cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY TO PROBE SURFACE COMPOSITION AND SURFACE DEPROTECTION IN PHOTORESIST FILMS

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is utilized to provide insight into surface chemical effects in model photoresist films. First, NEXAFS was used to examine the resist/air interface including surface segregation of a photoacid generator (PAG) and the extent of surface deprotection in the film. The concentration of PAG at the resist-air interface was higher than the bulk concentration, which led to a faster deprotection rate at that interface. Second, a NEXAFS depth profiling technique was utilized to probe for compositional gradients in model resist line edge regions. In the model line edge region, the surface composition profile for the developed line edge was dependent on the post exposure bake time.
Acute effects of walking, cycling, and yoga exercise on cognition in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis without impaired cognitive processing speed

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a highly prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed consequence of multiple sclerosis (MS). Exercise training represents a promising approach for managing cognitive impairment in this population. However, there is limited evidence supporting an optimal exercise stimulus for improving cognition in MS. The current study compared the acute effects of moderate-intensity treadmill walking, moderate-intensity cycle ergometry, and guided yoga with those of quiet rest on executive control in 24 persons with relapsing-remitting MS without impaired cognitive processing speed using a within-subjects, repeated measures design. Method: Participants completed four experimental conditions that consisted of 20 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill walking exercise, moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise, guided yoga, and quiet rest in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Participants underwent a modified-flanker task as a measure of executive control immediately prior to and fol...
Analytical solution of dispersion relations for the nuclear optical model

Analytical solutions of dispersion integral relations, linking the real and imaginary parts of the nuclear optical model, have been derived. These are displayed for some widely used forms of the volume- and surface-absorptive nuclear potentials. When the analytical solutions are incorporated into the optical-model search code GENOA, replacing a numerical integration, the code runs three and a half to seven times faster, greatly aiding the analysis of direct-reaction, elastic scattering data.
How our hands help us learn.

When people talk they gesture, and those gestures often reflect thoughts not expressed in their words. In this sense, gesture and the speech it accompanies can mismatch. Gesture‐speech ‘mismatches’ are found when learners are on the verge of making progress on a task ‐ when they are ready to learn. Moreover, mismatches provide insight into the mental processes that characterize learners when in this transitional state. Gesture is not just handwaving ‐ it reflects how we think. However, evidence is mounting that gesture goes beyond reflecting our thoughts and can have a hand in changing those thoughts. We consider two ways in which gesture could change the course of learning: indirectly by influencing learning environments or directly by influencing learners themselves.
Diverse Effects of Methylseleninic Acid on the Transcriptional Program of Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Methylseleninic acid (MSA) has been shown to have potent anticancer activity and is an excellent compound for studying the anticancer effects of selenium in vitro. To gain insights into the effects of MSA in prostate cancer, we characterized the global transcriptional response of LNCaP, an androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line, to MSA by using high-density cDNA microarrays. We identified 951 genes whose expression shows striking dose- and time-dependent changes in response to 3-30 microM MSA over the time course of 48 h. Transcript levels of many cell cycle-regulated genes change in response to MSA, suggesting that MSA inhibits proliferation. Consistent with these gene expression changes, cell proliferation, monitored by carboxyfluoroscein succinimidyl ester staining, was decreased after MSA treatment, and an accumulation of cells at G0/G1 phase was detected by flow cytometry. Surprisingly, MSA also modulated expression of many androgen-regulated genes, suppressed androgen receptor (AR) expression at both mRNA and protein level, and decreased levels of prostate specific antigen secreted into the medium. Low concentrations of MSA also induced significant increases in transcript levels of phase 2 detoxification enzymes and induced NADPH dehydrogenase, quinone 1 enzymatic activity, a surrogate marker of global phase 2 enzyme activity. Our results suggest that MSA may protect against prostate cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, by modulating the expression of AR and AR-regulated genes and by inducing carcinogen defenses.
Growth of mammalian cells at high oxygen concentrations

Oxygen, although essential to the growth of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo, has been widely reported to be toxic at concentrations at or above the oxygen concentration in culture medium equilibrated with air (approximately 200 microM). We were therefore surprised to note that a diploid human B-cell line (TK6) was able to proliferate normally while exposed to 380 microM-oxygen. This observation was extended to Vero (African Green monkey kidney) cells, and Sp2/0-derived murine transfectomas producing antibody. Using an experimental system with a high capacity for oxygen transfer, we determined the growth rates of the three cell lines at controlled oxygen concentrations ranging from 80 microM to 910 microM. Each of these cell types was able to grow normally at oxygen concentrations up to 360-380 microM. At oxygen concentrations above 380 microM, a significant increase in the apparent doubling times of the cells was observed. No adverse effect of oxygen on TK6 cell survival was seen for concentrations ranging from 60 microM to 410 microM. We conclude that exponential growth at nearly maximum growth rates was observed for Sp2/0-derived cells, TK6, and Vero cells at constant oxygen concentrations up to 400 microM (twice air saturation). These findings have substantial implications for process control in the production of cells and cell-derived materials. The intrinsic oxygen transfer rate of any cell culture vessel can be increased severalfold by raising the oxygen gas concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spike-based Learning Rules and Stabilization of Persistent Neural Activity

We analyze the conditions under which synaptic learning rules based on action potential timing can be approximated by learning rules based on firing rates. In particular, we consider a form of plasticity in which synapses depress when a presynaptic spike is followed by a postsynaptic spike, and potentiate with the opposite temporal ordering. Such differential anti-Hebbian plasticity can be approximated under certain conditions by a learning rule that depends on the time derivative of the postsynaptic firing rate. Such a learning rule acts to stabilize persistent neural activity patterns in recurrent neural networks.
Personality and inter-role conflict and enrichment: Investigating the mediating role of support

Although researchers have discussed the relationships between personality and inter-role conflict and enrichment, little research explores why these relationships exist. This study examines the role of perceptions of support as one such mechanism. We expect that individuals with more positive core self-evaluations will perceive greater levels of support, which will enable them to avoid inter-role conflict and take advantage of opportunities for inter-role enrichment. In the current study, the inter-role conflict and enrichment faced by student-parents managing the demands of school and their parenting responsibilities are examined. Student-parents with more positive core self-evaluations were found to perceive and seek out greater levels of support, which related to more effective management of multiple life roles. Based on our findings, we argue that future research should continue to investigate the mechanisms by which personality affects the management of multiple life roles. Suggestions as to how prac...
Exploiting physical properties in protein structure alignment

Introduction The functional properties of a protein are strongly dependent on its structural conformation. The primary question addressed in this work is how to determine structural and therefore functional similarity from 3D protein structures. The approach we take relies on protein structure alignment, which elucidates functional protein relationships that are not depicted by the sequence. Most current structural alignment tools are based on geometric properties of protein structures, and do not incorporate the effect of physical properties responsible for protein shape and similarity. The effect of physical features, such as hydrogen bonding, bond and torsion angles, hydropathy, and solvent accessibility, are not well understood and hence not used while developing structure alignment tools. In this work, we exploit physical properties in protein structural alignment algorithms. In particular, we incorporate dominant physical features in one of the exact protein structure alignment tools, CMOS [1], which is based on the contact map overlap maximization (MAX-CMO) formulation of protein structure alignment. CMOS is a state-of-the-art tool, providing fast structural alignments that are in excellent agreement with the SCOP fold family classification. An implementation of CMOS is accessible at http:// eudoxus.cheme.cmu.edu/cmos/cmos.html.
Denoising PCR-amplified metagenome data

PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing theoretically enable the characterization of the finest-scale diversity in natural microbial and viral populations, but each of these methods introduces random errors that are difficult to distinguish from genuine biological diversity. Several approaches have been proposed to denoise these data but lack either speed or accuracy. We introduce a new denoising algorithm that we call DADA (Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm). Without training data, DADA infers both the sample genotypes and error parameters that produced a metagenome data set. We demonstrate performance on control data sequenced on Roche’s 454 platform, and compare the results to the most accurate denoising software currently available, AmpliconNoise. DADA is more accurate and over an order of magnitude faster than AmpliconNoise. It eliminates the need for training data to establish error parameters, fully utilizes sequence-abundance information, and enables inclusion of context-dependent PCR error rates. It should be readily extensible to other sequencing platforms such as Illumina.
Public Welfare and Family Planning: An Empirical Study of the “Brood Sow” Myth

The “Brood Sow” myth states that welfare mothers define welfare economic status favorably, are extremely active sexually, refrain from using contraceptives, want to become pregnant, and become pregnant. Data from a sample of 300 welfare mothers were analyzed to test the “Brood Sow” explanation of welfare fertility. No statistically significant differences were found between respondents pregnancy intervals when on welfare and when not on welfare in regard to: (1) their perception of their economic situation, and (2) periods of interruption of sexual intercourse. Statistically significant differences were found indicating that pregnancy intervals while on welfare were characterized by: (3) a greater likelihood of using contraception, (4) less likelihood of defining pregnancies which occurred as wanted, and (5) less likelihood of having a subsequent pregnancy. The findings regarding (1) and (2) are interpreted as providing no support for the “Brood Sow” myth, and the findings regarding (3), (4), and (5) suggest rejection of the myth. Speculations are offered about the connection between being on welfare and being a more successful family planner.
Role of the Air-Water-Solid Interface in Bacteriophage Sorption Experiments

Batch sorption experiments were carried out with the bacteriophages MS2 and φX174. Two types of reactor vessels, polypropylene and glass, were used. Consistently lower concentrations of MS2 were found in the liquid phase in the absence of soil (control blanks) than in the presence of soil after mixing. High levels of MS2 inactivation (∼99.9%) were observed in control tubes made of polypropylene (PP), with comparatively little loss of virus seen in PP tubes when soil was present. Minimal inactivation of MS2 was observed when the air-water interface was completely eliminated from PP control blanks during mixing. All batch experiments performed with reactor tubes made of glass demonstrated no substantial inactivation of MS2. In similar experiments, bacteriophage φX174 did not undergo inactivation in either PP or glass control blanks, implying that this virus is not affected by the same factors which led to inactivation of MS2 in the PP control tubes. When possible, phage adsorption to soil was calculated by the Freundlich isotherm. Our data suggest that forces associated with the air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface) are responsible for inactivation of MS2 in the PP control tubes. The influence of air-water interfacial forces should be carefully considered when batch sorption experiments are conducted with certain viruses.
A Literature Review of Western Bereavement Theory: From Decathecting to Continuing Bonds

Theories of bereavement continue to change and develop. This literature review explores the history of Western bereavement theories, beginning with Freud’s grief work, moving to the stage theories,...
Robotic mapping and monitoring of data centers

We describe an inexpensive autonomous robot capable of navigating previously unseen data centers and monitoring key metrics such as air temperature1. The robot provides real-time navigation and sensor data to commercial IBM software, thereby enabling real-time generation of the data center layout, a thermal map and other visualizations of energy dynamics. Once it has mapped a data center, the robot can efficiently monitor it for hot spots and other anomalies using intelligent sampling. We demonstrate the robot's effectiveness via experimental studies from two production data centers.
Search for Ion Induced Mixing in Ceramic-Ceramic Systems

Thin sputtered ceramic films deposited on ceramic substrates were subjected to either Kr+ or Xe+ ion bombardment for ion beam mixing studies in ceramic-ceramic systems. The amount of mixing if any was evaluated from Rutherford backscattering and Auger electron spectroscopy. In some instances ceramic films were deposited on epitaxial films or single crystal substrates for ion channeling analysis. No significant mixing was observed in any of the systems with ZrC. However, analysis of the interface in Si3N4/ SiC system indicates appreciable mixing and ion beam induced damage to the substrate. The mixing appears to be dose dependent for heavier ions.
The War of thangata : Nyasaland and the East African Campaign, 1914–1918

During World War I, Africans in Nyasaland were called upon to provide large numbers of soldiers and military labourers for the war effort in eastern Africa. Although a few willingly volunteered, many more objected, and some resisted. In this situation, colonial officals used force to secure the necessary manpower. Africans, therefore, called the conflict ‘the war of thangata’, referring to the growing colonial demands for taxes and for labour rent on European estates. The tasks which the soldiers and carriers were called upon to perform were equally likened to thangata, being ‘work which was done without real benefit’. So far from receiving rewards, Africans found that inadequate food, clothing, and medical care contributed greatly to the sufferings associated with a military campaign. Between 1914 and 1918 wartime manpower requirements, and war service, gave full meaning to colonial rule throughout the protectorate. The response to these demands and this suffering brought, in the form of both traditional and modern religious and social institutions, the first tentative stirrings of African nationalism in Nyasaland.
Alternative cognitive therapy for emotional instability (pathologic laughing and crying)

Emotional instability (EI) is involuntary laughing and crying associated with brain damage seen in a variety of disorders. This article discusses occurrence, impact, and diagnosis, and neuroanatomic substrates underlying proposed mechanisms producing EI are outlined and related to traditional drug treatment. An expanded neuroanatomic model is suggested emphasizing the prefrontal cortex as the center integrating information from a complex emotion and sensory loop with motor information destined for the faciorespiratory nuclei in the brainstem. Disturbance at any level in the loop is proposed to produce EI by degrading information to or from the prefrontal cortex, disrupting its inhibitory control of the nuclei. An alternative cognitive therapy for EI was developed to compensate for deficits resulting from structural lesions by strengthening undamaged pathways, which is achieved by superimposing volitional movement on muscles affected during an EI episode. Treatment of 17 patients showed significant reductions in EI severity and occurrence, and in contrast to drug treatments,the effect was sustained at 3- to 6-month follow-up.
Cytadsorption of Mycoplasma pulmonis to rat ependyma.

Mycoplasma pulmonis was inoculated intracerebrally into neonatal rats. Hydrocephalus was induced, and the lateral ventricles and aqueduct were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Mycoplasmas were observed to be cytadsorbed to the ependymal surface. Images
A carbon nanotube spiking cortical neuron with tunable refractory period and spiking duration

This paper describes an analog tunable carbon nanotube axon hillock that exhibits spiking with control over spiking frequency and spiking duration. Experiments with the axon hillock circuit embedded in a neuron circuit demonstrate spiking patterns similar to a biological fast-spiking neuron. The circuit design is biomimetic and changes in control voltages lead to changes in key spike parameters such as spike refractory period and spiking duration. The effect of change in output spiking frequency is tested with synapses that temporally summate, and their effect on neural firing is observed. The experiments are demonstrated with SPICE simulations using carbon nanotube transistor simulation models.
Synchrotron EXAFS and XANES spectroscopy studies of transition aluminas doped with La and Cr for catalytic applications

Transition aluminas doped with Cr find widespread application in the dehydrogenation catalysis industry, while La-stabilized transition aluminas are used extensively for high-temperature application as catalytic supports (Wefers and Misra in Oxides and hydroxides of aluminum, Alcoa Laboratories, Pittsburgh, 1987). In this work, detailed synchrotron XAFS spectroscopy studies were conducted to shed light upon the atomic mechanisms of surface and subsurface reconstructions and/or catalytic support stabilization of doped aluminas. It was demonstrated that in four transition aluminas doped with Cr, it is the atoms which are mostly in the state of oxidation Cr3+ and enter nanoparticles of Cr-bearing phases (Cr2O3 in the case of gamma- and chi-alumina). In the transition series aluminas: “gamma- chi- theta- eta-alumina,” the change of properties (in particular, the dramatic increase in dehydrogenation catalytic activity and catalyst longevity and the coloration of samples) takes place because of the reduction in the average size of Cr clusters and their appearance on the Al2O3 surface, probably responsible for change in catalytic activity. It was demonstrated that in the samples of gamma-alumina doped with La any substantial change in the local coordination of the La atoms takes place only upon heating up to 1400 °C. This makes the La-stabilized gamma-alumina a perfect catalytic support for the numerous applications, e.g., catalytic three-way conversion of automobile exhaust gases. This change manifested itself in the form of increased La–O bond lengths and the La coordination number (from 8 to 12). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the local environment of La in this new La-bearing phase cannot be explained in terms of the LaAlO3 formation. The absence of the La atoms in the second coordination sphere favors monoatomic distribution of La atoms on grain boundaries, proving that only very small amount of this rare earth material is required to achieve full stabilization. It is inferred that the tendency of La atoms to get surrounded by oxygen atoms, and also the impossibility of going into the alumina bulk, could be a major reason of the increased thermal stability of gamma-alumina doped with lanthanum.
Orthogonal Identification of Gunshot Residue with Complementary Detection Principles of Voltammetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy: Sample, Screen, and Confirm

Field-deployable voltammetric screening coupled with complementary laboratory-based analysis to confirm the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) from the hands of a subject who has handled, loaded, or discharged a firearm is described. This protocol implements the orthogonal identification of the presence of GSR utilizing square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) as a rapid screening tool along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to confirm the presence of the characteristic morphology and metal composition of GSR particles. This is achieved through the judicious modification of the working electrode of a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE) with carbon tape (used in SEM analysis) to fix and retain a sample. A comparison between a subject who has handled and loaded a firearm and a subject who has had no contact with GSR shows the significant variations in voltammetric signals and the presence or absence of GSR-consistent particles and constituent metals. This initial electrochemical screening has no effect on the integrity of the metallic particles, and SEM/EDX analysis conducted prior to and postvoltammetry show no differences in analytical output. The carbon tape is instrumental in retaining the GSR sample after electrochemical analysis, supported by comparison with orthogonal detection at a bare CSPE. This protocol shows great promise as a two-tier detection system for the presence of GSR from the hands of a subject, whereby initial screening can be conducted rapidly onsite by minimally trained operators; confirmation can follow at the same substrate to substantiate the voltammetric results.
Receptors for erythropoietin in mouse and human erythroid cells and placenta

High and lower affinity receptors for erythropoietin (EP) were initially identified on a very pure population of EP-responsive erythroblasts obtained from the spleens of mice infected with anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA). The structure of the receptor for EP in these cells was determined to be proteins of 100 and 85 Kd by cross-linking 125I-EP. In this investigation, studies on the receptors for EP were extended to other mouse erythroid cells and human erythroid cells as well as to the placentas of mice and rats. Only lower affinity receptors for EP were detected on erythroblasts purified from the spleens of mice infected with the polycythemia strain of Friend virus and a murine erythroleukemia cell line, both of which are not responsive to EP in culture. Internalization of 125I-EP was observed in both groups of cells. The structure of the receptor determined by cross-linking 125I-EP was two equally labeled proteins of 100 Kd and 85 Kd molecular mass in all these mouse erythroid cells. The structure of the receptor was found to be very similar in human erythroid colony forming cells cultured from normal blood. These cells respond to EP with erythroid maturation and were previously shown to have high and lower affinity receptors. Placentas from mice and rats were found to have only lower affinity receptors for EP, and when placental membranes were cross-linked to 125I-EP, the same 100 Kd and 85 Kd bands were found as seen in mouse and human erythroid cells. The structure of the receptor was similar in cells that have high affinity receptors (FVA-infected and human erythroid colony-forming cells) and nonresponsive erythroid cells and placenta that have lower affinity receptors, but only the cells with the high affinity receptors respond to the addition of EP with erythroid maturation.
Biomass-Based Production of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes via Methanol: Process Synthesis and Deterministic Global Optimization

The pursuit toward an environmentally sustainable energy landscape requires the development of economically competitive renewable processes. Efficient utilization of renewable resources is an important first step toward meeting this goal. To this extent, we introduce a systematic deterministic global optimization-based process synthesis framework that determines the most profitable processes to produce benzene, toluene, and/or xylenes from biomass via methanol. Our framework incorporates several novel, competing, and/or commercial technologies. We quantify the effect that biomass type has on the overall profit of a refinery by investigating forest residues, agricultural residues, and perennial crops as potential feedstocks. A thorough economic analysis, together with material, energy, carbon, and greenhouse gas balances, are provided for every proposed process design. The capability of our proposed approach is illustrated through several case studies that produce varying ratios of p-, o-, and m-xylene acr...
Clinical investigation of Dental CT imaging

【Objective】To investigate the methodology of dental CT program(DCT).【Methods】5 normal persons were examined by DCT(including Helix dental CT scan(HDCT)and Axial dental CT scan(ADCT))using both 2.5 mm and 1.0 mm slice thickness,their differences were observed.31 patients were examined by HDCT and ADCT respectively,only 1.0 mm slice thickness was applied.The definition and precision of two kinds of pictures were analyzed.The noises of HDCT and ADCT figures were measured.Also,the distinctness of artifacts on HDCT and ADCT reformatted images were counted and assessed.【Results】 DCT images with 1 mm slice thickness had higher resolution and less artifacts,the objects were showed much clearly.ADCT was more superior in reviewing cortical involvement and root involvement(P 0.05);the noises of HDCT images were higher than ADCT's(P 0.05);the artifacts of HDCT images were more and sharper than ADCT's(P 0.05).【Conclusion】Using 1 mm slice thickness plus reformation is the key point of DCT method.ADCT is better than HDCT,usually should be selected.
Homeless Souls——Analysis of the Inevitability and Moral of Pecola's Tragedy in The Bluest eye

This article argues that the tragedy of Pecola in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrisom was inevitable,through which the moral and practical significance are exposed.
What appears safe is sometimes not: a reason for caution.

In this issue of Blood, Barr et al report the results of the combination of idelalisib and entospletinib, discussing why “we” need to carefully design clinical trials with novel agents with an increased focus on safety in addition to thoroughly incorporating biomarkers to predict unique toxicities.1
Teratoma Following Cisplatin-Based Combination Chemotherapy for Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: A Clinicopathological Correlation

AbstractFrom April 1975 through May 1981, 51 patients had teratoma resected from residual disease following cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. All patients had normal serum markers before resection of abdominal (25), lung (12), mediastinal (5), thoracoabdominal (8) or other (1) disease. Teratoma was classified as mature in 29 cases, immature in 15 or immature with nongerm cell elements in 7. Of the 51 patients 31 (61 per cent) remain free of recurrent disease, while 20 either had recurrent carcinoma (10) or teratoma (10) requiring further therapy. Nine patients died, including 1 in whom angiosarcoma developed, which was thought to be secondary to previous radiation therapy. In 4 patients the initial relapse of carcinoma developed beyond 2 years after resection.Univariate factors predicting for relapse include tumor burden, immature teratoma with nongerm cell elements and site (mediastinum), while only immature teratoma with nongerm cell elements and site predicted for survival. Patients with immatu...
Experimental Mechanics of Solids

Experimental solid mechanics is the study of materials to determine their physical properties. This study might include performing a stress analysis or measuring the extent of displacement, shape, strain and stress which a material suffers under controlled conditions. In the last few years there have been remarkable developments in experimental techniques that measure shape, displacement and strains and these sorts of experiments are increasingly conducted using computational techniques. Experimental Mechanics of Solids is a comprehensive introduction to the topics, technologies and methods of experimental mechanics of solids. It begins by establishing the fundamentals of continuum mechanics, explaining key areas such as the equations used, stresses and strains, and two and three dimensional problems. Having laid down the foundations of the topic, the book then moves on to look at specific techniques and technologies with emphasis on the most recent developments such as optics and image processing. Most of the current computational methods, as well as practical ones, are included to ensure that the book provides information essential to the reader in practical or research applications. Key features: Presents widely used and accepted methodologies that are based on research and development work of the lead author Systematically works through the topics and theories of experimental mechanics including detailed treatments of the Moire, Speckle and holographic optical methods Includes illustrations and diagrams to illuminate the topic clearly for the reader Provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic, and also acts as a quick reference guide This comprehensive book forms an invaluable resource for graduate students and is also a point of reference for researchers and practitioners in structural and materials engineering.
The Perception of Authentic Leadership on Subordinate Resilience

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Army requires resilient soldiers who can positively adapt following an adversity. Leadership styles grounded in positive psychology can increase psychological resilience in subordinates. This study aimed to determine whether a relation exists between the perception of authentic leadership and subordinate resilience in U.S. Army–enlisted soldiers. A descriptive correlational design using survey instrumentation was the methodology for data collection and analysis. Participants (N = 132) were assessed for resilience using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. The perception of supervisor authentic leadership was assessed using the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. Findings indicate a positive relation between the perception of authentic leadership and subordinate resilience. Data analysis indicated no statistically significant difference between resilience level and age, military rank, and time in military service. This empirical evidence of a positive correlation between the perception of...
Role of dynamin-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial fission in resistance of mouse C2C12 myoblasts to heat injury.

Key points Understanding how skeletal muscles respond to high temperatures may help develop strategies for improving exercise tolerance and preventing heat injury. Mitochondria regulate cell survival by constantly changing their morphology through fusion and fission in response to environmental stimuli. Little is known about the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in tolerance of skeletal muscle against heat stress. Mild heat acclimation and moderate heat shock appear to have different effects on the mitochondrial morphology and fission protein Drp1 in skeletal muscle cells. Mitochondrial integrity plays a key role in cell survival under heat stress. Abstract The regulation of mitochondrial morphology is closely coupled to cell survival during stress. We examined changes in the mitochondrial morphology of mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in response to heat acclimation and heat shock exposure. Acclimated cells showed a greater survival rate during heat shock exposure than non-acclimated cells, and were characterized by long interconnected mitochondria and reduced expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) for their mitochondrial fractions. Exposure of C2C12 muscle cells to heat shock led to apoptotic death featuring activation of caspase 3/7, release of cytochrome c and loss of cell membrane integrity. Heat shock also caused excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species in C2C12 cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence image analysis revealed translocation of Drp1 to mitochondria from the cytosol in C2C12 cells exposed to heat shock. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 or Drp1 gene silencer reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and increased cell viability during exposure to heat shock. These results suggest that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission may regulate susceptibility to heat-induced apoptosis in muscle cells and that Drp1 may serve as a target for the prevention of heat-related injury.
RDE: Replay DEbugging for Diagnosing Production Site Failures

Online service failures in production computing environments are notoriously difficult to debug. One of the key challenges is to allow the developer to replay the failure execution within an interactive debugging tool such as GDB. Previous work has proposed in-situ approaches to inferring the production-run failure path within the production environment. However, those tools may sometimes suggest failure execution paths that are infeasible to reach by any program inputs. Moreover, production site often does not record or provide failure-triggering inputs due to the user privacy concern. In this paper, we present RDE, a Replay DEbug system that can replay a production-site failure at the development site within an interactive debugging environment without requiring user inputs. RDE takes an inferred production failure path as input and performs execution synthesis using a new guided symbolic execution technique. RDE can tolerate imprecise or inaccurate failure path information by navigating the symbolic execution along a set of selected paths. RDE synthesizes an input from the selected symbolic execution path which can be fed to a debugging tool to replay the failure. We have implemented an initial prototype of RDE and tested it with a set of coreutils bugs. The results show that RDE can successfully replay all the tested bugs within GDB.
Deplete and Delirious: A Report of Two Cases

A diagnosis of thiamine deficiency and Wernicke’s encephalopathy should be considered in all elderly patients presenting to the emergency department with acute neurological changes. Physicians have an increased suspicion for the diagnosis in alcoholic patients, but unfortunately this condition is often missed in non-alcoholic patients. Timely diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is imperative due to the associated morbidity and mortality. In this report, we describe two cases of elderly patients who experience severe neurological disturbances secondary to Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Both patients’ conditions were worsened with an infusion of dextrose containing fluids and promptly improved with infusion of thiamine. We believe that acutely ill, elderly patients are particularly susceptible to thiamine deficiency and the development of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. The recognition of this population as especially vulnerable is critical in order to improve long-term neurological outcomes in these patients. J Med Cases. 2017;8(4):108-110 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2802e
Geographic information science I: Geographic information observatories and opportunistic GIScience

Geographic information observatories (GIOs) extend the capabilities for observatory-based science to the broad geographic data associated with a place or region. GIOs are a form of scientific instr...
Uncovering BRD4 hyperphosphorylation associated with cellular transformation in NUT midline carcinoma

The epigenetic reader BRD4 plays a vital role in transcriptional regulation, cellular growth control, and cell-cycle progression. Dysregulation of BRD4 function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers. However, how BRD4 is regulated to maintain its normal function in healthy cells and how alteration of this process leads to cancer remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that BRD4 is hyperphosphorylated in NUT midline carcinoma and identified CDK9 as a potential kinase mediating BRD4 hyperphosphorylation. Disruption of BRD4 hyperphosphorylation using both chemical and molecular inhibitors led to the repression of BRD4 downstream oncogenes and abrogation of cellular transformation. BRD4 hyperphosphorylation is also observed in other cancers displaying enhanced BRD4 oncogenic activity. Our study revealed a mechanism that may regulate BRD4 biological function through phosphorylation, which, when dysregulated, could lead to oncogenesis. Our finding points to strategies to target the aberrant BRD4 signaling specifically for cancer intervention.
Predicting Cognitive Functioning, Activities of Daily Living, and Participation 6 Months after Mild to Moderate Stroke.

Objective Predicting neurocognitive and functional outcomes in stroke is an important clinical task, especially in rehabilitation settings. We assessed acute predictors of cognitive and functional outcomes 6 months after mild to moderate stroke. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of acute clinical data and 6-month follow-up telephone interviews for 498 mild to moderate stroke patients. Predictors were sociodemographic variables, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), basic physical measures, the Mesulam Cancellation Test, the Short Blessed Test (SBT), Trails A/B, and the Boston Naming Test. The outcome variables were the Communication, Memory and Thinking, ADL/IADLs, and Participation subscales from the Stroke Impact Scale. We conducted four hierarchical multiple regression analyses with demographic variables and the NIHSS score entered into the first step, followed by physical variables in the second step, and neuropsychological variables in the final step. Results Physical variables explained more variance in ADL/IADLs and Participation outcomes than in Communication and Memory and Thinking outcomes, while cognitive predictors exhibited the opposite trend. The SBT was the only significant independent predictor of Communication and Memory and Thinking (p's < .001), while the NIHSS was the only measure that significantly predicted ADL/IADLs (p < .001) and Participation (p = .002). Poorer performance on screening measures predicted worse cognitive and functional outcomes 6 months post-stroke. Conclusions These results support the clinical utility of administering brief screening instruments during acute recovery from mild to moderate stroke. Neuropsychologists should prioritize performance on screening measures assessing acute neurologic status and cognitive dysfunction when making recommendations for post-stroke rehabilitation.
She persisted: the pursuit, persistence, & power of African American women in social work graduate programs at Historically Black Institutions (HBI)

AbstractSocial work graduate programs have long grappled with ways to attract and retain students at the intersection of race and gender. The central structure of this analysis is a hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative study on the pursuit and persistence of African-American women in graduate Social Work programs at a Historically Black Institution (HBI). The data in this article were derived from the responses of 13 participants written in their own words. The themes that emerged around the pursuit of a social work degree were (a) service to Black communities, (b) resistance to misrecognition, and (c) a seat at the table. After sharing the salient characteristics of the findings, the article opens a discussion around the significance of HBIs in educating social workers to work in urban communities and the implications for policy and practice.
Circumvent traffic shaping using virtual wireless clients in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network

Accessing the Internet through Wi-Fi networks offers an inexpensive alternative for offloading data from mobile broadband connections. Businesses such as fast food restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, and airports, provide complimentary Internet access to their customers through Wi-Fi networks. Clients can connect to the Wi-Fi hotspot using different wireless devices. However, network administrators may apply traffic shaping to control the wireless client's upload and download data rates. Such limitation is used to avoid overloading the hotspot, thus providing fair bandwidth allocation. Also, it allows for the collection of money from the client in order to have access to a faster Internet service. In this paper, we present a new technique to avoid bandwidth limitation imposed by Wi-Fi hotspots. The proposed method creates multiple virtual wireless clients using only one physical wireless interface card. Each virtual wireless client emulates a standalone wireless device. The combination of the individual bandwidth of each virtual wireless client results in an increase of the total bandwidth gained by the attacker. Our proposed technique was implemented and evaluated in a real-life environment with an increase in data rate up to 16 folds.
Analgesic effect of long-acting somatostatin receptor agonist pasireotide in a patient with acromegaly and intractable headaches

A 22-year-old woman presented with worsening vision loss and headaches. A diagnosis of acromegaly was confirmed after detection of an invasive pituitary macroadenoma and biochemical testing. Despite two attempts of surgical debulking of the tumour and administration of long-acting octreotide and cabergoline, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were uncontrolled. The patient experienced persistent headaches despite surgery, gamma knife radiation and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement; she was then enrolled in the ACCESS trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01995734). Pasireotide (Signifor; Signifor LAR) was initiated, which led to reduced GH and IGF-1 levels and resolution of her intractable headaches. This highlights the use of monthly pasireotide in resolving headaches and improved biochemical control in a patient with acromegaly. We postulate that the headaches improved due to an analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory effect mediated by somatostatin receptors targeted by pasireotide. This may represent an additional benefit of pasireotide and requires further investigation.
Glassy carbon tubes for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

The use of glassy carbon as a tube material in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry requires modifications to the power supply if temperatures and heating rates comparable to those for graphite tubes are to be obtained. Glassy carbon tubes frequently have a longer lifetime than pyrolytic graphite coated tubes made of polycrystalline electrographite. Peak height sensitivity for glassy carbon is better by a factor of two for some volatile elements, but up to a factor of five inferior for less volatile elements than that for pyrolytic graphite coated tubes. Peak area sensitivity is generally inferior by about a factor of two. Sample volume is limited to 5–10 μl because of the smooth surface.
The Setting for Food Regulatory Programs

The regulation of food is a dynamic process. Forces are constantly at work which seem to defy any effort whatsoever to bring about more than a short-time equilibrium to the system. These forces operate within an environment which also is dynamic. The encompassment of the entire system to include and interrelate those who do the regulating and those for whose benefits the regulation is presumably carried out can be called the setting of food regulatory programs.
Nonholonomic Multibody Systems Containing Gyrostats

A procedure is presented for the formulation of equations governing motions of nonholonomic systems consisting of rigid bodies some of which carry axisymmetric rotors. The procedure leads directly to differential equations of the first order, facilitates the process of linearization, and makes it unnecessary to consider work-less constraint forces explicitly. As on illustration, the phenomenon of high speed weave of motorcycles is examined.
Intra-Raphe Substance P5–11 but Not Muscimol-Induced Hyperactivity is Mediated by Serotonin Neurons

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that injections of the GABA-A agonist muscimol into the median raphe nucleus (MR) of the rat via chronically indwelling cannulae will elicit a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity (LMA) [5]. The LMA effect of intra-MR muscimol appeared to be dependent upon intact ascending 5HT neurons originating from the midbrain raphe nuclei [5], since it was demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intra-mesencephalic (just dorsal to the interpeduncular nucleus) injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), following pretreatment with the norepinephrine (NE) reuptake blocker desipramine (DMI), blocked the LMA effect of intra-MR muscimol.
Social Determinants of Appropriate Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: Racial disparities in guideline-based, appropriate treatment (ApT) may be a significant driving force for differences in survival for people with nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We hypothesize that receipt of ApT is influenced by factors such as race and socioeconomic status, irrespective of neighborhood-level differences in healthcare, variations in practice patterns, and clinical characteristics of patients with nonmetastatic MIBC. Methods: Within the National Cancer Database, we identified individuals diagnosed with MIBC between 2004 and 2013. Multivariable logistic regression and mixed effects modelling was used to examine predictors of ApT, clustered within institutions. Results: A total of 51,350 individuals had clinically staged nonmetastatic, lymph node–negative MIBC. Black individuals comprised 6.4% of the cohort. Mean age was 72.6 years (SD 11.6) with a male predominance (71.4%). Less than half received ApT (42.6%). Fewer black individuals received ApT compared with white individuals (37% vs. 43%, P Conclusions: Racial disparities in treatment persisted after accounting for various clinical factors and social determinants of health. Future efforts should focus on addressing racial bias to improve disparities in bladder cancer treatment. Impact: If we are not delivering evidence-based care due to these biases (after accounting for access and biology), then it is expected that patients will experience inferior outcomes.
Principles of morals, natural law, and politics in dealing with refugees

The essay discusses first the general moral principles concerning the help for people in need and their specific application to refugees (with a particular focus on Peter Singer’s and Michael Walzer’s contributions). Second, it exposes the fundamental principles of international law regarding refugees in their historical development and critiques the actual regime on the basis of a theory of natural law. Third, it debates the merits and errors of the politics of the German government during the refugee crisis of 2015, including its effects on the European Union. While committed to a universalist ethics and strongly supporting migration, the essays justifies a position that rejects a generic opening of the borders.