cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nutrition of the Crustacea.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the existing status of knowledge regarding the nutrition of the Crustacean and some of the attractive possibilities that exist for further extensive study in this area. The numerous edible crustaceans, because of their tremendous economic importance, present continual problems in population nutrition because of the recurrent threats, which occur to their own populations. Many larger food fishes depend upon crustaceans to a considerable degree for their nutrition, and the importance of the smaller crustaceans in general ecological problems has probably never been adequately assessed. Despite these well-recognized facts, there is at present only a very limited effort being put forth on crustacean physiology. The numerous practical difficulties that have been encountered in the culture of the larger aquatic crustaceans under controlled conditions are so great as largely to preclude the use of these animals as objects of detailed nutritional experiments. The Cladocera represents the highest form of animal life that can be conveniently cultured in aqueous media under sterile conditions, and therefore present an interesting challenge to nutritional research.
55Mn NQR and infrared intensities of the carbonyl stretching vibrations in group V and olefin derivatives of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl

Abstract Carbonyl IR intensity and 55Mn NQR measurements are reported for a series of olefin and Group V donor atom derivatives of C5H5Mn(CO)3. The ratio of infrared intensities of the symmetric and antisymmetric carbonyl stretching vibrations for most compounds are rather insensitive to changes in the donor ligand which suggests that the π-bonded ring acts as a buffer of the vibronic contributions that the ligand can make to the CO groups. This observation is consistent with previous results on C5H5Fe(CO)2L and Co(CO)2(NO)L systems. A simple MO calculation is presented for compounds of the type cis-X3M(CO)2L which further supports this explanation. Details of the individual shifts in the intensity data are also presented. 55Mn NQR data for the Group V donor derivatives reveal that the ν(± 5 2 ⇄ ± 3 2 ) transition frequency parallels what is conventionally accepted as the trend in σ-donor ability and π-acceptor ability of the ligands. Within the olefin series the trend in the electric field gradient asymmetry parameter at manganese parallels the ring strain of the olefin.
Serum Concentrations of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predict Progressively Obstructive Lesions Rather Than Late Restenosis in Patients With Unstable Angina Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting

Background The present study tested the hypothesis that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations might show significant serial changes in patients with unstable angina (UAP), and that elevation of hs-CRP might indicate a progressively obstructive lesion, rather than late restenosis in such patients undergoing coronary stenting. Methods and Results Serum concentrations of hs-CRP in 168 patients with UAP undergoing coronary stenting for a new obstructive lesion were prospectively measured (pre-procedure, and on days 21, 90, and 180 post-procedure). The hs-CRP concentrations were also evaluated in 30 at-risk controls and 50 healthy volunteers. Moderately obstructive lesions of non-culprit vessels (defined as ≥50-69% stenosis) that were not treated by coronary angioplasty were found in 107 (63.7%) patients. The hs-CRP concentration was significantly higher at pre-procedure in the study patients than in the controls and healthy volunteers (all p-values 0.1) did not differ between restenotic and non-restenotic patients. However, at pre-procedure or on day 180, the concentration of hs-CRP was independently associated with progressively obstructive lesions of non-culprit vessels that required coronary angioplasty (both p-values <0.05). Conclusion The hs-CRP concentration was significantly higher at pre-procedure and declined substantially thereafter in patients with UAP following coronary stenting. There was no evidence of a positive association between an elevated hs-CRP concentration and late restenosis. However, both the pre-procedure and day 180 concentrations of hs-CRP were strongly associated with the progression of moderately obstructive lesions in non-culprit vessels. (Circ J 2005; 69: 1202 -1207)
Photoelastic analysis of interlaminar matrix stresses in fibrous composite models

Scattered-light methods are presented for analysis of interlaminar matrix stresses between the fiber layers of composite models. These include data-smoothing techniques and a least-squares solution to utilize the excess information available. Applications are given to determine all stress components in the matrix of a two-layer model and to determine the interlaminar shear stress in the matrix of a four-layer model. The results indicate that matrix stress magnitudes are a function of proximity to the fibers and that they are significantly higher than composite stresses obtained using mathematical models.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone

Study of the complex anatomy and pathology of the temporal bone has traditionally used microscopy which permits analysis in only two dimensions. Recent advances in bioimaging technology have permitted visualization and reconstruction of computed tomography images in three dimensions. We have developed a technique that applies this technology in the imaging and reconstruction of human temporal bones. Data taken from serial histologic sections of the temporal bone are entered into a computer. The sections are edited and, through the use of specially developed software, a realistic three-dimensional reconstruction is produced. The reconstructed image can be rotated along any of three axes, and structures within the temporal bone can be isolated for more detailed analysis. Applications for the study of pathologic conditions of the temporal bone will be discussed.
SNAT Expression in Rat Placenta

Amino acid transport System A (SysA) activity is present within the rodent and human placentas. Inhibition of this transport system is associated with fetal growth retardation. Several cDNAs encoding SysA transport proteins have been discovered, and their presence documented within the human placenta. We have demonstrated the presence of mRNA encoding three of these transporters, SNAT1, 2, and 4 within the rat placenta over the final third of gestation. Abundance of these mRNA species increases from day 14 to day 20 of gestation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates the presence of SNAT1 and 2 within the placental labyrinth at both days 14 and 20. Transport proteins are also present within marginal giant cells and, for SNAT1, within fetal endothelium. In conclusion, several proteins capable of SysA transport activity are present within the rodent placenta. mRNA expression increases over the final third of gestation, coincident with the period of greatest need for fetal amino acid delivery.
Assembly of Myotendinous Junctions in the Chick Embryo: Deposition of P68 Is an Early Event in Myotendinous Junction Formation

Abstract Myotendinous junctions (MTJs) are specialized sites at the surface of muscle fibers where force is transmitted between muscle and tendon. Morphogenesis of MTJs in the latter half of embryonic chick development is characterized by formation of basement membrane, appearance of subsarcolemmal densities, association of myofibrils with the membrane, and then membrane folding. In the present investigation, the time of appearance of proteins involved in force transmission at MTJs is compared to those previously described structural specializations occurring during MTJ development. In addition, P68, a recently discovered collagen-binding protein that is shown to be identical or closely related to laminin-binding lectin is also demonstrated at MTJs, and an improved technique for P68 purification is presented. P68 accumulates on the surface of collagen fibers that lie near the ends of myotubes in chick hindlimb muscle prior to the appearance of ultrastructurally discernible basement membrane. At Day 10, the stage when MTJ basement membrane is first discernible by electron microscopy, laminin and the β1 subunit of integrin are detectable at the MTJ. At this stage, laminin distribution coincides with P68 distribution and no laminin is detectable at sites other than the forming MTJs. Fibronectin is detectable at the MTJ at Day 12, but is not enriched at the MTJ relative to other sites on the myotubes. At Day 13, the stage at which subsarcolemmal densities first appear, talin is demonstrable at the MTJ and fibronectin concentration at the MTJ is enriched. Collagen type IV cannot be discerned at the MTJ until Day 15. Thus, the earliest demonstrable specializations at sites of MTJ formation are: (1) the appearance of P68 on collagen fibers that lie at the ends of myotubes, which occurs prior to ultrastructurally discernible specializations at the MTJ and (2) the accumulation of laminin at the MTJ with a distribution identical to that of P68 at the stage of MTJ formation in which basement membrane first appears. These findings indicate that P68 and laminin may mediate early events in MTJ assembly.
The Need for a Wholistic Design Approach when using Gallium Arsenide Technology

The emerging Gallium Arsenide digital integrated circuit technology is rapidly becoming well enough established that designers of signal and data processors are planning its incorporation into advanced computational engines of all types. An examination of the characteristics of present and future generation GaAs integrated circuits indicates that they will emphasize moderate on-chip gate counts and high gate speeds. Complete advantage can be taken of GaAs digital technology only if traditional signal processor architectures are completely recast at the memory layout, logic design, arithmetic implementation, and system architecture levels, and if these issues are considered in combination with system, logic board, and chip layout and packaging constraints in a single integrated approach.
An epidemiological assessment of reintegration and behavioral health risk at Joint Base Lewis-McCord, Washington

ABSTRACT Soldiers from a brigade at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, were alleged to have committed numerous crimes, including murder of civilians, during a recent deployment. This study was done to assist the command with (1) analyzing the climate and challenges facing redeploying Soldiers; (2) assessing behavioral risk at both individual and unit levels through targeted reintegration screening; and (3) recommending mitigating strategies to enhance current reintegration processes and reduce the level of high-risk behavior among Soldiers following deployment. The findings from this public health investigation suggest levels of risk and major areas of concern during the redeployment period varied across battalions within the brigade and that risk stratification postdeployment was not correlated with discernible differences in predeployment indicators. Acts of violence were limited to the deployment and immediate postdeployment periods and were allegedly perpetrated by a very small number of Soldiers.
An approach to multidimensional data array processing by computer

Some recent work on the development of general-purpose computer-based statistical and data processing capabilities for handling multidimensional arrays of data is presented. Attention is first given to some of the general problems of multidimensional table and array processing. This is followed by a summary of some recent developments in array processing capabilities at the World Bank, in particular, the system identified as WRAPS (World Bank Retrieval and Array Processing System).
Intralesional therapy for advanced melanoma: promise and limitation.

Purpose of review Patients with unresectable, multiple or advanced locally/regionally metastatic stage IIIB/C or stage IV M1a melanoma have a high risk for recurrence, progression and metastasis. The article reviews treatment advances for this population.
Direct and crossover PCR amplification to facilitate Tn5supF-based sequencing of λ phage clones

The 264 bp mini-transposon Tn5supF was constructed to sequence DNAs cloned in phage lambda without extensive shotgun subcloning or primer walking. Unique sequences near each transposon end serve as primer binding sites, and a supF gene is used to select transposition to lambda. We describe here PCR methods that facilitate Tn5supF-based sequencing. In a first pass, insertions are mapped relative to the ends of the cloned fragment using pairs of primers specific for vector DNA next to the cloning site and for a Tn5supF end. Most insertions not mapped in this step are near the center of the cloned fragment or in the vector arms, and are then mapped relative to the two innermost insertions by 'crossover' PCR. This involves amplification from primers on different DNA molecules, and generates hybrid DNA products whose lengths correspond to the distances between the two insertions. We routinely amplified more than 6 kb in direct PCR and 3 kb in crossover PCR; at the limit we amplified up to approximately 10 kb in direct PCR and approximately 6 kb in crossover PCR, but not reproducibly. Crossover PCR products were also obtained with insertions separated by only 200 bp, indicating that no rare sites are needed to switch templates. PCR products were purified by adsorption and then elution from glass slurry, and sequenced directly. Ladders of more than 400 bp were obtained from primer sites on each DNA strand; 2 kb was read from crossover PCR products, and showed that they were amplified with fidelity. In conclusion, direct and crossover PCR methods expedite transposon insertion mapping, and yield templates for accurate sequencing of both DNA strands.
Absence of Fresnel’s “Most Useful Effect” in the Hyperbolic Reflector

In Fresnel’s analysis of the parabolic reflector, considering finite size of source he defined a quantity he called the useful effect. The present paper applies Fresnel’s test to the hyperbolic reflector. It is shown mathematically that for the hyperbola the useful effect reaches no maximum except for degenerate cases.
Threshold voltage degradation in plasma damaged cmos transistors - role of electron and hole traps related to charging damage

The paper presents results of study of threshold voltage (VT) degradation in CMOS transistors damaged by high-field charging. Fowler-Nordheim stress induced VT degradation in devices with latent charging damage due to plasma processing was found to be strongly dependent on device type and diagnostic stress conditions. "Direct" and "reverse" antenna effect for NMOS, and anomalous behavior of PMOS devices are explained with polarity dependent trapping and the model includes generation of hole traps, an effect not considered previously.
A theoretical model for flow boiling CHF from short concave heaters

Experiments were performed to enable the development of a new theoretical mode for the enhancement in CHF commonly observed with flow boiling on concave heater as compared to straight heaters. High-speed video imaging and photomicrography were employed to capture the trigger mechanism for CHF each type heater. A wavy vapor layer was observed to engulf the heater surface in each case, permitting liquid access to the surface only in regions where depressions (troughs) in the liquid vapor interface made contact with the surface. CHF in each case occurred when the pressure force exerted upon the wavy vapor-liquid inter ace in the contact region could no longer overcome the momentum of the vapor produced in these regional. Shorter interfacial wavelengths with greater curvature were measured on the curve, heater than on the straight heater, promoting a greater pressure force on the wave interface and a corresponding increase in CHF for the curved heater. A theoretics. CHF model is developed from these observations, based upon a new theory for hydrodynamic instability, along a curved interface. CHF data are predicted with good accuracy for both heaters. 23 refs., 9 figs.
Adult Cancer Clinical Trials That Fail to Complete: An Epidemic?

The number and diversity of cancer therapeutics in the pipeline has increased over the past decade due to an enhanced understanding of cancer biology and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. At the same time, the cost of bringing new drugs to market and the regulatory burdens associated with clinical drug development have progressively increased. The finite number of eligible patients and limited financial resources available to evaluate promising new therapeutics represent rate-limiting factors in the effort to translate preclinical discoveries into the next generation of standard therapeutic approaches. Optimal use of resources requires understanding and ultimately addressing inefficiencies in the cancer clinical trials system. Prior analyses have demonstrated that a large proportion of trials initiated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cooperative Group system are never completed. While NCI Cooperative Group trials are important, they represent only a small proportion of all cancer clinical trials performed. Herein, we explore the problem of cancer clinical trials that fail to complete within the broader cancer clinical trials enterprise. Among 7776 phase II-III adult cancer clinical trials initiated between 2005-2011, we found a seven-year cumulative incidence of failure to complete of approximately 20% (95% confidence interval = 18% to 22%). Nearly 48000 patients were enrolled in trials that failed to complete. These trials likely contribute little to the scientific knowledge base, divert resources and patients from answering other critical questions, and represent a barrier to progress.
A simple, reliable model of the bending mode of water☆

Abstract A simple, reliable model of the bending mode vibration of the water molecule based on the Morse oscillator is presented. The model yields accurate predictions of the rotation—vibration level structure in the various ν 2 bands as well as the geometric structure of the ground state.
Combined Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-AGE Drug Treatments Have a Protective Effect on Intervertebral Discs in Mice with Diabetes

Objective Diabetes and low back pain are debilitating diseases and modern epidemics. Diabetes and obesity are also highly correlated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and back pain. Advanced-glycation-end-products (AGEs) increase reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) and inflammation, and are one cause for early development of diabetes mellitus. We hypothesize that diabetes results in accumulation of AGEs in spines and associated spinal pathology via increased catabolism. We present a mouse model showing that: 1) diabetes induces pathological changes to structure and composition of IVDs and vertebrae; 2) diabetes is associated with accumulation of AGEs, TNFα, and increased catabolism spinal structures; and 3) oral-treatments with a combination of anti-inflammatory and anti-AGE drugs mitigate these diabetes-induced degenerative changes to the spine. Methods Three age-matched groups of ROP-Os mice were compared: non-diabetic, diabetic (streptozotocin (STZ)-induced), or diabetic mice treated with pentosan-polysulfate (anti-inflammatory) and pyridoxamine (AGE-inhibitor). Mice were euthanized and vertebra-IVD segments were analyzed by μCT, histology and Immunohistochemistry. Results Diabetic mice exhibited several pathological changes including loss in IVD height, decreased vertebral bone mass, decreased glycosaminoglycan content and morphologically altered IVDs with focal deposition of tissues highly expressing TNFα, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5. Accumulation of larger amounts of methylglyoxal suggested that AGE accumulation was associated with these diabetic degenerative changes. However, treatment prevented or reduced these pathological effects on vertebrae and IVD. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate specific degenerative changes to nucleus pulposus (NP) morphology and their association with AGE accumulation in a diabetic mouse model. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that oral-treatments can inhibit AGE-induced ROS and inflammation in spinal structures and provide a potential treatment to slow progression of degenerative spine changes in diabetes. Since diabetes, IVD degeneration, and accumulation of AGEs are frequent consequences of aging, early treatments to reduce AGE-induced ROS and Inflammation may have broad public-health implications.
“The Most Beautiful Suffragette“: Inez Milholland and the Political Currency of Beauty

This article examines the role of beauty and image in the U.S. suffrage movement. It focuses specifically on Inez Milholland and on how she and the movement capitalized on her extraordinary beauty and used her image and media popularity to present an icon for the movement, thereby softening and making acceptable the spectacle of women in public spaces and political matters. Milholland provided the movement with a representation that undermined the association of female political participation with masculine women and gender transgression. She provided a constructed model of acceptable white femininity, one that answered the anti-suffrage movement's accusations that suffragists were masculine women, inverts, and “abnormal” women whose lobbying for the vote was proof of their wretched state. Milholland thereby helped to bring women into the movement who might fear the taint of masculinity and gender transgression.
Security Vulnerabilities in the Same-Origin Policy: Implications and Alternatives

The same-origin policy, a fundamental security mechanism within Web browsers, overly restricts Web application development while creating an ever-growing list of security holes, reinforcing the argument that the SOP is not an appropriate security model.
Target-Specific Suppression of GABA Release from Parvalbumin-Interneurons in the Basolateral Amygdala by Dopamine

Dopamine (DA) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) promotes fear learning by disinhibiting principal neurons (PNs) and enabling synaptic plasticity in their sensory inputs. While BLA interneurons (INs) are heterogeneous, it is unclear which interneuron subtypes decrease GABAergic input to PNs in the presence of DA. Here, using cell type-selective photostimulation by channelrhodopsin 2 in BLA slices from mouse brain, we examined the role of parvalbumin-positive INs (PV-INs), the major interneuronal subpopulation in BLA, in the disinhibitory effect of DA. We found that DA selectively suppressed GABAergic transmission from PV-INs to PNs by acting on presynaptic D2 receptors, and this effect was mimicked by Rp-cAMP, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent signaling. In contrast, DA did not alter GABA release from PV-INs to INs. Furthermore, neither suppressing cAMP-dependent signaling by Rp-cAMP nor enhancing it by forskolin altered GABA release from PV-INs to BLA INs. Overall, DA disinhibits BLA, at least in part, by suppressing GABA release from PV-INs in the target cell-specific manner that results from differential control of this release by cAMP-dependent signaling.
THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL DISSONANCE ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL‐BEING: THE IMPORTANCE OF ROLE INTERNALISATION AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE

Over the last ten years, increasing attention has been given to employees' displays of emotions to customers during service transactions and particularly to how organisations try to control these emotional displays (Adelmann, 1989; Ashforth & Humphrey, 1993; Hochschild, 1983; Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987, 1989; Wharton & Erickson, 1993). The act of expressing organisationally‐desired emotions during service interactions has been labelled emotional labour (Ashforth & Humphrey, 1993; Hochschild, 1983). The issue in emotional labour research which has received the most focus has been “emotional dissonance”, that is, the state of discomfort generated in employees when they have to express emotions which they do not genuinely feel (Middleton, 1989). In large part, this attention to emotional dissonance has been based on the potential negative consequences that emotional dissonance can have for workers psychological well being (Hochschild, 1983; Erickson, 1991; Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987; Wharton, 1993). This study seeks...
Making Undergraduate Geoscience Quantitative

Modern geoscience uses equations, models, and numbers in conjunction with observations, maps, and words as fundamental tools for investigating Earth. Yet the U.S. public persists in viewing the study of Earth processes as highly qualitative and, in many states, as a remedial science course that is not accepted as appropriate preparation for admission to U.S. colleges and universities. Geoscience teachers and faculty are working to change this perception by increasing the quantitative content of the geoscience curriculum. From the most mathematical of senior theses to the most basic of introductory courses, geoscience instructors can make these courses more reflective of the full range of tools used in the geosciences by including the quantitative content and methods that pervade geoscience. In addition to being provided with a more realistic perception of our science, college students whose major study is the Earth sciences will be better prepared for geoscience careers and all of our students will be more quantitatively literate.
Atmospheric contamination of archaeological monuments in the Agra region (India)

Abstract An analysis of water-soluble samples collected from marble and sandstone of monuments for different ions have been done. The combustion, manufacturing and other polluting operations existing within Agra area have been investigated. The measurements of flue gases amounting to 3.63 × 10 9 S.C.F. indicate atmospheric contamination and deterioration of archaeological monuments of Agra. It has been found that the principal sources of air contamination are the 325 iron foundries and 3 railway shunting yards located within 0.3 to 3.0 Km. of the main monuments. The topographical and micrometeorological conditions of the city have tended to favour and aggravate the concentration of effluents in the surrounding air of the monuments. The annual average existing level of SO 2 ranges from 16 to 20 micrograms/m 3 . The seasonal distribution of SO 2 and suspended particulate matter in the air at Taj Mahal, Red Fort and Sikandra have been discussed and illustrated. It has been observed that there is substantial sulphur dioxide contamination existing at Agra. The maximum concentration of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − amounting 0.46 and 0.38 respectively by weight percentage found existing at Red Fort cause efflorescences of sandstone.
Transverse spin asymmetries for W-production in proton–proton collisions

Abstract We study parity-even and parity-odd polarization observables for the process p p → l ± X , where the lepton comes from the decay of a W-boson. By using the collinear twist-3 factorization approach, we consider the case when one proton is transversely polarized, while the other is either unpolarized or longitudinally polarized. These observables give access to two particular quark–gluon–quark correlation functions, which have a direct relation to transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. We present numerical estimates for RHIC kinematics. Measuring, for instance, the parity-even transverse single spin correlation would provide a crucial test of our current understanding of single spin asymmetries in the framework of QCD.
Debye Series Analysis of Scattering of a Plane Wave by a Spherical Bragg Grating

The Debye series decomposition of the partial-wave scattering amplitudes of a multilayer sphere is derived. The partial-wave transmission and reflection terms appearing in the Debye series are multiple-scattering amplitudes written in terms of four basic quantities and combined together layer by layer in an identical way. The resulting expressions are then used to calculate the scattered intensity of a spherical Bragg grating covering a dielectric core particle and to analyze a number of new structures appearing in the scattered intensity.
Characteristic Variation of Sco X-1

Rao, Rao and Jayanthi1 have published results of their autocorrelation analysis of the optical photometry of Sco X-1, which they claim show a clear periodicity of about 3.0 h. They treated individual nights separately, finding respective periods of 4.43, 3.07, 2.04, 3.25, 3.00 and 0.96 h on six of the longer runs available. It seems that one should be able to say little about periodicities of the order of three hours when continuous coverage of at most eight hours is at hand, when the correlation coefficients are not very significant, and when the periods for only three of the six nights are close to three hours. Regardless, however, of opinions as to whether any significance should be attached to their analysis, we wish to point out that a much more profitable approach to studying the photometry of Sco X-1 is afforded by a simple inspection of the time variation. Suppose, for the moment, that the brightness changes of Sco X-1 were nearly random but that at irregular intervals a characteristic variation were to appear for, say, a few hours. Such a variation would not be periodic and should not lead to significant periodic terms in a power spectral analysis of a long continuous sample, but it could be the signature of a physical process which, although happening at unpredictable times, behaves in a characteristic way each time that it does occur. Furthermore, in a restricted data sample, such as we have at our disposal from the published photometry, such a characteristic variation could mimic a weak periodicity without, of course, having any obligation to continue being periodic during the gaps in the observations.
The antecedents of supply chain agility of a firm: Scale development and model testing

Abstract In a constantly changing global competitive environment, an organization's supply chain agility directly impacts its ability to produce, and deliver innovative products to their customers in a timely and cost effective manner. While the beneficial impact of supply chain agility is generally acknowledged, very little research exists to date addressing how an organization can achieve supply chain agility. This study first presents a framework of an organization's supply chain process flexibilities as an important antecedent of its supply chain agility, and then establishes the key factors that determine the flexibility attributes of the three critical processes of the supply chain—procurement/sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution/logistics. Using empirical data, we develop flexibility and agility scales related to our supply chain agility model, and then test the model. Findings reveal that supply chain agility of a firm is directly and positively impacted by the degree of flexibility present in the manufacturing and procurement/sourcing processes of the supply chain; while it is indirectly impacted by the level of flexibility within its distribution/logistics process. The results also support our view that a firm's supply chain agility is impacted by the synergy among the three process flexibilities in its internal supply chain.
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulate the proliferation of interleukin-3 dependent cells

To determine whether activation of protein kinase C is involved in the proliferation of interleukin-3 (IL-3) -dependent cells, we examined the effect of tumor-promoting phorbol esters on the in vitro proliferation of the IL-3-dependent cell lines FD and DA-1. The viability of FD and DA-1 cells cultured for 24 hours in 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 10% FCS was similar to that of cells cultured in 25% WEHI-3 conditioned medium as a source of IL-3, and 10% FCS. FD cells failed to proliferate in concentrations of FCS of up to 50%, while DA-1 cell proliferation was not markedly influenced by FCS. By contrast, PMA promoted the proliferation of FD and DA-1 cells in the absence of FCS and enhanced their proliferation in the presence of 10% FCS, 60- and 20-fold, respectively. Stimulation of proliferation was achieved with as little as 10 nM PMA and was maximal at 100 nM PMA. Low concentrations (0.05-0.1%) of WEHI-3 CM promoted the proliferative response of FD and DA-1 cells to PMA, but at concentrations of WEHI-3 CM greater than 0.8%, no further increment in proliferation was obtained with PMA. As little as 1/2 hour of exposure to phorbol esters was sufficient to cause translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membranes of DA-1 cells, and 1 hour of exposure to phorbol esters was sufficient to stimulate DNA synthesis. A protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, at a concentration of 10 microM inhibited phorbol ester-induced stimulation of DA-1 cell proliferation. When DA-1 cells were exposed to the calcium ionophore A23187 in addition to both a phorbol ester and IL-3, their proliferation was enhanced over that stimulated by only the phorbol ester and IL-3. The data indicate that stimulation of proliferation of IL-3-dependent cells involves the activation of protein kinase C.
Do Main Chain Hydrogen Bonds Create Dominant Electron Transfer Pathways? An Investigation in Designed Proteins†

We have investigated the contribution of main chain hydrogen bond (H-bond) pathways to the tunneling matrix elements which control electron transfer (ET) rates across an α-helical protein matrix. The paradigm system for these investigations is a metal ion-assembled parallel three-helix bundle protein that contains a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridyl) electron donor and a ruthenium(III) pentammine electron acceptor separated by a direct metal to metal distance of ca. 19 A, requiring tunneling through 15 A of α-helical peptide. The putative ET pathway was modulated by a synthetic strategy in which specific main chain amide moieties along an α-helix were replaced by ester linkages that cannot form equivalent H-bonds. A simple pathway analysis implies a role for such H-bonds in facilitating electron transfer. Within the accuracy of the computational predictions, specific H-bonded pathway models do not predict the differences in the measured ET rates between the parent construct and the different H-bond deletion variants.
Prevention factors for suicide ideation among abused pre/early adolescent youths

Suicide ideation is a problem among youths who have been previously abused. This study assesses whether three factors (ie, feeling connected to school, having parents who reward good behaviour, and feeling able to cope with peer conflict) are negatively associated with suicidal ideation for 2598 pre/early adolescents with various levels of prior abuse. For the entire youth population, those who reported all three factors were less than half as likely to have suicidal thoughts as those who did not report any of these factors (10.8% vs 30.3%, p
Playing Nice: Modeling Civility in Online Political Discussions

This article explores a way to promote civility in online political discussions through modeling behaviors. An online experiment (N = 130) was conducted to investigate the influence of civil and uncivil political discourse on participants’ mode of discussion and participatory intentions. Results show that those who were exposed to civil discussion demonstrated a civil mode of discourse in their own comments and reported a higher level of willingness to participate in discussions, compared to those who were exposed to uncivil discussion. This study illuminates the possibility that civil participants may have more control over the online environment than they think.
Digital initiatives and metadata use in Thailand

Purpose – This paper aims to provide information about various digital initiatives in libraries in Thailand and especially use of Dublin Core metadata in cataloguing digitized objects in academic and government digital databases. Design/methodology/approach – The author began researching metadata use in Thailand in 2003 and 2004 while on sabbatical from the University of Vermont. A small number of government libraries were in the process of building up their digital databases. These were identified from a survey conducted by the author at that time. The author continues to monitor the development of digital initiatives and has identified several new digital initiatives created by academic institutions since then. The digital initiatives operated by Thai government agencies and academic institutions that existed in 2007 are presented, along with one example of a metadata record randomly selected from each of these projects. These examples illustrate Dublin Core metadata use and cataloguing practice employe...
Activation of UbcH5c~Ub is the result of a shift in interdomain motions of the conjugate bound to U-box E3 ligase E4B.

Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin is mediated by dynamic multienzyme machinery (E1, E2, and E3). E3 ubiquitin ligases play a key role acting as both scaffolds to bring reactants together and activators to catalyze ubiquitin (Ub) transfer from E2∼Ub conjugates to substrates. Our recent studies provided insights into the mechanism of the activation event; binding of an E3 to an E2∼Ub conjugate was found to affect the motions of E2∼Ub and allosterically stimulate Ub transfer. This proposed mechanism implies that the dynamics of the conjugate, which has been shown to occupy a wide range of E2∼Ub orientations, will be altered significantly upon binding of E3. To directly assess the effect of E3 binding on E2∼Ub dynamics, we undertook an in-depth comparative analysis of 15N nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation of UbcH5c∼Ub in the absence and presence of the E3 ligase, E4B. Challenges encountered in deciphering interdomain motions for this ternary complex are discussed along with the li...
High-resolution BOLD fMRI measurements of local orientation-dependent contextual modulation show a mismatch between predicted V1 output and local BOLD response

The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI response to suppressive neural activity has not been tested on a fine spatial scale. Using Gabor patches placed in the near periphery, we precisely localized individual regions of interest in primary visual cortex and measured the response at a range of contrasts in two different contexts: with parallel and with orthogonal flanking Gabor patches. Psychophysical measurements confirmed strong suppression of the target Gabor response when flanked by parallel Gabors. However, the BOLD response to the target with parallel flankers decreased as the target contrast increased, which contradicts psychophysical estimates of local neural activity.
Nonlinear intersubband optical absorption in a semiconductor quantum well

The third-order nonlinear intersubband absorption in a semiconductor quantum well is studied theoretically using the density matrix formalism including intrasubband relaxation. It is shown that the peak absorption is reduced by half for an optical intensity 1 MW/sq cm for the well size L = 126.5 A with 3.0 x 10 to the 16th/cu cm electrons.
An Experimental Study Using the Ophthalm-O-Graph and Metron-O-Scope in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reading Defects

(1941). An Experimental Study Using the Ophthalm-O-Graph and Metron-O-Scope in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reading Defects. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 307-334.
Many different levels of maturation and commitment are present in nontransformed cells identified serologically as pre-B cells.

Abstract The pre-B cell stage of B lymphocyte development is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype in the cytoplasm and no other heavy or light chains in the cytoplasm or on the surface. We established several cell lines that were identical in their serologically defined pre-B cell phenotypes and in their dependence upon interleukin 3 for growth, but which differed in their levels of cytoplasmic RNA from immunoglobulin constant region genes, in their rates of differentiation in vitro , and in the isotype profile of the antibodies that they secreted upon differentiation. The two cell lines that we have analyzed in detail, PF1 and PF1C, both contained RNA from the cμ and Cδ heavy chain genes and from both the cκ and Cλ light chain genes, even though they were not producing detectable polypeptide products from the Cδ, Cκ, or Cλ genes. However, PF1C had higher levels of Cγ and Cα RNA transcripts and differentiated in vitro under the influence of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (DC-T) more rapidly than did PF1. If the DC-T were derived from spleens, all cell lines secreted only IgM. However, under the influence of DC-T from Peyer's patches PF1C secreted predominantly IgM, PF1 secreted primarily IgA, and a third line, PF3, secreted primarily IgG. Therefore, within the population of cells described as pre-B cells on the basis of their immunoglobulin gene polypeptide products, there are subpopulations that probably represent different levels of maturation and different levels of commitment to particular pathways of B lymphocyte development.
Personality and absenteeism: a meta-analysis of integrity tests

Until recently, research focus has been on a variety of demographic, attitudinal, and organizational variables in predicting and explaining absenteeism. If personality traits predict absenteeism, then it may be possible to use measures of these traits to identify and select job applicants and thereby reduce absenteeism rates. In this research, our goal was to examine whether integrity tests could be used to predict absenteeism. Meta-analysis was applied to studies of the validity of pre-employment integrity tests for predicting voluntary absenteeism. Twenty-eight studies based on a total sample of 13972 were meta-analysed. The estimated mean predictive validity of personality-based integrity tests was 0.33. This operational validity generalized across various predictor scales, organizations, settings, and jobs (SD ¼0.00). Overt integrity tests, however, showed much lower predictive validity for absenteeism and greater variability than personality-based tests ( ¼0.09; SD ¼0.16). The results indicate that a personnel selection approach to reducing absenteeism in organizations may be a useful strategy, particularly if personality-based integrity tests are utilized. Potential explanations for differences between these results and those found for Big Five measures of personality are offered. Future research investigating models of absenteeism should incorporate the personality constructs assessed by integrity tests. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and molecular analysis of spontaneous respiratory deficient (res-) mutants of Escherichia coli K-12.

Respiratory deficient (res−) mutants of E. coli are slow growing micro-colonial, anaerobic, catalase and benzidine negative strains whose broad phenotypic alteration may result from pleiotropic mutations in genes of the hemin biosynthetic pathway. They are easily recovered from platings of sensitive cells on concentrations of gentamicin higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration. These mutants show a dramatic change in their biochemical diagnostic profile resulting primarily from deficiencies in the active transport mechanisms of the cell. Using well-marked F− and Hfr strains, 157 mutants were analyzed from 3 different parent strains; all but 2 resulted from mutations in 3 loci of the hemin biosynthetic pathway. Of these a marked skew to hemB− mutations was seen, with more than 80% mapping there. The possibility that this hot spot resulted from transpositional activity was tested by Southern hybridization of EcoRI digests of the chromosomal DNA, using as a probe, a 2.8-kb fragment containing the hemB gene. The WT and other hemB+ control strains contained a 14.6-kb fragment. Of 18 hemB strains tested, 14 showed deletion and insertion mutations which fell into four classes based on the variation in the size of the fragment or on the absence of hybridization. The latter resulted from complete deletion of the hemB gene. An increase in fragment size from 1.5-kb to 3.4-kb was observed in some of the strains.
The occurrence rate of flux transfer events

When the interplanetary magnetic field is southward the component of the magnetic field normal to the magnetopause undergoes a characteristic bipolar oscillation that has been interpreted in terms of spatially and temporally limited reconnection and the subsequent transfer of magnetic flux to the magnetotail. These events have been called flux transfer events or FTEs. They can be detected over about 50% of the magnetopause when the IMF is southward. Bipolar signatures (normal FTEs) that are first outward and then inward are observed to move northward. Bipolar signatures (reverse FTEs) that are first inward and then outward are observed to move southward. Normal FTEs are predominantly, but not exclusively, found north of the magnetic equator; reverse FTEs south of the equator. These disturbances occur both in the magnetosphere and the magnetosheath and can only be interpreted as a “cylindrical” bulge at the current layer that pushes magnetosheath field lines outward and magnetospheric field lines inward. A surface wave model does not reproduce the observed behavior of FTE magnetic and electric fields. FTEs move at close to the solar wind velocity and are about 1 RE across, thus lasting about 30s. They are separated typically by close to 8 minutes. This separation seems to be nearly independent of solar wind conditions. In particular FTEs are not individually triggered by directional fluctuations in the IMF. A slight decrease in FTE occurrence occurs as the magnetosonic Mach number of the solar wind increases.
AuD Students' Perceptions and Influences Regarding Careers in Independent Practice

Purpose Independent practice (IP) may be important for the financial stability and autonomy of audiology. The authors sought to identify variables that affect doctor of audiology (AuD) students' decisions to enter IP or another practice setting. Method The authors sent a survey link electronically to 1,430 members of the Student Academy of Audiology; 300 returned completed surveys. Results Nearly 24% of AuD student participants plan to choose IP immediately upon graduation. Men were more likely than women to choose IP as were those who had an IP rotation and were in the 3rd or 4th year of their AuD program. Important predictors included the survey items “job satisfaction among IP practitioners” and “attractiveness of other specialties”; the “patient contact” perception factor; the “overall job satisfaction” influence factor; and the student age (over 30) demographic variable. Conclusions It appears likely that audiology IP rates will remain steady at levels that lag behind the IP rates of other doctoring ...
A Holistic Health Approach to an Alcoholic Treatment Program

This article reports on The New Beginning, a residential treatment facility in Northern Virginia, which implemented an innovative approach to alcoholism treatment. To an established alcohol rehabil...
Taxol allosterically alters the dynamics of the tubulin dimer and increases the flexibility of microtubules.

Taxol is a commonly used antitumor agent that hyperstabilizes microtubules and prevents cell division. The interaction of Taxol with tubulin and the microtubule has been studied through a wide array of experimental techniques; however, the exact molecular mechanism by which Taxol stabilizes microtubules has remained elusive. In this study, through the use of large-scale molecular simulations, we show that Taxol affects the interactions between the M and H1-S2 loops of adjacent tubulin dimers leading to more stable interprotofilament interactions. More importantly, we demonstrate that Taxol binding leads to a significant increase in the dynamics and flexibility of the portion of β-tubulin that surrounds the bound nucleotide and makes contact with the α-monomer of the next dimer in the protofilament. We conclude that this increase in flexibility allows the microtubule to counteract the conformational changes induced by nucleotide hydrolysis and keeps the protofilaments in a straight conformation, resulting in a stable microtubule.
Evidence of an oxidative mechanism for the hemolytic activity of silica particles.

The formation of reactive oxygen species resulting from the interaction of silica dust particles with red blood cell membranes was investigated; particularly, the effect of surface hydroxyl (silano...