cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rational Convex Programs and Efficient Algorithms for 2-Player Nash and Nonsymmetric Bargaining Games

The solution to a Nash or a nonsymmetric bargaining game is obtained by maximizing a concave function over a convex set; i.e., it is the solution to a convex program. We show that each 2-player game whose convex program has linear constraints, admits a rational solution and such a solution can be found in polynomial time using only an LP solver. If, in addition, the game is succinct, i.e., the coefficients in its convex program are "small," then its solution can be found in strongly polynomial time. We also give nonsuccinct linear games whose solution can be found in strongly polynomial time.
Transmission of the dysgnathia complex from mother to daughter.

We report the first observation of parent-to-child transmission of dysgnathia, a rare disorder characterized by severe mandibular hypoplasia or agenesis, ear anomalies, microstomia, and microglossia. Patient 1 was noted prenatally by ultrasound to have severe micrognathia and, after birth, abnormal ears with canal stenosis and non-contiguous lobules located dorsally to the rest of the pinnae, normal zygomata, severe jaw immobility and microstomia with an opening of only 4 to 5 mm, hypoplastic tongue, and cleft palate. The 21-year-old mother of patient 1 was born with severe micrognathia requiring tracheostomy, microglossia, cleft palate with filiform alveolar bands, abnormal pinnae, and decreased conductive hearing. Dysgnathia is thought to result from a defect in the development of the first branchial arch. A similar phenotype has been seen in Otx2 haplo-insufficiency and endothelin-1 homozygous null mice, suggesting that these genes contribute to branchial arch development. Our report of a long-surviving mother and her daughter with non-syndromal dysgnathia may lead to identification of the molecular basis of these findings and provide insight into the genetics of first branchial arch formation. The survival of patient 1 and patient 2 beyond the neonatal period has implications for improvements in prenatal diagnosis and counseling and for neonatal treatment of this condition.
Desktop Publishing: The Fourth Revolution

Desktop publishing technology has been described as the fourth revolution in publishing. When the editor asked me to write an article about desktop publishing, I was going to describe it for people who know little, if anything, about it. But since it's been a long time since she asked me to write (last September!), by now probably most of you have an idea of what desktop publishing is and how it works. If you don't, there are excellent books and magazines that can explain it better than I can. What I want to do is describe how it has changed my job.
The size of the state, economic growth and the efficient utilization of national resources

The motives of the state in projecting a more than minimal presence in the economy may be conceived of as benevolent or malevolent. Whatever the characterization of the motivation, increases in the size of the government share of the economy adversely affect economic growth and the allocation of resources. Nations with relatively large government shares in 1960 on the whole grew more slowly than nations with relatively small state sectors. Interperiod increases in the size of government were associated with lower growth rates over the period. The size of the government share coefficients in the regressions were of sufficiently large magnitude to conclude that the rise in the size of the government has had a substantial depressing effect on economic growth. These results are consistent with those reported by Landau (1983) and Marlow (1986). Landau did not adjust economic growth for the growth in factor endowment. Consequently, his results overstate the adverse effect of government size. Government allocation of resources is thought to be less efficient than private allocation. For the first time in the literature, this hypothesis was tested directly by comparing efficiency measures with the measures of the size of the government sector. It was found that the size of the government share in the economy was negatively correlated with economic efficiency and with the inter-period change in economic efficiency. Nations with relatively large state sectors produced less output per head with the same input ratio than nations with relatively small government sectors.
Garbage collection in an uncooperative environment

We describe a technique for storage allocation and garbage collection in the absence of significant co-operation from the code using the allocator. This limits garbage collection overhead to the time actually required for garbage collection. In particular, application programs that rarely or never make use of the collector no longer encounter a substantial performance penalty. This approach greatly simplifies the implementation of languages supporting garbage collection. It further allows conventional compilers to be used with a garbage collector, either as the primary means of storage reclamation, or as a debugging tool. Our approach has two potential disadvantages. First, some garbage may fail to be reclaimed. Secondly, we use a ‘stop and collect’ approach, thus making the strategy unsuitable for applications with severe real-time constraints. We argue that the first problem is, to some extent, inherent in any garbage collection system. Furthermore, based on our experience, it is usually not significant in practice. In spite of the second problem, we have had favourable experiences with interactive applications, including some that use a heap of several megabytes.
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with Serum Cortisol in Older People

OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations between serum cortisol and HDL cholesterol, other lipoprotein lipids and cardiovascular risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and clinical heart disease in older people. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, observational, ancillary study of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). POPULATION: A total of 245 community-dwelling people, 65 to 89 years old, were recruited consecutively for a 2-month period from the CHS cohort in Forsyth County, North Carolina. METHODS: Cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum collected between 7:00 and 10:00 AM after an overnight fast. Cortisol levels were correlated with lipoprotein lipids, insulin, glucose, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, prevalent coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and carotid atherosclerosis by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: Serum cortisol was correlated negatively (r = -.24) with body mass index and waist-hip ratio (r = -.16) but was not related significantly to fasting insulin or glucose. Cortisol was not associated significantly with triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol but showed a positive correlation (r = .21) with high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The relationship between cortisol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol persisted after adjustment for gender, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, cigarette and alcohol use, triglyceride level, and diabetes. There was a trend toward a negative correlation between cortisol and measures of carotid atherosclerosis, but no significant relationship was indicated between cortisol and prevalent coronary heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes. CONCLUSION: Endogenous glucocorticoid levels correlated with HDL cholesterol levels and may play a role in the physiologic regulation of high density lipoprotein levels in older people.
Velocity Distribution and Shear Rate Variability Resulting from Changes in the Impeller Location in the USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus II

The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) imposes strict requirements on the geometry and operating conditions of the USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus II. A previously validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach was used here to study the hydrodynamics of USP Apparatus II when the impeller was placed at four different locations, all within the limits specified by USP. CFD was used to predict the velocity profiles, energy dissipation rates, and strain rates when the impeller was placed in the reference location (centrally mounted, 25 mm off the vessel bottom), 2 mm off-center, 2 mm higher, and 2 mm lower than the reference location. Small changes in impeller location, especially if associated with loss of symmetry, produced extensive changes in velocity profiles and shear rates. Centrally located impellers, irrespective of their off-bottom clearance, produced non-uniform but nearly symmetric strain rates. The off-center impeller produced a more uniform but slightly asymmetric strain rate distribution. The system hydrodynamics depends strongly on small differences in equipment configurations and operating conditions, which are likely to affect significantly the flow field and shear rate experienced by the oral dosage form being tested, and hence the solid–liquid mass transfer and dissolution rate.
Using sentence-selection heuristics to rank text segments in TXTRACTOR

TXTRACTOR is a tool that uses established sentence-selection heuristics to rank text segments, producing summaries that contain a user-defined number of sentences. The purpose of identifying text segments is to maximize topic diversity, which is an adaptation of the Maximal Marginal Relevance criterion used by Carbonell and Goldstein [5]. Sentence selection heuristics are then used to rank the segments. We hypothesize that ranking text segments via traditional sentence-selection heuristics produces a balanced summary with more useful information than one produced by using segmentation alone. The proposed summary is created in a three-step process, which includes 1) sentence evaluation 2) segment identification and 3) segment ranking. As the required length of the summary changes, low-ranking segments can then be dropped from (or higher ranking segments added to) the summary. We compare the output of TXTRACTOR to the output of a segmentation tool based on the TextTiling algorithm to validate the approach.
Use of Mass- and Area-Dimensional Power Laws for Determining Precipitation Particle Terminal Velocities

Abstract Based on boundary layer theory and a comparison of empirical power laws relating the Reynolds and Best numbers, it was apparent that the primary variables governing a hydrometeor's terminal velocity were its mass, its area projected to the flow, and its maximum dimension. The dependence of terminal velocities on surface roughness appeared secondary, with surface roughness apparently changing significantly only during phase changes (i.e., ice to liquid). In the theoretical analysis, a new, comprehensive expression for the drag force, which is valid for both inertial and viscous-dominated flow, was derived. A hydrometeor's mass and projected area were simply and accurately represented in terms of its maximum dimension by using dimensional power laws. Hydrometeor terminal velocities were calculated by using mass- and area-dimensional power laws to parameterize the Best number, X. Using a theoretical relationship general for all particle types, the Reynolds number, Re, was then calculated from the Be...
Implementation and refinement of a research utilization course for oncology nurses

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the implementation and refinement of a yearly research utilization (RU) course for oncology nurses. DESIGN: Formative program evaluation. SAMPLE: 22 oncology nurses selected based on competitively reviewed project proposals. METHODS: The one-day RU course was held five times prior to the annual fall Oncology Nursing Society conference. The course consisted of brief didactic sessions on RU, project presentations by participants, faculty reviews, and discussions of practical issues related to project implementation. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Course content, usefulness of course components. FINDINGS: Based on immediate postcourse, 6-month, and 12-month feedback, refinements were made to the course. A major change (in year three) was the addition of a "preparation packet," which contained resources about RU and directed students to accomplish specific precourse goals, and access to a faculty mentor. Evaluation scores were good to outstanding for the content and usefulness of the course presentations, critiques by faculty, and discussion sessions. Interviews with participants indicated that a majority completed or were working on their projects within four years of completing the course. CONCLUSIONS: RU and some of its components (pursuing a literature search, making a practice change) are not processes that most nurses are familiar with, but these processes can be taught to nurses with focused clinical concerns. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: An RU course with a low faculty-to-student ratio, adequate course materials, and systematic instruction can lead to research-based changes in practice.
Institutional Quality and Economic Growth in Latin America

The purpose of this paper is to relate total factor productivity to the problem of economic growth in Latin America. Slow economic growth has been the most important problem in the modern history o...
Formation of ATP by the adenosine triphosphatase complex from spinach chloroplasts reconstituted together with bacteriorhodopsin.

Abstract The energy-linked ATPase complex has been isolated from spinach chloroplasts. This protein complex contained all the subunits of the chloroplast coupling factor (CF 1 ) as well as several hydrophobic components. When the activated complex was reconstituted with added soybean phospholipids, it catalyzed the exchange of radioactive inorganic phosphate with ATP. Sonication of the complex into proteoliposomes together with bacteriorhodopsin yielded vesicles that catalyzed light-dependent ATP formation. Both the 32 P i -ATP exchange reactions and ATP formation were sensitive to uncouplers such as 3-tert-butyl-5,2′-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide, bis-(hexafluoroacetonyl)acetone and carbonyl cyanide- p -trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone, that act to dissipate a proton gradient. The energy transfer inhibitors dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, triphenyltin chloride and 2-β- d -glucopyranosyl-4,6′-dihydroxydihydrochalcone were also effective inhibitors of both reactions.
Satellite Measurements of Surface Water Temperature in the Great Lakes: Great Lakes Coastwatch

Abstract This paper describes the NOAA CoastWatch program for the Great Lakes and discusses the applications and limitations of satellite-measured surface water temperature images received as a result of this program in mapping and analyzing physical features of the Great Lakes environment. The initial product of the CoastWatch program is a set of surface water temperature images derived from NOAA AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. These temperature maps are produced on a routine basis (usually 2–3 sufficiently cloud-free images per week) and are made available within hours of acquisition. The satellite-derived water temperatures from images acquired during the period May 1990 to May 1991 were compared to temperatures measured at NOAA weather buoys and found to be highly correlated. We found the satellite-derived temperatures were consistently 1–1.5C° cooler than buoy temperatures. Root mean square deviations between buoy and satellite temperatures ranged from 0.8 to 1.6C°. There was also a consistent pattern to the geographic registration errors of the images, ranging from 8.4 km westward for the NOAA 10 nighttime pass to 8.3 km northeast for the NOAA 11 nighttime pass. Potential application of the imagery to detection and location of thermal fronts, analysis of circulation patterns, and ice and snow mapping are also discussed.
Distinguishing between roles for calcium in Limulus photoreceptor excitation.

The role for Ca2+ in the excitation process by which light opens membrane channels in Limulus photoreceptors is discussed. Light initiates a phospholipase C/IP3 pathway that results in a rapid elevation of intracellular Ca2+, but whether this elevation is causal in triggering the light response or merely synergistic to some other second messenger pathway has been unclear. We have developed a procedure using progressive injection of Ca2+ buffers that distinguishes between mediation and synergy models [Shin J-H. Richard EA. Lisman JE. (1992) Ca2+ is an obligatory intermediate in the excitation cascade of Limulus photoreceptors. Neuron, 11, 845–855]. Our conclusion is that Ca2+ mediates all phases of the light-response. Models of this kind had previously been rejected because intracellular injection of Ca2+ buffer can lead to an increase of the late component (> 200 ms) of the response to bright, sustained light. We have used computer simulations of IP3 mediated Ca2+ release to show that the positive and negative regulation of this process by Ca2+ itself together with other feedback loops can explain counterintuitive effects of Ca2+ buffers.
Carney Complex and McCune Albright Syndrome: An overview of clinical manifestations and human molecular genetics

Endocrine neoplasia syndromes feature a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumors of endocrine and non-endocrine organs associated with other clinical manifestations. This study outlines the main clinical features, genetic basis, and molecular mechanisms behind two multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes that share quite a bit of similarities, but one can be inherited whereas the other is always sporadic, Carney complex (CNC) and McCune-Albright (MAS), respectively. Spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and other myxomas, and different types of endocrine tumors and other characterize Carney complex, which is caused largely by inactivating Protein kinase A, regulatory subunit, type I, Alpha (PRKAR1A) gene mutations. The main features of McCune-Albright are fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), cafe-au-lait macules and precocious puberty; the disease is caused by activating mutations in the Guanine Nucleotide-binding protein, Alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide (GNAS) gene which are always somatic. We review the clinical manifestations of the two syndromes and provide an update on their molecular genetics.
Use of Multiple Internal Reflection Spectroscopy in the Study and Identification of Steroids

Multiple internal reflection spectroscopy has been applied to the study and identification of microgram quantities of pure steroids. The methodology described is simple and requires a minimum of sample preparation. The steroid spectra which have been obtained on 20 to 100 μg of sample are comparable to those obtained with KBr pellets. The steroids chosen to illustrate the method are of particular interest in assisting with the identification of the products of intermediary metabolism as it pertains to steroid hormones. The anomalous behavior of one of these steroids is discussed.
Coiling of flexible ropes

A thin flexible inextensible rope fed continuously from a fixed height and falling on a horizontal plane usually forms a circular coil. This phenomenon is analysed as a geometrically nonlinear free-boundary problem for a linearly elastic rope. The stiffness and velocity of the rope, the height from which it is fed and gravity are taken into account. The problem is solved by using a numerical continuation scheme. The coil radius is determined as a function of the various parameters. Tables and graphs of the results are presented.
Novel microlaparoscopic technique for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement

We describe our technique of microlaparoscopic placement of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheters. Visualization is achieved using a 2.7-mm microlaparoscope, and intra-abdominal manipulation, as well as catheter placement using the Seldinger technique, is accomplished through a single 5-mm port. The advantages of this method include accurate placement of the catheter, minimal patient morbidity, and immediate use of the catheter for peritoneal dialysis.
The indefinitely iterated prisoner's dilemma: Reply to Becker and Cudd

It is argued that, without a controversial and arguably mistaken assumption, Becker and Cudd's (1990) objections do not undermine the challenge raised by my (1987) model of iterated prisoner's dilemmas for the arguments of Taylor (1976, 1987) and others. Furthermore, it is argued that, even granting this assumption, there is an alternative model that avoids their objections.
The Assessment of Art Attributes

Neuropsychological investigations of art production and perception have the potential to offer critical insight into the biology of visual aesthetics. Thus far, however, investigations of art production in patients have been limited to anecdotal observations and investigations of art perception are non-existent. Progress in the field is hampered by the lack of an adequate instrument to provide basic quantification of artwork attributes. Motivated by the need to move neuropsychology of art beyond the fascinating anecdote, we present the Assessment of Art Attributes (AAA). The AAA is an instrument designed to assess six formal-perceptual and six conceptual-representational attributes using 24 paintings from the Western canon. Both artistically naive and experienced participants were given the AAA. We found high degrees of agreement in the assessment of these attributes in both groups and few differences between the groups. We expect that the AAA’s componential and quantitative approach will be useful in advancing neuropsychological studies as well as any investigations in which style and content of art works need to be quantified and compared.
DLC Coatings Characterization on HDD Recording Heads

New magnetic storage technology enhancements are being introduced into the HDD products to facilitate lower head media spacing and reliability. Recently, advanced components such as thermal protrusion devices, Head Disc Interface (HDI) proximity sensors, complex self-compensating AAB designs have been integrated into the recording heads. Component development and product integration teams evaluate performance of these critical head disc interfaces for tribological robustness. New HDI components could potentially bring new HDI wear mechanisms that occur under specific thermo-mechanical conditions. Characterization of recording head DLC overcoat nanoscale wear performance has always been a challenge. Historically, nano-wear tests evolved in conjunction with advances in Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques [1] and wear resistive tools [2] like diamond tip cantilevers. Here, by controlling SPM, contact force specified wear patterns can be obtained in contact mode or dynamic mode. Decisions on DLC wear resistance can be made qualitatively by evaluating wear mark topographies.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A MODIFIED CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUSNESS

The long-standing assumption in the neurosciences that the subjective phenomena of conscious experiences do not exert any causal influence on the sequence of events in the physical brain process is directly challenged in this current view of the nature of mind and the mind-brain relationship. A theory of mind is suggested in which consciousness, interpreted to be a direct emergent property of cerebral activity, is conceived to be an integral component of the brain process that functions as an essential constituent of the action and exerts a directive holistic form of control over the flow pattern of cerebral excitation.
POPULATION PRESSURE AND CROP ROTATIONAL CHANGES AMONG THE TIV OF NIGERIA

Shifting agriculture and the carrying capacity of the land are critically important in developing tropical areas. Signs of breakdown in shifting agricultural systems, such as decreasing crop yield and soil fertility, have long been recognized. Among the Tiv another indication of breakdown is manifest when proved cropping sequences are deliberately altered. The first dot map of Tiv population depicts high densities in the south-central part of the division, and the annual rate of increase of population among the Tiv is calculated at a little more than three percent. The areas of high population density display evidence of a degraded environment, and in these same areas a new crop rotational sequence has evolved. This altered cropping pattern, known as “bugh bu,”appears to be the result of the carrying capacity of the land being exceeded; it is found in areas with population densities of about 400 per square mile (154.4 per square kilometer).
Morphologically Specialized Sperm from the Ovary of Isometra vivipara (Echinodermata — Crinoidea)

The morphology of the sperm of Isometra vivipara is markedly different from the spherical-headed sperm typical of crinoids in general. The sperm head of Isometra has a flattened, oval shape. In addition to a nucleus, the head includes a lateral acrosome on one flat surface and a lateral mitochondrion on the opposite flat surface. From the latter surface of the sperm head, a tail flagellum arises adjacent to the mitochondrion. The discussion considers the relationships between reproductive habits and sperm morphology in Isometra and other crinoids.
What use is a backseat driver? A qualitative investigation of pair programming

Numerous studies have pointed to the considerable potential of pair programming, for example, for improving software quality. Using the technique, two programmers work together on a single computer, and take turns playing the role of driver, actively typing and controlling the mouse, and the role of navigator, attentively monitoring the driver's work and offering suggestions. However, being a complex human activity, there are still many questions about pair programming and its moderating factors. In this paper, we report on a qualitative study of seven pairs (14 senior undergraduate and graduate students) engaged in a debugging task. The study addressed open questions regarding partner teaching within pair programming, navigator contributions to tasks, and the impact of partner interruptions. Key findings included (1) that all pairs exhibited episodes of teaching, often covering practical development knowledge, such as how to use programming-tool features, (2) that navigators contributed numerous ideas to the task and the pairs acted upon the vast majority of those ideas without discussion, and (3) that pairs exhibited almost no indications that partner interruptions disrupted their flow.
Ni(II)-promoted conversion of acrylamide to ethyl acrylate using the diels-alder reaction.

NI(II) can be used to accelerate the conversion of acrylamide to ethyl acrylate if a removable pyridyl ligand is used to increase the stability of the required nickel chelate via a cycloaddition/cycloreversion sequence.
HOW TO ARGUE FOR THE VALUE OF HUMANITY

: Significant effort has been devoted to locating a good argument for Kant's Formula of Humanity. In this paper, I contrast two arguments, based on Kant's text, for the Formula of Humanity. The first, which I call the ‘Valued Ends’ argument, is an influential and appealing argument developed most notably by Christine Korsgaard and Allen Wood. Notwithstanding the appeal and influence of this argument, it ultimately fails on several counts. I therefore present as an alternative the ‘Autonomy’ argument, which is largely inspired by the failings of the Valued Ends argument.
The effect of sorbed penetrants on the aging of previously dilated glassy polymer powders. Part III: The effect of exposure to lower alcohols on enthalpy relaxations in poly(methylmethacrylate)

Enthalpy relaxations in glassy poly(methyl-methacrylate) have been studied through the endothermic, sub-Tg, aging peak observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. Powder samples were swollen by exposure to high activity methanol vapor and then aged in vacuum and in the presence of low activities of methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol at 308 K. The position and size of the DSC aging peak, which developed during aging, were monitored as a function of aging time. The aging peaks which developed for the alcohol-aged samples were smaller than those observed for similar samples aged in vacuum. These results suggest that the presence of dissolved penetrant in the samples retarded or arrested the relaxations which were observed in otherwise identical experiments performed in vacuo. Contacting the powder samples with 0.05 activity n-propanol or 0.10 activity ethanol during aging also appeared to arrest the shift in the temperature of the peak with aging time, whereas aging in the presence of 0.10 activity methanol or 0.05 activity ethanol appeared to have no effect on the temperature of the aging peak. These results are qualitatively consistent with a complementary study of the effect of the presence of lower alcohols on the time dependence of sorption capacity.
Katanin Regulates Microtubule Dynamic Instability

Microtubule length regulation is required for proper spindle length and positioning, cilia formation, and axonal outgrowth. For correct microtubule organization to occur, microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) bind to microtubules and control the dynamics. Despite much work on stabilizing MAPs affecting microtubule dynamics, few studies have investigate the role of destabilizing MAPs on microtubules. Katanin, a known destabilizing MAP and the first-discovered microtubule severing enzyme, is a AAA+ enzyme that oligomerizes into hexamers and uses ATP hydrolysis to sever microtubules. We seek to measure the effects of katanin severing on microtubule dynamic instability in vitro, away from compounding cellular factors. We will use Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy on fluorescent microtubules and purified MBP-katanin to reveal that katanin is unable to sever dynamic microtubules, and instead modulates microtubules by changing the rates of growth and depolymerization. Our experiments also indicate that katanin does not modify the catastrophe rate of microtubules. Further work is required to disclose how katanin may work with stabilizing MAPs to control microtubule length.
Teenage Fathers: A Profile

In this century both the literature and social programs devoted to adolescent pregnancy have focused almost exclusively on the female. This article presents a profile of teenage fathers by reviewing the scant literature that is available. The authors make specific recommendations for counselors on the basis of this review.
The effect of (2′–5′) and (3′–5′) phosphodiester linkages on conformational and stacking properties of cytidylyl-cytidine in aqueous solution

Conformational properties of (2'-5') and (3'-5') CpC have been determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 220 MHz. The ribose ring structures are predominantly 3E with the exception of the ring from the 2'-phosphate fragment of C(2'-5')pC which exhibits an 2E pucker. Bases are oriented anti with respect to the ribose and the conformations about C4'-C5', C5'-O5', C3'-O3' (C2'-O2') are gg, g'g', and g+ in equilibrium g-, respectively. The dimers exist as mixtures of stacked (g+g+ and g-g- about the P-O(C) bonds) and unstacked species at 20 degrees C. Stacking is estimated to be 35% in both dimers.
Effect of thymidine on the toxicity and antitumor activity of Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)

The effect of thymidine (TdR) on the preclinical toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) was investigated in the BDF1 mouse and the Sprague-Dawley rat. The effect of TdR on the antitumor activity of DDP was investigated using the ascites P388 murine leukemia model. TdR at 500 mg/kg consistently decreased the recovery of body weight after DDP treatment IP, but did not affect the lethal toxicity of DDP to non-tumor-bearing mice or those with the P388 murine leukemia. This effect was greatest when TdR was injected 30 min prior to DDP and at higher doses of DDP. A 500-mg/kg dose of TdR did not affect the antitumor activity of DDP 5 mg/kg administered on days 1, 5, and 9. Treatment of rats with TdR 500 mg/kg according to various schedules of timing relative to a 5-mg/kg dose of DDP did not consistently affect the DDP-related loss in body weight or nephrotoxicity at day 3. Pretreatment of mice with TdR 1,500 mg/kg 30 min prior to DDP 5 mg/kg (every 4 days X 3) resulted in a slower recovery of body weight, which became more pronounced with increasing doses of DDP. Pretreatment of ascites P388-bearing mice with TdR 1,500 mg/kg increased the number of early deaths when mice were treated with DDP 5 mg/kg (days 1, 5, and 9). These data suggest that the cytotoxicity of DDP is increased by TdR only at higher doses of either drug, but that the antitumor activity against P388 murine leukemia is not affected.
Establishing Effective Linear Temperature Gradients for Ultrathin Bonded Concrete Overlays on Asphalt Pavements

The effective linear temperature gradient is a significant input needed to characterize the effects of environmental loadings when available pavement design procedures are used for bonded concrete overlays on asphalt (BCOA), also known as thin or ultrathin whitetopping. Establishing such an input is challenging and therefore has not been well guided in current BCOA design procedures across the country. Guidance is provided on suitable values for the effective equivalent linear temperature gradient (EELTG) that can be used in the design of ultrathin BCOAs. The EELTG is expressed as a function of the climatic conditions, geographical location, and design features of the BCOA: longitude, latitude, elevation, annual mean percentage of sunshine, overlay panel size, 28-day modulus of rupture for the portland cement concrete, and thickness of the hot-mix asphalt layer. Typical values for the annual mean percentage of sunshine are recommended to facilitate implementation of the proposed guideline in the current d...
A note on rendering 3-D strange-attractors

Abstract A simple graphics technique is described for enhancing features in drawings of 3-D chaotic attractors. Numerical recipes are included to encourage reader involvement.
HELICITY OF NEGATIVE MUONS FROM PION DECAY

A method for the direct measurement of the helicity of ic / sup -/ mesons from The effects of decay was suggested by Jackson, Treiman, and Wyld. The preliminary results of such an experiment, which involves the detection of the asymmetry of 6 wt.% Ru-U all decay of B/sup 12/ produced by polarized muons via the reaction ic /sup -/ + C/sup 12/ 1100 deg C are B/sup 12/ + , are reported. The results obtained are consistent with theoretical predictions and indicate a positive helicity for the negative muons. (A.C.)
The viability of the concept of a primary health care team: a view from the medical humanities.

To question the viability of the concept of a primary health care team implies at least the possibility that something about the nature of primary care, and about the nature of giving care in teams, places the two in conflict. In fact, a number of interesting and provocative questions concerning primary health care teams are in the areas of ethics and professional values. Primary care is inherently a 'moral notion', and when the concept of the health care team is yoked to that of primary care, the team takes on the normative coloration of primary care. This occurs at two levels. At a societal and professional level, the concept of a primary health care team depends on extra-professional values (e.g. a society's understanding of the requirements of social justice, funding priorities for health services, or the perceived worth of particular patient populations), and professional values such as autonomy and authority. At the level of face-to-face clinical encounters, questions arise as to a team's ability to maintain interpersonal and moral accountability to patients and society. Future research on the functioning of health care teams should focus more on these normative issues, rather than on the bureaucratic and logistical dimensions of team care that currently predominate in the professional literature.
Crystallization and rhenium MAD phasing of the acyl-homoserinelactone synthase EsaI.

Acyl-homoserine-l-lactones (AHLs) are diffusible chemical signals that are required for virulence of many Gram-negative bacteria. AHLs are produced by AHL synthases from two substrates, S-­adenosyl-l-methionine and acyl-acyl carrier protein. The AHL synthase EsaI, which is homologous to the AHL synthases from other pathogenic bacterial species, has been crystallized in the primitive tetragonal space group P43, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 66.40, c = 47.33 A. The structure was solved by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction with a novel use of the rhenium anomalous signal. The rhenium-containing structure has been refined to a resolution of 2.5 A and the perrhenate ion binding sites and liganding residues have been identified.
Paleosol caliche in the New Haven Arkose, Newark Group, Connecticut

Abstract The New Haven Arkose is a 1500–2500 m sequence of fluvial red beds of Late Triassic and probably Early Jurassic age that accumulated in a tropical rift valley. Streams flowing from highlands along the valley deposited braided channel sand interbedded with overbank mud. At most outcrops in Connecticut, some of the beds of red mudstone and sandstone contain paleosol caliche with densely packed root casts and rhizoconcretions. These calcified mudstones and sandstones commonly show the initial stages of calcification where subspherical to vertically elongate calcite nodules with crystic plasmic (microspar) fabric replace up to 50% of the host rock. In more mature paleosols, coalescing calcite nodules replace 50–95% of the rock, accompanied by paleosol mosaics of pedotubules, peds, and laminated crystallaria. The best developed caliche profiles are capped by thin (0–10 cm) layers of nearly pure limestone with complex fabrics of nodules, microspar, veins, caliche clasts, laminae, and calcite cement. The caliche profiles accumulated when rates of sedimentation were low. Much of the time the tropical paleoclimate was semiarid, perhaps with 100–500 mm of seasonal rain and a long dry season.
EFFECT OF TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON ACCELERATED CHEMICAL DURABILITY TESTS MADE ON COMMERCIAL GLASS BOTTLES

The effects of storage of solutions in glass bottles at room temperature are compared with the results of various accelerated tests with corresponding solutions in the first paper of this series. The acid tests at room temperature are in good agreement with those at higher temperatures. Relative resistances of glass bottles as shown by accelerated tests with water roughly parallel relative resistances appearing in room-temperature storage of unbuffered, neutral materials only if the various amounts of extraction are approximately the same at both temperatures. The tendency of bottles to produce flakes or insoluble matter in alkaline solutions bears no direct relation to the amount of soluble matter extracted by such solutions.
A critique of homeostatis: Season and metabolism

Bioclimatologic investigation has shown that the fluid bathing the body cells—the internal environment—exhibits definite seasonal variations with regard to the concentration of substances in that fluid. Physiologic theory, on the other hand, maintains that the concentration of substances in the internal environment is kept relatively constant by means of a complex homeostatic (neuro-endocrine) mechanism. As a consequence physiology teaches that man is free and independent of the cosmic environment. This conflict is examined in the case of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is concluded that the internal environment isnot constant. It follows then that man is not free and independent of the changes in the cosmic environment.
Imaging polarimetry in the LWIR with microgrid polarimeters

Microgrid polarimeters have emerged over the past decade as a viable tool for performing real-time, highly accurate polarimetric imagery. A microgrid polarimeter operates by integrating a focal plane array (FPA) with an array of micropolarizing optics. Mircrogrids have the advantage of being relatively compact, rugged, and inherently spatiotemporally aligned. However, they have the single disadvantage that the various polarization measurements that go into estimating the Stokes parameters at a particular pixel are actually coming from separate locations in the field. Hence, a microgrid polarimeter performs best where there is no image information, obviating the need for an imaging polarimeter! Recently we have been working with a LWIR microgrid polarimeter at the College of Optical Sciences. Our instrument is a DRS Sensors & Targeting Systems 640 x 480 HgCdTe FPA with linear polarizers at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° [1]. In this paper we will review our recent results that derive methods for artifact-free reconstruction of band limited imagery.
Guaranteed strategies to search for mobile evaders in the plane

This paper studies several problems of search in the two-dimensional plane for mobile intruders or evaders. In each case, both the searcher and evaders are assumed to have bounded velocities, with the velocity of the searcher greater than that of the evaders. The searcher has a sensor with a circular footprint which allows it to detect any evaders within the sensor radius. Unlike much of the past work done in search theory, the proposed strategies make no assumptions about the motion of the evaders, and are guaranteed to succeed for any trajectory of the evaders. The three problem formulations studied include the search for mobile targets through a linear corridor, the search for or bounding of mobile targets which start inside of a circular region, and the prevention of mobile targets from entering a circular region. The extension of the proposed strategies for multiple searchers is also discussed.
Curvilinear and higher order 'edge' finite elements in electromagnetic field computation

Edge type finite elements are very useful in computation of electromagnetic fields. Unlike nodal-based finite elements, they guarantee continuity of tangential components of the field variables across element interfaces. This, in turn, eliminates the so-called spurious solutions in eigenvalue, analysis in cavities. However, most of the work in this important area is done with linear, tetrahedral elements. With the exception of a few, specially constructed elements, higher order elements do not exist because there is no systematic way of constructing such elements. A method for the systematic construction of first and second order edge and facet finite elements and their use is presented in this work. Higher order elements are also considered. Both tetrahedral and hexahedral elements am presented. These are intimately related to the corresponding nodal-based elements, allowing an easy implementation in existing nodal-based finite element computer programs. The elements constructed are then used for mode analyses in electromagnetic cavities and in eddy current calculations.
NCAC: Network Congestion Analyzer and Controller

The stability of the current Internet architecture depends mostly on end-to-end TCP congestion control mechanisms. The Network Congestion Analyzer and Controller (NCAC) is an effort to build a complete user interface application to NS-2 that provides graphical access to most of NS2's functionalities. Besides, the application provides powerful visual tools for monitoring and displaying network performance metrics calculated by the simulation. The application is developed in Java to benefit from Java's portability and platform independence. There are three main parts in NCAC: (1) NS-2 interface, (2) network animation and alarm, and (3) graph plotting application. The functionality of each part is discussed.
Sex dependence of airflow limitation and air trapping in children with severe asthma

In this cross-sectional evaluation of 77 severe and 71 non-severe asthmatics ages 6–17, boys, unlike girls with severe asthma, exhibited adult-like patterns of air-trapping and post-bronchodilator airflow limitation, apparently coincident with the onset of the severe asthma phenotype.
Creating a Strong Disclosure-of-Wrongdoing Regime: The Role of the Public Service Integrity Officer of Canada

Canada enacted the Public Servants Disclosure Protection Act in 2006, nearly a decade after the United Kingdom and its former colonies Australia and New Zealand enacted whistle-blowing legislation, and almost two decades after the United States. Canada's law was unique in its comprehensiveness and in providing access by public servants and private citizens to an independent agent of Parliament, the public service integrity officer, who is exclusively responsible for investigating and resolving allegations of wrongdoing and protecting from reprisal those who make disclosures (with the provision of a tribunal to settle and remedy reprisal complaints not resolved by conciliation). This article is a study of the role of the public service integrity officer in creating a stronger disclosure-of-wrongdoing regime. It documents the impact of four years of advocacy with three different governments that in no small part contributed to a shift from a narrow, policy-based office with limited authority to a broad, leg...
Combinatorial Auction to Allocate Traffic

This paper proposes an auction system implemented with vehicle-to-infrastructure devices to toll and to allocate traffic. Vehicles bid for paths before entering the network. By solving an optimization problem, the system assigns vehicles to paths and computes the corresponding toll. A mathematical model of this auction is presented and analyzed. The paper proves that this auction mechanism guarantees truthful reporting and maximizes social utility. The auction is then tested on a network with 5,100 vehicles. The paper also discusses the use of the auction as a toll-setting mechanism for high-occupancy vehicle or high-occupancy toll lanes.
TDP-43 is a key player in the clinical features associated with Alzheimer’s disease

The aim of this study was to determine whether the TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) has any independent effect on the clinical and neuroimaging features typically ascribed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, and whether TDP-43 pathology could help shed light on the phenomenon of resilient cognition in AD. Three-hundred and forty-two subjects pathologically diagnosed with AD were screened for the presence, burden and distribution of TDP-43. All had been classified as cognitively impaired or normal, prior to death. Atlas-based parcellation and voxel-based morphometry were used to assess regional atrophy on MRI. Regression models controlling for age at death, apolipoprotein e4 and other AD-related pathologies were utilized to explore associations between TDP-43 and cognition or brain atrophy, stratified by Braak stage. In addition, we determined whether the effects of TDP-43 were mediated by hippocampal sclerosis. One-hundred and ninety-five (57%) cases were TDP-positive. After accounting for age, apolipoprotein e4 and other pathologies, TDP-43 had a strong effect on cognition, memory loss and medial temporal atrophy in AD. These effects were not mediated by hippocampal sclerosis. TDP-positive subjects were 10× more likely to be cognitively impaired at death compared to TDP-negative subjects. Greater cognitive impairment and medial temporal atrophy were associated with greater TDP-43 burden and more extensive TDP-43 distribution. TDP-43 is an important factor in the manifestation of the clinico-imaging features of AD. TDP-43 also appears to be able to overpower what has been termed resilient brain aging. TDP-43 therefore should be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.