cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy Following the Coadministration of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid and Second Window Indocyanine Green in Rodent and Human Glioblastomas

Fluorescence-guided-surgery offers intraoperative visualization of neoplastic tissue. Delta-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which targets enzymatic abnormality in neoplastic cells, is the only approved agent for fluorescence-guided neurosurgery. More recently, we described Second Window Indocyanine Green (SWIG) which targets neoplastic tissue through enhanced vascular permeability. We hypothesized that SWIG would demonstrate similar clinical utility in identification of high-grade gliomas compared with 5-ALA. Female C57/BL6 and nude/athymic mice underwent intracranial implantation of 300,000 GL261 and U87 cells, respectively. Tumor-bearing mice were euthanized after administration of 5-ALA (200 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and SWIG (5 mg/kg intravenous). Brain sections were imaged for protoporphyrin-IX and ICG fluorescence. Fluorescence and HE there was 90 % concordance between SWIG and 5-ALA fluorescence. Our results provide the first direct comparison of the diagnostic utility of SWIG vs 5-ALA in both rodent and human HGG. Given the broader clinical utility of SWIG compared with 5-ALA, our data supports the use of SWIG in tumor surgery to improve the extent of safe resections. NCT02710240 (US National Library of Medicine Registry; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02710240?id=NCT02710240&draw=2&rank=1 ).
Energy Simulation and Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Designing Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings in Pakistan

In Pakistan, the commercial buildings consume up to 7.5% of total electricity produced. Being an energy deficient country, it is very important for Pakistan to promote the use of energy efficiency measures. This research is conducted to find out the best practices, which can be implemented in Pakistan to reduce the energy consumption of commercial buildings. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is also carried out to determine the payback period. Three commercial buildings ranging from 4 floors to 14 floors height in Lahore, Pakistan were chosen for this research. A Baseline model was developed using the Sefaira® energy analysis software. Energy efficiency measures (or products) were then selected which are available in the local market and individually applied to the Baseline model for comparison. Results of the energy simulation showed that the commercial buildings can save from 5 to 12% of electricity by using adequate wall and roof insulation, double glazed windows, LED lighting, and occupancy sensors. For LCCA, cost information of energy efficiency measures was collected locally and Present Value method was employed to determine the payback period. The LCCA results showed that the initial cost of the energy efficiency measures can be recovered in 4.5–9 years. The paper provides recommendations for local designers, constructors, and policy makers to promote the use of energy efficient buildings in Pakistan.
Simultaneously forecasting global geomagnetic activity using Recurrent Networks.

Many systems used by society are extremely vulnerable to space weather events such as solar flares and geomagnetic storms which could potentially cause catastrophic damage. In recent years, many works have emerged to provide early warning to such systems by forecasting these events through some proxy, but these approaches have largely focused on a specific phenomenon. We present a sequence-to-sequence learning approach to the problem of forecasting global space weather conditions at an hourly resolution. This approach improves upon other work in this field by simultaneously forecasting several key proxies for geomagnetic activity up to 6 hours in advance. We demonstrate an improvement over the best currently known predictor of geomagnetic storms, and an improvement over a persistence baseline several hours in advance.
Factors influencing emergency medicine residency choice: Diversity, community, and recruitment red flags.

Background Emergency medicine (EM) applicants consider many factors when selecting residency programs. Prior studies have demonstrated that applicants consider geography as well as modifiable/nonmodifiable program factors. Less attention, however, has been paid to underrepresented groups. Additionally, the prevalence and characteristics of "red flags," or factors that may lead an applicant to lower a program's rank or not rank it at all, remain unknown in EM. Our objective was to describe the factors that influence current EM-bound medical students' residency selection focusing on underrepresented applicants and red flags encountered during the recruitment process. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods survey study of EM-bound graduates from U.S. medical schools in the 2020 application cycle. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), nonparametric tests for ordinal data, and logistic regression. For the qualitative portion of the study, two independent reviewers performed a thematic analysis of the red flag free-text responses. Discrepancies were addressed via consensus with third-party oversight. Results Our survey response rate was 49%, and most applicants considered both geographic and program factors. Underrepresented applicants prioritized program diversity, program commitment to the underserved, neighborhood/community, and patient population. Of all respondents, 71% reported red flags. Women had a significantly higher odds of encountering red flags (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.18). Red flags included seven key themes: violations of regulatory standards, program characteristics, interview day experience, program culture, interpersonal interactions, lack of fit, and quality of life; subthemes included lack of diversity and racism. Conclusions Modifiable/nonmodifiable program factors and geography continue to influence EM-bound applicants' residency choices. Underrepresented applicants place a higher value on diversity, community, and patients served. Residency programs should consider modifiable factors and self-assess for red flags to successfully recruit the next generation of EM physicians.
Spliceosomal component PRP-40 is a central regulator of microexon splicing

Summary Microexons (≤27 nt) play critical roles in nervous system development and function but create unique challenges for the splicing machinery. The mechanisms of microexon regulation are therefore of great interest. We performed a genetic screen for alternative splicing regulators in the C. elegans nervous system and identify PRP-40, a core component of the U1 snRNP. RNA-seq reveals that PRP-40 is required for inclusion of alternatively spliced, but not constitutively spliced, exons. PRP-40 is particularly required for inclusion of neuronal microexons, and our data indicate that PRP-40 is a central regulator of microexon splicing. Microexons can be relieved from PRP-40 dependence by artificially increasing exon size or reducing flanking intron size, indicating that PRP-40 is specifically required for microexons surrounded by conventionally sized introns. Knockdown of the orthologous PRPF40A in mouse neuroblastoma cells causes widespread dysregulation of microexons but not conventionally sized exons. PRP-40 regulation of neuronal microexons is therefore a widely conserved phenomenon.
A multicenter analysis of the prognostic value of histone H3 K27M mutation in adult high-grade spinal glioma.

OBJECTIVE High-grade spinal glioma (HGSG) is a rare but aggressive tumor that occurs in both adults and children. Histone H3 K27M mutation correlates with poor prognosis in children with diffuse midline glioma. However, the role of H3 K27M mutation in the prognosis of adults with HGSG remains unclear owing to the rarity of this mutation, conflicting reports, and the absence of multicenter studies on this topic. METHODS The authors studied a cohort of 30 adult patients with diffuse HGSG who underwent histological confirmation of diagnosis, surgical intervention, and treatment between January 2000 and July 2020 at six tertiary academic centers. The primary outcome was the effect of H3 K27M mutation status on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Thirty patients (18 males and 12 females) with a median (range) age of 50.5 (19-76) years were included in the analysis. Eighteen patients had H3 K27M mutation-positive tumors, and 12 had H3 K27M mutation-negative tumors. The median (interquartile range) PFS was 3 (10) months, and the median (interquartile range) OS was 9 (23) months. The factors associated with increased survival were treatment with concurrent chemotherapy/radiation (p = 0.006 for PFS, and p ≤ 0.001 for OS) and American Spinal Injury Association grade C or better at presentation (p = 0.043 for PFS, and p < 0.001 for OS). There were no significant differences in outcomes based on tumor location, extent of resection, sex, or H3 K27M mutation status. Analysis restricted to HGSG containing necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation (WHO grade IV histological features) revealed increased OS for patients with H3 K27M mutation-positive tumors (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Although H3 K27M mutant-positive HGSG was associated with poor outcomes in adult patients, the outcomes of patients with H3 K27M mutant-positive HGSG were somewhat more favorable compared with those of their H3 K27M mutant-negative HGSG counterparts. Further preclinical animal studies and larger clinical studies are needed to further understand the age-dependent effects of H3 K27M mutation.
Witnesses to the Struggle: Imaging the 1930s California Labor Movement

In Witnesses to the Struggle, Anne Loftis focuses on the work and activities of John Steinbeck, Carey McWilliams, Paul Taylor, and Dorothea Lange, who brought the story of California's labor struggles to the rest of the country. The realism and documentary expression of their art grew out of their personal involvement in the problems of society, and Loftis explores the lasting influence of their work as well as its remarkably immediate impact. One of Steinbeck's unintended legacies was his treatment of California farm workers as victims - the simple pawns of larger forces. In her study, Loftis reveals that the workers were not victims, but rather the strong and resourceful creators of their own histories.
Chapter 30 – Development, Function, and Specificity of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes

The intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are a distinctive population of predominantly T lymphocytes dispersed as single cells among the luminal epithelial cells. IEL are located at the front lines between the interior of the body and the antigen-rich external world. The lymphocyte populations in the epithelium are dominated by long-lived, antigen-experienced CD8 + cells that share some features with CD8 + memory T cells. They have an oligoclonal TCR repertoire, and they exhibit rapid effector functions. Conventional T cells activated in the periphery can migrate to the intestine and give rise to IEL that can protect the host from oral or systemic microbial infections. Although there are similarities between IEL and memory T cells of the systemic immune system, unique adaptations to the intestinal environment take place. IEL also may contain lymphocyte populations that are to some extent self-reactive and that function to regulate the epithelial cell homeostasis or local immune responses. The memory-like phenotype and behavior of some of these cells may be acquired centrally during development.
Intravital Microscopy of the Rat Uterus After Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial Exposure

Intravital microscopy has been used extensively to understand microvascular physiology while maintaining in situ neurogenic, humoral, and myogenic control. Endothelial cell and microvascular dysfunction after engineered nanomaterial exposure have been established using in vitro techniques. With the potential of engineered nanomaterials, contact can no longer be confined to occupational exposures of healthy males. Female diestrous SD rats were exposed to nano-TiO2 aerosols (176±6 nm, 10±0.5 mg/m3, 5 h; calculated pulmonary deposition of 41.6±2 µg). 24h post-exposure rats were anesthetized (Inactin, 100mg/kg, i.p.). The right horn of the uterus was exteriorized, gently secured over an optical pedestal at its in situ length, and enclosed in a warmed PSS tissue bath. Prior to functional measurements, leukocyte adhesion and rolling were assessed using a 20x water immersion objective to characterize significant elevation (157%) of leukocyte trafficking after TiO2 exposure. Microvascular reactivity was measured ...
Exchange of heme among hemoglobins and between hemoglobin and albumin.

Intact heme groups undergo exchange between molecules of human hemoglobin under physiological conditions. This phenomenon requires the presence of ferrihemoglobin and is blocked by heme ligands or the prior binding of hemoglobin to haptoglobin. The kinetics of heme exchange between hemoglobins A and F allows a calculation of the rate constants for the dissociation of heme and globin. The rate of exchange of hemes between the non-α chains of ferrihemoglobins A and F is approximately 8 times that between the α chains. Mixtures of ferrihemoglobins and oxyhemoglobins exchange hemes at a rate greater than predicted from the rates of exchange observed in mixtures containing only oxyhemoglobin or ferrihemoglobin. Ferriheme groups also undergo exchange between hemoglobin not bound to haptoglobin and methemalbumin, although at equilibrium the affinity of human albumin for ferriheme is only about one-fifteenth that of globin. Only primate albumins possess appreciable affinity for ferriheme; albumins from the nonprimate species examined appeared to be incapable of forming methemalbumin. Depletion of hemes from ferrihemoglobin by excess human albumin leads to the accumulation of free, precipitable globin.
Immunoperoxidase versus specific red cell adherence in detection of ABO(H) antigens on normal urothelium: Double-blind study

In this study we compared the sensitivity of SRCA for detecting A, B, O(H) blood group antigens on the urothelial surface of normal renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder to that of immunoperoxidase staining via the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method. In all, forty-three mucosal specimens from 23 patients were compared. There was little difference between SRCA and immunoperoxidase for the detection of A and of B antigens. H(O) antigen was detected in 94 per cent of the blood group O patients using immunoperoxidase while only 46 per cent were detected using the SRCA method. We therefore concluded that immunoperoxidase was superior to SRCA in detecting the H(O) antigen not only in normal ureter but also in normal renal pelvis and normal bladder.
Sensitive and critical periods for visual calibration of sound localization by barn owls

This study describes developmental changes in the capacity of owls to adjust sound localization in response to chronic prismatic displacement of the visual field and to recover accurate sound localization following the restoration of normal vision. Matched, binocular displacing prisms were mounted over the eyes of 19 barn owls (Tyto alba) beginning at ages ranging from 10 to 272 d. In nearly all cases, the visual field was shifted 23 degrees to the right. Sound localization was assessed on the basis of head orientations to sound sources, measured in a darkened sound chamber with a search coil system. Chronic exposure to a displaced visual field caused the owls to alter sound localization in the direction of the visual field displacement, thereby inducing a sound-localization error. The size of the sound-localization error that resulted depended on the age of the animal when prism experience began. Maximal errors of about 20 degrees were induced only when prism experience began by 21 d of age. As prism experience began at later ages, the magnitude of induced errors decreased. A bird that wore prisms beginning at 102 d of age, altered sound localization by only 6 degrees. An adult owl, when exposed chronically to a displaced visual field, altered sound localization by about 3 degrees. We refer to the early period in life when displaced vision induces exceptionally large sound-localization errors (relative to those induced in the adult) as a sensitive period. The capacity to recover accurate sound localization following restoration of normal vision was tested in 7 owls that had been raised wearing prisms. Four owls that had prisms removed by 182 d of age recovered accurate localization rapidly (over a period of weeks), whereas 3 owls that were older when the prisms were removed did not recover accurate localization when tested for up to 7 months after prism removal. Adjustment of sound localization slowed greatly or ceased at about 200 days of age, referred to here as the critical period for visual calibration of sound localization. Three owls were subjected repetitively to displacement of the visual field. An owl that adjusted sound localization to the left of normal during the sensitive period retained the capacity to adjust again to the left, but not to the right of normal, later in the critical period. The converse was true for an owl that adjusted sound localization to the right of normal during the sensitive period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
CIS and eastern Europe

While all the global food manufacturers are in evidence across the CIS and eastern Europe, all have different reasons for entering the market. Classifies the food manufacturers into: volume seekers; followers; and raw material seekers. Also classifies their market entry strategies as exporters, joint‐venturers and manufacturers. Goes on to analyse the countries of the CIS and eastern Europe in terms of their attractiveness to food manufacturers. Classifies them into four groups on the basis of their scores on key market criteria. Identifies positive and negative factors for each group.
National field evaluation of a defined substrate method for the simultaneous enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli from drinking water: comparison with the standard multiple tube fermentation method.

A defined substrate method was developed to simultaneously enumerate total coliforms and Escherichia coli from drinking waters without the need for confirmatory or completed tests. It is a new method based on technology that uses a hydrolyzable substrate as a specific indicator-nutrient for the target microbes. No equipment other than a 35 degrees C incubator and long-wavelength (366-nm) light is necessary. To perform the test, one only has to add water to the powdered ingredients in a tube or flask. If total coliforms are present in the water sample, the solution will change from its normal colorless state (no target microbes present) to yellow. The specific presence of E. coli will cause the same tube to fluoresce under a longwave (366-nm) UV lamp. The test, called Autoanalysis Colilert (AC), was compared with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 10-tube multiple tube fermentation (MTF) in a national evaluation. Five utilities, representing six U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regions, participated. All water samples came from distribution systems. Split samples from a wide variety of water sources were analyzed for the MPN-versus-MPN comparison. A total of 1,086 tubes were positive by MTF, and 1,279 were positive by AC. There was no statistical difference between MTF and AC. Species identifications from positive tubes confirmed the sensitivity of the AC. A national evaluation of the AC test showed that it: (i) was as sensitive as Standard Methods MTF, (ii) specifically enumerated 1 total coliform per 100 ml, in a maximum of 24 h, (iii) simultaneously enumerated 1 E. coli per 100 ml in the same analysis, (iv) was not subject to false-positive or false-negative results by heterotrophic bacteria, (v) did not require confirmatory tests, (vi) grew injured coliforms, (vii) was easy to inoculate, and (viii) was very easy to interpret.
Faculty Use and Integration of Technology in Higher Education.

although technology has become pervasive on most college campuses today, it has not been heavily infused in the activi-ties of teaching and learning (grabe & grabe, 2008). addi-tionally, growing investments in educational technology (Cu-ban, 2001; oppenheimer, 2003) requires a close examination of the way faculty and students use and integrate technology in the classroom. This paper is based on a recent study that examined students’ technology use, skills, and expectations, as well as students’ evaluation of faculty use of technology to support classroom instruction. ideally, this article is intended to help faculty identify effective strategies that could improve and strengthen academic programs to meet the learning needs of all students, especially the net generation students. The study also provides an insight into how higher education fac-ulty might model technology integration in their courses to enhance student learning.
Some research issues in spatial hearing

Research in spatial hearing has concentrated on directional localization by observers whose heads are stationary. Developments in virtual acoustics and ecological acoustics are stimulating researchers to consider other important aspects of spatial hearing relating to the third spatial dimension (distance). This paper discusses three such issues: auditory perception of egocentric distance, auditory perception of exocentric distance, and the dependence of perceived motion on perceived distance.
Transferable force-constant modeling of vibrational thermodynamic properties in fcc-based Al-TM (TM=Ti, Zr, Hf) alloys

The vibrational thermodynamic properties of ordered and disordered fcc-based alloys in three aluminum transition-metal (TM) systems, $\mathrm{Al}\text{\ensuremath{-}}TM$ ($TM=\mathrm{Ti}$, Zr, and Hf), are computed by first principles methods employing supercell calculations and the transferable-force-constant (TFC) approach. In order to obtain accurate values for the high-temperature limit of the vibrational mixing entropies in these systems, it is necessary to parametrize the dependence of the force constants on both the equilibrium bond length and the TM concentration in the TFC method. Provided this concentration dependence is accounted for, the TFC approach is shown to lead to predictions for the vibrational mixing entropy accurate to within approximately 20%. The utility of the TFC method is demonstrated by its application to the calculation of vibrational entropies of mixing for approximately 30 structures in each of the three $\mathrm{Al}\text{\ensuremath{-}}TM$ systems, facilitating the construction of well converged vibrational-entropy cluster expansions. The calculations yield large and negative values for the vibrational mixing entropies of both ordered and disordered alloys, with an overall magnitude of up to $1.0{k}_{B}$/atom, and ordering entropies (i.e., the difference between the vibrational entropy of ordered and disordered phases at the same composition) in the range of $0.2--0.3{k}_{B}$/atom for concentrated alloys. Calculated results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data available for the Al-Ti system.
Rat β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase genomic organization: alternate promoters direct the synthesis of liver and kidney transcripts

The rat beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialytransferase gene is differentially utilized by liver and kidney in the generation of mRNAs that predict substantially divergent polypeptides. In order to determine the biosynthetic relationship between these sialyltransferase mRNA isoforms, genomic sequences were isolated and analysed. Five exons that span at least 40 kb of DNA carry the coding information for the liver beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase protein. An additional exon contains only sequences for the 5'-untranslated leader of the liver mRNA. In contrast, the predominant kidney mRNAs from this gene share only three coding exons that specify the carboxyl terminal 42% of the liver sialyltransferase protein sequence. In addition, these kidney mRNAs contain information from two other exons that comprise the 5' divergent region of these transcripts. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analysis demonstrate that the hepatic and kidney specific mRNAs are transcriptionally initiated at different sites within the sialyltransferase gene. While the hepatic sialyltransferase mRNAs are transcribed from the first exon, the kidney transcripts are initiated from a site within the third intron. Genomic regions upstream of both transcriptional initiation sites can regulate expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in transiently transfected L cells. Together, the data implicate multiple promoters as a principle mechanism in the generation of kidney and liver gene product diversity in sialyltransferase expression.
Psychiatric education in the 1980s: The role of consultation psychiatry

La formation de psychiatre dans les annees 1980 a essentiellement lieu a l'hopital general. Dans le cadre des consultations les psychiatres en formation peuvent acquerir un enseignement pratique et theorique
Strain-specific expression of spliced MMTV RNAs containing the superantigen gene

The transmission of milk-borne or exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) requires infection of B cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and expression of the superantigen (Sag) protein at the B-cell surface. Presentation of Sag at the B-cell surface is required for the transmission of MMTV to T cells and subsequent infection of the target mammary gland tissue. Because several different promoters have been reported for MMTV sag mRNA expression, we investigated whether the detection of spliced sag RNAs was dependent upon the cell type infected or the particular MMTV strain examined. In this study, we detected expression of spliced sag RNA from the standard promoter and from an internal U3 promoter in B-cell lines expressing endogenous Mtv-6 by RT-PCR, although expression from the standard promoter appeared to be at least 10-fold higher than that observed from the internal U3 promoter. Sag RNA originating from exogenous C3H MMTV was not observed from either of the U3 promoters in any cell type examined. However, spliced mRNAs containing the exogenous C3H MMTV, endogenous Mtv-8, or endogenous Mtv-17 sag genes could be detected from a previously described promoter in the envelope coding region regardless of the cell type infected. Because sag-specific RNAs can be initiated independently of the LTR promoters, there may be selection for independent control of MMTV sag and structural gene expression.
Amyloid β peptide adversely affects spine number and motility in hippocampal neurons

Elevated levels of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) are found in Down's syndrome patients and alter synaptic function during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Dendritic spines, sites of most excitatory synaptic contacts, are considered to be an important locus for encoding synaptic plasticity. We used time-lapse two-photon imaging of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in organotypic slices to study the effects of Abeta on the development of dendritic spines. We report that exposure of hippocampal neurons to sub-lethal levels of Abeta decreased spine density, increased spine length and subdued spine motility. The effect of Abeta on spine density was reversible. Moreover, Abeta's effect on dendritic spine density was blocked by rolipram, a phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of a cAMP dependent pathway. These findings raise the possibility that Abeta-induced spine alterations could underlie the cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome.
Longitudinal Myocardial Blood Flow Gradient and CAD Detection

Conventional myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with SPECT/CT or with PET/CT has been established as pivotal clinical imaging modality for the identification of hemodynamically obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and risk stratification of patients with suspected or known CAD. While the assessment of the relative distribution of radiotracer uptake in the left-ventricular (LV) myocardium during vasomotor stress identifies the "culprit" or most severe CAD lesion in multivessel disease, flow-limiting effects of remaining but less severe epicardial lesions may be missed. This limitation principally may be overcome by the possibility of PET/CT with radiotracer-kinetic modeling to concurrently assess left-ventricular (LV) myocardial blood flow (MBF) in ml/g/min at rest and during vasomotor stress and the resulting myocardial flow reserve (MFR). While a stress-induced regional reduction in radiotracer uptake or perfusion identifies the most advanced epicardial lesion, flow-limiting effects of the other epicardial lesions may principally be identified by regional reductions in MFR. Conversely, reductions in MFR in CAD may be appreciated as suboptimal as they reflect not only the consequences of flow-limiting effects of epicardial stenosis but also of microvascular dysfunction. The relatively low specificity of a reduced therefore MFR may hamper a clear identification of the downstream hemodynamic effects of an epicardial lesion on hyperemic coronary flow increases. In this scenario, there is increasing evidence that the PET assessment of an abnormal decrease in MBF from the base to the apex of the LV during hyperemic flows, a so-called longitudinal flow gradient, is primarily related to fluid dynamic consequences of CAD-induced diffuse luminal and/or focal narrowing of the epicardial artery. The combined evaluation of the MFR and corresponding longitudinal MBF gradient could emerge as new a novel analytic concept to further optimize the identification and characterization of hemodynamic CAD burden in multivessel disease, which, however, warrants further clinical validation.
The road to two theorems of logic

Work on how to axiomatize the subtheories of a first-order theory in which only a proper subset of their extra-logical vocabulary is being used led to a theorem on recursive axiomatizability and to an interpolation theorem for first-order logic. There were some fortuitous events and several logicians played a helpful role.
Gamma-interferon induces differential expression of HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ in human ciliary epithelial cells

The antigen-specific activation of T-helper lymphocytes is dependent on the presentation of antigen in context with the gene products of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II). Aberrant expression of MHC II on the ciliary epithelium has been observed in uveitic eyes which may enable these cells to specifically interact with lymphocytes and may play a role in ocular autoimmunity. Human MHC II consists of three subclasses termed HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ, which seem to be differentially regulated and may have different functions. The present study was initiated to investigate the dynamics of the differential MHC II expression on cultured human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (NPE cells) in response to gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) by means of immunohistochemistry. NPE cells grown in control tissue-culture medium did not express MHC class II. HLA-DR and -DP could be induced by incubation with 100 mu/ml gamma-IFN for 3 days. HLA-DQ was expressed only weakly and at higher doses of gamma-IFN (greater than or equal to 500 mu/ml) and longer incubation periods (greater than or equal to 5 days). After removal of the gamma-IFN stimulus, all three MHC II subclasses persisted for several days. The differential expression of HLA-DR and -DP as compared with HLA-DQ in response to gamma-IFN in the ciliary epithelium is similar to observations in other non-lymphoid ocular cells but appears to be different from the regulation of MHC II expression on lymphoid cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endotoxin-like activity inPseudomonas paucimobilis (group IIK biotype 1) andFlavobacterium multivorum (group IIK biotype 2)

7 strains ofPseudomonas paucimobilis and 7 strains ofFlavobacterium multivorum (formerly groups IIK biotype 1 and biotype 2, respectively) showed endotoxin-like activity in vitro by the limulus amoebocyte lysate test.
Production of citric acid from corncobs by Aspergillus niger

Abstract Corncobs could serve as a substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger . Methanol had a significant effect on fungal production of citric acid from corncobs. Of the four cultures examined, A. niger NRRL 2001 was found to produce the highest amount of citric acid (250 g/kg dry matter of corncobs) after 72 h of growth at 30°C in the presence of 3% methanol. The yield of citric acid was over 50% based on the amount of sugar consumed.
A Novel Intronic Mutation Results in the Use of a Cryptic Splice Acceptor Site within the Coding Region of UGT1A1, Causing Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1 (CN-1) is characterized by severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to an inherited deficiency of hepatic bilirubin uridinediphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1), inherited as an autosomal recessive characteristic. CN-1 is potentially lethal because of the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus). Genetic lesions of the coding region of the UGT1A1 gene are known to cause CN-1. Here, we report a CN-1 patient who has a novel G > A mutation at the splice acceptor site in intron 4 (IVS4-1 G > A) on one allele, and a T > A substitution followed by a 13-nt deletion in exon 2 (877T > A 878-890del) of the other allele. As the UGT1A1 gene is expressed specifically in the liver, structural analysis of the expressed UGT1A1 mRNA requires liver biopsy. To use a noninvasive approach to determine the effect of the splice site mutation on splicing of the RNA transcript, we amplified the relevant region of the genomic DNA by long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicon was cloned in an expression plasmid and transfected into COS-7 cells. The expressed mRNA was amplified by reverse-transcription-primed PCR. Nucleotide sequence determination of the amplicon showed that the splice acceptor site mutation caused splicing of the 3'-end of exon 4 to a cryptic splice site within exon 5. This resulted in deletion of the first 7 nucleotides of exon 5, causing a frameshift and premature truncation of UGT1A1, with consequent inactivation of the enzyme.
Ion beam assisted deposition of substoichiometric silicon nitride

Thin films of substoichiometric silicon nitride of uniform composition have been produced by ion beam assisted deposition (IAD) of electron beam evaporated silicon on amorphized Si substrates. IAD films are found to have improved adhesion, increased density, and markedly lower oxygen contamination than non-IAD films produced simultaneously. The Reststrahlen features of the IR spectrum (due to local vibrational modes) are largely unaffected by crystallization at 900°C, indicating stable Si-N bond formation during IAD. The nitrogen content of the films was measured by RBS and in several cases by AES. Infrared reflection spectra were taken and analyzed to derive the index of refraction. The index decreases monotonically with increasing nitrogen fraction in agreement with the Lorentz-Lorentz relations for both the as deposited (amorphous) and annealed (crystalline) samples. The relationship between the incorporated nitrogen fraction and the ratio of the arriving nitrogen atom flux to the silicon atom flux is reported and modelled in a simple manner.
Colorimetric Cu2+ Detection Using DNA-Modified Gold-Nanoparticle Aggregates as Probes and Click Chemistry

Copper is a transition metal essential for life. At elevated concentrations, however, it is highly toxic to organisms such as algae, fungi and many bacteria, and in humans, may adversely affect the gastrointestinal, hepatic and renal systems.[1, 2] As such, the detection and measurement of copper ions in water has become increasingly important, especially in point-of-use formats. Several methods exist for the detection of Cu2+ ions, including those based on organic dyes,[3–6] semiconductor nanocrystals,[7] and spectroscopy.[8–10] The read out mechanisms for these methods, however, often require sophisticated instrumentation. In contrast, colorimetric methods are extremely attractive for point-of-use applications, since they can be easily interpreted with the naked eye or low-cost portable instruments.
Infections After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Opportunistic infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Systemic immunosuppression renders the liver recipient susceptible to de novo infection with bacteria, viruses and fungi post-transplantation as well to reactivation of pre-existing, latent disease. Pathogens are also transmissible via the donor organ. The time from transplantation and degree of immunosuppression may guide the differential diagnosis of potential infectious agents. However, typical systemic signs and symptoms of infection are often absent or blunted after transplant and a high index of suspicion is needed. Invasive procedures are often required to procure tissue for culture and guide antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections and is routinely employed in the care of patients after liver transplant. In this review, we survey common bacterial, fungal, and viral infections after orthotopic liver transplantation and highlight recent developments in their diagnosis and management.
Renal failure and vestibular toxicity in an adolescent with cystic fibrosis receiving gentamicin and standard-dose ibuprofen.

Gentamicin and standard-dose ibuprofen were administered to an adolescent with cystic fibrosis who developed renal failure and severe vestibulotoxicity. A contributing factor was possible suboptimal intravascular volume status. Because of the potential severity of this drug interaction, hydration status and renal and vestibular functions should be closely monitored in patients receiving ibuprofen and intravenous aminoglycosides concomitantly.
The associations among coping, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, and non-HIV-related variables with health-related quality of life among an ambulatory HIV-positive patient population

We investigated HRQoL among HIV-positive outpatients from October, 2006-December, 2007, incorporating medical chart review, and a survey of coping styles. Consented HIV-positive patients receiving medical care at University of Colorado Denver, with HAART as first antiretroviral regimen, completed the MOS-HIV and Brief COPE survey instruments. Linear regression identified a priori factors hypothesized to be associated with the MOS-HIV composite mental and physical health scores (MHS, PHS). Brief COPE survey maladaptive and adaptive coping components were added to the models and retained if significant. Among the 157 patient cohort, parsimonious multivariable linear regression models (P < 0.05) indicated higher nadir CD4+ T-cell counts and adaptive coping were associated with a higher MHS; public/no insurance, mental illness, current number of non-HIV medications, and maladaptive coping were inversely associated with MHS. Nadir CD4+ T-cell count and efavirenz use were associated with a higher PHS; mental illness, current number of non-HIV mediations, and maladaptive coping were inversely associated with PHS. Factors independently associated with lower MHS and lower PHS include lower nadir CD4+ T-cell counts, and use of maladaptive coping. Efforts to reduce use of maladaptive coping strategies and earlier identification and treatment of HIV may improve HRQoL in HIV-positive patients.
The effect of potential on stress corrosion cracking of type 316 and type 310 austenitic stainless steels

Abstract The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of type 316 and type 310 austenitic stainless steels has been investigated as a function of applied potential and solution temperature in 0.82 kmol m −3 HCl solution under a constant stress condition. The results of type 316 show that the cracking behavior is different at a potential below and above −90 mV(SHE) in the vicinity of the corrosion potential, −60 mV(SHE). Type 310 exhibits no failure at potentials in the cathodic region. The double logarithmic relation between steady state elongation rate and time to failure becomes a linear function irrespective of potential, solution temperature and the materials, although the slope depends upon the potential region (cathodic and anodic) and solution temperature. This implies that the steady state elongation rate becomes a useful parameter for the prediction time to failure as compared to the potential. On the basis of the results obtained, it is suggested that the cracking of type 316 is caused by hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in the cathodic potential region, while in the anodic potential region that of type 316 and type 310 takes place by SCC subjected to anodic dissolution.
Mycogen: Building a Seed Company for the Twenty-first Century

This decision case presents the strategic choice set and reasoning of Mycogen, an agricultural biotechnology leader, for how to grow and effectively compete in the fast-changing seed market. Use the case as a basis for discussing strategies and structural changes in the seed industry, the integration of the biotechnology industry and, even more broadly, the formation of firm agribusiness networks.
Faculty Rewards: Can We Implement the Scholarship of Teaching? A Summary of an Electronic Conference

In order to capture the discussions and grassroots efforts that followed the publication of "Scholarship Reconsidered," in October 1995, the ACS Division of Chemical Education and the Educational Research and Methods Division of the American Society of Engineering Education cosponsored an electronic conference, "Can We Implement the Scholarship of Teaching?" Four position papers by respected chemistry and engineering educators were solicited and posted prior to the conference in order to stimulate and focus discussion.
The effect of Althesin on plasma corticosterone levels

Althesin in doses which produced anethesia (4 and 6 ml kg−1, i.p.) produced biphasic changes in plasma corticosterone levels. Plasma corticosterone showed an increase (p < 0.05) due to the stress of injection but returned to basal levels by 30 min. Subsequent to the anesthetic effect (approximately 30 min) corticosterone levels increased markedly (p < 0.01). Althesin's effectiveness showed time of day effects, i.e., Althesian was more effective in the A.M. Rats given 6 ml kg−1 Althesian showed graded plasma corticosterone responses to stresses of varying intensity. Blood withdrawal and surgical stress evoked significant increases in plasma corticosterone but a 2-min holding stress had no effect on plasma corticosterone levels. Instrumented rats receiving supplemental injections (i.p.) presented patterns of plasma corticosterone which were different from those receiving supplemetal infusions (i.a). Whereas plasma corticosterone levels of rats receiving the continuous infusion of Althesin remained relatively constant, corticosterone levels of those which received supplemental injections tended to increase. Collectively, these data suggest that Althesins usefulness as an experimental anesthetic is limited to those studies which are not compromised by stress-induced pituitary-adrenal activity.
Effects of nonlinearity on Anderson localization.

While the study of waves in disordered media, including effects such as Anderson localization, and the study of nonlinear systems, including effects such as soliton propagation, have each received considerable attention, the combined field, nonlinear wave propagation in disordered media, is relatively new. A fundamental question is: Does nonlinearity weaken Anderson localization? In this paper we report the results of an experiment, which can provide conditions filling a gap in the current theory, showing that states remain Anderson localized in the presence of nonlinearity.
Two states of expression of genes cl, rex, and N in lambda.

Abstract The regulation of λ repressor synthesis was studied in a defective lysogenic strain that can survive induction. The defective lysogen carries a prophage deleted for the y region, for genes O , P , Q , R , and for all of the late genes. In addition it carries a mutation, located to the left of gene N , which prevents the derepressed prophage from killing the host cell. The prophage also bears a mutation in the repressor protein ( cI 857 ). This strain, in contrast to nonlethal defective lysogens described previously, has an active N gene. This strain can exist in two states of synthesis of N , rex , and cI gene products. Lysogens in the I (for immune) phenotypic state produce sufficient repressor to render them immune to superinfection by λ, they restrict T4 rII , and they do not produce the product of gene N . In the S (for sensitive) phenotypic state, lysogenic bacteria are sensitive to λ, do not restrict T4 rII , and do produce N product. The I- and S-states are stable over many generations of cell growth at 30°, but can be interconverted. If a culture in the I-state is grown at 42° for one cell generation or less, it assumes the S-state at 42°, but returns to the I-state when the temperature is lowered to 30°. If, on the other hand, an I-culture is grown for two or more generations at 42°, it is transformed to the S-state and persists in the S-state when the temperature is lowered to 30°. One possible explanation for these results is that active repressor stimulates its own synthesis.
Neural precursor cell apoptosis and glial tumorigenesis following transplacental ethyl-nitrosourea exposure.

Neural precursor cell apoptosis and glial tumorigenesis following transplacental ethyl-nitrosourea exposure
Blockade of tolerance to morphine analgesia by cocaine.

Abstract Tolerance to morphine analgesia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by s.c. implantation of a morphine base pellet (75 mg) on the first and second day and determining the magnitude of tolerance 72 h after the first implant by s.c. injection of a test dose of morphine (5 mg/kg). Implantation of a cocaine hydrochloride pellet (25 mg), concurrently with morphine pellets or of a cocaine hydrochloride (50 mg) pellet after the development of tolerance, blocked both the development and expression of morphine analgesic tolerance. In morphine-pelleted animals pretreatment for 3 days with desipramine or zimelidine or phenoxybenzamine but not haloperidol produced no significant morphine tolerance. Pretreatment with a combination of desipramine and zimelidine, however, was as effective as cocaine in blocking morphine tolerance. α-Methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester counteracted the effect of cocaine in blocking morphine tolerance and potentiated the tolerance development. Blockade of morphine tolerance by cocaine was reinforced and facilitated by pretreatment with fenfluramine or p-chlorophenylalanine ethyl ester and to a lesser extent by clonidine and haloperidol. Acute administration of fenfluramine or zimelidine or a combination of desipramine and zimelidine or α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester or p-chlorophenylalanine ethyl ester did not significantly affect morphine analgesia. The study suggests an important role of the concomitant depletion of both central noradrenaline and serotonin in the blockade of morphine tolerance by cocaine and stresses the importance of the counter-balancing functional relationship between these two neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
An enzymic “sweep” technique for the chromatographic resolution of 14C-labeled brain metabolites

Abstract A technique has been described for the resolution of multiple overlapping chromatography peaks, eluted from Dowex-formate columns. The method is based upon systematic removal of interfering components by prior addition of appropriate enzymes. Details are presented for applying the method to specific activity measurements of four key glycolytic intermediates in brain.
Molecular weight differences among potato peroxidases

Abstract The isoenzyme of potato peroxidase A5 has MW 105 000; C3—94 000; C4 and C5—56 500 C6—48 500. The isoenzymes retain activity on SDS-gels thereby allowing direct measurement of monomeric MW, even in crude extracts. One of the isoperoxidases showed anomalous behaviour on SDS-electrophoresis.