cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental Origins of Perfectionism Among African American Youth

The present study used a person-centered latent variable approach to classify types of perfectionism among 6th-grade African American children living in an urban setting. In particular, the authors were interested in determining whether an adaptive subtype could be found and validated against external criteria. The authors also attempted to identify any developmental precursors that could reliably differentiate the perfectionist subtypes. A social learning and competence framework was used to select potential 1st-grade risk and protective factors for future perfectionism profiles. Four classes best described the children's perfectionism scores in 6th grade. Three of these classes resembled the profiles most commonly seen in prior perfectionism research (Non-Critical/Adaptive, Critical/Maladaptive, and Non-Perfectionist). The fourth class, Non-Striving, was characterized by extremely low levels of reported personal standards. Sixth-grade correlates confirmed the distinctiveness of these classes. In particular, the Critical/Maladaptive and Non-Striving classes had higher rates of internalizing symptoms and disorders. Additionally, several 1st-grade predictors suggested unique developmental origins of these classes. The Critical/Maladaptive class was characterized by lower academic skills and elevated teacher-rated attention problems, hyperactivity, shyness, and peer rejection. The Non-Striving class had higher rates of family alcohol problems and lower levels of parent praise. Implications regarding the universal and culture-specific origins and effects of perfectionism are discussed.
A recalibration of the absolute magnitudes of supergiants.

Since luminosities of the supergiants are obtained most accurately by the group membership method, the study employed distance moduli of stellar groups that were determined from the magnitudes of the B-type main sequence stars using an extinction ratio of 3.0. For the supergiants, this ratio was taken to be a function of the spectral type following Schmidt-Kaler (1965) and Lee (1970). Supergiant data used in the construction of mean absolute magnitudes are discussed. In contrast to previous calibrations, no significant trend of visual absolute magnitude within a spectral subclass was found for the supergiants. Significant differences in some MK classes were observed between the results presented and the results of Blaauw and Schmidt-Kaler.
Making the World More Relevant for Students: Role Playing Exercises for the Classroom

As our world grows more complex and difficult to understand, perhaps we benefit best by looking at it through different lenses and at different angles. Since “accidents” of our birth and upbringing leave us predisposed to adopt only one perspective and to be certain that we have the best view, it is even more important that we consciously identify and separately consider a variety of viewpoints. As everyone knows reading a concept in a book or even viewing someone else demonstrating it is quite different than actively participating in the conduct of such a concept. This essay is a collection of our own classroom simulations developed for the purpose of furthering this educational endeavor.
Arteriovenous grafts are associated with earlier catheter removal and fewer catheter days in the United States Renal Data System population

Objective Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are associated with improved long-term outcomes but longer maturation times and higher primary failure rates compared with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). The Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative has recently emphasized tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) avoidance. We sought to characterize the relationship of AVFs and AVGs to the use of TDCs as well as secondary procedures. Methods Using the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) database, we identified incident hemodialysis (HD) patients in 2005 that started HD with a TDC and survived at least 1 year. We then monitored them through 2008. Access creation, TDC removal, TDC placement, and secondary procedures were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes (American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the primary end points. Results In 2005, HD was initiated in 56,495 patients, 74% with a TDC. Of these, 6286 had an access procedure ≤3 months and 1 year of follow-up (AVF, 4634; AVG, 1652). Mean age was 67.7 years (AVF, 67.3; AVG, 68.7 years; P P P = not significant). AVG placement was associated with a higher TDC removal at 1 (7.9% vs 3.1%; P P P P = .06). The median time to TDC removal was lower in the AVG group (70 days vs 155 days; P P P P Conclusions In patients starting dialysis with a TDC, AVGs are associated with increased TDC removal and fewer catheter days compared with AVFs at up to 6 months. However, AVGs require more secondary procedures at all time points up to 1 year.
Cranial asymmetry with massive infection in a box turtle.

A captured box turtle, Terrapene carolina, was found to have a large swelling on the neck, the result of a massive, mixed bacterial infection of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, and a non-pigmented strain of Pseudomonas. A well-defined caseous mass between the superficial and deep cervical muscles was surrounded by purulent material. An eroded squamosal bone allowed purulent material to gain access to the pharynx. The skull was markedly asymmetrical, due primarily to left squamosal enlargement. Initial entry of the pathogens via pharyngeal trauma is suggested.
SUSTAINABLE STRUCTURAL DESIGN: LESSONS FROM HISTORY

As we begin to address the issues of sustainability in the design of infrastructure, historical case studies can illustrate successful and unsuccessful designs. This paper presents two sustainable ...
The effects of phencyclidine on fighting in differentially housed mice

Abstract The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on the fighting of individually housed male mice were examined (1) after different lenghts (5–35 days) of individual housing, and (2) in mice of different ages (35, 70 or 170 days old) at the onset of individual housing. Significant increases in the total time spent fighting in a 10-minute aggression test were observed at 19–21 and 32–35 days of individual housing with 1.25 mg/kg PCP and at 10 and 32–35 days with 2.50 mg/kg PCP. Relative to control groups, the percentage of mice fighting after 19–21 and 32–35 days of individual housing was significantly decreased with 2.5 mg/kg. At 1.25 mg/kg, PCP increased total fighting time and decreased the latency to the first fight in mice at 35 or 70, but not 170 days of age at the onset of individual housing. No increases in motor activity in individually housed mice were recorded at these doses. These results suggest that PCP may facilitate fighting in mice when individually housed for a minimum of 10 days.
The rules of abstraction

Friedrich Hayek’s work on spontaneous order suggests that the emergence of a spontaneous order requires the existence of abstract rules of conduct. But how much abstraction is required? Abstraction exists on a gradient, from the highest specificity (pertaining to particular persons and narrowly defined circumstances) to the highest generality (pertaining to all persons in all circumstances). If rules create order by coordinating expectations, either end of the spectrum is undesirable; the most specific and the most abstract rules fail to provide decision makers with useful guidance. This article argues that rules that foster coordination must be characterized by an intermediate degree of abstraction. This conclusion will be explained and applied to law, language, and etiquette in order to draw out the similar character of rules across various contexts. The article concludes by discussing four properties that rules of intermediate abstraction must also possess to foster spontaneous order.
The heavy component of the primary cosmic radiation during solar maximum

The heavy component of the primary cosmic radiation was studied at geomagnetic latitude 55° N at a time of solar maximum. The total flux was found to be down by a factor of about two, compared to the results obtained during solar minimum, but the charge spectrum was found to be the same, to within experimental errors. The extrapolated fluxes at the top of the atmosphere were found to be: (3.08±0.64) part./m2 sr s for 3⩽Z⩽5; (8.26±0.82) part./m2 sr s for 6⩽Z⩽9; and (2.96±0.49) part./m2 sr s for 10⩽Z. When this work was combined with that of other experimentalists obtained at different latitudes and compared to the data obtained at solar minimum, the change in the integral spectrum was found to be in fair agreement with the predictions of an electric deceleration modulating mechanism.
A state roadway incident e-detection and e-characterisation system

The purpose of this research was to develop a computer-based road incident detection and characterisation system. It was designed for incorporation and enhancement of an existing traffic monitoring system used by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) Based on the requirements, a fuzzy logic approach was selected and adapted as the algorithmic processor for the decision support system. A working prototype system was then constructed in the first phase of development. This paper focuses on the second phase, primarily the expansion and evaluation of the road incident characterisation and re-routing capabilities.
Factors influencing the chromatographic analysis of 2,2′-O-cyclocytidine

Abstract The analysis of cyclocytidine using radioactive tracer techniques coupled with instant thin-layer chromatography depends upon maintaining the stability of the compound throughout the analysis. At pH 7.0 or below cyclocytidine is stable in phosphate, citrate, and formate buffer, but the addition of heavy metal ions to these buffers may yield unstable conditions. The data emphasize the need for carefully controlled conditions in the analysis of cyclocytidine. In general, the data are in agreement with previous reports in that cyclocytidine is hydrolyzed to arabinosylcytosine in alkaline solutions. Based upon the experiments reported herein, we suggest that the hydrolysis of cyclocytidine is non-enzymatic, and that a number of factors related to sample handling and chromatographic conditions will influence the rate of hydrolysis.
Measurements in support of wind farm simulations and power forecasts: The Crop/Wind-energy Experiments (CWEX)

The Midwest US currently is experiencing a large build-out of wind turbines in areas where the nocturnal low-level jet (NLLJ) is a prominent and frequently occurring feature. We describe shear characteristics of the NLLJ and their influence on wind power production. Reports of individual turbine power production and concurrent measurements of near-surface thermal stratification are used to turbine wake interactions and turbine interaction with the overlying atmosphere. Progress in forecasting conditions such as wind ramps and shear are discussed. Finally, the pressure perturbation introduced by a line of turbines produces surface flow convergence that may create a vertical velocity and hence a mesoscale influence on cloud formation by a wind farm.
Necessary Directions for Anthropological Research on Child Care in the United States

There has been little qualitative research done by anthropologists and sociologists on formal and informal American child-care arrangements. This paper suggests directions for research in ways that are useful for theory and relevant to policy and program. Research topics should include: ascertaining informal child-care arrangements such as babysitting and sibling care; comparative ethnographies of different types of centers; eliciting the ways in which center operations affect the experience of the child; analyzing staff-parent mediation practices; and ascertaining the ways in which government and agency, through supervision and intervention, affect center operations. Results would help in the development of appropriate policy for each of the participants involved. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, SOCIALIZATION, UNITED STATES, POLICY AND PROGRAM RESEARCH, LOCAL POLITICS.
Deep circulations under simple classes of stratification

Deep circulations, where the motion field is vertically aligned over one or more scale heights, are considered within the framework of the Primitive Equations in three dimensions. Important in both tropospheric and stratospheric applications, such motions are admitted by special classes of stratification, where two families of thermodynamic surfaces are not completely independent, as is true under generally baroclinic conditions. Under barotropic and equivalent barotropic stratifications, the number of degrees of freedom are reduced by one, so that the attending circulations are governed by a two-dimensional reduction of the full primitive equations. The reduced two-dimensional equations governing these motions are derived from the three-dimensional primitive equations in spherical geometry. In so doing, a mapping is established between the full primitive equations and a reduced two-dimensional system, under these special classes of stratification. Very little approximation is required in the derivation of this system, particularly within the framework of isentropic coordinates. Although not strictly equal to the shallow water equations, the reduced set is of the same general form and therefore is amenable to the same methods of solution. Moreover, while the shallow water equations serve as a heuristic analogue of atmospheric behavior, the equivalent barotropic system derived here explicitly represents atmospheric variables. The equivalent depth, an arbitrary parameter in the shallow water equations, emerges implicitly in the derivation of this system, which obeys a conservation principle analogous to Ertel's theorem for three-dimensional flow. Owing to its correspondence to the full primitive equations, the equivalent barotropic system provides a physical basis for carrying out two-dimensional integrations (e.g., detailed transport calculations of very high resolution) to investigate deep atmospheric motions. The reduced system also provides a natural framework for investigating the behavior of total column abundances of atmospheric constituents, e.g., total ozone, measured by satellite. Although the immediate application of this system is to study barotropic circulations, because temperature variations along a lower bounding material surface are fully accounted for, the reduced system may be attractive for investigating a wider class of motions, e.g., baroclinic disturbances where the heat flux is confined to the surface. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1989.tb00365.x
Toxicological Determination of Benzodiazepines in Biological Fluids and Tissues by Flame-Ionization Gas Chromatography

A method is presented for the routine determination for toxicological purposes of the common benzodlazepines In biological fluids and tissues. The procedure makes use of flameionization gas-liquid chromatography without prior derlvatlzation of the drugs, and it employs prazepam as an Internal standard. Diazepam, nordlazepam, flurazepam, desalkylflurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and oxazepam may be Identified and quantitated at concentrations of 0.2 ug/ml or greater. A thin-layer chromatographic technique has been Included for the purposes of confirming the Identity of the drugs analyzed with this procedure.
The centimeter-wavelength opacity of ammonia under deep jovian conditions

Abstract Extensive measurements of the centimeter-wavelength opacity of ammonia have been conducted under simulated deep jovian conditions using an ultra-high-pressure measurement system built at Georgia Tech. Over 1000 measurements of the opacity of ammonia have been conducted in the 5–20 cm wavelength range under simulated jovian conditions (pressures ranging from 0.05 to 99 bars, temperatures from 330 to 500 K) in a hydrogen–helium atmosphere. These and previous measurements conducted by Hanley et al. (Hanley et al. [2009]. Icarus, 202, 316–355) and Devaraj et al. (Devaraj et al. [2011]. Icarus, 212, 224–235) have been used to empirically derive a consistent ammonia opacity model for the 2 mm–20 cm wavelength range under the pressure and temperature conditions characteristic of the middle and deep jovian atmosphere. This model can be used reliably in the millimeter-wavelength range up to 3 bars of pressure and temperatures up to 300 K and in the centimeter-wavelength range up to 100 bars of pressure and temperatures up to 500 K. In addition, over 800 measurements of the 5–20 cm wavelength opacity of ammonia pressure-broadened by water vapor, hydrogen and helium have been conducted under simulated deep jovian conditions for the first time to study the influence of water vapor on the ammonia absorption spectrum. Based on these measurements, a new model has been developed. These laboratory data and the model show that water vapor has a measurable effect on the opacity of ammonia under jovian conditions. The laboratory study and the models will help to improve our understanding of centimeter-wavelength absorption by ammonia in the jovian planets in general, and specifically, will improve retrievals of ammonia and water vapor from the Juno microwave radiometer (MWR) at Jupiter.
Causation and effectuation processes: A validation study

Abstract We develop and validate measures of causation and effectuation approaches to new venture creation and test our measures with two samples of entrepreneurs in young firms. Our measure of causation is a well-defined and coherent uni-dimensional construct. We propose that effectuation is a formative, multidimensional construct with three associated sub-dimensions (experimentation, affordable loss, and flexibility) and one dimension shared with the causation construct (pre-commitments). As specified by Sarasvathy (2001), we also show that causation is negatively associated with uncertainty, while experimentation, a sub-dimension of effectuation, is positively correlated with uncertainty. The major contribution is the resulting validated scales that measure causation and effectuation.
Inpatient and day hospital treatment services for cocaine and alcohol dependence

Abstract We compared the treatment services provided male cocaine and alcohol dependent patients in a one month day hospital and a one month inpatient rehabilitation program. The quantity of medical, employment, alcohol, drug, legal, family/social, and psychiatric treatments were ascertained using the recently developed Treatment Services Review instrument. The day hospital program provided more drug and alcohol treatments to alcoholic patients than the inpatient program, but the inpatient program provided more employment services. By contrast, the inpatient program provided more alcohol, medical, employment, and psychiatric services to cocaine dependent patients, although more drug treatments were provided by the day hospital. The day hospital also appeared to provide a greater differentiation of services for the two patient groups than the inpatient program. The evidence provides interesting information concerning the nature of treatments provided by different programs and also supports the validity and utility of the TSR as a measure of treatment provided.
False-negative barium enema in patients with sigmoid cancer and coexistent diverticula

The false-negative rate of barium enema examinations for the recognition of polypoid sigmoid cancer was evaluated in 167 patients with histologically proven carcinoma. The cases were classified according to the coexistence of sigmoid diverticula. In patients with less than 15 diverticula, 3.1% of lesions were missed, while in those with more than 15 diverticula, 20.4% of tumors were undetected. The overall error rate was 7.2%. Extensive diverticulosis is an important factor limiting the sensitivity of barium enema examinations for the evaluation of sigmoid masses.
Construction of chicken x human microcell hybrids for human gene targeting

Human chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 11 were tagged with pSV2 neo and transferred via microcell fusion from mouse A9 human monochromosomal hybrids to a chicken pre-B cell line, DT40, proficient for homologous recombination. Hybrids containing two copies of human chromosome 11 were transfected with targeting vectors containing a mammalian selectable gene with either the D11S16 or HRAS genomic sequences corresponding to two different chromosome 11 loci. Analysis of stable transfectants showed a high frequency (approximately 80%) of targeted integration of these constructs into each of the homologous loci of human chromosome 11 in DT40 hybrids. The results suggest that any human genomic sequences on human chromosomes transferred into DT40 cells could be targeted at high frequency, thereby allowing for subsequent modification of human genes and chromosomes.
A tabular comparative histology of the liver.

A search of the morphological literature for comparisons with what a general histological survey has revealed in the liver of Terrapene carolina unearthed many unusual structures and arrangements: unusual in being other than what is seen in the mammalian species, such as rat and man, subject to most current hepatological study. What these structural specializations mean is unknown or speculative, but their significance may eventually prove to conflict with or modify some of the ideas derived from the well-spring of mammalian experimentation.Given the immense number of vertebrate species and the diversity of hepatic microstructure among the relatively few examined, terms such as “typical” and “usual”, in logic, are unfounded. Nevertheless, some forms are met more often than others, and serve as the arbitrary point for designating departures. This contrivance may work for the mammals, but the piscine liver is very variable, and the few livers viewed in the other classes cannot indicate which, if any, scheme is predominant, and, moreover, reveal a notable intra-specific diversity.The departures from the general state are set out in four tables, followed by comments. The variations are subdivided by vertebrate class, given no weighting, and are accepted as described by the various authors. (Table 5 presents proponents of a tubular architecture for the hepatocytic units of certain non-mammals.) The lists are neither exhaustive, nor always precise in attributing priority of observation, since the aim is to call attention to the extent and kind of microscopical variation in a format that can be readily scanned and amended.
Identification of critical batch operating parameters in fed-batch recombinant E. coli fermentations using decision tree analysis.

To develop a useful fermentation process model, it is first necessary to identify which batch operating parameters are critical in determining the process outcome. To identify critical processing inputs in large databases, we have explored the use of Decision Tree Analysis with the decision metrics of Gain (i.e., Shannon Entropy changes), Gain Ratio, and a multiple hypergeometric distribution. The usefulness of this approach lies in its ability to treat "categorical" variables, which are typical of archived fermentation databases, as well as "continuous" variables. In this work, we demonstrate the use of Decision Tree Analysis for the problem of optimizing recombinant green fluorescent protein production in E. coli. A database of 85 fermentations was generated to examine the effect of 15 process input parameters on final biomass yield, maximum recombinant protein concentration, and productivity. The use of Decision Tree Analysis led to a considerable reduction in the fermentation database through the identification of the significant as well as insignificant inputs. However, different decision metrics selected different inputs and different numbers of inputs to classify the data for each output.
Stable association complex electrospray mass spectrometry for the determination of cyanuric acid.

Cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, has gained interest as a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as simazine and atrazine. This paper investigates the determination of cyanuric acid by stable association complex electrospray mass spectrometry (cESI-MS). The cyanuric acid is extracted from the water through a microscale liquid-liquid extraction. The extract is evaporated to dryness, and an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant is added. When injected into the electrospray mass spectrometer, the surfactant and the cyanuric acid form a mass-selective stable association complex, which may be used for confident quantification of cyanuric acid. Several extraction solvents and surfactants were investigated. These studies provide insight into the mechanism of electrospray for the formation of these complexes, specifically with regard to the surface activity of the different surfactants and the chemistry of the surfactant-cyanuric acid complexes. From an analytical standpoint, the cESI-MS method detection limit for extraction of a 1 mL aqueous solution of cyanuric acid was 130 μg/L based on 3.14σ n − 1 of seven replicate injections. Standard additions were used for quantification of eight aqueous samples. The cyanuric acid concentrations determined with cESI-MS were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level to those determined by conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A recovery of 100% from a fortified urine sample illustrates the robustness of the technique.
Bloody Promenade: Reflections on a Civil War Battle

On 5 and 6 May 1864, the Union and Confederate armies met near an unfinished railroad in central Virginia, with Lee outmanned and outgunned, hoping to force Grant to fight in the woods. The name of the battle Wilderness suggests the horror of combat at close quarters and an inability to see the whole field of engagement, even from a distance. Indeed, the battle is remembered for its brutality and ultimate futility for Lee: even with 26,000 casualties on both sides, the Wilderness only briefly stemmed Grant's advance.Stephen Cushman lives fifty miles south of this battlefield. A poet and professor of American literature, he wrote Bloody Promenade to confront the fractured legacy of a battle that haunts him through its very proximity to his everyday life. Cushman's personal narrative is not another history of the battle. "If this book is a history of anything," he writes, "it's the history of verbal and visual images of a single, particularly awful moment in the American Civil War." Reflecting on that moment can begin in the present, with the latest film or reenactment, but it leads Cushman back to materials from the past. Writing in an informal, first-person style, he traces his own fascination with the conflict to a single book, a pictorial history he read as a boy. His abiding interest and poetic sensibility yield a fresh perspective on the war's continuing grip on Americans how it pervades our lives through films and songs; novels such as The Red Badge of Courage, The Killer Angels, and Cold Mountain; Whitman's poetry and Winslow Homer's painting; or the pull of the abstract idea of the triumph of freedom.With maps and a brief discussion of the Battle of the Wilderness for those not familiar with the landscape and actors, Bloody Promenade provides a personal tour of one of the most savage engagements of the Civil War, then offers a lively discussion of its aftermath."
Growth effects of methylphenidate among childhood cancer survivors: a 12-month case-matched open-label study.

Background To investigate the effect of stimulant medication [methylphenidate (MPH)] on growth patterns among survivors of childhood cancer (acute lymphoblastic leukemia or brain tumor). Procedure Using a case-matched comparison design, childhood cancer survivors participating in a 12-month open-label MPH trial (n = 51) were compared with childhood cancer survivors not taking MPH (n = 51). Measures of body mass index (BMI), height, and weight were obtained at hospital visits and corrected for gender and age using Centers for Disease Control normative data. Results Significant deceleration of BMI and weight, but not height, was observed during the 12-month MPH trial for those children taking MPH. Conclusions Childhood cancer survivors taking MPH experience significant, though modest, deceleration of BMI and weight across the first year of MPH intervention. The absence of height deceleration, and the presence of only modest BMI and weight deceleration, suggests that MPH is reasonably well tolerated by childhood cancer survivors with respect to growth. Such findings are encouraging in light of increasing evidence that MPH mitigates some of the cognitive late-effects of cancer treatments. Nevertheless, on a case-by-case basis, clinicians should balance the intended benefits of MPH with potential growth effects in this vulnerable population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:39–43. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A mathematical model for variation in water-retention curves among sandy soils

Equations were developed to predict soil matric potential as a function of soil water content, texture and bulk density in sandy soils. The equations were based on the additivity hypothesis - that water-retention of a whole soil depends on the proportions of several particle size fractions, each with fixed water-retention characteristics. The new model is an advancement over previously published models in that it embodies three basic properties of water-retention curves: a) matric potential is zero at saturation water content, b) matric potential approaches -∞ as water content approaches zero, and c) volumetric water content in dry soil is proportional to bulk density. Values of model parameters were taken from the literature, or estimated by fitting model predictions to data for sandy soils with low organic matter content. Most of the variation in water-release curves in the calibration data was explained by texture, with negligible effects of bulk density and sand particle size. The model predicted that variation in clay content among soils within the sand and loamy sand textural classes had substantial effects on water-retention curves. An understanding of how variation in texture among sandy soils contributes to matric potential is necessary for interpreting biological activity in arid environments.
Preintervention arterial remodeling as an independent predictor of target-lesion revascularization after nonstent coronary intervention: an analysis of 777 lesions with intravascular ultrasound imaging.

Background —Pathological and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have documented arterial remodeling during atherogenesis. However, the impact of this remodeling process on the long-term outcome after percutaneous intervention is unknown. Methods and Results —We used preintervention IVUS to define positive and negative/intermediate remodeling in a total of 777 lesions in 715 patients treated with nonstent techniques. Positive remodeling (lesion external elastic membrane area greater than average reference) was present in 313 lesions; intermediate/negative remodeling (lesion external elastic membrane area less than or equal to reference) was present in the other 464. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar, except for a slightly higher percentage of insulin-dependent diabetic patients (10.2% versus 6.1%; P =0.054) in the negative/intermediate-remodeling group. Angiographic success and in-hospital and short-term complications were comparable in the 2 groups. There was no significant correlation between remodeling (as a continuous variable) and final lumen area ( r =0.06) or final lesion plaque burden ( r =0.17). At 18±13 months of clinical follow-up, both groups had similar rates of death and Q-wave myocardial infarction: 3.4% and 2.5% for the negative/intermediate-remodeling group versus 2.7% and 2.7% for the positive-remodeling group. However, the target-lesion revascularization (TLR) rate was 20.2% for the negative/intermediate-remodeling group versus 31.2% for the positive-remodeling group ( P =0.007), and remodeling, as a continuous variable, was strongly correlated with probability of TLR ( P =0.0001). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes (OR=2.3), left anterior descending artery location (OR=1.8), and remodeling (OR=5.9) were independent predictors of TLR. Conclusions —Positive lesion-site remodeling is associated with a higher long-term TLR after a nonstent interventional procedure. Thus, long-term clinical outcome appears to be determined in part by preintervention lesion characteristics.
Polarization of 22 MeV neutrons elastically scattered from liquid tritium

Abstract The asymmetries from T ( n , n ) T elastic scattering of 22.1 MeV incident neutrons was measured for 11 laboratory angles between 40° and 118.5°. The extrema are −60% at 85° (lab) and +98% at 110° (lab).
Nuclear Receptor Coactivator-6 Attenuates Uterine Estrogen Sensitivity to Permit Embryo Implantation

Uterine receptivity to embryo implantation is coordinately regulated by 17β-estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)). Although increased E(2) sensitivity causes infertility, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of E(2) sensitivity are unknown. We show that nuclear receptor coactivator-6 (NCOA6), a reported coactivator for estrogen receptor α (ERα), actually attenuates E(2) sensitivity to determine uterine receptivity to embryo implantation under normal physiological conditions. Specifically, conditional knockout of Ncoa6 in uterine epithelial and stromal cells does not decrease, but rather markedly increases E(2) sensitivity, which disrupts embryo implantation and inhibits P(4)-regulated genes and decidual response. NCOA6 enhances ERα ubiquitination and accelerates its degradation, while loss of NCOA6 causes ERα accumulation in stromal cells during the preimplantation period. During the same period, NCOA6 deficiency also caused a failure in downregulation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3), a potent ERα coactivator. Therefore, NCOA6 controls E(2) sensitivity and uterine receptivity by regulating multiple E(2)-signaling components.
ANXIETY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOMATIC COMLAINTS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

The following study was undertaken to elucidate the relationships between psychosomatic symptoms and anxiety in college-age adolescents. 194 subjects, students at an Ivy League college and patients of its health service, were studied. Half of the subjects were making visits to the health service and half were randomly selected university students who ware recruited for the study. 63% of the subjects were female; 23% were freshmen, 26% sophomores, 19% juniors, 26% seniors and 6% fifth year or greater. 8% of students listed a chronic health problem such as asthma. All subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the SUNYA Ravision of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist (PSC) a measure of somatic symptoms (e.g. headache, abdcminal pain, etc.) assessed for frequency and intensity. Mean State anxiety score was 40.3 (40.8 in fanales--76th percentile, 38.3 in males--61st percentile). Mean Trait anxiety score was 39.7 (40.3 for females--65th percentile and 37.3 for males--53rd percentile). The mean PSC score was 24.6 (60th percentile). There were no significant differences between the health center visit group and the recruited group for any of these scores. There was a significant correlation between the total PSC score and the State (r=.51, P<.001) and Trait (r=.60, p<.001) anxiety scores, respectively. There were also significant correlations (at P≤.01) between 10 of the 17 individual somatic symptoms on the PSC and State and Trait scores. There ware no significant differences in STAI and PSC scores between different classes, nor between those with/without reported chronic health problems. A significant correlation between some psychosomatic complaints and anxiety in one group of college students suggests that nonorganically based somatic complaints should prompt sane discussion of anxiety in this age group.
Durations for portfolios of bonds priced on different term structures

Abstract This paper develops the duration of a portfolio of bonds that trade on different term structures because of, say, differences in credit quality. Such portfolios are widely held by investors. In contrast to the duration of a portfolio of bonds priced on the same term structure, the duration of a portfolio of bonds priced on different term structures is shown to be a function of the future values of the composite securities at the portfolio duration date rather than their present values. Portfolio duration expressions for such portfolios are derived for alternative assumptions about the stochastic process driving movements in interest rates across securities. It is also shown that portfolio durations based on present-value weights are a special case of those based on future-value weights.
Roles for microRNAs in the regulation of cell adhesion molecules

Maintenance of appropriate cell adhesion is crucial for normal cellular and organismal homeostasis. Certain microRNAs have recently been found capable of regulating molecules that oversee the fundamental cell biological events that drive cellular adhesion. It is now apparent that microRNAs play crucial roles in the great majority of biochemical pathways that contribute to normal cell adhesion. In this Commentary, we describe the latest advances within this still-emerging field, and highlight connections between the deregulation of microRNAs that affect cell-adhesion-associated molecules and the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Current evidence suggests that the ability of certain microRNAs – notably miR-17, miR-29, miR-31, miR-124 and miR-200 – to pleiotropically regulate multiple molecular components of the cell adhesion machinery endows these microRNAs with the capacity to function as key modulators of adhesion-associated processes. This, in turn, holds important implications for our understanding of both the basic biology of cell adhesion and the etiology of multiple pathological conditions.
Combined Anatomic Factors Predicting Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury for Males and Females

Background:Knee joint geometry has been associated with risk of suffering an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, few studies have utilized multivariate analysis to investigate how different aspects of knee joint geometry combine to influence ACL injury risk.Hypotheses:Combinations of knee geometry measurements are more highly associated with the risk of suffering a noncontact ACL injury than individual measurements, and the most predictive combinations of measurements are different for males and females.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A total of 88 first-time, noncontact, grade III ACL-injured subjects and 88 uninjured matched-control subjects were recruited, and magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired. The geometry of the tibial plateau subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and meniscus; geometry of the tibial spines; and size of the femoral intercondylar notch and ACL were measured. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to develop risk m...
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin analgesia in the rat.

The heptadecapeptide orphanin FQ or nociceptin (OFQ/N), the endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid receptor, has a complex pharmacology in mice, eliciting either an anti-opioid/hyperalgesic action or analgesia depending upon the dose and testing paradigm. Unlike mice, orphanin FQ/nociceptin fails to elicit hyperalgesia in the rat following intracerebroventricular injection. Both OFQ/N and a truncated version, OFQ/N(1-11), produce a robust analgesic response. OFQ/N analgesia is readily antagonized by the opioid antagonists naloxone or diprenorphine, despite their very poor affinity for the cloned orphan opioid receptor. Antisense studies revealed that probes targeting the second and third coding exon of the orphan clone significantly attenuate OFQ/N analgesia, while the exon 1 probe was inactive. These results indicate that OFQ/N elicits a naloxone-sensitive analgesia in rats similar to that previously reported in mice.
In-patient to isocenter KERMA ratios in CT

Purpose: To estimate in-patient KERMA for specific organs in computed tomography (CT) scanning using ratios to isocenter free-in-air KERMA obtained using a Rando phantom.Method: A CT scan of an anthropomorphic phantom results in an air KERMA K at a selected phantom location and air kerma K{sub CT} at the CT scanner isocenter when the scan is repeated in the absence of the phantom. The authors define the KERMA ratio (R{sub K}) as K/ K{sub CT}, which were experimentally determined in a Male Rando Phantom using lithium fluoride chips (TLD-100). R{sub K} values were obtained for a total of 400 individual point locations, as well as for 25 individual organs of interest in CT dosimetry. CT examinations of Rando were performed on a GE LightSpeed Ultra scanner operated at 80 kV, 120 kV, and 140 kV, as well as a Siemens Sensation 16 operated at 120 kV. Results: At 120 kV, median R{sub K} values for the GE and Siemens scanners were 0.60 and 0.64, respectively. The 10th percentile R{sub K} values ranged from 0.34 at 80 kV to 0.54 at 140 kV, and the 90th percentile R{sub K} values ranged from 0.64 at 80 kV to 0.78 at 140 kV.more » The average R{sub K} for the 25 Rando organs at 120 kV was 0.61 {+-} 0.08. Average R{sub K} values in the head, chest, and abdomen showed little variation. Relative to R{sub K} values in the head, chest, and abdomen obtained at 120 kV, R{sub K} values were about 12% lower in the pelvis and about 58% higher in the cervical spine region. Average R{sub K} values were about 6% higher on the Siemens Sensation 16 scanner than the GE LightSpeed Ultra. Reducing the x-ray tube voltage from 120 kV to 80 kV resulted in an average reduction in R{sub K} value of 34%, whereas increasing the x-ray tube voltage to 140 kV increased the average R{sub K} value by 9%. Conclusions: In-patient to isocenter relative KERMA values in Rando phantom can be used to estimate organ doses in similar sized adults undergoing CT examinations from easily measured air KERMA values at the isocenter (free in air). Conversion from in-patient air KERMA values to tissue dose would require the use of energy-appropriate conversion factors.« less
Retroflexion in Colonoscopy: Why? Where? When? How? What Value?

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Weight cycling in a very low-calorie diet programme has no effect on weight loss velocity, blood pressure and serum lipid profile.

Background: Many dieters lose and regain weight many times. It is unclear whether weight cycling is associated with adverse metabolic alterations or becomes more difficult with each attempt. Methods: From 1988 to 2000, 2474 obese patients enrolled in our outpatient weight loss programme using a very low-calorie diet. Caloric intake consisted of meal replacement supplying 700–800 cal/day. Results: Our search distinguished 480 patients who had restarted the weight reduction programme at least once and up to four times (restarts). All subjects remained on the programme for 2 weeks or more each time. Mean initial weight loss was 21.3 kg for women and 28.8 kg for men. Rate of weight loss on first restart was not different from initial weight loss for women [1.6 vs. 1.4 kg/week; not significant (NS)] or for men (2.2 vs. 2.1 kg/week; NS). Of the 480 patients, 85 women and 51 men entered the programme three times. Rate of weight loss was similar for all three entries (1.4, 1.6 and 2.1 kg/week for first, second and third entry in women, NS; 2.1, 2.1 and 2 kg/week for men, NS). Only 20 women and 18 men entered the programme four times. The rate of weight loss was again similar for both men (NS) and women (NS) during each re-entry. Cardiovascular risk factors including lipid profile and blood pressure were not adversely affected by weight cycling. In fact, lipid levels were lower at each restart. Conclusions: The present study refutes the hypothesis that repeated dieting makes further dieting efforts more difficult.
Electrophoresis in synthetic gels. I. Relation of gel structure to resolution.

Abstract Using hemoglobin A as a marker substance and hemoglobins S and C as test substances, the effect of gel structure on resolution of the test substances was investigated in acrylamide gel. No effect of pore size could be demonstrated. Increasing the carboxyl content of the gel increased the reverse electroosmotic flow without affecting the resolution, while increasing the quaternary ammonium content of the gel reduces the resolution.
Electrical brain activity and cardiovascular function during amygdaloid kindling in the dog.

Abstract Two lines of evidence converged to suggest that amygdaloid kindling would produce alterations in cardiovascular responsiveness. First, stimulation of the amygdala produces changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Second, the amygdala is the most sensitive region of the brain for kindling. Our objectives were to document the electrical brain activity, cardiovascular responses, and behavioral manifestations associated with the development of generalized convulsions during amygaloid kindling in the dog. Kindling in the dog was marked by its rapidity and lack of graded stages, resulting in two identifiable stages. The first, afterdischarge stage, was characterized by increased electrical brain activity in the stimulated amygdala but not in the ipsilateral anterior or posterior hypothalamus, or contralateral amygdala. Increased blood pressure was closely related to the activity of the stimulated amygdala, and a gradual increase in heart rate was unrelated to activity at any of the recording sites. Behavioral manifestations were confined to head and neck movements. The second, convulsion stage, was typified by increased activity in both amygdalae and in the anterior hypothalamic recording sites, indicating generalized involvement of both hemispheres. Blood pressure was significantly increased consistent with the behavioral manifestations of bilateral tonicclonic convulsion. Heart rate during the convulsion was not significantly different from that during the afterdischarge stage. This experiment, therefore, demonstrated that kindling in the dog follows a substantially different progression from that reported in other species and that kindled afterdischarges in the amygdala had a potent effect on blood pressure, even in the absence of generalized convulsions.
Multiplicative Preservers of C-Numerical Ranges and Radii

Multiplicative preservers of C-numerical ranges and radii on certain groups and semigroups of complex n×n matrices are characterized. The general and special linear groups are considered, as well as the semigroups of matrices having ranks not exceeding k, with k fixed in advance. For a fixed C, it turns out that typically the multiplicative preservers of the C-numerical range (or radius) have the form or, for certain matrices C, the form , for some unitary U and multiplicative map f from the group of nonzero complex numbers to the unit circle.