cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INNATE ABILITIES, ONE OR MANY?A NEW METHOD AND SOME RESULTS.

A generalization of the F test is proposed to see how many independent components are statistically significant when the co-variances between DZ twin differences on several psychological tests are compared with similar co-variances for MZ twins. When applied to the 6 scores of Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities test battery, at least 4 separate components were found to be significant independently. Then 4 components are tentatively identified as similar to, although not identical with, the Number, Verbal, Space and Word fluency scores. While the procedure bears some resemblance to factor analysis, it may lead to quite different results since it is based on the comparison of two co-variance matrices of twin differences. In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that these results are based on small samples of MZ and DZ twins, so that a repetition of the study seems indicated. This replication is now in progress.
Boundaries in Visual Perception and the Arts

In this chapter we study several examples and theories from the visual arts in order to analyze the importance of the boundary and frame for these types of artistic creations and perceptions. The main goal of this study is to investigate whether the ‘feeling and perception’ of a visual boundary is more of an artistic emotional effect, or a psychological effect, or whether it simply has a neurological and physiological explanation through the mechanism of visual perception.
Neurocognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and unaffected relatives: A review of the literature

Background Neurocognitive deficits are present in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their unaffected (nonbipolar) relatives, but it is not clear which domains are most often impaired and the extent of the impairment resulting from shared genetic factors. In this literature review, we address these issues and identify specific neurocognitive tasks most sensitive to cognitive deficits in patients and unaffected relatives.
Note on the Decay of the π -Meson

Assuming the symmetric coupling scheme proposed by Wheeler and Tiomno, and others, we have calculated the ratio of the decay rate $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{meson}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{electron}+\mathrm{neutrino}$ to the decay rate of $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{meson}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{meson}+\mathrm{neutrino}$. The electron-neutrino decay proceeds faster, in disagreement with experiment, unless the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-meson is pseudoscalar and the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay coupling is pseudovector. Hence if the symmetric coupling scheme is corect and no other direct couplings are introduced, the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-meson must be pseudoscalar and $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay must be at least partially pseudovector. If symmetric coupling is not assumed, no conclusion of this kind can be drawn.
Determination of Manganese by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry on a Microfabricated Platinum Thin–film Electrode

In this work, we report on the determination of trace manganese (Mn) using cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) using a microfabricated sensor with a Pt thin-film working electrode. While an essential trace metal for human health, prolonged exposure to Mn tends to gradually impair our neurological system. The potential sources of Mn exposure make it necessary to monitor the concentration in various sample matrices. Previous work by us and others suggested CSV as an effective method for measuring trace Mn. The analytical performance metrics were characterized and optimized, leading to a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 16.3 nM (0.9 ppb) in pH 5.5, 0.2 M acetate buffer. Further, we successfully validated Mn determination in surface water with ~90% accuracy and >97% precision as compared with ICP-MS "gold standard" measurement. Ultimately, with stable, accurate and precise electrochemical performance, this Pt sensor permits rapid monitoring of Mn in environmental samples, and could potentially be used for point-of-use measurements if coupled with portable instrumentation.
Fossil Ursus Reported as Early Man in Louisiana

In early 1951, certain Louisiana newspapers carried a story reporting the discovery of "Neanderthal man-an 11 foot tall ancestor of modern man- that lived in North America about 50,000 years ago." (States Times, Baron Rouge, Vol. 109, No. 8, Jan. 9, 1951, page 1; and Morning Advocate, Baron Rouge, Vol. 26, No. 189, Jan. 9, 1951, page 10).
Interregional Competition as Viewed by Operating Firms and Institutions

HE SUBJECT of interregional competition is always good for repeated discussion by professional agricultural economists. Four years ago at the annual meeting of the American Farm Economic Association, the general topics, "Interregional Competition in Agriculture," "Studies of Interregional Competition," and "Data for Interregional Studies," occupied an important place on the program. Treatment in the various papers ranged from methodology to actual subject matter content, with emphasis on the former. Just as those papers did not provide all of the answers, neither are today's papers likely to complete the discussion of this subject. But it is hoped that they will make contributions.
Polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias — from genes to potential treatments

The dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a large and diverse group of neurodegenerative diseases. The most prevalent SCAs (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6 and SCA7) are caused by expansion of a glutamine-encoding CAG repeat in the affected gene. These SCAs represent a substantial portion of the polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorders and provide insight into this class of diseases as a whole. Recent years have seen considerable progress in deciphering the clinical, pathological, physiological and molecular aspects of the polyglutamine SCAs, with these advances establishing a solid base from which to pursue potential therapeutic approaches.
Phase field approach for stress- and temperature-induced phase transformations that satisfies lattice instability conditions. Part I. General theory

Abstract Recently, results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were obtained for the crystal lattice instability conditions for the phase transformations (PTs) between semiconducting Si I and metallic Si II under action of all six components of the stress tensor (Levitas et al. (2017a, b)). These conditions are linear in terms of stresses normal to the cubic faces of Si I and are independent of the shear stresses. In the current paper, we (a) formulated the requirements for the thermodynamic potential and transformation deformation gradient tensors and (b) developed a phase field approach (PFA) for the stress-induced martensitic PTs for large strains while allowing for interfacial stresses, which are consistent with the obtained instability conditions. The general system of equations for coupled PFA and nonlinear elasticity is presented. Crystal lattice instability criteria are derived within a PFA, and it is proven that they are independent of the prescribed stress measure. In order to reproduce the lattice instability conditions obtained with MD: (a) one has to use the fifth degree polynomial interpolation functions of the order parameter for all material parameters; (b) each component of the transformation strain tensor should have a different interpolation functions; and (c) the interpolation functions for tensors of the elastic moduli of all ranks should have zero second derivatives for the parent and product phases, so that terms with elastic moduli, which are nonlinear in stresses, do not contribute to the lattice instability conditions. Specific interpolation and double-well functions have been derived for all parts of the Helmholtz free energy and for two models for the transformation deformation gradient. For these models, explicit expressions for the Ginzburg-Landau equations and lattice instability conditions are derived. Material parameters have been calibrated using results of MD simulations. In Part II of this paper, the developed model is further refined and studied, and applied for the finite element simulations of the nanostructure evolution in Si under triaxial loading.
Why Do Fish Populations Vary

Fish populations vary because of density-dependent and -independent processes that determine recruitment, growth, and natural mortality, and in response to fishing. Most of the natural (non-fishing) variability is associated with recruitment, presumably the density-independent effect of fluctuating environmental factors.
Cleavage and activation of corneal matrix metalloproteases by Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases.

PURPOSE To examine the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the expression of corneal matrix metalloproteases and the effect of its proteases on activation of corneal matrix metalloproteases in vitro. METHODS Rat corneas and human corneal fibroblasts were co-cultivated with two different strains (RPS & 599A) of P. aeruginosa and one strain of Staphylococcus aureus, and the conditioned media were analyzed for proteolytic activity by gelatin and casein zymography. Human corneal fibroblast-conditioned medium was incubated with that from either strain of P. aeruginosa and was analyzed in a similar manner. RESULTS Normal rat corneas in organ culture produce a 65 kDa gelatinase (inactive matrix metalloprotease-2), whereas thermally injured rat corneas additionally produce gelatinases with molecular masses of 92 kDa (inactive matrix metalloproteases-9) and > 200 kDa. Matrix metalloprotease-2 is also detected in human corneal fibroblast-conditioned medium. Although these matrix metalloproteases are no longer detectable when rat corneas or human corneal fibroblasts are co-cultured with two strains of P. aeruginosa for 48 hr, a 58 kDa gelatinase fragment appears in earlier stages of co-culture. In contrast, S. aureus does not affect matrix metalloprotease-2. The 58 kDa fragment is also evident by incubating human corneal fibroblast-conditioned medium with that from either strain of P. aeruginosa. Conditioned medium from the RPS strain, which produces both elastase and alkaline protease, is more effective in cleaving matrix metalloprotease-2 than that from the 599A strain, which expresses mainly alkaline protease. CONCLUSION The secreted inactive corneal matrix metalloprotease-2 is activated through limited proteolysis by pseudomonal proteases.
Structure and Evolution of P-Glycoproteins

Early works on multidrug resistance (MDR) have made it clear that this phenotype is associated with decreased intracellular drug accumulation, indicating that altered drug transport is likely to be the mechanism of resistance (Dano, 1973; Ling and Thompson, 1974). Many biochemical studies have therefore been directed at elucidating the changes in membrane structure of MDR cells. The most important finding was made when Juliano and Ling (1976) used the techniques of surface and metabolic labeling of glycoproteins to demonstrate that several MDR cell lines expressed an increased amount of a 170-kDa integral membrane protein, termed P-glycoprotein. Preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against P-glycoprotein expressed in MDR Chinese hamster cell lines subsequently allowed Kartner et al. (1983, 1985) to show a correlation between the levels of P-glycoprotein expression and drug resistance in both human and rodent MDR cell lines, selected with different drugs. The presence of P-glycoprotein(s) proved to be the most consistent marker of MDR cells, but the function of this protein remained unknown until the performance of molecular genetic studies demonstrating that (1) MDR results from the expression of mdr genes (see Chapters 3 and 4) and (2) mdr and P-glycoprotein (pgp) cDNA clones, the latter isolated by Riordan et al. (1985), correspond to the same gene family (Ueda et al., 1986).
Dental Traumatic Injuries, Pain Management, and Emergency Treatments

A high proportion of children and adults will suffer from traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) caused by sudden impact forces to teeth generated by falls, fights, sports-related injuries and traffic accidents. Immediate treatment and an accurate differential diagnosis of the type of TDI is needed to ensure the tooth is given the most appropriate treatment. The starting point is always to assess if the tooth has been completely avulsed from its socket and replanted. If the tooth has not been avulsed, the displacement of the tooth and its mobility beyond normal limits should be tested. If several teeth move as one unit, it is characteristic of an alveolar fracture. If a single tooth moves and a fracture can been seen in a radiographic, it is characteristic of a root fracture. If no root fracture can be identified in a radiograph, it suggests that the tooth has had an extrusion. A tooth which appears to be in an abnormal position because of protrusion or retrusion, has suffered from lateral luxation. A tooth which is abnormally located by intrusion out of its socket into alveolar bone, has suffered from intrusion. If the tooth has not been displaced, but is loose, has suffered from subluxation. If the tooth has not been displaced, but is not loose, and has percussion tenderness, it has suffered concussion. If the tooth has not been displaced, it is not loose, and has no percussion tenderness, it has suffered concussion. If the tooth has not been displaced, it is not loose, and has no percussion tenderness, and it has suffered a fracture above the gingiva which exposed the pulp, the tooth has suffered a complicated crown fracture. If a tooth has a crown-root fracture that has not exposed pulp, it has suffered an uncomplicated crown fracture. If a tooth has a crown-root fracture that has exposed pulp, it has suffered a complicated crown fracture. If the extent of the fracture is so minimal that no tooth structure has been lost, the tooth has suffered an infraction. If the tooth has no discernible symptoms of trauma, then it can be assumed that the tooth has no injury.
Wavelets on ℝ

Despite the previous few chapters, the term “wavelets” usually refers to wavelets on ℝ, examples of which we construct in this chapter. The first two sections present the basics of Fourier analysis on ℝ.
Symbolically Maintained Inequality: How Harvard and Stanford Students Construct Boundaries among Elite Universities:

The study of elites is enjoying a revival at a time of increasing economic inequality. Sociologists of education have been leaders in this area, researching how affluent families position their chi...
Building Partnerships and Bridging Science and Policy to Address the Biological Invasions Crisis

Biological invasions are one of the grand challenges facing society, as exotic species introductions continue to rise and can result in dramatic changes to native ecosystems and economies. The scale of the “biological invasions crisis” spans from hyperlocal to international, involving a myriad of actors focused on mitigating and preventing biological invasions. However, the level of engagement among stakeholders and opportunities to collaboratively solve invasives issues in transdisciplinary ways is poorly understood. The Biological Invasions: Confronting a Crisis workshop engaged a broad group of actors working on various aspects of biological invasions in Virginia, USA—researchers, Extension personnel, educators, local, state, and federal agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and land managers—to discuss their respective roles and how they interact with other groups. Through a series of activities, it became clear that despite shared goals, most groups are not engaging with one another, and that enhanced communication and collaboration among groups is key to designing effective solutions. There is strong support for a multistakeholder coalition to affect change in policy, public education/engagement, and solution design. Confronting the biological invasions crisis will increasingly require engagement among stakeholders.
Unattended audioconferencing

This paper outlines the considerations in designing an audioconferencing algorithm and using it on a commercial speech platform to provide unattended conferencing services.
Science Signaling Podcast: 28 July 2009

This is a conversation with Science Signaling 9s Chief Scientific Editor Micheal Yaffe about articles in the 28 July 2009 Focus Issue on complexity.
Identifying Novel Predictors of State Legislative Action to Address Obesity.

Objective There is wide variation in the number and types of obesity policies enacted across states, and prior studies suggest that partisan factors may not fully explain this variation. In this exploratory analysis, we examined the association of a broad array of state-level factors with the number and types of obesity policies across states. Design We analyzed 32 predictor variables across 7 categories of state-level characteristics. We abstracted data from 1652 state obesity policies introduced during 2009-2014. We used multilevel regression models and principal component analysis to examine the association between state-level characteristics and policy outcomes. Main outcome measures Our outcome measures included whether bills involved topics that were public health-oriented or business interest-oriented, whether bills were enacted into law, and the number of introduced bills and enacted laws per state. Results Numerous state-level characteristics were associated with obesity-related bill introduction and law enactment, and different state characteristics were associated with public health-oriented versus business interest-oriented policies. For example, state-level demographics, economic factors, policy environment, public programs, and the prevalence of obesity's downstream consequences were associated with the number of public health laws whereas obesity prevalence and policy environment were associated with the number of business interest laws. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a variety of factors contribute to a complex state obesity policymaking environment, highlighting the need for future research to disentangle these key predictors.
Prevalence of shoulder labral abnormalities on MRI in a non-athletic asymptomatic young adult population.

To determine the prevalence of shoulder (specifically labral) abnormalities on MRI in a young non-athletic asymptomatic cohort. We hypothesize that this population will have fewer labral abnormalities than an athletic population. In this cross-sectional study, non-athletic young adults age 18–29 with no history of shoulder pain received bilateral shoulder MRIs. A total of 58 total shoulder MRIs were completed on a 3-T MRI scanner (PRISMA-Fit Siemens Medical). MRIs were read by two board-certified fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists at two time points 3 months apart to determine prevalence of labral and other shoulder anatomy abnormalities. Kappa statistics and the associated 95% confidence intervals were computed for inter/intra-reader reliability. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare rates of abnormalities in our study with a similarly designed study involving ice hockey athletes. Prevalence of labral abnormalities was 9% (5/58). Kappa coefficient was 1.0 for both readers for intra-reader reliability and 0.57 for inter-reader reliability of labral abnormalities. We further compared our results in asymptomatic athletes with previously published work using the same protocol at our institution. The prevalence of labral abnormalities on MRI in asymptomatic professional and collegiate ice hockey players (49 imaged shoulders) was 24%, which demonstrated a statistically significant (p value < 0.05) difference compared with our data with a p value of 0.03. Non-athletic young adults with no history of shoulder pain/injury had an overall prevalence of shoulder MRI abnormalities less than asymptomatic professional and collegiate ice hockey players in a similarly designed study.
Evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical outcomes after breast conserving surgery.

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) increases breast-conserving surgery (BCS) rates with comparable locoregional control and survival outcomes to adjuvant therapy. More women are receiving NAC and achieving pathologic complete responses (pCR). This study sought to evaluate the effect of NAC on surgical outcomes after the adoption of a "no-ink-on-tumor" margin policy in patients undergoing primary BCS (PBSC). Methods An IRB approved database was queried for women undergoing BCS for invasive breast cancer after March 2014. We compared patients who underwent NAC followed by BCS versus PBCS. Demographic, tumor, treatment, and outcome variables were compared using both univariate and multivariable analysis. Results A total of 162 patients were evaluated. NAC patients had significantly lower re-excision rates (0% NAC vs. 9% PBCS, p = .03), margin positivity (0% NAC vs. 5% PBCS, p = .01), and greater patient satisfaction with breast cosmesis (97 NAC vs. 77 PBCS, p = .01). On multivariable analysis, NAC was not an independent predictor of lower final resection volume, total complications, or greater satisfaction with breasts when controlling for age and T category at diagnosis. Conclusion NAC followed by BCS may offer less margin positivity, lower re-excision rates, and greater patient satisfaction when compared to a contemporary PBCS cohort in the "no-ink-on-tumor" era.
Relational victimization and depressive symptoms: The interactive role of physiological reactivity and narrative processing.

Abstract Although previous studies have documented that relational victimization serves as a risk factor for depressive symptoms across developmental periods, heterogeneity in effects highlights the possibility that some individuals may be especially vulnerable. This study examined two factors that may influence the link between relational victimization and depressive symptoms: physiological reactivity and narrative processing during the recounting of a past victimization experience. In a sample of 200 college students, we examined narrative processing (i.e., use of disengagement coping strategies, positive resolution, and primary control coping strategies) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity, assessed during a standard laboratory interview, as moderators of the link between self-reported relational victimization and depressive symptoms. Although relational victimization was associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms, a combination of RSA activation and high disengagement coping appeared protective for individuals high in relational victimization. Similarly, a combination of RSA activation and high levels of positive resolution appeared protective against depressive symptoms among individuals high in relational victimization. The findings shed critical light on the interaction of physiological and cognitive processes in coping with relational victimization.
Cavernous Sinus Meningioma: Tumor Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Anterior Tibial Artery Graft High-Flow Bypass for Brain Ischemia: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

A 62-yr-old man with left cavernous sinus tumor presented with atypical trigeminal neuralgia refractory to medical treatment. He received Gamma Knife (Elekta) radiation for the tumor. However, the facial pain worsened after radiation. Neuropsychological testing done for memory problems had revealed mild neurocognitive disorder. Neurological examination showed trigeminal distribution numbness and partial abducens nerve paralysis. Imaging revealed an enhancing left cavernous sinus and supra-cavernous mass. Angiography revealed severe stenosis of the left cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA). Computed tomography (CT) perfusion study showed diminished blood flow on the left side, and ischemic changes were seen in fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical resection of the tumor was preferred over ablative treatment for trigeminal neuralgia because of its effectiveness in improving cranial nerve (CN) function.1 The patient underwent staged surgeries. In the first stage, the tumor was partially excised with decompression of the trigeminal ganglion and nerve root in the lateral cavernous sinus wall, Meckel's cave. Postoperatively, MR angiography revealed worsening of the left ICA caliber. Therefore, a high-flow bypass from the external carotid artery to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was performed with an anterior tibial artery graft. The patient recovered initially but developed enterococcus meningitis postoperatively, which was promptly identified and treated with antibiotics. At 1-yr follow-up, the graft was patent, and the patient had significant relief of his facial pain and cognitively improved. This 2-dimensional video demonstrates the technique of partial excision of cavernous sinus meningioma with CN decompression, and the technique of a high-flow bypass from the external carotid artery to M2 MCA segment using an anterior tibial artery graft. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. All relevant patient identifiers have been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
Vascular coil extrusion into the duodenum 6 years after hepatic artery aneurysm embolization

Abstract A 50-year-old man with a history of coil embolization of a symptomatic 5.3-cm hepatic artery aneurysm 6 years previously presented with a massive gastrointestinal bleed. He was found to have embolization coils extruding into the duodenum from a hepaticoduodenal arterioenteric fistula. The present case demonstrates that endovascular intervention for a large hepatic artery aneurysm can have long-term consequences. We have described a novel complication of embolization of a giant hepatic artery aneurysm that necessitated complex open repair.
INHIBITION OF DOPAMINE SYNTHESIS IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY

ABSTRACT Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) was administered for 8-12 weeks to 7 chronic schizophrenic patients who were maintained on thioridazine (400 mg/day) throughout the study. No significant clinical changes were observed.
Simplified Action Potential Models

The basic motivations for simplifying the AP mathematical models are: To make computer simulation of excitation wave propagation in 3D-tissue model with complex configuration feasible. To find a qualitative relationship between normal AP generation and propagation.
Natural language and mixed modality task presentations in the human-computer interaction using programmable logic controllers

This dissertation focuses on the human-computer interaction elements of task presentation and task structure in the programming of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). Task presentation methods that were explored included a natural language (GE Fanuc's State Logic), and a mixed modality language (GE Fanuc's Logicmaster Relay Ladder Logic). Task Structure elements utilized in this study were linear procedural tasks and conditional branching tasks. A two-level factorial analysis of covariance determined that task presentation was a significant contributor to programming development times. Task structure and the interaction between task presentation and task structure did not yield significant p-values at the .05 alpha level to allow the rejection of their associated null hypotheses. The covariates utilized in the study included gender, age, status, computer experience, and English. None of the covariates appeared to prove significant in influencing program development times. The population utilized in the quasi-experiment consisted of 26 general university students fi"om Iowa State University with no prior PLC programming experience. The subjects underwent two hours of videotape training on how to program a single state or rung of code prior to the one hour testing portion of the study. The instruction consisted of basic education of a PLC, input and output fiinctions and how they relate to associated hardware, and software navigation. Significant contributions of this research include the distinction of a natural language fi-om the alphanumeric categorization. Previous research documents the alphanumeric
Orientation refinement of virus structures with unknown symmetry

Structural biology, in particular the structure determination of viruses and other large macromolecular complexes lead to data- and compute-intensive problems that require resources well beyond those available on a single system. Thus, there is an imperative need to develop parallel algorithms and programs for clusters and computational grids. We present one of the most challenging computational problems posed by the three-dimensional structure determination of viruses, the orientation refinement.
Evidence for ATP binding and double-stranded DNA binding by Escherichia coli RecF protein.

Abstract RecF protein is one of the important proteins involved in DNA recombination and repair. RecF protein has been shown to bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the absence of ATP (T. J. Griffin IV and R. D. Kolodner, J. Bacteriol. 172:6291-6299, 1990; M. V. V. S. Madiraju and A. J. Clark, Nucleic Acids Res. 19:6295-6300, 1991). In the present study, using 8-azido-ATP, a photo-affinity analog of ATP, we show that RecF protein binds ATP and that the binding is specific in the presence of DNA. 8-Azido-ATP photo-cross-linking is stimulated in the presence of DNA (both ssDNA and double-stranded DNA [dsDNA]), suggesting that DNA enhances the affinity of RecF protein for ATP. These data suggest that RecF protein possesses independent ATP- and DNA-binding sites. Further, we find that stable RecF protein-dsDNA complexes are obtained in the presence of ATP or ATP-gamma-S [adenosine-5'-O-(3-thio-triphosphate)]. No other nucleoside triphosphates served as necessary cofactors for dsDNA binding, indicating that RecF is an ATP-dependent dsDNA-binding protein. Since a mutation in a putative phosphate-binding motif of RecF protein results in a recF mutant phenotype (S. J. Sandler, B. Chackerian, J. T. Li, and A. J. Clark, Nucleic Acids Res. 20:839-845, 1992), we suggest on the basis of our data that the interactions of RecF protein with ATP, with dsDNA, or with both are physiologically important for understanding RecF protein function in vivo.
Evolution of the Bastille Day High-Speed Stream

ABSTRACT A very large high-speed stream at 1 AU dominated the solar wind structure associated with the large solar flare of July 14, 2000 (Bastille day); in less than 6 hours, the flow speed increased from 600 km s−1 to 1100 km s−1, the magnetic field intensity increased from 10 nT to 60 nT. An interaction region bounded between a forward-reverse shock pair formed at the leading edge of the large stream near 1 AU. We present a magnetohydrodynamics simulation study for the radial evolution of the Bastille Day solar wind event. The interaction region interacted with the solar wind structures and other shocks to form a huge merged interaction region (MIR) outside 5 AU. Throughout the interior of the MIR the magnetic field was a few times stronger than that outside the MIR, and thermal pressure was more than one order of magnitude greater than that outside. This MIR can act as a barrier to the propagation of galactic cosmic rays. Possible Voyager 2 observation of this MIR at 63 AU in January 2001 has been reported by Burlaga et al. (2001) and by Wang et al. (2001).
Larry P.: An Educational Interpretation.

(1980). Larry P: An Educational Interpretation. School Psychology Review: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 136-148.
Multicompartment analysis of blood flow and tissue perfusion employing D2O as a freely diffusible tracer: a novel deuterium NMR technique demonstrated via application with murine RIF-1 tumors.

Deuterium NMR is employed in concert with multicompartment kinetic analysis for measurement of tissue blood flow and perfusion through a bolus administration of D2O as a freely diffusible tracer. The traditional single-compartment and two-compartment in-parallel flow models with no tracer recirculation are briefly discussed. The two-compartment in-series flow model with recirculation is developed to account for reflow of the stable (slowly excreted) deuterium tracer. With this model a monoexponential tracer washout curve is predicted. The rate ofblood flow and tissue perfusion is readily extracted by three-parameter monoexponential analysis of the residue decay curve. A three-compartment model with recirculation, incorporating one compartment in-series with two compartments in-parallel, is developed for analysis of biexponential tracer washout curves. With this model the flow rates through the two in-parallel compartments (i.e., fast and slow) and the volume fractions of these two compartments are obtained by five-parameter biexponential analysis of the residue decay curve. Application of these multicompartment tracer-recirculation flow models is demonstrated with in situ determinations of murine RIF-1 tumor blood flow and tissue perfusion. The blood flow rates determined by deuterium NMR and analyzed by the multicompartment flow models agree well with those determined by others using radiolabels. A companion article (S.-G. Kim and J. J. H. Ackerman, Cancer Res.48, 3449-3453, 1988) discusses in more depth the practical aspects of applying these multicompartment models to tumor blood flow measurement. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Effect of lead on parathyroid hormone-induced responses in rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (ROS 172.8) using 19F-NMR

Abstract Using 19 F-NMR and the intracellular divalent cation indicator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetic acid, we have recently demonstrated that Pb 2+ treatment elevates the intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) of rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17 2.8 ) (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1989) 86, 5133–5135). In this study, we have examined the effects of Pb 2+ on the basal and parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated levels of [Ca 2+ ] i and cAMP in cultured ROS 17 2.8 cells. PTH treatment (400 ng/ml) stimulated a 150% elevation in [Ca 2+ ] i from a control level of 105±25 nM to a concentration of 260±24 nM. Treatment of ROS 17 2.8 cells with Pb 2+ (5 μM) alone produced a 50% elevation in the [Ca 2+ ] i to 155±23 nM. Pb 2+ treatment diminished subsequent elevation in [Ca 2+ ] i in response to PTH administration thereby limiting the peak increase in [Ca 2+ ] i to only 25% or 193±22 nM. In contrast to the dampening effect of Pb 2+ on the peak rise in [Ca 2+ ] i produced by PTH, Pb 2+ (1 to 25 μM) had no effect on PTH-induced increments in intracellular cAMP levels. Hence, Pb 2+ dissociated the PTH stimulation of adenylate cyclase from PTH effects on [Ca 2+ ] i and shifted the regulation of [Ca 2+ ] i beyond the control of PTH modulation. These observations further extend the hypothesis that an early toxic effect of Pb 2+ at the cellular level is perturbation of [Ca 2+ ] i homeostasis.
Leveraging Technological Capabilities across Polarized Cultures: Shanghai Delco Electronics Limited

Rallying its units for an impending spin-off from General Motors, the Delphi Automotive Systems division cleared the Delphi Delco Electronics (Delphi-D) unit to begin planning for entry into China in 1994. Delphi saw China as ideal for leveraging its technological and innovation capabilities as well as the enormous General Motor heritage and reputation from years of experience delivering quality products to the automotive industry. Delphi-D found a perfect partner in Shanghai Changjiang YiBiao Factory (SCY) (name disguised to protect the firms) that held nearly 50% of the Chinese automobile instrument cluster market. SCY was keen on acquiring new technology to meet increasingly sophisticated customer demands in order to retain market lead as well as to tap into the international market. After rounds of negotiation the two firms formed a fifty-fifty joint venture, Shanghai Delco Electronics Ltd. (SDE) in August 1996. However, SDE started experiencing problems almost immediately. The Delphi-D team at SDE assumed their SCY counterparts would willingly integrate proposed technology and the requisite processes at the joint venture. However, the SCY team resisted prescriptions from the Delphi-D team that they sometimes perceived as "haughty". Broiled in culturally-loaded misunderstanding in a market that was becoming complex by the day as the government legislated new regulations and other manufacturers jostled for a piece of the market, SDE's management sought focus by developing a five-year plan that captured the partners' goals in 1998. However, as the end of 2002 approached, SDE's five-year plan remained largely unrealized. This case shows how implementation challenges can affect the realization of joint venture objectives and illustrates specific challenges that can mar even a well-formulated technology intensive international joint venture strategy.
Plastic Steering Wheels Technology in Waiting

The steering wheel is one of the essential components of the human-machine interface in the car. even though current standard steering wheels have frames made of die cast magnesium or aluminium, tests carried out by takata show that it is also possible to use plastics for steering wheels or their frames that meet their many and varied requirements.
Direct Electric Current Treatment under Physiologic Saline Conditions Kills Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms via Electrolytic Generation of Hypochlorous Acid

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which a direct electrical current reduced the viability of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in conjunction with ciprofloxacin at physiologic saline conditions meant to approximate those in an infected artificial joint. Biofilms grown in CDC biofilm reactors were exposed to current for 24 hours in 1/10th strength tryptic soy broth containing 9 g/L total NaCl. Dose-dependent log reductions up to 6.7 log10 CFU/cm2 were observed with the application of direct current at all four levels (0.7 to 1.8 mA/cm2) both in the presence and absence of ciprofloxacin. There were no significant differences in log reductions for wells with ciprofloxacin compared to those without at the same current levels. When current exposures were repeated without biofilm or organics in the medium, significant generation of free chlorine was measured. Free chlorine doses equivalent to the 24 hour endpoint concentration for each current level were shown to mimic killing achieved by current application. Current exposure (1.8 mA/cm2) in medium lacking chloride and amended with sulfate, nitrate, or phosphate as alternative electrolytes produced diminished kills of 3, 2, and 0 log reduction, respectively. Direct current also killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms when NaCl was present. Together these results indicate that electrolysis reactions generating hypochlorous acid from chloride are likely a main contributor to the efficacy of direct current application. A physiologically relevant NaCl concentration is thus a critical parameter in experimental design if direct current is to be investigated for in vivo medical applications.
Condensation α-cyclodextrin polymer membrane with covalently immobilized glucose oxidase and molecularly included mediator for amperometric glucose biosensor

A highly permeable film of the condensation α-cyclodextrin polymer (α-CDP) was used as a membrane for fabricating a “second-generation” glucose amperometric biosensor. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was covalently immobilized, whereas 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) mediator molecules were included in the membrane by the α-cyclodextrin sites. A simple one-step procedure for the biosensor preparation was developed. It consisted of casting the membrane onto the surface of a glassy carbon, gold, or platinum disk substrate from an aqueous solution, pH 2.0 (HCl), containing equimolar quantities of a water-soluble α-cyclodextrin prepolymer, a glutaric dialdehyde cross-linking reactant, GOD, and the mediator. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) limiting currents for glucose biocatalytic electrooxidation were measured for different enzyme loadings and mediator dosings inside the membrane as well as for different glucose conoentrations in a (0.1 M phosphate buffer + 0.1 M NaClO4) pH 7.0 solution. The limiting-electrocatalytic currents at the (α-CDP)-GOD-TTF electrode were pH independent and occurred at E1/2 = 0.03 V (vs. SCE), i.e., at a favorably low potential value. The detectability of glucose was 10 μM for the (α-CDP)-GOD-BQ electrode at the 2 mg (18.5 unit) GOD loading and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The values of apparent Michaelis constant for glucose and the maximum limiting electrocatalytic current density, determined from the Michaelis-Menten analysis for the 1 mg (18.5 unit) GOD loading, were (4.5 ± 0.5) mM and (190 ± 20) μA cm−2 for the (α-CDP)-GOD-BQ electrode, and (5.6 ± 0.8) mM and (137 ± 16) μA cm−2 for the (α-CDP) GOD-TTF electrode, respectively. The sensor performance was examined with respect to the method of membrane preparation, membrane composition, and long-term stability. Miniaturization of the biosensor is facile if, for instance, a 10 μm Pt disk microelectrode substrate is used.
Cerebral Involvement in Children with Acute and Relapsing Inflammatory Polyneuropathy

We present two children with seizures and other signs of cerebral involvement at the outset of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, consistent with a diagnosis of encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy. One child had a recurrence associated with mild central dysfunction and improved during therapy with corticosteroids. Both children recovered completely. Both acute and relapsing inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy may be accompanied by cerebral dysfunction, expanding the clinical spectrum of encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy. ( Child Neurol 1988;3:200-204).
DNA Interaction of Pt-Attached Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Small platinum (Pt) nanoparticles have recently shown potential as therapeutic agents in cancer and oxidative stress treatments because of the resultant DNA damage. In this paper, we studied the DNA interaction of Pt-attached iron oxide nanoparticles. Multiple small Pt nanoparticles were attached onto the hydrophilic polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in water. The Pt nanoparticles on the iron oxide nanoparticle surfaces were very small ( ~ 2 nm) and uniform in size. The DNA interaction of the Pt-iron oxide nanoparticles was studied using gel electrophoresis, which suggested two types of interactions by comparing with the control DNA. One interaction involved the direct linkage of DNA molecules onto the surface of the integrated nanoparticles. The other interaction suggested the detachment of small Pt nanoparticles from the iron oxide support due to strong DNA interaction. This conclusion was further supported by advanced transmission electron microscopy analysis.
The lateral neck radiograph in adenotonsillar hyperplasia

Summary In this study we have considered whether the lateral neck radiograph is useful in predicting the degree of airway obstruction, and whether supine and erect views are more useful than a single film. We evaluated the supine and erect lateral neck radiographs of 50 patients with upper airway obstruction due to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. Our results show that the supine radiograph, which is technically easier to perform, is entirely satisfactory for appraising the size of the tonsils and adenoids, but that neither view tells us much about the degree of airway obstruction during sleep.
Cerebral cortex assembly: generating and reprogramming projection neuron diversity

The mammalian cerebral cortex is responsible for the highest levels of associative, cognitive and motor functions. In the central nervous system (CNS) the cortex stands as a prime example of extreme neuronal diversity, broadly classified into excitatory projection neurons (PNs) and inhibitory interneurons (INs). We review here recent progress made in understanding the strategies and mechanisms that shape PN diversity during embryogenesis, and discuss how PN classes may be maintained, postnatally, for the life of the organism. In addition, we consider the intriguing possibility that PNs may be amenable to directed reprogramming of their class-specific features to allow enhanced cortical plasticity in the adult.
A mathematical programming model for optimal scheduling of buses' departures under deterministic conditions

Abstract The article formulates a mathematical model of a general public transportation network and suggests an optimization procedure to schedule the buses' departure times. It is assumed, as a reasonable approximation, that the network operates under known deterministic conditions; namely, the lines' routes, the stations' locations, the numbers of passengers and the traffic intensity are supposed to be given. In this general framework, however, no further restrictions are imposed. The proposed performance index of the system is the average waiting time of passengers, and it has to be minimized by a proper choice of the decision variables—i.e. the buses' departure times—without violating the constraints of prescribed numbers of buses and drivers. For the sake of lucidity the model is first developed under the assumption that the loading as well as the unloading times of passengers are zero. Afterwards the consequences of the relaxationof this supposition are investigated.
Quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for nonlocal corrections to the dynamical mean-field approximation

We present the algorithmic details of the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA), with a quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method used to solve the effective cluster problem. The DCA is a fully causal approach which systematically restores nonlocal correlations to the dynamical mean field approximation (DMFA) while preserving the lattice symmetries. The DCA becomes exact for an infinite cluster size, while reducing to the DMFA for a cluster size of unity. We present a generalization of the Hirsch-Fye QMC algorithm for the solution of the embedded cluster problem. We use the two-dimensional Hubbard model to illustrate the performance of the DCA technique. At half filling, we show that the DCA drives the spurious finite-temperature antiferromagnetic transition found in the DMFA slowly towards zero temperature as the cluster size increases, in conformity with the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Moreover, we find that there is a finite-temperature metal to insulator transition which persists into the weak-coupling regime. This suggests that the magnetism of the model is Heisenberg-like for all nonzero interactions. Away from half filling, we find that the sign problem that arises in QMC simulations is significantly less severe in the context of DCA. Hence, we were able to obtain good statistics for small clusters. For these clusters, the DCA results show evidence of non-Fermi-liquid behavior and superconductivity near half filling.