cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Pb-Pb bonds: syntheses and molecular structures of hexabiphenyldiplumbane and tri(trisbiphenylplumbyl)plumbate.

Reaction of lead(II) chloride with biphenylmagnesium bromide yields Bp3Pb–PbBp3 and [(THF)3Mg(μ-Cl)3Mg(THF)3][Pb(PbBp3)3] (Bp = biphenyl), which, upon single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, reveals an interesting variation of Pb–Pb bond distances.
Coming of age in fringillid birds: heterochrony in the ontogeny of secondary sexual characters

The great variation in the timing of development of adult plumages in North American male passerine birds has in recent years provoked much theoretical interest. It has commonly been assumed that the heterochronic process involved is invariably a retardation of the development of adult plumages. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of the nine-primaried oscines (Fringillidae), I suggest that the heterochronic process that has operated most frequently in North American taxa is not a retardation, but an acceleration. I also suggest that sexual dimorphism in plumage, and late plumage maturation in males, may arise as a secondary result of selection for neoteny in females with a correlated response in males, and not necessarily, as traditionally thought, as a result of selection for bright plumages in males.
Does the Sensitivity of Judgments of Learning (JOLs) to the Effects of Various Study Activities Depend on When the JOLs Occur

Abstract Judgments of learning (JOLs) made immediately after items are studied have been shown to be insensitive to the way in which eventual memory performance is affected by (a) imagery versus rote rehearsal and (b) distributed versus massed repetitions. One explanation is that JOLs made immediately after study assess transient information that affects JOLs but is not predictive of eventual memory performance. Accordingly, we hypothesized that if the JOLs are delayed until the transient information about the to-be-judged item has dissipated, they might more accurately assess the effects of the study activities on subsequent retention. Our two experiments confirmed that hypothesis. The magnitude of delayed JOLs was greater after interactive imagery than after rote rehearsal (Experiment 1) and was greater after distributed repetitions than after massed repetitions (Experiment 2). Also, the distributions of JOLs indicated greater confidence (polarization) for delayed JOLs than for immediate JOLs, and the accuracy of predicting item-by-item retention was greater for delayed JOLs than for immediate JOLs in every condition (rote rehearsal, interactive imagery, single presentations, massed repetitions, and distributed repetitions). Thus people′s timing of their JOLs is critical for several aspects of metacognition.
Review article: gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease — how wide is its span?

Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are highly prevalent in Western countries; however, it is less certain how many individuals with heartburn have clinically relevant disease. Although the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Asia is substantially lower, the incidence may be increasing. How much of this increase is explained by the increasing recognition of heartburn in clinical practice, dietary changes and increasing obesity, or the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, remains unclear. There has been speculation that endoscopy-negative reflux disease represents a separate entity from reflux oesophagitis (as defined by the Los Angeles classification), but the evidence that might support this proposal is unconvincing. Patients with chronic reflux symptoms have a higher risk of Barrett's oesophagus, and the increased risk of developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma in individuals with a long history of heartburn is also well documented, but whether this always occurs via Barrett's oesophagus is debatable. Moreover, treatment with standard-dose antisecretory therapies and anti-reflux surgery seems unlikely, based on current evidence, to reduce the cancer risk in patients with Barrett's oesophagus. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has also been implicated in an increasing array of other conditions, but arguably in these settings it is often over-diagnosed.
817 PREVENTION OF NEONATAL HYPERAMMONEMIA IN CITRULLINEMIA

Citrullinemia, a rare urea cycle enzymopathy (UCE) due to the absence of argininosuccinate synthetase, is characterized by fulminant hyperammonemia and its associated complications. Recent studies have demonstrated alternative means of waste-nitrogen disposal utilizing both urea cycle intermediates and non-urea cycle Pharmaceuticals in patients with UCE. Poor neurologic outcome has also been shown to occur with prolonged neonatal hyperammonemia coma. Prevention of hyperammonemia is therefore, a primary goal in the initial treatment. We treated a 3.72 kg term male infant whose citrullinemia had been diagnosed by maternal amniocentesis because of a previously affected sibling who had died at 9 days of age. For this infant we instituted immediate neonatal therapy using 4 mM/kg/d of arginine hydrochloride as a continuous intravenous infusion, begun at two hours of age. Postnatal amino acid concentrations remained between 24 and 91 μMol/L even with protein intake as high as 2.0 g/kg/d. The patient remained neurologically asymptomatic and was successfully switched to oral arginine and ornithine and sodium benzoate therapy at one week of age. He was discharged at 14 days of age on the same medications and a diet consisting of commercial formula to provide 1.8 g/kg/d of protein, with additional caloric supplementation by a protein-free formula. Though the long-term prognosis for this infant is unknown, avoidance of catastrophic neonatal hyperammonemia in citrullinemia appears achievable.
The place of landscape : A conceptual framework for interpreting an American scene

This paper presents a conceptual framework for interpreting cultural landscapes in the U.S. through the example of a residential suburb. The particular landscape is presented as the tangible, visible articulation of numerous discourses. Several examples of a “discourse materialized” in the landscape—landscape architecture, historic preservation, neighborhood associations, insurance mapping, zoning, consumption—are employed to demonstrate how the landscape at once constricts and is constructed by individuals who live in a particular place. U.S. cultural landscapes ultimately are viewed as material phenomena, reflective and symbolic of individual activity and cultural ideals, as they simultaneously are central to the constitution and reinforcement of those activities and ideals.
Effect of Antibody to Capsular Polysaccharide on Eosinophilic Pneumonia in Murine Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans

The effect of the murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2H1, which binds to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), on pulmonary infection in immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice was examined. C57Bl/6 mice develop eosinophilic pneumonia in response to pulmonary cryptococcal infection. Survival, organ fungus burden, serum anticapsular antibody levels, and histopathology by light and electron microscopy were studied. MAb administration prior to infection prolonged survival without reducing the number of yeast in the lung or extrapulmonary sites. Compared with uninfected mice, occasional control and MAb-treated mice produced more IgM antibody to GXM or low levels of GXM-binding IgG1, IgG2b, or IgG3 antibodies. MAb-treated mice had fewer granules per eosinophil, indicating alteration in eosinophil physiology or degranulation (or both). Our results provide additional evidence that antibody administration can produce quantitative and qualitative changes in the inflammatory response to a pathogen.
All-weather ice information system for Alaskan Arctic coastal shipping

A near real-time ice information system designed to aid arctic coast shipping along the Alaskan North Slope is described. The system utilizes a X-band Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) mounted aboard a U.S. Coast Guard HC-130B aircraft. Radar mapping procedures showing the type, areal distribution and concentration of ice cover were developed. In order to guide vessel operational movements, near real-time SLAR image data were transmitted directly from the SLAR aircraft to Barrow, Alaska and the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Glacier. In addition, SLAR image data were transmitted in real time to Cleveland, Ohio via the NOAA-GOES Satellite. Radar images developed in Cleveland were subsequently facsimile transmitted to the U.S. Navy's Fleet Weather Facility in Suitland, Maryland for use in ice forecasting and also as a demonstration back to Barrow via the Communications Technology Satellite.
The cytochromes of Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli contains numerous heme-containing proteins when grown either aerobicaly or anaerobically. These cytochrome species are distributed in the cytoplasm, the periplasm, or are bound to the cytoplasmic membrane. They are involved in various physiological functions, including electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, assimilatory metabolism and detoxification. One dozen unique cytochrome species have been biochemically and/or genetically characterized. They contain one or more of the four heme groups which E. coli is known to produce: protoheme IX, heme c, heme d, and siroheme. The purpose of this articles is to summarize what we know about the structure and function of this collection of heme proteins.
Visualizing chemical structure-subcellular localization relationships using fluorescent small molecules as probes of cellular transport

Background To study the chemical determinants of small molecule transport inside cells, it is crucial to visualize relationships between the chemical structure of small molecules and their associated subcellular distribution patterns. For this purpose, we experimented with cells incubated with a synthetic combinatorial library of fluorescent, membrane-permeant small molecule chemical agents. With an automated high content screening instrument, the intracellular distribution patterns of these chemical agents were microscopically captured in image data sets, and analyzed off-line with machine vision and cheminformatics algorithms. Nevertheless, it remained challenging to interpret correlations linking the structure and properties of chemical agents to their subcellular localization patterns in large numbers of cells, captured across large number of images.
Surgical management of cervical chyloma following parathyroidectomy

Although rare, chylomas can present as a neck mass, especially in the post-operative setting. Here, we present a case of a persistent cervical chyloma following parathyroidectomy and propose a management algorithm for this clinical entity.
Watershed-Scale Impacts of Nitrogen from On-Site Wastewater Systems: Parameter Sensitivity and Model Calibration

A numerical watershed model was used to evaluate the potential influence of various point and nonpoint sources including on-site wastewater systems (OWS) on stream nitrate concentration in Turkey Creek Watershed, Colorado. A watershed analysis risk management framework model was used for this study, and was calibrated to observed stream nitrate concentrations using an automatic calibration tool. Parameter sensitivity analysis was done to select critical parameters for calibration and to reduce uncertainty in the simulated results. Sensitivity analysis of nitrate transport and transformation parameters showed that stream nitrate concentration is highly sensitive to cation exchange capacity, nitrification rate, base saturation of ammonium, initial concentration of ammonium in the soil, and some of the crop growth related parameters. The calibrated model was used to evaluate scenarios related to OWS including the impacts of population growth and new development and impacts of conversion of OWS to conventional sewers. The results showed that there would be a significant increase in stream nitrate concentration with increasing population. Conversion of OWS to sewers increased stream nitrate concentration but decreased nitrate concentration in the bottom soil layer indicating that OWS are beneficial with respect to stream nitrate concentration but may increase nitrate concentrations in groundwater.
Specific Assay of Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Based on the Spectrophotometric Measurement of Product Formation

Abstract A spectrophotometric method for assaying medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is described. The assay measures at 308 nm the formation of cinnamoyl-CoA from 3-phenylpropionyl-CoA in the presence of phenazine methosulfate as electron acceptor. Apparent kinetic constants ( K m , V max ) determined with 3-phenyl-propionyl-CoA are similar to constants obtained with octanoyl-CoA, the preferred substrate of this enzyme. The assay is specific for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase because long-chain and short-chain acylCoA dehydrogenases exhibit little or no activity with 3-phenylpropionyl-CoA as substrate. Since absorbance changes at 308 nm caused by other reactions are less than 5% of the absorbance change due to cinnamoylCoA formation catalyzed by medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, the assay can be used to measure the activity of this enzyme in crude tissue homogenates. Specific activities of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase determined by use of this assay in homogenates of rat liver, heart, and leukocytes were found to be 29, 68, and 2.1 mU/mg of protein, respectively.
Ion Transport Through Excitability-Inducing Material (EIM) Channels in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

Two different methods were used to determine the relative permeability and the voltage-dependent conductance of several different cations in excitability-inducing material (EIM)-doped lipid bilayers. In one method, the conductances of individual channels were measured for Li, Na, K, Cs, NH4, and Ca, and in the other method biionic potentials of a membrane with many channels were measured for Li, Na, K, Cs, and Rb. The experimental results for the two methods are in agreement. The relative permeabilities are proportional to the ionic mobilities in free aqueous solution. The voltage dependence of the conductance is the same for all cations measured.
Asymptotically optimal cooperative wireless networks with reduced signaling complexity

This paper considers an orthogonal amplify-and-forward (OAF) protocol for cooperative relay communication over Rayleigh-fading channels in which the intermediate relays are permitted to linearly transform the received signal and where the source and relays transmit for equal time durations. The diversity-multiplexing gain (D-MG) tradeoff of the equivalent space-time channel associated to this protocol is determined and a cyclic-division-algebra-based D-MG optimal code constructed. The transmission or signaling alphabet of this code is the union of the QAM constellation and a rotated version of QAM. The size of this signaling alphabet is small in comparison with prior D-MG optimal constructions in the literature and is independent of the number of participating nodes in the network.
Simulating non-stationary congestion systems using splitting with applications to cyber security

According to the former counterterrorism czar, Richard A. Clarke (2010), our national infrastructure could be severely damaged in 15 minutes by a cyber attack. A worm attack on an Internet Protocol (IP) network is one type of attack that is possible. Such an attack would result in a non-stationary arrival process of packets on a link in the network. In this paper we present an initial use of our Optimal Splitting Technique for Rare Events (OSTRE) to simulate the congestion imposed by the worm on the link. This initial application is oriented to testing the technique in this dynamic environment and report on its use as compared with conventional simulations.
The utility of serial peak flow measurements in the acute asthmatic being treated in the ED.

Abstract Background Peak flow is used extensively in emergency departments (EDs) to both assess asthma patient's status on arrival as well as to document clinical improvement during treatment. Many algorithms suggest serial peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements during an ED stay. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the contribution of serial PEF in describing the overall improvement of asthmatics over the course of an ED visit for acute exacerbation of their asthma. Methods This was a prospective institutional review board–approved study of mild/moderate asthmatics presenting to an inner-city ED serving a large Latino population. Peak expiratory flow was measured before treatment (baseline PEF) and after each inhaled treatment (PEF post RX#1, PEF post RX#2, PEF post RX#3) while in the ED. Results One hundred consecutive patients made up this study cohort. The change from baseline PEF to PEF #1 represented 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76%-96%) of the total improvement experienced by these patients with asthma. The change from PEF post RX#1 to PEF post RX#2 represented 7.5% (95% CI, −4.2% to 26%) of the total improvement and PEF post RX#2 to PEF post RX#3 represented 8.6% (95% CI, −1% to 34%) of the total PEF improvement seen. Limitation No correlation between outcome and PEF% of predicted was made or implied. Conclusion The improvement in PEF seen after the first ED inhaled therapy appears to describe most of the total improvement seen in asthmatic patients. Subsequent PEFs provided little additional information.
Day-night differences in steady-state theophylline pharmacokinetics in asthmatic children.

Potential day-night differences of theophylline absorption and disposition were examined in day-active asthmatic children. Theophylline was given orally as TheoDur tablets and Somophyllin-CRT capsules (random crossover) every 12 hr (0700 and 1900), and patients were studied during two consecutive dosing intervals. In addition, patients were studied during the last 24 hr of a 48-hr continuous, intravenous aminophylline infusion. Serum theophylline concentrations were essentially constant during the intravenous infusion for the day and night periods. Thus, day and night clearances were nearly identical. Following oral administration of Somophyllin-CRT or TheoDur, areas under the serum concentration-time curves were greater during the day than the night, with Somophyllin-CRT yielding greater areas than TheoDur for both dosing intervals. Theophylline was absorbed more rapidly during the day than the night, as evidenced by a time to maximum concentration that occurred earlier in the daytime dosing interval. We...
A culturally-informed approach to trauma, suicidal behavior, and overt aggression in African American adolescents

Trauma is a risk factor for suicidal behaviors and overt aggression among youth. Culture is important to consider when examining the links between trauma and these types of aggression, as well as when considering the risk and protective factors (intrapersonal, social and situational, cultural, and environmental) that mediate and/or moderate these associations. Using a cultural lens, we suggest that a public health based model, referred to as the Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI), provides a useful framework for examining the linkages among trauma, various risk and protective factors, and both suicidal behaviors and overt aggression. Because African American youth are more likely to experience trauma, focused and model-driven research is needed that can unravel cultural influences on the links from trauma, suicidal behaviors, and aggression.
Identification of MoKA, a novel F-box protein that modulates Krüppel-like transcription factor 7 activity.

KLF7, a member of the Kruppel-like transcription factor family, is believed to regulate neurogenesis and cell cycle progression. Here, a yeast two-hybrid screen for KLF7 cofactors in the developing nervous system identified a novel 140-kDa protein named MoKA, for modulator of KLF7 activity. Interaction between MoKA and KLF7 was confirmed by the in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and by coimmunoprecipitation of the proteins overexpressed in mammalian cells. Functional assays documented that MoKA is a KLF7 coactivator, and in situ hybridizations identified the developing nervous system and the adult testes as two sites of MoKA and Klf7 coexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated KLF7 binding to the p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene while transient transfection assays documented KLF7 stimulation of the p21(WAF1/Cip1) proximal promoter. Additional tests revealed that distinct structural motifs of MoKA direct interaction with KLF7 and shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm of asynchronously cycling cells. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that MoKA and KLF7 interact functionally to regulate gene expression during cell differentiation and identify the cell cycle regulator p21(WAF1/Cip1) as one of the targeted genes.
Self-enforcing clientelism

Political clientelism is a dyadic relation in which a politician (the patron) gives material goods and services to a citizen (the client), in exchange for political support. If, at different stages of this relationship, both the patron and the client have incentives to defect and not honor informal agreements, what makes clientelism self-enforcing? The following paper presents a game-theoretical model of political clientelism in which a candidate disciplines a majority of voters through the promise of a future flow of benefits. A mixed strategy involving a randomized allocation of resources among constituencies makes clientelism feasible when the politician’s action is contingent on the result of the election. Higher campaign budgets and lower voter aversion towards clientelistic parties, as well as higher patience and higher heterogeneity across groups of voters, make clientelism more likely. Swing voters tend to be gifted more frequently than core supporters with this frequency increasing as group heter...
An improved CO 2 channel waveguide laser

CO 2 channel waveguide lasers have been constructed using boron nitride. This hot-pressed, smooth, easily machinable ceramic has high thermal conductivity and extremely low thermal expansion. These properties make it highly suitable for constructing compact, efficient, amplitude stable, tunable low-power lasers.
Evaluation of Ultrasonic Snow Depth Sensors for U.S. Snow Measurements

Ultrasonic snow depth sensors are examined as a low cost, automated method to perform traditional snow measurements. In collaboration with the National Weather Service, nine sites across the United States were equipped with two manufacturers of ultrasonic depth sensors: the Campbell Scientific SR-50 and the Judd Communications sensor. Following standard observing protocol, manual measurements of 6-h snowfall and total snow depth on ground were also gathered. Results show that the sensors report the depth of snow directly beneath on average within 1 cm of manual observations. However, the sensors tended to underestimate the traditional total depth of snow-on-ground measurement by approximately 2 cm. This is mainly attributed to spatial variability of the snow cover caused by factors such as wind scour and wind drift. After assessing how well the sensors represented the depth of snow on the ground, two algorithms were created to estimate the traditional measurement of 6-h snowfall from the continuous snow depth reported by the sensors. A 5-min snowfall algorithm (5MSA) and a 60-min snowfall algorithm (60MSA) were created. These simple algorithms essentially sum changes in snow depth using 5- and 60-min intervals of change and sum positive changes over the traditional 6-h observation periods after compaction routines are applied. The algorithm results were compared to manual observations of snowfall. The results indicated that the 5MSA worked best with the Campbell Scientific sensor. The Campbell sensor appears to estimate snowfall more accurately than the Judd sensor due to the difference in sensor resolution. The Judd sensor results did improve with the 60-min snowfall algorithm. This technology does appear to have potential for collecting useful and timely information on snow accumulation, but determination of snowfall to the current requirement of 0.1 in. (0.25 cm) is a difficult task.
Genome Sequences of Vibrio navarrensis, a Potential Human Pathogen

ABSTRACT Vibrio navarrensis is an aquatic bacterium recently shown to be associated with human illness. We report the first genome sequences of three V. navarrensis strains obtained from clinical and environmental sources. Preliminary analyses of the sequences reveal that V. navarrensis contains genes commonly associated with virulence in other human pathogens.
Environmental Influences on Amphibian Assemblages Across Subalpine Wet Meadows in the Klamath Mountains, California

Abstract: Many high-elevation regions in the western USA are protected public lands that remain relatively undisturbed by human impact. Over the last century, however, nonnative trout and cattle have been introduced to subalpine wetland habitats used by sensitive amphibian species. Our study compares the relative importance of cattle and trout impact on amphibian assemblages, abundance, and occupancy within a broader context of high-elevation environmental variables. We evaluated amphibian species richness and abundance across 89 subalpine wet meadow sites in the Klamath Mountains of Northern California, USA. At each wet meadow we also measured environmental characteristics including wilderness designation, elevation, meadow size, number of pools, distance to nearest lake, presence of nonnative trout, and impact of cattle. Cluster analysis found amphibian assemblages fell into three distinct groups, and ordination suggested the number of pools, elevation, and presence of nonnative trout are significant s...
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to iron deficiency: co-ordinated metabolic reprogramming by yeast mRNA-binding proteins

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker9s yeast) is an excellent model for understanding fundamental biological mechanisms that are conserved in Nature and that have an impact on human disease. The metal iron is a redox-active cofactor that plays critical biochemical roles in a broad range of functions, including oxygen transport, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, chromatin remodelling, intermediary metabolism and signalling. Although iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder on the planet, little is known about the metabolic adjustments that cells undergo in response to iron deficit and the regulatory mechanisms that allow these adaptive responses. In the present article, we summarize recent work on genome-wide metabolic reprogramming in response to iron deficiency, mediated by specific mRNA degradation mechanisms that allow S. cerevisiae cells to adapt to iron deficiency.
Coupled Monte Carlo-drift diffusion analysis of hot-electron effects in MOSFETs

A general method of calculating the substrate current for n-MOSFETs, using a two-dimensional conventional device simulator coupled with a full-band-structure Monte Carlo simulation, has been enhanced through the use of efficient estimators and statistical weighting of the high-energy electrons. The detailed physics of hot-electron effects in MOSFETs is explained on the basis of the energy distribution as a function of the spatial variables. Monte Carlo results show that the distribution function in the region of the device that makes the largest contribution to the substrate current does not fit a Maxwell-Boltzmann function. The effective cooling of the distribution, due in part to energy loss to impact ionization, is shown clearly. The results of the Monte Carlo calculation are used to evaluate the validity of the assumption of a constant mean path for inelastic scattering used in various analytic treatments. The calculated values of substrate current are compared to experimental results. >
Blessing Or Curse? Community Banks’ Use Of Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

Banks enjoyed record profitability during the nineties, as the economy grew and loan demand followed. Deposit growth did not keep pace so many banks sought alternative funding, including Federal Home Loan Bank advances which have potential risk-increasing incentives. The results show that advance-using banks operate with much higher levels of loans to assets, much lower levels of capital, and extend commitments for future lending at a greater rate than banks that do not use advances. A logistic regression finds high loans, and low deposits and equity (all as a percent of assets) are key predictors of FHLB advance use. Also, for the banks examined, there is a concentration of advance users among the banks with the lowest capital and highest levels of non-performing loans. These results offer insight for future research as well as focus for supervisory scrutiny of FHLB advance-using banks.
The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work

The article reviews two books: “The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work,” by Arlie Russell Hochschild; and “Finding Time: How Corporations, Individuals, and Families Can Benefit from New Work Practices,” by Leslie Perlow.
Practice of international collaborations in Southeast Asia

Leprosy Research Center is engaged in the international collaborative research project since 1989. The project was consists of two parts. One part is the JICA training course which has been practiced since 1989. Another part is the international collaborative research which was started in Indonesia in the year 1991. Author has participated in this project since 1998. Then, we started collaboration with various organizations including Pakistan, Vietnam, and Myanmar. The contents of the collaborative research were mainly technical assistances for leprosy diagnosis and we have trained young doctors, staff to conduct serological diagnosis and molecular biological diagnosis of leprosy. The projects between the countries were succesful. Throughout the collaboration with foreign countries, author felt strongly that one of most important things in such collaboration was better communication and relation between people having different cultural background.
Exploration of POD-galerkin techniques for developing reduced order models of the euler equations

Abstract : Investigations of relevant issues involved in developing a reduced order model (ROM) are performed for describing combustion response to specific excitations using Euler equations as a continued work from a previous studies using a reaction-advection scalar equation. The ROM is obtained by employing Galerkin's method to reduce the high-order PDEs to a lower-order ODE system by means of POD eigen-bases. For purposes of this study, a linearized version of the Euler equations is employed. The knowledge obtained from previous scalar equation studies is applied to ROM development of Euler equations. Numerical stability issues are encountered in Euler equation studies, the cause of which is narrowed down to normalization methods for vector variables. The effects of normalization methods are then further assessed in terms of the ROM characteristics and its predictive capability.
Emissions Implications of Future Natural Gas Production and Use in the U.S. and in the Rocky Mountain Region

Enhanced prospects for natural gas production raise questions about the balance of impacts on air quality, as increased emissions from production activities are considered alongside the reductions expected when natural gas is burned in place of other fossil fuels. This study explores how trends in natural gas production over the coming decades might affect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for the United States and its Rocky Mountain region. The MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) energy system optimization model is used with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s nine-region database to compare scenarios for natural gas supply and demand, constraints on the electricity generation mix, and GHG emissions fees. Through 2050, total energy system GHG emissions show little response to natural gas supply assumptions, due to offsetting changes across sectors. Policy-driven constraints or emissions fees are needed to achieve net reductions. In most scenari...
The design and application of bridge settlement monitoring systems based on ceramic capacitive micro-pressure sensor

This paper systematically introduces principle and characteristics of the bridge settlement monitoring systems based on ceramic capacitive micro-pressure sensor in terms of operating principle,structural features and technical indicators of the ceramic capacitive micro - pressure sensor.Incorporating with specific project examples with application of this system,study and analysis are carried out, showing that the system has obtained a good practical value.
Investigation on the Related Knowledge Cognition About Regulations for Controlling Smoking in Public Places Located in Changning District,Shanghai

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to understand the related knowledge cognition about regulations for controlling smoking in public places and to evaluate the effectiveness about the practice of the regulations.METHODS People randomly selected from 107 points of 16 kinds of public places in Changing District,Shanghai conducted the survey,before and after the practice of the regulations.RESULTS The practice of the measures on controlling smoking has grown.The rate of the cognition on knowledge of tobacco hazards has been from 46.6%to 68.5%,and the satisfaction from 76.1%to 91.6%.CONCLUSION The practice of "Regulations for Controlling Smoking in Public Places in Shanghai" does play an effective role.However,the study indicates we need to deeply promote the knowledge and information of controlling smoking.Emphasis is also placed on continually find some way to strengthen law enforcement.
Understanding the LGBT Communities

Nearly every lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) patient in the U.S. accesses health care at non-LGBT affiliated medical facilities. This chapter is an introduction for the busy practitioner to the unique health needs of sexual and gender minorities. Many providers are comfortable asking the question “Do you have sex with men, women, or both?”, but it is sometimes difficult to know how to translate this information into improved clinical outcomes. The art of medicine goes well beyond data gathering. To that aim, this chapter discusses LGBT history, demographics, and medical terminology. Understanding LGBT history will help providers build therapeutic alliance and better understand the relationship between minority stress and health disparities. An exploration of demographics reveals the natural variation of sexual orientation, gender expression and gender identity across all racial, religious, and socioeconomic populations that you will serve, regardless of specialty. An exploration and deconstruction of the varied terminology used by and for LGBT patients can help even experienced health care providers improve their data gathering and communication skills. It is our hope that this chapter will not only help you improve the well-being of your patients, but excite you to seek out opportunities to serve these unique, diverse, resilient communities.
Late Return of Renal Function After Correction of Chronic Obstruction

A 57-year-old man presented with renal failure secondary to bilateral interstitial nephritis and left hydronephrosis owing to a calculus in the renal pelvis, creatinine clearance being 2.4 cc per minute. Renal function did not improve after left pyelolithotomy and hemodialysis was instituted. No demonstrable change in renal function could be detected until 10 weeks postoperatively when creatinine clearance was 25 cc per minute.
Quantum Parameter Estimation With Cold Atomic Spins

Optical Faraday rotation of a detuned probe laser can be used to monitor the dynamic response of atomic hyperfine spins to time-varying magnetic fields, with minimal backaction. We present a modern formulation of broadband atomic magnetometry as an example of quantum parameter estimation, establishing important connections between abstract quantum measurement theory and concrete physical models. We discuss experimental challenges and progress in this area that sits at the interface of quantum information science and precision measurement.
Standardizing Physiologic Assessment Data to Enable Big Data Analytics

Disparate data must be represented in a common format to enable comparison across multiple institutions and facilitate Big Data science. Nursing assessments represent a rich source of information. However, a lack of agreement regarding essential concepts and standardized terminology prevent their use for Big Data science in the current state. The purpose of this study was to align a minimum set of physiological nursing assessment data elements with national standardized coding systems. Six institutions shared their 100 most common electronic health record nursing assessment data elements. From these, a set of distinct elements was mapped to nationally recognized Logical Observations Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT®) standards. We identified 137 observation names (55% new to LOINC), and 348 observation values (20% new to SNOMED CT) organized into 16 panels (72% new LOINC). This reference set can support the exchange of nursing information, facilitate multi-site research, and provide a framework for nursing data analysis.
Cataloging and classification: An introduction

Cataloging and Classification discusses the numerous factors involved in creating high-quality cataloging records. It covers not only bibliographic description (Chapters 1–9), but also subject crea...
Magnetic behavior of cobalt bromide hydrates including a deuterated form

Abstract The magnetic properties of little examined CoBr 2 •2H 2 O and new CoBr 2 •H 2 O and CoBr 2 •D 2 O are studied. Curie-Weiss fits, χ M =C/(T-θ), yield θ of −9.9, 9.4 and 10.0 K, respectively, over a 30–80 K linear range for each. Higher temperature data are fit assuming two moderately separated low lying Kramers doublets, with exchange accounted for in a mean-field approximation. Susceptibility maxima appear at 9.5, 15.4 and 15.5 K, with χ max of 0.163, 0.375 and 0.435 emu/mol, respectively. Antiferromagnetic ordering is estimated to occur at 9.0, 13.7 and 13.8 K, in the same order. The ratio T c /T max is 0.95, 0.89 and 0.89, respectively, suggesting little low dimensional magnetic character in singly hydrated systems. Data at lower temperatures for the dihydrate are fit with an antiferromagnetic 3D-Ising model. For singly hydrated systems the large size of χ max prevents this; weakened interchain antiferromagnetic interactions yield enhanced susceptibility maxima. Magnetization data exhibit field induced transitions near 13.5 kG for the dihydrate, and near 6.5 kG for singly hydrated systems with enhanced hysteresis. These transitions are interpreted as metamagnetic in nature.
A technique for the recovery of the seismic moment tensor applied to the Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake of November 1978

abstract The potential for using seismograms in a linear inversion process to recover the seismic moment tensor has been theorized for sometime. Unfortunately, practical application of the theory is difficult. Lateral variations of the Earth and imprecise knowledge of the source often severely contaminate real seismic data relative to synthetic models which must be supplied. This paper outlines an experiment which minimizes the contamination sufficiently to permit a successful inversion yet retains much of the data9s sensitivity to source parameters. Routineness of technique was maintained in data selection and preparation by an unambiguous on-line windowing of P phases from the SRO network. Duplicate preparation of the theoretical P phases assured their synchronization with the observations. A time domain weighted least-squares inversion was implemented including double couple and nondouble couple constraints. Estimates of the total variance in addition to variances of the moment tensor eigenvalues and eigenvectors were returned, forming the basis for statistical tests. Seismic moments of 1.4 ± 0.4, 2.8 ± 0.3, and 2.7 ± 0.2 × 10 27 dyne-cm were found for the Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake of November 1978, using 10 P phases in the distance ranges 20 to 120°, 25 to 120°, and 40 to 120°, respectively. Corresponding azimuth and dips of the probable slip vector are 21.5°, 11.8°; 30.3°, 9.3°; and 32.1°, 9.0°. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that unconstrained source models fit the data significantly better than a double couple. We believe an automated procedure such as this is a viable means for the routine recovery and cataloging of earthquake sources.
Distributed multi-agent convex optimization over random digraphs

In this paper, we consider an unconstrained collaborative optimization of a sum of convex functions where agents make decisions using local information in the presence of random communication topologies. We recast the problem as a minimization of the sum of convex functions over a constraint set defined as the set of fixed value points of a random operator derived from weighted matrix of a random graph. This formulation does not need the weighted matrix of the graph to be independent and identically distributed. We define a novel optimization problem which includes the formulated distributed optimization problem as a special case. We propose a discrete algorithm for converging in mean square to the solution of the optimization problem under suitable assumptions. Numerical examples illustrate the convergence of the proposed algorithms.
Evaluations of Antigay Hate Crimes and Hate Crime Legislation: Independent and Differentially Predicted

Minimal studies have investigated individuals’ evaluations of antigay hate crimes and hate crime legislation simultaneously, with most research focusing on one or the other. In a sample of 246 hete...
An exploratory study about Koreans’ attitudes towards counselling services

This mixed-method design research is an exploratory study of Korean college students’ perceptions of seeking counselling. The quantitative part of the study is a series of factor analyses of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPH) to extract culturally valid items and constructs. The qualitative part of the study is a content analysis of the written responses to an open-ended question. The factor analyses of the ATSPPH resulted in selecting 15 items and extracting three constructs: Conditional Usefulness, Fear of Judgment, and Lack of Necessity. The content analysis of the written responses derived three additional constructs, including Utilities of Counselling, Provider and Environment of Counselling, and Socio-Cultural and Practical Issues. The meaning of the findings, implications, limitations, and strengths of this study were discussed.
(Im)Morality in Political Discourse?: The Effects of Moral Psychology in Politics

Moral psychology plays a critical role in political attitude formation, behavior, and the intersection of the two. In this chapter, we review the political science and political psychology literatures that define, measure, and utilize moral reasoning to understand and explain a range of political phenomena, including mass political behavior, opinion, and elite-mass public relationships. In addition to reviewing the empirical literature, we also engage with the theoretical explanations for the role of moral reasoning in politics. Given the conclusions of scholars in these areas, we contend that moral commitments in the political arena produce the possibility for increased political conflict and polarization and potentially obstruct democratic discourse.
A randomized trial using telehealth technology to link caregivers with dementia care experts for in‐home caregiving support: FamTechCare protocol

The number of persons with dementia (PWD) in the United States is expected to reach 16 million by 2050. Due to the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, caregivers face challenging in-home care situations that lead to a range of negative health outcomes such as anxiety and depression for the caregivers and nursing home placement for PWD. Supporting Family Caregivers with Technology for Dementia Home Care (FamTechCare) is a multisite randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a telehealth intervention on caregiver well-being and PWD behavioral symptoms. The FamTechCare intervention provides individualized dementia-care strategies to in-home caregivers based on video recordings that the caregiver creates of challenging care situations. A team of dementia care experts review videos submitted by caregivers and provide interventions to improve care weekly for the experimental group. Caregivers in the control group receive feedback for improving care based on a weekly phone call with the interventionist and receive feedback on their videos at the end of the 3-month study. Using linear mixed modeling, we will compare experimental and control group outcomes (PWD behavioral symptoms and caregiver burden) after 1 and 3 months. An exploratory descriptive design will identify a typology of interventions for telehealth support for in-home dementia caregivers. Finally, the cost for FamTechCare will be determined and examined in relation to hypothesized effects on PWD behavioral symptoms, placement rates, and caregiver burden. This research will provide the foundation for future research for telehealth interventions with this population, especially for families in rural or remote locations.
Biochemical, Immunological and Functional Analysis of Lymphocytes from the LPS-Non-Responder C3H/HeJ Mouse

Since its discovery in 1968 by Sultzer (1) as a mutant mouse strain which displayed aberrant peritoneal inflammatory cell responses to endotoxin, the C3H/HeJ mouse has served as one of the dominant experimental models by which to define both in vivo and in vitro the mode of action of endotoxin. Extensive studies have documented that the phenotypic characteristic of endotoxin unresponsiveness is specific for the LPS fraction of endotoxin, and more specifically, the lipid A component (reviewed in 2). Further, the available evidence would suggest that the defect responsible for LPS/lipid A unresponsiveness may be a characteristic of all cells derived from this mouse in that lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts are all refractory to LPS stimulation (3). Genetic evidence has clearly linked this mutation to a locus on chromosome 4. This locus appears to be codominantly expressed and LPS unresponsiveness is inherited as a single gene trait in the appropriate F2 backcrosses (5).
Computational/Experimental Basis for Conducting Alkane Droplet Combustion Experiments on Space-Based-Platforms

Recent advances in the understanding of droplet combustion clearly illustrate the serious experimental constraints imposed by the diagnostic capabilities and the short observation times available in current drop tower facilities. In this paper, the need for conducting spherically symmetric droplet combustion experiments on space-platforms is discussed and further analyzed utilizing a recently developed time dependent computational droplet combustion model that permits the incorporation of time and temperature dependent transport characteristics and complex combustion kinetics. A method first demonstrated for methanol droplet combustion, including full detailed elementary combustion kinetics, is applied with semi-empirical kinetics to estimate the combustion properties of n-heptane droplets for various pressures, oxygen indices, and diluents. Based upon the calculations, particularly for droplet extinction phenomena, results suggest two different regimes of behavior. At low oxygen indices, droplet burning extinction becomes a very strong function of oxygen index (strongly affected by kinetics), while at higher oxygen indices, it becomes a more weak function of oxygen index and in fact is more difficult to determine. The oxygen index separating the ranges over which these different characteristics are noted is dependent on the diluent chosen, being higher for helium, and lower for nitrogen.