cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective Memory, Psychology of

Prospective memory refers to remembering to perform an action in the future. Despite the widespread importance of prospective memory in our daily lives, there has been virtually no research in this area. Beyond remembering the intended action and when it is to be performed (retrospective component), prospective memory requires us to remember to execute the intended action at the appropriate moment (prospective component). A key aspect of this prospective memory component that differentiates it from traditional retrospective memory research is that the participant must remember without prompting from an experimenter. The introduction of laboratory paradigms that allow examination of this prospective memory component has stimulated a growing body of research on prospective memory. At encoding, people may use different strategies for prospective memory tasks than they use for retrospective memory tasks, including the construction of plans for how and when the intended activity will be accomplished. Existing evidence also indicates that storage of to-be-executed intentions differs from retrospective memory storage. Prospective memory retrieval appears to be accomplished through a variety of cognitive processes. These processes range from resource-demanding self-initiated retrieval or monitoring to relatively automatic retrieval processes stimulated by environmental cues associated with the intended action.
Finite element approximation to the even-parity transport equation

The finite element method is a procedure for reducing partial differential equations to sets of simultaneous algebraic equations suitable for solution on a digital computer. The method consists of several steps. The differential equation first is cast into the form of a variational principle, and the domain of the resulting functional is partitioned into a number of subdomains or finite elements. The dependent variable then is approximated within each element by a simple polynomial, and these are linked across inter-element boundaries by appropriate continuity conditions. Such an approximation may be represented as a sum of piecewise polynomial trial functions with unknown coefficients that typically correspond to the values of the dependent variable and possibly its derivatives at mesh points defined by the finite element structure. The requirement that the functional be stationary with respect to variations in these coefficients then leads to the desired set of simultaneous equations.
Functional Properties of Select Dry Bean Seeds and Flours.

Select functional properties of 21 dry beans and soybean seeds and their corresponding flours were evaluated. Among the tested seeds, dark-red and light-red kidney beans had larger length (L)/breadth (B) ratios than the rest. Lentil seeds were the smallest (L/B = 0.98), thinnest (2.23 mm), and lightest (density 1.14 g/cm3 ) among the tested seeds. Garbanzo seeds were the thickest (thickness 7.05 mm). Highest bulk density (g/cm3 ), porosity (%), specific volume (cm3 /g), and bulk volume (cm3 /g) were registered, respectively, by moth bean (0.86 g/cm3 ), pink bean (66.53%), lentil (0.88 cm3 /g), and soybean (1.46 cm3 /g) seeds. Water uptake during soaking peaked in ≤12 hr by all bean seeds. Soybean and black bean flours, respectively, exhibited the highest water-holding (3.14 g/g) and oil-holding (2.15 g/g) capacities. Great Northern bean flour exhibited higher foaming volume (30.8% increase) than all the other tested seed flours. Stability of all bean flour foams were ≤36 hr. Black gram flour formed a gel at the lowest concentration (4% w/v) among all the tested seed flours. Garbanzo, soybean, tepary, and val bean flours failed to form a gel at ≤ 20% (w/v). The results indicate that the tested dry bean flours have great potential as functional ingredients for food formulations. Practical application Understanding the functional properties of the dry bean seeds and flours is important for designing handling, transportation, storage, and processing methods for these beans and in guiding the selection of appropriate dry bean flours as food ingredients.
The theory of the firm revisited: Is opportunism necessary?

According to Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), opportunism is necessary to explain why firms own their assets. It has been argued that in a ‘moral utopia’ characterized by absence of opportunism, n...
Steady-State Sinusoidal Circuit Analysis

Sinusoidal waveforms as explained in Chap. 3 have an amplitude r, a frequency ω, and a phase shift or phase angle ϕ and are expressed as:
The politics of resilience and resistance: Health care access and undocumented Mexican motherhood in the United States

This article explores the effect of an undocumented status in shaping narratives of resilience, emotional expression and maternal sentiment among undocumented Mexican mothers in the United States. Given the dominant narrative of maternal responsibility that I encountered while conducting ethnographic research among undocumented women in Houston, Texas, this work focuses on the cultural construction and narrative use of maternal sentiment as it is expressed in relation to the health practices and overall forms of survival and resilience of undocumented Mexican mothers and their children.
Examining State of the Judiciary Addresses: A Research Note

AbstractIn this research note, we provide the first detailed summary of State of the Judiciary (SOJ) addresses across the American states over time. Our analysis examines the political and administ...
Relationship Between the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WISQOL) and Preference-Based/Health Utility Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Kidney Stone Patients.

Abstract Objective To determine preference-based (utility) assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in kidney stone patients, and evaluate the association between these and disease specific, psychometric health status-based HRQoL scores (obtained via the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life [WISQOL]). Methods One hundred four adults with urolithiasis, as well as 78 young healthy adults without history of urolithiasis (controls) were consecutively enrolled, meeting the predetermined recruitment goal. Each participant completed the SF-36 v2 (from which SF-6D utility is calculated) and EQ-5D questionnaires, while urolithiasis patients additionally completed the WISQOL. Relationship between health utility and WISQOL scores was evaluated using Pearson's test and multivariable linear regression analysis (MVA). Construct validity of the utilities for urolithiasis was assessed by comparing utilities for patients vs controls, and for symptomatic vs asymptomatic patients. Results Mean (SD) WISQOL standard score, SF-6D, and EQ-5D utilities in stone patients respectively were 63 (29.1), 0.68 (0.16), and 0.83 (0.17). SF-6D and EQ-5D utilities significantly correlated with WISQOL standard score (Pearson's r = 0.87 and 0.58, respectively; each P Conclusion SF-6D, more so than EQ-5D utilities in urolithiasis patients are strongly associated with disease-specific WISQOL scores, suggesting they are optimal for preference-based HRQoL assessment in this population. Construct validity of the utilities in stone disease was demonstrated.
Using Logic to Evolve More Logic: Composing Logical Operators via Self-Assembly

I consider how complex logical operations might self-assemble in a signalling-game context via composition of simpler underlying dispositions. On the one hand, agents may take advantage of pre-evolved dispositions; on the other hand, they may co-evolve dispositions as they simultaneously learn to combine them to display more complex behaviour. In either case, the evolution of complex logical operations can be more efficient than evolving such capacities from scratch. Showing how complex phenomena like these might evolve provides an additional path to the possibility of evolving more or less rich notions of compositionality. This helps provide another facet of the evolutionary story of how sufficiently rich, human-level cognitive or linguistic capacities may arise from simpler precursors.
Measuring the Implementation of UDL in Classrooms and Schools: Initial Field Test Results:

The design, flexibility, and iterative nature that is inherent to Universal Design for Learning (UDL) makes it difficult to consistently measure. With federal policy encouraging the implementation ...
Want to Work on Asthma Genetics

Twins, data and emails. Some of the words that first come to mind when I think of Nick. Lots of twins. With lots of data. And short single-finger-typed emails. And great wine. Well, it works, there is no doubt. That's how I ended up in Australia, working on asthma genetics.
Outcomes of Negative Pressure Wound Therapies in the Management of Spine Surgical Site Wound Infections

ABSTRACT Background: Many studies report benefits using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in surgical site infections (SSIs). We measured and compared efficacy and complications associated with NPWT for traditional versus suprafascial vacuum-assisted closures (VACs). Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of consecutive SSIs managed with negative wound therapy after spinal procedures between 2012 and 2015 from a single, academic center. Patients were collected through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, procedure codes. Inclusion criteria were patients with spine SSIs managed by irrigation and debridement with a VAC device; infection occurring after spinal surgeries; and age over 18. A total of 23 consecutive patients met the criteria. We reviewed demographic data, surgical data, infectious disease data, discharge summaries, and postoperative follow-up charts. We compared and analyzed demographics, duration of VAC therapy, and reoperation rates between VAC groups. Statistical analysis was completed using analysis of variance and χ2 tests; P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 7 patients had traditional VACs (Group 1), and 16 patients had suprafascial VACs (Group 2). Average blood loss and number of levels involved during index surgery were not statistically significant between groups. Locations of infection occurrence were cervical spine = 3, thoracic spine = 1, and lumbar spine = 19. Reoperation rate after initial wound VAC placement was 34%, with rates significantly higher for Group 1 (71%) than Group 2 (16%), P = 0.02. Average duration of wound therapy was longer in Group 1 (77 days) than Group 2 (33 days), P = 0.08. Average number of operating room visits after initial wound VAC implantation were 0.7 for Group 1 and 0.3 for Group 2, P = 0.26, before obtaining a clean wound closure. Conclusions: Small sample size and retrospective nature were limitations. Negative pressure wound therapy may be useful for managing spinal infections, and suprafascial VAC had less time duration, lower risk of sponge fragment retainment, and fewer procedures to ultimately achieve wound closure. Level of Evidence: 3.
Lower bounds of potential blow-up solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in Ḣ32

We improve previous known lower bounds for Sobolev norms of potential blow-up solutions to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in H3/2.
A hybrid deep learning model of process-build interactions in additive manufacturing

Abstract Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a technique of additive manufacturing (AM) that is often used to construct a metal object layer-by-layer. The quality of AM builds depends to a great extent on the minimization of different defects such as porosity and cracks that could occur by process deviation during machine operation. Therefore, there is a need to develop new analytical methods and tools to equip the LPBF process with the inspection frameworks that assess the process condition and monitor the porosity defect in real-time. Advanced sensing is recently integrated with the AM machines to cope with process complexity and improve information visibility. This opportunity lays the foundation for online monitoring and assessment of the in-process build layer. This study presents the hybrid deep neural network structure with two types of input data to monitor the process parameters that result in porosity defect in cylinders’ layers. Results demonstrate that statistical features extracted by wavelet transform and texture analysis along with original powder bed images, assist the model in reaching a robust performance. In order to illustrate the fidelity of the proposed model, the capability of the main pipeline is examined and compared with different machine learning models. Eventually, the proposed framework identified the process conditions with an F-score of 97.14%. This salient flaw detection ability is conducive to repair the defect in real-time and assure the quality of the final part before the completion of the process.
Modeling the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to safely relax non-pharmaceutical interventions

Abstract In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including physical distancing, mask wearing, and enhanced hygiene, have been implemented. As of March 2021, three effective vaccines have been approved for emergency use in the United States, with several other vaccines in the pipeline. We use a transmission model to study when and how NPIs could be relaxed in the United States with relative safety as vaccination becomes more widespread. We compare different relaxation scenarios where NPIs begin to relax 0-9 months after vaccination begins for both a one dose and two dose strategy, with historical levels of social interactions being reached within 1 month to 1 year. In our model, vaccination can allow widespread relaxation of NPIs to begin safely within 2 to 9 months, greatly reducing deaths and peak health system burden compared to relaxing NPIs without vaccination. Vaccinated individuals can safely begin to relax NPIs sooner than unvaccinated individuals. The extent of delay needed to safely reopen depends primarily on the rate of vaccine rollout, with the degree of protection against asymptomatic infection playing a secondary role. If a vaccination rate of 3 million doses/day can be achieved, similar to the typical rollout speed of seasonal influenza vaccination, NPIs could begin to be safely relaxed in 2-3 months. With a vaccination rate of 1 million doses/day, a 6–9-month delay is needed. A one dose strategy is preferred if relative efficacy is similar to a two-dose series, but the relative benefit of this strategy is minimal when vaccine rollout is fast. Due to the urgent need to pursue strategies that enable safe relaxation of NPIs, we recommend a two-dose strategy with an initial delay of at least 3 months in relaxing restrictions further, and that the speed of vaccine rollout be given immediate priority.
Altered Responsiveness to TGFβ and BMP and Increased CD45+ Cell Presence in Mitral Valves Are Unique Features of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation.

Objective: Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) often develops after an ischemic event, which results in distortion of the valvulo-ventricular complex and incomplete mitral valve (MV) leaflet coapta...
Out-of-Class Assessment Activities for Feedback in a General, Organic, and Biochemistry Course

Two out-of-class formative assessments that have been developed and used in a General, Organic, and Biochemistry course are reported herein. The first assessment, called Daily Feedback, used the collaborative word processor, Google Docs. This assessment required students to place topics/objectives in one of three categories based on their level of understanding: (1) Yes I got it; (2) [I can get it] with practice; and (3) [I have] no idea. The second assessment is a variation of a blueprint that students use in conjunction with practice exams. The assessments were mutually beneficial to the students and the instructor due to the feedback that they provided. This feedback allowed the instructor to modify future lectures, and it allowed the students to engage in more focused study due to the ability of these assessments to identify areas of strength and concern. Responses to an end-of-semester student survey indicated that both assessments were viewed positively by the students; the combination of the practice exam and its assessment sheet was favored and ranked highly as a component in the course. These assessments helped students to engage in ongoing conversations about the course material which is key to the development of their scientific communication and metacognitive skills. Both assessments can be easily adapted to other courses and disciplines.
A Multiparametric Activity Profiling Platform for Neuron Disease Phenotyping and Drug Screening

ABSTRACT Patient stem cell-derived models enable imaging of complex disease phenotypes and the development of scalable drug discovery platforms. Current preclinical methods for assessing cellular activity do not, however, capture the full intricacies of disease-induced disturbances, and instead typically focus on a single parameter, which impairs both the understanding of disease and the discovery of effective therapeutics. Here, we describe a cloud-based image processing and analysis platform that captures the intricate activity profile revealed by GCaMP fluorescent recordings of intracellular calcium changes and enables discovery of molecules that correct 153 parameters that define the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron disease phenotype. In a high-throughput screen we identified compounds that revert the multiparametric disease profile to that found in healthy cells, a novel and robust measure of therapeutic potential quite distinct from unidimensional screening. This platform can guide the development of therapeutics that counteract the multifaceted pathological features of diseased cellular activity.
Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia with Aggressive Continuous Intravenous Insulin.

Purpose Severe hypertriglyceridemia requiring hospitalization for intravenous insulin to lower triglycerides and prevent complications of pancreatitis is becoming an increasing problem with little consensus treatment evidence. This is the largest case series to date to evaluate this under-studied area of literature. The objective of this study was to determine the average time to triglyceride lowering less than 500 mg/dL. Methods This was a retrospective case series from March 2018 to March 2020 at a single rural academic medical center. 23 patients were included who received weight-based intravenous insulin at 0.1 units/kg/hour through a hypertriglyceridemia management order-set over a two-year period. Results The median triglyceride level at initiation of the insulin infusion was 3759 mg/dL with an interquartile range of 5555. The median time to a triglyceride level less than 1000 mg/dL and 500 mg/dL was 45 hours (1.8 days) and 75 hours (3.1 days) respectively. Patients remained on intravenous insulin for a median of 60 hours (2.5 days). Conclusions In this largest case series to date evaluating the use of intravenous insulin for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, a weight-based insulin infusion demonstrated reduction of triglyceride levels to less than 1000 mg/dL in approximately 2 days and less than 500 mg/dL in approximately 3 days.
Management of Patients with Orofacial Clefts

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common and treatable birth defects. The etiologies of facial clefts include hereditary, environmental, and multifactorial causes. The role of dentistry in treating individuals with cleft and craniofacial anomalies is to provide comprehensive preventative and therapeutic oral health care. The diversity of surgical and complexity habilitating individuals with facial clefts often necessitates that the dentist work with a team of experts. The use of different services and interventions and their timing are critical to achieve optimal health outcomes in cleft patients. Management of patients from birth to adulthood will be presented and discussed with the main goal to provide the best care and improve the quality of their lives.
Methodology for Assessing Measurement Error for Casting Surface Inspection

Visual assessment of objects is critical to many fields including metalcasting. While the output for such a task is often a simple attribute, the problem studied here is for inspection tasks requiring an output that defines shape, size and location of anomalous areas, which are random and are not defined a priori. This paper defines a methodology to quantify the amount of repeatability and reproducibility variation. The application of the methodology for the visual surface assessment of steel castings reveals significant repeatability and reproducibility error. The work presented here is the impetus for current efforts that are defining the capabilities of the visual inspection process and ways to improve it through the selection, training and retraining of operators and through better control of the process.
Developmental biology of hematopoiesis

The cellular and environmental regulation of hematopoiesis has been generally conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, although subtle species differences exist. The factors that regulate hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis may closely resemble the inducers of embryonic patterning, rather than the factors that stimulate hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation. Comparative study of embryonic hematopoiesis in lower vertebrates can generate testable hypotheses that similar mechanisms occur during hematopoiesis in higher species.
Solving large-scale nonlinear programming problems by constraint partitioning

In this paper, we present a constraint-partitioning approach for finding local optimal solutions of large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems (MINLPs). Based on our observation that MINLPs in many engineering applications have highly structured constraints, we propose to partition these MINLPs by their constraints into subproblems, solve each subproblem by an existing solver, and resolve those violated global constraints across the subproblems using our theory of extended saddle points. Constraint partitioning allows many MINLPs that cannot be solved by existing solvers to be solvable because it leads to easier subproblems that are significant relaxations of the original problem. The success of our approach relies on our ability to resolve violated global constraints efficiently, without requiring exhaustive enumerations of variable values in these constraints. We have developed an algorithm for automatically partitioning a large MINLP in order to minimize the number of global constraints, an iterative method for determining the optimal number of partitions in order to minimize the search time, and an efficient strategy for resolving violated global constraints. Our experimental results demonstrate significant improvements over the best existing solvers in terms of solution time and quality in solving a collection of mixed-integer and continuous nonlinear constrained optimization benchmarks. Research supported by National Science Foundation Grant IIS 03-12084.
Effectiveness of low-dose continuous intravenous insulin infusion in diabetic ketoacidosis: A prospective comparative study

Twenty pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive insulin either as alow-dose continuous intravenous infusion or as high-dose intermittent subcutaneous injections. Blood was obtained hourly for determinations of total CO 2 , plasma glucose, and osmolality, and, in previously untreated patients, plasma insulin. Serum values of beta hydroxybutyrate, electrolytes, and acetone were monitored every two hours. Plasma insulin levels were in the therapeutically effective range with each method of administration. There were no statistically significant differences in rate os correction of ketoacidosis, rate of reduction of plasma glucose, or decline in plasma osmolality. The incidence and the severity of hypokalemia were increased in the patients receiving subcutaneous insulin There was less variation in the rate of reduction of plasma glucose in the infusion group. Low-dose continuous intravenous infusion of insulin is at least as effective in treating diabetic ketoacidosis as the traditional high-dose intermittent subcutaneous injection of insulin and offers some definite advantages.
Ownership and corporate governance : evidence from the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic's mass-privatization scheme changed the governance of many firms in a short time. The authors show that mass privatization was effective in improving firm management because of the concentrated ownership structure that resulted. For a cross section of 706 firms for the period 1992-95, they find that the more concentrated the firm's ownership, the higher the firm's market valuation and profitability. Large ownership through bank-sponsored investment funds and strategic investors appears to be particularly important in improving corporate governance and turning firms around. They find no evidence that market valuation or profitability were lower for firms in which investment funds sponsored by a firm's main bank represented a large ownership stake. It is often argued that the firm's main bank having (indirect) ownership control could represent a conflict of interest. The empirical analysis here shows, quite the contrary, that such indirect ownership control has a significant positive influence. On balance, banks that had an (indirect) equity stake in a firm have a positive influence on the firm's corporate governance.
Voice and data integration at an ATM DSL access multiplexor

We analyze cell loss and call blocking at an ATM-based DSL access multiplexor which integrates 2 types of calls onto a channel through a common buffer. Type-1 calls have stringent delay, but relaxed cell loss QoS requirement, and are representative of voice. Type-2 calls have stringent cell loss but relaxed delay QoS requirement, and are representative of Internet data. We study an access strategy that allocates separate buffers to the 2 cell types and assigns priority to the voice buffer in accessing the channel. We apply a fluid flow method to analyze both cell loss and call blocking of the two types of calls. These results are then used to size the admission region at the access node under loss and blocking constraints. Numerical results are presented which quantify the interaction between cell loss and call blocking and the utility of the priority scheme compared to the FIFO scheme in handling the two traffic types.
Use of the probit model to estimate school performance in student attainment of achievement testing standards

In the USA, trends in educational accountability have driven several models attempting to provide quality data for decision making at the national, state, and local levels, regarding the success of schools in meeting standards for competence. Statistical methods to generate data for such decisions have generally included (a) status models that examine simple indications of number of students meeting a criterion level of achievement, (b) growth models that explore change over the course of one or more years, and (c) value-added models that attempt to control for factors deemed relevant to student achievement patterns. This study examined a new strategy for student and school achievement modeling that augments the field through the use of the probit model to estimate the likelihood of students meeting an established level standard and estimating the proportion of individuals within a school meeting the standard. Results of the study showed that the probit model was an effective tool both for providing such adjustments, as well as for adjusting them based upon salient demographic variables. Implications of these results and suggestions for further use of the model are discussed.
Electron density as the basic variable: a divide-and-conquer approach to the ab initio computation of large molecules

Abstract A recently developed approach for calculations of ground states of many-electron systems is described. The method is based on density-functional theory. It uses the electron density as the basic computational variable and does not invoke molecular orbitais. A divide-and-conquer strategy is employed: a large system is first divided into subsystems in the physical space, then the densities of subsystems are calculated separately, and finally the total energy and the electron density are obtained as the sums of subsystem contributions. Various molecular calculations are presented to show that the new method is capable of describing electronic structure with accuracy comparable to the Kohn-Sham orbital approach. The method is expected to enable efficient first-principle calculations of large molecules beyond the reach of conventional approaches. Analysis is presented to address the physics underlying the method, the relation of the method to the traditional Thomas-Fermi-type theory, the effect of molecular symmetry, the scaling of computational effort, and the suitability for parallel computation.
Management of haemophilia B patients with inhibitors and anaphylaxis

The development of inhibitor antibodies is a serious complication of haemophilia in young children. Occurrence of anaphylaxis at the time of inhibitor development is a recently described complication unique to haemophilia B. Management of these inhibitor patients with allergy is complicated due to the absence of any readily available products for treatment of acute bleeding episodes. Clinical experience suggests that recombinant activated factor VII is the most appropriate and logical treatment for acute bleeding episodes in these patients. From the limited information available regarding immune tolerance induction (ITI) in these patients, it appears that ITI regimens have been only minimally successful and are associated with a high rate of complication (nephrotic syndrome).
The 2008 Frank Stinchfield award: variation in postoperative pelvic tilt may confound the accuracy of hip navigation systems.

Most computer navigation systems used in total hip arthroplasty integrate preoperative pelvic tilt to calculate the anterior pelvic plane assuming tilt is constant; however, the consistency of pelvic tilt after THA has never been proven. Therefore, using a modern comprehensive gait analysis before and after arthroplasty we sought to compare (1) dynamic pelvic tilt changes and (2) pelvic flexion/extension range-of-motion changes. Twenty-one patients who underwent unilateral THA were prospectively studied. Quantitative pelvic tilt changes (in the sagittal plane) and pelvic range of flexion/extension motion relative to a laboratory coordinate system were compared using a computerized video motion system. Mean gait pelvic tilt was 13.9o ± 4.8o (range, 1.73o–23.1o) preoperatively, 12.5o ± 4.5o (range, 1.4o–18.7o) 2 months postoperatively, and 10.5° ± 5.5o (range, –2.36o–19.2o) 12 months postoperatively. A significant proportion (31%) of patients had more than a 5° difference between preoperative and 12-month postoperative measurements and the variability was spread over 20°. Significant dynamic changes in pelvic tilt occurred after THA. While navigation clearly improves the anatomical position of the component during THA, the functional position of the component will not always be improved because of the significant change between preoperative and postoperative pelvic tilt.
Cytoplasmic HSP70 homologues of pea: differential expression in vegetative and embryonic organs.

Eukaryotes express several cytoplasmic HSP70 genes, and their encoded proteins participate in diverse cellular processes. Three cDNAs encoding highly expressed cytoplasmic HSP70 homologues from Pisum sativum were cloned and characterized. They were designated PsHSP71.2, PsHSC71.0, and PsHSP70b. These HSP70 genes have different expression profiles in leaves: PsHSP71.2 is observed only in response to heat stress, PsHSC71.0 is present constitutively, and PsHSP70b is weakly constitutively expressed, but induced strongly in response to heat stress. In addition to being heat induced, the PsHSP71.2 mRNA is also expressed in zygotic, but not maternal organs of developing pea seeds, while PsHSC71.0 and PsHSP70b mRNAs are present in maternal and zygotic organs throughout seed development. Immunoblot analysis of parallel protein samples detects a 70 kDa polypeptide in all samples, and a 72 kDa polypeptide that corresponds to the PsHSP71.2 gene product is observed in cotyledons beginning at mid-maturation and in axes beginning between late maturation and desiccation. This polypeptide is not detected in the seed coat. The 72 kDa polypeptide remains abundant in both cotyledons and axes through germination, but declines substantially between 48 and 72 h after the onset of imbibition. Differential control of HSP70 expression during heat stress, seed maturation, and germination is consistent with the hypothesis that there are functional distinctions between cytoplasmic HSP70s.
Knowledge base refinement by backpropagation

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach to knowledge base refinement based upon a neural-network computational model known as backpropagation. In this approach, the rule base of a knowledge-based system is converted to a neural network by performing a fine-grained mapping: each domain attribute or concept is mapped into a neural node and each rule is mapped into a connection. Neural networks thus constructed are more sparse in connections that conventional ones. This nature in conjunction with sufficient initial knowledge embedded in such networks accounts for their faster convergence to a desired state in the learning phase. The direction along with the magnitude of changes in connection weights after training the networks with correct samples is the main basis to revise corresponding rule bases. The approach is further strengthened by employing overall system performance measures such as diagnostic accuracy to approve or disapprove modifications made by backpropagation.
Mechanisms of mixing in single and co-rotating twin screw extruders

Previous experimental studies have revealed that the mixing efficiencies of widely used continuous processors such as the single and twin screw extruders depend on the types of screw elements, which are utilized. It is generally recognized that the basic single screw extruder and the fully-fighted sections of the fully-intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruders are not efficient mixers, in contrast to the specialized mixing elements such as the kneading discs used in co-rotating twin screw extruders. However, no simulation techniques were available to characterize quantitatively and rigorously the mixing efficiencies of continuous processors. In this study, we have solved the three-dimensional equations of conservation of mass and momentum, and utilized various tools of dynamics to analyze the mixing occurring in single and co-rotating twin screw extruders. It is shown that simulation methods can indeed capture the relative differences in the mixing mechanisms of continuous processors like the single and twin screw extruders. The ability to distinguish quantitatively between the distributive mixing capabilities of various continuous processors should facilitate numerical testing of new continuous mixer designs, optimization of operating conditions and geometries of existing mixers and the material-specific design of new mixers.
Saving Critical Realism

Critical Realism aims to be both philosophically sophisticated and morally forward looking. Unfortunately the accepted form that this point of view has taken is flawed in both these aims. However, close attention to realist formats in science and the constraints that are required to give a social psychological application of them makes possible a revision of the Critical Realist scheme strengthening its scientific claim and removing certain moral ambiguities in its applications. What follows is a schematic outline for an alternative neo-Critical Realism. Attention to the plausibility of working models leads from a substantivalist conception of social reality to a Heraclitean social metaphysics.
Rhetorical Accessability: At the Intersection of Technical Communication and Disability Studies, edited by Lisa Meloncon, Amityville, New York: Baywood, 2013. 247 pp.

Meloncon's Rhetorical Accessability explores the connections between critical work in disability studies and technical communication. The first collection of its kind, included essays combine theory and practice to emphasize the value of placing disability studies at the forefront of design, workplace practices, and pedagogies. Echoing the diversity of scholarship that has contributed to this emerging area of study---from disability studies, technical communication, rhetoric, and literacy studies--- the collection emphasizes technical communication as a crucial multidisciplinary ground for critical discourse regarding disability and accessibility. As a whole, Meloncon's collection initiates a broader scholarly conversation centered on issues of accessibility in various technical communication contexts.
Imaging Atherosclerosis and Risk of Plaque Rupture

Atherosclerosis imaging strategies can delineate characteristics of plaques at risk of rupture and thrombosis. Structural plaque imaging identifies high-risk plaque features, including lipid pools, thin fibrous caps, and intraplaque hemorrhage. New molecular imaging techniques complement structural imaging approaches by illuminating important features of plaque biology, with a prominent focus on detecting inflammation as a high-risk phenotype. As we unravel the molecular and structural characteristics underlying thrombosis-prone plaques, there is significant promise for eventual early identification and prediction of atherosclerotic plaque complications before they occur. Here we focus on recent imaging insights into high-risk arterial plaques, the etiologic agent of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death.
What High-Deductible Plans Look Like: Findings From A National Survey Of Employers, 2005

ABSTRACT: This paper documents the availability, enrollment, premiums, and cost sharing for high-deductible health plans that are offered with a health reimbursement arrangement (HRA) or are health...
Position sensitive response of a thin film detector to the passage of alpha particles

Abstract The position sensitive nature of the thin film detector (TFD) has been established by digitally recording the two signal responses produced respectively by two opposing photomultiplier (PM) tubes when a collimated alpha particle beam impinges upon defined areas of the thin film scintillator. The observed differential response is consistent with a mechanism of light collection in which light is ‘trapped’ and guided to the PM faces within the scintillator film itself, undergoing an exponential type decrease in intensity per path length. An additional mechanism may contribute appreciably and is characterized by light being emitted in an isotropic (4π) distribution about the point at which the alpha particle traverses the film. The resolution of the position sensitive response is relatively poor due in part to the weak signals generated by the traversing light ions. The position response curves indicate how improved signal strengths can be obtained by redesign of the scintillator film support.
A new anionic derivative of P3N3F6

The use of alkall-metal fluorides as nucleophiles in oprotlc solvents has received much attention lately. The fluoride ion can cause reaction in two ways: cleavage (as in the case of $205F22 and P203F43) or addition (as in the case of COF24 and FSNS). We are reporting preliminary evidence of both the above reactions oocuring in an unsaturated phasphorus-nltrogen system, using trlmeric phasphonltrilic fluoride as the substrate. Addition did indeed occur when cesium fluoride was reacted with a slight excess of P3N3F 6 (based on a 1:1 reactant ratio) in anhydrous acetonitrile at ambient temperature. The white, hydroscopic odduct (CsP3N3F7) was isolated in quantitative yield by evaporation of the solvent. (Anal. Calcd: Cs 33.2, P 23.2, N 10.5, F 33.2, Equiv. Wt. 400.9; Found: Cs 33.4, P 23.1, N 10.2, F 32.6, Equiv. Wt. 403). Based on infrared evidence, the same product was obtained whether or not a large excess of either reagent was used. Thus cleavage of the P~'43 framework into small fragments apparently did not occur. Conductivity measurements of the salt in nitramethane demonstrated that i t was a 1:1 electrolyte (a plot o f . / ~ . ~ ¢ vs gave a slope of 250). 6 To date, the literature shows that the reaction between PsN~6 and a nucleophile (such as phenyllithlum) results in replacement of halogen by the phenyl group. An earlier article by Bode and Bach s reported that treatment of P3N3CI 6 by phenylmagnesium bromide and hydrochloric acid yielded Ph7PsN3H-HBr. This reaction not only replaced the halogens with phenyl group~ but also cleaved the ring to yield a linear species related in principle to structure II shown below. Although the structure of the anion PsN3F7is not known, two possibilities appear attractive: simple addition of fluoride ion to glve the cyclic anion I, or addition and cleavage to the linear structure II.
Improving Below-Proficient Information Literacy Skills: Designing an Evidence-Based Educational Intervention

This article describes the design and development of an educational intervention intended to improve information literacy skills based on research with first-year college students. The intervention was developed over the course of a three-year period, during which time grant funding was received from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), supporting the collection of research data on the learning needs of first-year college students who scored below proficient on a standardized information literacy test. A variety of empirical methods including tests, surveys, interviews, and focus groups were used to collect data. The resulting intervention is a modular session that can be used as a stand-alone presentation or incorporated into other information literacy interventions. The design of the intervention stresses three main research goals: orientation to information literacy as a skill set, improved ability to self assess skills, and the acquisition of at least one skill that demonstrates the ut...
Humor in nursing practice: a phenomenological study

Humor is an important but underutilized resource in nurse-patient interaction. The multidimensional value of humor in providing nursing care has recently begun to receive attention. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the meaning of nurses' use of humor in their nursing practice. Twenty-one registered nurses enrolled in a graduate nursing program described in detail an experience they had using humor in providing nursing care. The 21 written descriptions were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Five themes emerged in which humor was found to (a) help nurses deal effectively with difficult situations and difficult patients, (b) create a sense of cohesiveness between nurses and their patients and also among the nurses themselves, (c) be an effective therapeutic communication technique that helped to decrease patients' anxiety, depression, and embarrassment, (d) be planned and routine or be unexpected and spontaneous, and (e) create lasting effects beyond the immediate moment for both nurses and patients.
Research support from the office of Naval Research

The operation of the Psychological Sciences Division of the Office of Naval Research is described briefly. Guidance is provided for prospective proposers of research to that division.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the G1 and N proteins of LaCrosse and Tahyna, two California serogroup bunyaviruses.

Abstract Antibody-secreting hybrid cell lines were isolated by fusion of spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with LaCrosse and Tahyna viruses with mouse myeloma cells. Of 23 cell lines, 15 secreted immunoglobulins which precipitated the G1 envelope glycoprotein, and 8 secreted immunoglobulins which precipitated the nucleocapsid protein; none reacted with the two other virion proteins, G2 or L. Monoclonal antibodies were characterized in neutralization (N), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and ELISA tests against 11 California serogroup viruses. (i) Antibodies against the G1 viral glycoprotein fell into four groups designated A, B, C, and D. Groups A and B antibodies had high N and HI titers; group A antibodies were virus specific while those in group B were cross-reactive with many California serogroup viruses. Groups C and D antibodies had no N or HI activity, with one exception which did not neutralize but had HI activity. Group C antibodies bound preferentially to the homologous virus, while group D antibodies were cross-reactive. The concordance of N and HI responses suggests that the viral glycoprotein has a single domain which binds to cellular receptors and that groups A and B monoclonal antibodies interfere with this function. (ii) Nucleocapsid antibodies showed neither N nor HI activity and fell into two groups, designated E and F; group E antibodies bound preferentially to the homologous virus, while group F antibodies were cross-reactive with other California serogroup viruses. (iii) Monoclonal antibodies can be used to rapidly determine the phenotype of reassortants between LaCrosse and Tahyna viruses, for two of three gene segments. (iv) The identification of specific shared and unshared antigenic determinants provides a much improved rationale for the serologic taxonomy of California viruses, and suggests possible revisions in existing classification. Use of selected monoclonal antibodies also markedly facilitates identification of virus isolates.