cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An architecture for coordinating multiple self-management systems

A common approach to adding self-management capabilities to a system is to provide one or more external control modules, whose responsibility is to monitor system behavior, and adapt the system at run time to achieve various goals (configure the system, improve performance, recover from faults, etc.). An important problem arises when there is more than one such self-management module: how can one make sure that they are composed to provide consistent and complementary benefits? In this paper we describe a solution that introduces a self-management coordination architecture and infrastructure to support such composition. We focus on the problem of coordinating self-configuring and self-healing capabilities, particularly with respect to global configuration and incremental repair. We illustrate the approach in the context of a self-managing video teleconference system that composes two preexisting adaptation modules to achieve synergistic benefits of both.
Revision Using Distal Inflow: A Novel Approach to Dialysis-associated Steal Syndrome

Current access-preserving treatment options for dialysis-associated steal syndrome (DASS) include fistula lengthening or banding and distal revascularization interval ligation (DRIL). We describe a novel technique for the treatment of DASS that we have termed revision using distal inflow (RUDI). Briefly, the technique involves ligation of the fistula at its origin followed by reestablishment of the fistula via bypass from a more distal arterial source to the venous limb. Four patients with brachial artery-based arteriovenous fistula and DASS underwent RUDI as described above using either the proximal radial or ulnar artery as inflow and vein as conduit. Patients were diagnosed with DASS based on the clinical findings of pain, pallor, loss of radial pulse, and sensorimotor dysfunction after creation of an AVF. Noninvasive vascular studies confirmed diminished finger pressures that improved with compression of the fistula. All patients experienced rapid resolution of their symptoms, although one patient complained of mild residual parasthesias. Follow-up ranging from 4 to 14 months has revealed patent functional fistulas. These initial results demonstrate that RUDI can be an effective treatment of DASS. By design, RUDI incorporates many of the advantages of established access-preserving procedures. That is, by using a smaller distal artery as inflow, RUDI lengthens the fistula, decreases the radius, and preserves antegrade flow in the brachial artery. In contrast to DRIL, it is the fistula, not the native arterial supply, that is placed at risk by ligation and revascularization. Consequently, we believe that RUDI may become the procedure of choice for DASS after brachial artery-based fistulas.
Modeling and measuring the nocturnal drainage flow in a high‐elevation, subalpine forest with complex terrain

[1] The nocturnal drainage flow of air causes significant uncertainty in ecosystem CO2, H2O, and energy budgets determined with the eddy covariance measurement approach. In this study, we examined the magnitude, nature, and dynamics of the nocturnal drainage flow in a subalpine forest ecosystem with complex terrain. We used an experimental approach involving four towers, each with vertical profiling of wind speed to measure the magnitude of drainage flows and dynamics in their occurrence. We developed an analytical drainage flow model, constrained with measurements of canopy structure and SF6 diffusion, to help us interpret the tower profile results. Model predictions were in good agreement with observed profiles of wind speed, leaf area density, and wind drag coefficient. Using theory, we showed that this one-dimensional model is reduced to the widely used exponential wind profile model under conditions where vertical leaf area density and drag coefficient are uniformly distributed. We used the model for stability analysis, which predicted the presence of a very stable layer near the height of maximum leaf area density. This stable layer acts as a flow impediment, minimizing vertical dispersion between the subcanopy air space and the atmosphere above the canopy. The prediction is consistent with the results of SF6 diffusion observations that showed minimal vertical dispersion of nighttime, subcanopy drainage flows. The stable within-canopy air layer coincided with the height of maximum wake-to-shear production ratio. We concluded that nighttime drainage flows are restricted to a relatively shallow layer of air beneath the canopy, with little vertical mixing across a relatively long horizontal fetch. Insight into the horizontal and vertical structure of the drainage flow is crucial for understanding the magnitude and dynamics of the mean advective CO2 flux that becomes significant during stable nighttime conditions and are typically missed during measurement of the turbulent CO2 flux. The model and interpretation provided in this study should lead to research strategies for the measurement of these advective fluxes and their inclusion in the overall mass balance for CO2 at this site with complex terrain.
Introduction to the Electronic Government Track

After several years of incubation within the Emerging Technologies Track, the former cluster of minitracks dedicated to electronic Government (e-Government, e-Gov, digital government) has matured into a self-standing Electronic Government Track at HICSS39. During those past years of incubation, an ever increasing number of quality e-Government-related submissions to HICSS have greatly helped establish this track as a premier academic platform for researchers in the field. With 55% accepted submissions from outside the US, the HICSS-based e-Government Track (like the annual EGOV sub-conferences at DEXA or the NSF-sponsored dg.o. conferences) is a truly global academic event and has provided the young field with tremendous tailwind by accelerating the scholarly exchange. It has also structured and shaped the research agenda in bringing together different research traditions. The e-Gov research tradition further distinguishes itself from other fields by seemingly more readily exploring and employing truly inter- and multidisciplinary research designs. This gives the young field a unique flavor and importance within the academic spectrum.
Protected silver coatings for flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass amplifiers

A durable protected silver coating was designed and fabricated for possible use on flashlamp reflectors in the National Ignition Facility to avoid tarnishing under corrosive conditions and intense visible light. This coating provides a valuable alternative for mirror coatings where high reflectance and durability are important requirements. This paper describes a protected silver coating having high reflectance from 400 nm to 10,000 nm. The specular reflectance is between 95 percent and 98 percent in the visible region and 98 percent or better in the IR region.
Reconstruction-reprojection processing of transmission scans and the variance of PET images

Two methods for processing noisy transmission sinograms are compared on the basis of the sample variances of emission images reconstructed from simulated data. The first method, reconstruction-reprojection, reconstructs a transmission image and then reprojects and exponentiates it to form a smoothed set of attenuation correction factors. The other method low-pass filters each projection in the transmission data. Reconstruction-reprojection significantly reduces the variance of the attenuation correction factors even when the reconstruction step uses a ramp filter. Simulations were done to determine whether this reduction translates into a lower variance for the reconstructed emission image compared to low-pass filtering. A 20-cm cylinder was simulated for transmission sinograms with 0.5, 1, and 5 million counts. Emission sinograms were noiseless. Transmission sinograms were processed using Hanning filters with cutoff frequencies of 15%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of the Nyquist rate as well as a ramp filter. For high count conditions, reconstruction-reprojection processing reduced attenuation correction factor variances by a factor of 2.44 compared to low-pass filtering. However, the image variances obtained with both methods were not significantly different. >
BACTERIAL ASSOCIATIONS WITH MARINE OSCILLATORIA SP. (TRICHODESMIUM SP.) POPULATIONS: ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS1

On three separate occasions we investigated morphological and physiological aspects of bacterial associations with planktonic aggregates of the ubiquitous marine N2 fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium sp. Close associations generally characterized Trichodesmium blooms; associations were present during day- and night-time. Colonization by both rod-shaped and filamentous heterotrophic bacteria occurred on Trichodesmiun aggregates actively fixing N2 (acetylene reduction). Scanning electron and optical microscopy showed bacteria located both around and within aggregates. Microautoradiography demonstrated that associated bacteria largely mediated utilization of trace additions of 3H-labeled carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, mannitol) and amino acids, whereas Trichodesmium utilized amino acids only. Oxygen measurements using microelectrodes revealed high localized oxygen consumption among aggregates, with rapid (within a minute) changes from supersaturated to subsaturated oxygen following the transition from photosynthetic illuminated to dark periods. Stab culturing techniques confirmed the presence of heterotrophic N2 fixers among aggregate-associated bacteria. Parallel deployment of oxygen microelectrodes, the tetrazolium salt 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and acetylene reduction assays demonstrated microaerophilic requirements for expression of nitrogenase activity among cultured bacteria. Trichodesmium aggregates are characterized by dynamic nutrient and oxygen regimes, which promote and maintain simultaneous and contiguous oxygenic photosynthesis and N2 fixation. In part, the above-mentioned consortial interactions with a variety of heterotrophic bacteria facilitate Trichodesmium biomass production and bloom formation in nitrogen depleted, oligotrophic tropical/subtropical waters.
Mitochondrial Phosphoproteome Revealed by an Improved IMAC Method and MS/MS/MS

IMAC in combination with mass spectrometry is a promising approach for global analysis of protein phosphorylation. Nevertheless this approach suffers from two shortcomings: inadequate efficiency of IMAC and poor fragmentation of phosphopeptides in the mass spectrometer. Here we report optimization of the IMAC procedure using 32P-labeled tryptic peptides and development of MS/MS/MS (MS3) for identifying phosphopeptide sequences and phosphorylation sites. The improved IMAC method allowed recovery of phosphorylated tryptic peptides up to ∼77% with only minor retention of unphosphorylated peptides. MS3 led to efficient fragmentation of the peptide backbone in phosphopeptides for sequence assignment. Proteomics of mitochondrial phosphoproteins using the resulting IMAC protocol and MS3 revealed 84 phosphorylation sites in 62 proteins, most of which have not been reported before. These results revealed diverse phosphorylation pathways involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Integration of the optimized batchwise IMAC protocol with MS3 offers a relatively simple and more efficient approach for proteomics of protein phosphorylation.
RAB8 IN RETINAL PHOTORECEPTORS MAY PARTICIPATE IN RHODOPSIN TRANSPORT AND IN ROD OUTER SEGMENT DISK MORPHOGENESIS

Small GTP-binding protein rab8 regulates transport from the TGN to the basolateral plasma membrane in epithelial cells and to the dendritic plasma membrane in cultured hippocampal neurons. In our approach to identify proteins involved in rhodopsin transport and sorting in retinal photoreceptors, we have found, using [32P]GTP overlays of 2D gel blots, that six small GTP-binding proteins are tightly bound to the post-Golgi membranes immunoisolated with a mAb to the cytoplasmic domain of frog rhodopsin. We report here that one of these proteins is rab8. About 50% of photoreceptor rab8 is membrane associated and approximately 13% is tightly bound to the post-Golgi vesicles. By confocal microscopy, antibody to rab8 specifically labels calycal processes and the actin bundles of the photoreceptor inner segment that extend inward to the junctional complexes that comprise the outer limiting membrane. Anti-rab8 shows a striking periodicity of high density labeling at 1 +/- 0.12 microns intervals along the actin bundles. Rhodopsin-bearing post-Golgi membranes cluster around the base of the cilium where rab8 and actin are also co-localized, as revealed by confocal microscopy of retinal sections double labeled with anti-rab8 and phalloidin. Microfilaments have been implicated in rod outer segment (ROS) disk morphogenesis. Our data suggest that rab6, which we have previously localized to the post-Golgi compartment, and rab8 associate with the post-Golgi membranes sequentially at different stages of transport. rab8 may mediate later steps that involve interaction of transport membranes with actin filaments and may participate in microfilament-dependent ROS disk morphogenesis.
The Surprising Lack of Effect of Privacy Concerns on Intention to Use Online Social Networks

The number of users of Online Social Networks (OSNs) has increased dramatically. To join OSNs, users need to disclose their information to others. If people have higher levels of privacy concerns, they may hesitate to expose their information. Therefore, privacy concerns should be an important factor affecting the use of OSNs. Based on prior studies, we investigate how individuals’ perceived benefits (usefulness, playfulness) and perceived costs (privacy concern) directly influence their intention to continue using OSNs, and how the benefits are mediated by cost factors in cognitive cost-benefit calculations. We suggest five hypotheses and examine them empirically with 391 survey responses. The results only support the direct effect of perceived benefits on OSNs. Results do not show any direct effect or mediation effect of privacy concerns on the intention to use OSNs. This paper contributes to future social network studies by providing a conceptual framework as well as empirical results.
Evidence-based guidelines: application to clinical practice.

This special issue of Physical Therapy contains 4 clinical practice guidelines for physical therapist management of musculoskeletal conditions. These clinical practice guidelines were developed using systematic reviews of the literature and provide the reader with evidence suitable for evidence-based physical therapist practice. It is the responsibility of the individual clinician, however, to determine the applicability of the evidence from these guidelines to individual patients. The purposes of this article are to review the benefits and limitations of clinical practice guidelines in general and to discuss strategies for application to individual patients. Although users of clinical practice guidelines may include clinicians, payers, regulatory agencies, and patients, the focus of this article is on uses by physical therapy clinicians. Clinical practice guidelines are defined by the Institute of Medicine as systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.1 In the past 10 years, the number of practice guidelines appearing in the medical literature has increased rapidly. For example, of the nearly 5,500 articles indexed by MEDLINE through 2000 according to the publication type “practice guideline,” over 5,000 were published between 1991 and 2000, with almost 700 of these articles appearing in 2000. One reason often given for the development of practice guidelines is to improve the quality of patient care.2 The consolidation and gauging of recent evidence from the literature about the relative effectiveness of various treatment strategies should result in clinicians changing their attitudes about treatment choices, which will lead to behavior changes (eg, greater use of treatments with known effectiveness) and ultimately improved patient outcomes. Guidelines attempt to accomplish this by making summary recommendations based on available evidence. The appearance of terms such as “systematic” within guidelines does not ensure that the guidelines were developed using a structured review …
Decentralized Authorization and Privacy-Enhanced Routing for Information-Centric Networks

As information-centric networks are deployed in increasingly diverse settings, there is a growing need to protect the privacy of participants. We describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a security framework that achieves this. It ensures the integrity and confidentiality of published content, the associated descriptive metadata, and the interests of subscribers. Publishers can scope access to the content, as well as which nodes in the network can broker access to it. Subscribers can limit which nodes can see their interests. Scopes are defined as policies over attributes of the individual nodes. The system transparently realizes the policies with suitable cryptographic primitives. It supports deployment in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc environments where trust may derive from multiple independent sources. Further, no external public key infrastructure is assumed. We also report on the overhead that the security adds in actual deployments on Android devices.
A Combinatorial Proof of a Partition Function Limit

(1971). A Combinatorial Proof of a Partition Function Limit. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 276-278.
CT-Guided Needle Placement in the Central Nervous System: Results in 146 Consecutive Patients

The authors present their experiences with 185 computed tomography (CT)-guided needle placement procedures in 146 consecutive patients. There was 100% accuracy in first-pass entry into the lesion using a needle guide; 100% success in drainage of intracranial abscesses; 100% success in palliative decompression of intracranial cystic lesions including tumor cysts; and 97% accuracy in histologic diagnosis of unknown lesions. CT-guided aspiration biopsy corrected clinically incorrect diagnoses and altered patient management in 23% of all cases biopsied. Tabulation of complications revealed 0% incidence of scalp infection, bone infection, dissemination of tumor, or dissemination of infection; 13.5% incidence of clinically in significant postprocedural bleeding; and 0.5% incidence of serious postprocedural hemorrhage leading to death (one patient only). Transient hemipareses were observed in three of 22 procedures for implantation of 192 Ir but in none of 163 procedures for aspiration biopsy alone.
Effects of Calcium on Adenylate Cyclase, as Part of the Ca2+-cAMP Feedback in Biological Communication

Normal function of the organism depends on a continuous flow of intercellular and intracellular information, which coordinates all biological (biochemical) processes. A few common principles underlie the transfer of biological information: (1) the information is stored in the structure of macromolecules (nucleic acids, enzymes, contractile proteins and others); (2) the transfer of information is often triggered by the interaction of the macro-molecule with a small molecule; (3) if the information transfer involves energy expenditure (work), it is done at the expense of existing potential energy, such as the ion gradients across nerve membranes, and is initiated by removal of inhibition; and (4) the information transfer frequently involves amplification (multiple copies of a template, many product molecules generated by one molecule of activated enzyme, etc.).
A Note on Varro and Etymologiae a Contrariis

Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 B.C.) has often been accused of propagating etymologies from contraries, e.g., war (bellum) is so called because it is not pretty (bellum). The facts prove otherwise, however, for he adduces only two such etymologies in his De Lingua Latina; one he rejects entirely, and the other he merely transmits. The mistaken attribution of etymologiae a contrariis to Varro derives from a misreading of Marcus Fabius Quintilian’s (c.5–100 A.D.) memorable diatribe against etymological excess wherein Varro can be guilty of formulating etymologiae a contrariis only by a false and unwarranted associatio,
Using Leaf Color Charts to Estimate Leaf Nitrogen Status of Rice

Leaf color charts (LCCs) have substituted for chlorophyll meter (SPAD) to estimate leaf N status of rice (Oryza saliva L.) and to properly time N fertilizer application. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare three different types of LCC in estimating leaf N status, (ii) determine if specific leaf weight (SLW) affects the estimation of dry weight-based N concentration (N dw ) by LCC, and (iii) determine the relationship between LCC scores and SPAD values. Two field experiments were conducted in the Philippines with different N rates and cultivars grown during 2000 wet season and 2001 dry season. The LCC score and SPAD reading were taken on uppermost fully expanded leaves at three growth stages, and SLW was calculated as the ratio of dry weight to leaf area. Nitrogen content was determined by micro-Kjeldahl procedure and expressed as N dw and leaf area-based N content (N a ). There was a linear relationship between LCC scores and N dw at each growth stage (R 2 range of 0.25-0.97) and across growth stages (R 2 range of 0.46-0.62). Adjusting LCC scores for SLW (LCC/SLW) greatly improved the prediction of N dw across growth stages (R 2 range of 0.84-0.92), suggesting that leaf thickness affects LCC scores. Leaf color chart estimated N, better than N dw across growth stages. Leaf color chart scores were closely related to SPAD values (R 2 range of 0.62-0.98). Strong correlations existed among the scores of the three types of LCC (r range of 0.93-0.99). They are all suitable for use by rice farmers in timing N topdressing.
Finite element simulation of Reference Point Indentation on bone.

Abstract Reference Point Indentation (RPI) is a novel technique aimed to assess bone quality. Measurements are recorded by the BioDent instrument that applies multiple indents to the same location of cortical bone. Ten RPI parameters are obtained from the resulting force–displacement curves. Using the commercial finite element analysis software Abaqus, we assess the significance of the RPI parameters. We create an axisymmetric model and employ an isotropic viscoelastic-plastic constitutive relation with damage to simulate indentations on a human cortical bone. Fracture of bone tissue is not simulated for simplicity. The RPI outputs are computed for different simulated test cases and then compared with experimental results, measured using the BioDent, found in literature. The number of cycles, maximum indentation load, indenter tip radius, and the mechanical properties of bone: Young׳s modulus, compressive yield stress, and viscosity and damage constants, are varied. The trends in the RPI parameters are then investigated. We find that the RPI parameters are sensitive to the mechanical properties of bone. An increase in Young׳s modulus of bone causes the force-displacement loading and unloading slopes to increase and the total indentation distance (TID) to decrease. The compressive yield stress is inversely proportional to a creep indentation distance (CID1) and the TID. The viscosity constant is proportional to the CID1 and an average of the energy dissipated (AvED). The maximum indentation load is proportional to the TID, CID1, loading and unloading slopes, and AvED. The damage parameter is proportional to the TID, but it is inversely proportional to both the loading and unloading slopes and the AvED. The value of an indenter tip radius is proportional to the CID1 and inversely proportional to the TID. The number of load cycles is inversely proportional to an average of a creep indentation depth (AvCID) and the AvED. The indentation distance increase (IDI) is strongly inversely proportional to the compressive yield stress, and strongly proportional to the viscosity constant and maximum applied load, but has weak relation with the damage parameter, indenter tip radius, and elastic modulus. This computational study advances our understanding of the RPI outputs and provides a starting point for more comprehensive computational studies of the RPI technique.
Easy Email Encryption

Steven Bellovin explains that with a little work and help from the five biggest Internet companies, we can have secure email.
H3K4me3 induces allosteric conformational changes in the DNA-binding and catalytic regions of the V(D)J recombinase

V(D)J recombination is initiated by the recombination-activating gene (RAG) recombinase, consisting of RAG-1 and RAG-2 subunits. The susceptibility of gene segments to cleavage by RAG is associated with histone modifications characteristic of active chromatin, including trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). Binding of H3K4me3 by a plant homeodomain (PHD) in RAG-2 stimulates substrate binding and catalysis, which are functions of RAG-1. This has suggested an allosteric mechanism in which information regarding occupancy of the RAG-2 PHD is transmitted to RAG-1. To determine whether the conformational distribution of RAG is altered by H3K4me3, we mapped changes in solvent accessibility of cysteine thiols by differential isotopic chemical footprinting. Binding of H3K4me3 to the RAG-2 PHD induces conformational changes in RAG-1 within a DNA-binding domain and in the ZnH2 domain, which acts as a scaffold for the catalytic center. Thus, engagement of H3K4me3 by the RAG-2 PHD is associated with dynamic conformational changes in RAG-1, consistent with allosteric control by active chromatin.
Beyond Gendered Universities? Implications for Research on Gender in Organizations

The purpose of this study is to understand the extent to which Acker’s (1990) concept of gendered organizations frames extant scholarship and to explore the implications of using this framework to address gender inequities in organizational life, and particularly in academe. Through a systematic analysis of articles, we found that while Acker’s work is highly cited, few studies use Acker’s theory as it was originally intended. We also identified limitations of Acker’s theory as well as the ways in which scholars have applied it in their own work. We argue the need for scholars who are informed by Acker to engage with all aspects of her theory and push it in new directions. We also challenge scholars of gender and organizations to integrate multiple, and perhaps more complicated, frameworks in order to understand academe in more nuanced ways and to generate new ideas to enhance social justice.
Extracting surface impedance method for an anisotropic polygon unit cell

One patterning technique, the point shifting method, has enabled generating smoothly varying, and highly anisotropic impedance surfaces with a wide range of patch sizes and shapes. Previously the surface impedances of each different shape of unit cell were assumed by the impedance of similar size rectangular cells. In this work, we studied an approach to calculate more accurate surface impedances for anisotropic polygon unit cells, based on the moment of inertia equations. The method is verified by simulations.
A combinatory mucosal vaccine against influenza and botulism

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most poisonous substances known in nature and cause the life-threatening botulism. Currently, there is no FDA licensed botulism vaccine available for public use. Influenza is still an important problem for public health and current influenza vaccines are not optimal for protection against seasonal and potential pandemic influenza. Influenza virus is a negative, segmented RNA virus without DNA intermediate. This makes it safer as a vaccine delivery vector than most DNA viruses that have potential to integrate their genetic elements into host genomes. We hypothesize that a live-attenuated influenza virus expressing botulinum antigens can be developed to a dual use vaccine against both botulism and influenza. Based on influenza virus H1N1 PR8, an engineered influenza viral vector with a 2A cleavage site on NA, was constructed. Using this vector, we generated a recombinant influenza virus, PR8/HC50-rbsd, expressing the receptor binding subdomain of the heavy chain C-terminal receptor binding domain (HC50-rbsd) from BoNT/A. We tested the growth characters of the recombinant PR8/HC50-rbsd virus in chicken eggs and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney epithelial cells (MDCK), and showed that it can be produced to a titer of 5×10E6 plaque forming units/ml in chicken eggs and MDCK cells. Subsequently, mice intranasally vaccinated with the PR8/HC50-rbsd virus conferred protection against challenge with lethal doses of active BoNT/A toxin and wild type H1N1 PR8 influenza virus. Our results demonstrated that it is possible to develop a dual purpose nasal vaccine against both botulism and influenza.
Will buffer zones around schools in agricultural areas be adequate to protect children from the potential adverse effects of pesticide exposure

California has proposed limiting agricultural pesticide use within 0.4 km of schools and childcare facilities. However, the 0.4-km buffer may not be appropriate for all pesticides because of differing toxicities, fate, and application methods. Living near pesticide use has been associated with poorer birth outcomes, neurodevelopment, and respiratory function in children. More research about exposures in schools, childcare facilities, and homes is needed. Despite incomplete science, this regulation is an important step to reduce potential exposures to children. The most vulnerable exposure period may be in utero, and future regulations should also aim to reduce exposures to pregnant women.
Recommender Systems: Sources of Knowledge and Evaluation Metrics

Recommender or Recommendation Systems (RS) aim to help users dealing with information overload: finding relevant items in a vast space of resources. Research on RS has been active since the development of the first recommender system in the early 1990s, Tapestry, and some articles and books that survey algorithms and application domains have been published recently. However, these surveys have not extensively covered the different types of information used in RS (sources of knowledge), and only a few of them have reviewed the different ways to assess the quality and performance of RS. In order to bridge this gap, in this chapter we present a classification of recommender systems, and then we focus on presenting the main sources of knowledge and evaluation metrics that have been described in the research literature.
New pathways: affective labor and distributed expertise in peer-supported Learning Circles

ABSTRACTThis paper explores learners’ and facilitators’ participation in Peer 2 Peer University’s Learning Circles (face-to-face study groups for people who are taking massive open online courses together). While digital technologies and open educational resources bring new possibilities for learning in informal settings, few empirical studies explore how adults take advantage of them. This research employs ethnography to investigate how learners and facilitators participated in eight different Learning Circles over a six-week period. My thematic analysis reveals that participants in these study groups expressed care, shared learning resources, enacted self-motivated learning strategies, and took risks by leaving comfort zones. Participants leveraged affective labor to create group cohesion, strengthen accountability, and enable peer interactions that supported self-guided learning. I argue that these virtues can open new pathways for adult learning in the twenty-first century.
“Each Creature, Resplendently Transfigured”: Development of Teaching in Laudato Si’:

Three stages can be traced in the Catholic Church’s magisterial teaching on the status of nonhuman creatures in the eschatological New Creation. In this article I ask three questions: which, why, a...
HIGH BETA STUDIES ON ISX-B WITH NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION*

Injection of H/sup 0/ into D/sup +/ plasmas with beam power P/sub b/ of up to 1.7 MW has produced rms betas of approx. 4%, volume-averaged betas of approx. 3%, and central betas of approx. 10% in the ISX-B tokamak. Although theoretical calculations indicate that the observed equilibria may be unstable to ballooning modes, no catastrophic loss of confinement has been observed, and beta continues to increase with injection power. In these beam-dominated high-beta discharges the electron and ion energy confinement times are still similar to those obtained with ohmic heating: ion energy confinement is neoclassical within a factor of approx. 2, and electron energy confinement follows the usual Alcator scaling. In high-power injection discharges the character of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) behavior changes, the particle confinement time decreases, and the inward impurity transport appears to be inhibited. These effects, however, may not be linked directly to beta.
Psychological Care of Adult Allogeneic Transplant Patients

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) is a complex and intense physical treatment, accompanied by intense psychological reactions, which can be further complicated by pre-morbid psychopathology or lingering and latent long-term psychological difficulties. The challenge in the clinical management of HCT patients is to accurately recognize psychological presentations that exceed normative responses to HCT and to draw on the strengths and expertise of psychosocial members of the multidisciplinary symptom management team for assessment and treatment.
The Effect of Shock Waves on Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cells In Vitro

The effect of shock waves (SW) on a mammalian cell line (PC-3) in vitro was investigated. Two types of cell damage induced by SW were observed; first, a significant increase of cell lysis occurred as the number of SW increased, and second, cell viability as determined by colony-formation ability decreased. Operating voltage had slight effect on cell lysis or colony-formation ability. When cells were exposed to SW at different distances from F2, greater cell damage was noted at positions closer to the spark plug along the blast path. Therefore, the cell-killing effect of SW in vitro may reflect potential normal tissue damage to patients treated with shock wave lithotripsy for kidney stones.
Buekenhout-Tits Unitals

A Buekenhout-Tits unital is defined to be a unital in {\it PG}(2, q^2) obtained by coning the Tits ovoid using Buekenhout‘s parabolic method. The full linear collineation group stabilizing this unital is computed, and related design questions are also addressed. While the answers to the design questions are very similar to those obtained for Buekenhout-Metz unitals, the group theoretic results are quite different
Red Cell Membrane Shape and Stability : Relation to Cell Lipid Renewal Pathways and Cell ATP

In an effort to study the effects of metabolic deprivation on the shape and physical characteristics of human erythrocytes, freshly drawn red cells were incubated at a low hematocrit in autologous serum for up to 1 day without added glucose. Cell and plasma levels of both lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) and ATP were followed, as well as cell fatty acid acylation capacity. In addition, cell shape was followed by scanning electron microscopy.
Phylogenetic community paleoecology of one of the earliest complex crinoid faunas (Brechin Lagerstätte, Ordovician)

Abstract Integrating phylogenetic biology with paleoecology can provide a valuable context for understanding patterns of community structure and niche partitioning in ancient ecosystems. However, the lack of robust phylogenies for many fossil taxa precludes studies of this nature, particularly among marine invertebrates. Fossil Crinoidea (Echinodermata) comprise an ideal model system for phylogenetic community paleoecology for three reasons: (1) they preserve anatomical features that directly relate to feeding ecology, (2) assemblages of well-preserved specimens represent “ecological snapshots” in time, and (3) recent advances in resolving the crinoid tree of life have produced high-resolution phylogenies for Ordovician lineages. Here, we apply multivariate and phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate patterns of paleocommunity structure, niche partitioning, and ecomorphospace occupation in one of the earliest known complex crinoid paleocommunities, the Brechin Lagerstatte (Upper Ordovician, Katian). Results indicate niche differences among species were determined primarily by characters related to filtration fan morphology. Filtration fan density and body size distributions support phylogenetic niche conservatism, but traits related to the size of the feeding area are more labile and exhibit greater divergence than expected among closely related species. Finally, we compare changes in the shape and phylogenetic structure of niche distributions between the Brechin Lagerstatte and the Edwardsville crinoid fauna, a well-studied Mississippian (Visean) paleocommunity, to examine patterns of community change across the Early to Middle Paleozoic Crinoid Macroevolutionary Faunas.
Accessing the IEEE Network [The Way Ahead]

Reports on the global reach of the IEEE as an organization and explains its regional areas and operations. The IEEE is geographically broken into 10 Regions. Do you know in which Region you are located? Each Region has a Regional Student Activities Committee (RSAC) chair. RSACs provide policy guidance and coordination about student membership and branch issues within the Region. They also deliver training and resources to Student Branch leaders to help Student Branches achieve their maximum potential in offerings and administration. The SAC makes specific recommendations to the Regional Committee on awards and recognition bestowed upon Student Members, Student Branches, and other volunteers related to the student activity. RSACs support the professional development of future engineer leaders. They promote the academic and professional development and the leadership of the IEEE student community in the Region, through the IEEE and for the volunteers.
Exploring Numeracy in Word Embeddings.

Word embeddings are now pervasive across NLP subfields as the de-facto method of forming text representataions. In this work, we show that existing embedding models are inadequate at constructing representations that capture salient aspects of mathematical meaning for numbers, which is important for language understanding. Numbers are ubiquitous and frequently appear in text. Inspired by cognitive studies on how humans perceive numbers, we develop an analysis framework to test how well word embeddings capture two essential properties of numbers: magnitude (e.g. 3<4) and numeration (e.g. 3=three). Our experiments reveal that most models capture an approximate notion of magnitude, but are inadequate at capturing numeration. We hope that our observations provide a starting point for the development of methods which better capture numeracy in NLP systems.
Channel Estimation in One-Bit Massive MIMO Systems: Angular Versus Unstructured Models

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO cellular systems will be characterized by increased bandwidths and the ability to handle a large number of users. To cope with the power consumption problem due to an increased number of receive antennas, the idea of equipping one-bit ADCs at the base station has been proposed. The goal of this paper is to establish performance bounds on the channel estimation of one-bit mmWave massive MIMO receivers for different types of channel models. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is a lower bound on the performance of unbiased estimators and sets a benchmark for the design of channel estimators. We consider both a structured channel model for a single user where the channel is composed of a superposition of multipaths characterized by path delays and directions-of-arrival (DOAs), and an unstructured channel model where the channel is a generic FIR filter. The Fisher information matrix (FIM) for these channel models are derived in closed form. The CRB is also extended to a dictionary-based channel model, where the path delays and DOAs are selected from small perturbations on a discrete grid, and a sparsity constraint applies to the vector of path loss components. We also derive the Bayesian CRB when the array response is imperfectly known and is affected by perturbations in the sensor pattern or position. The CRBs are evaluated numerically and the effects of various system parameters on the CRB are studied. The dependencies between channel parameters and the effect of array perturbations are also investigated.
Enantioselective synthesis of spiro[ 4H-pyran-3,3'-oxindole] derivatives catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid thioureas: Significant water effects on the enantioselectivity

An efficient stereoselective three-component reaction for the synthesis of functionalized spiro[4H-pyran-3,3'-oxindole] derivatives was realized through an organocatalyzed domino Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization reaction using a cinchonidine-derived thiourea as the catalyst. Using water as the additive was found to improve the product ee values significantly. Under the optimized conditions, the reactions between isatins, malononitrile, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds yield the desired spirooxindole products in good yields (71-92%) and moderate to high ee values (up to 87% ee).
Clarice Lispector e sua arte do conto: Uma análise literária de "O ovo e a galinha"

Clarice Lispector and Her Art of Short Story Writing: An Analysis of "The Egg and the Chicken" The article presents a critical analysis of Clarice Lispector’s short story titled The Egg and the Chicken [O ovo e a galinha], considered one of Lispector’s most complex pieces of writing. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the complexity of the story and to demonstrate how the text challenges Lispector’s short fiction on the level of structure and content. In addition, the article aims to highlight the perspective of interpretation related to Lispector’s literary awareness, which has not yet been extensively approached in Poland.
Systematical Analyses of Global Ionospheric Disturbance Current Systems Caused by Multiple Processes: Penetration Electric Fields, Solar Wind Pressure Impulses, Magnetospheric Substorms, and ULF Waves.

We present the first systematic analysis of global ionospheric disturbance current systems caused by multiple processes of solar and magnetospheric origin, including reorientations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), sudden changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, magnetospheric sawtooth substorms, and ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. Measurements from global magnetometer networks are used to derive the equivalent disturbance currents from the polar cap to the equator. A surprising result is that the equivalent disturbance current systems are very similar, although the driving processes are completely different. The equivalent disturbance current system in response to IMF reorientation or substorm onset is characterized by a large vortex on the dayside and evening sector and a smaller vortex near dawn, and the polarity of the current vortices depends on the IMF direction. The equivalent disturbance current system caused by a sudden change in the solar wind pressure or by ULF waves consists of a single vortex at middle and low latitudes and a very small vortex above ~60° magnetic latitude near dawn. The similar disturbance current systems caused by different solar wind and magnetospheric processes suggest that the global distribution of the ionospheric currents is determined by the intrinsic property of the ionosphere. The global current system takes only ~1 min to completely reconstruct, indicating that the current system can reach a new steady state within 1 min. A scenario is proposed to explain the global distribution and fast reconstruction of the current systems.
Moisture Ingress and Degradation of Additively Manufactured PLA, ABS and PLA/SiC Composite Parts

Abstract Moisture penetration and the age-related degradation of parts made with Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) using PolyLactic Acid (PLA), Silicon Carbide (SiC) filled PLA composites, and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) are reported in this paper. The hygroscopic stability of the PLA and PLA/SiC composite parts is compared with those printed with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Both filaments and tensile test samples were aged at 50 °C and 70 °C in distilled water. The specimens were aged for 140 days or until they completely degraded. The degradation of the polymer was identified by observing the differences in the moisture absorption-desorption characteristics and the tensile strength degradation. The results of the experimental assay show that PLA and 20 wt% SiC/PLA specimens degrade in 58 days at 50 °C, while higher loadings of SiC/PLA retain their stability for 140 days. Moisture diffusivity decreased with the increase in SiC loading. While the addition of 20 wt% SiC loading increased both the tensile strength and failure strain of PLA, both these measures declined for other higher SiC loadings. The addition of SiC did not show substantial improvement in the aged properties. ABS retained its tensile strength during aging. However, the stiffness of ABS parts decreased, and the failure strain increased, indicating that the material was subjected to moisture-related softening. Digital image correlation results show that the morphology and the properties of the printed parts have considerable variability at both microstructural and part-level scales. The evolution of strain fields during loading shows the periodic arrangement of local microstructure caused by the printing process.
Lorecivivint, an intra-articular potential disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. Knee OA is associated with joint pain, activity limitation, physical disability, reduced health-related quality of life, and ...
Epistemological defiance: troubling the notion of authorship, collaboration, and re-presentation in dissertation research

Centering the research process on building, rebuilding, and maintaining relationships, this multi-vocal article highlights the need to revisit practice. We consider research conducted in a city whe...
Using the C3 Framework to Evaluate the Legacy of Southern Segregationist Senators

U.S. politics has been primarily focused on the exploration of presidential power. People have engaged in traditional Master Narratives with the examination of U.S. Presidents where their actions a...