cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opiate regulation of maternal behavior in the rat

Abstract The effects of the opiate agonist morphine, the opiate antagonist naloxone and the weak opiate nonanalgesic dextrophan on the expression of maternal behavior were investigated in a series of three experiments. In the first experiment treatment of rats with morphine (5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) after ovariectomy and hysterectomy on day 17 of gestation resulted in a disruption in the onset and quality of maternal responsiveness in the homecage and in a T-maze test. The duration of morphine's acute disruptive action was 2–4 hours. In the second experiment concurrent treatment of morphine-injected rats with naloxone prevented the disruptive effects of morphine in both the homecage and T-maze tests. The effects of morphine did not appear to result from a severe alteration in activity levels as measured in an open-field test, although morphine did increase activity slightly by the fifth day of treatment. In the third experiment treatment of rats after ovariectomy plus hysterectomy on day 17 of gestation with dextrophan failed to disrupt maternal behavior. These results indicate that morphine disrupts maternal behavior through an opiate receptor mechanism, and suggests to us that endogenous opiates may mediate the expression of maternal behavior under certain physiological conditions.
Tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium Adsorption and Reaction on Hydrogen Terminated Si(100) Surfaces

The adsorption and reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium (TDMAH) on hydrogen terminated Si(100) were studied by using in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), transmission IR, and quadrupole mass spectrometry (Q-MS). Surface and gas phase reactions were investigated at temperatures between 25 and 300 °C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations benchmarked by coupled cluster calculations on small models were performed for gas phase decomposition via intramolecular insertion and β-hydride elimination as well as the adsorption and reaction of TDMAH onto a hydrogen terminated Si(100) surface. N−Si and CH2−Si bonds due to reactions on the Si windows were observed in transmission IR, while N−Ge and CH2−Ge bonds on a Ge internal reflectance element (IRE) were observed by ATR-FTIR at 25 and 100 °C. Also observed were the formation of Hf−H bonds and three-member-ring species on the Si surface; the former was confirmed by a control D2O exchange reaction expe...
Big Bang Blackbody Simulator

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a remnant glow from the Big Bang, and as such it provides us with a direct view into the early universe. By mapping out the CMB we are able to view the universe as it appeared when it was only 400,000 years old. The CMB radiates as an almost perfect blackbody at a temperature of 2.7 Kelvin. It is necessary to be able to simulate the CMB as a blackbody source in order to allow us to test instrumentation intended for CMB observation. The purpose of the Big Bang Blackbody Simulator is to construct a blackbody ‘cold load’ to measure the microwave response of superconducting Transition-Edge Hot-Electron Microbolometers. These detectors will allow us to measure the faint polarization signals in the CMB that are expected to be the result of gravitational waves generated in the very first moments of the universe.
No Increase in Rejection or Graft Loss in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Thrombophilia Treated With Anticoagulation and Triple Immunosuppression

Abstract Introduction Recent studies from Europe have demonstrated that patients with end-stage renal disease who receive a kidney transplant are at an increased risk for rejection and graft loss when compared with patients who have no known thrombophilia. The role of anticoagulation has not been investigated in these patients. Materials and methods We prospectively tested patients who were evaluated for a kidney transplant for 8 thrombophilias, protein S and C deficiencies, factor V Leiden mutation, antithrombin III deficiency, anticardiolipin antibody, lupus anticoagulant, prothrombin gene mutation, and heparin-induced platelet antibody (HIPA). Patients with any identified thrombophilia received heparin or argatroban (for HIPA (+) patients) followed by coumadin for 1 year after transplantation. Triple therapy included cyclosporine, prednisone, and CellCept (Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley, NJ, USA). Sensitized, black, or repeat transplantation patients received induction with an interleukin (IL)-2 inhibitor. Data were collected in a retrospective manner. Rejection was biopsy-proven. Results Of the 112 transplant recipients who were tested for thrombophilia, 37 had 1 or more thrombophilia and 75 had no thrombophilia identified. Twenty-six patients received heparin and 11 received argatroban. There were no differences in recipient age, cold storage time, graft loss, HLA match, rejection episodes, 1-year graft survival, or serum creatinine level at 1 year. Significant differences were noted in posttransplantation bleeding, 35% versus 5%, and delayed graft function, 32% versus 15%, in patients with thrombophilia versus no thrombophilia, respectively. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that there is no increase in rejection or graft loss in kidney transplant recipients with thrombophilia when treated with anticoagulation and triple immunosuppression.
Biochar activated by oxygen plasma for supercapacitors

Abstract Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis. As a low-cost, environmental-friendly material, biochar has the potential to replace more expensive synthesized carbon nanomaterials (e.g. carbon nanotubes) for use in future supercapacitors. To achieve high capacitance, biochar requires proper activation. A conventional approach involves mixing biochar with a strong base and baking at a high temperature. However, this process is time consuming and energy inefficient (requiring temperatures >900 °C). This work demonstrates a low-temperature (
Free fatty acid inhibition of the insulin induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat hepatocyte monolayers

Rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture were utilized to determine if the decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity resulting from the ingestion of fat can be mimicked by the addition of fatty acids to a chemically, hormonally defined medium. G6PD activity in cultured hepatocytes was induced several-fold by insulin. Dexamethasone or T3 did not amplify the insulin induction of G6PD. Glucose alone increased G6PD activity in cultured hepatocytes from fasted donors by nearly 500%. Insulin in combination with glucose induced G6PD an additional two-fold. The increase in G6PD activity caused by glucose was greater in hepatocytes isolated from 72 hr-fasted rats as compared to fed donor rats. Such a response was reminiscent of the “overshoot” phenomenon in which G6PD activity is induced well above the normal level by fasting-refeeding rats a high glucose diet. Addition of linoleate to the medium resulted in a significant suppression of insulin’s ability to induce G6PD, but linoleate had no effect on the induction of G6PD activity by glucose alone. A shift to the right in the insulin-response curve for the induction of G6PD also was detected for the induction of malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Arachidonate (0.25 mM) was a significantly more effective inhibitor of the insulin action than linoleate was. Apparently rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture can be utilized as a model to investigate the molecular mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit the production of lipogenic enzymes. In part, this mechanism of fatty acid inhibition involves desensitization of hepatocytes to the lipogenic action of insulin.
Stability of cell antigens and their value as genetic markers

F o r many years the study of antigens of animal cells, with a few notable exceptions, was not very rewarding. Among many reasons for the frequent lack of success were the relative complexity of antigenic composition, inability to obtain purified antigens which were reactive, failure to elicit production of high-titered antisera, and inadequate methods for detection and quantitation of antibody to cell or tissue antigens. The difficulties now have been overcome in large measure. Methods for tissue disaggregation as well as cell and tissue culture techniques provide ample quantities of cells for immunization and for testing. Cells can be freed of serum or other contaminants and in some cases cells of a single histologic type can be used. Fractionation and purification methods make possible preparation of antigens of high purity either on a morphologic or a biochemical basis. Use of adjuvants and of vastly improved immunization procedures, along with availability of superior antigens, often results in the production of high titered antisera. Specificity of reactions is en-
Complementary Filter to Estimate Inertial Velocity

Long appreciated advantageous stability and performance properties of "skyhook damping" are dependent on availability of an inertially referenced velocity signal. In this work a practical complementary filter using acceleration and position measurements is proposed to construct a high quality inertial velocity signal. The filter was used in a hydraulic suspension system, which isolates the cab of a semitractor from pitching motion of the frame. Low frequency pseudo-integration properties previously limited actual system performance on the vehicle. When the proposed complimentary filter was implemented, a nearly 10 dB improvement in resonant frequency attenuation was achieved while maintaining consistent stability margins.
Relationships Among Minimum Requirements, Facebook Likes, and Groupon Deal Outcomes

Daily deal coupons have gained a prominent foothold on the web. The earliest and largest player is Groupon. Originally, Groupon deals were a mix of deals with a minimum requirement (MR) of coupon sales before a deal became effective and of deals without a minimum requirement (NMR). Eventually, Groupon stopped using MR deals. For Groupon and its retailer customers, might this decision have actually resulted in negative impacts for both parties (fewer coupons sold and lower revenue)? The structure of Groupon deals (including a “Facebook like” option) together with electronic access to the necessary data offered the opportunity to empirically investigate these questions. We analyzed relationships among MR, Facebook likes (FL), quantity of coupons sold, and total revenue, performing the analysis across the four largest retail categories. Using timestamped empirical data, we completed a propensity score analysis of causal effects. We find that the presence of MR increases Facebook likes, quantity of coupons sold, and total revenue at the time point when the MR is met and at subsequent 2-hour intervals over the horizon of deals. A key finding is that the initial differences observed when MR is met not only continue but also actually increase over the life of the deals.
Development of two endomycorrhizal symbioses on soybean and comparison with phosphorus fertilization

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Amsoy 71) plants were grown in a greenhouse in a soil very low in plant-available P, and plants were harvested 5 times over a 21-week growth period. Soybeans were inoculated with one of two species of VAM fungi or received daily one of three nutrient solutions of different P concentrations (0.0, 0.2, or 1.0mMP). Until week 9, the dry weights, leaf areas and developmental stage of soybeans inoculated withG. fasciculatum orG. mosseae were similar to the 1.0 or 0.2mMP-treated plants, respectively. Phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower in VAM plants at weeks 6 and 9 as compared to non-VAM soybeans given 1.0mMP, suggesting P input in VAM plants was immediately used for new growth. Total P input for VAM plants was linear over 21 weeks, and the average rate of P uptake for these plants was 0.19mg P d−1. Estimated specific P uptake rates (SPUR) for the mycorrhizae (VAM roots) were twice that of the control (0.0mMP) roots. The calculated SPURs forG. fasciculatum andG. mosseae hyphae were 95 and 120μg P g−1 VAM d−1 respectively, a 4 to 5 fold increase over non-inoculated roots, indicating more attention must be paid to P assimilation by VAM fungi in P-fixing substrates.
A new method for weak signals' DOA estimation in the presence of strong interferences

Based on the extended noise subspace, the case of weak signal direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in presence of strong jamming is studied, and a novel approach is given in this paper. Under the condition knowing the number of strong interferences, first, the method forms the extended noise subspace, then, uses the conventional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to constrain the strong interferences effectively and estimates weak signals' DOA information accurately based on the extended noise subspace. The method does not require the angle information of strong interferences and it has the same computation burden as conventional MUSIC. Theoretic analysis and computer simulation demonstrate the method is effective and feasible.
pH, temperature, humidity and the dynamic force-area curve of dipalmitoyl lecithin.

Abstract Both high pH at 25°C and humidity at 37°C prevent DPL films from attaining zero surface tension, whereas humidity at 25°C and high pH at 37°C do not. At 37°C DPL lowered surface tension to zero when spread from organic solvent or when adsorbed from aqueous 0.15 M Nad in the surface balance in which the surface film was exposed to the room air (dry film). Upon saturation of the atmosphere with water vapor in equilibrium with the aqueous phase at 37°C in a closed chamber, DPL lost the ability to produce zero surface tension, and the γmin of the DPL film increased from zero to 22 dyne/cm. Addition of DPL in chloroform to distilled water before dispersion by sonication did not prevent the effect of the humidity. However, when the chloroform solution of DPL was added to 0.15 M Nad before sonication, the adsorbed film produced immediately a stable γmin of zero in a saturated atmosphere, 37 °C. In the absence of chloroform, with DPL adsorbed from either distilled water or 0.15 M Nad, the effect of humidity was reversed either by removing the chamber and returning the wet film to room air or by introducing small quantities of dispersing agents such as cholesteryl palmitate. However, whereas the effect of humidifying the air was reversible indefinitely, the effect of cholesteryl palmitate (zero surface tension, wet or dry film) was irreversible. This means that there are substances or conditions that can assist DPL films in maintaining zero surface tension when such films are exposed to humidity-saturated air at 37 °C.
Recurrent granulosa cell tumor presenting with spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage: A case report

► Patients diagnosed with granulosa cell tumor require long-term surveillance. ► Recurrent granulosa cell tumor may present as spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage. ► We present an unusual case of recurrent granulosa cell tumor resulting in retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
Selenium toxicity to Daphnia magna, Hyallela azteca, and the fathead minnow in hard water.

This paper reports on the comparative toxicity of selenium to three common representatives of the warm-water biota, Daphnia magna, Hyallela azteca, and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
The Mature Athlete's Shoulder.

Context:The mature athlete’s shoulder remains a challenging clinical condition to manage. A normal natural history of the shoulder includes stiffness, rotator cuff tears, and osteoarthritis, all of which can become increasingly more symptomatic as an athlete ages.Evidence Acquisition:PubMed (1978-2013).Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 3-4.Results:Rotator cuff pathology increases with age and activity level. Partial tears rarely heal, and debridement of significant partial tears results in poorer outcomes than those of repair. Repair of partial-thickness tears can be accomplished with completion and subsequent repair or in situ repair. The most successful result for treatment of osteoarthritis in the shoulder remains total shoulder arthroplasty, with more than 80% survival at 20 years and high rates of return to sport. Caution should be taken in patients younger than 60 years, as they show much worse results with this treatment. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder can be successfully tr...
Dialysability of Theophylline

We have shown that theophylline is highly dialysable with an average dialysis clearance of 76 ml/min approaching 63% of urea clearance with hemodialysis. Implications include dose adjustment during dialysis and efficacy of dialytic technique in the treatment of theophylline intoxication.
WORRY FACILITATES CORTICOSPINAL MOTOR RESPONSE TO TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION

Like other forms of emotion, anxiety has been theoretically linked to preparation for action. Worry is a type of anticipatory anxiety and the hallmark of generalized anxiety disorder. Research has shown that worry is associated with vigilance to threat cues and increased muscle tension, which may in part be explained by motor facilitation that accompanies preparation for action. This study assessed corticospinal motor responses during worry using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Participants received TMS during a worry induction, during motor imagery, and during mental arithmetic, while electromyography and force were measured. TMS over the primary motor cortex elicited larger corticospinal motor responses during worry than mental arithmetic and smaller responses than motor imagery of maximum voluntary contraction of targeted muscles. These findings suggest that the association between worry and motor preparation cannot be explained by high cognitive load and provide further support for theoretical accounts emphasizing the role of action preparation in anxiety.
Prevalence and Isotypic Complexity of the Anti-Chinese Hamster Ovary Host Cell Protein Antibodies in Normal Human Serum

Host cell-derived protein impurities may be present at low levels in biopharmaceutical products. Antibodies to host cell proteins are present in individuals with no known exposure to these products. In this study, antibodies to drug process-specific Chinese hamster ovary host cell-derived proteins (CHO-HCP) were measured in unexposed individuals using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples that tested positive for anti-CHO-HCP reactivity were further characterized to determine the isotypes and IgG subclasses expressed in each positive individual. The specificity of the detected anti-CHO-HCP antibody isotypes was confirmed by the competitive inhibition assay and the uncoated plate specificity testing. These antibody characterization experiments revealed that the prevalent anti-CHO-HCP antibody subclasses were predominantly IgG1 (present in 66.6% of individuals) and IgG2 (60%), with 33.3% positive for IgG3 while IgG4 was detected in low abundance. Forty percent (40%) of the individuals with IgG type reactivity were also identified as IgM-positive. Anti-CHO-HCP-specific IgE was not detected in the assays used in this study. Some individuals exhibited single isotype anti-CHO-HCP reactivity; others contained a combination of multiple antibody isotypes. Data presented in this study demonstrate the isotypic complexity and the high prevalence of anti-CHO-HCP antibodies in human serum with no known exposure to CHO cell-derived therapeutic biologics.
Evaluation of herbicide programs for the management of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Maize

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in corn to evaluate the influence of herbicide treatments on glyphosate resistant waterhemp control in Platte County, Missouri during 2006 and 2007. Pre-emergence (PRE), pre-emergence followed by post-emergence (PRE fb POST), and post-emergence-only (POST-only) herbicide programs were evaluated for use in conventional, glyphosate-resistant, or glufosinate-resistant corn hybrids. All programs containing a PRE herbicide, conventional POST herbicide, or glufosinate resulted in greater than 98% control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp and reduced seed production by at least 99%. Waterhemp densities were also reduced by programs that contained a PRE herbicide, conventional POST herbicide, or glufosinate. The highest waterhemp density and poorest control occurred with a sequential glyphosate program. Corn yields did not differ between herbicide treatments in 2006 however certain conventional PRE and PRE fb POST programs increased yields compared to the sequential glyphosate program in 2007. Results from this research indicate that several herbicide options are available for the control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp in corn. However, the lack of crop rotation at this field site for a period of at least 15 consecutive years and lack of residual herbicide applications typically utilized in corn likely contributed to the increased sensitivity of this waterhemp population to PRE-only corn herbicide programs.
Determinants and Consequences of Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet in African-American and White Adults with High Blood Pressure: Results from the ENCORE Trial

Abstract Background Although the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is an accepted nonpharmacologic treatment for hypertension, little is known about what patient characteristics affect dietary adherence and what level of adherence is needed to reduce blood pressure (BP). Objective Our aim was to determine what factors predict dietary adherence and the extent to which dietary adherence is necessary to produce clinically meaningful BP reductions. Design Ancillary study of the ENCORE (Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Cardiovascular Health) trial—a 16-week randomized clinical trial of diet and exercise. Participants/setting Participants included 144 sedentary, overweight, or obese adults (body mass index 25 to 39.9) with high BP (systolic 130 to 159 mm Hg and/or diastolic 85 to 99 mm Hg). Intervention Patients were randomized to one of three groups: DASH diet alone, DASH diet plus weight management, and Usual Diet Controls. Main outcomes measures Our primary outcomes were a composite index of adherence to the DASH diet and clinic BP. Statistical analyses performed General linear models were used to compare treatment groups on post-treatment adherence to the DASH diet. Linear regression was used to examine potential predictors of post-treatment DASH adherence. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relation of adherence to the DASH diet and BP. Results Participants in the DASH diet plus weight management (16.1 systolic BP [SBP]; 95% CI 13.0 to 19.2 mm Hg and 9.9 diastolic BP [DBP]; 95% CI 8.1 to 11.6 mm Hg) and DASH diet alone (11.2 SBP; 95% CI 8.1 to 14.3 mm Hg and 7.5 DBP; 95% CI 5.8 to 9.3 mm Hg) groups showed significant reductions in BP in comparison with Usual Diet Controls participants (3.4 SBP; 95% CI 0.4 to 6.4 mm Hg and DBP 3.8; 95% CI 2.2 to 5.5 mm Hg). Greater post-treatment consumption of DASH foods was noted in both the DASH diet alone (mean=6.20; 95% CI 5.83 to 6.57) and DASH diet plus weight management groups (mean=6.23; 95% CI 5.88 to 6.59) compared with Usual Diet Controls (mean=3.66; 95% CI 3.30 to 4.01; P P ≤0.01). Only ethnicity predicted dietary adherence, with African Americans less adherent to the DASH diet compared with whites (4.68; 95% CI 4.34 to 5.03 vs 5.83; 95% CI 5.50 to 6.11; P Conclusions Greater adherence to the DASH diet was associated with larger BP reductions independent of weight loss. African Americans were less likely to be adherent to the DASH dietary eating plan compared with whites, suggesting that culturally sensitive dietary strategies might be needed to improve adherence to the DASH diet.
Identification of Akt-independent Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis by Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complex 2

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a key activator of protein kinases that act downstream of insulin and growth factor signaling. Here we report that mice lacking the essential mTORC2 component rictor in liver (LrictorKO) are unable to respond normally to insulin. In response to insulin, LrictorKO mice failed to inhibit hepatic glucose output. LrictorKO mice also fail to develop hepatic steatosis on a high fat diet and manifest half-normal serum cholesterol levels. This is accompanied by lower levels of expression of SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 and genes of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. LrictorKO mice had defects in insulin-stimulated Akt Ser-473 and Thr-308 phosphorylation, leading to decreased phosphorylation of Akt substrates FoxO, GSK-3β, PRAS40, AS160, and Tsc2. LrictorKO mice also manifest defects in insulin-activated mTORC1 activity, evidenced by decreased S6 kinase and Lipin1 phosphorylation. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance of LrictorKO mice could be fully rescued by hepatic expression of activated Akt2 or dominant negative FoxO1. However, in the absence of mTORC2, forced Akt2 activation was unable to drive hepatic lipogenesis. Thus, we have identified an Akt-independent relay from mTORC2 to hepatic lipogenesis that separates the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism.
Correlation of the spatial vectorcardiogram and the electrocardiogram in right ventricular hypertrophy.

Abstract 1. 1. SVCG studies have been made in twenty-seven patients with either heart disease and RVH, or with chronic pulmonary disease, and correlated with the ECG and clinical finding. 2. 2. The SVCG may show RVH when the standard ECG shows normal or equivocal finding, and the reasons for the disparity have been discussed. 3. 3. The presence of pulmonary emphysema introduces rotational changes in the SVCG which tend to obscure the ECG pattern of RVH.
Conditions for incremental iteration

Iterative algorithms for fixed points of systems of equations are of importance in graph algorithms, data flow analysis and other areas of computer science. One commonly-sought extension is an incremental update procedure, which responds to small changes in problem parameters by obtaining the new fixed point from perturbation of the previous solution. One approach which has been suggested is to iterate for the new fixed point beginning at that previous solution, possibly after some small modifications. Our results show that this procedure is not in general correct. We give sufficient conditions for correctness, and give counterexamples in Boolean algebra and data flow analysis showing that difficulties with the proposed algorithms can occur in practice.
Empire of Sacrifice: The Religious Origins of American Violence

Jon Pahl, Empire of Sacrifice: The Religious Origins of American Violence (New York: New York University Press, 2010), v + 257 pp. $35.00 (cloth). There is something wonderfully disturbing about vi...
The Un-Argumentative Indian?: Ideas About the Rise of India and Their Interaction With Domestic Structures

While India is internationally acknowledged as a rising power, there is a surprising lack of responsive ideas and discussion about India's rise within the country. This stands in sharp contrast to China, the other rising power, where domestic discussions of China's rise are expansive and broad ranging, and often seek to shape international perceptions of China. This article argues that India does not respond to international discourse about its rise as prolifically as China because of the benign content of international ideas about its changing status, as well as a statist domestic structure that is resistant to ideational diffusion.
A Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Techniques for Reconstructing Atrophic Edentulous Mandible Fractures

Objectives The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical behavior of 2 techniques for the reconstruction of atrophic edentulous mandible fractures. Materials and Methods Thirty polyurethane atrophic edentulous mandible replicas (Sawbones, Vashon Island, WA) were used in this investigation (10 controls, 10 replicas of 2 different fixation techniques). The first reconstruction technique was a traditional titanium locking reconstruction plate affixed to the lateral border (buccal surface) of the mandible. The second reconstruction technique used the same type of plate, but placed it on the inferior border of the mandible. Both constructs were subjected to vertical loading at the symphysis and torsional loading at the body regions of the mandible replicas by an Instron 1331 (Instron, Canton, MA) servohydraulic mechanical testing unit. Mechanical deformation data within a 0–900 N range were recorded. Maximum load, displacement at maximum load, and stiffness were determined. Means and standard deviations were derived and compared for statistical significance using a Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Differences Test with a confidence level of 95% (P < .05). Second- and third-order polynomial best-fit curves were also created for each group to further evaluate the mechanical behavior. Results For symphysis loading, statistically significant differences were noted between the control group and both of the plating techniques for displacement at maximum load. However, no differences were noted between the experimental groups for displacement at maximum load, stiffness, or maximum load. For body loading, statistically significant differences were noted between the control group and the inferior border plating group for displacement at maximum load. However, no differences were noted between the experimental groups for displacement at maximum load, stiffness, or maximum load. Conclusion During this bench top investigation, there were no significant differences noted in mechanical behavior between the 2 specific experimental groups for any of the conditions measured. When placed in the context of functional parameters, both of the plating techniques met or exceeded the requirements for loading.
Energy dependent reactions of 3–300 eV C+, O+ and CO+ ions with a Ni(111) surface

Interactions of energy and mass selected C+, O+, and CO+ ions with a clean Ni(111) surface are studied as a function of kinetic energy (Ek) for a range of chemically important energies (3–300 eV). Reactions of C+ and O+ with Ni(111) yield nickel carbides and oxides, respectively. These reactions are efficient at low Ek and the reaction probability decreases with increasing Ek until implantation of ions into the Ni solid becomes significant. In the reaction of CO+ with Ni(111), molecular CO addition on the surface favors the low energy product channel, while collisional dissociation of CO+, which results in formation of surface nickel carbide and nickel oxide species, increases with Ek. Depth profile studies of the reacted surfaces indicate that implantation of C+ into subsurface Ni layers is more facile than implantation of O+ in the high energy portion of the range investigated.
Twinning Mechanism in PrCo2Cx Magnetic Phase

A magnetic rhombohedral PrCo2Cx (χ=0.05∼0.25) phase (space group R3¯m), which is heavily twinned along the {110} and {211} planes, was identified. The twinning mechanism was explored by analyzing the reduction of crystal symmetry due to the cubic-rhombohedral phase transformation. The origin of the twinning and the formation of four twin variants were attributed to the insertion of carbon interstitials into Co4 tetrahedrons along the 3¯ axis in the rhombohedral lattice, which corresponds to one of the four equivalent 〈111〉 axes of its parent PrCo2 cubic-lattice.
The self-excited axisymmetric jet

The results of a number of investigations suggest that large-scale coherent structures and their interactions play key roles in the transport of heat, mass, and momentum, and in the generation of aerodynamic noise. Investigations related to the study of a large-scale coherent structure in the circular jet are considered, taking into account the advantages of inducing controlled perturbation through self-sustained excitation with the whistler nozzle. The primary objective of the present study was to document the jet response to self-excitation and the sensitivity of this response to the initial condition and the Reynolds number R(D). It was also felt that the results would find use in the control of mixing and aerodynamic noise in a jet.
Some european libraries

D'ouest en est, des bibliotheques europeennes ont marque, par leur personnalite: le British Museum, la Bibliotheque de Bruxelles, la Bibliotheque de Prague, la Bibliotheque Lenine a Moscou sont autant de bibliotheques qui nous sont rapidement presentees, notamment pendant la periode de la IIeme guerre mondiale
SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF HALF-LIST SPEECH DISCRIMINATION TESTS.

Twenty-five word speech discrimination tests are discussed with respect to part-whole correlations, the interpretation of correlation coefficients, and the concept of validity. The assumptions unde...
The French Mental Health System

This article provides an overview of the French mental health system. Unlike the U. S. mental health-care system, which is characterized by high costs, commercialism, and a provider system clearly divided along socioeconomic lines, France's mental health system provides cost-effective universal health and social insurance. The article outlines the development of mental health care in France as well as the implementation of sector system approach to health care, which is suggested as a model for reform of the U. S. mental health system.
THERMALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE OF UV-AND X-IRRADIATED CAFFEINE

— Thermally stimulated luminescence studies of UV- and X-irradiated caffeine have been conducted in the interval77–300 K. The X-ray-induced glow curve exhibits peaks at 102, 128, 158, and 198 K, whereas the UV-induced curve is characterized by peaks with maxima at 120 and 208 K. Analysis of the X-ray-induced glow peaks revealed that the 102 and 128 K peaks obeyed first-order kinetics, while the 158 and 198 K ones followed orders of 1.3 and 1.8, respectively. Trapping parameters associated with the peaks were also elucidated. Concomitant emission spectra of each glow peak (both UV and X-ray induced) were identical and consisted of a band with well-defined maxima at 405 and 480 nm which are attributed to singlet (S1 S0+ hv) and triplet (T1 S0+ hv) transitions, respectively. At elevated temperatures the triplet transition is not observed due to quenching of the triplet state or to triplet-triplet interactions. An energy-level diagram depicting the thermally stimulated processes in irradiated caffeine is presented.
The effects of P implantation on passivity of Fe-Cr alloys in acidic electrolytes

The passivation behavior of the P-implanted alloys in a Cl-containing electrolyte as a function of Cr concentration and P implantation has been investigated. At low Cr concentrations (6% Cr), P implantation sufficient to form an amorphous layer degrades the passive behavior of the base alloy and induces pitting, and at high-Cr levels (18%) P has little effect on passivation. However, at intermediate Cr levels (8%, 10%), P implantation significantly improves passivity, with the greatest improvement occurring at 10% Cr. When implanted to --25% P, the Fe--10Cr alloy exhibits a decrease in the passive current density by 4 orders of magnitude relative to the unimplanted alloy, and shows current decay characteristics that closely resemble those of the Fe--18Cr alloy.
Longitudinal momentum mining of beam particles in a storage ring

I describe a scheme for selectively isolating high density low longitudinal emittance beam particles in a storage ring from the rest of the beam without emittance dilution. I discuss the general principle of the method, called longitudinal momentum mining, beam dynamics simulations and results of beam experiments. Multi-particle beam dynamics simulations applied to the Fermilab 8 GeV Recycler (a storage ring) convincingly validate the concepts and feasibility of the method, which I have demonstrated with beam experiments in the Recycler. The method presented here is the first of its kind.
New anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents: a primer for the clinical gastroenterologist.

The discovery of the first oral anticoagulant, warfarin, was a milestone in anticoagulation. Warfarin's well-known limitations, however, have led to the recent development of more effective anticoagulants. The rapidly growing list of these drugs, however, presents a challenge to endoscopists who must treat patients on these sundry medications. This review is intended to summarize the pharmacological highlights of new anticoagulants, with particular attention to suggested “best-practice” recommendations for the withholding of these drugs before endoscopic procedures.
Medical Malpractice: Utilization of Layered Simulation for Resident Education

Objectives: The authors present a novel approach to the use of simulation in medical education with a two-event layered simulation. A patient care simulation with an adverse outcome was followed by a simulated deposition. Methods: Senior residents in an academic emergency medicine (EM) program were solicited as simulation research volunteers. Other than stating that the research involved adverse outcomes, no identifying information was given. Seven volunteers participated in a simulation involving a forced error (nurse confederate gave an incorrect medication dose). Six weeks later based on the initial simulation, one physician completed a simulated deposition in a teaching conference conducted by a licensed attorney with malpractice experience. The audience, consisting of residents, attendings, and students, watched a recording of the patient care, witnessed the deposition, and evaluated the experience using a 17-question survey with 5-point Likert scales. Results: Participants felt that overall the training program was a useful educational tool (mean ± standard deviation [SD] Likert score = 4.63 ± 0.49) that would change aspects of their practice (3.31 ± 0.85). Participants stated that they would be more careful in their documentation (3.88 ± 0.60), review high-risk situations with staff (4.00 ± 0.71), and monitor more carefully for errors (3.95 ± 0.74). There was increased fear of the litigation process (3.95 ± 1.18), but participants felt the experience would help improve the risk profile of their practices (3.71 ± 0.68). Conclusions: A novel approach to medical education was successful in changing attitudes and provided an expanded educational experience for participants. Layered simulation can be successfully incorporated into educational programs for numerous issues including medical malpractice.
Development of radiometric system models for performance comparison of proposed instruments

Radiometric models have been used to optimize instrument design or evaluate impacts of changes to the design during integration and test.
Rationality, the Prisoner's Dilemma, and Population1

The growth of human populations as a function of the desire on the part of parents to have a greater number of children (on the average) than the number needed for a steady state (zero population growth) is analyzed within the framework of the prisoner's dilemma game, a model that has enjoyed considerable popularity among social scientists in recent years. Proposed resolutions of the prisoner's dilemma are translated into analogous situations in the population growth problem. A proposed solution is the adoption of an interactive rationality, where families consider their own decisions in light of their existence in common with other families. In this way, family size becomes another part of life governed by social contract as well as individual desire.
miRNA-mediated relationships between Cis-SNP genotypes and transcript intensities in lymphocyte cell lines.

In metazoans, miRNAs regulate gene expression primarily through binding to target sites in the 3′ UTRs (untranslated regions) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Cis-acting variants within, or close to, a gene are crucial in explaining the variability of gene expression measures. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′ UTRs of genes can affect the base-pairing between miRNAs and mRNAs, and hence disrupt existing target sites (in the reference sequence) or create novel target sites, suggesting a possible mechanism for cis regulation of gene expression. Moreover, because the alleles of different SNPs within a DNA sequence of limited length tend to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), we hypothesize the variants of miRNA target sites caused by SNPs potentially function as bridges linking the documented cis-SNP markers to the expression of the associated genes. A large-scale analysis was herein performed to test this hypothesis. By systematically integrating multiple latest information sources, we found 21 significant gene-level SNP-involved miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation modules (SNP-MPRMs) in the form of SNP-miRNA-mRNA triplets in lymphocyte cell lines for the CEU and YRI populations. Among the cognate genes, six including ALG8, DGKE, GNA12, KLF11, LRPAP1, and MMAB are related to multiple genetic diseases such as depressive disorder and Type-II diabetes. Furthermore, we found that ∼35% of the documented transcript intensity-related cis-SNPs (∼950) in a recent publication are identical to, or in significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) (p<0.01) with, one or multiple SNPs located in miRNA target sites. Based on these associations (or identities), 69 significant exon-level SNP-MPRMs and 12 disease genes were further determined for two populations. These results provide concrete in silico evidence for the proposed hypothesis. The discovered modules warrant additional follow-up in independent laboratory studies.
Preferential splenic metastases in parabiotic animals.

A reticulum cell sarconia which metastasizes preferentially to the spleens of inbred C3 H mice has been studied. Placement of tumor-bearing animals in parabiosis with normal animals was followed by the development of gross metastases limited to the spleen in 100% of the normal animals. The pattern of metastases observed when a tumor-bearing animal was placed in parabiosis with a splenectomized animal is described. The splenotrophic tendencies of this tumor and its ability to metastasize selectively across a parabiotic union provide a model for investigation of the role of immunity and humoral factors in tumor metastases.
Effect of muscle strength and movement speed on the biomechanics of rising from a chair in healthy elderly and young women.

The ability to rise from a chair is an important task of daily living that is difficult for many elderly individuals to perform, and is particularly challenging when performed quickly. It is important to understand what factors limit performance of the task in older people, so that effective remedial approaches can be developed. In this study, we quantified lower-extremity muscle strength and chair-rise biomechanics in 12 young and 26 healthy elderly women during chair rise at normal and fast speeds without use of the hands. We found that hip and knee extensor torques, vertical and horizontal momentum, and vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces increased in the same way with speed for all subjects. All subjects increased their speed from normal to fast trials, but the young subjects were able to rise more quickly in the fast trials. In the normal speed trials, elderly subjects generated more trunk flexion and horizontal momentum while still in contact with the chair. Muscle activity patterns were similar for all subjects except that the elderly activated the ankle extensors earlier than the young. Although the elderly subjects were much weaker relative to body weight than the young subjects (48.5+/-14.1%), they were able to generate sufficient torques to perform the task. However, age-related differences suggest that chair-rise biomechanics were affected by the reduction in muscle strength, and that strength training regimes, particularly for the hip musculature, may be important to maintain chair-rise ability in the elderly. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
ftsZ is an essential cell division gene in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The ftsZ gene is thought to be an essential cell division gene in Escherichia coli. We constructed a null allele of ftsZ in a strain carrying additional copies of ftsZ on a plasmid with a temperature-sensitive replication defect. This strain was temperature sensitive for cell division and viability, confirming that ftsZ is an essential cell division gene. Further analysis revealed that after a shift to the nonpermissive temperature, cell division ceased when the level of FtsZ started to decrease, indicating that septation is very sensitive to the level of FtsZ. Subsequent studies showed that nucleoid segregation was normal while FtsZ was decreasing and that ftsZ expression was not autoregulated. The null allele could not be complemented by lambda 16-2, even though this bacteriophage can complement the thermosensitive ftsZ84 mutation and carries 6 kb of DNA upstream of the ftsZ gene.
Vascular rejection post heart transplantation is associated with positive flow cytometric cross-matching

Objective: Use of flow cytometry cross-matching for measurement of donor-specific alloreactivity and monitoring anti-donor antibodies is well established. This study was performed to determine (1) its accuracy as a marker of vascular rejection, (2) its correlation with posttransplant outcome and (3) its ability to monitor highly sensitized patients requiring antibody removal with plasma exchange. Methods: Serial serum samples from 99 heart transplant recipients were examined for the presence of anti-donor antibodies of the IgG class that were reactive with T and/or B cryopreserved donor lymphocytes. A sub-group of 20 HLA sensitized patients required plasma exchange to remove the anti-HLA antibodies and were monitored with flow cytometry cross-matching to assess the degree of antibody removal. Results: Positive T-cell reactions were observed in 26 patients and positive B-cell reactions in 54. Twenty patients had vascular rejection. A significantly larger number of patients with a positive flow cytometry cross-match had vascular rejection (42% versus 12% for T-cell reactions, and 32% versus 7% for B-cell reactions; P = 0.002 each). Of the patients who had vascular rejection, 11 had a positive T-cell reaction (flow cytometry cross-match sensitivity of 55%), and 17 had a positive B-cell reaction (sensitivity of 85%). Of the 79 patients who did not develop vascular rejection, 64 had a negative T-cell reaction (specificity of 81%), and 42 had a negative B-cell reaction (specificity of 53%). The actuarial 2year survival estimates were significantly higher in patients with negative T-cell reactions (90% versus 75%; P = 0.04), and B-cell reactions (95% versus 78%; P = 0.02). In the highly sensitized subgroup (n = 20) the effectiveness of plasma exchange to decrease anti-HLA antibody reactivity was a strong predictor of outcome. For patients in whom plasma exchange (PE) reduced anti-donor reactivity, 1-year survival was 87% compared to 25% in those whom PE did not reduce the level of antibody binding as assessed with flow cytometry cross-matching (P , 0.0001). Conclusions: Flow cytometry cross-matching provides a valuable marker for the detection of vascular rejection after cardiac transplantation. Quantitative measurements may allow evaluation of the efficacy of treatment modalities employed in the management of vascular rejection in an attempt to improve outcome. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Inferring the Public Agenda from Implicit Query Data.

implicit feedback measures are used to evaluate the performance of a particular information retrieval system. This research instead takes a distinctly applied approach to the use of implicit feedback, and extends the inference from aggregate query data to the social and political sciences. Using the three months prior to the 2008 election as a test scenario, the analysis here assesses daily fluctuations in search coverage of candidates and issues as predicted by the amount of news coverage, proximity to election day, and public opinion poll ratings of the candidates. Findings indicate that aggregate shifts in topical search queries may in fact be a useful, inexpensive indicator of political interest.