cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Assessment of Intersection Performance Enhanced by Traffic Signal Optimization and Vehicle Trajectory Planning

The development of Connected Automated Vehicle (CAV) technology introduces vehicle connectivity and automation into urban intersection management. It offers powerful means for accurate traffic state perception and effective traffic control actuation. This enabled the development of an intersection control algorithm that included an optimal traffic signal control algorithm and a trajectory planning function. The intersection controller aimed to maximize the intersection throughput while improving the vehicle energy efficiency via implementing adaptive signal phasing and time plans and sending reference trajectories to CAVs. Its effectiveness was tested on a closed test track equipped with a real-time traffic simulation platform, a traffic signal controller, and three physical test vehicles. The test results suggest that the intersection control algorithm was able to improve the average speed of the test vehicles by 9%, although the optimal signal controller or the trajectory planning algorithm alone could only provide marginal speed benefits. This demonstrated the advantage of combining multiple advanced traffic management functions for obtaining an elevated performance increase. For the energy efficiency analysis, both traditional gasoline-engine and hybrid vehicles were used. The hybrid test vehicles obtained fuel savings mostly via the optimal traffic signal controller (e.g., 17% fuel consumption reduction). On the other hand, the gasoline-engine test vehicle's fuel savings could be largely attributed to the trajectory planning (e.g., 21% fuel consumption reduction). Overall, the proposed intersection controller demonstrated significant vehicle mobility and energy efficiency improvements for vehicles with different powertrains in a nearly realistic traffic condition.
How God Changes Your Brain: Breakthrough Findings from a Leading Neuroscientist

Newberg and Waldman overview the fast-paced changes in our scientific understanding of the brain and how these affect our concepts of religious experience and spiritual practice. Anchored in their own research, they synthesize recent breakthroughs regarding how much the brain can grow and change, even into old age. Experiences change the brain, and then the brain changes the likelihood and impact of experiences. In particular, different religious and spiritual practices affect growth in different areas of the brain. The appendix contains 70 pages of endnotes, with full citations to the complex neuroscience literature to allow further investigation of any particular finding.
BUSINESSMEN'S VISAS TO THE UNITED STATES

Like most countries, the United States welcomes visitors but must exercise care in accepting immigrants. About ten years ago our Government began actively to encourage aliens to come as visitors and made specific efforts to facilitate their entry.1 In the previous decade, travel to the United States had more than doubled. In 1962, there were about 780,000 applications for nonimmigrant visas. Now we are even more eager to encourage visitors. In 1973 our overworked consular facilities were expected to handle approximately three million nonimmigrant visa applications. It is no secret that the U.S. Government wishes to compensate for the expenditures of traveling U.S. citizens which contribute to our adverse balance of payments.
Principles and Practice of Legal Triage During Public Health Emergencies

Legal preparedness is an essential component of emergency response. One of the most significant and under-appreciated challenges of legal preparedness is the ability of legal practitioners and others to assess in real time the changing legal environment during declared emergencies that threaten the public's health. While knowledge of existing emergency laws and effective planning within the public health workforce are critical to emergency preparedness, neither can fully anticipate the legal changes that will occur during health-related crises. The flexibility and additional powers authorized via emergency statutes are designed to facilitate responses, but can also create uncertainties on questions of authority, public health powers, and leadership. This article presents the concept of legal triage as a means for understanding and responding to the legal challenges that invariably arise during declared emergencies. After illustrating the need and scope of legal triage, the article discusses legal triage in three specific challenges that have featured prominently during recent public health emergencies: allocation of scarce resources, liability protection for volunteer health practitioners, and inter-jurisdictional coordination of military personnel. The goal of the Article is to emphasize that extemporaneous legal assessment is a necessary challenge during emergencies and one which - when skillfully met - can facilitate public and private sector responses to improve morbidity and mortality.
The Authoring Assistant

In some domains, including those requiring natural language understanding, we cannot build a system that can complete the entire task. One way to deal with such cases is to encode the result of understanding the problem description along with traces of the process used to understand that description. This places the natural language understanding portion of the system in the authoring system, as opposed to the run-time system (the one used by the student). This solution, however, puts a burden on the author, who must now verify that the problem encoding reflects the desired understanding. We describe the Authoring Assistant, a component of the pSAT system [11] for authoring problems for the PAT Algebra tutor [7] which addresses these issues.
Admiral Furman Academy: A Case Study In Selected Not-For-Profit Auditing Issues

The purpose of this case is to help students explore accounting and auditing issues often confronted by auditors of not-for-profit organizations. Given final financial statements, the goal of the case is to require students to prepare the footnotes that would be considered an integral part of the financial statements. The case is intended for students who are taking an advanced accounting or not-for-profit accounting course.
Increased spontaneous mutation and alkylation sensitivity of Escherichia coli strains lacking the ogt O6-methylguanine DNA repair methyltransferase.

Abstract Escherichia coli expresses two DNA repair methyltransferases (MTases) that repair the mutagenic O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4MeT) DNA lesions; one is the product of the inducible ada gene, and here we confirm that the other is the product of the constitutive ogt gene. We have generated various ogt disruption mutants. Double mutants (ada ogt) do not express any O6MeG/O4MeT DNA MTases, indicating that Ada and Ogt are probably the only two O6MeG/O4MeT DNA MTases in E. coli. ogt mutants were more sensitive to alkylation-induced mutation, and mutants arose linearly with dose, unlike ogt+ cells, which had a threshold dose below which no mutants accumulated; this ogt(+)-dependent threshold was seen in both ada+ and ada strains. ogt mutants were also more sensitive to alkylation-induced killing (in an ada background), and overexpression of the Ogt MTase from a plasmid provided ada, but not ada+, cells with increased resistance to killing by alkylating agents. The induction of the adaptive response was normal in ogt mutants. We infer from these results that the Ogt MTase prevents mutagenesis by low levels of alkylating agents and that, in ada cells, the Ogt MTase also protects cells from killing by alkylating agents. We also found that ada ogt E. coli had a higher rate of spontaneous mutation than wild-type, ada, and ogt cells and that this increased mutation occurred in nondividing cells. We infer that there is an endogenous source of O6MeG or O4MeT DNA damage in E. coli that is prevalent in nondividing cells.
E-commerce and biological weapons nonproliferation: online marketplaces challenge export controls to reduce the risk that rogue states or terrorists could acquire the capacity to produce biological weapons

The 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) was the first international treaty that enjoins nations to outlaw an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. The BWC's Article I bans the development, production, stockpiling, or other acquisition of “microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes,” as well as “weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict” (http://www.un.org/disarmament/WMD/Bio/pdf/Text\_of\_the_Convention.pdf). Given that the treaty has 173 states parties and 9 signatories, most the world's countries are bound by its provisions. > Certain countries, notably the Soviet Union and Iraq, have abused the lack of verification mechanisms in the past to develop biological weapons in breach of their international obligations. In practice, however, the BWC lacks provisions for verifying that state parties comply with its strictures. Certain countries, notably the Soviet Union and Iraq, have abused the lack of verification mechanisms in the past to develop biological weapons in breach of their international obligations. Moreover, non‐state groups and individuals cannot be expected to follow the treaty's provisions. Therefore, it remains of utmost importance for all states to control the trade of sensitive equipment that can be misused to produce, process, test, and disseminate pathogens and toxins. By doing so, they are in compliance with the BWC's Article III, which forbids states parties to “transfer to any recipient whatsoever, directly or indirectly, and not in any way to assist, encourage, or induce any State, group of States or international organizations to manufacture or otherwise acquire any of the agents, toxins, weapons, equipment or means of delivery specified in Article I”. Since the BWC itself has no mechanism by which to …
Diet Quality among Preschool-Age Children of Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in the United States

Dietary quality has been linked to obesity in children. Obesity among children of farmworker families exceeds that of other US Hispanic children. Knowledge of their dietary quality is needed to understand the origins and prevention of this obesity. Mothers (n = 237) of 3-year old children in farmworker families completed 3 24-hour recalls with trained interviewers using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). Output was used to calculate total and component scores of the Revised Children’s Diet Quality Index (RC-DQI). Mean total score was 62 (range 36–86) of an optimal score of 90. Scores for total fat, total grains, excess juice and iron were >80 % of the optimum, but scores for added sugar, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables were considerably lower. Children in farmworker families have low overall dietary quality. Intervention targeted to specific food issues may be an efficient way to addressing the problem.
Republican Gomorrah: Inside the Movement that Shattered the Party – By Max Blumenthal

The main purpose of this new book is to expose what the author argues is the absolute and fundamental hypocrisy of a movement whose foundation rests on religious purity and moral codes. In a detail...
Understanding the Relationship and Interdependence of Concurrent Engineering and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing: A Perspective from the Defense Community

ABSTRACTWhat is concurrent engineering (CE)? What is computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)? What are the important aspects of each? Many people have attempted to answer these questions, but few have analyzed the relationship and interdependence of the two concepts. The philosophical foundations of CE and CIM are interrelated and have many common elements that are critical to successful implementation. A thorough understanding of both concepts is required to maximize their benefits. This article explores each concept and then evaluates their interrelationships. It concludes with a discussion of the implementation of both concepts within the defense environment.
Anomalous interface degradation of a-Si:H TFTs during LCD lifetime

In this paper, we present some unpublished results for the first time, on an anomalous a-Si:H/SiNx interface degradation that is to a first order, independent of increasing temperature stress. This interface degradation produces significant impact on the linear region drain current and the ability to charge the pixel capacitance during the gate access time. This anomalous behavior can only be explained by an electric field coupled two carrier transport mechanism occuring at the two interfaces of the gate dielectric. The experimental and modeling results to be discussed in this paper clearly shows that if metastable defect creation is suspect of being present, then the far majority of the threshold voltage shift observed here is dominated by charge injection and transport in the gate insulator.
High-Energy Elastic Scattering in Quantum Electrodynamics

We have examined all two-body, elastic-scattering amplitudes in quantum electrodynamics. Aside from the photon-pole contribution, the amplitude for any elastic process is imaginary and proportional to $s$ in the limit $s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ with $t$ held finite. The coefficients of $s$, to the lowest nonvanishing orders of $e$, can be expressed simply in terms of "impact factors." The results contradict both the Regge-pole model and the droplet model in their most straightforward interpretations.
Examining the Effects of an Outpatient Palliative Care Consultation on Symptom Burden, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure

Abstract Background We conducted this prospective comparative study to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a palliative care consultation along with standard heart failure care in an outpatient setting regarding symptom burden, depression, and quality of life (QOL). Methods and Results Thirty-six patients (53.6 ± 8.3 years old) were referred for an outpatient palliative care consultation after discharge. Changes in symptom burden, depression, and QOL at 3 months were compared with 36 patients with symptomatic heart failure matched on age, sex, race, and New York Heart Association functional class. Improvements were observed in symptom burden, depression, and QOL in both groups over time (all P P Conclusions A palliative care consultation may reduce symptom burden and depression and enhance QOL in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Larger-scale randomized controlled trials sufficiently powered to assess clinical outcomes are warranted to determine the efficacy of palliative care services in outpatient settings regarding symptom distress, depression, and QOL in patients with symptomatic heart failure.
Circulating neutrophil concentration and respiratory distress in premature infants.

Abstract Background: The acute disappearance of neutrophils from the circulation can be associated with pulmonary leukostasis, lung injury, and respiratory distress. Objective: To determine whether a low concentration of mature neutrophils in the peripheral blood soon after birth is associated with an increase in subsequent respiratory distress in premature infants. Design: A cohort study performed by chart review at a tertiary medical center. Subjects: Premature infants (birth weight 500 to 1250 g) who had a complete blood count obtained within 2 hours of delivery (n = 237). Patients in the lowest quartile of mature neutrophil concentrations (early neutropenia, ≤0.90 × 10 9 neutrophils/L blood) were compared with patients in the remaining 3 quartiles (control group). Results: Low neutrophil concentrations were transient in the early neutropenia group. The concentration of mature circulating neutrophils rose from 0.49 ± 0.25 × 10 9 cells/L at an average of 1 hour after delivery to 2.8 ± 2.2 × 10 9 cells/L within 6 to 8 hours in the early neutropenia group and from 4.6 ± 4.8 × 10 9 cells/L to 8.2 ± 8.0 × 10 9 cells/L in the control group during the same time period. Respiratory support immediately after birth was similar in both groups of infants, but by 12 hours patients who had early neutropenia required significantly greater inflation pressures and concentrations of inspired oxygen. By 1 week after birth patients who had early neutropenia were more likely to require mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema, serious intraventricular hemorrhage, and chronic lung disease occurred more frequently in patients with early neutropenia. Conclusion: A low concentration of mature neutrophils in the systemic circulation of premature infants within 2 hours of birth is associated with more severe respiratory distress during the first postnatal week and with an increased risk of serious complications of prematurity. (J Pediatr 2000;136:466-72)
The Breeding Habits of the Stone Roller Minnow (Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque)

(1935). The Breeding Habits of the Stone Roller Minnow (Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 148-151.
744-5 Ischemic Heart Failure is Associated with Reduced Blood Flow Reserve in Non-embolized Arteries in Awake Dogs

With coronary obstruction, as in myocardial infarction, there is increased reliance on collateral blood flow from remote arteries. However, it remains unknown whether, with the development of heart failure (HF) consequent to the infarction, there are changes in the physiology of the remote vessels which may modify their ability to provide collateral flow. The goal of this study was to determine vasodilator capacity in non-embolized coronary vasculature in ischemic HF. Dogs were chronically instrumented to measure systemic hemodynamics. A catheter was implanted into a dominant coronary artery for multiple embolizations and a Doppler flow probe was placed on a non-catheterized coronary artery for measurements of coronary blood flow (CBF). HF was produced by repeated coronary embolizations and characterized by elevated left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and reduction in maximum LVdp/dt as well as clinical signs of HF. CBF at rest was 24 ± 0.4 ml/min vs 17 ± 1 ml/min before and after HF. The peak CBF responses following release of a brief coronary artery occlusion (Occ), to acetylcholine (Ach) and to adenosine (ADO) were examined before and after HF. The % changes of CBF from baseline are: Before heart failure After heart failure Occ. (sec) 10 261.7 ± 10% 131.6 ± 69% 15 250.7 ± 6% 102.8 ± 63% 30 240.4 ± 8% 96.4 ± 68% Ach(μg/kg) 0.25 74.4 ± 7% 19.4 ± 14% 5 162.1 ± 29% 41.7 ± 22% 10 144.4 ± 6% 66.2 ± 31% ADO (μMol/kg) 0.25 114 ± 25% 36.7 ± 32% 2 202.3 ± 36% 47.2 ± 49% 5 206.9 ± 46% 41.8 ± 71% Thus, in ischemic HF, baseline flow is decreased and coronary vascular reserve is markedly decreased in remote, non-infarct vessels of the heart. This may contribute importantly to the progression of left ventricular dysfunction even at remote areas.
Pd-supported on sulfated monoclinic zirconia for the reduction of NO2 with methane under lean conditions

NO2 reduction with methane under lean conditions is studied as a part of a two-stage scheme where NO is first oxidized to NO2 over an oxidation catalyst and NO2 is subsequently reduced to N2 over a reduction catalyst. Pd supported on a sulfated monoclinic zirconia support was observed to have good activity for the reduction of NO2 with CH4 under lean conditions, giving N2 yields over 60% over a broad temperature range below 450 °C. Sulfate groups are shown to be thermally stable below the calcination temperature.
ESR STUDY OF ORIENTED TRIPLET MOLECULES GENERATED BY EXCITATION WITH POLARIZED LIGHT

— The lowest-lying triplet states of a variety of aromatic molecules and complexes have been generated by the irradiation of these compounds in solvent glasses with plane-polarized light. Measurements of the allowed (ΔM=± 1) ESR transitions clearly demonstrate that the triplets so formed are oriented with respect to the external magnetic field. By this method the triplet zero-field splitting parameters, D and E, can be evaluated simply and reliably. Intramolecular energy transfer is postulated to explain the triplet spectra of Zn(o-phen)2(NO3)2 and Zn(o-phen)3(NO3)2. It was observed that in triplet-triplet energy transfer from benzophenone to naphthalene there is no apparent orientation requirement between the donor and acceptor molecules. Further areas of significance and application of this technique are suggested.
Utilizing random noise in cryptography: where is the tofu?

With the massive deployment of mobile devices and sensor networks, resistance against side-channel attacks in cryptographic systems has become an active research topic in recent years. While various security measures exist in literature, most of them are deterministic in nature, where the same input plaintext always results in the same power trace with a given key. Thus, attackers can still aggregate the small deviations between the power traces to identify the correct key. Towards this, random dynamic voltage scaling has been proposed in the literature, which is demonstrated to be effective against Differential Power Analysis (DPA). In this paper, we evaluate this approach, along with the expanded feature of spatial randomness, to resist Correlation Power Analysis (CPA).
Estimating variability in models for recurrent epidemics: assessing the use of moment closure techniques

The major role played by demographic stochasticity in determining the dynamics and persistence of childhood diseases, such as measles, chickenpox and pertussis, has long been realized. Techniques which can be used to estimate the magnitude of this stochastic effect are of clear importance. In this study, we assess and compare the use of two moment closure approximations to estimate the variability seen about the average behavior of stochastic models for the recurrent epidemics seen in childhood diseases. The performance of the approximations are assessed using analytic techniques available for the simplest epidemiological model and using numerical simulations in more complex settings. We also present epidemiologically important extensions of previous work, considering variability in the SEIR model and in situations for which there is seasonal variation in disease transmission. Important implications of stochastic effects for the dynamics of childhood diseases are highlighted, including serious deficiencies of deterministic descriptions of dynamical behavior.
Taking Stock: An Analysis of the Publishing Record as Represented by the Journal of Engineering Education

The Journal of Engineering Education emerged in the engineering education community in 1993 as a continuation of the American Society of Engineering Education's journal, Engineering Education. The Journal of Engineering Education was to play a role in the broadening of engineering education culture by helping to bring the scholarship of engineering education to the same level of respect and recognition in the faculty reward system as traditional scholarship in engineering sciences. In doing so, the journal hoped to keep pace with and encourage the significant changes in engineering education needed to prepare for the challenges of 21st century practice. This paper discusses the engineering education environment as reflected in six years of papers published in the Journal of Engineering Education from 1996 to 2001. Topics of papers are identified, along with changes and trends in these topics during the six-year period. In addition, characteristics of particularly convincing papers are enumerated and discussed. This paper is offered as a summary and review of this six-year body of work on engineering education and should aid the engineering education community in reflecting on the success of the Journal in promoting and encouraging the scholarship of teaching.
An oblique slant on deep-sea biodiversity

Organisms at the bottom of the deep seas might seem to be immune from large-scale shifts in climate. Not so, according to a study which reveals links between benthic biodiversity, glaciation and the Earth's obliquity.
Scalability of conventional and sidewall-sealed LOCOS technology for 256-Mbit DRAM array and periphery isolation

LOCOS technology is being investigated for applicability to 256 Mbit DRAM applications in the memory array (with active region pitch < 0.6 micrometers ) as well as the periphery. In this paper, LOCOS isolation is demonstrated for array n--n- spacing < 0.2 micrometers for 256 Mbit DRAM array and for n+-n+ (and p+-p+) spacing < 0.35 micrometers for DRAM periphery. Array nMOSFETs with small active width of 0.2 micrometers are demonstrated with Ioff < lfA/micrometers (VB equals IV) at Lo equals 0.2 micrometers while maintaining low VT (<VTspec equals 1.5 V at VB equals 4 V) at Lo equals 0.3 micrometers in accordance with DRAM pass transistor design. These key results are obtained with appropriate LDD dose and energy, sidewall sealed LOCOS isolation, and 1100 degree(s)C field oxidation to reduce both field oxide thinning and active width encroachment. MOSFETs with sidewall sealed LOCOS show small narrow width effect, (Delta) VT/(Delta) W, and no sub-VT `double-hump'. In contrast, conventional LOCOS results in high (Delta) VT/(Delta) W for MOSFETs with active width < 0.4 micrometers while recessed LOCOS causes sub- VT `double-hump' for large active width MOSFETs.
Evaluation of acoustic charge transport delay lines for SSC/LHC applications

Abstract Acoustic charge transport (ACT) delay lines provide delay times on the order of microseconds for large bandwidth analog signals, and permit nondestructive preview sampling of the stored signal. We report the results of preliminary studies intended to evaluate the potential of these devices for particle physics applications, in particular as delay lines for SSC/LHC experiments. We describe the basic features of the device, and give the results of our tests which evaluate the delay line and pulse shaping capabilities. We also report on the resolution of a typical 60 Co spectrum from a NaI crystal after delay of 900 ns by an ACT delay line.
Enhanced resolution of organic compounds from sediments by isotopic gas chromatography—combustion—mass spectrometry

Abstract The resolution of organic compounds from sediments is increased by 13 C/ 12 C isotopic gas chromatography—combustion—mass spectrometry relative to gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Impurities which elute close together with n -alkanes, phytane and a C 32 hopanoid acid methyl ester are resolved with a valley increase of up to 100%. This phenomenon is probably due to fractionation during gas chromatographic elution and enhanced detection monitoring of the isotopic composition of the carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of the eluting substances.
Is there a relationship between excessive drinking and functional impairment in older persons

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between (1) two thresholds of excessive alcohol drinking, (2) binge drinking, and (3) impairments in functional status in older drinkers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Ten internal medicine practices affiliated with an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-one persons aged 60 and older who reported drinking one or more drinks in the previous 3 months. MEASUREMENTS: Two commonly used thresholds of excessive drinking: (1) eight to 14 drinks per week for women and men (lower threshold) and (2) more than 14 drinks per week for women and men (higher threshold); a measure of binge drinking (≥3 drinks per occasion for women or ≥4 drinks per occasion for men); and self-reported instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and advanced activities of daily living (AADLs). RESULTS: Compared with older persons consuming seven or fewer drinks per week, those exceeding the higher threshold of excessive drinking were more likely to have impairments in IADLs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.4) and, to a lesser extent, AADLs (AOR = 3.7); those exceeding the lower threshold were more likely to have impairments in IADLs (AOR 5 6.0) but not in AADLs (AOR = 1.7). Binge drinkers were also more likely to have impairments in IADLs (AOR = 3.0) but not in AADLs (AOR = 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of older men and women, drinking more than seven drinks per week was associated with impairments in IADLs and, to a lesser extent, AADLs. Drinking more than three drinks per occasion was associated with impairments in IADLs.
A natural wear resistant material

A study has been made of Danto Koruntz (Danto International Ltd.), a natural material now beginning to find use in wear applications. Its microstructure is described and its density, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, hardness, elastic constants, flexural strength, fracture toughness and work of fracture are reported. Compared to a typical man-made 95% dense sintered wear alumina, which is somewhat harder and tougher and considerably stronger and stiffer, Danto Koruntz is much less erosion resistant and exhibits qualitatively different thermal shock behaviour. When slid on itself, Danto Koruntz exhibits a slightly lower coefficient of friction than does the alumina.
GASB Statement No. 34:Research Opportunities

This article describes researchable issues arising from GASB Statement No. 34, prescribing a new government reporting model. An overview of that statement is followed by a discussion of two researchable issues, detailing research questions, relevant methodology, and expected contributions. Remaining topics are described, with comment on that method most likely to lend insight. Colleagues are encouraged to commit to answering the questions posed, particularly those critically dependent on research being conducted during the implementation phase. Insights can be gained in such important conceptual and applied areas as valuation, aggregation, allocation, incentives, budgeting, inter-generational equity, users' understanding, independence, and cost/benefit tradeoffs.
Harmonic analysis on symmetric Stein manifolds from the point of view of complex analysis

The classical theory of finite dimensional representations of compact and complex semisimple Lie groups is discussed from the perspective of multidimensional complex geometry and analysis. The key tool is the complex horospherical transform which establishes a duality between spaces of holomorphic functions on symmetric Stein manifolds and dual horospherical manifolds.
Zinc Speciation in Proximity to Phosphate Application Points in a Lead/Zinc Smelter–Contaminated Soil

The use of P to immobilize Pb in contaminated soils has been well documented. However, the influence of P on Zn speciation in soils has not been extensively examined, and these two metals often occur as co-contaminants. We hypothesized that additions of P to a Pb/Zn-contaminated soil would induce Zn phosphate mineral formation and fluid P sources would be more effective than granular P amendments. A combination of different synchrotron-based techniques, namely, spatially resolved micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), micro-extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (μ-EXAFS), and micro-X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD), were used to speciate Zn at two incubation times in the proximity of application points (0 to 4 mm) for fluid and granular P amendments in a Pb/Zn smelter-contaminated soil. Phosphate rock (PR), triple super phosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and fluid ammonium polyphosphate induced Zn phosphate formation. Ammonium polyphosphate was more effective at greater distances (up to 3.7 mm) from the point of P application. Phosphoric acid increased the presence of soluble Zn species because of increased acidity. Soluble Zn has implications with respect to Zn bioavailability, which may negatively impact vegetation and other sensitive organisms. Although additions of P immobilize Pb, this practice needs close monitoring due to potential increasesmore » in Zn solubility in a Pb/Zn smelter-contaminated soil.« less
Toll-like receptors

Summary Beginning with the physical barrier presented by the epithelium, infectious agents such as viruses and bacteria encounter an array of cellular and molecular countermeasures that evolved within the host to resist them. Host immune responses are of two types, termed innate and adaptive. Immediate defensive responses, which include inflammation, phagocytosis of pathogens, and recruitment of a variety of immune cells, are employed against all classes of microbe, irrespective of prior exposure, and are collectively termed the innate immune response. Innate immunity is evolutionarily ancient, and selected mechanisms are known to be conserved from plants to humans. In contrast, the adaptive immune response is mobilized over a more protracted timescale, is influenced by prior exposure, and, by virtue of antigen-specific receptors generated through somatic DNA recombination within lymphoid clones, is highly specific at the molecular level, often to the point of specificity for a particular microbial species. Adaptive immunity evolved relatively recently and exists only in vertebrates. In mammals, the immune response encompasses the innate and adaptive responses, and, although cross-talk occurs between them, each can be carried out independently by distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms.
A comparison of the “phrygian cap” deformity with bistable and gray scale ultrasound

Sixteen patients with a "phrygian cap" deformity of the gall bladder seen with oral cholecystography were further evaluated with both bistable and gray scale ultrasound. The bistable technique produced internal echoes that were suspicious of gall stones. When this same area was reevaluated with the more accurate gray scale technique, the folded-fundus deformity was clearly visualized.
A Classical and Quantum Chemical Analysis of Gaseous Heat Capacity

Physical chemistry is considered to be a scientifically abstract and mathematically intensive course in the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. To most students, the physical chemistry course involves a semester that deals with macroscopic properties and another that deals with microscopic evaluations of chemical systems. They often fail to see the importance of statistical mechanics in making the connection between the content of the two semesters. In this paper, we propose a computational exercise that complements a simple physical chemistry experiment that can be used to understand the chemical basis of a macroscopic property such as the heat capacity of gases using microscopic (classical and quantum) mechanics. Students are given the opportunity to use (1) computational chemistry software to calculate the contributions of translational, rotational, and vibrational motion to the energy of molecules; (2) a graphing program to study the linear and nonlinear dependence of energy on temperature; (3) classical, quantum, and statistical mechanical theory to verify experimental data; (4) regression analysis to approximate the heat capacity constant of simple gases from energy calculations.
Abstract 2266: Beclin-1 regulation of autophagy in endocrine resistant breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Resistance to endocrine therapy occurs in nearly 50% of all patients diagnosed with estrogen receptor ≤ positive breast cancer, thus elucidating mechanism(s) of endocrine resistance is of major importance. To provide a model, we selected MCF7 variants that are estrogen independent and either sensitive (LCC1) or resistant (LCC9) to antiestrogens: Faslodex (FAS; ICI 182, 780) and Tamoxifen (TAM). Antiestrogens induce endoplasmic reticulum stress which, depending on cell type, stimulus, and duration, may subsequently activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy, and/or apoptosis. Gene microarray analysis of LCC9 cells show high expression levels of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), implicating the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a pro-survival mechanism of resistance. In addition to an elevated UPR, autophagy is substantially elevated in response to antiestrogens. To better understand the role of autophagy in antiestrogen responsiveness, we investigated the consequence of knocking down BECLIN-1 in LCC1 and LCC9 cells treated with FAS and TAM. Preliminary results indicate a time-dependent change in autophagy following knock-down of beclin-1 in response to short-term (48h) and long-term (6 day) treatment. At 48h, sensitive LCC1 cells respond to antiestrogens with high levels of autophagy measured by increased LC3BII to LC3BI ratio and decreased expression of p62. Relative cell density (measured by crystal violet assay) decreases by 20% at 48h and by 80% at 6 days in LCC1 cells however, LCC9 cells are minimally affected by antiestrogen treatment. The level of autophagy remains high at 6 days in sensitive cells however levels remain constant in resistant cells. Autophagy is significantly lowered by reduced BECN1 in both sensitive and resistant cells however there is an increase in cell density in sensitive cells transfected with BECN1- shRNA at 6 days, indicating an autophagy associated programmed cell death mechanism in response to antiestrogen treatment. Protein expression of an active form of caspase −12/4 (an initiator caspase activated during endoplasmic reticulum stress) is elevated in sensitive cells at 6 days in response to antiestrogen treatment, also indicating the onset of apoptosis at this time. Elevated expression of Bcl-2 family members in resistant cells may play a more substantial role than BECN1 alone, as the combination of Bcl-2 family protein inhibitors and BECN1-shRNA sensitizes resistant cells to a greater extent. Thus, Bcl-2 family members in resistant cells may play a critical role in managing the balance between cell survival (moderate autophagy) and programmed cell death (excessive autophagy and apoptosis) in response to antiestrogen treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2266. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2266
Neuroimmune pharmacological control of EAE.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an experimentally induced autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Although it serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS), its discovery was not associated with MS. In the early 1930s, Rivers et al. (1933) were wondering about encephalomyelitis in humans upon rabies vaccination and that led to the induction of encephalomyelitis in animals after repeated injections of dehydrated spinal cords from rabbits infected with rabies. Since then it remains the best animal model to study the neuroimmunology of encephalomyelitis. Eventually, different studies have improved EAE and established EAE as a suitable one to model many aspects of MS. Despite active induction by the injection of whole spinal cord preparations or proteins derived from myelin (commonly myelin basic protein (MBP) or proteolipid protein (PLP)), EAE could be passively transferred by encephalitogenic MBP- or PLP-specific T cells. However, in all the described models, disease is characterized by the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), perivascular infiltrates within the CNS, and paralysis.
Notes: Equations resolving a conjecture of Rado on partition regularity

A linear equation L is called k-regular if every k-coloring of the positive integers contains a monochromatic solution to L. Richard Rado conjectured that for every positive integer k, there exists a linear equation that is (k-1)-regular but not k-regular. We prove this conjecture by showing that the equation @?"i"="1^k^-^12^i2^i-1x"i=(-1+@?"i"="1^k^-^12^i2^i-1)x"0 has this property. This conjecture is part of problem E14 in Richard K. Guy's book ''Unsolved Problems in Number Theory'', where it is attributed to Rado's 1933 thesis, ''Studien zur Kombinatorik''.
Expression Pattern of Muscleblind-like Proteins Differs in Differentiating Myoblasts

Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins are believed to be regulators of myogenesis and are implicated in myotonic dystrophy. While Drosophila melanogaster muscleblind is required for terminal muscle differentiation, mammalian MBNL3 functions as an inhibitor of myogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of MBNL3 in different adult mouse tissues and tissue culture cells. MBNL3 transcript is enriched in the lung, spleen, and testis and not in heart and skeletal muscle. By Western blotting, we found that MBNL3 was expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and ts13 myofibroblasts, but was detected at significantly lower levels in fibroblasts. MBNL3 protein levels decreased when cells were shifted to muscle differentiation conditions, but the closely related MBNL1 protein was unaffected. These results suggest that myoblasts and fibroblasts respond to differentiation conditions by activating signaling pathways that repress MBNL3 but not MBNL1 expression.
Multimedia materials for chemical engineering: Module development and lessons learned

In this article we summarize the multimedia materials for chemical engineering instruction developed in our laboratory during the last 3 years. We also share what we have learned about the presentation of materials and the development process itself. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
News and notations

(1980). News and notations. Southern Speech Communication Journal: Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 324-332.
Toward Improved Durability in Advanced Combustors and Turbines — Progress in the Prediction of Thermomechanical Loads

NASA is sponsoring the Turbine Engine Hot Section Technology (HOST) Project to address the need for improved durability in advanced combustors and turbines. Analytical and experimental activities aimed at more accurate prediction of the aerothermal environment, the thermomechanical loads, the material behavior and structural responses to such loading, and life predictions for high temperature cyclic operation have been underway for several years and are showing promising results. Progress is reported in the development of advanced instrumentation and in the improvement of combustor aerothermal and turbine heat transfer models that will lead to more accurate prediction of thermomechanical loads.
Stress Fibers in Endothelial Cells Overlying Atherosclerotic Lesions in Rabbit Aorta

Endothelial injury or dysfunction has long been postulated to promote atherogenesis, but structural alterations of endothelium in atherosclerosis have remained obscure. We report the common occurrence of actin-containing stress fibers, stainable by rhodamine-phalloidin, in endothelium overlying atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Nonlesioned areas in the same aortas showed normal endothelium with minimal development of stress fibers, which was no different from the appearance of endothelium in chow-fed rabbits. Microtubule organization revealed by immunofluorescence appeared normal in all areas. The development of stress fibers may be related to an altered substratum for endothelial attachment. This study provided no evidence to relate stress fiber formation with lesion initiation, but an association with well-developed foam cell lesions was evident.
Band structure of compensated n i-p i-superlattices

The band structure of compensated n-i-p-i doping superlattices has been investigated for the first time by using the multistep-potential approach as the real potential form and by using numerical calculations. The dispersion of compensated n-i-p-i superlattices is shown to be stronger than that of compositional superlattices. The Srst three allowed conduction minibands and forbidden rninigaps as functions of period length L are presented. In recent years there has been great interest in both theoretical and experimental studies of doping superlattices. ' The n i p -i-d-oping superlattices are systems composed of a periodic sequence of ultrathin n and-@type doped layers with intrinsic layers in between. 3 In addition to the properties of the compositional superlattices, doping superlattices, however, show a number of novel properties related to the electrostatic origin of the superlattice potential. The lowest electron and the uppermost hole subband states are locally separated from each other. The efFective energy gap as well as the electron and hole concentration can be varied arbitrarily over a wide range in n-i-p-i superlattices either optically or by carrier injection into the bulk. These unique features open a new field for both basic research and device application.
Hydrolysis of Unactivated Esters and Acetonitrile Hydration by a Hydroxo-Dicopper(II) Complex

Binuclear metal−hydroxide centers are implicated in many protein hydrolases. Here, we show that the binucleating ligand N,N,N‘,N‘-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol (L−OH) reacts with...
Low NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase activity is associated with increased risk of leukemia with MLL translocations in infants and children

An inactivating polymorphism at position 609 in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene (NQO1 C609T) is associated with an increased risk of adult leukemia. A small British study suggested that NQO1 C609T was associated with an increased risk of infant leukemias with MLL translocations, especially infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(4;11). We explored NQO1 C609T as a genetic risk factor in 39 pediatric de novo and 18 pediatric treatment-related leukemias with MLL translocations in the United States. Children with de novo B-lineage ALL without MLL translocations and a calculation of the expected genotype distribution in an ethnically matched population of disease-free subjects served as the comparison groups. Patients with de novo leukemias with MLL translocations were significantly more likely to be heterozygous at NQO1 C609T (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.17-6.57; P =.02), and significantly more likely to have low/null NQO1 activity than patients with de novo B-lineage ALL without MLL translocations (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.08-5.68; P =.033). They were also significantly more likely to have low/null NQO1 activity than expected in an ethnically matched population of disease-free subjects (OR = 2.50, P =.02). Infants younger than 12 months old at diagnosis of leukemia with t(4;11) were most likely to have low/null NQO1 activity (OR > 10.0). Conversely, the distribution of NQO1 genotypes among patients with treatment-related leukemias with MLL translocations was not statistically different than in the comparison groups. The inactivating NQO1 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of de novo leukemia with MLL translocations in infants and children.
Honor in the Early Modern Eastern Mediterranean—an Introduction

In the last decade, historians have paid renewed attention to the idea of honor in early modern Europe and elsewhere, but until now, the focus has been primarily on individuals. However, this issue seeks to explore the idea of institutional honor and the question of whether a government could possess a sense of honor and what that would mean for its workings and its impact on its subjects. The themes that emerge in these essays are abduction and sexual misbehavior—where honor and sexual crime could be touchstones for the legitimacy of power. If everyone felt honored, then the hierarchical distribution of power could seem fair; but if the subjects of empire felt humiliated, the power that acted on them would become illegitimate. All of these articles see honor, not as a structure, but as a resource that both state and subject could invoke in a crisis.