cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thickness dependence on the superconducting properties of thin Nb films.

The thickness dependence of the superconducting properties of Nb films has been studied by resistance and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. The film thickness was varied from 825 to 200 \AA{} by anodizing a single dc sputtered film in order to minimize any sample-to-sample preparation variations. For films 400 \AA{} thick and greater, the normal-state resistivity at 10 K is constant and the suppression of the superconducting transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ with decreasing thickness is explained in terms of both the proximity effect and weak localization. The magnetic susceptibility results show that the diamagnetic transition broadens with decreasing thickness and increasing ac fields as a result of the effective fields becoming greater than the critical field ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathit{c}1}$ of Nb.
Hugh Primas and Arnulf of Orléans

WHEN it became apparent that the Ancients were losing the battle of the curriculum, which had been raging since the early years of the twelfth century, their supporters cut their losses, abandoned the traditional strongholds of the humanities to the enemy, Logic, and retreated to well defended fortresses. The strongest of these was Orleans, where a certain Magister Arnulfus Rufus was working actively to strengthen the classics.' Henri d'Andeli describes this action in La bataille des sept arts and, in the army of Grammar, names Primas the poet as captain of the rearguard along with Ovid.2 In the period of consolidation that follows, these two men, Arnulf and Primas, were strong supporters of the party of the "authors." Their names, for the term "Aurelianensis" was generally appended to both, shed luster upon the town and schools of Orleans long after their works had become the common property of poets and scholars and ceased to be recognized as their own. The connection of Primas with Orleans is well attested, although he was, until comparatively recent times, one of the least known famous writers of the Middle Ages. While mentioned repeatedly as the outstanding poet of his day, he was often confused with his German counterpart of a generation later, the Archpoet of Cologne. And since almost nothing could be ascribed to him with any certainty, scholars tended to credit him with a variety of verses transmitted anonymously. This shadowy, will of-the-wisp, rhymester eluded even the diligent research of Leopold Delisle, who could ferret out only a few facts and anecdotes about him.3 Two texts contributed most of the slender evidence. One came from Richard of Poitiers, who described Primas as a scholasticus named Hugo, who lived in Paris around the year 11492, a poet, physically misshapen and ugly, but cultured, witty and famous for his verses.4 The other text was found in the early fourteenthcentury chronicle of Francesco Pipino, who stated that Primas lived when Frederic Barbarossa was emperor and Lucius III was pope.' He quoted a brief satire which the poet had written against Lucius III:
Diffraction efficiency of nonsynchronously sampled diffraction gratings

This PDF contains the communication "Diffraction efficiency of nonsynchronously sampled diffraction gratings."
Mifepristone alters expression of endometrial steroid receptors and their cofactors in new users of medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Objective To evaluate the effect of mifepristone on the expression of endometrial steroid receptors and their co-factors in depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users. Design A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Reproductive research center. Patient(s) Fifty healthy women with regular menstrual cycle. Intervention(s) One hundred fifty milligrams of DMPA were given every 3 months. Two pills (25 mg each) of placebo or mifepristone were administered every 14 days during the DMPA therapy. Four endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from each patient. Main Outcome Measure(s) The expression of estrogen receptor subtypes α and β (ERα and ERβ), progesterone receptors A and B (PRAB and PRB), and androgen receptor messenger RNA and protein was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1), silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid-hormone receptors, and cell proliferation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Result(s) The expression of endometrial ERα, PRAB, PRB, and SRC-1 was increased significantly after 1 week of mifepristone, but the increase was no longer seen after 10 weeks. A positive correlation between endometrial ERα, PRAB, PRB, and SRC-1 production and proliferation was demonstrated. Conclusion(s) Short-term exposure of mifepristone in new starters of DMPA increases the expression of endometrial ERα, PRAB, PRB, and SRC-1 and promotes cell proliferation. Prolonged exposure to mifepristone does not alter the suppression of these receptors that are caused by DMPA and continues to result in endometrial atrophy.
Interfacial structure and properties in polystyrene/epoxy bilayer films

The interfacial structure and properties of immiscible deuterated polystyrene (dPS)/epoxy bilayer films were investigated with neutron reflectivity as functions of the composition of the epoxy layer, the thickness of the dPS layer, and the annealing time. We have found that the interfacial width and its growth rate depend strongly on the compositions of the epoxy layer but only weakly on the thickness of the dPS layer. The effect of the resin/crosslinker composition on the interfacial width and its growth rate is likely due to the different near-surface structures that result for different epoxy stoichiometries. For an ultra-thin dPS film (thickness = 2R g ), the data suggest a slight suppression of the growth of the interfacial width that could be due to confinement effects for the long-chain molecules such as have been previously reported for a thickness of less than approximately 4R g , where R g is the radius of gyration of polymer molecules.
Structures of wild-type chloromet and L103N hydroxomet Themiste zostericola myohemerythrins at 1.8 A resolution.

Myohemerythrin (Mhr) is a nonheme iron oxygen carrier found in the retractor muscles of marine "peanut" worms. The X-ray crystal structures of two recombinant Themiste zostericolaMhrs are reported to a resolution of 1.8 A. Surprisingly, the met wild-type structure (R ) 17.8%) was found to contain chloride bound to Fe2, while coordinated hydroxide was found in the met L103N structure (R ) 18.3%). An internal water molecule was also found distal to the Fe-O-Fe center of the mutant protein, forming hydrogen bonds with the coordinated hydroxide and the OD1 atom of Asn-103. This finding is consistent with the kinetic and spectroscopic results reported for the L103N mutant Mhr (Raner, G. M., Martins, L. J., & Ellis, W. R., Jr. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 7037-7043). Possible roles for the side chain of residue 103 (Leu in wild-type Mhr) in gating ligand binding are also discussed. All of the presently known oxygen carriers are either iron- or copper-containing proteins (Jameson & Ibers, 1994). Beginning in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the intense colors of their respective oxy adducts prompted their isolation and characterization. Hemerythrin (Hr) 1 has been found in four phyla of marine worms and contains a diiron- oxo (Fe-O-Fe) active site. Hemocyanin, the oxygen carrier in a variety of arthropods and molluscs, also possesses a binuclear metal center, but uses copper instead of iron. Other invertebrates and vertebrates use hemoglobin, which contains a heme prosthetic group. Monomeric analogues of hem- erythrin and hemoglobin, found in muscle tissue, have been designated myohemerythrin and myoglobin, respectively. The first protein X-ray structures, which appeared in 1960,
Film Mass Transfer Coefficient Expressions for Electroosmotic Flows.

Expressions are developed and presented that could be used to determine the film mass transfer coefficient of a solute in electroosmotic flows. In contrast to pressure-driven flows at low Reynolds numbers where the film mass transfer coefficient is independent of the linear characteristic dimension of the channel for flow, in electroosmotically driven flows at low Reynolds numbers the film mass transfer coefficient is shown to be a function of the ratio R/λ, where R is the channel radius and λ is the Debye length. This result implies that for electroosmotically driven flows in a packed bed or porous monolith with channels for flow having similar geometry but different sizes, the film mass transfer coefficient would vary with the size of the interstitial channels for bulk flow while in pressure-driven flows the film mass transfer coefficient would be the same for all interstitial channels. From the expressions presented in this work, one can show that for the same volumetric flow rate the film mass transfer coefficient of electroosmotically driven flows is proportional to that for pressure-driven flows.
Assessing the conservation value of a complementary system of habitat reserves relative to butterfly species at risk and divergent populations

Abstract Indiana's system of natural area reserves is evaluated to assess the system's conservation value for imperiled butterflies. This system of nature reserves was designed to conserve representative examples of all terrestrial community types present in the state. It is one of the more long-lived attempts to develop a representative conservation system in the United States. The system of complementary reserves appears to be conserving most of the state-imperiled butterfly fauna. Of the 38 species evaluated, 32 are known to occur on sites that are either part of the reserve system or on sites that have been identified as priority additions to the system of reserves. There are 187 known populations of state-imperiled butterflies within the nature reserve system and on other public lands. Species with specialized habitat requirements such as fen, prairie, glade and oak savanna are well represented in the system. The system fares less well at conserving species at the extreme periphery of their range. Th...
Residue arithmetic VLSI array architecture for manipulator pseudo-inverse Jacobian computation

The use of residue arithmetic for the exact computation of the manipulator pseudoinverse Jacobian, to obviate the roundoff errors normally associated with the computations, is considered. A two-level macropipelined residue arithmetic array architecture implementing Decell's pseudoinverse algorithm has been developed to overcome the ill-conditioned problem of the pseudoinverse computation. The Decell algorithm is suitable for VLSI array implementation to achieve the real-time computation requirement. The first-level arrays are data-driven, wavefront-like arrays and perform the matrix multiplications, matrix diagonal additions, and trace computations. A pool of the first-level arrays are configured into a second-level macro-pipeline with outputs of one array acting as inputs to another array in the pipe. The proposed architecture can calculate the pseudoinverse Jacobian with a pipelined time in the same computational complexity order as evaluating a matrix product in a wavefront array. >
Speaker adaptation with all-pass transforms

In previous work, a class of transforms were proposed which achieve a remapping of the frequency axis much like conventional vocal tract length normalization. These mappings, known collectively as all-pass transforms (APT), were shown to produce substantial improvements in the performance of a large vocabulary speech recognition system when used to normalize incoming speech prior to recognition. In this application, the most advantageous characteristic of the APT was its cepstral-domain linearity; this linearity makes speaker normalization simple to implement, and provides for the robust estimation of the parameters characterizing individual speakers. In the current work, we exploit the APT to develop a speaker adaptation scheme in which the cepstral means of a speech recognition model are transformed to better match the speech of a given speaker. In a set of speech recognition experiments conducted on the Switchboard corpus, we report reductions in word error rate of 3.7% absolute.
Theoretical limiting prediction of H2S removal efficiency from coal gasification streams using an intermediate temperature electrochemical separation process

A mathematical model has been developed to predict the theoretical limiting H2S removal efficiency of an electrochemical membrane separator (EMS) in the presence of overwhelming levels of H2O and CO2 (as would be found in syn-gas). Thermodynamic principles gave the minimum potential requirements for cell operation. Factors including electrokinetics, mass transfer, chemical equilibria and internal resistance, occuring with application of current, were incorporated into the prediction. Theoretical predictions, which represent a limiting value, show achievable current efficiencies close to 100% for high H2S levels (1000ppm) at 90% removal. At this same removal level with 100 or 10ppm inlet gas, the predicted maximum current efficiencies dropped, due to concentration effects, to 93% and 40%, respectively. This solidifies the economic importance of obtaining close to 100% current efficiencies at sour gas levels compared to polishing applications where the removal, not the current efficiency, is more important. Predicted cell potentials were consistently in the same range, −0.450 to −0.550V, for all concentration levels at 90% removal. Comparison with experimental data gave good agreement; actual current efficiencies were consistently within 15% of the maximum predicted values at coinciding removal levels. However, actual potentials were lower (less negative) because of hydrogen leakage through the cell membrane. While lower potentials require less power, sulfur production at the anode was reduced.
Pre-, Post-, and Longitudinal Evaluation of Juvenile Justice Education.

This article describes two stages of the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program's pre-, post-, and longitudinal evaluation research. Pilot studies were used to explore how to design statewide research of pre- and postassessment scores and community reintegration outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that higher performing educational programs produce greater educational gains as measured by academic achievement tests, credits earned, and pupil progression rates. The findings also indicate that these programs have more students returning to school and lower recidivism rates. Building on the pilot studies, refinements were made to the research designs to enable more comprehensive statewide evaluation. Current research includes collection of pre- and postassessment scores from official sources on approximately 16,000 juvenile justice youths. In addition, a research design has been developed to examine program effectiveness by measuring community reintegration variables. Multiple data sources, including official and self-reported data on family, school, employment, and subsequent crime involvement, will be used in the longitudinal study.
Improvement of asthma control with omalizumab in 2 obese pediatric asthma patients

Background Dosing of the anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) in the treatment of allergic asthma depends on serum IgE concentration and body weight. It is unclear whether omalizumab is therapeutically effective in obese patients with difficult-to-control asthma whose body weights fall outside dosing guidelines. Objective To report the efficacy of omalizumab in 2 obese pediatric patients with severe persistent asthma whose high body weights placed them outside current dosing guidelines. Methods Omalizumab was given at maximum doses to both patients. Standard asthma therapy was continued throughout the treatment period. Multiple parameters of asthma disease activity were followed at every health encounter for approximately 1 year during and before omalizumab treatment. These parameters included asthma disease severity and activity, pulmonary functions, daily inhaled corticosteroid requirements, systemic steroid rescue, and urgent care and emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Results While receiving omalizumab, both patients had improvements in asthma disease activity and reduction in systemic steroid requirements. One patient required fewer daily inhaled corticosteroids and achieved total asthma control. Conclusion Patients with difficult-to-treat asthma may benefit from receiving omalizumab even if they fall outside current dosing guidelines because of high body weight.
siRNA-based targeting of antiapoptotic genes can reverse chemoresistance in P-glycoprotein expressing chondrosarcoma cells

High expression of P-glycoprotein is one of the well-known mechanisms of chemoresistance in chondrosarcomas. However, the role of antiapoptotic proteins, a common mechanism responsible for chemoresistance in other tumors, has not been well studied in chondrosarcomas. We examined the importance of P-glycoprotein and antiapoptotic proteins in the chemoresistance to doxorubicin of two Grade II chondrosarcoma cell lines, JJ012 and SW1353. We confirmed that both chondrosarcoma cell types expressed P-glycoprotein and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and XIAP). siRNA knockdown as well as pharmacologic inhibitors of cell survival proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and XIAP) enhanced apoptosis of chemoresistant chondrosarcoma cells by up to 5.5 fold at 0.1 μmol and 5.5 fold at 1 μmol doxorubicin. These chemosensitizing effects were comparable to those of P-glycoprotein inhibition by siRNA or pharmacologic inhibitor. These findings suggest that antiapoptotic proteins play a significant role in the chemoresistance of chondrosarcoma cells independent of P-glycoprotein. Based on the results, a new siRNA-based therapeutic strategy targeting antiapoptotic genes can be designed to overcome the chemoresistance of chondrosarcomas which is often conferred by P-glycoprotein.
An Emerging Role for a Cardiac Peptide Hormone in Fish Osmoregulation

It is clear from the extant literature that various fish groups face chronic osmoregulatory problems that depend on the surrounding salinity. Their physiologic and hormonal responses are largely those seen in the mammals, but their terrestrial descendants have lost osmoregulatory structures such as gills and rectal glands and depend primarily on renal function. A data base is now emerging that strongly suggests that a putative atriopeptin plays a role in osmoregulation in fishes. This conclusion is supported by the fact that heterologous AP produces relevant physiologic responses (e.g. natriuresis, vasodilation, stimulation, or inhibition of Na+ secretion by intestine, gills, and rectal gland) in both teleosts and elasmobranchs. Moreover, cardiac and brain extracts from fish can produce similar effects in both fishes and mammals, and these tissues from various fish groups contain immunoreactive AP, as does plasma. Both physiologic and immunologic evidence suggests that the ventricle may be a significant source of AP in fishes, contrary to the situation in mammals. Finally, osmotic perturbations result in a change in plasma and tissue APir levels. The finding that plasma APir levels increase in sea water, and that heterologous AP stimulates salt secretion by the teleost gill and shark rectal gland, and inhibits salt uptake by the teleost intestine, suggests that AP may primarily play a role in salt, rather than fluid, secretion in fishes. The fact that in mammals AP inhibits prolactin secretion, but is itself stimulated by cortisol, supports this conclusion, since prolactin is generally considered to be the dominant osmoregulatory hormone in freshwater fishes, and cortisol serves this function in marine fishes. In addition, if AP inhibits brain AVT release in fishes, as it apparently inhibits vasopressin release in mammals, this also would be adaptive in marine fishes since AVT in fishes is diuretic, rather than antidiuretic. Interactions between AP and these hormones (prolactin, cortisol, and ATV) have not been studied in fishes to date, but these theoretical interactions do lend support to the hypothesis that AP may function primarily in salt homeostasis in fishes. At least one potential hormonal interaction counters this argument, however. Atriopeptin is known to inhibit the production and effects of angiotensin II in mammals, and since this hormone is apparently dipsogenic in fishes, it may play a critical role in osmoregulation in sea water. Finally, it is of some historical interest that in Keys' (67) original description of the eel heart-gill perfusion system in 1931 he commented that gill resistance remained constant for hours only if the heart itself was perfused.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Corrosion Inhibition of Zinc by Aqueous Vanadate Species

This study presents a characterization of the degree and mechanism of corrosion inhibition of Zn by vanadate inhibitors. A combination of open circuit potential measurements, anodic and cathodic polarization, and Raman spectroscopy were used to compare corrosion inhibition of Zn exposed to or pre-treated with a dilute ∼pH 6.3 NaVO3+NaCl solution, which likely contained predominantly tetrahedrally coordinated vanadate species, relative to controls. The presence of vanadate caused a decrease in corrosion current density of up to two orders of magnitude due to overall mixed anodic and cathodic inhibition associated with the formation and/or stabilization of adherent surface films. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0381410jes] All rights reserved.
An assessment of issues surrounding implementation of the Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings.

Background The Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings was developed through 9 research projects: 1 to determine the name and image, 5 to test the 12-step programs, and 3 to evaluate the Campaign. This report analyzes data from 9 projects and reports key findings. Methods Data from the 9 projects were analyzed by 4 topics: perceptions of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, barriers to preventing antimicrobial resistance, most and least important steps and strategies, and preferences for materials and information sources. Results Data from 21 in-depth interviews, 19 focus groups, and 3 surveys were analyzed. A total of 695 clinicians participated: 564 (81.2%) were physicians; 98 (14.1%) were nurses; and 33 (4.7%) were other healthcare professionals. Differences by both occupation and medical specialty area were observed. A majority of participants agreed that antimicrobial resistance is a problem nationally, whereas fewer agreed that it is a problem in their institution or practice. Of the Campaign's 4 strategies, “Diagnose and Treat Infection Effectively” and “Use Antimicrobials Wisely” were considered most important, whereas “Prevent Infection” and “Prevent Transmission” were considered least important. Frequently cited preferences for materials included posters and professional resources such as journal articles and presentations at conferences or annual meetings of professional societies. Conclusion The findings highlight important issues that could influence the success of implementation of the Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings. Tailoring the campaign messages and supporting materials to individual institutions or clinician types are encouraged to address or acknowledge these issues and facilitate behavior change.
Is there a twenty third amino acid in the genetic code

The universal genetic code includes 20 common amino acids. In addition, selenocysteine (Sec) and pyrrolysine (Pyl), known as the twenty first and twenty second amino acids, are encoded by UGA and UAG, respectively, which are the codons that usually function as stop signals. The discovery of Sec and Pyl suggested that the genetic code could be further expanded by reprogramming stop codons. To search for the putative twenty third amino acid, we employed various tRNA identification programs that scanned 16 archaeal and 130 bacterial genomes for tRNAs with anticodons corresponding to the three stop signals. Our data suggest that the occurrence of additional amino acids that are widely distributed and genetically encoded is unlikely.
The Right Talk: How Conservatives Transformed the Great Society into the Economic Society, Mark A. Smith: Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. 278 pages. $29.95 hardcover

Editor's Note: Several invited responses to this review will appear in RR's Burkean Parlor. Two, by Joshua Gunn and James Bunker, appear in this issue. We welcome responses by others. We have also ...
Race-Based Social Judgment by Minority Perceivers1

The present study investigated processes of social judgment from the perspective of a minority group. Black participants evaluated either Black or White law-school applicants who possessed either strong or weak credentials. Consistent with predictions of the shifting-standards model (Biernat, Manis, & Nelson, 1991), a significant pattern of out-group polarization emerged when judgments were made on subjective, but not objective response scales. Importantly, results revealed that out-group polarization on subjective response scales was moderated by participants' stereotypes. In line with shifting-standards predictions, only participants who viewed Blacks relatively favorably, compared to Whites, on the dimension of school performance showed a significant pattern of out-group polarization. The shifting-standards model is discussed in relation to other judgment models.
Performance of MRC and EGC M-QAM with imperfect channel estimation

We study the effect of imperfect channel estimation (ICE) on the error probability performance of M-level quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) with maximum ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC) diversity formats in Nakagami fading channels. We provide a novel formulation of the bit error rate (BER) of M-QAM with ICE in terms of the signal constellation-dependent effective signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) or amplitudes, which allows us to derive the general, accurate, and easy-to-evaluate BER formulas for square and rectangular diversity M-QAM with channel estimation errors. Our result shows that the performance loss caused by ICE may be manifested by the signal decision space distortion and a scaling of the effective SNR. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of M-QAM with pilot-symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) and present some insightful findings
The 3-D multidomain pseudospectral time-domain method for wideband simulation

A three-dimensional (3-D) multidomain pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method with a well-posed PML is developed as an accurate and efficient solver for Maxwell's equations in conductive and inhomogeneous media. The curved object is accurately treated by curvilinear coordinate transformation. Spatial derivatives are obtained by the Chebyshev collocation method to achieve a high-order accuracy. Numerical results show an excellent agreement with solutions obtained by the FDTD method under fine sampling.
Using k-nearest neighbor method to identify poison message failure

Poison message failure is a mechanism that has been responsible for large scale failures in both telecommunications and IP networks. The poison message failure can propagate in the network and cause an unstable network. We apply a machine learning, data mining technique in the network fault management area. We use the k-nearest neighbor method to identity the poison message failure. We also propose a "probabilistic" k-nearest neighbor method which outputs a probability distribution about the poison message. Through extensive simulations, we show that the k-nearest neighbor method is very effective in identifying the responsible message type.
Radial (tetracyclopentadienyl)cyclobutadiene pentametals

Abstract Radial (tetracyclopentadienyl)cyclobutadiene pentametals have been synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed coupling of cyclopentadienyltin or of (CpM)zinc reagents with (tetraiodocyclobutadiene)iron(tricabonyl). X-ray structural and NMR data reveal that, while these arrays are crowded, the substituents enjoy considerable rotational freedom. The method constitutes a significant complement to currently existing strategies for the construction of persubstituted cyclobutadiene complexes.
An Overview of the Heat Shock Proteins, Their Regulation, and Function

This chapter is multifunctional, serving as an introduction to the heat shock proteins and as well as covering HSPs that have had limited or no study in the heart. The regulation of expression of the HSPs is reviewed here. Lastly, key research not included in the remainder of the volume, including the function of HSPs and nuclear localization, will be discussed.
Automated Differentiation and Measurement of Hexosaminidase Isoenzymes in Biological Fluids and Its Application to Preand Postnatal Detection of Tay—Sachs Disease

Three hexosaminidase (EC 3.2. 1.52) isoenzymes other than isoenzymes A and B in body fluids have been separated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. By inserting a microcolumn into a continuous-flow system for automated, fluorometric hexosaminidase analysis [Clin. Chem. 20, 538 (1974)], samples eluted with buffered-NaCl gradients can be continuously monitored. Isoenzyme patterns were obtained for fluids from normal individuals, pregnant women, Tay-Sachs disease carriers, pregnant carriers, and patients with the disease. These chromatograms revealed a hitherto undetected isoenzyme (I-3) in serum. An increase in serum hexosaminidase isoenzyme I-2 (or P) during pregnancy is characteristic of a carrier pattern. Our data show that serum and urinary hexosaminidase isoenzyme patterns may be used in addition to leukocyte analysis, to distinguish a pregnant carrier from a normal pregnant woman. All fluids tested demonstrated no isoenzyme A activity and above-normal activity of isoenzymes B and (or) I-2 in homozygotes. Urine is preferred fluid for postnatal and amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of the disease. Quantitative data on isoenzyme A obtained with the procedure described here agree well with those obtained by heat-and pH-inactivation methods.
Asset Illiquidity and Financial Conditions -- An Examination of the U.S. Corporate Bond Market

Using the lead underwriter of a bond issue as a proxy for the market maker of the bond and credit default swap (CDS) as a measure of financial conditions, this paper shows that a bond’s liquidity is positively related to the financial conditions of its market maker. In particular, controlling for other bond characteristics and market wide liquidity, bonds whose market makers CDSs are higher are less liquid, and the difference in bond illiquidity between the most and the least financially-constrained market makers is much larger during the 2008-2009 liquidity crisis. In addition, the paper also shows that the liquidity of bonds that share the same market maker tends to co-move together, even after controlling for the overall market liquidity. This co-movement is the strongest during the 2008-2009 crisis periods. The empirical evidence highlights the role of a market maker’s financial constraints in an asset’s liquidity and provides consistent evidence for the link between market liquidity and funding liquidity.
Adjustment of Friction in Hydraulic Models of Lakes

For complete dynamic similarity between a hydraulic model of a lake or closed basin and its prototype, both the Froude number and the Proudman number must be equal in the model and the prototype. For turbulent flow the Proudman number can not be explicitly determined and adjustment of model friction may be required. A method for adjustment of model friction is described which requires comparison of the damping of a standing long wave (or seiche) in the prototype and in the model basin. Assuming that the model frictional resistance could be decomposed into smooth boundary resistance and the resistance due to the addition of roughness elements, a mathematical formulation was developed for use in predicting the decay modulus for a roughened model basin. Good agreement was found between the analytical predictions and experimental results.
A light microscopical investigation of amoebal and plasmodial mitosis in the MyxomyceteEchinostelium minutum

Light microscopical observations on mitosis in living material of the amoebal and plasmodial phases of the MyxomyceteEchinostelium minutum de Bary (orderEchinosteliales) are reported for the first time. The uninucleate amoebal cell undergoes centric, open spindle mitosis whereas the multinucleate plasmodium exhibits acentric, closed spindle mitosis.
Faculty Promotions: An Analysis Of Central Administrative Control

Very little significant research has been conducted on the university as an organized activity. This study helps to fill some of this void. The concept of central administrative control is used as ...
Gene signatures related to HAI response following influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older individuals

Abstract To assess gene signatures related to humoral response among healthy older subjects following seasonal influenza vaccination, we studied 94 healthy adults (50–74 years old) who received one documented dose of licensed trivalent influenza vaccine containing the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus strain. Influenza-specific antibody (HAI) titer in serum samples and next-generation sequencing on PBMCs were performed using blood samples collected prior to (Day 0) and at two timepoints after (Days 3 and 28) vaccination. We identified a number of uncharacterized genes (ZNF300, NUP1333, KLK1 and others) and confirmed previous studies demonstrating specific genes/genesets that are important mediators of host immune responses and that displayed associations with antibody response to influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. These included interferon-regulatory transcription factors (IRF1/IRF2/IRF6/IRF7/IRF9), chemokine/chemokine receptors (CCR5/CCR9/CCL5), cytokine/cytokine receptors (IFNG/IL10RA/TNFRSF1A), protein kinases (MAP2K4/MAPK3), growth factor receptor (TGFBR1). The identification of gene signatures associated with antibody response represents an early stage in the science for which further research is needed. Such research may assist in the design of better vaccines to facilitate improved defenses against new influenza virus strains, as well as better understanding the genetic drivers of immune responses.
Survey on Vaccination Rate of Child Expanded Programme on Immunization from 2005 to 2007 in Lingling District,Yongzhou City

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the situtation of immunization coverage rate in Lingling and to provide effective supports for improving the vaccination quality.METHODS Including eight streets and two agriculture markets were selected by adopting the mothod of the lamination random sampling according to National Routine Immunization Coverage Rate Surveil Project from 2005 to 2008.RESULTS The entire vaccination rate of the 4 vaccines,including BCG,OPV,DPT,and MVwas 83.7% in 2005,93.6%in 2006,and 95.5%in 2007 respectively;Each vaccination rate in these 4 vaccines went up to 96%in 2007 from less than 84% in 2005.The vaccination rate of HBV was 82.4%、 88.6%、 86.5% from 2005 to 2007.The rate of card construction,the rate of certificate construction and the vac-cinated scar rate were all increased by more than 96%.CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the child expanded programme on immunization is improved.All the indexes increase annually,but still not enough.
We Have it Backwards: Cooperation, Existential Anxiety and Distributive Justice

We often have the link between cooperation and resources backwards: frequently we adopt a resource to cement cooperation rather than cooperating to obtain a resource. This paper suggests this reversal will happen when people have to make decisions under a condition of outcome space ignorance I have termed “existential anxiety (EA).” The resources sought under EA will be those that build cooperation even if they do not meet basic needs as well as those that are easier to obtain. EA can force people to form alliances and generally behave in ways that can seem quite irrational. Sometimes that is a good thing, but more often it is not. One way to force people into EA is to disrupt the behavior they have chunked into scripts. So, there is a (potentially measureable) way to determine a policy’s Script Incidence (SI) in order to prevent or promote that behavior. When we promote policies where the SI tends to fall principally on one group of people, we can be sure that we will eventually push them into EA. The backlash will be significant if those promulgating the policies seem never to have any SI at all.
Determination of Biogenic Amines in Yellow Rice Wine by HPLC-MS/MS

The content of eight biogenic amines including HIS, CAD, SPM, SPD, PUT, TRP, 2-PHE and TRA in yellow rice wine was detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The results suggested that the detection limits were 0.05 μg/kg for HIS, CAD, SPM and SPD, 0.1 μg/kg for PUT, 0.15 μg/kg for TRP and TRA, and 2.0 μg/kg for 2- PHE. The recovery of BAs spiked in eight matrices were between93.0 % and 99.0 % at the spiked levels ranged from 0.05 μg /kg to 15 μg /kg(R0.999). The relative standard deviations(RSD) were in the range of 0.11 %~0.29 %. Such method could be used for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of biogenic amines in yellow rice wine and derivatization was not necessary for the samples which could improve greatly sample treatment efficiency especially for samples on a large scale and settle the problem of false positive in the detection. Besides, it met the detection requirements of low residue of biogenic amine in yellow rice wine.
Recruiting, interviewing, and hiring pharmacy personnel

A practical approach to recruiting, interviewing, and hiring pharmacy personnel is presented. Recruiting applicants should be an ongoing function, and personnel departments can serve as an important resource. A good pool of applicants can be developed by contacts, referrals, and advertising and through schools of pharmacy and placement services. Federal and state regulations regarding equal employment opportunity and affirmative action are discussed. The first step of the interview process involves comparing the applications with a current job description. A strategy for conducting the interview should be developed before the meeting takes place. Some examples of basic questions and questions that can be used to explore the applicant's work experience, background, and motivational level are presented. Suggestions are made for documenting interviews. Details on making the hiring decision on the basis of the interview are discussed, and the process of actually offering the position is covered. Hiring new employees is a major commitment that demands careful consideration. Each step in the process of recruiting, interviewing, and hiring must be performed diligently to avoid problems later on.
Comparison of saline infusion sonography (SIS) versus SIS-guided endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of endometrial pathology.

Purpose To compare saline infusion sonography (SIS) to tissue obtained from SIS-guided endometrial sampling (SISES) to determine sensitivity and specificity for benign and malignant conditions of the endometrium. Methods Added value of SISES after SIS was evaluated over 5 years. SIS and SISES techniques have been previously described. Women with abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial findings underwent SIS. Criteria for SISES included atypical polypoid mass, focal irregularity or global endometrial thickening, nondiagnostic SIS, discordance between SIS and endometrial biopsy, or request from the primary team. Final surgical pathology was compared with SIS and SISES. Results One-hundred twenty-three SIS patients had SISES. SIS alone had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 42%, positive predictive value of 16%, and negative predictive value of 100%. A total of 120 patients had final clinical or surgical outcomes. Specificity was greatly improved with addition of SISES (95.5%, p < 0.001). Combination of SIS with SISES detected all 12 premalignant and malignant endometrial lesions. Three cases had small foci of hyperplasia (n = 2) or atypia (n = 1) in polyps on final surgical pathology, which were not prospectively identified on SISES. Conclusions SISES significantly improves the specificity in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. False-negative findings of SISES in polyps in postmenopausal women with bleeding suggest the need for surgical removal in this setting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2016
Introducing an active cluster-based information retrieval paradigm: Book Reviews

When a client interacts with an expert, e.g., a doctor, it falls upon the expert to ask questions that steer the process towards fulfilling the client's needs. This is most efficient given that the expert has more knowledge and a broader view of possible illnesses and treatments. On the other hand, when faced with an information retrieval (IR) task, most IR systems leave to the client the task of coming up with queries. We propose an information retrieval framework that assumes the responsibility of leading the users to the information, thus increasing efficiency and satisfaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fundamentals of photointerpretation

The effective use of aerial photos requires an ability to do two things — first, to detect and identify the individual features visible on the photo, and second, to draw conclusions on the basis of what is observed. To the first, the term photo-reading has been assigned, to the second, photo-interpretation. While some may take exception to this distinction, it may be a helpful one to those new in the use of aerial photos. With time the distinction will admittedly blur as recognition
Semilinear Boundary Value Problems

Many elliptic semilinear problems can be described in the following way. Let Ω be a domain in R n and let A be a selfadjoint operator on L2(Ω). We assume that A ≥ λ0 > 0 and that $$C_0^\infty (\Omega ) \subset D: = D({A^{1/2}}) \subset {H^{m,2}}(\Omega )$$ (3.1.1) for some m > 0, where C 0 ∞ (Ω) denotes the set of test functions in Ω (i.e., infinitely differentiable functions with compact supports in Ω) and Hm,2(Ω) denotes the Sobolev space described in Appendix I to this chapter. If m is an integer, the norm in Hm,2(Ω) is given by $${\left\| u \right\|_{m,2}}: = {\left( {\sum\limits_{\left| \mu \right|m} {{{\left\| {{D^u}u} \right\|}^2}} } \right)^{1/2}}.$$ (3.1.2)
Contrasting Nav1.8 Activity in Scn10a-/- Ventricular Myocytes and the Intact Heart.

Background Genome‐wide association studies have implicated variants in SCN10A , which encodes Nav1.8, as modulators of cardiac conduction. Follow‐up work has indicated the SCN10A sequence includes an intronic enhancer for SCN5A . Yet the role of the Nav1.8 protein in the myocardium itself is still unclear. To investigate this , we use homozygous knockout mice ( Scn10a −/− ) generated by disruption of exons 4 and 5, leaving the Scn5a enhancer intact. Methods and Results We previously reported that pharmacologic blockade of Nav1.8 in wild‐type animals blunts action potential prolongation by ATX‐II at slow drive rates (≤1 Hz). Here we present evidence of the same blunting in Scn10a −/− compared to wild‐type ventricular myocytes, supporting the conclusion that Nav1.8 contributes to late sodium current at slow rates. In contrast to earlier studies, we found no differences in electrocardiographic parameters between genotypes. Low‐dose ATX‐II exposure in lightly anesthetized animals and Langendorff‐perfused hearts prolonged QTc and generated arrhythmias to the same extent in wild‐type and Scn10a −/− . RNA sequencing failed to identify full‐length Scn10a transcripts in wild‐type or knockout isolated ventricular myocytes. However, loss of late current in Scn10a −/− myocytes was replicated independently in a blinded set of experiments. Conclusions While Scn10a transcripts are not detectible in ventricular cardiomyocytes, gene deletion results in reproducible loss of late sodium current under extreme experimental conditions. However, there are no identifiable consequences of this Scn10a deletion in the intact mouse heart at usual rates. These findings argue that common variants in SCN10A that affect ventricular conduction do so by modulating SCN5A .
Algorithms for prediction of the Oncotype DX recurrence score using clinicopathologic data: a review and comparison using an independent dataset.

Purpose Given the potential savings in cost and resource utilization, several algorithms have been proposed to predict Oncotype DX recurrence score (ODX RS) using commonly acquired histopathologic variables. Although it is promising, additional independent validation of these surrogate markers is needed prior to guide the patient management.
Breaking bad algorithms

In Technically Wrong, Sara Wachter-Boettcher takes stock of the failures, biases, and shortcomings of the technology products that pervade our lives: from inva­sive applications designed with too few kinds of users in mind to black-boxed algorithms that determine everything from the news we see to how we dole out criminal justice.
The Development and Validation of a Concise Instrument for Formative Assessment of Team Leader Performance During Simulated Pediatric Resuscitations.

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the validity of a formative feedback instrument for leaders of simulated resuscitations.MethodsThis is a prospective validation study with a fully crossed (person × scenario × rater) study design. The Concise Assessment of Leader Management (CALM) instrument wa
Imagining social justice and the false promise of urban park design

Urban park designers have long championed the social underpinnings of their work. Of late, however, certain landscape practitioners have articulated a more explicit connection between park design and social objectives, arguing that the fundamental role of urban parks is to foster equity and justice. Drawing on Marxian geographer David Harvey’s notion of the geographical imagination, this paper interrogates the relationship between parks and social processes by exploring the role that social issues have historically played in urban park design and by unpacking the prevailing imaginaries of social justice landscape architects and designers have employed in contemporary urban park projects. In doing so, it juxtaposes the lofty rhetoric of designing for social justice against the material reality of development-driven urban regeneration. In this way, the geographic imaginary provides a framework for understanding the limited capacity of urban park design to address broader social issues, even as it offers a m...
Abstract 18982: E3317 Promotes Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophage Cells via Enhancing ABCA1 Expression

Introduction: Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a process which plays an important role in cholesterol, lipid and glucose metabolism. Regulating the activities of key transporters and receptor...