cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TIME-DEPENDENT RESPONSE OF AN INTERFACE CRACK BETWEEN DISSIMILAR VISCOELASTIC MEDIA*

ABSTRACT A general solution of an interface crack between dissimilar viscoelastic media subjected to a time-dependent antiplane load is considered in this work. A complex potential function is derived via a special technique of analytical continuation to satisfy the continuous condition along the interface. A Cauchy-type singular integral is applied to solve the crack problem. The interaction between a singularity and an interface crack is then found with the aid of the superposition principle. According to the Kelvin–Maxwell model used to simulate the viscoelastic properties, the time-dependent full field solution can be obtained in a straightforward manner. Some typical loading types and the effects of dissimilar viscoelastic media on the energy release rate at the interface crack are also discussed. The result shows that the energy release rate becomes over-responsive when the relaxation constant of the upper half-space is smaller than that of the lower half-space. *Communicated by K. K. Choi.
Cardiovascular Effects of Hypothermia in the Chicken

DURING hypothermia the arterial blood pressure of the chicken has been reported to decrease pari passu with the diminution in body-temperature1. However, it is not known whether the decrease in blood pressure is the result of a diminution of the cardiac output or of the total peripheral vascular resistance. The purpose of the experiments reported here was therefore to obtain data on the cardiac outputs and blood pressures of chickens during hypothermia. From such data the total peripheral resistances could be calculated.
The impact of a Continuum of Care Resident Pharmacist on heart failure readmissions and discharge instructions at a community hospital.

Purpose:To examine the impact of a Continuum of Care Resident Pharmacist on (1) heart failure 30-day hospital readmissions and (2) compliance with Joint Commission Heart Failure core measure 1 at a...
Pre-diagnosis cigarette smoking and overall survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

We examined whether smoking prior to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) diagnosis was associated with overall survival (OS) and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the evidence relating pre-diagnosis cigarette smoking with OS. Among 523 NHL patients, worse OS was suggested for greater pre-diagnostic smoking habits when compared to never smokers. In the meta-analysis (n=5 patient populations), inferior OS was observed for greater number of cigarettes smoked per day, years of cigarette smoking, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. The inferior survival was more pronounced for follicular than for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pre-diagnosis cigarette smoking may adversely impact the survival of NHL patients.
MO Study of flavin–protein interactions in flavodoxin catalysis

MINDO/3 calculations have been performed on the Clostridium MP flavodoxin active site (a complex of the redox active coenzyme flavin mononucleotide sandwiched between the side chains of methionine and tryptophan) at various redox levels using coordinates derived from x-ray diffraction studies of the holoenzyme. Frontier orbital indices were calculated and indicate that reduction of the flavin is accompanied by induced polar states in the amino acid side chains. This stabilization of charge by the amino acid side chains could account for the reaction rate enhancement of flavin reduction catalyzed by flavodoxin. Frontier orbitals for free flavin, for the flavodoxin bound flavin without the amino acid side chains, and for the oxidized Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin active site were computed for comparison.
Dietary Copper in Excess of Nutritional Requirement Reduces Plasma and Breast Muscle Cholesterol of Chickens

Male commercial broiler strain chickens were fed from hatching to 42 d of age either a control diet (based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with 250 mg copper/kg diet from cupric sulfate pentahydrate (for 35 or 42 d). Hypocholesterolemia (11.8% reduction) and decreased breast muscle cholesterol (20.4% reduction) were observed in copper-supplemented birds. There was a slight increase (P > .05) in breast muscle copper (14.5%), and all levels were very low (< .5 mg/kg). Feeding copper for 42 vs 35 d resulted in lower levels of cholesterol in the plasma (12.9 vs 10.8% reduction) and breast muscle (24.6 vs 16.2% reduction). Very similar results were found in two additional experiments in which hypocholesterolemia and reduced breast muscle cholesterol were associated with reduced plasma triglycerides and blood reduced glutathione. It is well known that hypercholesterolemia is a symptom of dietary copper deficiency. The data presented here indicate that blood and breast muscle cholesterol are inversely related to dietary copper in excess of the dietary requirement for maximal growth. The cholesterol content of the edible muscle tissue of broiler chickens can be reduced by approximately 25% after feeding a supranormal level of copper for 42 d without altering the growth of the chickens or substantially increasing the copper content of the edible meat.
Avoiding Serotonin Syndrome: The Nature of the Interaction between Tramadol and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Objective:To investigate the nature of the interaction between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tramadol to mitigate or avoid serotonin syndrome.Data Sources:PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from January 1990 to August 2012 were searched. Key words used were tramadol, antidepressive agents, antidepressants, drug interactions, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, and serotonin syndrome.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Only English-language studies were included. No randomized controlled trials were identified. Review articles, case reports, and 1 case series that identified the scope of interaction between tramadol and SSRIs were evaluated. Review articles evaluating the role of pharmacogenetics in the use of tramadol, SSRIs, and serotonin syndrome were also reviewed.Data Synthesis:Published documentation describing the interaction between tramadol and SSRIs and its relevance to serotonin syndrome is limited to a few case reports and 1 case series. Wh...
Effects of muramyl dipeptide on sleep, body temperature and plasma copper after intracerebral ventricular administration.

Abstract Muramyl peptides are the monomeric components of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans. Many muramyl peptides, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), (N-acetylmuramyl- l -alanyl- d -isoglutamine), are immune response modifiers, pyrogenic and somnogenic. The purposes of this study were to measure the somnogenic effects of MDP in conjunction with a biochemical measure of the host defense response, plasma Cu, and to determine if plasma Cu levels, like sleep, are regulated by a central nervous system process. MDP administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle induced a dose-dependent rise in plasma copper at 28 h postinfusion. This was usually associated with dose-dependent fevers, increases in SWS and reductions in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the first 6 h after infusion. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of the same amount of MDP did not affect any of these variables. We conclude that the syndrome induced by centrally administered MDP includes activation of the host defense response with respect to a rise in plasma copper in addition to fever and enhanced sleep.
Ancillary Care for Public Health Research in Developing Countries

Belsky and Richardson1 defined ancillary care as care needed by research participants but not necessary to ensure scientific validity, prevent study-related harms, or address study-related injuries and introduced a framework for evaluating ancillary care based on 2 questions.2 Does a participant’s need for care fall within the scope of the investigator’s responsibility for the participant’s health, as defined by aspects of health implicitly entrusted to the investigator through the participant’s consent to comply with research procedures? If so, what is the strength of the participant’s moral claim on the investigator to address that need? The strength of the claim is modulated by attributes of the participant-investigator relationship, such as depth of involvement, degree of participant’s vulnerability, and degree of participant’s dependence, together with limits on available resources.2 Dickert et al3 questioned the narrow limits of Belsky and Richardson’s definition of the investigator’s scope of responsibility and exposed the tensions between vulnerability, dependency, cost, and scientific objectives in assessing the strength of a potential ancillary care claim. Participants at a workshop also high-lighted the need for additional ethical guidelines to address ancillary care.4 They proposed 4 “guidance points” to help researchers and sponsors act on their ancillary care obligations—identifying a positive duty, planning for ancillary care, building partnerships, and making practical provisions.4 Although the contributions reviewed above move the discussion of ancillary care forward, they are constrained by 3 issues. First, by focusing on the ethics of researchers’ relationship to the individual participant, the discussion to date has yet to consider studies in which the primary unit of research interest is a group. Second, separate analyses of research-specific and context-specific factors might help stakeholders assess the strength of ancillary care claims more systematically. Third, an operational process is needed to help researchers and sponsors implement the proposed guidance points. The goal of this Commentary is to advance the discussion of ancillary care in developing countries addressing these 3 issues.
Oxidation of Powder Processed Nial and Nial/Tib2 Composites

NiAl and NiAl/TiB2 composites were tested in air at 800, 1000, and 1200°C. The oxidation resistance of the composites depends on the fabrication route, and subsequently on the reinforcement phase morphology and distribution. The oxidation resistance of NiAl reinforced with large TiB2 particles was found to decrease with increasing TiB2 content. NiAl reinforced with large TiB2 particles was completely oxidized at 1200°C after a 100 hour exposure.
Reducing the computation required to solve a standard minimax problem

Minimax optimization problems have a long and rich history in the area of control. We show how the computation required to find the solution of a popular and widely applicable minimax problem can be significantly reduced. This reduction in computation results from an observation concerning the inner level (finite) maximization. In particular, we show that the number of parameter combinations that must be considered may be significantly reduced. We next indicate how this optimization problem can be used to synthesize a robust state feedback control for a system with parameter uncertainty. We conclude with an example robust control design problem that has 15 independent uncertain parameters and would not be practical were it not for the reduced computational requirement.
A feature construction method for general object recognition

This paper presents a novel approach for object detection using a feature construction method called Evolution-COnstructed (ECO) features. Most other object recognition approaches rely on human experts to construct features. ECO features are automatically constructed by uniquely employing a standard genetic algorithm to discover series of transforms that are highly discriminative. Using ECO features provides several advantages over other object detection algorithms including: no need for a human expert to build feature sets or tune their parameters, ability to generate specialized feature sets for different objects, and no limitations to certain types of image sources. We show in our experiments that ECO features perform better or comparable with hand-crafted state-of-the-art object recognition algorithms. An analysis is given of ECO features which includes a visualization of ECO features and improvements made to the algorithm.
A synopsis of recentwork in edge detection using the DWT

Automatic edge detection is a highly researched field because it is used in many different applications in image processing, such as diagnosis in medical imaging, topographical recognition and automated inspection of machine assemblies. Historically, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has been a successful technique used in edge detection. The contributions of new, recent work in this area are examined and summarized concisely. Utilizing multiple phases, such as de-noising, preprocessing, thresholding coefficients, smoothing, and postprocessing, are suggested for use with multiple iterations of the DWT in this research. The DWT is combined with various other methods for an optimal solution for the edge detection problem. This synopsis consolidates recent, related work into one source.
Effect of Restricted Energy and Protein Intake on Atherosclerosis and Associated Physiological Factors in Cockerels

Practical or semipurified diets, with and without added cholesterol, were fed to growing cockerels to determine the effect of dietary energy or protein re striction on systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, total serum lipids, liver lipids and incidence of atherosclerosis in thoracic and abdominal aortas. The effect of dietary protein or energy restriction on systolic blood pressure was inconsistent. Vari ations in blood pressure appeared to be associated more with body weight than with restriction of protein or energy as such. Serum cholesterol, serum lipids and liver lipids were markedly increased when cockerels were fed diets containing cholesterol. Each was increased by protein restriction and decreased by energy restriction. Without added dietary cholesterol, serum cholesterol was not significantly affected by protein or energy restriction. Serum lipids were significantly increased, and liver lipids were slightly increased, when birds were fed protein-restricted diets without added cholesterol. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent when the diets contained cholesterol, and more severe in the abdominal than in the thoracic aorta, regardless of dietary treatment. Protein or energy restriction affected atherosclerosis, especially in the thoracic aorta, most when the diets contained cholesterol. Incidence of atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta was reduced in energy-restricted, and increased in protein-restricted birds.
Policy-Carrying Data: A Privacy Abstraction for Attaching Terms of Service to Mobile Data

Despite decades of work on privacy-protecting systems, mobile user privacy remains at the mercy of cloud service providers. This paper proposes a different approach -- let users attach Terms of Service (ToS) to their data before uploading it to the cloud. We propose an abstraction, called policy-carrying data (PCD), that lets users specify and attach ToS to their data. PCD guarantees that cloud providers claim they are compliant with the ToS policy before they are able to access the data. To offer this guarantee, PCD relies on attribute-based encryption. We present PCD's semantics, its properties, and describe how PCD can be added to JSON or REST. Our hope is that PCD opens a different research path -- designing privacy abstractions that provide legal ammunition for mobile users against misuse of their data.
A spectrum of traffic flow modeling at multiple scales

This paper presents a broad perspective on traffic flow modeling at a spectrum of four scales. Modeling objectives and model properties at each scale are discussed and existing efforts are reviewed. In order to ensure modeling consistency and provide a microscopic basis for macroscopic models, it is critical to address the coupling among models at different scales, i.e. how less detailed models are derived from more detailed models and, conversely, how more detailed models are aggregated to less detailed models. With this understanding, a consistent modeling approach is proposed based on field theory and modeling strategies at each of the four scales are discussed. In addition, a special case is formulated at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. Numerical and empirical results suggest that these special cases perform satisfactorily and aggregate to realistic macroscopic behavior. By ensuring model coupling and modeling consistency, the proposed approach is able to establish the theoretical foundation for traffic modeling and simulation at multiple scales seamlessly within a single system.
Stabilization of the clavicle after distal resection: A biomechanical study

BackgroundThe potential destabilizing effect of distal clavicle resection has received limited attention.HypothesisSuturing the coracoacromial ligament to the undersurface of the distal clavicle after resection could counter clavicle instability.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsThe effect of ligament augmentation on posterior translation of the clavicle after resection was evaluated using 12 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders. Posterior clavicular displacement was measured after the application of a 70-N load under 4 different conditions: (1) the intact joint, (2) after distal clavicle resection, (3) clavicle resection plus acromioclavicular capsular ligament repair, and (4) clavicle resection plus acromioclavicular capsular ligament repair plus coracoacromial ligament augmentation.ResultsMean displacements for each of the test conditions were as follows: (1) 5.60 mm, (2) 7.38 mm, (3) 7.54 mm, and (4) 6.34 mm. A 32% increase in posterior translation was measured after resection compared to the...
Genomic Complexity among Strains of the Facultative Photoheterotrophic Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis following the use of rare cutting restriction endonucleases together with Southern hybridization, using markers distributed on chromosomes I and II of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1, has been used to examine approximately 25 strains of R. sphaeroides in an effort to assess the occurrence of genome complexity in these strains. The results suggest that genome complexity is widespread and is accompanied by substantial genomic heterogeneity.
Unusualness and Threat as Possible Causes of "Weapon Focus"

In two experiments exploring possible causes of the "weapon focus" effect, undergraduates viewed videotapes depicting interactions in business establishments. The target character was either empty-handed or held different objects that varied in both threat and unusualness. Witnesses attempted to describe the target's features and clothing, identify the object held by him (if any), and identify him in a photo line-up. The accuracy of witnesses' descriptions was affected by unusualness but not threat. Identification accuracy did not differ by condition. Witnesses had difficulty remembering the low-threat, non-unusual object; many either failed to identify it (Experiment 1) or reported seeing no object (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments imply that weapon focus, when it occurs, may do so because weapons are unexpected.
Cervical Collars are Insufficient for Immobilizing an Unstable Cervical Spine Injury

Abstract Background Cervical orthoses are commonly used for extrication, transportation, and definitive immobilization for cervical trauma patients. Various designs have been tested frequently in young, healthy individuals. To date, no one has reported the effectiveness of collar immobilization in the presence of an unstable mid-cervical spine. Study Objectives To determine the extent to which cervical orthoses immobilize the cervical spine in a cadaveric model with and without a spinal instability. Methods This study used a repeated-measures design to quantify motion on multiple axes. Five lightly embalmed cadavers with no history of cervical pathology were used. An electromagnetic motion-tracking system captured segmental motion at C5–C6 while the spine was maneuvered through the range of motion in each plane. Testing was carried out in intact conditions after a global instability was created at C5–C6. Three collar conditions were tested: a one-piece extraction collar (Ambu Inc., Linthicum, MD), a two-piece collar (Aspen Sierra, Aspen Medical Products, Irvine, CA), and no collar. Gardner-Wells tongs were affixed to the skull and used to apply motion in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the conditions: collar use by instability (3 × 2). Results Neither the one- nor the two-piece collar was effective at significantly reducing segmental motion in the stable or unstable condition. There was dramatically more motion in the unstable state, as would be expected. Conclusion Although using a cervical collar is better than no immobilization, collars do not effectively reduce motion in an unstable cervical spine cadaver model. Further study is needed to develop other immobilization techniques that will adequately immobilize an injured, unstable cervical spine.
3D registration of medical scanner volumes and tissue section photographs for evaluation of image-guided treatment

We created a method for 3D registration of medical scanner image volumes to gross pathology images. We are applying it to evaluate interventional MRI thermal ablation and in vivo localized drug release from a new device, implanted using CT guidance. The method computes an optimum set of rigid body registration parameters by iterative minimization of the Euclidean distances between automatically generated correspondence points, along manually selected fiducial needle paths, and optional point landmarks. Voxel displacement errors depend only on needle localization error when the angle between needles was at least 15 degrees, and the distance objective function is a useful diagnostic for registration quality.
On the validity of A proof that the discrete singular convolution (DSC)/Lagrange-distributed approximation function (LDAF) method is inferior to high order finite differences

A few families of counterexamples are provided to "A proof that the discrete singular convolution (DSC)/Lagrange-distributed approximation function (LDAF) method is inferior to high order finite differences", Journal of Computational Physics, 214, 538-549 (2006).
The Posterior Ciliary Artery

The ocular circulation is supplied by two sets of arteries. The central retinal artery is the main source of supply to the inner retina. The posterior ciliary artery (PCA) is the main source of blood supply to the optic nerve head (ONH), the choroid up to the equator, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the outer 130 μ of the retina (and, when a cilioretinal artery is present, the entire thickness of the retina in that region), and the medial and lateral segments of the ciliary body and iris (Fig. 4.1). That makes the PCA circulation the most important component of the ocular and ONH circulation.
Saturated-Absorption-Stabilized N2O Laser for New Frequency Standards

The N2O laser operates in approximately the same spectral region, around 10.6 μm, as the well-known CO2 laser. The two molecules resemble each other in being linear triatomic and having roughly the same energy levels. One would expect therefore that the technique of observing the standing-wave saturation in CO2 lasers via the fluorescence (1) could be applied to the N20 laser. Such is indeed the case. The 4.5 pm fluorescence from room temperature N2O in an absorber cell placed in the laser cavity has been observed and has a strength comparable to that of the 4.3 pm CO2 fluorescence. Because the centre frequencies of the N2O laser transitions can be determined to within 1 part in 1010 by this technique, and because there are twice as many N2O lasing transitions in the 0001-1000 band, compared to CO2 case, the N2O laser should be useful as a secondary frequency standard in the 10 pm region. It is the purpose of this paper to study some of the characteristics of a Lamb-dip stabilized N2O laser which has been used for absolute frequency measurements of N2O laser transitions.
A Call to Action: Reforming the North Carolina Tax Code

The economic recession has forced almost all states to make difficult budget decisions, including cuts to education funding and other essential government services. North Carolina is no exception. Faced with a projected $4.6 billion budget gap, the General Assembly last year cut services, increased taxes, and yet still had to rely on federal recovery funds to balance the budget. While the depth of the recession may have made last year’s budget shortfall to some extent unavoidable, the state’s outdated and volatile tax system exacerbated the magnitude of the shortfall. This Article examines the shortcomings of North Carolina’s existing tax structure. It then suggests alternatives to modernize the state’s tax system and stabilize tax revenues. These suggestions include broadening the sales tax base to include more services and closing existing corporate income tax loopholes. Reforms to the North Carolina tax system are long overdue. This Article provides a pathway to improving that system and calls for legislators to enact long-term solutions to the problems hampering North Carolina’s existing tax code. Ultimately, failure to do so will risk the state’s ability to continue providing much-needed services and educational opportunities to its citizens.
Plasma and yolk cholesterol levels in Japanese quail divergently selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of divergent selection for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on the levels and relationships between plasma and yolk cholesterol in Japanese quail. Cholesterol data were obtained in Generation 25, following seven generations of relaxed selection, from birds maintained under a normal environment with no exposure to exogenous ACTH. Levels of plasma and yolk cholesterol were determined at 22 and 28 wk. Plasma cholesterol levels of quail in the low cholesterol line were significantly (P less than .01) lower than levels in the high line at both ages (224 versus 383 and 209 versus 326 mg/100 mL, respectively). In contrast, yolk cholesterol levels were significantly (P less than .01) higher in the low line than in the high line (24.1 versus 21.5 and 21.1 versus 16.9 mg cholesterol/g yolk at 22 and 28 wk, respectively). A significant line by sex interaction was present at both ages for plasma cholesterol with females having higher cholesterol values than males in the low line and males having higher values than females in the high line. A negative relationship was observed between changes in plasma and yolk cholesterol in the selected lines. Greater deposition of cholesterol in the yolk of the line with lower plasma cholesterol indicates that excretion rate may play a role in explaining genetic differences in plasma cholesterol.
The influence of dominant obesity discourse on child health narratives: a qualitative study

AbstractThe medicalization of obesity encourages the structural and interpersonal regulation and monitoring of people who appear to be overweight or obese, with particular attention paid to low-income and minority populations; these dynamics serve to perpetuate contemporary social inequalities. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the perceptions of health and obesity among mostly Black parents and mostly White school personnel at a US elementary school serving low-income Black children, compare these perceptions to the dominant obesity discourse, and explore possible differences in child health narratives and obesity discourse based on race. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 parents and 20 school personnel, which were part of a larger ethnographic study. Three main themes around dominant obesity discourse were identified from the in-depth interviews with parents and school personnel: (1) reflections of obesity discourse in child health narratives, (2) ident...
Dependence of entrainment in shallow cumulus convection on vertical velocity and distance to cloud edge

The dependence of entrainment rate on environmental conditions and cloud characteristics is investigated using large eddy simulations (LES) of the response of shallow cumulus convection to a small-amplitude temperature perturbation that is horizontally uniform and localized in height. The simulated cumulus fields are analyzed in the framework of an ensemble of entraining plumes by tracking a large number of Lagrangian parcels embedded in the LES and grouping them into different plumes based on their detrainment heights. The results show that fractional entrainment rate per unit height of a plume is inversely proportional to the plume's vertical velocity and its distance to the cloud edge, while changes in environmental stratification and relative humidity, the plume's buoyancy, or the vertical gradient of its buoyancy due to the temperature perturbation have little effect on the plume's entrainment rate.
Impacts of Weak AC System on the Commissioning and Operation of UHVDC Transmission Project

Ultra-high voltage direct current(UHVDC) system is characterized by large transmission capacity, high reactive power consumption and complex control system, while a weak AC sending system has much simple grid structure and power source composition.Consequently, the DC fault or disturbance can bring many problems to the power grid. An analysis is made on some problems of the weak AC system of UHVDC, such as safety and stabilization of power system, DC startup and power ramping decreasing, overvoltage, and coordination between generators and power grid. Based on the commissioning of Xiang-Shang UHVDC project, some issues that needs to be addressed and corresponding controlling strategies are proposed for commissioning of UHVDC project with weak AC system, including optimization of commissioning items, operation mode of power system and stability control measures, voltage/reactive power control, and protection configuration of DC lines. Meanwhile, some other phenomena occuring during operation of the UHVDC with weak AC system are analyzed. The conclusions made in this paper can be a reference for planning, construction and operation of UHVDC project.
Recounting Relations for Set Partitions with Restrictions.

We provide combinatorial arguments of some relations between classical Stirling numbers of the second kind and two refinements of these numbers gotten by introducing restrictions to the distances among the elements in each block of a finite set partition.
Fiscal Imbalance: A Primer

The concept of fiscal imbalance is familiar to economists but less so to policymakers, politicians, and the public. Yet understanding this concept is essential to rational discussion of government financial health. This paper provides a primer on government fiscal imbalance.The material is not new, and the presentation does not aim at those familiar with the topic. Instead, the paper reviews key principles and fundamental implications; it targets those who are interested in understanding the true state of government financial health but puzzled by apparently conflicting claims about whether the major economies are going bankrupt. This primer does not resolve those conflicts, but by explicating the concept of fiscal imbalance, and reviewing the relevant facts, the discussion provides a framework for evaluating the competing claims.
Personality, Interactional Psychology, and Person–Organization Fit

Personality psychology is concerned with the nature of individuals. The study of the nature of individuals rests on the philosophy (implicit or explicit) that individuals are the basic agents or causes of their behavior. This individualistic philosophy contrasts with other social sciences, which may focus on the society (sociology) or the culture (anthropology), and other areas of psychology, which may focus on the relationships among individuals (social psychology). Of course, other issues besides individualism distinguish personality psychology from other social sciences such as economics and from other areas of psychology such as cognitive or developmental psychology, but these issues are not relevant to our discussion here. The point is that if personality psychology is concerned with the nature of individuals, why dowe need to be concernedwith situations?Why not leave such issues to the sociologists, the anthropologists, or even the social psychologists?
Constitutive relations and their time integration for anisotropic elasto-plastic porous materials

Abstract Finite deformation constitutive relations are developed for a class of plastically anisotropic porous solids with an underlying evolving microstructure. They are based on a model obtained by homogenization for rigid-perfectly plastic materials containing non-spherical voids. To facilitate numerical implementation, heuristic extensions are proposed to incorporate weak elasticity, strain hardening and accurate void shape evolution. A semi-implicit time integration scheme is used along with the Newton–Raphson method to solve the system of equations resulting from the discretization of the constitutive equations. The procedure to calculate the consistent tangent matrix, which is needed to solve the global force–displacement matrix equation, is summarized. The framework is used to illustrate the predictive capabilities of the model, first under conditions previously assessed against finite element cell model calculations, then under conditions heretofore not examined. The latter include situations of initial anisotropy as well as situations involving significant void distortions, not only in terms of void enlargement or shape change, but also in terms of void rotations. In particular, various combinations of stress triaxiality, initial void shape, void orientation, matrix orthotropy properties and loading directions are simulated. In addition, the finite element implementation of the model is addressed and illustrated for simple cases.
Navigating the Microbial Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Seeing the Light at the End of the Tunnel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract with variable presentations and disease courses. The cause of IBD is unknown, but it is hypothesized that individuals with a genetic predisposition to disease develop an aberrant immune response to environmental triggers. Evidence suggests that microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in the development and perpetuation of the disease. In this review, we discuss the role of microbes in the development of a healthy gut, their role in the development of diseases in general, and their role in the development of IBD. Advances in molecular technologies and bioinformatics will continue to further our insight into the structure of the microbial community, the function of the microbial community as a whole, and the interaction of this community with the host immune system. The latter two are crucial to understanding the role of microbes in IBD. The field has advanced significantly in recent years, and the future is very promising as we begin to elucidate the microbial basis of IBD.
Improving Gold/Gold Microcontact Performance and Reliability Under Low-Frequency AC Through Circuit Loading

This paper investigates the performance and reliability of microcontacts under low-frequency and low-amplitude ac test conditions. Current microcontact theory is based on dc tests adapted to RF applications. To help better apply dc theory to RF applications, frequencies between 100 Hz to 100 kHz were experimentally investigated. Microcontacts designed to conduct performance and reliability measurements were used, which in prior dc testing typically lasted for 100 million cycles or more. Under ac loads, at similar power levels, eight devices were tested under cold-switching conditions, and only one was still operational at 10 million cycles. The effect of external circuitry on dc loaded devices was also considered. The experimental data were presented for dc conditions, which demonstrated that both a parallel capacitance with a microcontact and a series inductance were highly detrimental. For all six tested devices, failure occurred typically in 100 thousand cycles or less. However, utilizing series resistive/capacitive circuits as well as parallel resistor/inductive resulted in improved performance, with only one device of the four tested failing prematurely, but those that lasted showed less variation in measure contact resistance throughout the lifetime of the device. Two devices were tested with passive contact protection using parallel and series resistances, and both devices lasted for the full test duration. Finally, the effects of applying circuit protection to microcontacts and repeating ac test conditions were investigated. Reliability and device lifetime were extended significantly (9.1% success rate without protection was increased to 87% success rate). It was also observed in several instances that devices that failed showed subtle signs of variance during contact closure measurements in the range of 5–30 $\mu$ N, indicating a possible means for accurately predicting device failure. For these failed devices, notable physical damage was observed using a scanning electron microscope.
Case series: Paclitaxel (P) and pegfigrastim (PF)-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) in breast cancer patients (pts)

e11631 Background: P, a chemotherapeutic agent, extensively used in management of solid tumors. Although hypersensitivity reactions from P are common; HSP is rarely reported. We report 3 pts with early stage, high risk breast cancer, who developed HSP while receiving dose dense (DD) P with PF support. Methods: C#1 51 yr old woman (W) was diagnosed (Di) with triple negative (TN), infiltrating duct carcinoma (ca) with nodal metastasis. Neoadjuvant chemo (NC) with DD adriamycin 60 mg/m2 (A) and Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 (C) was started. She completed 4 cycles of AC with PF 6 mg SQ given day 2 of each cycle without complications. Several days after her first dose of P with PF, she experienced dyspnea on exertion (DOE) and a non productive cough (NPC). CT of chest (CC) revealed ground glass opacity more in upper lungs, suggestive of HSP, and echocardiogram (echo) was within normal limits (WNL). She rapidly improved with steroid (S). C#2 46 yr w was Di with hormone positive, her 2 negative, infiltrating duct c...
The Story Slam Model: Leveraging Autobiography in Participatory Arts for Audience Diversification

ABSTRACTThe Story Slam is a trending model in participatory arts programming. This case study of the Philadelphia-based organization First Person Arts (FPA) examines the value of the Story Slam, both for individual audience members and for organizational audience development and engagement efforts. Findings explore the connection between creative agency in arts programming and audience loyalty, and between autobiographical programming and experiences of authenticity. This study ultimately examines a lack of socioeconomic and ethnic diversity in FPA's audiences, depicts how the Story Slam model naturally lends itself to the cultivation of a diverse community, and makes programming recommendations for increasing audience diversity.
Analysis of neural network vector control for IPM machine in electric vehicles

This paper investigates a neural network vector control for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine in an electric vehicle (EV). At the present, most electric vehicles are embedded with IPM machines because of the high torque capability and power density of the machine. Many literatures conducted research on how to control the machine most optimally. This paper proposes a neural network vector control method that implements the optimal control based on adaptive dynamic programming. As for the training, Levenberg-Marquardt and forward accumulation through time algorithm is used. The paper also develops an EV simulation system by utilizing off-the-shelf EV mechanical and electrical components and MATLAB SimDriveline and SimPowerSystems in order to evaluate the performance of the neural network controller in close to practical EV operating conditions. The design of the EV simulation system considers various electrical subsystems, vehicle dynamics, shaft and differential, and simple regenerative and hydraulic braking. The proposed neural network control is compared with traditional PI-based control. The result shows that the proposed controller can be a potential replacement of the existing control scheme, such as PID, fuzzy logic, or etc, and provides adequate traction control in EV application.
E-Cigarette Susceptibility as a Predictor of Youth Initiation of E-Cigarettes

Introduction Identifying youth at risk for future e-cigarette use is critical for informing prevention efforts. Prior research established measures of susceptibility to conventional cigarettes, and this study aimed to examine whether items adapted for e-cigarette susceptibility predicted subsequent e-cigarette use among never e-cigarette users. Methods Longitudinal school-wide survey data were collected from middle and high school students in Fall 2013 (wave 1) and Spring 2014 (wave 2). Among never e-cigarette users at wave 1 (n = 1720), e-cigarette susceptibility was measured by two items assessing anticipation of experimenting with e-cigarettes in the future and willingness to use an e-cigarette if offered by a best friend. Logistic regression models examined susceptibility as a predictor of e-cigarette initiation and past 30-day use 6 months later at wave 2. Models were clustered by school and controlled for sex, age, race, SES, and other substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and other tobacco). Results In total, 8.9% (n = 153) of youth initiated e-cigarettes and 3.7% (n = 63) reported past 30-day use at wave 2. E-cigarette susceptibility was a significant independent predictor of subsequent initiation (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 3.12-5.85) and past 30-day e-cigarette use (OR = 5.10, 95%CI = 3.38-7.68) 6 months later. Susceptible youth were more likely to be male, older, and have used alcohol, marijuana, or other tobacco products. Conclusions These findings provide initial support for adapting two susceptibility items to identify adolescents at risk for future e-cigarette use. Identifying strategies that are effective for targeting susceptible youth and preventing future e-cigarette use will be critical areas for future research. Implications More than a quarter of the sample who reported both a willingness to try e-cigarettes if offered by a best friend and anticipation of experimenting with e-cigarettes in the future went on to try e-cigarettes within the academic year, suggesting that targeting this group will be critical for preventing youth e-cigarette initiation. There were notable demographic differences between susceptible and non-susceptible youth, suggesting targeting e-cigarette prevention efforts to male students who have used other substances may be especially important for preventing future e-cigarette use. Research is needed to determine the most effective prevention strategies to reach susceptible youth.
Visual data-analytics of large-scale parallel discrete-event simulations

Parallel discrete-event simulation (PDES) is an important tool in the codesign of extreme-scale systems because PDES provides a cost-effective way to evaluate designs of high-performance computing systems. Optimistic synchronization algorithms for PDES, such as Time Warp, allow events to be processed without global synchronization among the processing elements. A rollback mechanism is provided when events are processed out of timestamp order. Although optimistic synchronization protocols enable the scalability of large-scale PDES, the performance of the simulations must be tuned to reduce the number of rollbacks and provide an improved simulation runtime. To enable efficient large-scale optimistic simulations, one has to gain insight into the factors that affect the rollback behavior and simulation performance. We developed a tool for ROSS model developers that gives them detailed metrics on the performance of their large-scale optimistic simulations at varying levels of simulation granularity. Model developers can use this information for parameter tuning of optimistic simulations in order to achieve better runtime and fewer rollbacks. In this work, we instrument the ROSS optimistic PDES framework to gather detailed statistics about the simulation engine. We have also developed an interactive visualization interface that uses the data collected by the ROSS instrumentation to understand the underlying behavior of the simulation engine. The interface connects real time to virtual time in the simulation and provides the ability to view simulation data at different granularities. We demonstrate the usefulness of our framework by performing a visual analysis of the dragonfly network topology model provided by the CODES simulation framework built on top of ROSS. The instrumentation needs to minimize overhead in order to accurately collect data about the simulation performance. To ensure that the instrumentation does not introduce unnecessary overhead, we perform a scaling study that compares instrumented ROSS simulations with their noninstrumented counterparts in order to determine the amount of perturbation when running at different simulation scales.
Abstract A114: Differential gene expressions in breast cancer epithelia of African American and European American women: Health disparity at the molecular level

Mortality rates from breast cancer (BC) remain higher in African-American (AA) women despite a lower incidence when compared to European American (EA) women. Multiple factors including differences in access to health care, disparate utilization of screening tools as well as biologic factors are being explored as causative agents. We are addressing this concern by studying the expressions of BC signaling pathway genes in paired BC cell lines from AA and EA patients. The total mRNAs from the primary cell lines from both ethnic groups were analyzed by utilizing gene array for breast cancer signaling pathways (SABioSciences). The array analyses showed that there were nine genes which were commonly regulated in both races including: BAD, BAG1, CCNE1, IL6R, IL6ST, ITGB4, MAP2K7, PLAU and PTGS2. Overall, estrogen receptor (BAG1, CYP19A1), inflammation (C3) or metastasis and cell integrity (COL6A1, ID2) or apoptosis (BAD) genes were represented. However, there were numerous genes that were differentially expressed between the two racial groups. In AA, the following genes were down regulated: CDKN2A, CLDN7, CTNNB1, CTSD, EGFR, ESR1, HMGB1, KRT18, STC2 and TP53. One of the most significantly genes was ESR1, the estrogen receptor 1 gene which was down regulated in the AA as compared to EA and may play an important role in AA BC development. There were eight genes that were differentially expressed in EA. These include: CCD1, FOSL1, GSN, IL2RA, IL6, ITGA6, NFYB and SLC7A. Some of these differentially expressed genes may play a protective role in EA. These findings may help us uncover that the molecular basis of high BC mortality in AA and may help in the development of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of BC. Citation Format: Omar Bagasra, Khirston Howard, Leslie Johnson. Differential gene expressions in breast cancer epithelia of African American and European American women: Health disparity at the molecular level. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A114.