar at the amino acid level to its closest relative, Piscine reovirus (PRV), the putative cause of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation of farmed salmon. LMBRV expands the known diversity and host range of its lineage, which suggests that an undiscovered diversity of related pathogenic reoviruses may exist in wild fishes.
Reapproaching Rogers: looking to the source to show us where we are going wrong

ABSTRACTWhat would Carl Rogers make of person-centred counselling and psychotherapy today? In this article, I draw upon my own initiation in the approach, and quite extensively upon the writings of Rogers, to suggest that mainstream person-centred therapy in 2016 may be not only a pale derivative but a serious betrayal of Rogers’ vision. I frame my argument in terms of six key points concerning the dogmatism which exists in person-centred discourse regarding Rogers’ therapeutic conditions; our confused understanding of those conditions; our losing touch with mystery; our misguided expectations as beginning therapists; our appropriation and branding of person-centredness; and our losing touch with Rogers’ radicality. In summing up, I adumbrate a way that person-centred therapists might reorient ourselves in light of this reacquaintance with what I see as essential Rogers. The broader context in which person-centred therapy occurs is kept in view, and to some extent my question is not simply what would Roge...
A clinically applicable muscular index predicts long-term survival in resectable pancreatic cancer

Background The relationship between myopenia, nutritional status, and long-term oncologic outcomes remains poorly characterized in patients with clinically resectable pancreatic cancer. We sought to reliably quantify prognostic indicators of preoperative cachexia in a manner applicable to any clinical setting. Methods Preoperative computed tomographies were available electronically and suitable for analysis in 73 of 82 consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy between November 2010 and February 2014. The psoas index was computed from the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscles normalized to vertebral body area at the third lumbar vertebra. Correlation and proportional hazards analyses were performed to identify relationships between muscularity, preoperative nutritional markers, clinicopathologic parameters, and long-term survival. Results The psoas index correlated strongly with preoperative hemoglobin and albumin levels (P = .001 and .014, respectively) identifying a pattern of preoperative frailty. High psoas index and the albumin and hemoglobin levels were associated with improved long-term survival (hazard ratio 0.014, P Conclusion The data indicate that the psoas index, a calculation derived from a clinically mandated, preoperative computed tomography, is a statistically powerful and easily calculated predictor of survival in pancreatic cancer when compared to tumor grade and stage as well as previously validated nutritional parameters.
Subcellular regulation of cancer cell mechanics

Cancer cells exhibit altered biophysical and biomechanical properties that contribute to an overall altered mechanical phenotype. Increasing evidence demonstrates that cancer cells are often associated with decreased bulk stiffness and higher contractility, properties that facilitate increased motility and invasiveness. These changes in cellular properties are most often due to subcellular alterations in the cytoskeletal organization that results from both changes in intracellular regulators as well as changes to the tumor microenvironment. This review will highlight recent key findings describing the role of upregulated cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins and signaling circuits, as well as microenvironmental cues that influence cytoskeletal regulation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to alter cancer cell stiffness and contractility. We also briefly discuss the emerging role of extracellular microvesicles in long-range cell–cell modulation of cytoskeletal mechanics and malignant transformation.
The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume X, 1832: Feller, Daniel, Thomas Coens, and Laura-Eve Moss, eds. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press 914 pp., $92.00, ISBN 978-1-62190-267-6 Publication Date: September 2016

There is no more momentous year in Andrew Jackson's presidency than 1832, the focus of volume 10 of The Papers of Andrew Jackson. Beginning with volume 7, each volume has covered only one calendar ...
Sociodemographic, Psychosocial, and Contextual Factors in Children’s Sleep

This chapter reviews sociodemographic, psychosocial, and contextual determinants of pediatric sleep health. First, we summarize research on the roles of family socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic background, parental mental health, marital and parental conflict, and household and neighborhood factors on child sleep. Second, we evaluate how these factors predict the sleep patterns of 9-year-olds in the large and diverse Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). We find that both an early bedtime and consistent use of the bedtime strongly predict whether 9-year-old children get adequate sleep independent of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and contextual characteristics. These analyses also affirm prior research indicating that socioeconomic status (i.e., the child’s mother’s race/ethnicity, nativity, education, family structure, and employment status) is associated with sufficient sleep. Without repeated measures of objectively-measured sleep data, however, the analyses have measurement error and cannot identify causal mechanisms. This limitation underscores the need for future research, which we address in part by incorporating actigraphy into the age 15 wave of FFCWS. We conclude with recommendations for research on biopsychosocial determinants of sleep.
Metadata and Preservation

This chapter will focus on four big issues in digital data curation: data integration, electronic dissemination, sustainability, and metadata.I will begin by describing the origins of microdata and early efforts at data integration. I will then describe the development of IPUMS, which has required development of new technology for data integration and dissemination. I will discuss the implications of this experience for the ‘Big Three’ National Science Foundation surveys: the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the American National Election Study, and the General Social Survey. Finally, I will discuss the importance of preservation, persistant identifiers, and structured metadata.
Amino acid–level signal-to-noise analysis of incidentally identified variants in genes associated with long QT syndrome during pediatric whole exome sequencing reflects background genetic noise

Background Due to rapid expansion of clinical genetic testing, an increasing number of genetic variants of undetermined significance and unclear diagnostic value are being identified in children. Variants found in genes associated with heritable channelopathies, such as long QT syndrome (LQTS), are particularly difficult to interpret given the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with pathologic mutations. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether variants in LQTS-associated genes from whole exome sequencing (WES) represent disease-associated biomarkers or background genetic "noise." Methods WES variants from Baylor Genetics Laboratories were obtained for 17 LQTS-associated genes. Rare variants from healthy controls were obtained from the GnomAD database. LQTS case variants were extracted from the literature. Amino acid–level mapping and signal-to-noise calculations were conducted. Clinical history and diagnostic studies were analyzed for WES subjects evaluated at our institution. Results Variants in LQTS case-associated genes were present in 38.3% of 7244 WES probands. There was a similar frequency of variants in the WES and healthy cohorts for LQTS1–3 (11.2% and 12.9%, respectively) and LQTS4–17 (27.1% and 38.4%, respectively). WES variants preferentially localized to amino acids altered in control individuals compared to cases. Based on amino acid–level analysis, WES-identified variants are indistinguishable from healthy background variation, whereas LQTS1 and 2 case-identified variants localized to clear pathologic "hotspots." No individuals who underwent clinical evaluation had clinical suspicion for LQTS. Conclusion The prevalence of incidentally identified LQTS-associated variants is ∼38% among WES tests. These variants most likely represent benign healthy background genetic variation rather than disease-associated mutations.
Writing conference feedback as moment-to-moment affiliative relationship building

Abstract Over the last two decades, a substantial amount of research has been done on interaction in writing conferences. However, most previous studies have focused on the cognitive aspects of conference discourse, neglecting its affective components. Yet conferences are by no means emotionally neutral, as they inherently involve evaluation of student work, correction, directions for improvement, and even criticism--that is, they involve potentially face-threatening acts. Therefore, it is important for teachers to know how to conference with students in non-threatening and affiliative ways. The study presented here examines on a turn-by-turn basis how a writing instructor used a wide range of affiliative interactional resources, including talk and embodied behavior, in two potentially face-threatening moments in writing conferences: providing critical feedback and uttering a directive. The analysis suggests that the use of affiliative interactional resources during feedback activities allows writing teachers to maintain positive relationships with students without deviating from their instructional objectives. Drawing on these findings, the article discusses the implications of this study for second language (L2) writing pedagogy.
Varietal Differences in the Proportions of Cohumulone, Adhumulone, and Humulone in Hops1

Hop α-acids are composed of three major analogues: cohumulone, adhumulone, and humulone. The proportion of cohumulone is a varietal characteristic and ranges from 16 to 50% of the α-acids. The stan...
Relationships among growth, δ13C, foliar nitrogen concentration, foliar nitrogen content and intercepted radiation at different cultural intensities, planting densities and site indices reveal the importance of water use efficiency in mid-rotation loblolly pine stands

Abstract Carbon isotope composition (δ13C), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), foliar nitrogen (N) content and foliar N concentration are all factors related to stand growth and productivity. The relationships between these attributes and growth were studied in 15 and 16-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus teada L.) stands at planting densities ranging from 1483 to 4448 tree ha−1 grown under two silvicultural management intensities, both having different fertilization inputs. Measurements were conducted on six sites in the lower and upper coastal plains of Florida, Georgia and Alabama at site indices (SI) (base age 25 years) ranging from 18.6 to 29.6 m. The effects of planting density, cultural intensity and SI on the aforementioned attributes were studied. Correlations between δ13C, foliar N concentration, foliar N content, IPAR and current annual increment (CAI) of stem volume, stem wood biomass, branch biomass, foliage biomass and total above-ground biomass were also studied. We hypothesized that foliar N would be a better predictor of growth than either δ13C or IPAR, and that IPAR would be the same across planting densities due to canopy closure. The results indicated that CAI of stem volume, stem wood biomass and total above-ground biomass were affected by SI or the interaction between SI and management intensity. The significant relationships between SI and CAI growth indices were all positive indicating greater growth at greater site indices. A negative correlation was found between δ13C, a surrogate for water use efficiency, and SI, meaning stands had lower water use efficiencies at sites with higher SI values. Foliar N concentration and content were both affected by silvicultural intensity, while IPAR was only affected by planting density. Among the physiological parameters, δ13C was the only parameter significantly correlated with the CAI indices. Significant negative correlations were found between CAI of stem volume, stem wood biomass, total above-ground biomass and δ13C. These results indicated that moisture availability affected growth of the highly fertilized mature stands in this study. The findings reported here, when compared to similar studies in younger stands, suggest that growth limitations shifted from light availability to soil moisture availability in older stands when nitrogen was not limiting.
Fourier Analysis and Boundary Value Problems. By Enrique A. González-Velasco

(1998). Fourier Analysis and Boundary Value Problems. By Enrique A. Gonzalez-Velasco. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 105, No. 9, pp. 874-877.
Guidelines for the Design of Clinical Studies for the Development and Validation of Therapeutically Relevant Biomarkers and Biomarker-Based Classification Systems

Standards for the development of therapeutically relevant biomarkers and biomarker-based classification systems are lacking. The literature of prognostic marker studies for breast cancer is inconsistent, and few such markers have been adopted for widespread use in clinical practice. This is problematic, as many patients are over-treated and many others are treated ineffectively. The deficiencies in clinical development of biomarkers may become more severe as DNA microarrays and proteomic technologies provide many new candidate markers and therapeutics become more molecularly targeted. In this chapter we address some common problems with developmental marker studies and provide recommendations for the design of clinical studies for the development and validation of robust, reproducible, and therapeutically relevant biomarkers and biomarker-based classification systems. The design of validation studies is addressed for (1) identifying node-negative breast cancer patients who do not require systemic chemotherapy; (2) identifying node-positive breast cancer patients who do not benefit from standard chemotherapy; and (3) identifying node-positive breast cancer patients who benefit from a new molecularly targeted therapeutic.
Reduced-Rank Regression Model

The classical multivariate regression model presented in Chapter 1, as noted before, does not make direct use of the fact that the response variables are likely to be correlated. A more serious practical concern is that even for a moderate number of variables whose interrelationships are to be investigated, the number of parameters in the regression matrix can be large. For example, in a multivariate analysis of economic variables (see Example 2.2), Gudmundsson (1977) uses m = 7 response variables and n = 6 predictor variables, thus totaling 42 regression coefficient parameters (excluding intercepts) to be estimated, in the classical regression setup. But the number of vector data points available for estimation is only T = 36; these are quarterly observations from 1948 to 1956 for the United Kingdom. Thus, in many practical situations, there is a need to reduce the number of parameters in model (1.1) and we approach this problem through the assumption of lower rank of the matrix C in model (1.1). More formally, in the model Y k = CX k + ek we assume that $$ {\mathop{\rm rank}\nolimits} (C) = r \le \min (m,n) $$ (2.1) .
Sleep and Arousal Disorders

Although the sleep disorder, narcolepsy, was first described in the medical literature a century ago, the modern era of sleep research did not begin until the 1950s when rapid eye movements (REMs) were discovered (Aserinsky and Kleitman, 1953). Since then, the field has expanded rapidly, with the development of specialized centers for the study of sleep which utilize all-night recordings of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), and other physiological measurements. Organizations such as the American Association of Sleep Disorder Centers and the Association for Psychophysiological Study of Sleep have been working to bring better definition and standardization to the field and to provide a stage for the exchange of information and discussion of controversial areas. A publication explosion in the form of books, articles in medical and psychiatric journals, and specialized journals such as Sleep, Sleep Research, and Waking and Sleeping attest to the growing interest in the study of sleep disorders.
Evaluation of serum and ocular levels of membrane attack complex and C-reactive protein in CFH-genotyped human donors

There is a considerable body of evidence demonstrating a link between the membrane attack complex (MAC) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and between C-reactive protein (CRP) and AMD. Both the MAC and the monomeric form of CRP (mCRP) accumulate within the choriocapillaris in AMD. However, the precise contribution of these species to AMD pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. We sought to directly assess CRP and MAC levels between human serum and ocular tissues from the same CFH Y402H genotyped donors using ELISA of serum and RPE/choroid proteins. The Y402H polymorphism was associated with significantly increased MAC in RPE/choroid samples, but not in the serum, in a previously unstudied cohort. While MAC levels in the choroid were independent of circulating levels, choroidal CRP was correlated to serum levels. These data provide further evidence for local activation of complement within the choriocapillaris in AMD.
The Femme Fatale Effect: Attractiveness is a Liability for Businesswomen’s Perceived Truthfulness, Trust, and Deservingness of Termination

In what we label the “femme fatale” effect, we proposed and found support for the notion that attractive businesswomen are judged as being less truthful than less attractive women for reasons rooted in sexual insecurity. In Study 1 (n = 198; U.S. participants), attractiveness predicted less perceived truthfulness for female, but not male, leaders delivering negative organizational news. Next, we revealed limitations of the lack-of-fit explanation; this effect persisted when the attractive woman was in a feminine role in Study 2 (n = 155; U.S. participants), in a feminine industry in Study 3 (n = 286; U.S. participants), and delivering positive rather than negative news in Study 4 (n = 148; U.S. participants). In Study 5 (n = 209; U.S. participants), the effect was eliminated when participants were primed to feel sexually secure, but maintained among those primed to feel generally secure, and truthfulness predicted trust in the target’s leadership. In Study 6 (n = 206; U.S. participants), we again eliminated the femme fatale effect by priming sexual security and extended our findings by demonstrating that perceptions of truthfulness predicted perceived deservingness of termination.
Impacts of STEM Professional Development on Teachers' Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Practice

Research frameworks outline key aspects of STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) integration for teachers, but translating this research into productive changes in teachers’ classroom practices remains a challenge, particularly in schools without an emphasis on STEM integration. In this article, we detail how a STEM education descriptive framework was used to design and enact a year-long professional development with eight secondary teachers at non-STEM focused schools in Southeast USA. Using teacher self-efficacy scores on pre- and post-tests, self-reported STEM integration efforts, and other feedback, we saw productive changes in teachers’ classroom practices and self-efficacy. We conclude with how this STEM education descriptive framework can be helpful in designing effective professional development for teachers at non-STEM focused schools.
A-line: 4D Printing Morphing Linear Composite Structures

This paper presents A-line, a 4D printing system for designing and fabricating morphing three-dimensional shapes out of simple linear elements. In addition to the commonly known benefit of 4D printing to save printing time, printing materials, and packaging space, A-line also takes advantage of the unique properties of thin lines, including their suitability for compliant mechanisms and ability to travel through narrow spaces and self-deploy or self-lock on site. A-line integrates a method of bending angle control in up to eight directions for one printed line segment, using a single type of thermoplastic material. A software platform to support the design, simulation and tool path generation is developed to support the design and manufacturing of various A-line structures. Finally, the design space of A-line is explored through four application areas, including line sculpting, compliant mechanisms, self-deploying, and self-locking structures.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment Sentence Repetition Task for Clinical Decision Making

Purpose The purpose of this study was (a) to examine the underlying components or factor structure of the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA; Pena, Gutierrez-Clellen, Iglesias, Goldstein, & Bedore, 2014 ) sentence repetition task and (b) to examine the relationship between Spanish-English speaking children's sentence repetition and vocabulary performance. Method Participants were 291 Spanish-English speaking children in kindergarten and 1st grade. Item analyses were used to evaluate the underlying factor structure for each language version of the sentence repetition tasks of the BESA. The tasks were then examined in relation to a measure of English receptive vocabulary. Results Bifactor models, which include a single underlying general factor and multiple specific factors, provided the best overall model fit for both the Spanish and English versions of the task. There was no relation between children's overall Spanish sentence repetition performance and their English vocabulary. However, children's pronoun, noun phrase, and verb phrase item scores in Spanish significantly predicted their English vocabulary scores. For English sentence repetition, both children's overall performance and their specific performance on the noun phrase items were predictors of their English vocabulary scores. Follow-up analyses revealed that, for the purposes of clinical assessment, the BESA sentence repetition tasks can be considered essentially unidimensional, lending support to the current scoring structure of the test. Conclusions Study findings suggest that sentence repetition tasks can provide insight into Spanish-English speaking children's vocabulary skills in addition to their morphosyntactic skills when used on a broad research scale. From a clinical assessment perspective, results indicate that the sentence repetition task has strong internal validity and support to the use of this measure in clinical practice.
Documenting rubble to shift baselines: Environmental assessments and damaged glaciers in Chile:

Worldwide, governments use environmental impact assessments (EIAs) to manage the environmental impacts of industrial activity. EIAs contain baselines that describe the specific environment where th...
School Climate as an Intervention to Reduce Academic Failure and Educate the Whole Child: A Longitudinal Study

BACKGROUND Preventing student academic failure is crucial to student health and life success. Previous studies suggest a positive school climate may reduce students' risk for academic failure and contribute to academic success. The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal associations between school climate and academic grades in a group of middle school students who transition into high school. METHODS Parallel latent growth curve modeling was used to examine changes among study variables longitudinally using a sample of 2604 in 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade students across 16 regional schools located in 3 counties in West Virginia. RESULTS Students with higher perceptions of a positive school climate exhibited sustained or improved academic achievement over time (β = 0.22 to 0.30, p < .01). Higher positive perceptions of school climate appear to sustain students who earn As/Bs (β = 0.20 to 0.27, p < .01) and strengthen students who earn Cs/Ds/Fs (β = -0.16 to -0.46, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Positive student perceptions of school climate may sustain high academic performance while strengthening students who earn Cs/Ds/Fs. School climate may be useful as an intervention to support school-based health promotion to reduce the achievement gap in the United States.
Reporting Adverse Events for Cannabis to the FDA.

To the Editor: We would like to clarify a statement in the letter by Mudan et al. (Sept. 12 issue)1 suggesting the lack of a national pharmacovigilance database for reporting adverse events associa...
A Diagnostic Conundrum of Distributive Shock: Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (AIPS) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by the loss of immune tolerance and resultant dysfunction of multiple endocrine organs. Although this condition is insidious in nature, it frequently presents initially as adrenal insufficiency (AI). For patients in shock, physicians routinely assess for infections, volume depletion as well as cardiogenic and iatrogenic causes of shock. However, the case described in this report emphasizes the need for high suspicion of AI syndrome when the etiology of shock remains unclear after primary assessment. A subsequent evaluation for autoimmune etiology, especially in young adults in appropriate clinical setting, may also be warranted. How to cite this article Kumar MP, Thyagarajan B, Haller N, Ciltea D. A Diagnostic Conundrum of Distributive Shock: Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(12):582–583.
Common-mode interference and power conversion efficiency of differential rectifiers in RF energy harvesters

This paper studies the effect of amplitude and phase mismatch on the power conversion efficiency of differentially-drive rectifiers employing cross-coupled MOSFETs. The analysis begins by defining the different operational regions of the differential rectifier and how the common-mode interference resulting from amplitude and phase mismatches affects the symmetrical operation of the rectifier. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the output voltage and the power conversion efficiency under such mismatching conditions. Simulation and measurement results are provided to validate the mathematical model through the design of a three-stage differential rectifier in $$0.13\,{\upmu }\hbox {m}$$ CMOS technology. Modification to the original rectifier design using a tail load topology is also proposed to reduce the effect of mismatches.
Clinically derived biomechanical criteria for the Trendelenburg test.

Abstract Background The Trendelenburg test has been used to assess hip abductor muscle function. A standardized evaluation of the test requires an assessment of both pelvis and trunk coronal plane alignment as the patient stands on one leg for 30 s. Coronal plane biomechanics using motion analysis allows for development of objective criteria to grade the test response. The aim of this study was to develop biomechanical criteria of the pelvis and trunk coronal plane kinematics. Methods The video of 39 subjects with acetabular hip dysplasia performing the test while instrumented with a full-body modified Plug-In-Gait marker set for three-dimensional kinematic analysis, were evaluated by two orthopedic surgeons and one senior level biomechanist. Reviewers as a group assessed whether the subject had a positive test and noted the reason using guidelines outlined in the literature. Coronal plane trunk and pelvic angles of all subjects were analyzed and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were used to determine optimal kinematic cutoff values for each positive Trendelenburg test reason. Findings There were 26/39 patients who reviewers identified as having a positive test. Area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for trunk and pelvis mean/minimum were greater than 0.75. The curve was used to identify the optimal cut-offs of trunk lean and pelvic obliquity mean/minimum. Interpretation The biomechanical criteria developed includes clinically derived coronal plane kinematic cut-offs of the pelvic and trunk angles. The criteria can be used within a motion capture setting for the standardization of the grading of the test response.
MicroRNA-21-5p regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway

Objective To verify the targeting regulatory relationship between microRNA(miR)-21-5p and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3(MKK3). Methods miR-21-5p and MKK3 targeted relationship was analyzed by bioinformatics database predict.Constructing MKK3 3'UTR reporter vector (MKK3-3U) and mutation reporter vector (MKK3-3U-M) was constructed by synthesizing miR-21-5p mimics (mimic), miR-21-5p inhibitor (inhibitor), nonsense miR (NC). NC (NC1 group), mimics (mimic1 group), inhibitor (inhibitor1 group) together with MKK3-3U co-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, respectively.Empty vector-pYr-MirTarget (NC2 group), MKK3-3U (Mt group), MKK3-3U-M (Mut group) together with mimic co-transfected HEK293, respectively.The fluorescence ratio was detected by dual luciferase assay.NC, mimics, inhibitor intervened human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells, respectively.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test cell MKK3 expression level in HK-2. Results 1.The fluorescence ratios of NC1 group, mimics1 group, and inhibitor1 group were 100.00%, 67.99%, 133.17%, and there was difference between mimic1 group and NC1 group(t=19.93, P 0.05).3.MKK3 mRNA relative expression levels of the control group mimic2 group and inhibitor2 group were 1.36±0.02, 1.01±0.04, 1.43±0.06; relative protein expression levels were 0.97±0.05, 0.62±0.06, 1.36±0.32.MKK3 mRNA and protein levels of mimic2 group were significantly lower compared with the control group(F=85.98, 118.26, all P<0.01). Conclusions MKK3 is the target gene of miR-21-5p.miR-21-5p can regulate the expression of MKK3 both in mRNA and protein levels.miR-21-5p may be an important regulatory molecule in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Key words: MicroRNA-21-5p; Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; Target gene; Regulation
Effects of UBM Thickness and Current Flow Configuration on Electromigration Failure Mechanisms in Solder Interconnects

This paper investigates the effects of the under bump metallization (UBM) on Electromigration (EM) reliability of SAC solder joints and presents evidence suggestive of hidden mechanisms controlling the EM failure. This conclusion is based on the observation that the EM resistance does not show a monotonic increase with UBM thickness, but rather decreases above a certain critical limit. Since a thicker UBM would provide a greater supply of Cu, our observation contradicts the conventional view on the role of UBM on prolonging EM failure. We initially ascribed it to the increased of EM-prone microstructures or weak- links at the SAC/UBM interface active in thicker UBM layers. This is considered to be due to a more even distribution of EM flux across the joint by reducing current crowding at the corners of the joint. However, switching the test configuration, reducing current crowding, yielded results that disagreed with our proposition. It is found that the impact of the current configuration, and thereby the level of current crowding, on EM resistance does not vary much with the UBM thickness. This defies initial prediction that there would be a smaller impact in samples with thicker UBMs when the current configuration is switched. These results suggest that the EM failure mechanism is affected by UBM in a more complicated manner. Considering hidden factors such as the change in thermal stress with UBM thickness that act against the growth of EM void is necessary in order to better understand the mechanism.
Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Risk of Total and 19 Site-Specific Cancers: Cohort Study Analyses from the UK Biobank.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in several malignancies, but few studies have examined multiple cancers simultaneously. We sought to conduct systematic assessments of the association between IGF-1 and cancer risk. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis between IGF-1 and incident total and 19 site-specific cancers among 412,645 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank with follow-up to 2016. IGF-1 was measured using blood samples provided at the baseline examination. HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with multivariable-adjusted Cox models with IGF-1 modeled both in sex-specific quintiles and continuously. Results: Participants were followed for a median of 7.2 years. We observed positive associations between circulating IGF-1 and overall cancer risk for both men (HR = 1.03 per 5-nmol/L increment in IGF-1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06) and women (HR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06). For specific sites, we observed positive associations for breast (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07–1.14), prostate (1.09; 95% CI, 1.05–1.12), colorectum (1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11), melanoma (1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15), kidney (1.10; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20), and thyroid (1.22; 95% CI, 1.05–1.42) and inverse associations for lung (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86–0.96), ovaries (0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.95), head and neck (0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99), and liver (0.32; 95% CI, 0.26–0.38). The inverse association between IGF-1 and lung cancer was observed only in ever-smokers (HRever-smoker = 0.88 vs. HRnever-smoker = 1.14; Pinteraction = 0.0005). Analyses comparing extreme quintiles were consistent. Conclusions: IGF-1 is modestly associated with increased risk of total cancer in both men and women but demonstrated divergent associations for site-specific cancers. Impact: Our study suggests that IGF-1 could serve as a target for cancer prevention or treatment.
Mapping Urban Performance Culture: A Common Ground for Architecture and Theater

Our co-taught course focuses on theater history, with an emphasis on performance architecture. Assignments are designed to illuminate the ways in which architectural design and technology inform performance practices and audience reception. The pivotal assignment for exploring interdisciplinarity is a three-week module on mapping historical theaters in New York City. Open-source Global Information Systems (GIS) software serves as a common mechanism for students to situate theatrical productions in the context of the built urban environment, deepening their understanding of the social, economic, and artistic forces that contributed to performance culture. Mapping is a shared pedagogy for analyzing and presenting research findings from different fields. Learning how to collect, analyze, and map data is also a general education skill that can be applied to disciplines across undergraduate curricula.
Barriers to Managing for Change

Given multiple anthropogenic drivers of landscape change, our capacity to affect landscapes, and sensible strategies and tools for managing landscapes for change, what prevents each Social-Technical-Ecological-System from doing so? Why are there not more examples of forward-thinking plans for preserving the identity and the functioning of STES despite imminent and foreseeable changes? Here I enumerate the barriers to managing landscapes for change. In this chapter I focus on STESs with high inertia, places where the most investment will be necessary to shape a landscape’s trajectory or to put it onto a new trajectory. These are the STES where the most difficult choices will need to be made: Given limited resources (of labor and capital), which landscape values should be prioritized? Which places on the landscape are most amenable to redirection? And who decides?
Does Past Volatility Affect Investors' Price Forecasts and Confidence Judgments?

This study investigates the influence of past volatility on individual investors' forecasting behavior. We conducted two experiments in which we used real stock prices to construct low and high volatility time series, and asked participants to make both point estimates and interval forecasts of future values. We focus on two main aspects of investors' future expectations: (1) forecasts of future price, and (2) subjective confidence of future stock price, which includes 50%, 70% and 90% confidence intervals. Our results show that past volatility has a weak effect on future forecasts that are sensitive to minor changes in the characteristics of price series. We found strong evidence that low past volatility increases participants' confidence and improves forecast accuracy. The calibration of the confidence intervals was not affected by the stocks volatility. However, most confidence intervals were skewed suggesting that participants use asymmetric confidence intervals to hedge their price forecasts.
Fabrication and Characterization of Non-Equilibrium Plasma-Treated PVDF Nanofiber Membrane-Based Sensors.

The effect of a self-pulsing non-equilibrium plasma discharge on piezoelectric PVDF nanofiber membrane was investigated. The plasma discharge was generated in air with a DC power source, with a discharge current of 0.012 mA, a nominal interelectrode separation of 1 mm, and discharge voltage of ~970 V. In a continuous fabrication process, the electrospinning method was used to generate thin nanofiber membrane with a flow rate of 0.7–1 mL h−1 and 25–27 kV voltage to obtain the nanofiber with high sensitivity and a higher degree of alignment and uniformity over a larger area. Plasma treatment was applied on both single layer and multi-layer (three layers) nanomembranes. In addition, simultaneously, the nanofiber membranes were heat-treated at a glass transition temperature (80–120 °C) and then underwent plasma treatment. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the area under the curve at 840 and 1272 cm−1 (β phase) increased due to the application of plasma and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) indicated an increase in the degree of crystallinity. Finally, PVDF sensors were fabricated from the nanofibers and their piezoelectric properties were characterized. The results suggested that compared to the pristine samples the piezoelectric properties in the plasma and plasma-heat-treated sensors were enhanced by 70% and 85% respectively.
Free Electron Laser Cavity Resonator Mode Theory

A cavity resonator theory based upon orthogonal mode expansions and scalar diffraction theory is derived. Analytical results are evaluated to describe quantitatively the Columbia free electron laser mirror system. A variety of possible axisymmetric resonator geometries are characterized via an eigenvalue equation.
Inmates May Work, But Don't Tell Social Security

The Thirteenth Amendment made involuntary servitude unconstitutional “except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.” Today, inmate labor comes in three forms—as prison work assignments, for government industries, and for private enterprises. Some work, but not all, entitles inmates to pay, although rarely at a market wage. This article focuses on how that work, which is often mandatory, does not apply towards inmates’ future qualification for our nation’s social safety net of Social Security and Medicare. These programs require workers pay tax for a minimum number of quarters on a minimum level of wages. Congress carved out inmate labor from these programs in most instances; and, even when inmates work for private companies at a prevailing wage, most inmates do not earn enough for their work to qualify. This makes it less likely formerly incarcerated workers and members of their families qualify for benefits that would have been earned for the same work if conducted by non-inmates. Particularly because of the concentration of incarceration within certain communities, the personal and community impact of this exclusion is unjust when inmates do, in fact, work.
Pollution of the Atmosphere from Energy Use

When the earth’s population was much lower than today it was common practice, especially in the industrial sector, to consider the atmosphere and the oceans to represent depositories for pollutants without serious harm. However, the capacity of the societies of the world for producing pollutants is increasing even more rapidly than its population. The attitude of using the atmosphere and oceans as depositories for pollutants is no longer acceptable, and most of the more advanced industrial nations of the world have enacted legislation designed to prevent such pollution of both the atmosphere and the oceans.
Defect tracking and reliability modeling for a new product release

One of the indicators of success in the area of delivering quality software is the number of defects reported by the customer following product ship. Consequently, this necessitates a process for tracking defects in the development and testing phases. The consequent to defect arrival patterns can then be used to provide flags requiring changes in the development process, and to project the likely number of customer reported problems once the product goes out of the door.This report describes the methods used for tracking defects and for using reliability growth models to project the number of customer reported defects for a new product release. The methods used for extracting, depicting, analyzing, and modeling defect data are described in detail.Defects were tracked using the Configuration Management Version Control tool (CMVC), with the defect data extracted on a weekly basis. The defect arrival rate was then used to project the number of expected customer reported defects using a reliability projection tool.
Mediators and regulation of neutrophil accumulation in inflammatory responses in lung: insights from the IgG immune complex model.

Abstract Neutrophil trafficking in lung involves transendothelial migration, migration in tissue interstitium, and transepithelial migration. In a rat model of IgG immune complex-induced lung injury, it was demonstrated that neutrophil emigration involves regulatory mechanisms including complement activation, cytokine regulation, chemokine production, activation of adhesion molecules, and their respective counter receptors. The process is presumably initiated and modulated by the production of early response cytokines and chemokines from lung cells, especially from alveolar macrophages. TNF-α and IL-1 up-regulate intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin, setting the stage for neutrophil migration through endothelium. The CXC chemokines, such as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and cytokine-inducible neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), constitute chemokine gradient to orchestrate neutrophil migration in lung. Complement activation induced by IgG immune complex deposition is another important event leading to neutrophil accumulation in lung. Complement activation product C5a not only plays an important role in chemoattracting neutrophils into lung, but regulates adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines expression. In addition, oxidative stress may regulate neutrophil accumulation in lung by modulation of adhesion molecule activation and chemokine production. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the mechanisms leading to accumulation of neutrophils during acute lung injury.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase - Antibody Encephalitis Mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A Case Report and Literature Review (S16.001)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of rapidly progressive dementia meeting diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but was ultimately diagnosed with a treatable and reversible glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-antibody encephalitis. BACKGROUND: In an extensive review of the literature only one case of GAD-encephalitis mimicking CJD has been published highlighting the limited understanding and potentially under-reporting of this rapidly progressive autoimmune encephalopathy. Distinguishing a treatable, potentially reversible encephalitis from a rapidly progressive, fatal dementia is of highest clinical importance. Although GAD-antibody mediated pathology is well established in the literature, it is more typically described with stiff person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, epilepsy, or its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN/METHODS: This is a single case report and literature review of a patient who met probable diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease based on World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria, but was ultimately diagnosed with a GAD-antibody encephalitis. RESULTS: The WHO probable diagnosis of CJD criteria was met in our patient secondary to the clinical findings of rigidity, myoclonus, and rapidly progressive dementia supported by a significantly elevated level of 14-3-3. Admark Tau studies were less supportive of CJD and MRI Brain imaging was inconclusive. On a broader work-up it was found that GAD-antibodies were significantly elevated at which time the patient underwent intravenous immunoglobulin therapy leading to a complete cognitive recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of a treatable and potentially reversible cause of a rapidly progressive dementia mimicking a more well described disease process, CJD, requires a high index of suspicion and thorough diagnostic work-up. This lends further support to the shortcoming of the biomakers and diagnostic criteria of CJD as well as shedding light onto the wide array of presentations for GAD-antibody encephalitis. Disclosure: Dr. Bittner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murray has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gonzalez has nothing to disclose.