cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. XVII: Treatment during pregnancy

Therapy of Wilson's disease continues to evolve. In 1997, zinc acetate was added to the list of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which includes penicillamine and trientine. The mechanism of zinc's anticopper action is unique. It induces intestinal cell metallothionein, which binds copper and prevents its transfer into blood. As intestinal cells die and slough, the contained copper is eliminated in the stool. Thus, zinc prevents the intestinal absorption of copper. It is universally agreed that pregnant Wilson's disease patients should remain on anticopper therapy during pregnancy. There are numerous reports of such patients stopping penicillamine therapy to protect their fetus from teratogenicity, only to undergo serious deterioration and even death from renewed copper toxicity. Penicillamine and trientine have teratogenic effects in animals, and penicillamine has known teratogenic effects in humans. In this report we discuss the results of 26 pregnancies in 19 women who were on zinc therapy throughout their pregnancy. The evidence is good that zinc protects the health of the mother during pregnancy. Fetal outcomes were generally quite good, although one baby had a surgically correctable heart defect and one had microcephaly.
Using 7-azaindole to probe condensed phase dynamics

In order to study experimentally the ultrafast (<1 picosecond to several hundreds of picoseconds) molecular dynamics of protein-protein interactions, an optical probe is required. Tryptophan has been the most widely used intrinsic optical probe of protein structure and dynamics. There are, however, two major problems attendant to the use of tryptophan, especially in fluorescence measurements. First, since tryptophan is a naturally-occurring amino acid there are often several tryptophans in a protein molecule whose emission must be distinguished. Second, the fluorescence decay of tryptophan itself in aqueous solution is nonexponential. We have consequently investigated alternatives to tryptophan. Our work has led us to the amino acid analog, 7-azatryptophan, and its chromophoric moiety, 7-azaindole.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interface localization of excitons in CdTe/Cd1-xMnxTe multiple quantum wells.

Photoluminescence in undoped CdTe/${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Te multiple quantum wells at low temperatures shows highly efficient excitonic emission. By studying the emission spectra as a function of temperature, external magnetic field, and its dependence on well thickness, we have obtained strong evidence for the importance of the heterointerface in providing centers of localization for excitons in these strained-layer structures.
Rhodium and rhodium(III) complexes containing schiff-base ligands

Abstract The reaction of [RhCl(C2H4)2]2 with the thallium Schiff-base derivatives Tl(SalNR) (SalNR = N-p-tolylsalicylaldimine (R = p-tol), N-methylsalicylal-dimine (R = Me)) gives [Rh(SalNR)(C2H4)2]. Reaction with tertiary phosphines and arsines yields the complexes [Rh(Salz.dbnd;NR))C2H4)L] (L = P(C6H5)3, As(C6H5)3; R = Me, p-tol) and [Rh(SalNR)L2] (L = P(C6H5)3, P(C6H5)2CH3; R = Me) while with certain di(tertiary phosphines) and -arsines yields [Rh(SalNR)(L2)] (L2 = 1,2-bis(diphenylarsino)ethane, cis-1,2-bis(diphenylarsino)-ethylene, cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene, R = p-tol, Me). The complexes [Rh(SalNMe)(L)2] readily add methyl iodide to give [Rh(CH3)I(SalNMe)(L)2] (L = P(C6H5)3, P(C6H5)2CH3) while the former also reacts with chloroform to yield [RhCl2(Salz.dbnd;NMe)(P(C6H5)3)2]. Hexafluorobut-2yne adds to [Rh(SalNp-tol)((C6H5)2AsCH2CH2As(C6H5)2)] to give [Rh(C4F6)(SalNp-tol)((C6H5)2AsCH2CH2As(C6H5)2] in which the acetylene undergoes hindered rotation. The infrared and 1H NMR spectra of these complexes are discussed. Also reported are several attempts at preparing oxidative addition compounds and derivatives with other ligands.
Carbon cycle: Sequestration in buried soils

Rapid deposition of wind-borne silt after the end of the last glacial period buried a large reservoir of organic carbon in the deep soil. Geochemical analyses suggest that this sequestered soil carbon could be released to the atmosphere if exposed to decomposition.
Nuclear structure studies with intermediate energy probes

Abstract Nuclear structure studies with pions are reviewed. Results from a recent study of 1 p-shell nuclei using (e,e′), (π,π′) and (γ,π) reactions are reported. Future nuclear structure studies with GeV electrons at CEBAF are also briefly discussed.
Bayesian inference in disputed authorship: A case study of cognitive errors and a new system for decision support

Bayesian inference provides a formal framework for assessing the odds of hypotheses in light of evidence. This makes Bayesian inference applicable to a wide range of diagnostic challenges in the field of chance discovery, including the problem of disputed authorship that arises in electronic commerce, counter-terrorism and other forensic applications. For example, when two documents are so similar that one is likely to be a hoax written from the other, the question is: Which document is most likely the source and which document is most likely the hoax? Here I review a Bayesian study of disputed authorship performed by a biblical scholar, and I show that the scholar makes critical errors with respect to several issues, namely: Causal Basis, Likelihood Judgment and Conditional Dependency. The scholar's errors are important because they have a large effect on his conclusions and because similar errors often occur when people, both experts and novices, are faced with the challenges of Bayesian inference. As a practical solution, I introduce a graphical system designed to help prevent the observed errors. I discuss how this decision support system applies more generally to any problem of Bayesian inference, and how it differs from the graphical models of Bayesian Networks.
Fate and effect of silver on the anaerobic digestion process

Abstract Laboratory assays were conducted to assess the anaerobic biodegradability of a silver-bearing, waste activated sludge as well as the effect of silver compounds on the anaerobic digestion process. All assays were performed at 35°C in the dark. The ultimate biodegradability of a silver-bearing waste activated sludge (5.0 g silver/kg sludge dry solids) was 61% as compared to 59% for the control (i.e., silver-free) sludge. The rate and extent of methane production was similar for both sludge samples. Addition of either silver nitrate or silver sulfide to methanogenic, mixed cultures up to an equivalent concentration of 100 mg Ag/l did not affect the rate and extent of methane production. Silver thiosulfate when tested at an equivalent concentration of 100 mg Ag/l (and 1000 mg S/l), resulted in accumulation of ca. 28 mM of fatty acids (mainly acetate), 90% inhibition of methanogenesis and 39% inhibition of acidogenesis. However, when using silver-free, thiosulfate-amended controls, it was concluded that the observed inhibition in the silver thiosulfate-amended cultures was not attributed to the silver but rather to the excess thiosulfate (used as an alternative electron acceptor resulting in the production of soluble sulfide at inhibitory levels). Computer simulations under typical anaerobic digestion conditions using the geochemical equilibrium speciation program MINTEQA2 resulted in extremely low concentrations (
An assay for the detection of superoxide dismutase in individual Escherichia coli colonies

A method for detecting superoxide dismutase activity in individual colonies of Escherichia coli was developed. The assay involves the lysis of individual cells in colonies on filter papers by a series of lysozyme, chloroform, and freeze-thaw treatments. Filters are placed on agar plates to allow diffusion of cellular enzymes into a solid matrix. A nitroblue tetrazolium overlay is applied to detect superoxide dismutase activity. Colonies possessing activity produce achromatic zones against a dark Formazan background. The assay can detect the presence of superoxide dismutase and the relative amount of enzyme as well. This assay provides a method for screening a population of cells for mutants deficient in or overproducing superoxide dismutase.
Types for relaxed memory models

Multicore computers implementing weak memory models are mainstream, yet type-based analyses of these models remain rare. We help fill this gap. We not only prove the soundness of a type system for a weak execution model, but we also show that interesting properties of that model can be embedded in the types themselves.We argue that correspondence assertions can be used in a programming discipline that captures happens-before relationships, which are the basis for reasoning about weak memory in Java. This programming discipline is flexible and can be statically enforced. We present several examples from java.util.concurrent and prove the static semantics sound with respect to an execution model based on Java's memory model.
Strain engineering of piezoelectric properties of strontium titanate thin films

The in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric properties of (001) strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO) epi- taxial thin films on pseudo-cubic (001) substrates are computed as a function of in-plane misfit strain. A non- linear thermodynamic model is employed, which takes into account the appropriate mechanical boundary conditions, the electromechanical coupling between the polarization and the in-plane lattice mismatch, and the self-strains of the ferroelastic and ferroelectric phase transformations. The piezoelectric behavior of epitaxial STO films is described in various strain-induced ferroelectric phase fields in a temperature range from -50 to 50 C. The calculations show that by carefully tailoring in-plane misfit strains in both tensile and compressive ranges, piezoelectric coeffi- cients that are of the order of prototypical lead zirconate titanate and other lead-based piezoceramics can be real- ized. These results indicate that strain engineered STO films may be employed in a variety of sensor and actuator applications as well as surface acoustic wave devices and thin-film bulk acoustic resonators.
A Hard Day's Night? The United States and the Global War on Terrorism

This paper examines the jihadist threat and its implications for the global war on terrorism (GWOT)—a threat noted for its commitment, determination, innovation, and lethality. The United States is struggling to configure its instruments of national power to address a threat that has thus far proven unresponsive to these national instruments. The paper argues that the jihadist threat needs to be framed in the context of fundamental changes in the dynamics of the international system. These dynamics have left the United States struggling to conceptually bound and define the jihadist threat in the new security environment. This paper offers explanations for this struggle and concludes that if not successful in bounding and understanding the threat that the United States may win battles in the GWOT, but it can never win the wider war. “The number of serious international terrorist incidents more than tripled last year, according to U.S. government figures, a sharp upswing in deadly attacks that the State Dep...
Carpal tunnel syndrome in cutaneous connective tissue disease: Generalized morphea, lichen sclerosus, fasciitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and lupus panniculitis

Carpal tunnel syndrome developed concurrently with cutaneous connective tissue disease in five patients. The skin lesions varied from morphea, lichen sclerosus, fasciitis, and discoid lupus erythematosus to lupus panniculitis. Variable and transitory serologic and direct immunofluorescent findings were noted. In two cases, surgical specimens from carpal tunnel operations had lymphoid nodules. 'treatment of the cutaneous connective tissue syndrome (antimalarials, four cases; corticosteroids, two cases) brought healing of the carpal tunnel syndrome as well as improvement of the skin lesions.
Phenotypic markers for selection of winter hardy garden chrysanthemum (Dendranthema×grandiflora Tzvelv.) genotypes

Abstract Consumer interest in winter hardy herbaceous perennials has precipitated a re-prioritization of breeding program objectives for garden chrysanthemums. The objective of this study was to determine which phenotypic marker(s) in garden chrysanthemum crowns are correlated with winter hardiness for use as non-destructive, inexpensive selection tools in breeding programs. An experiment was conducted over 2 years (fall 1999, 2000) using plants grown in field trials at 45°N latitude (−34.5 °C, minimum temperature). Germplasm for fall 1999, included n =5 numbered genotypes, n =8 cultivars from the University of Minnesota breeding program, and n =2 cultivars from Yoder and GroLink. In fall 2000 studies, germplasm consisted of n =5 cultivars (University of Minnesota) and n =10 cultivars (Yoder, GroLink). Four genotypes were included in both years. Ramets ( n =24) of each genotype were planted in May of each year. First-year, field-grown crowns ( n =3 replicatios/genotype) were dug each fall. Winter hardiness classifications were assigned to genotypes based on winter survival data for clones collected over the 2 years of the study. Data was collected on the number of emergent rhizomes, number of non-emergent rhizomes, proportion of total rhizomes that were emergent, fresh/dry weights, and measurements (length, diameter, % branching) of the five most basipetal rhizomes. Discriminant analysis was conducted on the pooled data for the 2 years. The data were divided into training and evaluation sets for analysis. The best discriminant function model included the variables as the number of emergent and non-emergent rhizomes, and average rhizome length. The success rate of the discriminant analysis was 88.9% for both the training and validation sets. Emergent rhizome number would be the easiest and only non-destructive trait for field selection. A second discriminant analysis was conducted using only number of emergent rhizomes. The one-variable model resulted in a success rate of 93.3% for the training set and 86.7% for the evaluation set. A garden chrysanthemum breeding program could collect data on emergent rhizome number in the fall of the first year’s growth to determine winter hardiness with 86.7% accuracy, confirm this with % winter survival (in test winters), and/or laboratory freezing tests.
PHARMACOGENOMICS : IT'S NOT JUST PHARMACOGENETICS

New technologies in both combinatorial chemistry and combinatorial biology promise to unlock new opportunities for drug discovery and lead optimisation. Using such genome-based technologies to measure the dynamic properties of pharmacological systems, pharmacogenomics can now provide an objective measure of a drug's biological efficacy, including its potential adverse effects.
The impact of interest rates, income, and employment upon regional housing prices

The objective of this article is to identify important differences in the way new housing prices react to local and national economic factors. The study finds that regional housing prices react uniformly to certain national economic factors, such as mortgage rates. On the other hand, local factors such as population shifts, employment, and income trends often have a unique impact on housing prices. The study rejects the hypothesis of a single national housing market in favor of one that allows for broad national trends to be superimposed upon unique regional markets.
Extraneural Metastases in Gliosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

This report details the case of an 11-year-old girl with gliosarcoma and her rapid demise after a brief asymptomatic postcraniotomy period. The discussion that follows is a collective review of the several aspects illustrated by the case history. Special attention is directed toward the pathological features of this histological variant of glioblastoma multiforme. The topic of extraneural metastasis is reviewed with regard to frequency, mechanisms, sites, and prognosis.
PUR7: CLINICAL CORRELATES WITH HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE SCORES AND SUBSCALES AMONG CONSULTING AND NON-CONSULTING INDIVIDUALS WITH STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE

OBJECTIVES: To measure clinical parameters and health-related quality of life using the incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) instrument among consulting and non-consulting stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients. METHODS: The I-QOL is a self-administered instrument that contains 22 items yielding a total score as well as three subscale scores (avoidance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial and social embarrassment). Physicians and consulting patients were identified in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands and the US. Study participants completed questionnaires to obtain diagnostic and treatment information for patients and to also gather details on demographics, symptoms and quality of life. The non-consulting patients (those who did not consult a doctor) were also asked to complete questionnaires regarding their symptoms and quality of life. Statistical analysis included t-tests and multiple regressions, adjusting for multiple comparisons using Hochberg's method. The analysis consisted of associations between I-QOL measures and treatment variables, diagnostic tests and severity of symptoms among consulting and non-consulting SUI patients. RESULTS: A sample of 2174 SUI consulting patients and 809 SUI non-consulting patients participated. Multivariate analysis showed that pad use among consulting patients was a predictor of the psychosocial subscale score (t = −3.52, p < 0.01) whereas leakage during exercise predicted the avoidance and limiting behaviors subscale scores among non-consulting SUI patients (t = −4.47, p < 0.05). The non-consulting SUI patients were younger than the consulting SUI patients (t = −8.99, p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in employment and marital status between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences in association between the I-QOL subscores and symptom severity among consulting and non-consulting SUI patients. There was a significant age difference between the non-consulting and consulting SUI patients. Evaluation of I-QOL differences between consulting and non-consulting patients will require additional study.
Lower bounds for polar and tensor ranks

If A is a symmetric complex valued n-linear function on then the tensor rank of A. denoted by r 1(A), is defined to be the smallest nonnegative integer q such that A is expressible as a linear combination of q decomposables. The polar rank of A, denoted by r 1(A) is defined to be the smallest non-negative integer q such that A is expressible as a linear combination of q powers — where by a power we mean a symmetric n-linear function of the form fn where . We present several lower bounds for r 1(A) and rp (A) that involve only the coefficients of A. Within the context of the polynomial algebra our results provide estimates for the minimum number of linearly factorable degree n homogeneous polynomials necessary to represent a given homogeneous degree n polynomial, and for the minimum number of homogeneous nth powers necessary to represent a given degree n homogeneous polynomial.
Testosterone pellet implantation.

TESTOSTERONE has found a definite place in the treatment of certain human diseases and syndromes. Although its value has been widely discussed and debated, it is nevertheless a specific therapy in conditions such as eunuchoidism and hypogonadism. The preparations and modes of administration vary—testosterone in oil by injection, methyl testosterone by mouth or sub-lingually, testosterone in cream by inunction, and so on. A previous paper (1) dealt with the implantation of testosterone pellets1 as a method of administration. At that time a report was made of observations on 130 implants in 47 patients. Since then 52 more pellet implantations have been made, making a total of 182 in 61 patients. As proof of its practicability, efficacy, and desirability, this further report of two selected cases, who have received 19 and 12 implants respectively, is herewith presented. Case 1 E. W. presented himself at the age of 32 years on January 23, 1941.
β-endorphin modulation of mitogen-stimulated calcium uptake by rat thymocytes

Lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens or antigens exhibit an enhanced calcium uptake early in the proliferation or activation response. Modulation of this calcium uptake results in alterations of proliferation and immunocompetence. ..beta..-endorphin and other opioids affect several parameters of lymphocyte competence. Limited data are available concerning the mechanism(s) of these effects. This study examines whether a possible opioid mechanism is the modification of the early calcium influx into stimulated lymphocytes. The time course of both concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake into thymocytes was characterized to determine the optimal time for testing the effects of opioids. BETA-Endorphin 1-31 significantly enhanced Con A-stimulated /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake into rat thymocytes. This peptide had no significant effect on PHA-simulated /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake or on basal thymocyte /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ flux. The ..beta../sub h/-endorphin stimulatory effect was titratable in the range of 0.1 nM to 10 ..mu..M. Naloxone did not reverse the enhancement. Met-enkephalinamide and other opioid agonists did not duplicate the stimulatory effect. Thus, the ..beta../sub h/-endorphin 1-31 enhancement of Con A-stimulated /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake by rat thymocytes does not operate via classical opioid receptor mechanisms. ..beta../sub h/-endorphin 1-31 appears tomore » be acting on a subset of T cells that are responsive to Con A but not to PHA. 30 references, 4 figures, 1 table.« less
Reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis: a pilot study conducted on biopsy specimens

Background Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) currently requires endoscopic biopsy and histopathologic analysis of the biopsy specimens to count intraepithelial eosinophils. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an endomicroscopy technology that is capable of obtaining high-resolution, optically sectioned images of esophageal mucosa without the administration of exogenous contrast. Objective In this study, we investigated the capability of a high-speed form of RCM, termed spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM), to count intraepithelial esophageal eosinophils and characterize other microscopic findings of EoE. Design A total of 43 biopsy samples from 35 pediatric patients and 8 biopsy samples from 8 adult patients undergoing EGD for EoE were imaged by SECM immediately after their removal and then processed for routine histopathology. Two SECM readers, trained on adult cases, prospectively counted intraepithelial eosinophils and detected the presence of abscess, degranulation, and basal cell hyperplasia on SECM images from the pediatric patients. A pathologist blinded to the SECM data analyzed the same from corresponding slides. Setting The Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital. Results Eosinophils by SECM demonstrated a higher reflectance than the surrounding cells and other inflammatory cells. There was good correlation between SECM and histology maximum eosinophil counts/high-power field ( R = 0.76, P R = 0.93 and R = 0.92, respectively; P Limitation Ex vivo study. Conclusions This study demonstrates that RCM can be used to accurately count intraepithelial eosinophils and identify other microscopic abnormalities associated with EoE on freshly excised biopsy samples. These findings suggest that RCM may be developed into a tool for assessing eosinophilic infiltration in the esophagus in vivo.
Physiological responses of resistant and susceptible reproductive stage soybean to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) feeding

We examined the physiological responses of four soybean genotypes (KS4202, K-1639-2, ‘Jackson,’ ‘Asgrow 2703’) to soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) feeding in reproductive stage soybeans (R1, beginning bloom). Photosynthetic capacity was evaluated by taking survey measurements at 7, 17, 24, and 28 days after aphid introduction and by measuring assimilation/internal CO2 (ACi) curves at 29 days after aphid introduction. There were no significant differences in survey measurements between the control and infested KS4202, K-1639-2, Jackson, and Asgrow 2703 plants at 7, 17, 24, and 28 days after aphid introduction. At 29 days after aphid introduction, Asgrow 2703 plants showed a significant reduction in photosynthetic capacity compared to its control plants, while infested KS4202 plants had photosynthetic rates similar to control plants, suggesting the plant’s ability to compensate for aphid feeding. Differences in gas-exchange parameters, specifically Jmax and CE, between control and infested Asgrow 2703 plants showed that soybean aphid feeding negatively impacts the carbon-linked/dark reactions, specifically rubisco activity and RuBP regeneration. This research also investigated the role of peroxidases in the defense response of soybeans to the soybean aphid. Enzyme kinetics studies documented the up-regulation of peroxidase activity for both Asgrow 2703 and KS4202 aphid-infested plants compared to their respective uninfested control plants at 24 and 28 days after aphid introduction. Peroxidase expression profiles identified differences in the isozyme profiles of aphid-infested and control plants for Asgrow 2703 and KS4202. Differences between physiological responses of infested KS4202 and Asgrow 2703, particularly temporal changes in photosynthesis activity, imply that KS4202 tolerates some impacts of soybean aphid feeding on photosynthetic integrity.
Organic matter transport in an Appalachian Mountain river in Virginia, U.S.A.

Organic material transport in the New River, Virginia, was investigated over a 12 month period. Collections were made using drift nets and grab water samples from bridges at two sites about 210 km apart. About midway between the two sampling sites is a 1920 ha impoundment used for flood control and power generation. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) ranged 1–50 mg l−1 at Site 1, upstream from the impoundment, and 11–19 mg l−1 at Site 2 and was the most abundant form of organic matter at both sites during most periods of the year. Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) ranged 1–45 mg l−1 at Site 1 and 1–9 mg l−1 at Site 2. Concentration of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) ranged 0.1–0.7 mg l−1 at Site 1 and 0.1–0.2 mg l−1 at Site 2. On an annual basis, the organic matter loads at Site 1 and Site 2 were computed to be 67 000 and 76 800 T y−1, respectively, suggesting that the impoundment trapped and processed POM, and that municipal and industrial treatment facilities between the study sites supplemented DOM in the river.
Electrical and Radiation Characteristics of MOS/SOS Linear Devices

The potential of MOS devices for application to radiation-hardened digital systems has been recognized for several years. However, MOS devices have not been widely used for linear applications in integrated circuits (MSI or LSI)-- even though integration of analog and digital MOS functions on the same chip can provide significant advantages in volume, power, and reliability. The advantages result primarily from a substantial reduction in the number of packages required to perform a given subsystem function. In addition, the overall (potential) radiation hardness of linear MOS/SOS structures is the highest of any low-power linear technology. This paper summarizes the characteristics of MOS/SOS building blocks and circuits fabricated specifically to define optimum design parameters and design techniques for linear MOS/SOS circuits. Meaningful statistical data, which outline the capabilities and limitations of MOS/SOS linear integrated- circuit functions, are also presented. Finally, the effects of radiation on a building-block linear integrated circuit are described in detail. (auth)
Linking trade and productivity : new research directions

It is a mistake to think of productivity growth as an orderly shift in the production function of the representative plant. Gradual processes of technological diffusion or the displacement of inefficient plants with efficient ones are what matter. Trade orientation may affect these processes through many channels. Exposure to increased foreign competition is found to be associated with improvements in the average level of technical efficiency, reductions in the cross-plant dispersion in technical efficiency, and reductions in plant size. However, preliminary work suggests no clear link between trade policies and patterns of entry and exit.
Regression of Cardiac Amyloid After Autologous Stem-cell Transplantation

Primary cardiac amyloid has a dismal prognosis and most treatments are experimental with highly variable results. Although autologous stem-cell transplant in conjunction with high-dose chemotherapy has yielded regression of amyloid in other body tissues, the presence of cardiac involvement contraindicates stem-cell transfer due to high treatment mortality. We describe the successful treatment of cardiac amyloid using autologous stem-cell transplantation and the resultant regression of the cardiac amyloid.
EFFECT OF SOME MODIFICATIONS TO OXLEY'S MACHINING THEORY AND THE APPLICABILITY OF DIFFERENT MATERIAL MODELS

Oxley's machining theory has recently been extended[1] to accept material property inputs in the form of widely used constitutive models such as the Johnson–Cook and MTS material models. In the process, additional modifications have been made to the model to improve its self-consistency. For instance, the shear force is obtained from the total work of deformation, thereby eliminating the unknown parameter η, and the hydrostatic pressure at the tool-chip interface is calculated considering the gradient in temperature in addition to the gradient in strain. This study is aimed at understanding the effect of these modifications separate from the changes due to the introduction of the new material models by comparing results obtained using Oxley's original model to that obtained with the above modifications. We also compare results obtained using different constitutive models for AISI 1045 to the experimental results of the “Assessment of Machining Models” effort.
Stopping of Cf252 fission fragments in emulsion

An investigation was carried out to locate the rest position of fission fragments from Cf/sup 252/ in Ilford K5 emulsion with respect to the end of the fragment track. This was found to be 0.131 plus or minus 0.053 mu before the end of the fragment track, showing no clear indication of an extended range due to an ionization defect. The mean range of the fission fragments was 13.64 plus or minus 0.19 mu with a standard deviation of 1.61 mu . Cf/sup 252/ was found to decay 97.33 plus or minus 1.41% by alpha decay and 2.67 plus or minus 0.17% by spontaneous fission. (auth)
The Seismo-Lineament Analysis Method (SLAM): A Reconnaissance Tool to Help Find Seismogenic Faults

The Seismo-Lineament Analysis Method (SLAM) integrates data from earthquakes, geomorphology, and geological fieldwork to facilitate recognition of seismogenic faults. SLAM is a set of procedures that can spatially correlate a nodal plane from an earthquake focal-mechanism solution with faults observed at the ground surface. The intersection of the ground surface with the uncertainty volume of a given nodal plane defines a seismo-lineament . The surface trace of the fault that produced the earthquake is likely to be located within the seismo-lineament (1) if the nodal plane is coincident with the fault, (2) if the fault is emergent, and (3) if the fault is approximately planar at the scale of the analysis. As an example, SLAM was applied to a M2.9 earthquake with a strike-slip focal-mechanism solution and an epicenter near Point Dume in the Santa Monica Mountains, southern California. Geomorphic lineaments and several faults with low pressure-temperature (PT) gouge zones and sub-horizontal shear striae were observed within and parallel to the seismo-lineament of a nodal plane oriented 095 75SW associated with left-lateral strike slip. This zone of strike-slip faults is not included on published maps and will require additional fieldwork to characterize. Extending >20 km, this may be an important (perhaps newly emergent) structure in the Santa Monica Mountains. Under appropriate circumstances, SLAM can generate spatial hypotheses relating earthquakes to faults observed at the ground surface, even in cases when lack of Holocene cover may constrain trench studies.
Components of partial resistance to Leptosphaeria nodorum among seven soft red winter wheats

Seven soft red winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for partial resistance to Leptosphaeria nodorum under field conditions. The results demonstrate that resistance is available among cultivars that are adapted to the southeastern U.S. and that resistance is long lasting. Resistant cultivars had longer incubation and latent periods, slower rates of lesion development, and reduced the level of sporulation of L. nodorum. Seedlings of susceptible cultivars sustained severe disease with dew periods as short as 48 hr in greenhouse tests. One resistant cultivar sustained little damage with dew period as long as 144 hr.
Effect ofβ(in2)-adrenoceptor agonists against platelet-activating factor-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig

We have investigated the effect of inhaled formoterol (0.75 mg/ml, 60 breaths) and salbutamol (25 mg/ml, 60 breaths) against airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine in anaesthetized guinea pigs. Lung resistance (RL) was measured for 6 min after challenge, followed by measurement of extravasation of Evans blue dye into airway tissues, used as an index of airway microvascular leakage. PAF (0.1, 0.4 and 1 mM; 30 breaths) caused a significant increase inRL and extravasation of dye, but the responses were smaller than those induced by histamine (5 mM, 30 breaths). Both formoterol and salbutamol caused a small but significant inhibition of extravasation in the distal intrapulmonary airways induced by PAF (0.1 and 0.4 mM for formoterol and 0.1 mM for salbutamol), and only formoterol reduced the increase inRL induced by 1 mM PAF. These drugs also inhibited both airway effects of histamine to a higher degree. In conclusion, formoterol and salbutamol can partly inhibit airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled PAF and histamine. The inhibitory potency ofβ(in2)-adrenoceptor agonists may be dependent on the inflammatory mediator inducing the airway effects.
How Students “Unpack” the Structure of a Word Problem: Graphic Representations and Problem Solving

This research investigated how fourth and fifth grade students spontaneously ‘unpacked’ a word problem when generating a graphic representation to aid in problem solution. Relationships among the type of graphic representation produced, spatial visualization, drawing ability, gender, and problem solving also were examined and described. Instrumentation developed for the study included several math challenge tasks, a spatial visualization task, and a drawing task. For one of the math challenge tasks, students were instructed to draw a picture to assist them with problem solution. These graphic representations generated by students were rated as pictorial or as displaying some level of schematic representation. Schematic representations included germane information from the problem supportive of problem solution. Pictorial representations included expressive and extraneous elements not necessary for problem solution, with no schematic elements. Findings indicated that the majority of students rendered schematic representations, with girls more likely than boys to use schematic representations at a statistically significant level. Students who used schematic visual representations were more successful problem solvers than those pictorially representing problem elements. The more “schematic-like” the visual representation, the more successful students were at problem solution. Drawing a pictorial representation in the math challenge task also was negatively correlated to drawing skill.
Tumor progression following portal vein embolization for colorectal liver metastasis: impact on long-term outcomes

Tumor progression following portal vein embolization for colorectal liver metastasis: impact on long-term outcomes Eve Simoneau, MD, Mazen Hassanain, MD, PhD, FACS, FRCSC, Murad Aljiffry, MD, MSc, FRCSC, Prosanto K Chaudhury, MD, MSc, FRCSC, FACS, Georges Zogopoulos, MD, PhD, FRCSC, FACS, Nasser Abualhassan, MD, David Valenti, MDCM, Tatiana Cabrera, MD, Nouran Molla, MBBS, Peter Metrakos, MD, FACS, FRCSC King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
Trail of an Ionospheric Satellite I

HENOMENA associated with the motion of artificial satellites in the ionosphere or in the interplanetary medium have received considerable attention in recent years. The fundamental interest of the problems as well as their significance in relation to tracking of vehicles, diagnostics of flows, understanding and design of experiments are widely recognized. The principal physical aspects as well as the theoretical framework for their analysis have recently been reviewed and discussed in a monography by Al'pert, Gurevich, and Pitaevskii.1 The main features of the flow about an ionospheric satellite arise from the characteristics of the environment. The rarefied medium is partially ionized and subject to interactions with the self-induced electric field and the geomagnetic field as well as with the vehicle. Different perturbations arise in the neutral and in the charged components of the gas; the differences become particularly marked in the trail of the satellite. For example, previous studies1 have indicated that, in the absence of interparticle collisions and of electric field effects, the trail of a spherical vehicle with trajectory parallel to the geomagnetic field exhibits ion density perturbations having undamped periodic amplitude in the streamwise direction; to the same approximation the density perturbation in the neutral gas decays with the inverse square of the distance downstream of the vehicle. In general the dimensions of the ion and electron trail greatly exceed those of the body and the associated electron density disturbances can lead to considerable scattering of electromagnetic waves. In fact radar observation of satellites and other bodies moving through the Ft layer of the ionosphere has sometimes, although not always, detected an extraordinari ly large response (see, for example, Ref.2). The nature of the effects associated with satellite flight depends strongly on the properties of the medium through
Athletic Training Students' Perceptions of and Academic Preparation in the Use of Psychological Skills in Sport Injury Rehabilitation.

Context: Injured athletes rely on athletic trainers to assist them when recovering from injury. Over the last 20 years, the use of psychological skills to speed recovery has become increasingly popular. Objective: Explore athletic training students' perceptions of the importance and effectiveness of psychological skills in the rehabilitation of sport injury as well as their academic preparation in their use, and examine the differences in perceived effectiveness for those with and without formal training in the skill. Design: Survey. Setting: Athletic training students enrolled in CAATE-accredited athletic training programs. Participants: 180 athletic training students (males, n = 76; females, n = 104) from nine universities. Data Collection & Analysis: The survey included 15 questions from the Attitudes About Imagery (AAI) survey and a demographic section including questions about their educational preparation, use of, and interest in psychological skills training. Two chi-square analyses, two ANOVAs, an...
Delayed VEGF Treatment Enhances Angiogenesis and Recovery After Neonatal Focal Rodent Stroke

Neonatal stroke occurs in one in 4,000 live births and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Approximately two thirds of the survivors have long-term sequelae including seizures and neurological deficits. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of recovery after neonatal stroke are not clearly understood, and preventive measures and treatments are nonexistent in the clinical setting. In this study, we investigated the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment on histological recovery and angiogenic response to the developing brain after an ischemic insult. Ten-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right middle cerebral arterial occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h. Diffusion-weighted MRI during occlusion confirmed focal ischemia that was then followed by reperfusion. On group of animals received 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and sacrificed at postnatal day (P)18 or P25. A second group of animals was treated with VEGF (1.5 µg/kg, icv) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at P18 and perfusion fixed at P25. Based on Nissl and iron staining, a single VEGF injection reduced the injury score, compared to the animals that underwent MCAO and PBS injection. Furthermore, neurodegeneration represented by neuronal nuclei staining was markedly diminished. In addition, animals treated with VEGF revealed a positive trend in endothelial proliferation and a significant increase in total vessel volume in the peri-infarct region of the caudate. The number of Iba1-positive microglial cells was significantly reduced after a single VEGF injection, and myelin basic protein expression was enhanced in the caudate after ischemia without an effect of VEGF treatment. In conclusion, delayed treatment with VEGF ameliorates injury, promotes endothelial cell proliferation, and increases total vascular volume following neonatal stroke. These results suggest that VEGF has a neuroprotective effect, in part by enhancing endogenous angiogenesis. These data contribute to a better understanding of neonatal stroke.
A census of membrane-bound and intracellular signal transduction proteins in bacteria: Bacterial IQ, extroverts and introverts

Analysis of complete microbial genomes showed that intracellular parasites and other microorganisms that inhabit stable ecological niches encode relatively primitive signaling systems, whereas environmental microorganisms typically have sophisticated systems of environmental sensing and signal transduction. This paper presents results of a comprehensive census of signal transduction proteins – histidine kinases, methyl-accepting chemotaxis receptors, Ser/Thr/Tyr protein kinases, adenylate and diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases – encoded in 167 bacterial and archaeal genomes, sequenced by the end of 2004. The data have been manually checked to avoid false-negative and false-positive hits that commonly arise during large-scale automated analyses and compared against other available resources. The census data show uneven distribution of most signaling proteins among bacterial and archaeal phyla. The total number of signal transduction proteins grows approximately as a square of genome size. While histidine kinases are found in representatives of all phyla and are distributed according to the power law, other signal transducers are abundant in certain phylogenetic groups but virtually absent in others. The complexity of signaling systems differs even among closely related organisms. Still, it usually can be correlated with the phylogenetic position of the organism, its lifestyle, and typical environmental challenges it encounters. The number of encoded signal transducers (or their fraction in the total protein set) can be used as a measure of the organism's ability to adapt to diverse conditions, the 'bacterial IQ', while the ratio of transmembrane receptors to intracellular sensors can be used to define whether the organism is an 'extrovert', actively sensing the environmental parameters, or an 'introvert', more concerned about its internal homeostasis. Some of the microorganisms with the highest IQ, including the current leader Wolinella succinogenes, are found among the poorly studied beta-, delta- and epsilon-proteobacteria. Among all bacterial phyla, only cyanobacteria appear to be true introverts, probably due to their capacity to conduct oxygenic photosynthesis, using a complex system of intracellular membranes. The census data, available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Complete_Genomes/SignalCensus.html , can be used to get an insight into metabolic and behavioral propensities of each given organism and improve prediction of the organism's properties based solely on its genome sequence.
Redox-responsive self-assembled chain-shattering polymeric therapeutics

We report the design and development of redox-responsive chain-shattering polymeric therapeutics (CSPTs). CSPTs were synthesized by condensation polymerization and further modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) via “Click” reaction. Size-controlled CSPT nanoparticles (NPs) were formed through nanoprecipitation with high drug loading (up to 18%); the particle size increased in a concentration dependent manner. Drug release from particles was well controlled over 48 h upon redox triggering. The anticancer efficacy of the CSPT NPs was validated both in vitro and in vivo.
In search of the liquidity effect in a modern monetary model

Abstract This paper examines the impact of a monetary policy shock in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with sticky prices and financial market frictions. First, we examine the shortcomings of monetary models emphasizing these frictions individually. The model then is specified to limit the response of prices and savings to a current period monetary disturbance. Our results show that this model can account for the following key responses to an expansionary monetary policy shock: a fall in the nominal interest rate; a rise in output, consumption, and investment; and a gradual increase in the price level. Finally, a detailed sensitivity analysis shows the model's results depend on the parameters assigned to critical structural features.
Large amplitude modulation of high-order harmonic generation from vibrationally excited molecules

We observe large vibrationally-induced modulations in high order harmonic conversion in N2O4. We explain this unexpected result as due to the changing electronic structure induced by the vibration, leading to preferential emission at the outer turning point of the vibration.
Radio resource control protocol configuration for optimum Web browsing

Web browsing is expected to be one of the most widely used applications over the future generations of wireless networks. The radio resource control (RRC) protocol configuration for maximum radio system capacity and optimum application performance depends on the characteristics of the network, the system and the application data traffic. It is essential to estimate, a priori, the required values of the RRC protocol configuration parameters so that the system can be configured for optimum performance. In this paper we consider the support of Web browsing applications over the 3/sup rd/ generation wireless networks. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the Web browsing performance, system control overhead and the RRC protocol parameter values for various network and application characteristics. We also estimate these RRC parameter values for optimum operating condition considering realistic models of the network, system and applications. From the simulation results, we observe that the required system control overhead for optimum Web browsing performance is small in realistic scenarios of 3/sup rd/ generation wireless networks.