cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of living shorelines in the Salish Sea

Abstract In human-impacted coastal ecosystems, living shorelines are becoming a common restoration technique. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the ecological and physical benefits, and how they could inform management needs. To address this, we studied effectiveness of living shorelines at a broad spatial scale within the Washington State boundaries of the Salish Sea, USA, with restored site ages spanning 1–11 years. We surveyed 30 beaches at ten locations, each with three strata of: (1) living shoreline beaches with armor removed, (2) armored control beaches altered by seawalls or riprap, and (3) un-armored reference beaches with natural conditions. We sampled eight physical and biological attributes: beach wrack, wrack invertebrates, sediments, terrestrial insects, riparian vegetation, logs, beach profiles, and stable isotope signatures of talitrid amphipods – generating 27 metrics focusing on upper intertidal and supratidal elevations affected by armoring and targeted by living shoreline actions. These metrics spanned the functions of beach stability, ecological diversity, and food web support for juvenile salmon. Statistical tests showed that 19 of the 27 metrics had significant strata differences, indicating that some beach metrics restore quickly (e.g., wrack accumulation), while others take longer (e.g., log accumulation). Terrestrial-associated metrics were higher at reference beaches, but insect taxa richness and logs with plant growth increased at beaches restored for four or more years (the average age of the living shoreline sites). This implies that certain living shoreline functions increase through time, providing improved food web support. Globally, trajectories of restoration have shown a range of functional improvement with time, and will be important to monitor for nature-based solutions to coastal defense given the increasing rate of shoreline stressors from global change and sea level rise.
Voice Acoustics and Vocal Effort in Mask-Wearing Healthcare Professionals: A Comparison Pre- and Post-Workday.

Summary Objective We evaluated voice acoustics and self-perceptual ratings in healthcare workers required to wear face masks throughout their workday. Methods Eighteen subjects (11 cisgender female, 7 cisgender male; M = 33.72 years, SD = 8.30) completed self-perceptual ratings and acoustic recordings before and after a typical workday. Chosen measures were specific to vocal effort, dysphonia, and laryngeal tension. Mixed effects models were calculated to determine the impact of session, mask type, sex, and their interactions on the set of perceptual and acoustic measures. Results The subjects self-reported a significant increase in vocal effort following the workday. These perceptual changes coincided with an increase in vocal intensity and harmonics-to-noise ratio, but decrease in relative fundamental frequency offset 10. As expected, men and women differed in measures related to fundamental frequency and vocal tract length. Conclusion Healthcare professionals wearing masks reported greater vocal symptoms post-workday compared to pre-workday. These symptoms coincided with acoustic changes previously related to vocal effort; however, the degree of change was considered mild. Further research is needed to determine whether vocal hygiene strategies may reduce vocal symptoms in mask-wearing workers.
Disaster Preparedness: Insights from Characteristic Differences between Appalachian and Non-Appalachian Pediatric Emergency Networks

Introduction: Living in the Appalachian Region of the United States (US) has been linked to poorer pediatric health outcomes as well as a lack of emergency department and hospital surge capacity during disasters. Purpose: We describe the characteristics of the Appalachian and non-Appalachian pediatric emergency networks in the US to determine if pediatric healthcare networks in Appalachia differ substantively from networks elsewhere in the US focusing on size, whether they were inter- or intra-state networks, and, most importantly, intensity of collaboration – factors impacting on pediatric disaster preparedness capabilities. Methods: Data were collected using a two-stage survey process. The first survey was used to identify networks. The second survey assessed the disaster preparedness capabilities and achievements of each identified network, the degree of fund sharing, and the intensity and formality of information sharing among network partners. Networks were separated into Appalachia or non-Appalachia networks based on state location. Results: Appalachian networks were more likely to be interstate and operating at the highest stage of network development compared to non-Appalachian networks, but were less likely to share funding among network partners. Implications: Despite consistently insufficient pediatric capacity, particularly for disasters, and repeated calls for collaboration among pediatric care providers, only three out of seventeen identified pediatric networks were operating in Appalachia. Operating in Appalachia was associated with less fund sharing, although Appalachian networks were more likely to have achieved the highest stage of network development. Developing new pediatric networks and increasing the intensity of collaboration (i.e., increased levels of fund sharing) among existing networks may improve network operations, collaboration, disaster preparedness, and health outcomes in Appalachian states.
Analyzing drivers' hazard recognition: Precursors to single-vehicle collisions.

Abstract Extensive driver behavior and performance information provided by real-world video surveillance and sensor data in the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study has enabled the examination of new layers and pathways leading to crash outcomes. We note that the prominence of hazards and the importance of recognizing them vary systematically across single vs. multi-vehicle crashes, and address a fundamental question about safety: why do around three-quarters of drivers involved in single-vehicle crashes not recognize, perceive, or react to the precipitating event (PE)? Using a path-analytic framework through marginal effects, this study investigates factors correlated to recognition of the PE in single-vehicle events, and how these correlations may act as crash precursors. Logit models, accounting for heterogeneity among events and drivers by estimating both fixed and random parameters, quantified correlations among key variables, given a crash or near-crash event (N = 543). The type of PE, roadway environment factors, and driving maneuvers heavily influenced recognition chances. Drivers had a harder time recognizing less conspicuous hazards (e.g. departing the travel way, decreased recognition chances by 48.29%), but seemed better at recognizing prominent hazards (e.g. vehicle losing control, increased recognition chances by 46.71%). In addition, drivers are less likely to recognize PEs when executing less involved driving maneuvers in more relaxed environments, such as daylight (decreased recognition chances by 16.00%), but are more adept in environments that already demand more attention. Recognition reduced the chances of a crash by 12.23%, so we found similar correlations with crash outcome. Future intelligent transportation systems may focus on increasing driver recognition of potential hazards by bringing attention to less conspicuous hazards and less involved driving environments and actions.
What's God Got to Do With It? Church and State Collaboration in the Subordination of Women and Domestic Violence

In this Article, Professor Ammons explores the role of Judeo-Christian institutions, ideology, and doctrine in promoting women's subordination and in condoning domestic violence. Professor Ammons traces how the dogma of male supremacy is construed from Biblical narratives, becomes part of church codified hierarchical gender roles, particularly within the marital relationship, and how religion was used to endorse the submission of women to men through brute force, if necessary.Ancient secular myths and theories recasted as Divine imperatives in Canon law and Christian tradition, which the State accepted as custom and law, shaped the courts' acceptance of violence against women in private and in some instances public spheres. Despite the criminal and civil justice system's modification of laws concerning domestic violence, Professor Ammons argues that many religious communities have been slow to reevaluate their traditions, to acknowledge their culpability in tolerating domestic violence, and to actively challenge the ideological assumptions that support violence against women within the belief structures of such religious communities. Battered women who hold traditional religious views on male supremacy remain vulnerable because of their need to reconcile the tensions of their legal rights of bodily integrity and autonomy with their understanding of what their faiths require.
Zebrafish Assays of Ciliopathies

In light of the growing list of human disorders associated with their dysfunction, primary cilia have recently come to attention as being important regulators of developmental signaling pathways and downstream processes. These organelles, present on nearly every vertebrate cell type, are highly conserved structures allowing for study across a range of species. Zebrafish, in particular, have emerged as useful organisms in which to explore the consequences of ciliary dysfunction and to model human ciliopathies. Here, we present a range of useful techniques that allow for investigation of various aspects of ciliary function. The described assays capitalize on the hallmark gastrulation defects associated with ciliary defects as well as relative ease of visualization of cilia in whole-mount embryos. Further, we describe our recently developed assay for querying functionality of human gene variants in live developing embryos. Finally, a current catalog of known zebrafish ciliary mutant lines is included. The techniques presented here provide a basic toolkit for in vivo investigation of both the biological and genetic mechanisms underlying a growing class of human diseases.
The 4-quinolone antibiotics: past, present, and future

During the past 5 years the 4-quinolone antibiotics have progressed from relative obscurity to a highly visible and intensely studied class of compounds. The zeal for developing and marketing newer fluoroquinolones closely parallels that of the cephalosporins for the last 10 years. All of these newer agents appear to have similar mechanisms of action, but numerous derivatives of the basic 4-quinolone structure have been synthesized in an effort to enhance the antimicrobial spectrum and pharmacologic properties of these antibiotics.
Automatic and strategic activation and inhibition of threat-relevant information in posttraumatic stress disorder

Trauma victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may interpret ambiguous information as threatening and have difficulties inhibiting this information. To test these hypotheses, we used a modification of Gernsbacher, Varner, and Faust's homograph paradigm in traumatized individuals with and without PTSD (M. A. Gernsbacher, K. R. Varner, & M. E. Faust, 1990). We hypothesized that having PTSD would be related to poor inhibition of the threat-relevant meanings of homographs (words with two meanings, e.g., mug). Consistent with this hypothesis, our results revealed that traumatized individuals with PTSD showed less inhibition of the threat meanings of homographs than did traumatized individuals without PTSD. These findings are consistent with a delayed activation model of information processing bias in PTSD.
The Effectiveness of Low Price Matching in Mitigating the Competitive Pressure of Low Friction Electronic Markets

The conventional wisdom is that Internet commerce substantially reduces the transaction costs for comparison shopping, which in turn intensifies price competition. However, the technology of the Internet marketplace offers retailers tools with the potential to blunt some of this competition. This paper explores the competitive impact of an electronic low price matching policy when firms can track customer search behavior. Using controlled laboratory techniques, we find that through the use of low price matching sellers are able to dampen some of the intense competition spawned when a large proportion of consumers comparison shop.
What Do Students with Disabilities Tell Us about the Importance of Family Involvement in the Transition from School to Adult Life

This qualitative study used focus groups to explore student perspectives on family involvement in the transition from school to adult life. Four focus groups, including students with learning disabilities, emotional and behavioral disorders, and mild mental retardation, identified pertinent issues concerning how families influence the development of a personal vision for the future, how students with disabilities perceive family involvement in transition planning, and how families influence the development of student self-determination. Results showed the importance to students of family input and support. Implications for transition planning, family roles for support during adulthood, and family-student-school partnership models are discussed.
A new oculocerebral syndrome with hypopigmentation

During the course of a survey for neurologic disorders in a genetic isolate, three sibs with an unusual oculocerebral syndrome were found. The syndrome is manifest at birth by cutaneous hypopigmentation and severe ocular anomalies. Spasticity, mental retardation, and athetoid movements become apparent at several months of age. Genetic evidence suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. Since no cases have been reported with a similar combination of findings, this family is believed to represent a “new” genetic disorder.
Effect of test system response time on instrumented Charpy impact data

The effect of response time on instrumented Charpy impact data obtained on unidirectional Borsic-aluminum composites has been examined. It has been shown that the use of filters to eliminate high-frequency noise in the load-time traces obtained can significantly increase the response time of the testing system and lead to grossly inaccurate data. The current results indicate that as the response time is increased, the load is attenuated, the time to fracture is increased, and the absorbed energy is unaffected. The attenuation characteristics of the testing system can be documented through the use of a sine wave generator. These characteristics can be used both as a guide to ensure the adequacy of the system response time for future testing and as a means of correcting attenuated data which were obtained on a testing system with excessive filtering (inadequate response times).
Detection and immunochemical characterization of a primate type C retrovirus-related p30 protein in normal human placentas

Abstract We find that 12 of 14 specimens of normal human term placentas analyzed by one- or two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting contain a protein or polypeptide of approximately equal to 30,000 daltons that is antigenically cross-reactive with p30 core protein of the simian sarcoma-associated virus/gibbon ape leukemia virus primate retrovirus group and is physicochemically similar to reference murine and primate type C retrovirus p30s. This finding may lead to an understanding of endogenous type C retrovirus gene expression in humans.
SPECTRUM BASED TECHNIQUES FOR GRAPH ISOMORPHISM

The graph isomorphism problem is to check if two given graphs are isomorphic. Graph isomorphism is a well studied problem and numerous algorithms are available for its solution. In this paper we present algorithms for graph isomorphism that employ the spectra of graphs. An open problem that has fascinated many a scientist is if there exists a polynomial time algorithm for graph isomorphism. Though we do not solve this problem in this paper, the algorithms we present take polynomial time. These algorithms have been tested on a good collection of instances. However, we have not been able to prove that our algorithms will work on all possible instances. In this paper, we also give a new construction for cospectral graphs.
Purification and characterization of dicoumarol-induced prothrombins. II. Barium oxalate atypical (5-Gla) variant.

Abstract Purified dicoumarol-induced prothrombin, which adsorbed onto barium oxalate but not onto barium citrate, showed a single component by several criteria of purity and contained 100% antigenic activity of normal prothrombin. In the presence of Echis carinatus venom, the barium (Ba) oxalate variant generated thrombin comparable to that from normal; but when activated physiologically, the thrombin yield was 30% of normal and about 58% of barium (Ba) citrate atypical protein. The time required for bio-activation was approximately 3 hr, compared to 7 min for normal and approximately 90 min for Ba citrate atypical prothrombin. The differences in physiological activation were due to a reduced content of γ -carboxyglutamic acids; five were present in the Ba oxalate variant compared to ten for normal and seven for the Ba citrate variant. This Gla reduction decreased the Ba oxalate variant's calcium-binding capacity and electrophoretic mobility.
A Case-by-Case Comparison of the Classification of Law Enforcement and Vital Statistics Data on Homicide

This study uses data from the California Linked Homicide File as a basis for evaluating the validity and reliability of homicide data. Case-by-case comparisons of variables reported by both agencies indicate that agreement between law enforcement and vital statistics data is highest with classifying homicides and victim gender and race and lowest with classifying victim age, manslaughters, and police justifiable homicides. The findings from a multilevel analysis examining what types of cases are unable to be linked over the two data-collection systems reveal that homicides involving Hispanic victims, weapons other than handguns, and family members other than intimate partners and homicides involving felonies, other nonfelonies, and negligent manslaughters have a greater likelihood of not being matched across the agencies. Death investigation systems that use medical examiners also decrease matching. The need for qualitative research examining how classification decisions are made by police and medical examiners or coroners is discussed.
Electroencephalographic, Volumetric, and Neuropsychological Indicators of Seizure Focus Lateralization in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Context Anterior temporal lobectomy is an effective treatment for medically intractable temporal lobe seizures. Identification of seizure focus is essential to surgical success. Objective To examine the usefulness of presurgical electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological data in the lateralization of seizure focus. Design Presurgical EEG, MRI, and neuropsychological data were entered, independently and in combination, as indicators of seizure focus lateralization in discriminant function analyses, yielding correct seizure lateralization rates for each set of indicators. Setting Comprehensive Epilepsy Progam, Shands Teaching Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville. Patients Forty-four right-handed adult patients who ultimately underwent successful anterior temporal lobectomy. Left-handed patients, those with less-than-optimal surgical outcome, and any patients with a history of neurological insult unrelated to seizure disorder were excluded from this study. Main Outcome Measures For each patient presurgical EEG was represented as a seizure lateralization index reflecting the numbers of seizures originating in the left hemisphere, right hemisphere, and those unable to be lateralized. Magnetic resonance imaging data were represented as left-right difference in hippocampal volume. Neuropsychological data consisted of mean scores in each of 5 cognitive domains. Results The EEG was a better indicator of lateralization (89% correct) than MRI (86%), although not significantly. The EEG and MRI were significantly superior to neuropsychological data (66%) ( P =.02 and .04, respectively). Combining EEG and MRI yielded a significantly higher lateralization rate (93%) than EEG alone ( P Conclusions The EEG and MRI were of high lateralization value, while neuropsychological data were of limited use in this regard. Combining EEG, MRI, and neuropsychological improved focus lateralization relative to using these data independently.
Linear Rate of Water Crystallization as Influenced by Temperature of Hydrocolloid Suspensions

Abstract The object of this study was to assess the abilities of various hydrocolloids to inhibit water crystallization at temperatures ranging from −3 to −5°C. In all instances, decreases in the initial super-cooling temperature or the hydrocolloid concentration caused increases in the linear rate of crystallization. The linear rate of crystallization vs. temperature plots indicated that suspensions of guar gum alone or with microcrystalline cellulose, locust bean gum, and carrageenan exhibited the greatest temperature dependence, whereas suspensions of guar gum-sucrose, carboxymethylcellulose-sucrose, and sodium alginate alone or with microcrystalline cellulose exhibited the least temperature dependence. At a 1% (wt/vol) level of use, guar gum and locust bean gum exhibited the smallest linear rate of crystallization at −5°C and carrageenan and sodium alginate (1.5% wt/vol) exhibited the largest. The results obtained from this study indicate that hydrocolloids retard the rate of water crystallization and that some are more effective than others. However, all hydrocolloids tested are far less effective than sucrose in retarding rate of water crystallization.
Nanoscale semiconductor impurity characterization by scanned probe microscopy (Invited Paper)

Semiconductor ImpurityCharacterization by Scanned Probe MicroscopyK.S. Mak and C. C. WilliamsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City, Utah 84112ABSTRACTMeasurement of impurity dopant density in silicon with lateral resolution onthe 100 nanometer scale has been demonstrated with the Scanning CapacitanceMicroscope (SCM). This approach is based upon the measurement of localcapacitance changes between a 50 nanometer tip and semiconductor surface asthe voltage bias is changed and/or the tip is scanned laterally across thesurface. Capacitance versus voltage measurements provide a means toquantitatively determine local dopant density. We describe the scanningcapacitance microscope and its application to dopant density measurements insemiconductors.Today, ultra-small semiconductor devices are being produced in a highlycompetitive environment. The cycle time to design, develop and manufacturehigh quality, functional devices directly determines market share andprofitability. The semiconductor devices depend critically upon the threedimensional distribution of impurity dopant atoms on the nanometer scale.Yet, the standard semiconductor dopant characterization techniques do notprovide sub-device scale measurements in a non-destructive and quantitativeway. These standard approaches include junction staining [1] ,
Functional stoichiometry and local enrichment of calmodulin interacting with Ca2+ channels

Calmodulin (CaM) interactions with Ca2+ channels mediate both Ca2+ regulation of channels and local Ca2+ triggering of transcription factors implicated in neuronal memory. Crucial to these functions are the number of CaM molecules (CaMs) regulating each channel, and the number of CaMs privy to the local Ca2+ signal from each channel. To resolve these parameters, we fused L-type Ca2+ channels to single CaM molecules. These chimeric molecules revealed that a single CaM directs L-type channel regulation. Similar fusion molecules were used to estimate the local CaM concentration near Ca2+ channels. This estimate indicates marked enrichment of local CaM, as if a "school" of nearby CaMs were poised to enhance the transduction of local Ca2+ entry into diverse signaling pathways.
Functional analysis of mutations in a severe congenital neutropenia syndrome caused by glucose-6-phosphatase-β deficiency.

Abstract Glucose-6-phosphatase-β (G6Pase-β or G6PC3) deficiency is characterized by neutropenia and dysfunction in both neutrophils and macrophages. G6Pase-β is an enzyme embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate. To date, 33 separate G6PC3 mutations have been identified in G6Pase-β-deficient patients but only the p.R253H and p.G260R missense mutations have been characterized functionally for pathogenicity. Here we functionally characterize 16 of the 19 known missense mutations using a sensitive assay, based on a recombinant adenoviral vector-mediated expression system, to demonstrate pathogenicity. Fourteen missense mutations completely abolish G6Pase-β enzymatic activity while the p.S139I and p.R189Q mutations retain 49% and 45%, respectively of wild type G6Pase-β activity. A database of residual enzymatic activity retained by the G6Pase-β mutations will serve as a reference for evaluating genotype–phenotype relationships.
Mathematics Teachers' Professional Development Opportunities in the Curriculum Reform of China

This study examined the professional development opportunities that about eighty mathematics teachers of junior high schools were provided with in the national curriculum reform of China and explored how their beliefs in mathematics instruction and instructional practice were affected by the professional development opportunities available to them. A questionnaire was administered to collect data. The results showed that the length of time the participants spent on attending school-based learning activities had a significant effect on their attitudes toward the effectiveness of the professional development and on their instructional practice. The content of the training programs that focused on studying textbooks and observing and reflecting upon model lessons was highly correlated to the implementation of conventional mathematics instruction. Another factor that related to the implementation of conventional mathematics instruction was the collegial support the teachers received at their schools.
Optimism, religiosity, and neuroticism: a cross-cultural study

Abstract This study examined the relationship among dispositional and situational optimism, cognitive religiosity, and neuroticism in a sample of Mexican-Americans, Anglo-Americans, and Mexican nationals. Participants ( N = 295) completed the Life Orientation Test (LOT), the Revised Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (GESS-R), the short-form N scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised, and a measure of cognitive religiosity. Multiple regression tested a path model in which religiosity was hypothesized to predict optimism and both religiosity and optimism were hypothesized to predict neuroticism. Only in the Mexican-American sample did the model yield results consistent with predictions. Substantially different results appeared in the Anglo-American and Mexican national samples. Results are interpreted in terms of cultural differences.
The powerful microbubble: from bench to bedside, from intravascular indicator to therapeutic delivery system, and beyond

This review discusses the development, current applications, and therapeutic potential of ultrasound contrast agents. Microbubbles containing gases act as true, intravascular indicators, permitting a noninvasive, quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of blood flow and volumes within the microvasculature. These shelled microbubbles are near-perfect reflectors of acoustic ultrasound energy and, when injected intravenously into the bloodstream, reflect ultrasound waves within the capillaries without disrupting the local environment. Accordingly, microbubble ultrasound contrast agents are clinically useful in enhancing ultrasound images and improving the accuracy of diagnoses. More recently, ultrasound contrast agents have been used to directly visualize the vasa vasorum and neovascularization of atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques, thus suggesting a new paradigm for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Future applications of these microscopic agents include the deliver of site-specific therapy to targeted organs in the body. Medical therapies may use these microbubbles as carriers for newer therapeutic options.
MOISTURE PROFILES IN A MODEL FOOD GEL DURING DRYING: MEASUREMENT USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND EVALUATION OF THE HCKIAN MODEL

ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to obtain moisture profiles of a model food gel during drying. A cylinder of gel, 1 cm in diameter, with an initial moisture content of 76% was imaged while drying at room temperature. Moisture profiles were obtained from the imaging data by imaging calibration samples of known moisture content. Signal intensity of the images was found to be highly proportional to solids content. The moisture profiles were compared to profiles predicted by a finite difference solution of Fickian radial diffusion in a cylinder. Actual moisture profiles obtained by MRI were much flatter near the center of the cylinder, with a steeper moisture profile near the edge, compared to the typical parabolic shape of the Fickian model. The Fickian model was found to be an inaccurate predictor of the interior moisture profile of the model food gel, since effective diffusivity was found to not be solely a function of moisture content. The moisture profiles obtained provide for a method...
Hemodynamic interactions when combining verapamil, acute changes in extracellular ionized calcium concentration and enflurane, halothane or isoflurane in chronically instrumented dogs.

To assess the hemodynamic interactions when combining verapamil, acute changes in extracellular ionized calcium concentration [Ca2+] and enflurane (2.5%), halothane (1.2%) or isoflurane (1.6%), seven dogs were chronically instrumented to measure heart rate (HR), aortic, left atrial and left ventricular (LV) pressures, and cardiac output (CO). [Ca2+] was lowered 0.35 mmol.l-1 by citrate infusion and then increased 0.35 mmol.l-1 above control level by CaCl2 infusions. Verapamil was infused at 3 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 (loading dose 200 (awake), 150 (isoflurane) or 100 (enflurane and halothane) micrograms.kg-1), giving mean verapamil concentrations around 75 (range of means: 66-84 ng.ml-1). Verapamil produced mostly minor changes in the cardiovascular effects of changing [Ca2+] in both awake and anesthetized dogs, indicating mostly additive effects. Verapamil induced a decrease in HR at high [Ca2+] and abolished an increase in mean aortic pressure at both low and high [Ca2+] awake. Verapamil exaggerated the decrease in CO and stroke volume (SV) induced by low [Ca2+] during enflurane anesthesia and abolished the increase in CO induced by low [Ca2+] and exaggerated the increase in SV and LV dP/dtmax induced by high [Ca2+] during halothane anesthesia.
Theoretical Considerations Regarding Tandem Column Arrangements with Application to Gas-Liquid and Gel Permeation Chromatography

Abstract It is proven that, given a constant flow rate throughout the system, the (2n) possible arrangements (including 180° rotation of any column along the long axis) of n chromatography columns arranged in tandem yield identical elution curves (and therefore identical values of mean residence time and variance). The columns must be of the same cross-sectional area but each can be of arbitrary length. The proof is independent of the nature of the packing material in each column and holds for any given input distribution in time and/or constitution. Also discussed are earlier results for a much more restrictive model, proving the equivalence of n columns in tandem with one long column containing a homogeneous mixture of the n types of packing material in the proper proportion.
Application of magnetoelastic biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce with emphasis on statistical methods for elimination of detection errors

This work demonstrated a direct detection of Salmonella on fresh food produce using groups of magnetoelastic biosensors. The magnetoelastic biosensors were coated with E2 phage, which specifically binds with S. typhimurium. The resonance frequency of the biosensor is measured using a pulse excitation system, which allows simultaneous detection of multiple sensors. Multiple measurement and control biosensors were placed on fresh food surfaces that had been spiked with a known amount of Salmonella. Binding with bacteria was allowed to occur for 30 minutes in a humid air environment. The resonance frequencies of the groups of biosensors were then measured to determine the amount of bound bacteria. By using a statistical experimental design and by taking the average of repeated measurements, possible detection errors are decreased. By using multiple sensors at each site of interest, a higher portion of the contaminated surface has contact with biosensors, allowing for more complete information on the food produce surface. Results from SEM pictures of the sensor surface agree with the sensor frequency response results.
Progenitor cell mobilization gets a boost from CXCR4 inhibition

Comment on Flomenberg et al, page [1867][1] Addition of AMD3100, a selective CXCR4 antagonist, to a standard G-CSF–based progenitor cell mobilization regimen increases the number of CD34+ cells collected by apheresis, allowing patients with poor hematopoietic reserve to donate a sufficient
Anomalous transport kinetics and the glucose carrier hypothesis.

In recent years several observations of glucose transport in human erythrocytes have been difficult to explain by the carrier model. Three new models have been described as candidates to supplant the carrier hypothesis. In this paper, some of the anomalous findings of Miller ((1968) Biophys. J. 8, 1329–1338) and of Stein's group ((1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 266, 161–173; (1966) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 127, 179–193) are discussed in terms of the carrier model with and without unstirred layers (unstirred layers being diffusion barriers between the carrier and the bulk aqueous phases inside and outside the cell). The carrier model with no simplifying assumptions (Regen, D. M. and Morgan, H. E. (1964) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 79, 151–166) with the addition of unstirred layers suggested by Miller, accommodates virtually all the data which have been considered grounds for its rejection. All transport constants for glucose and galactose are evaluated, including the diffusion constants in the unstirred layers. Some novel ways of interpreting kinetics data are described. The asymmetric features of the carrier described by Geck are confirmed ((1971) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 241, 462–472).
A study of antibody production for the radioimmunoassay of gastrin.

Gastrin conjugated to bovine serum albumin was administered to New Zealand white rabbits by repeated injections at a standard immunizing dose of 2 mg BSA-gastrin conjugate, as well as at 0.2 mg (10%) and 0.02 (1%) of BSA-gastrin conjugate. The intermediate dose of immunogen (0.2 mg) was also given by multiple simultaneous intradermal injections, with one later booster immunization. Resultant antisera from footpad injected rabbits were found to be of comparable high affinity, which was uninfluenced by the size of the administered dose of antigen conjugate. Antibody binding sites concentrations in these antisera, however, were found to be proportional to immunizing dose. Antibodies to gastrin produced after intradermal injection, although of comparable serum antibody concentrations, were of significantly lower affinity than after footpad immunization. It is concluded that high affinity antisera suitable for use in radioimmunoassay of gastrin can be produced by footpad immunization utilizing a small fraction of the standard immunizing dose of gastrin-bovine serum albumin conjugate.
Variable noise and information transmission

Noise levels were varied systematically to determine the effects on information processing. Slides consisting of circular dots (relevant information) and triangles (irrelevant information) were presented tachistoscopically. The task of Ss was to correctly identify the number of dots; dots varied from 3 to 12 quantitatively, while triangles varied from 0 to 3. The results suggested that (1) noise may have a limen similar to channel capacity for relevant stimuli and (2) response set needs to be examined more closely as a biasing effect on information transmission.
Metabolic compensation to seasonal temperatures in the rusty lizard, Sceloporus olivaceus

Abstract 1. 1. Overall mean oxygen consumption rates of Sceloporus olivaceus acclimated in the laboratory at 15 and 20°C (104.9 and 184.9 μl O 2 g −1 hr −1 ) were significantly higher than rates of those acclimated at 25 and 30°C (111.4 and 97.9 μl O 2 g −1 hr −1 ). Differences between “cold”-acclimated (15 and 20°C) and between “warm”-acclimated (25 and 30°C) groups were not significant, suggesting an acclimation threshold between 20 and 25°C. 2. 2. Laboratory-acclimated lizards showed Precht Type 3 metabolic compensation with relatively temperature-insensitive acute metabolic rates at 20, 25 and 30°C. 3. 3. The overall mean rate of lizards collected seasonally (i.e. acclimatized lizards) when ambient temperatures were near 15°C (201.1 μl O 2 g −1 hr −1 ) was significantly higher than rates of lizards collected when ambient temperatures were near 20, 25 and 30°C (138.6, 148.1 and 130.4 μl O 2 g −1 hr −1 ).
Glutathionyl- and hydroxyl radical formation coupled to the redox transitions of 1,4-naphthoquinone bioreductive alkylating agents during glutathione two-electron reductive addition

The kinetic parameters of the redox transitions subsequent to the two-electron transfer implied in the glutathione (GSH) reductive addition to 2- and 6-hydroxymethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone bioalkylating agents were examined in terms of autoxidation, GSH consumption in the arylation reaction, oxidation of the thiol to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and free radical formation detected by the spin-trapping electron spin resonance method. The position of the hydroxymethyl substituent in either the benzenoid or the quinonoid ring differentially influenced the initial rates of hydroquinone autoxidation as well as thiol oxidation. Thus, GSSG- and hydrogen peroxide formation during the GSH reductive addition to 6-hydroxymethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone proceeded at rates substantially higher than those observed with the 2-hydroxymethyl derivative. The distribution and concentration of molecular end products, however, was the same for both quinones, regardless of the position of the hydroxymethyl substituent. The [O2]consumed/[GSSG]formed ratio was above unity in both cases, thus indicating the occurrence of autoxidation reactions other than those involved during GSSG formation. EPR studies using the spin probe 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) suggested that the oxidation of GSH coupled to the above redox transitions involved the formation of radicals of differing structure, such as hydroxyl and thiyl radicals. These were identified as the corresponding DMPO adducts. The detection of either DMPO adduct depended on the concentration of GSH in the reaction mixture: the hydroxyl radical adduct of DMPO prevailed at low GSH concentrations, whereas the thiyl radical adduct of DMPO prevailed at high GSH concentrations. The production of the former adduct was sensitive to catalase, whereas that of the latter was sensitive to superoxide dismutase as well as to catalase. The relevance of free radical formation coupled to thiol oxidation is discussed in terms of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reactions involved as well as in terms of potential implications in quinone cytotoxicity.
Predation-associated divergence of male genital morphology in a livebearing fish.

Male genital morphology is remarkably diverse across internally fertilizing animals, a phenomenon largely attributed to sexual selection. Ecological differences across environments can alter the context of sexual selection, yet little research has addressed how this may influence the rapid, divergent evolution of male genitalia. Using the model system of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) undergoing ecological speciation across blue holes, we used geometric morphometric methods to test (i) whether male genital shape (the small, approximately 1 mm long, distal tip of the sperm-transfer organ, the gonopodium) has diverged between populations with and without predatory fish and (ii) whether any observed divergence has a genetic basis. We additionally examined the effects of genetic relatedness and employed model selection to investigate other environmental factors (i.e. interspecific competition, adult sex ratio and resource availability) that could potentially influence genital shape via changes in sexual selection. Predation regime comprised the most important factor associated with male genital divergence in this system, although sex ratio and some aspects of resource availability had suggestive effects. We found consistent, heritable differences in male genital morphology between predation regimes: Bahamas mosquitofish coexisting with predatory fish possessed more elongate genital tips with reduced soft tissue compared with counterparts inhabiting blue holes without predatory fish. We suggest this may reflect selection for greater efficiency of sperm transfer and fertilization during rapid and often forced copulations in high-predation populations or differences in sexual conflict between predation regimes. Our study highlights the potential importance of ecological variation, particularly predation risk, in indirectly generating genital diversity.
Evaluation of persistent hydrophobic organic compounds in the Columbia River Basin using semipermeable-membrane devices

Persistent hydrophobic organic compounds are of concern in the Columbia River because they have been correlated with adverse effects on wildlife. We analysed samples from nine main-stem and six tributary sites throughout the Columbia River Basin (Washington and Oregon) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and priority-pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Because these compounds may have important biological consequences at aqueous concentrations well below the detection limits associated with conventional sampling methods, we used semipermeable-membrane devices to sample water and achieved parts-per-quintillion detection limits. All of these compound classes were prevalent within the basin, but concentrations of many analytes were highest in the vicinity of Portland–Vancouver, indicating that the Willamette subbasin—and perhaps the urban area in particular—is an important source of these compounds. Data collected during basin low-flow conditions in 1997 and again during basin high-flow conditions in 1998 indicate that in-stream processes such as dilution by relatively clean inflows, and flow through island hyporheic zones may be important mechanisms for attenuating dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic compounds. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo-Patternable Hole-Transport Polymers for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

A series of soluble arylamine-based hole transporting polymers with various ionization potentials have been synthesized. The synthetic methodology allows for substitution of aryl groups on the amine with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating moieties which permits tuning of the redox potential of the polymer. The arylamine-based monomers have been copolymerized with cinnamate-based moieties to obtain photo-cross-linkable polymers. These materials can be cross-linked and patterned using a standard mask aligner designed for photolithographic applications. UV cross-linking conditions were optimized to obtain an insoluble hole-transport layer with stable electroluminescent properties. Using a photolithographic mask, these materials have been patterned into 10−50-μm-size features. These polymers have been used as hole-transport layers (HTLs) in multilayer light-emitting diodes ITO/HTL/AlQ3/Mg:Ag [ITO = indium tin oxide, AlQ3 = tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum]. The electroluminescent properties have bee...
Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with Fusobacterium Sepsis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

An adolescent female was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in septic shock. She developed multisystem organ dysfunction including pancreatitis with myocardial dysfunction and hemodynamic instability unresponsive to medical management necessitating veno-arterial extracorporeal support. Streptococcus Constellata and Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from blood cultures. This is the first report of extra-corporeal cardiac support in fusobacterium sepsis.
A DC-balanced, partitioned-block, 8B/10B transmission code

This paperd escribes a byte-oriented binary transmission code and its implementation. This code is particularly well suited for high-speed local area networks and similar data links, where the information format consists of packets, variable in length, from about a dozen up to several hundred 8-bit bytes. The proposed transmission code translates each source byte into a constrained 10-bit binary sequence which hase excellent performance parameters near the theoretical limits for 8B/10B codes. The maximum run length is 5 and the maximum digital sum variation is 6. A single error in the encoded bits can, at most, generate an error burst of length 5 in the decoded domain. A very simple implementation of the code has been accomplished by partitioning the coder into 5B/6B and 3B/4B subordinate coders.
Seasonal changes in the testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles of deer investigated by histochemical methods.

It was shown some years ago that the testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles of Virginia deer exhibit seasonal changes in respect to their weights and histological appearances (Wislocki, ’43). In the latitude of New England, they increase in weight and reach maximal activity in the fall (October, November), followed by a marked decline in weight and suppression of secretory activity and spermatogenesis in the spring (May, June). Since the former report was published, the internal sex organs of male deer have been reinvestigated in this laboratory by a variety of histochemical methods for lipids (including steroids), nucleoproteins, acid mucopolysaccharides, glycogen and phosphatases. The present paper describes these reactions in the testes, epididymides and seminal vesicles of Virginia and Japanese deer, comparing the results in the active and inactive states. materials and method The material consists of the testes and seminal vesicles of 4 Virginia deer Odocoileus virginianus borealis) and 2 Japanese...
Inhibition of reproduction in Trypanosoma lewisi by ouabain.

Trypanosoma lewisi usually produces a benign parasitaemia in rats. The parasites multiply only during the first few days after infection. Reproducing populations contain organisms that vary greatly in shape, size and total length. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the total length of the parasites measures this variability and is a sensitive index of reproductive activity1. The CV is high, about 25%, early in the infection when reproduction is intense and thereafter decreases during infection until the trypanosomes become nearly uniform in size at about the tenth day of infection after which mostly non-reproducing forms are found2.
Rehabilitation of the patient after cerebrovascular accident.

Summary After a CVA, frequent and obvious deficits include paralysis of an arm or leg. However, there are other possible losses that are not immediately apparent. These include losses in communication (aphasia, dysarthria, and oral motor apraxia), the ability to orally ingest (dysphagia), and to carry out activities. Unless the specific deficit is recognized, the patient may be inappropriately labeled as senile or uncooperative. The central nervous system is an exceptionally complex control area. The more specific the diagnosis, the better the practitioner can understand the prognosis and prescribe appropriate therapy.