cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum caustics in resonance-fluorescence trajectories

We employ phase-sensitive amplification to perform homodyne detection of the resonance fluorescence from a driven superconducting artificial atom. Entanglement between the emitter and its fluorescence allows us to track the individual quantum state trajectories of the emitter conditioned on the outcomes of the field measurements. We analyze the ensemble properties of these trajectories by considering trajectories that connect specific initial and final states. By applying the stochastic path-integral formalism, we calculate equations of motion for the most-likely path between two quantum states and compare these predicted paths to experimental data. Drawing on the mathematical similarity between the action formalism of the most-likely quantum paths and ray optics, we study the emergence of caustics in quantum trajectories: places where multiple extrema in the stochastic action occur. We observe such multiple most-likely paths in experimental data and find these paths to be in reasonable quantitative agreement with theoretical calculations.
Perspective from the Field: Collaborative Management in Natural Resources and Environmental Administration

In 2006, Tomas Koontz and Craig Thomas wrote, “If the 20th century was the year of the administration state then the 21st century may be the year of the collaborative state” (Koontz and Thomas, 2006). Koontz and Thomas were correct in one respect—collaborative management has come to be a part of environmental and natural resources decision making at almost every level of government and in almost every subset issue area. The question this essay addresses is: Is this necessarily a good thing? More specifically, are there situations in which collaborative management works well and others in which it should be avoided entirely?
Pairing field methods to improve inference in wildlife surveys while accommodating detection covariance

It is common to use multiple field sampling methods when implementing wildlife surveys to compare method efficacy or cost efficiency, integrate distinct pieces of information provided by separate methods, or evaluate method-specific biases and misclassification error. Existing models that combine information from multiple field methods or sampling devices permit rigorous comparison of method-specific detection parameters, enable estimation of additional parameters such as false-positive detection probability, and improve occurrence or abundance estimates, but with the assumption that the separate sampling methods produce detections independently of one another. This assumption is tenuous if methods are paired or deployed in close proximity simultaneously, a common practice that reduces the additional effort required to implement multiple methods and reduces the risk that differences between method-specific detection parameters are confounded by other environmental factors. We develop occupancy and spatial capture-recapture models that permit covariance between the detections produced by different methods, use simulation to compare estimator performance of the new models to models assuming independence, and provide an empirical application based on American marten (Martes americana) surveys using paired remote cameras, hair catches, and snow tracking. Simulation results indicate existing models that assume that methods independently detect organisms produce biased parameter estimates and substantially understate estimate uncertainty when this assumption is violated, while our reformulated models are robust to either methodological independence or covariance. Empirical results suggested that remote cameras and snow tracking had comparable probability of detecting present martens, but that snow tracking also produced false-positive marten detections that could potentially substantially bias distribution estimates if not corrected for. Remote cameras detected marten individuals more readily than passive hair catches. Inability to photographically distinguish individual sex did not appear to induce negative bias in camera density estimates; instead, hair catches appeared to produce detection competition between individuals that may have been a source of negative bias. Our model reformulations broaden the range of circumstances in which analyses incorporating multiple sources of information can be robustly used, and our empirical results demonstrate that using multiple field-methods can enhance inferences regarding ecological parameters of interest and improve understanding of how reliably survey methods sample these parameters.
Internal wave scattering in continental slope canyons, Part 2: A comparison of ray tracing and numerical simulations

Abstract When internal waves interact with topography, such as continental slopes, they can transfer wave energy to local dissipation and diapycnal mixing. Submarine canyons comprise approximately ten percent of global continental slopes, and can enhance the local dissipation of internal wave energy, yet parameterizations of canyon mixing processes are currently missing from large-scale ocean models. As a first step in the development of such parameterizations, we conduct a parameter space study of M2 tidal-frequency, low-mode internal waves interacting with idealized V-shaped canyon topographies. Specifically, we examine the effect of varying the canyon mouth width, shape and slope of the thalweg (line of lowest elevation) (i.e. flat bottom or near-critical slope). In Part 1 of this study ( Nazarian and Legg, 2017a ), we developed a ray tracing algorithm and used it to estimate how canyons can increase the wave Froude number, by increasing energy density and increasing vertical wavenumber. Here in Part 2 we examine the internal wave scattering in continental slope canyons using numerical simulations, and compare the results with the linear ray tracing predictions. We find that at intermediate canyon widths, a large fraction of incoming wave energy can be dissipated, which can be explained as a consequence of the increase in ray density and, for near-critical slope canyons, increase in vertical wave number, which leads to lower Richardson number followed by instability. Relative to a steep continental slope without a canyon, we find that V-shaped flat bottom canyons always dissipate more energy and are an effective geometry for wave trapping and subsequent energy loss. When both flat bottom canyons and near-critical slope canyons are made narrower, less wave energy enters the canyon, but a larger fraction of that energy is lost to dissipation due to subsequent reflections and wave trapping. There is agreement between the diagnostics calculated from the numerical model and the linear ray tracing, lending support for the use of linear theory to understand the fundamental dynamics of internal wave scattering in canyons.
TopoAngler: Interactive Topology-Based Extraction of Fishes

We present TopoAngler, a visualization framework that enables an interactive user-guided segmentation of fishes contained in a micro-CT scan. The inherent noise in the CT scan coupled with the often disconnected (and sometimes broken) skeletal structure of fishes makes an automatic segmentation of the volume impractical. To overcome this, our framework combines techniques from computational topology with an interactive visual interface, enabling the human-in-the-Ioop to effectively extract fishes from the volume. In the first step, the join tree of the input is used to create a hierarchical segmentation of the volume. Through the use of linked views, the visual interface then allows users to interactively explore this hierarchy, and gather parts of individual fishes into a coherent sub-volume, thus reconstructing entire fishes. Our framework was primarily developed for its application to CT scans of fishes, generated as part of the ScanAllFish project, through close collaboration with their lead scientist. However, we expect it to also be applicable in other biological applications where a single dataset contains multiple specimen; a common routine that is now widely followed in laboratories to increase throughput of expensive CT scanners.
Accounting for the Decreasing Willingness of U.S. High School Seniors to Protest, 1976–2015:

Protest waves ebb and flow in contemporary America. Willingness to protest is a key precursor to a fledgling citizen’s potential for eventually being mobilized to participate in a public demonstrat...
Second-generation DNA-templated macrocycle libraries for the discovery of bioactive small molecules

DNA-encoded libraries have emerged as a widely used resource for the discovery of bioactive small molecules, and offer substantial advantages compared with conventional small-molecule libraries. Here, we have developed and streamlined multiple fundamental aspects of DNA-encoded and DNA-templated library synthesis methodology, including computational identification and experimental validation of a 20 × 20 × 20 × 80 set of orthogonal codons, chemical and computational tools for enhancing the structural diversity and drug-likeness of library members, a highly efficient polymerase-mediated template library assembly strategy, and library isolation and purification methods. We have integrated these improved methods to produce a second-generation DNA-templated library of 256,000 small-molecule macrocycles with improved drug-like physical properties. In vitro selection of this library for insulin-degrading enzyme affinity resulted in novel insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitors, including one of unusual potency and novel macrocycle stereochemistry (IC50 = 40 nM). Collectively, these developments enable DNA-templated small-molecule libraries to serve as more powerful, accessible, streamlined and cost-effective tools for bioactive small-molecule discovery.
Insect Pathogenic Protozoa

Members of the subkingdom Protozoa represent a heterogenous group of protists that belong to the kingdom Protoctista (Margulis et al., 1990). Comparative analysis of the ribosomal RNA sequences of protozoa has placed them in an evolutionary branch between the plant and animal kingdoms. These unicellular organisms are an ancient group that arose well before animals, helminths, and yeasts. Protozoa are not monophyletic and diverged very early in evolutionary time and on a scale greater than that estimated for either the plant or animal kingdoms. Protozoa possess at least one motile stage powered by cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia. The vegetative cells of most protozoa are membrane-bound and lack the rigid cell wall structure common to both fungi and plants. The structure of the cell membrane of protozoa is similar to that found in other eukaryotes and generally fits the fluid mosaic model. In many cases the outer membrane surface may be coated with a thin pellicle or glycocalyx.
Sounding a False Alarm: Federal Preemption of State Securities Fraud Causes of Action

This Article evaluates, from both an economic and a political perspective, the Uniform Securities Litigation Standards Act of 1998, a bill that preempts most securities fraud class actions under state law. The Article, drawn in part on the author's testimony before committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives, concludes that the purported benefits of requiring securities fraud claims to be litigated under federal law are ephemeral, because relatively few class actions are filed in state court and because claims of fiduciary breach are already litigated under state corporate law. The statistical evidence that plaintiffs fled to state court after the 1995 Reform Act is at best ambiguous; other statistical evidence suggests that the 1996 increase in state-court litigation was temporary and that the number of state securities class actions in 1997 returned to pre-1995 levels. Three quarters of these suits were filed in one state, California, against companies having most of their operations there. An analysis under public choice theory of trends in state law also suggests that California and most other states will favor issuers that base operations and/or sell a substantial amount of securities within the state, although a few smaller states could be dominated by pro-plaintiff interests. The Uniform Standards Act thus responds to a problem that doesn't exist, and furthermore fails to address problems that are real and need to be addressed. These include use of state court litigation by individual plaintiffs to circumvent stays on discovery in federal court and collusive agreements by class action lawyers to settle federal securities claims as part of settling corporate law claims in state court.
ASPIRATIONS, BEHAVIORS AND COMMITMENTS: SOCIAL IDENTITY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RESILIENCE

We explore how thirteen entrepreneurial firms in the southeast textile industry responded to the combination of competitive blows and the global economic crisis. Existing explanations of organizational resilience rely on slack resources; however, the firms we studied operated under conditions of negative slack. We discovered that individual-level entrepreneurial identity plays a pivotal role in shaping organization-level resilience. We induce a process model that explains how three types of identity map to three forms of resilience. Our contributions extend and complement theories of resilience, challenge current assumptions of what it means to be an entrepreneur and demand integration of competing schools of social psychology.
Ex Utero Culture and Live Imaging of Mouse Embryos

Mouse genetic approaches when combined with live imaging tools have the potential to revolutionize our current understanding of mammalian biology. The availability and improvement of a wide variety of fluorescent proteins have provided indispensable tools to visualize cells in living organisms. It is now possible to generate genetically modified mouse strains expressing fluorescent proteins in a tissue-specific manner. These reporter-expressing strains make it possible to image dynamic cell behaviors in the context of a living embryo. Since mouse embryos develop within the uterus, live imaging experiments require culture conditions that closely mimic those in vivo. Over the past few decades, significant advances have been made in developing conditions for culturing both pre- and postimplantation stage embryos. In this chapter, we will discuss methods for ex utero culture of preimplantation and postimplantation stage mouse embryos. In particular, we will describe protocols for collecting embryos at various stages, setting up culture conditions for imaging and using laser scanning confocal microscopy to visualize live processes in mouse embryos expressing fluorescent reporters.
Nonlinear moment-tensor inversion of repetitive long-periods events recorded at Pacaya volcano, Guatemala

Detailed models of low-frequency seismicity at volcanoes provide insights into conduit structure and dynamics of magmatic systems. We examine explosion-related long-period (LP) events from Pacaya volcano, Guatemala, that were recorded during a temporary installation of four broadband seismic stations from October 2013 to November 2013. The repetitive LP events are identified with the aid of infrasound measurements using a matched filter due to the high level of background tremor and the small magnitude of the recorded events. We derive a representative seismic signal from the phase-weighted stack of 8,587 of these similar events, and invert for a source moment tensor. To address the limitations posed by the limited number of stations of the local network, we employ a non-linear waveform inversion that uses a grid search for source type to obtain a quantitative measure of the source mechanism reliability. With only four stations, Pacaya represents a case of limited observational data, where a quantitative description of moment tensor uncertainty is needed before any interpretation is to be attempted. Results point to a shallow source mechanism somewhat like a tension crack, dipping ~ 40° to the east, consistent with the dominant E-W motion in the seismic records from stations west, north, and east of the source. The uncertainties determined from the non-linear inversion are not insignificant, but clearly constrain the mechanism to be a source dominated by isotropic components
Classification of Therapeutic Hand Poses Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Measurement of finger active range of motion (ARoM) is essential to quantify outcomes accurately after hand surgery and during rehabilitation. Currently, finger ARoM is measured by a hand-held goniometer, which introduces measurement error. Moreover, this method is time-consuming. To speed up and simplify this process, we developed a system to measure the ARoM automatically. However, to assess the ARoM for all joints, different hand poses are required. The goal, then, is to design a classifier that achieves accurate and automatic discovery of the hand pose. According to the detected pose, the system will apply the appropriate algorithm to measure the ARoM for all fingers. Furthermore, this will enable a camera capture control system to provide the best view by moving the camera as required by each algorithm. A critical part of the system is the classifier because it controls the accuracy and compute time of the measurement. In this paper, we describe a study of different classifiers for hand pose and include results. The best classifier achieves 99% accuracy in classifying 400 test samples from five previously unseen human subjects with a compute time of 8ms per sample.
Joint Prostate Cancer Detection and Gleason Score Prediction in mp-MRI via FocalNet

Multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) is considered the best non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). However, mp-MRI for PCa diagnosis is currently limited by the qualitative or semi-quantitative interpretation criteria, leading to inter-reader variability and a suboptimal ability to assess lesion aggressiveness. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a powerful method to automatically learn the discriminative features for various tasks, including cancer detection. We propose a novel multi-class CNN, FocalNet, to jointly detect PCa lesions and predict their aggressiveness using Gleason score (GS). FocalNet characterizes lesion aggressiveness and fully utilizes distinctive knowledge from mp-MRI. We collected a prostate mp-MRI dataset from 417 patients who underwent 3T mp-MRI exams prior to robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. FocalNet was trained and evaluated in this large study cohort with fivefold cross validation. In the free-response receiver operating characteristics (FROC) analysis for lesion detection, FocalNet achieved 89.7% and 87.9% sensitivity for index lesions and clinically significant lesions at one false positive per patient, respectively. For the GS classification, evaluated by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, FocalNet received the area under the curve of 0.81 and 0.79 for the classifications of clinically significant PCa (GS ≥ 3 + 4) and PCa with GS ≥ 4 + 3, respectively. With the comparison to the prospective performance of radiologists using the current diagnostic guideline, FocalNet demonstrated comparable detection sensitivity for index lesions and clinically significant lesions, only 3.4% and 1.5% lower than highly experienced radiologists without statistical significance.
Slate: Enabling Workload-Aware Efficient Multiprocessing for Modern GPGPUs

As GPUs now contribute the majority of computing power for HPC and data centers, improving GPU utilization becomes an important research problem. Sharing GPU among multiple kernels is an effective approach but requires judicious kernel selection and scheduling for optimal gains. In this paper, we present Slate, a software-based workload-aware GPU multiprocessing framework that enables concurrent kernels from different processes to share GPU devices. Slate selects concurrent kernels that have complementary resource demands at run time to minimize interference for individual kernels and improve GPU resource utilization. Slate adjusts the size of application kernels on-the-fly so that kernels readily share, release, and claim resources based on GPU status. It further controls overhead including data transfers and synchronization. We have built a prototype of Slate and evaluated it on a system with a NVIDIA Titan Xp card. Our experiments show that Slate improves system throughput by 11% on average and up to 35% at the best scenario for the tested applications, in comparison to NVIDIA MultiProcess Service (MPS) that uses hardware scheduling and the leftover policy for resource sharing.
Tumor bed proton irradiation in young children with localized medulloblastoma.

Background Radiotherapy is often deferred in very young children with medulloblastoma, in favor of more intense chemotherapy and stem cell rescue; however, posterior fossa radiation has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) and event-free survival compared with adjuvant chemotherapy alone. This study was performed to assess the OS, recurrence-free survival (RFS), patterns of failure, and clinical toxicity for children aged five and under who received focal proton radiation to the tumor bed alone. Procedure From 2010 to 2017, 14 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma at one institution received tumor bed irradiation following surgery and chemotherapy. The median age of the patients was 40 months (range, 10.9-62.9 months). Results With a median follow-up of 54 months, four patients relapsed: three within the central nervous system (CNS) outside of the posterior fossa, and one within the tumor bed after subtotal resection. All relapses occurred within 28 months after the completion of radiation therapy. Five-year OS and RFS for this cohort of patients were 84% (95% CI, 48%-96%) and 70% (95% CI, 38%-88%), respectively. One patient experienced significant tumor regrowth soon after completion of radiation, autopsy showed viable tumor and necrosis near and within the brainstem, with relation to radiation unknown; however, no other acute clinical toxicities greater than grade 2 were observed in this group of patients. In the nine patients with available performance status follow-up, no significant changes in Lansky performance status were observed. Conclusions Five-year OS and RFS following tumor bed irradiation in young children with medulloblastoma appear to be improved compared with other studies that forego the use of radiation therapy in this patient population. This approach should be further investigated in young children with medulloblastoma.
Thirty-Day Readmission After Status Epilepticus in the United States: Insights From the Nationwide Readmission Database

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence, causes, predictors, and costs of 30-day readmissions in patients admitted with status epilepticus (SE) from a large representative United States (US) population. Methods Adults (age ≥18 years) hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of SE (International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-CM codes 345.2 or 345.3) between January 2013 and September 2015 were identified using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of 30-day readmissions. Results Of 42,232 patients with index SE, 6372 (15.0%) were readmitted within 30 days. In the multivariable analysis, intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.18), psychosis (1.26 95%, 1.05–1.50), diabetes mellitus (1.12, 95%, 1.00–1.25), chronic kidney disease (1.50, 95%, 1.31–1.72), chronic liver disease (1.51; 95%, 1.24–1.84), >3 Elixhauser comorbidities (1.18; 95%, 1.06–1.31), length of stay >4 days during index hospitalization (1.41; 95%, 1.28–1.56) and discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF) (1.14; 95%, 1.01–1.28) were independent predictors of 30-day readmission. The most common reason for readmission was seizures (45.1%). Median length of stay and costs of readmission were 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2–7 days) and $7882 (IQR, $4649–$15,012), respectively. Conclusion Thirty-day readmissions after SE occurs in 15% of patients, the majority of which were due to seizures. Readmitted patients are more likely to have multiple comorbidities, a longer length of stay, and discharge to SNF. Awareness of these predictors can help identify and target high-risk patients for interventions to reduce readmissions and costs.
Endometriosis Pain Management: a Review

The purpose of this review is to summarize the up-to-date pain management options and recommendations for the challenging disease, endometriosis. The mainstays of endometriosis advances of both surgical and medical management continue to evolve. Experimental pharmaceuticals include Gestirone, and aromatase inhibitors have shown promise but are still under scrutiny. Surgical techniques include laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation/resection and presacral neurectomy. No studies have directly compared medical versus surgical management, and as such, no one treatment modality can be recommend as superior to the other. Patients may initially be given a medical diagnosis and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neurolepitcs, OCP, GNRH agonists/antagonists, and Danazol. Assessing the success of these regimens has proved difficult. Surgical management relies on various methods including excision/ablation of the lesions, nerve ablation, neurectomy, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy.
Texture Evolution of Modified 12%Cr Steel in High-Temperature Compression

The texture evolution of modified 12%Cr steel in high-temperature compression was investigated under a 10, 25, 35, and 50% reduction at 1150°C by using Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulation machine. Electron backscattering diffraction analysis showed that the texture of modified 12%Cr steel varied within α, γ, and e and Goss fibers coexisting to γ and e , then to α and e , with the {hkl} orientation always existing in compression. Recrystallization nuclei contribute to γ-fiber strengthening due to their high-energy mechanism. First activated. α-fibers can be consolidated owing to the interaction of deformation and recrystallization. In the compression procedure of an ultrasupercritical high-pressure rotor made of modified 12%Cr steel, the deformation should be controlled under the recrystallization activation energy of α-fibers to obtain the microstructure featured by the γ-fiber recrystallization texture, and vice versa.
Digging for fold: synthesis-aided API discovery for Haskell

We present Hoogle+, a web-based API discovery tool for Haskell. A Hoogle+ user can specify a programming task using either a type, a set of input-output tests, or both. Given a specification, the tool returns a list of matching programs composed from functions in popular Haskell libraries, and annotated with automatically-generated examples of their behavior. These features of Hoogle+ are powered by three novel techniques. First, to enable efficient type-directed synthesis from tests only, we develop an algorithm that infers likely type specifications from tests. Second, to return high-quality programs even with ambiguous specifications, we develop a technique that automatically eliminates meaningless and repetitive synthesis results. Finally, we show how to extend this elimination technique to automatically generate informative inputs that can be used to demonstrate program behavior to the user. To evaluate the effectiveness of Hoogle+ compared with traditional API search techniques, we perform a user study with 30 participants of varying Haskell proficiency. The study shows that programmers equipped with Hoogle+ generally solve tasks faster and were able to solve 50% more tasks overall.
Applying Restorative Environments in the Home Office While Sheltering-in-Place.

ObjectiveThe objective of this review was to spotlight specific methods for people working from home to apply restorative environment research to improve productivity and mental health during shelt...
Depoliticizing Administrative Law

A large body of empirical evidence demonstrates that judicial review of agency action is highly politicized, in the sense that Republican appointees are significantly more likely to invalidate liberal agency decisions than conservative ones, while Democratic appointees are significantly more likely to invalidate conservative agency decisions than liberal ones. These results hold for both (a) judicial review of agency interpretations of law and (b) judicial review of agency decisions for “arbitrariness” on questions of policy and fact. On the federal courts of appeals, the most highly politicized voting patterns are found on unified panels, that is, on panels consisting solely of either Democratic or Republican appointees. On the Supreme Court, politicized administrative law is also unmistakable, as the more conservative justices show a distinctive willingness to vote to invalidate liberal agency decisions, and the more liberal justices show a distinctive willingness to vote to invalidate conservative agency decisions. Indeed, it is possible to “rank” justices in terms of the extent to which their voting patterns are politicized. The empirical results raise an obvious question: What might be done to depoliticize administrative law? Three sets of imaginable solutions have promise: (1) self-correction without formal doctrinal change, produced by a form of “debiasing” that might follow from a clearer judicial understanding of the current situation; (2) doctrinal innovations, as, for example, through rethinking existing deference principles and giving agencies more room to maneuver; and (3) institutional change, through novel voting rules and requirements of mixed panels. An investigation of these solutions has implications for other domains in which judges are divided along political lines, and indeed in which nonjudicial officials show some kind of politicized division or bias.
The increased photostability of polymers in ambient oxygen via plasmonic enhanced fluorescence

Organic semiconductors are commonly used for the development optoelectronic devices. However, these materials degrade rapidly in the presence of light and oxygen. we expand upon our previously methods of using thin metal films to enhance the stability of a polymer via metal enhanced fluorescence. When overlap of the plasmon peak and peak fluorescence of the polymer is achieved the radiative decay rate increases. The plasmon can be tuned via changing the deposition time and current settings of the sputter coater used for coating. By obtaining fluorescence images of the polymer deposited on the metal film compare to on glass in ambient air, a high degree of stabilization is found via plasmonic interactions. Lifetimes were also obtained of the polymer on glass, an electron transporting layer, and a gold film to compare the changes in lifetime from plasmonic interactions versus charge transfer. The usefulness of plasmonic for organic solar cell materials was probed in this way.
ÁFRICA, BRASIL E ARTE – PERSISTENTES DESAFIOS

RESUMO Analisando obras de Abdias do Nascimento, Clarival do Prado Valladares, Marianno Carneiro da Cunha e Emanoel Araujo, entre outros autores, o artigo discute limites e impasses da concepcao inclusiva de “arte negra”, delineada a partir da decada de 1950, e de “arte afro-brasileira”, consolidada a partir dos anos 1980, bem como problemas postos a historiografia pela persistencia desse modelo generalizante e pelo carater excludente do circuito de arte no Brasil, que as trajetorias e obras de Mestre Didi (Deoscoredes Maximiliano dos Santos) e de Helio Oiticica continuam desafiando.
A Multi-Level Automotive Speed Control

This paper presents an automotive speed controller designed for use in a car following scenario on an automated highway system. The throttle actuator, coupled with the cruise control unit, i s used for throttle angle positioning and a multi-level control algorithm is developed for overall speed control. The paper also describes models of the throttle actuator, vehicle engine, torque converter, transmission, and longitudinal dynamics.
Some Problems Associated with Non-Thermal Radio Sources

In these lectures I shall summarize work in three different areas. They are: 1. The optical identifications of non-thermal radio sources, 2. Optical ejecta from radio sources, and 3. The physics of the extragalactic compact non-thermal sources.
Ultra-thin SiN gate dielectric fabricated by N 2 plasma direct nitridation

In this study, we used direct nitridation technique using N/sub 2/ plasma to from ultra-thin SiN gate dielectric and successfully fabricated poly-Si gate CMOS device with mass production compatible fabrication flow including source and drain silicidation and 1050/spl deg/C spike anneal. We also studied these SiN gate dielectrics from reliability including dielectric breakdown.
Regulation of Bacillus subtilis macrofiber twist development by D-cycloserine.

Twist states of Bacillus subtilis macrofibers were found to vary as a function of the concentration of D-alanine in the medium during growth. L-Alanine in the same concentration range had no effect. Increasing concentrations of D-alanine resulted in structures progressively more right-handed (or less left-handed). All strains examined in this study, including mutants fixed in the left-hand domain as a function of temperature, responded to D-alanine in the same way. All twist states from tight left- to tight right-handedness could be achieved solely by varying the D-alanine concentration. The D-alanine-requiring macrofiber strain 2C8, which carries a genetic defect (dal-1) in the alanine racemase, behaved in a similar fashion. The combined effects of D-alanine and ammonium sulfate (a factor known to influence macrofiber twist development in the leftward direction) were examined by using both strains able to undergo temperature-induced helix hand inversion and others incapable of doing so. In all cases, the effects of D-alanine predominated. A synergism was found in which increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate in the presence of D-alanine enhanced the right-factor activity of the latter. A D-alanine pulse protocol provided evidence that structures undergo a transient inversion indicative of "memory." Chloramphenicol treatment inhibited the establishment of memory in the D-alanine-induced right to left inversion, supporting the existence of a "left twist protein(s)" that is required for the attainment of left-handed twist states. Chemical analysis of cell walls obtained from right- and left-handed macrofibers produced in the presence and absence of D-alanine, respectively, failed to reveal twist state-specific differences in the overall composition of either peptidoglycan or wall teichoic acids.
Lower Jurassic Arthropod Resting Trace from the Hartford Basin of Massachusetts, USA

Cheliceratichnus lockleyi ichnogen. nov. et ichnosp. nov. is a new ichnotaxon of arthropod resting trace (cubichnium) from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) East Berlin Formation in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. The trace fossil is preserved as showing many of the external anatomical features of the exoskeleton, which resemble those of some chelicerates, notably sun spiders (Solifugae). The resting trace is directly associated with a trackway of the ichnospecies Acanthichnus cursorius Hitchcock. This is the first described fossil resting trace of a solifugan-like arthropod, and the first direct evidence of a trackmaker of A. cursorius.
Avatar of transgression: Hamsun's Munken Vendt

Knut Hamsun's play Munken Vendt may be considered a compendium of transgression of many kinds. We see in the play sexual transgression, violence, blasphemy, transgression of social rules (theft, opposition to class divisions), as well as the crossing of boundaries. The protagonist can be seen as an anticipation of the French writer Georges Bataille -- the former Catholic turned libertine fascinated with evil. Aesthetic transgression is evident as well: Hamsun transgressed against rules of style and genre in writing his monstrous eight-act verse play. The play is a confused cry of revolt.
Inactivation of Burkholderia pseudomallei on environmental surfaces using spray-applied, common liquid disinfectants.

UNLABELLED Five commercially available liquid antimicrobials were evaluated for their ability to decontaminate common environmental surface materials, contaminated with Burkholderia pseudomallei, using a spray-based disinfectant delivery procedure. Tests were conducted at both an ambient temperature (c. 20°C) and a lower temperature (c. 12°C) condition. Nonporous materials (glass and aluminium) were more easily decontaminated than porous materials (wood, concrete and carpet). Citric acid (1%) demonstrated poor efficacy in all test conditions. Bleach (pH-adjusted), ethanol (70%), quaternary ammonium and PineSol®, demonstrated high (>6 log10 reduction) efficacies on glass and aluminium at both temperatures, but achieved varying results for wood, carpet and concrete. Temperature had minimal effect on decontamination efficacy during these tests. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Much of the antimicrobial efficacy data for pathogenic micro-organisms are generated with testing that utilizes hard nonporous surface materials. These data are not directly translatable for decontaminant selection following an incident whereby complex and porous environmental surfaces are contaminated. This study presents efficacy data for spray-applied antimicrobial liquids, when used to decontaminate common environmental surfaces contaminated with Burkholderia pseudomallei. These data can help responders develop effective remediation strategies following an environmental contamination incident involving B. pseudomallei.
Ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release technique: a retrospective study of 46 feet.

Background: Ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release offers the surgeon clear visualization of anatomy at the surgical site. This technique uses small arthroscopic dissecting instruments through a 0.5-cm incision, allowing the surgeon to avoid the larger and more tissue-disruptive incision that is traditionally used for plantar heel spur resection and plantar fascia releases. Methods: Forty-one patients (46 feet) were selected for the study. The mean patient age was 47 years. Twenty-nine were considered obese with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2. Patients were functionally and subjectively evaluated 4 weeks after surgery using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Rating Scale. Results: Results from the study show a significant improvement (P = .05 confidence level) 4 weeks postoperatively for the 41 patients (46 feet), compared to their preoperative condition. The mean pretest score was 33.6 (range 10–52); this score improved to 88.0 (range 50–100), 4 weeks postoperatively. There were no postoperative infections or complications. Conclusions: The ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release technique is a practical surgical procedure for the relief of chronic plantar fascia pain because the surgeon is able to clearly visualize the plantar fascia by ultrasound. In addition, there is minimal disruption to surrounding tissue because small instruments are passed through a small 0.5-cm incision. The traditional open method of heel spur surgery, in contrast, uses a larger skin incision of 3 to 5 cm, followed by larger instruments to dissect to the plantar fascia. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 183-190, 2009)
Preparation and properties of members of the CoS system close to Co9S8

Abstract Samples with the nominal composition Co9+δS8 were prepared where −0.21≤δ≤0.35. There was no observable variation in the lattice parameter as determined from X-ray analyses of these compounds. Magnetic measurements confirmed the narrow homogeneity range of Co9S8. The measured susceptibility of Co9S8 and cobalt-deficient samples showed Pauli paramagnetism; cobalt-rich samples were dominated by the ferromagnetism of free cobalt.
Coding of somatic sensory input by vibrissae neurons in the rat's trigeminal ganglion

Summary As part of a program to elucidate sensorimotor mechanisms involved in rat ‘sniffing’ behavior, the response characteristics of 616 single units in the trigeminal ganglion were studied in 52 anesthetized albino rat. The mystical vibrissae and surrounding facial regions were stimulated by delicate mechanical stimuli delivered either manually or by an electronically-controlled stimulator. Units which were activated by stimulation of vibrissae were always activated by deflection of one and only one vibrissa. Five categories of such ‘vibrissae units’ were identified. The units in each category were distinguished from those in other categories by directional sensitivity, velocity threshold, adaptation rate, and responsiveness to stimulus return. Sectioning of the trigeminal nerve root did not affect such receptive field and response characteristics of the units. Unit response patterns were also studied when vibrissae movements, characteristic of the awake exploring rat, were simulated by electrical stimulation of the facial motor nerve. These experiments show that when a rat encounters objects which deflect its mobile or stationary vibrissae, a relatively large population of first-order somatic sensory neurons is capable of coding the following aspects of mechanical stimuli: peripheral location, deflection direction, onset, termination, amplituded, velocity, duration, repetition rate, and temporal pattern.
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: A brief diagnostic review

Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is an uncommon tumor characterized by dual differentiation into luminal cells and myoepithelial cells. A spectrum of histologic patterns is observed among these tumors and even in different areas of individual tumors. These lesions can be diagnostically challenging, especially when a core needle biopsy is performed, because of the heterogeneity of adenomyoepitheliomas. Recognition of the biphasic cellular elements and the characteristic overall architecture of the tumors in combination with immunohistochemistry are essential to establish the correct diagnosis. Although most tumors have a benign clinical course, local recurrences, malignant transformations, and distant metastases have been reported. All the reported malignant adenomyoepitheliomas with metastases have shown significant cytologic atypia and brisk mitotic rates. Therefore, adequate sampling of the tumor to identify these features is necessary. A complete excision with adequate margins would lower the chance of local recurrence or potential for metastasis.
Magnetic resonance imaging of labeled T-cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis†

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease with early lesions characterized by mononuclear cellular infiltrate, edema, demyelination, and axonal loss that contribute to the clinical course of the disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the mouse is a valuable model with a similar disease course to relapsing-remitting MS. The ability to detect the migration of encephalitogenic T cells into the central nervous system in EAE and MS would provide key information on these cells role in the development of lesions observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T cells were labeled for detection by magnetic resonance imaging using Food and Drug Administration-approved, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxides) complexed to poly-L-Lysine (FE-PLL). EAE was induced by adoptive transfer of either labeled or unlabeled T cells. After disease onset, FE-PLL-labeled T cells were detected in the mouse spinal cord using in vivo and ex vivo cellular MRI. Excellent correlation was seen between MRI-visible lesions in the spinal cord and histopathology. The results demonstrate that T cells labeled with FE-PLL can induce EAE disease and can be detected in vivo in the mouse model. The magnetic labeling of cells opens the possibility of monitoring specific cellular phenotypes or pharmacologically or genetically engineered cells by MRI.
Hypoglycemia in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis During Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing

Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (1). Consensus guidelines state that all patients above the age of 10 years should be screened annually for CFRD with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2). There are four categories of glucose tolerance based on OGTT fasting and 75-g 2-h glucose levels: normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with 2 h level 7.8–11.1 mmol/L, CFRD without fasting hyperglycemia (CFRD FH−) with 2-h level > 11.1 mmol/L, and CFRD with fasting hyperglycemia (CFRD FH+) (2). At our institution in 2011, there were 167 pre–lung transplant adult CF patients, of whom 46 had preexisting CFRD. Of the remaining, 28 agreed to the test; 3 were found to have CFRD FH−, 1 was …
Apparent Thermal Conductivity of a Heterogeneous Ceramic Body Under Isothermal Conditions

USING statistical arguments, Brown1 derived expressions for the apparent permittivity of a binary mixture of solid phases in terms of the volume fractions and the permittivitits of each phase. The purpose of the present note is to direct the attention of experimentalists working on heat-transfer phenomena in ceramics to the fact that simple extensions of Brown's results will yield equations for the apparent thermal conductivity of a heterogeneow ceramic body at constant temperature, whether the heterogeneity arises from the existence of isometric pores in an otherwise homogeneous solid or as a result of two solid phases being present. It is demonstrated below that the averaging formula for the apparent thermal conductivity of a porous ceramic body derived by Loeb,2 and employed by Francl and Kingery, 2 is a consequence of terminating series expansions for the thermal conductivity after the fist term. Brown's generalized result is given by where, for the dielectric case, KO is the ratio of the polarization to the Lorentz field intensity and K is the ratio of averaged values of these quantities, A is the shape factor for the particles of the minor phase in a binary mixture, and VA is the volume fraction of that phase.
C*-Algebras Generated by Stable Relations

Abstract Presentations of certain C*-algebras, such as (C0(0, 1) ⊗ Mn)∼, by generators and relations are proven to be stable. By the weakest definition of stability, a set p1, ..., pn of star-polynomials is stable if operators a1, ..., an which almost satisfy these relations, meaning ||pi(a1, ..., an)|| ≤ϵ, can be perturbed within C*(a1,..., an) to satisfy these relations exactly. Homotopy and perturbation results for these C*-algebras are corollaries. In particular, we prove some new results about the "dimension-drop" C*-algebras A n = {ƒ∈C([0, 1], M n ) | ƒ(0), ƒ(1) ∈ C I}. We show that An is semiprojective, answering a question of Effros and Kaminker. Also, we show that whenever φ : An → B is a ∗-homomorphism approximately contained in a sub-C*-algebra B0 ⊆ B, there is a nearby ∗-homomorphism of An into B0. This answers a question raised by Elliott. We prove technical results regarding Mn(C0(0, 1]) which should be useful elsewhere. First, we show this is projective, meaning a star-homomorphism Mn(C0(0, 1]) → B/J always lifts to a star-homomorphism Mn(C0(0. 1]) → B. Secondly, we show that for A finitely generated, M n (A) ≅ M n (C 0 (0, 1])∗ C 0 (0, 1] A if the amalgamation is done properly.
Preventing HIV Among U.S. Women of Color With Severe Mental Illness: Perceptions of Mental Health Care Providers Working in Urban Community Clinics

Given their knowledge of the behavioral issues related to psychiatric illness, mental health care providers are in a unique position to help prevent HIV among women with severe mental illness (SMI). We conducted in-depth interviews with providers at two New York City community clinics. We identified three major, interrelated themes pertaining to HIV prevention among women of color with SMI. Interventions that address the barriers that clinicians face in discussing sex, sexuality, and HIV with patients and train providers in the cultural considerations of cross-cultural mental health care are needed to help prevent HIV among women of color with SMI.