cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact inhibition of speed in 3T3 and its independence from postconfluence inhibition of cell division.

The average speed of nuclear translocation of 3T3 cells, recorded in a time-lapse film of a perfused culture, was negatively correlated with the number of contacting cells, and, to a lesser degree, with the amount of a cell's perimeter in contact with other cells. When a cell was in contact with five or more other cells, its speed was reduced by 50%, on the average, although the variation in individual cell speed was considerable at each level of contact. A partial correlation analysis showed that any extracellular soluble factors governed by the local cell density had little or no effect on speed, relative to the prominent effect of the number of cell-cell contacts, and hence that 3T3 cells display true contact inhibition of speed. This confirms the original demonstration by Abercrombie and Heaysman (1952), who studied chick embryo heart fibrpolasts. In our study, the relationships between average speed and age of the culture was such that a possible independent contribution of a time-associated factor other than contact to the diminution in average speed, although not necessary to account for the data, could not be excluded. The same intercellular contacts found to inhibit speed in this study were previously reported to cause no immediate prolongation of individual cell generation times, despite the fact that the filmed culture was undergoing so-called “contact” inhibition of cell division. In the present study, moreover, no correlation was observed between the average speeds of individual cells and their generation times. Hence, postconfluence inhibition of cell division and contact inhibition of speed of cell movement seem to be independent phenomena.
Delay-based circuit authentication and applications

We describe a technique to reliably identify individual integrated circuits (ICs), based on a prior delay characterization of the IC.We describe a circuit architecture for a key card for which authentication is delay based, rather than based on a digital secret key. We argue that key cards built in this fashion are resistant to many known kinds of attacks.Since the delay of ICs can vary with environmental conditions such as temperature, we develop compensation schemes and show experimentally that reliable authentication can be performed in the presence of significant environmental variations.The delay information that is extracted from the IC can also be used to generate keys for use in classical cryptographic primitives. Applications that rely on these keys for security would be less vulnerable to physical attack.
Channelized bottom melting and stability of floating ice shelves

[1] The floating ice shelf in front of Petermann Glacier, in northwest Greenland, experiences massive bottom melting that removes 80% of its ice before calving into the Arctic Ocean. Detailed surveys of the ice shelf reveal the presence of 1–2 km wide, 200–400 m deep, sub-ice shelf channels, aligned with the flow direction and spaced by 5 km. We attribute their formation to the bottom melting of ice from warm ocean waters underneath. Drilling at the center of one of channel, only 8 m above sea level, confirms the presence of ice-shelf melt water in the channel. These deep incisions in ice-shelf thickness imply a vulnerability to mechanical break up and climate warming of ice shelves that has not been considered previously.
Adapting charting by exception to the perianesthesia setting

Many acute care settings are experiencing a shift toward ambulatory patientcare and are being pressured to decrease patient length of stay. Meanwhile, there is increased pressure to remain patient centered and to become more customer oriented. This article describes how the authors adapted charting-by-exception principles to develop a single ambulatory surgery nursing record for use from admission to discharge. The authors' goals were to condense documentation, to decrease time spent on documentation, and to diminish the variance in quality of documentation. This article also details how the new nursing record measures achievement of patient outcomes, with a focus of promoting street readiness.
Quantitative Salivary Proteomic Differences in Oral Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease

Purpose Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a severe immunological complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although oral cGVHD occurs in >25 % of cGVHD patients and leads to decreased quality of life, its etiology is poorly understood. The present retrospective cross-sectional analysis of oral cGVHD patients sought to (1) test the feasibility of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify protein biomarkers of oral cGVHD and (2) to gain a clearer understanding of salivary proteins impacted by oral cGVHD.
Mechanics of indentation of plastically graded materials—I: Analysis

Abstract The introduction of controlled gradients in plastic properties is known to influence the resistance to damage and cracking at contact surfaces in many tribological applications. In order to assess potentially beneficial effects of plastic property gradients in tribological applications, it is essential first to develop a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the effects of yield strength and strain hardening exponent on contact deformation under the most fundamental contact condition: normal indentation. To date, however, systematic and quantitative studies of plasticity gradient effects on indentation response have not been completed. A comprehensive parametric study of the mechanics of normal indentation of plastically graded materials was therefore undertaken in this work by recourse to finite element method (FEM) computations. On the basis of a large number of computational simulations, a general methodology for assessing instrumented indentation response of plastically graded materials is formulated so that quantitative interpretations of depth-sensing indentation experiments could be performed. The specific case of linear variation in yield strength with depth below the indented surface is explored in detail. Universal dimensionless functions are extracted from FEM simulations so as to predict the indentation load versus depth of penetration curves for a wide variety of plastically graded engineering metals and alloys for interpretation of, and comparisons with, experimental results. Furthermore, the effect of plasticity gradient on the residual indentation pile-up profile is systematically studied. The computations reveal that pile-up of the graded alloy around the indenter, for indentation with increasing yield strength beneath the surface, is noticeably higher than that for the two homogeneous reference materials that constitute the bounding conditions for the graded material. Pile-up is also found to be an increasing function of yield strength gradient and a decreasing function of frictional coefficient. The stress and plastic strain distributions under the indenter tip with and without plasticity gradient are also examined to rationalize the predicted trends. In Part II of this paper, we compare the predictions of depth-sensing indentation and pile-up response with experiments on a specially made, graded model Ni–W alloy with controlled gradients in nanocrystalline grain size.
The relative constancy approach to consumer spending for media

(1992). The relative constancy approach to consumer spending for media. Journal of Media Economics: Vol. 5, Approaches to the study of Media Economics, pp. 43-52.
An accurate computation of the hypergeometric distribution function

The computation of the cumulative hypergeometric distribution function is of interest to many researchers who are working in the computational sciences and related areas. Presented here is a new method for computing this function that applies prime number factorization to the factorials. We also apply cancellation to the numerator and denominator to reduce the computational complexity of the initial, the tail end, or weighted probabilities to achieve maximum accuracy. The new method includes two algorithms, one using recursion and the other using iteration. These two algorithms are machine independent; precision is arbitrary, subject to storage limitation. The development of the algorithms is discussed, and some test results and the comparison of these two algorithms are given. To implement both algorithms, we use the Ada programming language that is an American National Standard Institute standardized language. The language has special features such as exception handling and tasks. Exception handling is used to make programming easier and to prevent overflow or underflow conditions during the execution of the program. Tasks are used to compute the numerator and denominator concurrently, and to maximize the possible number of integer multiplications in the numerator and denominator. All of the computations can be done on currently available machines, and the time consumed by these computations remains reasonably small.
Design with Fiber Reinforcement for Thin Concrete Overlays Bonded to Asphalt

AbstractA thin concrete overlay bonded to asphalt pavement design approach has been developed by extending an existing ultrathin whitetopping (UTW) design method. A significant contribution to this proposed design method is the incorporation of fiber reinforcement into the structural design and concrete material specification, through the implementation of a residual strength ratio requirement. Climate and traffic inputs were simplified through the use of an equivalent temperature gradient and equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs). A probabilistic concrete fatigue algorithm was also used to allow engineers to select the appropriate level of reliability and the amount of cracking for the UTW project. The new concrete overlay design method is most influenced by the concrete flexural strength, fiber-reinforcement residual strength, slab size, traffic, and the underlying asphalt condition and thickness.
Sequence-Dependent Dynamics in Duplex DNA

The submicrosecond bending dynamics of duplex DNA were measured at a single site, using a site-specific electron paramagnetic resonance active spin probe. The observed dynamics are interpreted in terms of the mean squared amplitude of bending relative to the end-to-end vector defined by the weakly bending rod model. The bending dynamics monitored at the single site varied when the length and position of a repeated AT sequence, distant from the spin probe, were changed. As the distance between the probe and the AT sequence was increased, the mean squared amplitude of bending seen by the probe due to that sequence decreased. A model for the sequence-dependent internal flexural motion of duplex DNA, which casts the mean squared bending amplitudes in terms of sequence-dependent bending parameters, has been developed. The best fit of the data to the model occurs when the (AT)(n) basepairs are assumed to be 20% more flexible than the average of the basepairs within the control sequence. These findings provide a quantitative basis for interpreting the kinetics of biological processes that depend on duplex DNA flexibility, such as protein recognition and chromatin packaging.
Cosmic Jaws: We Eat the Gods and the Gods Eat Us

L'A. analyse le theme des mâchoires cosmiques chez les azteques du Mexique ou le ciel est une bouche et la terre une mâchoire a travers quatre types de sources: les images des evenements mythiques ou cosmiques, les images sculpturales ou ecrites de Tlaltecuhtli, deesse de la terre, et Tonatiuh, dieu du soleil, les prieres et les chants decrivant l'alimentation dans l'antimonde, la pratique rituelle de la consommation des guerriers ennemis comme strategie pour acquerir le charisme. L'intention de l'A. est d'identifier les processus et les croyances qui conduisent a la transformation magique du corps humain et corps divin
Shell Model Assignments for the Energy Levels of C 14 and N 14

Electromagnetic transition widths, reduced widths, and inelastic scattering cross sections are calculated for the following states of ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$: (1) The levels arising from the ground-state configuration, ${s}^{4}{p}^{10}$, (2) the odd-parity levels arising from excitation of a $1p$ nucleon into the degenerate $2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ shells, (3) the even-parity group of levels formed by excitation of two $1p$ nucleons into the $2s$ and $1d$ shells. The calculations for the ${s}^{4}{p}^{10}$ configuration are carried out using the wave functions of Elliott and of Visscher and Ferrell, and in $\mathrm{jj}$ coupling. The calculations for the odd-parity levels are done in the $\mathrm{jj}$-coupling scheme. For the even-parity excited configuration an inert ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ core is assumed and $M1$ radiative widths are calculated for states arising from ${s}^{2}+{d}^{2}+sd$. The calculations are compared to the existing data. On the basis of this comparison shell-model assignments are proposed for 19 of the 27 known levels below 11-Mev excitation in ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ and for all the known levels in ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ below 9-Mev excitation.
Genetic and morphological patterns show variation in frequency of hybrids between Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) zones of sympatry

Variation in rates of hybridization among zones of sympatry between a pair of species provides a useful window into the effect of local conditions on the evolution of reproductive isolation. We employed floral morphological traits and neutral genetic markers to quantify the frequency of individuals intermediate to the two parental species in two zones of sympatry between Ipomopsis aggregata and I. tenuituba, using clustering methods that make no a priori assumptions about population structure. The sites differed not only in the frequency of intermediate individuals, but also in climate, pollinator abundance and behavior and spatial structure of plant populations. Both floral traits, which are likely to be under natural selection and molecular markers, which are quasi-neutral, indicated more population structure at one site than the other, the pattern being more pronounced for floral morphology. One likely explanation for this difference between sites is that local ecological conditions, particularly pollinator choice of flowers, have promoted different rates of hybridization between these species. Hence, the evolution of reproductive isolation might depend in part on local conditions, and thus differ among populations of the same pair of species.
Theoretical analysis of iron-bore superconducting undulators

Abstract The unavoidable undulator field errors due to machining tolerances of the yokes lead to a reduction of the gain in comparison to the case computed with an ideally perfect undulator. We describe a mathematical model of errors in iron-dominated micro-undulators introduced by manufacturing tolerances. Explicit expressions for the perturbation fields are derived. We use these fields to calculate the first, second and phase integrals describing the effects on the electron trajectory. We conclude that the intrinsic tolerances achievable with wire electric discharge machining do not significantly affect the performance of the Accelerator Test Facility free-electron laser.
Gravity survey of a seamount near 35°N 46°W in the North Atlantic

Abstract Continuous gravity profiles were obtained over a seamount near 35°N 46°W in the North Atlantic Ocean. The seamount consists of two peaks but there are no individual Bouguer minima over each peak. Rather, a Bouguer minimum is centered over a saddle between the two peaks and cannot be attributed to a wrong choice of density in the Bouguer reductions. This minimum is interpreted as due to a secondary magma chamber.
The directionality of transfer and unlearning

Two experiments examined the directionality of associative interference by comparing the C-B, C-A, B-D, A-D, and C-D paradigms in terms of List 2 performance, S-R (A-B) recall, and R-S (B-A) recall. Special procedures were implemented to diminish paradigm differences in item accessibility. In both experiments, negative transfer obtained only in the A-D and B-D paradigms, RI of S-R obtained only in the A-D and C-A paradigms, and RI of R-S obtained only in the B-D and C-B paradigms. The results indicate that associative interference is unidirectional, but do not disclose whether this interference is a feature of storage or of retrieval.
Playa, playa lake, sabkha: Proposed definitions for old terms

The terms playa, playa lake and sabkha are often used inconsistently because the criteria for recognition are not clearly established and because current definitions are inadequate. Definitions are proposed here to reduce the ambiguities and contextual problems that currently exist. 1) Playa: a discharging intracontinental basin with a negative water balance, remaining dry 75% of the year, and often associated with evaporites. 2) Playa lake: a transitional category between playas and lakes, essentially a flooded playa as defined above. 3) Sabkha: a shallow basin limited to marginal marine settings and associated with several per cent gypsum or gypsum parting laminae due to preferential halite dissolution during flooding. This eliminates the need to distinguish between a coastal and continental sabkha, where continental sabkha is equivalent to playa.
Does the survival advantage of nonwhite dialysis patients persist after case mix adjustment

Abstract PURPOSE: Nonwhite dialysis patients survive longer than white patients; however, their clinical characteristics differ. We examined whether case mix differences explain the apparent survival advantage of nonwhite dialysis patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study using data from the US Renal Data System Case Mix Severity Study that included 4,797 randomly selected dialysis patients 20 years of age and older who were followed up for up to 6 years. Demographic, comorbidity, laboratory, nutritional, and functional status data were obtained. Multivariable proportional hazards models adjusted for case mix differences between nonwhite and white dialysis patients. Additional analyses examined the effects of differences in transplantation rates, withdrawal from dialysis rates, and treatment modality selection. RESULTS: Unadjusted survival rates of black, Native American, and Asian or Pacific Islander dialysis patients were similar, and better than that for white dialysis patients. Relative to whites, the unadjusted relative risk (RR) for mortality among nonwhite patients was 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58 to 0.70). Adjustment for case mix reduced, but did not eliminate, the survival advantage associated with nonwhite race (RR = 0.78, CI: 0.71 to 0.86). Adjustment for differences in transplantation rates (RR = 0.83, CI: 0.75 to 0.91), withdrawal from dialysis rates (RR = 0.81, CI: 0.73 to 0.90), and initial treatment modality (RR = 0.79, CI: 0.71 to 0.87) did not explain the lower mortality among nonwhites. CONCLUSIONS: A survival advantage for nonwhite dialysis patients persists after case mix adjustment. Future studies should explore additional physiologic and socioeconomic factors that might explain this difference.
A Harnack inequality for the equation ∇(a∇u)+b∇u=0, when |b|∈Kn+1

By proving a lower and an upper bound of the fundamental solutions of certain parabolic equations, we establish a Harnack inequality for some parabolic and elliptic equations which include: ∇(a∇u)+b∇u=0, |b|∈Kn+1.
Role of Turbulence in Star Formation in Elliptical Galaxies

IT appears that we are now in agreement that star formation in the central regions of elliptical galaxies under the conditions originally postulated by Dr. Cameron is highly improbable. Cameron still believes that such processes may go on outside the nuclear regions of such galaxies. To this I would offer the following brief comments:
On the cavitation of a swollen compressible sphere in finite elasticity

Abstract We consider a constitutive model for the treatment of swelling in the context of compressible hyperelasticity. It is developed as an extension of the conventional compressible theory by an additional dependence of the stored energy function on the local natural free volume due to swelling. For such a material model, we study the cavitation problem in spherical symmetry. A closed-form solution for cavitation is obtained for a class of materials characterized by two constitutive parameters (one for shear stiffness and the other for bulk stiffness). It is shown that the incompressible description of cavitation and swelling for an elastic sphere is then obtained in the limit wherein the bulk stiffness goes to infinity. In the absence of swelling this limit retrieves a neo-Hookean description for the materials under consideration. If the bulk stiffness is relatively large but finite, then a description for nearly incompressible cavitation and swelling is obtained.
Use of a Curriculum-Based Measure to Corroborate Eligibility Decisions:

This study examined the usefulness of the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System, a curriculum-based measure, to corroborate the findings of standardized, norm-referenced tests that establish eligibility for IDEA services for young children. Using a sample of children who were developing typically, a Rasch one-parameter dichotomous measurement model was used to determine cutoff scores for 6-month intervals on the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System. These cutoff scores were evaluated for accuracy with a group of children previously found eligible for services. In most cases, the cutoff scores identified eligible children accurately. Implications for the use of curriculum-based measures to establish eligibility for IDEA services are discussed.
Practical management of tendon disorders in the hand.

Learning Objectives:After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Recognize and treat common tendinopathies such as trigger finger and de Quervain tenosynovitis. 2. Recognize and treat flexor tendon and extensor tendon injuries. 3. Define the different zones where flexor tendon
Virtual versus Face-to-Face Teams: What Have we Really Learned?

While the issue of differences between virtual and face-to-face teams has garnered much interest, different conclusions have been reached. Specifically, the experimental literature on virtual teams...
Antecedent features of children in whom asthma develops during the second decade of life

In this report we compare 36 subjects in whom asthma was first diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 20 with 297 control subjects. All subjects were studied at age 5 to 9. Among the subjects who acquired a new diagnosis of asthma (NDA), the diagnosis was usually preceded by lower respiratory tract symptoms (31 of the 36 subjects had respiratory symptoms or a diagnosis of rhinitis or chronic bronchitis before asthma developed). Among those tested, more of those with NDA had positive allergy skin test results (56.5%) before diagnosis than control subjects (29.6%; p < 0.05), and the subjects with NDA had higher levels of serum IgE than control subjects (mean log serum IgE = 2.27 in subjects with NDA, 1.76 in control subjects; p < 0.05). Pulmonary function tests revealed no significant differences in the groups before diagnosis. Using logistic regression, we determined that wheezing, cough, a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, and a positive allergy skin test result were independent risk factors for asthma. When combinations of variables were used, subjects with wheezing and a positive allergy skin test result, cough and a positive test result, and also those with a prior diagnosis of chronic bronchitis alone were at highest risk of a subsequent diagnosis of asthma.
Unique forms of fast-sedimenting BU lambda DNA in a superinfected E. coli lysogen

Abstract When a lysogenic (immune) culture of Escherichia coli C thy -321 is superinfected with lambda phage in which 5-bromouracil (BU) has been substituted for the normal DNA base thymine, a large percentage of the linear BU lambda DNA injected into the cells is converted into a covalently closed circular monomer while a smaller amount is converted into DNA forms which sediment faster than the covalently closed circular monomer in both neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients. These unique BU-DNA structures form independently of coinfecting thymine lambda DNA, which forms only the covalently closed circular monomer. It has been found that the formation of the unique forms of fast-sedimenting BU lambda DNA is dependent upon the multiplicity of infection, i.e., the percent of unique forms is greatly reduced in cells superinfected at a multiplicity of infection of less than 1.0. This suggests that there is some type of atypical, intracellular interaction between two or more BU λ DNA molecules. Other observations concerning certain physical characteristics of these unique forms, such as their sedimentation properties in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients following exposure to ultraviolet (uv) light, indicate that they are structures which differ from each other in molecular weight rather than in superhelical density.
Thoughts on How to Organize a Data Set on Diplomatic Methods of Conflict Management

At the initial stages of organizing a data generation effort it is useful to think through the theoretical foundations for the data and the range of questions to which the data could be brought to bear. There are four areas where data on diplomatic interventions should prove particularly fruitful: (1) the notion of “ripe moments,” (2) sequencing of escalation and deescalation, (3) differing ideas about the outcome of diplomatic efforts, and (4) capturing the process of negotiation. A theoretical construct is discussed that can guide the generation of data on negotiations and point toward operational indicators of negotiation consistent with these constructs. Of particular importance, moreover, is a coherent focus on the outcome of the process to be recorded. There is considerable merit in designing a data set that allows testing of ideas about how diplomacy works. In effect, organizing a data generation effort in a manner that captures the essence of the bargaining process (concessions, ideal points, reservation points, etc.) can greatly enhance our knowledge of conflict management.
Production of colonization factor antigen II of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is subject to catabolite repression

Experiments were performed to study the effect of glucose on the production of the fimbrial colonization factor CFA/II of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC). The production of the CFA/II antigen was examined by electron microscopy, quantitative ELISA, and hemagglutination. The results showed that addition of 1% glucose to the growth medium drastically decreased CFA/II production, whereas addition of glycerol or sodium acetate did not have any effect. Bacteria grown in the presence of 1% glucose were essentially devoid of CFA/II fimbriae when examined under the electron microscope. Addition of 1 mM cAMP reversed the repressive effect of glucose, suggesting that the glucose suppression on CFA/II synthesis is via the mechanism of catabolite repression.
Away from the centre : Two recent local studies of Nazism from the Federal Republic

Teil A. Herausgegeben von Martin Broszat and Elke Frohlich, Bayern in der NS‐Zeit II. Herrschaft und Gesellschaft im Konflikt (1979), xxv+515 (Oldenbourg, Munchen, DM 38). (Bavaria in the Time of National Socialism. Power and Society in conflict). Bernd Burkhardt, Eine Stadt wird braun. Die nationalsozialistische Machtergreifung in der Provinz. Eine Fallstudie. Mit einem Geleitwort von Heinrich August Winkler (1980), 160 (Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg). (A City Turns Brown. The National Socialist Seizure of Power in the Province. A Case Study.)
Serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor in nonthyroidal illnesses

We have employed the recently developed competitive ligand binding assay (CLBA) to study thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI) in ether extracts of sera of 25 patients admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit with a variety of nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI). THBI was detected in 60% (1525) of patients using one sample/patient and in 88% (1517) using multiple (two to six) samples from different days. Mortality rate and mean serum concentrations of total T4, total T3, and albumin were similar in THBI-positive and THBI-negative patients. There was a tendency for a higher frequency of low serum total T4 in THBI-positive (1015) than in THBI-negative (310) patients but the difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.1 by Chi square). However, the mean dialyzable fraction of T4 (DFT4 0.11 ± 0.02%, n = 9 v 0.054 ± 0.004%, n = 10) and DFT3 (0.54 ± 0.05% v 0.40 ± 0.032%) were both significantly (P < 0.05) higher in THBI-positive patients than THBI-negative patients. There was a significant correlation between THBI and DFT4 (r = 0.55, P < 0.02) or DFT3 (r = 0.54, P < 0.02). Prior extraction of serum with ether reduced DFT4 in NTI patients with high baseline DFT4 but not in normal subjects or NTI patients with mildly abnormal baseline DFT4. Addition to a normal serum (0.1 mL) of evaporated ether extract of a pooled NTI serum (0.10- to 3.0-mL equivalent) increased DFT4 progressively from 0.025% to 0.14%. Similar extract of a pooled serum of normal subjects had little or no effect. THBI caused a 2.1 to 3.7 fold greater increase above baseline in DFT4 than in DFT3 of a pooled normal serum. Addition of THBI to a normal serum increased its DFT4 by 35 to 377% but increased the resin uptake of T3 (RT3U) only by 18 to 37%. THBI reduced T4 binding activity of TBG, albumin or prealbumin in the CLBA. The effect of THBI on T4 binding activity of TBG was also studied in the competitive protein binding assay of Murphy and Patee. Scatchard plots of the data suggested that THBI reduces T4 binding to TBG by reducing its affinity for T4. In the CLBA, THBI activity of ether extract of NTI serum was increased ∼threefold by reducing the amount of albumin from 4.5 mg to 1.5 mg per assay tube. Similarly, THBI was more active when charcoal-treated NTI serum was used in place of charcoal-treated normal serum in the CLBA. The various data suggest that: (1) THBI is present very commonly in sera of NTI patients; (2) THBI inhibits T4 binding to all three T4-binding serum proteins; (3) THBI may contribute to high DFT4, high DFT3 and the frequently observed discrepancy between DFT4 and RT3U in NTI; and (4) Low serum albumin in NTI may enhance the activity of THBI.
Bound state of an external impurity at a semiconductor-semiconductor interface in the presence of a magnetic field.

A bound state is formed when a conduction electron in GaAs is attracted to a positively charged donor impurity located on the Ga/sub 1-x/Al/sub x/As side of a GaAs-Ga/sub 1-x/Al/sub x/As heterojunction. The potential barrier height between the two semiconductors is large enough to restrict the electronic wave function to the GaAs side of the interface. For a given impurity depth the electronic binding energy as a function of magnetic field, directed normal to the interface, is shown to have a maximum and eventually the electron becomes unbound at experimentally realizable magnetic field strengths.
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy and Culture of Bacteria from the Lower Respiratory Tract

Forty-five specimens were obtained by sequential translaryngeal aspiration and fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 31 clinically uninfected patients with lung cancer in order to evaluate the reliability of routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy for culture of the lower respiratory tract. Bacteria were recovered from 98 percent (44) of the specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy and from 58 percent (26) of the specimens obtained by the preceding translaryngeal aspiration. The microorganisms grown from cultures of specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy consisted of mixtures of both nonpathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were present in 87 percent (39) of the specimens from fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 31 percent (14) of specimens from translaryngeal aspiration. The results of cultures from the two procedures agreed completely in only a single instance. Culture of washings or secretions obtained by routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy is not recommended because it provides inaccurate and clinically confusing information about the presence or types of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract prior to instrumentation.
Screening for lung cancer with CT: a preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis.

Study objective To appraise the potential cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening with CT. Study design Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are estimated for two hypothetical cohorts followed up over time. One cohort was screened over the first 5 years of the study period; the other cohort received usual care. Cost streams are projected for each cohort under alternative sets of parameters/ assumptions and from the perspective of national payer groups. Cohort cost differentials arise as a result of screening and variations in stage-specific treatment. Cohort life expectancies are also projected, and they too differ as a consequence of variations in the stage distribution at diagnosis. The ratios of these cost and life-expectancy differences are used to judge the expected economic value of screening. Results Results are analyzed for a "worst-case" scenario, ie, with the highest cost and lowest yield assumptions. Under these conditions, screening with CT costs approximately $48,000 per life-year gained, if screening results in 50% of lung cancers detected at localized stage. Smaller proportions of cancer detected at a localized stage result in higher cost-effectiveness ratios, and vice versa. Conclusion If screening for lung cancer is effective, it is likely to be cost-effective if the screening process can detect > 50% of cancers at localized stage.
Beyond Policy Representation in the U.S. House: Partisanship, Polarization, and Citizens' Attitudes About Casework

Although a great deal of work shows that House members generally effectively represent the policy preferences of the majority of voters in their district, we know less about a more general level of representation enjoyed by those who do not support the incumbent. This problem is conceptualized by examining whether citizens, especially those in the opposing constituency, view casework as a partisan enterprise. Using data from the American National Election Study (ANES) cumulative file, this alternate way to consider representation illustrates that members of the opposing constituency are less satisfied with casework and less likely to think their representative would be helpful if contacted. Additionally, negative attitudes about casework generally increase in size for all citizens as the parties become increasingly polarized at the elite level and as one's individual representative becomes more extreme. Implications regarding the importance of political parties in the representation process are discussed.
Retrograde jejunogastric decompression after esophagectomy is superior to nasogastric drainage.

Background Nasogastric tubes (NG) are commonly used for maintaining conduit decompression after esophagectomy. We investigated the use of retrograde tube gastrostomy (RG) after esophagectomy. Methods Patients underwent either NG or RG placement for postoperative conduit decompression. Both tubes were maintained on low continuous suction. Results Between 2000 and 2008, 306 patients underwent esophagectomy with reconstruction. One hundred ninety-three patients underwent NG and 113 underwent RG placement. The 2 groups were comparable in age, gender, tumor stage, and smoking status. Patients in the NG group were more likely to have received neoadjuvant therapy and to have a thoracotomy for esophagectomy. The incidence of respiratory complications was lower in the retrograde group compared with the NG group: Pneumonia, 9 of 113(8.0%) vs 50 of 193 (25.9%), p p = 0.004; aspiration, 4 of 113 (3.5%) vs 20 of 193 (10.4%), p =0.045. The incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias was also lower in the retrograde group (18 of 113 [15.9%] vs 69 of 193 [35.8%], p Conclusions Retrograde gastrostomy decompression of the conduit after esophagectomy is effective and diminishes complications compared with NG tube drainage.
Network analysis of RE-AIM framework: chronology of the field and the connectivity of its contributors

The reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework has been widely used for translational research. We used social network analysis (SNA) to explore how innovative research frameworks, such as RE-AIM, have diffused over time in academic literature. A structured literature review was conducted on RE-AIM between 1999 and 2012. SNA indices of degree score, betweenness, centrality, and authorship ties were used to examine use of RE-AIM. Use of RE-AIM has grown since its inception and spread from a few research centers to use internationally. Investigation of co-authorship revealed many have published on RE-AIM, but a much smaller core of RE-AIM researchers have published together two or more times. SNA revealed how the RE-AIM framework has been used over time and identified areas to further expand use of the framework. SNA can be useful to understand how research frameworks diffuse over time.
Federalist No. 70: Where Does the Public Service Begin and End?

Federalist No. 70 argues that presidents will rise above factions through their power to assemble a government composed of highly motivated, accountable officers. The author confronts this assumption through a detailed examination of the heavy use of contractors in today’s administrative state. She documents the challenges and dangers associated with the role of contractors to execute the laws through broad mandates. An appendix to Federalist No. 70 offers a series of tweets that would introduce needed reforms in the hidden workforce of contractors.
CARBON-13 NMR: A TOOL FOR STUDYING DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE KINETICS IN COBALT(III) AMINOCARBOXYLATES

Abstract Carbon-13 nmr spectral assignments of some Cobalt(III) Aminocarboxylates are presented. Natural abundance 13C spectra were obtained with a Varian Associates XL-100/15 FT nmr spectrometer equipped with an integration subroutine and a broad band proton decoupler. The kinetics of deuterium substitution on glycinate rings of Co(III)EDTA, Co(III)CyDTA, and Co(III)PDTA were studied. Rate constants obtained here are in good agreement with those obtained in previous pmr studies. Rate constants for some glycinate proton exchanges that were previously unattainable by pmr are also presented. The advantages of using 13C nmr over pmr in these studies are discussed. This study was done at 95°C and pD = 1.5. The rate of isotopic exchange was monitored by the decrease in the proton decoupled integral of the 13C resonances.
A Web Interface to Parallel Program Source Code Archetypes

This paper describes a set of tools for annotating and exploring program source code on the World Wide Web (WWW). These tools are part of a project to build an electronic textbook for parallel programming that exploits the Caltech Archetypes model of program construction. The tools provide a simple way for Fortran, HPF and C++ programmers to add special annotations to source codes that allow the source code to be converted automatically into WWW hypertext documents. In addition, special compiler based tools examine the source code and discover all subroutine call sites and automatically build the hypertext links to the appropriate subroutine definitions. In the case of parallel C++, a complete class browser has been constructed in HTML and the compiler based tools generates the data base of application specific type and program information.
Use of Nd:YAG laser in pancreatic resections with duodenal preservation in the dog

The trend in recent years for treatment of pancreatic carcinoma and occasionally for pancreatitis has been towards total pancreatectomy. The pancreas is also now being harvested for transplantation. Any operative technique that can reduce operating time, blood loss, and associated morbidity and mortality would be of tremendous advantage. The aim of this study was to undertake a total pancreatectomy using the Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1,060 nm) with a helium neon laser (wavelength 628 nm) incorporated to provide a marker beam. The laser beam was passed into a 400 micron flexible glass fiber enclosed in a 2.5 mm polyethylene cannula, which also served as a conduit for coaxial CO2. The laser was operated in a continuous wave mode, and the fiber exit beam had a divergence of 10 degrees. For photocoagulation and tissue vaporization, peak powers of 50 W were used with 0.5-1 sec pulses. The total pancreatectomy using the Nd:YAG laser was performed in eight dogs, and ten dogs undergoing the conventional operative procedure served as controls. The findings indicate that the Nd:YAG laser could be used effectively and safely. The operating time was considerably diminished (P less than 0.01); the number of ligatures used was smaller; blood loss, graft survival, and duodenal viability were similar. The Nd:YAG laser offers a new therapeutic modality in the performance of tedious and often difficult pancreatic surgery.
Kinetic properties of the GABAA receptor main conductance state of mouse spinal cord neurones in culture.

1. The kinetic properties of the main conductance state of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA) receptor channels from somata of mouse spinal cord neurones in cell culture were investigated using patch clamp techniques. 2. Whole-cell GABA receptor currents increased in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.5 to 5 microM. 3. Single-channel currents were recorded with a main conductance state of 27.2 pS and a less frequent conductance state of 15.9 pS. The main conductance state opened singly and in bursts of several openings. 4. Mean open times of GABA receptor main conductance currents were increased and open-time frequency histograms were shifted to longer times as GABA concentration was increased from 0.5 to 5 microM. Three exponential functions were required to fit the histograms at all GABA concentrations, suggesting that the channel opened into at least three open states (O1, O2 and O3). The three functions had the same time constants (1.0 +/- 0.2, 3.7 +/- 0.4 and 11.3 +/- 0.5 ms; mean +/- S.D.) at each concentration. The increase in long open times with concentration was due to a shift in relative frequency of occurrence of openings from the shortest (O1) to the two longest (O2 and O3) open states. 5. Closed-time distributions of closures between main conductance state openings were fitted with multiple exponential functions, suggesting that the channel had several closed states. The two shortest time constants (0.24 +/- 0.03 and 2.0 +/- 0.3 ms) were concentration independent (0.5 to 5 microM). Three longer time constants decreased as concentration increased. 6. Bursts were defined as groups of openings surrounded by closures greater than a critical closed time (tc = 5 ms). Mean burst durations were increased and burst duration frequency histograms were shifted to longer times as GABA concentration was increased from 0.5 to 5 microM. Burst-duration frequency histograms were best fitted with three exponential functions. The time constants were concentration independent and were 1.0 +/- 0.2, 5.5 +/- 0.2 and 29.8 +/- 1.6 ms. The increase in burst duration with concentration was due to a relative shift from short duration bursts to longer duration bursts. 7. The shortest burst time constant was similar to the shortest open time constant suggesting that there was a population of single openings of short duration. The two longest burst time constants were longer than the two longest open time constants, suggesting that the bursts from the two longest burst components were composed of two or more openings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
MMP-9 levels in elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction after carotid surgery

Approximately 25% of elderly patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) develop post-operative cognitive dysfunction (CD). We tested the hypothesis that the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are predictive of moderate to severe CD after CEA. A total of 73 patients were prospectively enrolled in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and day 1 post-surgery. We measured the plasma concentrations of both MMP-9 and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1). We estimated the MMP-9 activity by calculating the MMP-9:TIMP-1 ratio. The cognitive performance day 1 post-surgery was quantified with z-scores, using a control group who were undergoing spinal surgery. The criteria used to define CD was performance of >or=1.5 standard deviations worse than the control group; approximately 19% of eligible patients developed CD. Compared to patients without CD, this group had both higher total (81.66+/-12.25 ng/mL versus [vs.] 43.18+/-4.44 ng/mL, p=0.005) and activity (0.88+/-0.24 ng/mL vs. 0.54+/-0.06 ng/mL, p=0.003) MMP-9 levels at baseline. All of the results were adjusted for age, diabetes and neurovascular symptoms.
Quantification of picomole amounts of leu‐enkephalin by means of field desorption mass spectrometry

Leu-enkephalin is quantified down to 30 ng (52 pmol) by means of field desorption mass spectrometry. Extensive chemical derivatization (acetylation, permethylation) is avoided. Linearity is obtained from 30 to 900 ng.
Mechanism of current collapse removal in field-plated nitride HFETs

An experimental study of the mechanism of RF current collapse removal in high-power nitride-based HFETs is presented. The results show that the conductivity of the dielectric material under the field plate plays a crucial role in the current collapse removal. Identical geometry field plated HFETs differing only in the FP dielectric conductivity show varying degree of current collapse removal. Devices with semiconducting dielectric layers exhibit perfectly linear RF power - drain bias dependence with the output powers of 20 W/mm at 55 V drain bias with essentially no current collapse. A trapped charge discharging model is presented to explain the removal of current collapse in FPd devices.
[PSI+]: An Epigenetic Modulator of Translation Termination Efficiency

▪ Abstract The [PSI+] factor of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an epigenetic regulator of translation termination. More than three decades ago, genetic analysis of the transmission of [PSI+] revealed a complex and often contradictory series of observations. However, many of these discrepancies may now be reconciled by a revolutionary hypothesis: protein conformation-based inheritance (the prion hypothesis). This model predicts that a single protein can stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype. Propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other. Mounting genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the determinant of [PSI+] is the nuclear encoded Sup35p, a component of the translation termination complex. Here we review the series of experiments supporting the yeast prion hypothesis and provide another look at the 30 years of work preceding this theory in light of our curren...
Ideological Think Tanks in the States: An Inventory of Their Prevalence, Networks, and Higher Education Policy Activity.

This study takes an inventory of a particular type of intermediary organization ascendant within the state-level higher education policy: ideological think tanks. Our inventory identifies 99 think ...