cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen ordering and superconductivity in La(Ba2−xLax)Cu3O7+δ

The observation of superconductivity above 90 K in the Y–Ba–Cu–O system1,2 has prompted a search for other structures that display high-temperature superconductivity. The discovery of superconductivity above 70 K in La3−xBa3+xCu6Ol4+y3 raises some questions concerning its relationship to the YBa2Cu3O7−δ structure and the origins of the high-temperature superconductivity. The original X-ray diffraction study of La3Ba3Cu6O14+y, indicated a tetragonal structure4,5, on the basis of which it has been proposed that La3−xBa3+xCu6O14+y is a new class of high-temperature superconductor which, in contrast to YBa2Cu3O7−δ, contains no Cu–O chains3. More recently, a neutron diffraction study of non-superconducting La3Ba3Cu6O14+y6has indicated that the correct structure of this compound is simply the tetragonal YBa2Cu3O7−δ structure with partial substitution of lanthanum on the barium site7–12. In the present neutron powder diffraction study of a series of La(Ba2−xLax)Cu3O7+δ compounds, we show that the superconducting phase is a similarly disordered isomorph of the orthorhom-bic YBa2Cu3O7−δ structure13–19. The region of solid solubility for this compound extends from x = 0.5 (La:Ba:Cu ratios of 3:3:6) to x≈ 0.25 and does not include the stoichiometric compound x = 0 (LaBa2Cu3O7−δ). The presence of Cu–O chains, and not just a formal copper charge state of ≥2, is vital for the occurrence of superconductivity.
Crystalline fields and exchange interactions in YbNi2

Abstract Mossbauer studies of 170Yb in YbNi2 at temperatures of 1·4–15°K and in external fields up to 44 kOe reveal that YbNi2 is magnetically ordered below 5·7 ± 0·4 K. Analysis of the experimental results within molecular field and crystal field theory approximations yield the cubic crystalline field constants A4〈r4〉 = 44 ± 2 cm−1, |A6〈r6〉| p = 16°K. These results are compared with a previous calculation of Bleaney and with crystal field constants in the rare-earth-Al2 systems. Effects of crystal field mixing on details of the hyperfine spectra and on the systematics of the Curie temperature for the rare-earth-Ni2 compounds are considered.
Organization Development: A Practitioner’s Guide for OD and HR by Mee-Yan Cheung-Judge and Linda Holbeche (Review)

The field of organization development (OD) has a rich history replete with triumph and innovation. Yet recently the field appears to be undergoing an identity crisis — what is the best way forward? Many scholars are revisiting dialogical and social constructionist approaches as offering promise in OD theory and research (Bushe & Marshak, 2009; McLean, 2005; Rothwell, Stavros, Sullivan, & Sullivan, 2010; Van Nistelrooij & Sminia, 2010). But we also need the fresh eye of the practitioner on new applications of OD to the business world.Organization Development: A Practitioner’s Guide for OD and HR is written as a hands-on guide for those who lead system-wide organizational change efforts. Co-authors Mee-Yan Cheung-Judge and Linda Holbeche are experienced UK consultants, as such, they bring a much needed practitioner’s perspective to implementing organization development efforts.
Stress in pregnancy: The influence of psychological and social mediators in perinatal experiences

The influence of stress in pregnancy on labor and delivery events and postnatal infant status has been investigated by several researchers. Our research investigated the role played by stress as modulated by the effects of psychological and social variables on perinatal risks. Subjects are pregnant women and their infants. In their eighth month all women completed the: Life Events Scale, Social Support Inventory, Rotter Internal-External Scale, the Maternal Attitudes Toward Pregnancy Inventory and demographic forms. Medical records were used to: (1) score the Hobel et al. and Nesbitt/Aubry Perinatal Risk Scales, (2) to identify specific labor and delivery events, and (3) to assess mother and infant postnatal status. Separate regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between stress, the median variables (social support, pregnancy attitudes, locus of control), and specific labor, delivery, and postnatal events. Results show that life events stress is modulated by other variables in influenci...
Cardiac malformations associated with ventricular septal defect.

Abstract In this study, 46 necropsy-proved cases of ventricular septal defect associated with another anomaly but not part of a recognized complex were selected. The associated anomalies were classified as (1) obstructive or positional anomalies of the great vessels, (2) anomalies responsible for additional shunts, (3) anomalies causing intraventricular obstruction and (4) aortic valvular insufficiency. Clinical findings were often those of the ventricular septal defect, and the findings related to the associated lesion were frequently obscure. Even with special studies, including cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, there was often failure to arrive at a complete diagnosis. The findings which led to an erroneous or incomplete diagnosis have been presented. When a complete diagnosis was made preoperatively, the procedures leading to it have been outlined. While the diagnostic approach varies with the malformations which may coexist with ventricular septal defect, it was observed that aortography and selective left ventricular angiocardiography were most commonly helpful in identifying occult malformations associated with ventricular septal defect. It is therefore recommended that complete studies, including left-sided cardiac catheterization with left ventricular angiocardiography and aortography, should be considered in all cases in which the clinical, electrocardiographic, and right-sided cardiac catheterization studies are not entirely typical for isolated ventricular septal defect.
Failure Strengths of Composite Additions and Repairs.

Clinical Relevance Repair of defective composite restorations is a common practice, but few studies have quantified the strength of various types of repair materials and techniques. This study provides evidence that may help clinicians choose the most promising techniques and materials.
A Data Acquisition System for Elementary Particle Physics

The data acquisition system experiment 605 at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory employs a set of data transfer protocols developed at Columbia University and implemented in the Nevis Laboratories Data Transport System. We describe the logical design of the Transport System, its physical realization, and its particular application during the Spring, 1982 data run of experiment 605. During that run it served as the interface between the data latches and a megabyte of fast memory, operating at a data transfer rate of 200 nsec/16-bit word. Up to two thousand events were read out during the one second beam spill, each event consisting of about 250 words. We include details of proposed improvements to the data acquisition system and append a brief comment of the need for inexpensive, versatile readout systems in experimental elementary particle physics.
Toward a theory of correct set algorithms

A structured pseudocode containing only eight primitive instructions is described for expressing algorithms about sets, relations, functions, natural numbers, algebras, graphs, etc. The language has been used to treat algorithms in courses on discrete mathematics. In the language, algorithms that compute set-theoretic predicates are distinguished from algorithms that compute set operators. Also, algorithms are distinguished from the specifications of algorithms and formal proofs of correctness serve to interrelate the two. Finally, specifications are allowed within statements to invoke subalgorithms. To illustrate the approach, a representative number of set algorithms are given and proved correct including the topological sorting algorithm.
Clinical evaluation of aortic coarctation with 4D flow MR imaging

Results: Direct comparison of blood flow calculated with 4D and 2D PC data at standard levels for analysis in coarct patients showed good correlation and agreement between the two techniques; a comparison of representative data sets is included as Figure C. Strong correlation of blood flow data is demonstrated at the Prox DsAo (r = 0.99, limits of agreement -4.09 to 10.47 ml/beat) and at the diaphragm (r = 0.99, LOA = 0.28 to 5.2 ml/beat). The change in flow from the Prox DsAo to the diaphragm, which is key for evaluation of collateral flow, also shows good correlation; for the numerical change, r = 0.98 and LOA = -4.69 to 5.58 ml/beat, and for the percentage change, r = 0.99 and LOA = -7% to 9%. These results are comparable to previously reported data comparing 2D and 4D flow data without parallel imaging in healthy subjects [5]. With 4D visualization techniques, secondary blood flow features were evaluated in patients and compared to healthy subjects, both those included in our study and those from the literature [2,4]. There appears to be a tendency toward exaggerated, left-handed helical flow in the DsAo in patients status post coarct repair. This is best demonstrated in a patient with an angulated aortic arch and aneurysmal prox DsAo status post patch repair of coarct (Figures A and B). Discussion: 4D volumetric acquisition of PC MR data throughout the cardiac cycle is an effective way of evaluating blood flow in the thoracic aorta. Our study offers clinical validation of flow data generated by 4D Flow, and employs parallel imaging to reduce scan time in order to make the technique clinically feasible. Direct comparison of 2D and 4D PC blood flow data at the levels used for routine clinical evaluation of collateral flow in coarct patients demonstrates good correlation and agreement between the two techniques. One clear advantage of 4D Flow is that it affords the ability to arbitrarily place cut-planes throughout datasets without being hindered by the prospective acquisition of traditional 2D PC MR. The principal advantage of 4D Flow, however, is its ability to dynamically visualize blood flow in 3D throughout the cardiac cycle. With 3D visualization software, we have employed tools such as vector fields, streamlines and particle traces to characterize complex, secondary blood flow features unique to coarct patients. We have observed a tendency toward exaggerated helical flow in the descending aorta in these patients. While work needs to be done to evaluate whether abnormal secondary flow features visualized by 4D Flow in patients with aortic pathology are of clinical significance, we postulate that detailed characterization of abnormal flow patterns may be useful for better understanding and possibly predicting post-intervention complications in patients status post repair of aortic coarctation. This is one of the first clinical applications of 4D Flow in patients with aortic coarctation.
Inviscid modes of instability in Couette flow

Abstract An exact solution is presented for the inviscid modes of instability in Couette flow. When the cylinders rotate in the same direction, only one mode of instability is present. It corresponds to the convective modes found in the existing viscous treatments of the problem. When the cylinders rotate in opposite directions, however, two types of instability are present, the second being of an oscillatory type. These results suggest that although the “principle of exchange of stabilities” may be valid when the cylinders rotate in the same direction, it may not be valid when they rotate in opposite directions.
Leucine sources for 10.5-day rat conceptus in vivo

Protein has been shown to be the principal source of leucine for the Day 8.5 to 10.5 rat conceptus in culture. It could be argued that this finding applies only after adaptation to culture conditions and does not apply in vivo. This possibility was investigated using an isotope-dilution technique after i.v. injection of [3H]leucine into Day 10.5 pregnant rats. Specific radioactivity of free leucine in the conceptus was 8 to 10% of that in maternal plasma. Slow exchange of leucine with the maternal circulation and fetal tissue protein turnover were judged to be inadequate as explanations for the observed isotope dilution. Taken together, our results and those from in vitro studies are consistent with a major contribution of leucine coming from the degradation of protein in vivo, probably involving the visceral yolk sac. Our results suggest that mechanisms of amino acid supply to the conceptus identified using whole-embryo culture mirror those in vivo.
Possible treatment of end-stage hyperammonemic encephalopathy by inhibition of glutamine synthetase

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is highly active in astrocytes, and these cells are physiologically and morphologically compromised by hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia in end-stage acute liver failure (ALF) is often associated with cerebral edema and astrocyte pathology/swelling. Many studies of animal models of hyperammonemia, and, more recently, nuclear magnetic resonance studies of liver disease patients, have shown that cerebral glutamine is elevated in hyperammonemia, contributing to the edema and encephalopathy. The GS inhibitor L-methionine-S,R-sulfoximine (MSO) is protective in animal models against acute ammonia intoxication. MSO is also an inhibitor of glutamate cysteine ligase, is converted to metabolic products, and causes convulsions at high doses. However, the susceptibility to MSO-induced convulsions is species dependent, with primates being relatively resistant. Moreover, it is possible to chronically maintain cerebral GS activity in mice at low levels by MSO treatment without any obvious untoward effects. Furthermore, MSO is protective in a mouse model of ALF. Extreme caution would be needed in administering MSO to patients. Nevertheless, inhibition of brain GS by MSO (or other GS inhibitors) may have therapeutic benefit in ALF.
Continuous murmurs in tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

Abstract The associated lesions found in 22 cases of tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect in which a continuous murmur was present were (1) some form of aortopulmonary connection and (2) stenosis of a pulmonary artery. Corrective surgical treatment is possible in some of these patients, provided pulmonary arteries are present and proper technics are used.
Ionic versus nonionic contrast media: Safety, tolerance, and rationale for use

After several years of clinical experience worldwide and numerous high-quality, randomized controlled trials in humans, the marked improvement in patient tolerance and safety of low osmolar contrast media (ionic and nonionic) has been demonstrated [1–5]. Iohexol (Omnipaque), Iopamidol (Isovue), Ioxaglate (Hexabrix), and Ioversol (Optiray) are all now available in the United States.
Home Range and Site Fidelity of Imperiled Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene ornata) in Northwestern Illinois

Abstract The destruction of prairies has led to the decline of the ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornate) across much of its range. Land management agencies are considering translocation programs to restore populations to areas from which they have been extirpated. For these conservation efforts to be successful, long-term posttranslocation monitoring is necessary to ensure that translocated individuals behave and use habitat similarly to unmanipulated individuals. We conducted a 3-yr radiotelemetry study of a potential source population of ornate box turtles to provide baseline data on home range size and site fidelity pretranslocation. Adult males and females did not differ in minimum convex polygon home range size (mean 4.0 ha), 95% fixed kernel home ranges (mean 2.6 ha), or 50% fixed kernel home ranges (mean 0.4 ha). Both sexes showed high site fidelity to annual home ranges and to previously used overwintering sites, although distance between subsequent overwintering sites was less for females than for...
Continuous Characterizations of the Maximum Clique Problem

Given a graph G whose adjacency matrix is A, the Motzkin-Strauss formulation of the Maximum-Clique Problem is the quadratic program max{xTAx ∣ xTe = 1, x ≥ 0}. It is well known that the global optimum value of this QP is 1-1/ωG, where ωG is the clique number of G. Here, we characterize the following properties pertaining to the above QP: 1 first order optimality, 2 second order optimality, 3 local optimality, 4 strict local optimality. These characterizations reveal interesting underlying discrete structures, and are polynomial time verifiable. A parametrization of the Motzkin-Strauss QP is then introduced and its properties are investigated. Finally, an extension of the Motzkin-Strauss formulation is provided for the weighted clique number of a graph.
Multifrontal incomplete factorization for indefinite and complex symmetric systems

A new class of preconditioners based on the adaptive threshold incomplete multifrontal factorization for indefinite and complex symmetric systems is developed. Numerical experiments consisting of the 3D Helmholtz equations, fluid–structure interaction and localization problems demonstrate the excellent performance of the preconditioner. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A FERROFLUID SEAL: THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYTICAL STUDY BASED ON THE COULOMBIAN MODEL

This paper presents a general method for studying the mechanical properties of a ferrofluid seal by using a three-dimensional analytical approach based on the coulombian model of a magnet. The fundamental Maxwell's equations lead us to define the concept of magnetic energy of the ferrofluid seal by using only the three- dimensional equations of the magnetic field created by ring permanent magnets radially magnetized. Our study corresponds to the specific case when the ferrofluid is submitted to a very high magnetic field. Under these conditions, we assume that the mechanical properties of the ferrofluid depend only on the magnetic field created by the permanent magnets. Throughout this paper, the remanence polarization J of the magnets used is higher than 1 T. The magnetic field we use in order to align the magnetic particles is very intense, greater than 400 kA/m. Consequently, the magnetic particles are assumed to be saturated and the magnetic field they create can be omitted. In this paper, a cylindrical structure consisting of two outer ring permanent magnets radially magnetized and an inner non- magnetic cylinder is considered. In addition, a ferrofluid seal is placed between them. The calculation of the magnetic pressure of the ferrofluid seal has been analytically established in three dimensions in order to determine its shape. Moreover, the geometrical evolution of the ferrofluid seal shape is presented when the inner non-magnetic cylinder crushes the ferrofluid seal. The radial stiffness of the ferrofluid seal is determined in three dimensions when the inner cylinder is decentered. Furthermore, a way of obtaining the ferrofluid seal static capacity is discussed.
Piezo2 is required for Merkel-cell mechanotransduction

How we sense touch remains fundamentally unknown. The Merkel cell-neurite complex is a gentle touch receptor in the skin that mediates slowly adapting responses of Aβ sensory fibres to encode fine details of objects. This mechanoreceptor complex was recognized to have an essential role in sensing gentle touch nearly 50 years ago. However, whether Merkel cells or afferent fibres themselves sense mechanical force is still debated, and the molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction is unknown. Synapse-like junctions are observed between Merkel cells and associated afferents, and yet it is unclear whether Merkel cells are inherently mechanosensitive or whether they can rapidly transmit such information to the neighbouring nerve. Here we show that Merkel cells produce touch-sensitive currents in vitro. Piezo2, a mechanically activated cation channel, is expressed in Merkel cells. We engineered mice deficient in Piezo2 in the skin, but not in sensory neurons, and show that Merkel-cell mechanosensitivity completely depends on Piezo2. In these mice, slowly adapting responses in vivo mediated by the Merkel cell-neurite complex show reduced static firing rates, and moreover, the mice display moderately decreased behavioural responses to gentle touch. Our results indicate that Piezo2 is the Merkel-cell mechanotransduction channel and provide the first line of evidence that Piezo channels have a physiological role in mechanosensation in mammals. Furthermore, our data present evidence for a two-receptor-site model, in which both Merkel cells and innervating afferents act together as mechanosensors. The two-receptor system could provide this mechanoreceptor complex with a tuning mechanism to achieve highly sophisticated responses to a given mechanical stimulus.
Attraction of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, to Avocado, Lychee, and Essential Oil Lures

The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood-boring insect that vectors the mycopathogen responsible for laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. High mortality has occurred in native Persea species in the southeastern U.S., and the vector-pathogen complex poses an imminent threat to the production of commercial avocado, P. americana, in south Florida. There is a critical need for effective attractants to detect, monitor, and control this invasive pest. This study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate the response of female X. glabratus to host-based volatiles from wood of avocado (cultivars of West Indian, Guatemalan, and Mexican races); from wood of lychee (Litchi chinensis, a presumed non-host that is high in the sesquiterpene α-copaene, a putative attractant); and to commercial lures containing manuka and phoebe oils, two reported attractive baits. Volatile collections and GC-MS analyses were performed to quantify the sesquiterpene content of test substrates. In the field, traps baited with lychee wood captured more beetles than those with wood from avocado cultivars; traps baited with phoebe oil lures captured more beetles than those with manuka oil lures (the current monitoring tool). In field and laboratory tests, X. glabratus did not show a preference among avocado races in either attraction or host acceptance (initiation of boring). In choice tests, lychee was more attractive than avocado initially, but a higher percentage of beetles bored into avocado, suggesting that lychee emits more powerful olfactory/visual cues, but that avocado contains more of the secondary cues necessary for host recognition. Emissions of α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene were correlated with field captures, and lychee wood may be a source of additional semiochemicals for X. glabratus.
Environmental drivers of fish functional diversity and composition in the Lower Colorado River Basin

Freshwater conservation efforts require an understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors shape the present-day biogeography of native and non-native species. This knowledge need is especia...
An evaluation of the prevalence of latex sensitivity among atopic and non-atopic intensive care workers.

Background Exposure to latex is known to cause an array of symptoms, including pruritus, dermatitis, erythema, and urticaria. Workers at elevated risk for latex exposure include health care personnel whose repeated patient contact or surgical work require extensive use of latex gloves. This study evaluated the prevalence of latex allergies in atopic and non-atopic intensive care workers and sought to determine the impact of risk factors such as frequency of glove use and hand washing on latex sensitization. Methods We evaluated the prevalence of latex sensitivity in 122 intensive care unit (ICU) workers using a questionnaire and skin prick test. Atopy and latex sensitivity were determined by skin prick test using a battery of common inhalant allergens and an extract prepared from the gloves used in the ICU. Frequency of glove use and hand washing were determined by questionnaire. Results and Conclusions Forty ICU workers (32.8%) were considered atopic by having at least one positive response to the inhalant allergens. Atopic ICU workers were more likely to have positive latex skin test than non-atopic ICU workers (atopic vs. non-atopic workers: p < 0.001, odds ratio = 14.2). Frequency of current glove use or hand washing frequency were not significant predictors of a positive response to latex; however, a positive history of atopic eczema and family history of allergies, as determined by questionnaire were significant predictors of a positive response to latex antigens. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:359–363, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Endotracheal intubation with a video-assisted semi-rigid fiberoptic stylet by prehospital providers

Emergency medical technicians intubate patients in unfamiliar surroundings and with less than ideal positioning. This study was designed to evaluate advanced life support (ALS) emergency medical technicians' (EMTs) ability to successfully intubate a simulated airway using a video-assisted semi-rigid fiberoptic stylet, the Clarus Video System (CVS). ALS EMTs were first shown a brief slideshow and three example videos and then given 20 min to practice intubating a mannequin using both the CVS and standard direct laryngoscopy (DL). The mannequin was then placed on the floor to simulate field intubation at the scene. Each participant was given up to three timed attempts with each technique. Endotracheal tube position was confirmed with visualization by one of the study authors. Comparisons and statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS® Statistics 21 (IBM®). Demographics and survey results were also collected and analyzed. The median total time for intubation was 15.00 s for DL and 15.50 s for CVS revealing no significant difference between the two techniques (p = 0.425), and there was no significant difference in the number of attempts required to successfully place the endotracheal tube (ETT) (p = 0.997). Demographic factors including handedness and eye dominance did not seem to affect outcomes. Participants reported a relatively high level of satisfaction with the CVS. ALS EMTs were able to obtain intubation results similar to those of their usual direct laryngoscopy technique when utilizing a video-assisted semi-rigid fiberoptic stylet with very limited instruction and experience with the device. The CVS technique warrants further study for use as an alternative to DL and video laryngoscopy in the prehospital difficult airway scenario.
Effects of feeding soybean meal with varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling channel catfish

Abstract Uncooked hexane extracted soybean meal was heated for various lengths of time to produce meals with varying trypsin inhibitor activities. Fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were fed 25 and 35% crude protein practical type test diets containing soybean meal with graded levels of trypsin inhibitor activity for 10 weeks. Growth rates and protein efficiency ratio (PER) values were reduced in fish fed raw and inadequately heated soybean meal at both protein levels. These effects were more severe at the lower dietary protein level. Growth rates and PER values improved in each study as the trypsin inhibitor activity of the soybean meal decreased to tolerable levels. Fish fed the 35% crude protein diets appeared to tolerate soybean meal with much higher trypsin inhibitor activity than fish fed the 25% crude protein diets. Even though growth rates and PER values were not significantly different over a rather wide range of dietary trypsin inhibitor activities, the best growth rates were not observed at either protein level until about 83% of the trypsin inhibitor activity in the soybean meal had been destroyed.
A Retrospective Study of Mortality in Pennsylvania Captive White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus): 2000–2003

The postmortem records of 160 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) submitted for necropsy examination from 59 separate Pennsylvania captive deer farms over a 3.5-year period were reviewed to deter- mine the primary cause of death of each animal. The most common causes of death were bronchopneumonia (39 cases), enterocolitis (30 cases), malnutrition (13 cases), and trauma (11 cases). Other causes of mortality included severe gastrointestinal parasitism (6 cases), cellulitis with septicemia (5 cases), degenerative myopathy (4 cases), ruminal acidosis (4 cases), and nephritis (4 cases). The cause of death was undetermined in 13 of the 160 animals. Arcanobacterium pyogenes(19 cases), Fusobacterium necrophorum(10 cases), Escherichia coli (7 cases), and Mannheimia haemolytica (4 cases) were the most commonly isolated bacteria from the pneumonic lungs. Bacterial agents associated with enterocolitis included Clostridium perfringens(15 cases), E. coli (12 cases), and Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis (2 cases). The majority (52.2%) of the death loss in white-tailed deer of known ages occurred in animals 1 year of age or less, with 46.2% of the broncho- pneumonia cases and 50.0% of the enterocolitis cases occurring during this time period. Cases of degenerative myopathy, myocardial degeneration, hepatic necrosis, meningoencephalitis, peritonitis, and urolithiasis consid- ered severe enough to be the primary cause of death appeared early in life, affecting deer 6 months of age or less in all cases. In conclusion, bronchopneumonia, enterocolitis, malnutrition, and trauma were considered the most common causes of death in confined white-tailed deer in this study.
MUTATOR PHENOTYPES CONFERRED BY MLH1 OVEREXPRESSION AND BY HETEROZYGOSITY FOR MLH1 MUTATIONS

Loss of DNA mismatch repair due to mutation or diminished expression of the MLH1 gene is associated with genome instability and cancer. In this study, we used a yeast model system to examine three circumstances relevant to modulation of MLH1 function. First, overexpression of wild-type MLH1 was found to cause a strong elevation of mutation rates at three different loci, similar to the mutator effect of MLH1 gene inactivation. Second, haploid yeast strains with any of six mlh1 missense mutations that mimic germ line mutations found in human cancer patients displayed a strong mutator phenotype consistent with loss of mismatch repair function. Five of these mutations affect amino acids that are homologous to residues suggested by recent crystal structure and biochemical analysis of Escherichia coli MutL to participate in ATP binding and hydrolysis. Finally, using a highly sensitive reporter gene, we detected a mutator phenotype of diploid yeast strains that are heterozygous for mlh1 mutations. Evidence suggesting that this mutator effect results not from reduced mismatch repair in the MLH1/mlh1 cells but rather from loss of the wild-type MLH1 allele in a fraction of cells is presented. Exposure to bleomycin or to UV irradiation strongly enhanced mutagenesis in the heterozygous strain but had little effect on the mutation rate in the wild-type strain. This damage-induced hypermutability may be relevant to cancer in humans with germ line mutations in only one MLH1 allele.
Numerical analysis of crack‐tip fields using the hodograph transformation

A numerical method is discussed for analysis of anti-plane shear crack-tip fields in linear and non-linear materials, including possible anisotropy. The method is based on the hodograph transformation. It allows efficient computation of singular stress fields because the transformed partial differential equation to be solved numerically is linear. The inversion of the transformation is also done numerically. The method is promising for the study of localizations, since regions with the largest stress gradients are automatically discretized with the finest mesh owing to the nature of the transformation.
Investigation of the impact of Al mole-fraction on the consequences of RF stress on Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N/GaN MODFETs

Variations of the low-frequency noise (LFN), power, and dc characteristics of a variety of SiN/sub x/ passivated AlGaN/GaN MODFETs with different values of Al mole-fraction, gate length, and gate drain spacing upon RF stress are investigated. It is experimentally evidenced that the variation of Al mole-fraction (x) of the barrier Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N layer from 0.2 to 0.4, has no considerable impact on the drain and gate low-frequency noise current characteristics. The most noticeable variation on the device characteristics upon long-term RF stressing has been on the pinch-off voltage. Although no material degradation by increasing the Al mole-fraction has been evidenced through the low-frequency noise data, it is observed that the variation of pinch-off voltage upon RF stressing becomes more important as the Al mole-fraction increases.
Just how real is the SIA roadmap

We debate the potential rocks listed in the Test section of The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 1997. The 1997 Test Roadmap changed dramatically the numbers presented in the 1994 Test Roadmap. We can still question the speeds, currents, DFT and pins in the Roadmap. At the same time, we question is it real and what is our future? What we need to think of as challenges is not the lines in the roadmap, but the directions, walls and methods to get around those lines. In much the same way as testers evolved from shared resource to per pin architecture, we need to adapt to the needs of the roadmap. Either find ways to achieve the timing, power, and costs or someone else will do it for us. That someone could be circuit design, process design or a completely new test paradigm.
Influence of glycogen storage on vascular smooth muscle metabolism.

The role of glycogen as an oxidative substrate for vascular smooth muscle (VSM) remains controversial. To elucidate the importance of glycogen as an oxidative substrate and the influence of glycoge...
Transfer ribonucleic acid methylases of bone. Studies on vitamin A and D deficiency

Methods were devised for the assay of tRNA methylases of rat bone. The activities of bone tRNA methylases are similar to those from other mammalian tissues. However, unlike reports on liver methylases, no inhibitors were found in the supernatant fraction from pH5 precipitate of bone extracts. The effects of vitamins A and D on the methylation of tRNA by cell-free extracts of rat bone were studied. Deficiency of either vitamin resulted in a decrease in the rate and extent of tRNA methylation, whereas the administration of vitamin A to hypovitaminotic-A rats and vitamin D to hypovitaminotic-D rats increased the rate and extent of tRNA methylation. These effects appear to be apart from changes in ribonuclease activity or in concentrations of calcium or magnesium. No evidence of inhibitors of tRNA methylases was found in bone extracts from vitamin-deficient rats nor of activators in bone extracts from deficient rats given vitamin A or D. The pattern of tRNA methylation under conditions of vitamin A or D deficiency was not changed, suggesting a generalized cellular deficiency. It was of significance to find that the specificity for methylation of specific bases in tRNA was different after the administration of vitamin A as contrasted with the effects of vitamin D. The possible significance of tRNA methylation to the biochemical action of the vitamins on bone is discussed.
Land access and resettlement: a guide to best practice, by Gerry Reddy, Eddie Smyth, and Michael Steyn

One of the consequences of major projects such as large-scale mining, oil and gas exploration, and roads and dam construction is the need to resettle large numbers of people and wildlife. For insta...
The Relative Productivity of American Distribution, 1869-1992

Using quantitative data on sectoral productivity and labor force shares, this paper assesses distribution's contribution to growth in aggregate output per worker between 1869 and 1992, speculates about performance during the prior two decades, and explores the implications and determinants of these trends within a broader technological, organizational, and legal framework.
Overview of clinical trials of influenza vaccines, 1976.

The National Influenza Immunization Program included a Presidential directive to provide A/ New Jersey/76 vaccine for all citizens and to immunize as many persons as possible. Before a vaccine could be offered on such a scale, it was necessary to obtain clinical data on the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of this vaccine before final recommendations could be made regarding dosage and formulation. This task was assigned to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The Infectious
The Influence of High Level Jet on Dust Transportation in a Sandstorm Process

Through the simulations of GRAPES_SDM sandstorm model to a strong sandstorm process in north of China during April 28-30 in 2011,the influence of High-Level Jet on dust transportation was analyzed.It was showed that:(1)The GRAPES_SDM model simulated successfully the range and center of the sandstorm process,the total simulation effect was good.(2)The occurrence time and movement path of sand weather were in accordance with the increase and movement of High-Level Jet at 200 hPa.(3)The increase of strong zonal wind speed in high level could brought about the development of vertical circulation cell in mid-low level,and the sinking branch of the circulation cell brought the high-level momentum to near surface,and then the strong wind,sand-blowing and sandstorm appeared.The center of strong sandstorm was at the sinking branch of the vertical circulation cell.(4)The path to underneath of high value region of potential vorticity was coincident relatively with the isoline dense zone of zonal wind in the north of High-Level Jet.Through the analysis on the dynamical and thermal vertical cross-section along High-Level Jet axes,we also discussed the probable mechanism of the influence of High-Level Jet on large range sand weather.
Multi-target anti-inflammatory action of hepatocyte growth factor.

Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine multifunctional pleiotropic cytokine. HGF has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activity in several animal models of disease and multiple organ systems. HGF suppresses inflammation by targeting multiple pathophysiological processes involved in inflammatory response, including activation of parenchymal cells, microvascular endothelial dysfunction, and leukocyte extravasation and chemotaxis. Mechanistically, this anti-inflammatory action functions by intercepting NFkappaB signaling and subsequently disrupting the expression of NFkappaB-dependent proinflammatory mediators. Thus, HGF might represent a novel integrated multiple-target approach to suppress inflammation and to lower the risk of complications from inflammatory injury.
Spatial Correlation Tests of Fixed Effect Spatial Error Components Model

We studied spatial correlation tests of fixed effect spatial error components(SEC) model,including marginal tests,conditional tests and transformed tests.Monte Carlo simulation experiments prove that transformed tests have smaller level tortuosity and predominant power;what's more,they will not be affected by fixed effect,and these advantages make them perfect tests in practical econometric analysis.The small sample performance of transformed tests will be affected slightly by spatial weight matrixes and N\\T.Queen-Type matrixes and larger sample will increase power of marginal tests,but they lead to larger level tortuosity.
Influence of Watching DV Films of Earthquake on College Students

[Objective]To realize the present degrees of the posttraumatic stress disorder of the college students from the areas where the May 12 earthquake took place,so as to provide reference for further consultation or treatment.[Methods]Firstly,the mental health of 45 college students from the disaster-stricken areas was assessed by BAI and SCL-90;then,the DV films on the May 12 earthquake were watched,after this,the mental health were tested again by the above 2 inventories.[Results]The difference of anxiety was significant before and after film watching,The number of anxiety positive raised from 0 to 11 after film watching.The differences of interpersonal relationship,terror,additional factors,anxiety and depression were significant(P0.05,P0.01),after the standardized screening,the number of students who scored 3 or more raised from 3 to 28 after film watching.[Conclusion]The college students from disaster-stricken areas have serious posttraumatic stress disorder.Longterm mental therapy and social help should be given to them.
Investigating IT Standardization Process Through the Lens of Theory of Communicative Action

Developing standards is a social practice wherein experts engage in discussions to evaluate design solutions. In this paper, we analyze processes followed to develop SOAP standard from the theory of communicative action perspective, which argues that individuals engaged in social discourse would exhibit five possible actions: instrumental, strategic, normatively regulated, dramaturgical, and communicative. Our findings reveal that participants in standardization processes engage in communicative action most frequently with aim of reaching mutual understanding and consensus, engage in strategic action when influencing others towards their intended goals, engage in instrumental action when taking responsibility for solving technical issues, engage in dramaturgical action when expressing their opinions, and engage in normatively regulated action when performing roles they assumed. Our analysis indicates that 60 % of activities performed are consensus oriented whereas the rest are success oriented. This paper provides empirical evidence for Habermasian view of social actions occurring in the standardization process setting.
Review of The Exquisite Corpse of Asian America: Biopolitics, Biosociality, and Posthuman Ecologies by Rachel C. Lee (New York: New York University Press, 2014).

Review of The Exquisite Corpse of Asian America: Biopolitics, Biosociality, and Posthuman Ecologies by Rachel C. Lee (New York: New York University Press, 2014).
Cerebrovascular Variants in Posterior Circulation: A Potential Cause of Essential Hypertension.

Ever since the identification of hypertension around 150 years ago, researchers have struggled to find its cause(s) with only minor successes.1 Essential, or primary, or idiopathic hypertension is historically defined as a rise in blood pressure (BP) without any known causes, which still accounts for ≈95% of all hypertension.2 Whereas multiple risk factors for hypertension, including genetic variations, obesity, insulin resistance, high alcohol intake, and stress, have been identified, primary causes for hypertension remain elusive. Also, the predictive factors for its development are unclear.3–5 Given that essential hypertension is one of the major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, uncovering its possible root causative mechanism(s) would have a tremendous public health impact, including prediction or even prevention of the development of the disease. Furthermore, hypertension is refractory to treatment in ≤20% to 30% of cases despite the availability of numerous classes of antihypertensives, and finding primary cause could improve treatment of refractory hypertension.6 Renovascular disease is a well-described cause of hypertension, which is caused by the increase in renin secretion with subsequent increase in angiotensin and aldosterone but is found to be a primary cause in a minority of cases.7 While there is evidence for the involvement of elevated sympathetic nerve activity, the initiating cause has not been established.8 Early on, one of the proposed pathologic hypotheses has been that the increase in BP is an essential response to thickened and narrowed blood vessels to provide more blood supply to organs. This line of pathologic investigation has been mired in the classic difficulty of determining if …
Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Final Results.

Abstract Many patients with NHL suffer from refractory or relapsed disease, and platinum-based combination therapy is widely used for salvage therapy. Oxaliplatin, a novel platinum derivative, is a more potent cytotoxic agent than cisplatin, demonstrating greater efficacy against many tumor cell lines, including lymphoma cell lines. Clinical studies of oxaliplatin for other malignancies have shown a favorable toxicity profile. The objective of this phase II trial was to investigate the activity of oxaliplatin in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Patients with measurable NHL who had experienced failure of one or more prior chemotherapy regimens were considered eligible. They were required to have an ECOG performance status £ 2 and adequate organ function. Patients were excluded if they had HIV infection, CNS lymphoma, or had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to entering the study. All patients gave their written informed consent to participate. Oxaliplatin was administered at 130 mg/m2 every 21 days for up to six cycles in the absence of progression. Thirty-one patients (23 with aggressive NHL, 8 with indolent NHL) were enrolled on this trial. Thirty eligible patients received oxaliplatin, who were all assessable for toxicity. Response and survival were also analyzed in all 30 patients based on intention to treat analysis. The median patient age was 62 years, and most of the patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. The most common toxic effect was sensory neuropathy (87%). Grade 3 and 4 toxic effects included sensory neuropathy (10%), neutropenia (17%), and thrombocytopenia (20%). Objective responses occurred in 8 (27%) of the patients: 7 with aggressive NHL, 1 with indolent NHL. The median failure-free survival duration in the entire group, aggressive NHL group and indolent NHL group was 3.0, 2.1 and 4.0 months, respectively. It is noteworthy that three of the five patients with MCL (60%) had a significant response to oxaliplatin, including two CRus, with a median FFS duration of 5 months. When patient group is divided by IPI score (0/1 and 2 /3), the median FFS duration was 3.4 months and 2.6 months, respectively. Median response duration for entire group was 3.0 months. In summary, oxaliplatin has modest activity in patients with previously treated NHL, especially those with aggressive disease. The favorable toxicity profile of oxaliplatin warrants further investigation of it either in combination chemotherapy or with targeted biologic therapy.
Integrated artificial saturable absorber based on Kerr nonlinearity in silicon nitride

An integrated artificial fast saturable absorber at 1.9 μm is demonstrated in a CMOS-compatible process. It is based on the Kerr effect in a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder Interferometer using silicon nitride waveguides embedded in SiO 2 .
Endocrine complications of AIDS and drug addiction.

The endocrine and metabolic consequences of illicit drug use and HIV disease are extensive and profound. Both narcotic drug use and AIDS have the capacity to cause clinically significant multiglandular derangements. Although the exact biologic mechanisms are unclear, many of the biochemical aberrancies have clinical relevance. In this context, an appropriate level of suspicion is warranted, because the clinical picture of HIV disease or drug abuse overlaps greatly with many of the clinical signs/symptoms of endocrine/metabolic dysfunction. Clearly, attention should be directed to correcting the undesirable effects of HIV-related therapies and treating any underlying opportunistic infection that invariably accompanies HIV disease progression. Given the expanding role of drug abuse upon the prevalence of AIDS in the United States, clinicians must be cognizant that some of the endocrine consequences may be due to the acute or chronic pharmacologic effects of narcotic drug use.