cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applied Problem Solving in Children with ADHD: The Mediating Roles of Working Memory and Mathematical Calculation.

The difficulties children with ADHD experience solving applied math problems are well documented; however, the independent and/or interactive contributions of cognitive processes underlying these difficulties are not fully understood and warrant scrutiny. The current study examines two primary cognitive processes integral to children’s ability to solve applied math problems: working memory (WM) and math calculation skills (i.e., the ability to utilize specific facts, skills, or processes related to basic math operations stored in long-term memory). Thirty-six boys with ADHD-combined presentation and 33 typically developing (TD) boys aged 8–12 years old were administered multiple counterbalanced tasks to assess upper (central executive [CE]) and lower level (phonological [PH STM] and visuospatial [VS STM] short-term memory) WM processes, and standardized measures of mathematical abilities. Bias-corrected, bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that CE ability fully mediated between-group differences in applied problem solving whereas math calculation ability partially mediated the relation. Neither PH STM nor VS STM was a significant mediator. When modeled together via serial mediation analysis, CE in tandem with math calculation ability fully mediated the relation, explained 79% of the variance, and provided a more parsimonious explication of applied mathematical problem solving differences among children with ADHD. Results suggest that interventions designed to address applied math difficulties in children with ADHD will likely benefit from targeting basic knowledge of math facts and skills while simultaneously promoting the active interplay of these skills with CE processes.
On the average-cost optimality equations and convergence of discounted-cost relative value functions for inventory control problems with quasiconvex cost functions

Average-cost optimality inequalities imply the existence of stationary optimal policies for Markov Decision Processes with average costs per unit time, and these inequalities hold under broad natural conditions. Additional conditions are required for the validity of the average-cost optimality equations. Recently Feinberg and Liang [10, Theorem 3.2] showed that the equicontinuity of value functions for discounted costs is sufficient additional condition for the validity of average-cost optimality equations for problems with weakly continuous transition probabilities and with possibly unbounded one-step costs, and this condition holds for setup-cost inventory control problems with backorders and convex holding/backlog costs. This paper studies periodic-review setup-cost inventory control problem with backorders and with quasiconvex cost functions and general demands. It is shown that such problems satisfy the equicontinuity condition. Therefore, optimality inequalities hold in the form of equalities with a continuous average-cost relative value function for this problem. In addition, this implies that average-cost optimal (s, S) policies for the inventory control problem can be derived from the average-cost optimality equation. With the additional assumption on the monotonicity of the cost function, we establish the convergence of discounted-cost optimal ordering threshold s a and convergence of discounted-cost relative value functions, when the discount factor converges to 1, to the corresponding optimal threshold and optimal relative value function for the average-cost problem.
Beams, Plates, Membranes and Shells

Optimal structural designs often involve thin-walled structures. For example, if we wish to design a torsion bar to a given level of maximum shear stress, the cross section that minimizes the weight of the bar is a thin-walled cylinder, limited only by the requirement to avoid buckling of the walls and keep the envelope of the structure within externally prescribed dimensions. Thin-walled structures are also often found in the natural world, presumably the result of evolution-driven structural optimization.
Synthesis of Alternating Donor-Acceptor Ladder-Type Molecules and Investigation of Their Multiple Charge-Transfer Pathways.

We describe the synthesis as well as the optical and charge-transport properties of a series of donor–acceptor (D-A) ladder-type heteroacenes. These molecules are stable, soluble, and contain up to 24 fused rings. Structural analyses indicated that the backbones of S 10r and Se 10r are bent in single crystals. The three 10-ring heteroacenes were functionalized with thiol anchoring groups and used for single-molecular conductance measurements. The highest conductance was observed for molecular wires containing a benzoselenadiazole (BSD) moiety, which exhibits the narrowest band gap. Multiple charge-transport pathways were observed in molecular wires containing either benzothiadiazole (BTD) or BSD. The conductance is a complex function of both energy gap and orbital alignment.
A Comparative Study of Two Painting Teachers of Talented Adolescents

Case studies of two art teachers of talented young adolescents are compared to determine what characteristics might determine successful classroom practice. It is concluded that artists who teach talented art students should be aware that their students may have needs for understanding the contexts in which they create art, examining their reasons for creating art, and becoming intensely involved in art issues that go beyond acquisition of art skills and techniques. Teachers of talented students should understand each student's sensibilities, teach proactively, present mediated learning experiences, and reflect critically about their teaching practices, as well as have preparatory experiences in learning how to organize art classes.
Analytical assessment of course sequencing: The case of methodological courses in psychology.

Small differences in course sequencing may have broad effects on undergraduate science learning. In the current research, we developed an analytical approach for assessing questions about course sequencing using educational data sets, and we applied it to questions about the Psychology major. This study examined the relationships between student achievement (grades) in psychology courses taken before and after methodological courses. We used a longitudinal institutional dataset involving thousands of students across seven cohorts, and control for demographics, SAT achievement, and prior psychology GPA. We found that two courses were especially important: Achievement in statistics and research methods courses related to grades in subsequent advanced seminars, lab courses, and overall psychology GPA. Additionally, relations between research methods achievement and topical course grades were stronger when those courses were taken after versus before research methods, further reducing the likelihood of hidden third variable explanations. The same was not true for most other introductory courses, although it was found for biopsychology, which may be because biopsychology (which also includes neuroscience) is relevant across many areas of psychology, similar to research methods. These correlational findings suggest that requiring students to take research methods and biopsychology early on in the major, and ensuring success in these courses, may enhance subsequent learning. More broadly, this research provides a template for data-based approaches to course sequencing questions within any undergraduate major. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Optimization Applications in the Airline Industry

The quality of an airline’s product is measured by its timeliness, accuracy, functionality, quality, and price. For the air transportation customers, these criteria translate into flexible schedules, on-time flights, safety, satisfactory in-flight services, proper baggage handling, reasonable prices, and convenient ticket purchases To provide this high-quality, low-cost product, airlines rely on optimization-based decision support systems to generate profitable and cost-effective fare classes, flight schedules, fleet plans, aircraft routes, crew pairings, gate assignments, maintenance schedules, food service plans, training schedules, and baggage handling procedures.
Assessing the Psychometric Properties of Deming's 14 Principles

Imagefile:Much has been written about Deming's philosophy and its role in creating a total quality environment in the workplace. The quality literature abounds with success stories of "Demingized" firms. To date, however, there has been no emp..
Microcomputer Interpretation of Red Blood Cell Panel

The interpretation of red blood cell panels and identification of alloantibodies can be a difficult and time-consuming task. PANEL-IZER, a computer program that performs this interpretation, is described. The panel analysis is based on a matrix algebra algorithm that is presented in detail. Conditional probability logic supplements the analysis by searching for unexpected reactive cells or other possibilities such as the presence of autoantibodies or antibodies to low- or high-frequency antigens. The program considers phases of reactivity, dosage effects, and reaction strengths to aid in antibody identification. Probability levels for antibody identification based on Fisher's "exact" method are calculated. The program also can help suggest a "select cell" panel. This program can be a valuable tool in blood banks to aid in the interpretation of panels, to check technologists' interpretations, to generate "select cell" panels, and to help teach students and residents antibody identification.
An innovative academic-practice partnership to enhance the development and training of military nurses.

Abstract Academic-practice partnerships have been identified by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing as a best practice for advancing the profession of nursing in a collaborative manner by sharing goals, knowledge, and respect in a mutually beneficial line of effort. Training military nurses poses a unique challenge to academia and military nurse corps to produce competent nursing professionals who are also effective military officers. The academic-practice partnership between the United States Army Cadet Command's ROTC program and the University of San Francisco's School of Nursing is a prime example of such a partnership. Through the innovative month-long nurse summer training internship program, Army nursing students work one-on-one with an experienced Army nurse preceptor to receive an intense clinical experience with a minimum of 150 h of hands-on patient care in a military medical treatment facility. This example of cognitive apprenticeship learning provides an adjunct to nursing program curricula in addition to an introduction of the roles and responsibilities of a military officer. This academic-practice partnership helps develop a strong group of novice nurses who are confident leaders and critical thinkers that easily make the transition from academia to professional practice.
Independent Living: Relation among Training, Skills, and Success.

Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of independent living training programs on the probability of (a) remaining independent and (b) improving or maintaining skills for 1,498 people with developmental disabilities who were living in their own homes in 1983. The effects of improving or maintaining skills on the probability of remaining independent were also examined. Results showed that by the end of the 7-year study period, individuals who received greater amounts of independent living services and improved or maintained their independent living skills were more likely to still live independently. However, there was no significant relation between receiving such services and the probability of improving or maintaining one's skills. The programmatic implications of this apparently paradoxical finding were discussed.
Identification of city specific important bacterial signature for the MetaSUB CAMDA challenge microbiome data.

Metagenomic data of whole genome sequences (WGS) from samples across several cities around the globe may unravel city specific signatures of microbes. Illumina MiSeq sequencing data was provided from 12 cities in 7 different countries as part of the 2018 CAMDA “MetaSUB Forensic Challenge”, including also samples from three mystery sets. We used appropriate machine learning techniques on this massive dataset to effectively identify the geographical provenance of “mystery” samples. Additionally, we pursued compositional data analysis to develop accurate inferential techniques for such microbiome data. It is expected that this current data, which is of higher quality and higher sequence depth compared to the CAMDA 2017 MetaSUB challenge data, along with improved analytical techniques would yield many more interesting, robust and useful results that can be beneficial for forensic analysis. A preliminary quality screening of the data revealed a much better dataset in terms of Phred quality score (hereafter Phred score), and larger paired-end MiSeq reads, and a more balanced experimental design, though still not equal number of samples across cities. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis showed interesting clusters of samples and a large amount of the variability in the data was explained by the first three components (~ 70%). The classification analysis proved to be consistent across both the testing mystery sets with a similar percentage of the samples correctly predicted (up to 90%). The analysis of the relative abundance of bacterial “species” showed that some “species” are specific to some regions and can play important roles for predictions. These results were also corroborated by the variable importance given to the “species” during the internal cross validation (CV) run with Random Forest (RF). The unsupervised analysis (PCA and two-way heatmaps) of the log2-cpm normalized data and relative abundance differential analysis seemed to suggest that the bacterial signature of common “species” was distinctive across the cities; which was also supported by the variable importance results. The prediction of the city for mystery sets 1 and 3 showed convincing results with high classification accuracy/consistency. The focus of this work on the current MetaSUB data and the analytical tools utilized here can be of great help in forensic, metagenomics, and other sciences to predict city of provenance of metagenomic samples, as well as in other related fields. Additionally, the pairwise analysis of relative abundance showed that the approach provided consistent and comparable “species” when compared with the classification importance variables. This article was reviewed by Manuela Oliveira, Dimitar Vassilev, and Patrick Lee.
Promoting Hispanic Immigrant Health via Community Health Workers and Motivational Interviewing

Hispanic immigrant health disparities are among the highest in the nation, especially related to obesity and access to health services. Healthy Fit (En Forma Saludable) is a health promotion program that leverages public health department infrastructure to address these disparities through the use of three key innovations explored in this article: community health workers (CHWs), motivational interviewing (MI), and vouchers for free preventative health services. CHWs trained in MI conduct a health screening and then distribute preventive service vouchers and health resources as needed based on screening results. Vouchers cover breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening, and several vaccinations including flu and human papillomavirus. Resources to support exercise, to support a healthy diet, to quit smoking, and to reduce risky drinking are also distributed as needed. CHWs then use MI to address perceived barriers and strengthen intrinsic motivation to make use of the health resources. Integrating these strategies provides a low-cost approach to promote healthy behavior in an underserved immigrant population.
3D-Printed Labware for High-Throughput Immobilization of Enzymes.

In continuous flow biocatalysis, chemical transformations can occur under milder, greener, more scalable, and safer conditions than conventional organic synthesis. However, the method typically inv...
Big data algorithms and applications in intelligent transportation system: A review and bibliometric analysis

Abstract The volume and availability of data in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) result in the need for data-driven approaches. Big Data algorithms are applied to further enhance the intelligence of the applications in the transportation field. Applying Big Data algorithms has increasingly received attention in both the academic and industrial fields of ITS. Big Data algorithms in ITS have a wide range of applications including but not limited to signal recognition, object detection, traffic flow prediction, travel time planning, travel route planning and safety of vehicle and road. This survey aims to provide a bibliography, a comprehensive review of the application of ITS and a review of most recognized models with Big Data used in the context of ITS. 586 papers are reviewed over the period 1997–2019. This study provides a deep insight into applications of Big Data algorithms in ITS, revealing different areas of those applications and integrates models and applications. The result of the study identifies research gaps and direction for the future.
Robust localized cyber-attack detection for key equipment in nuclear power plants

Abstract Most nuclear power plants (NPPs) are looking deploying digital instrumentation and control (IC a false data injection attack on key equipment is the focus of this research due to the potential severe consequences associated with such an attack. In false data injection, the attackers may alter the reading of control sensors or commands to change the operation of an NPP. Current cybersecurity efforts focus on intrusion prevention by firewalls or data-flow direction control and use commercial intrusion detection systems, which usually focus on monitoring Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, ports, and payload length. However, attention should be given to conditions where these approaches can fail, such as an insider attack. Previous research based on process data shows the potential of a last defenseâ, line using online monitoring of the process data in concern with cyber data analysis. However, existing models involve different subsystems across the whole NPP, which has a wide attack surface and may require high computing cost. This holistic approach may not meet the time-sensitive requirements imposed upon I&C systems. This paper proposes a localized kit for key equipment in a process as a complementary detection method to improve the robustness of key equipment under cyber-attacks. Compared to existing models, this reduces the number of variables used in the model and significantly improves the computational speed. It also reduces the attack surface by limiting the data acquisition locally. This localized kit includes a cyber-attack detection model to detect anomalies within key components, such as the control system actuator, and an inference model to potentially reconstruct a compromised signal to allow the safe shut down. To develop and demonstrate the localized cybersecurity kit, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed was built with a pressurized water reactor (PWR) simulator and a programmable logical controller (PLC). The PLC was programmed to control the steam generator (SG) water level at a specified set point, and the PWR simulator was utilized to simulate the nuclear system and response for parameters outside of the SG. Three false data injection attacks were conducted towards the testbed to generate the data needed for the localized kit development and evaluation. The results show the cyber-attack detection model is effective under false data injection scenarios and the inference model is promising as a signal reconstruction method.
Modeling of an immune response: Queuing network analysis of the impact of zinc and cadmium on macrophage activation.

COPD is characterized by progressive, irreversible airflow obstruction resulting from an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious gases and particles. Alveolar macrophages rely on the transcription factors nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), amongst others, to facilitate the production of inflammatory mediators designed to help rid the lung of foreign pathogens and noxious stimuli. Building a kinetic model using queuing networks, provides a quantitative approach incorporating initial number of individual molecules along with rates of the reactions in any given pathway. Accordingly, this model has been shown useful to model cell behavior including signal transduction, transcription, and metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to determine whether a queuing theory model that involves LPS‐mediated macrophage activation in tandem with changes in intracellular Cd and zinc (Zn) content, or a lack thereof, would be useful to predict their impact on immune activation. We then validate our model with biologic cytokine output from human macrophages relative to the timing of innate immune activation. We believe that our results further prove the validity of the queuing theory approach to model intracellular molecular signaling and postulate that it can be useful to predict additional cell signaling pathways and corresponding biological outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The influence of the learning health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination of early literature.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has demanded immediate response from healthcare systems around the world. The learning health system (LHS) was created with rapid uptake of the newest evidence in mind, making it essential in the face of a pandemic. The goal of this review is to gain knowledge on the initial impact of the LHS on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PubMed, Scopus and the Duke University library search tool were used to identify current literature regarding the intersection of the LHS and the COIVD-19 pandemic. Articles were reviewed for their purpose, findings and relation to each component of the LHS. Results Twelve articles were included in the review. All stages of the LHS were addressed from this sample. Most articles addressed some component of interoperability. Articles that interpreted data unique to COVID-19 and demonstrated specific tools and interventions were least common. Conclusions Gaps in interoperability are well known and unlikely to be solved in the coming months. Collaboration between health systems, researchers, governments and professional societies is needed to support a robust LHS which grants the ability to rapidly adapt to global emergencies.
High-Impact Practices and Their Effects: Implications for the Undergraduate Political Science Curriculum

Part of a broader movement to promote student engagement in educational activities, high-impact practices (HIPs) are purported to deepen learning through such activities as first-year seminars, int...
Relationship of radiation dose to efficacy of radioembolization of liver metastasis from breast cancer.

Abstract Purpose To determine the relationship of tumoral and nontumoral radiation dose to response and toxicity after transarterial radioembolization (TARE) of breast cancer liver metastasis. Methods This retrospective study evaluated all patients with breast cancer liver metastases treated with TARE (2/2011—6/2019). Extent of disease was measured as unilobar or bilobar on baseline PET/CT prior to TARE. Response was assessed for targeted regions with modified PERCIST criteria on first follow-up PET/CT. Tumoral and nontumoral liver dosimetry was evaluated by performing volumetric segmentation on post-TARE Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT. ≥Grade 3 hepatotoxicity was defined as ≥grade 3 bilirubin/AST/ALT elevation or ascites requiring intervention. Fisher’s exact tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. Results Among 64 women, 60 patients had pre- and post-TARE PET/CT, of whom 46/60 (77 %) achieved objective response (OR). Responders received higher tumoral dose with a median (interquartile range) of 167 (96–217) vs. 54 (45–62) Gy (p Conclusion In TARE for breast cancer liver metastasis, higher tumoral radiation dose (>79.5 Gy) was associated with OR, which was associated with longer survival. Pre-existing liver dysfunction was associated with hepatotoxicity, which was associated with decreased survival.
Predicting Substance Use from Religiosity/Spirituality in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis.

Religiosity and spirituality predict lower alcohol and other substance use in community samples of adolescents and adults. However, the roles of religiosity and spirituality in substance use have not been examined in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Adults with CF (n = 123) completed measures of spirituality, religiosity, and substance use. Clinical measures of illness severity (e.g., BMI and %FEV1) were obtained from participants’ medical records. Substance use rates for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana were lower in this sample than those seen in the general population. Of the measured BMMRS subscales, spiritual experiences and religious commitment were significant predictors of lower alcohol use. These results suggest that personal factors of religiosity and spirituality are more important for substance use in adults with CF than participation in religious service and events or adoption of religious practices.
Monojet versus the rest of the world I: t-channel models

Monojet searches using Effective Field Theory (EFT) operators are usually interpreted as a robust and model independent constraint on direct detection (DD) scattering cross-sections. At the same time, a mediator particle must be present to produce the dark matter (DM) at the LHC. This mediator particle may be produced on shell, so that direct searches for the mediating particle can constrain the effective operator being applied to monojet constraints. In this first paper, we do a case study on t-channel models in monojet searches, where the (Standard Model singlet) DM is pair produced via a t-channel mediating particle, whose supersymmetric analogue is the squark. We compare monojet constraints to direct constraints on single or pair production of the mediator from multi-jets plus missing energy searches and we identify the regions where the latter dominate over the former. We show that computing bounds using supersymmetric simplified models and in the narrow width approximation, as done in previous work in the literature, misses important quantitative effects. We perform a full event simulation and statistical analysis, and we compute the effects of both on- and off-shell production of the mediating particle, showing that for both the monojet and multi-jets plus missing energy searches, previously derived bounds provided more conservative bounds than what can be extracted by including all relevant processes in the simulation. Monojets and searches for super-symmetry (SUSY) provide comparable bounds on a wide range of the parameter space, with SUSY searches usually providing stronger bounds, except in the regions where the DM particle and the mediator are very mass degenerate. The EFT approximation rarely is able to reproduce the actual limits. In a second paper to follow, we consider the case of s-channel mediators.
Expanding indications for liver transplantation in the era of liver transplant oncology

Despite numerous advances and emerging data, liver transplantation in the setting of gastrointestinal malignancies remains controversial outside of certain accepted indications. In an era of persistent organ shortage and increasing organ demand, allocation of liver grafts must be considered carefully. While hepatocellular carcinoma and hilar cholangiocarcinoma have become accepted indications for transplantation, tumor size and standardized multi-disciplinary treatment protocols are necessary to ensure optimal patient outcomes. As more studies seeking to expand the oncologic indications for liver transplantation are emerging, it is becoming increasingly clear that tumor biology and response to therapy are key factors for optimal oncologic outcomes. In addition, time from diagnosis to transplantation appears to correlate with survival, as stable disease over time portends better outcomes post-operatively. Identifying aggressive disease pre-transplant remains difficult with current imaging and tissue sampling techniques. While tumor size and stage are important prognostic predictors for most malignancies, patient and tumor selection protocols are necessary. As the fields of medical and surgical oncology continue to evolve, it is clear that a protocolized interdisciplinary treatment approach is necessary for combatting any cancer effectively. Disease stability over time and response to neoadjuvant therapy may be the best predictors for successful patient outcomes and can be easily incorporated in our treatment paradigms. Current data evaluating liver transplantation for expanded oncologic indications such as: expanded criteria hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, mixed tumors, and liver limited metastatic colorectal carcinomas, incorporate multi-modal therapies and evaluation of tumor treatment response. While further investigation is necessary, initial results suggest there is an expanded role for transplant surgery in malignancy in a new era of liver transplant oncology.
Discharging select patients without an escort after ambulatory anesthesia: identifying return to baseline function.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current standard of care requires ambulatory surgical patients to have an escort for discharge. Recent studies have started to challenge this dogma. Modern ultrashort acting anesthetics have minimal psychomotor effects after a couple of hours. Driving simulator performance and psychomotor testing return to baseline as soon as 1 h following propofol sedation. RECENT FINDINGS Two recent reports of actual experience with thousands of patients found no increase in complications in patients who were discharged without escort or drove themselves from a sedation center. These studies suggest discharge without escort may be safe in select patients but a method to identify appropriate patients remains undefined. SUMMARY A reliable test to document return of function might allow safe discharge without an escort. Currently, there is intense interest in developing reliable, inexpensive, easy to administer psychomotor function testing to improve workplace safety and legally define the effects of drugs on driving impairment. Future studies may be able to adapt this technology and develop a validated test for residual anesthetic impairment.
Charlson Comorbidity Index as a predictor of postoperative complication in octogenarians and nonagenarians with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer: a single-institution retrospective review

Objectives: Existing literature demonstrates that women age 80 years or older with endometrial cancer may not receive the standard of care due to comorbidities and concern for poor outcome. This study aims to identify factors associated with poor surgical outcome in octogenarians and nonagenarians with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer. Methods: We performed a single-institution retrospective study. Patients age 80 to 99 years who underwent surgical management of stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer between 2006 and 2017 were included. The validated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to quantify comorbidity burden. Patients with readmission, infection, blood transfusion, admission to a step-down or intensive care unit, or death within 30 days of surgery were considered to have a postoperative complication. Data analysis was performed on STATA. Results: Sixty-four patients met eligibility criteria (Table); 29% of patients experienced a postoperative complication. Twenty-five percent experienced a postoperative infection: pneumonia (9%), urinary tract infection (7%), superficial surgical site infection (4%), and fever of unknown origin treated with antibiotics (3%). Three percent required a blood transfusion; 4% required admission to a step-down or intensive care unit; 4% were re-admitted within 30 days. No patients died of any cause within 30 days. In a bivariate logistical regression, higher CCI scores were associated with the presence of a postoperative complication (p=0.02; odds ratio [OR] 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.91). Ten percent of patients with a CCI score of 6 experienced a postoperative infection compared to 36% of patients with a CCI score of 7 or greater (p=0.02). When compared to a minimally invasive approach, undergoing open surgery was associated with infection (15% versus 43%, p=0.01) and a postoperative hospitalization longer than three days (28% versus 71%, p Median follow-up time was 53 months (range, 4 months to 12 years). Seven percent of patients experienced recurrence; the three-year survival was 87% with 5% dying of disease. In a bivariate logistical regression, a higher CCI score was inversely associated with survival at three years (p=0.01, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.87). Download : Download high-res image (169KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: In octogenarians and nonagenarians undergoing surgical management of stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer, those with higher CCI scores were more likely to experience postoperative complications and had a lower likelihood of survival at three years. Lymph node dissection was not associated with increased rate of postoperative complication. As CCI scores can be easily calculated preoperatively, our findings may help providers identify patients at higher risk of postoperative complication and all-cause mortality within three years.
Primary Co-drafter, Northwest Inc. v. Ginsberg, Brief Amici Curiae of California et al

Primary Co-drafter, Northwest Inc. v. Ginsberg, Brief Amici Curiae of California et al (U.S. Supreme Court, 2012).
Knowledge of Sedimentation in Urban Environments

The population explosion, coupled with technological progress of the last century, has created megalopolis. Urbanization-suburbanization of America has changed the hydrology of affected areas, but little is known as yet other than qualitatively of the changes. Sediment data are widely collected in the United States, but mostly in large streams to measure runoff from nonurban areas for studies of reservoir silting. Measurements of sedimentation are scarce, and analytical studies are almost nonexistent for urban areas. Urbanization increases the proportion of impervious areas, which changes the surface water hydrology by increasing peak discharges appreciably without necessarily affecting larger flood runoff volumes. This change of stream regimen should increase sediment yield and have a marked geomorphological effect, if channels are not lined. Of more significance are drastic effects of urbanization on sediment yield which occur during construction when loads may increase. Studies have been semi-quantitative, particularly with respect to the relation of effects to causative factors. More intensive studies are needed for quantitative predictions of the effects of urbanization on sediment yield.
Variations of equine urinary volatile compounds during the oestrous cycle.

Ma, W. and Klemm, W.R., 1997. Variations of equine urinary volatile compounds during the oestrous cycle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 437-446
Apportioning Responsbility Among Joint Tortfeasors for International Law Violations

With the new wave of claims against corporations for human rights violations – particularly in the context of aiding and abetting government abuse – there are unusually difficult problems of joint tortfeasor liability. In many circumstances, one tortfeasor – the corporation – is a deep-pocketed defendant, easily subject to suit, but only marginally involved in the unlawful conduct. Another tortfeasor – the sovereign – is a central player in the unlawful conduct, but, with limited exceptions, is immune from suit under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. A third tortfeasor – the low-level security personnel – accused of actually committing the atrocity, is beyond the jurisdictional reach of the forum and is an insolvent, judgment-proof defendant.How should an adjudicator apportion responsibility among these joint tortfeasors? Does it matter that the principal players are immune or insolvent, while the marginal player is not? In apportioning responsibility, is it relevant that one tortfeasor simply knew of the misconduct or was negligent with respect to its likely occurrence, although it did not intend for the violation to occur? Despite the saliency of these questions, international law does not provide the answers.These problems are only exacerbated by the fact that international law violations can be pursued in multiple arenas – in national courts, international tribunals, and international arbitral bodies. As a general rule, international tribunals will resolve the question of apportioning liability using public international law, while domestic courts will resolve the question by recourse to private international law, and arbitral panels will rely on the governing law of the contract. The approach for resolving questions of apportionment will differ in these contexts, although each will resort to domestic tort law in one way or another.
Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Breast

Appreciation of the embryological development, anatomy, and physiology of the breast is critical for the rational evaluation and treatment of both benign and malignant breast disease. The breast develops from the ectodermally derived milk streak. Early in fetal life, the milk streak extends from the axilla to the pubis (Fig. 96.1). At the end of the first trimester, all but the pectoral portion of the milk streak atrophies, leaving the nipple bud. The ducts and lobules form from ingrowth of the ectoderm from the nipple surface. Breast development continues in puberty because of an interplay of mammotrophic hormones. By the age of 20, the breast has reached its greatest development. By 40, it begins to undergo atrophic change.
NUTRITIONAL BALANCE STUDIES IN VERY-LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS: ROLE OF WHEY FORMULA

Whey protein: casein ratio of 60:40,similar to human milk protein, may be preferable to a ratio of 18:82, similar to cow milk protein,in feeding VLBW neonates. Metabolic balances, serum chemistries, and body measurements were determined in 10 VLBW (<1530 g) infants fed a whey protein formula (WPF) and 9 fed a casein-predominant protein formula (CPF). Nitrogen (N) intakes were 452 and 559 mg/kg/d in WPF and CPF fed infants, respectively, N balances showed comparable urinary and fecal losses, averaging 17% and 9% of N intake, respectively, and comparable N retention values, averaging 74% of N intake. Net N retention was similar to calculated fetal accretion of N in both groups. Serum total protein, albumin, and urea N were within normal range. WPF-fed infants showed a more favorable acid base status, characterized by normal buffer base concentrations and lesser predisposition to metabolic acidosis, than CPF-fed infants. 5/9 infants from CPF group required oral bicarbonate treatment. None from the WPF group required similar treatment. Growth gains were similar.
The Burden of the Corporate Director Elected Noncumulatively

The author, a former Assistant Commissioner of the California Department of Corporations, argues that the standard of care provision applicable to corporate directors in the proposed revision of the California Corporations Code affords the opportunity to provide substantial protection of the interests of minority shareholders by taking into account the circumstances of the corporation, and in particular whether the directors were elected by cumulative voting or noncumulatively.
Freaks, Geeks, and Cool Kids: American Teenagers, Schools, and the Culture of Consumption

Part I: The Puzzle And The Tools Introduction 1. Why Do They Behave Like That? 2. The Tools fro Understanding Part II: Explaining Teens' Behavior 3. Fitting In, Standing Out and Keeping Up 4. Steering clear, Hanging Out and Hooking Up 5. Exchanges, Labels and Put downs Part III: Why Schools Vary 6. The Pluralistic High School 7. Other Kinds of Schools Part IV: Teen Status Systems and Consumerism 8. Creating Consumers 9. Consuming Life 10. Conclusions and Implications Appendix I: Theory of Status Relations : Elaborations Appendix II: Data and Methods Appendix III: Sample Research Materials
Optical distributed-feedback channel-dropping filters: design and fabrication

The integrated resonant channel-dropping filter is used in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The integrated filters are constructed by electron beam etching quarter-wave shifted distributed feedback (QWS-DFB) gratings on top of integrated rib waveguides. A QWS-DFB structure allows for a single optical resonance in the underlying waveguide. Such QWS-DFB structures can interact with optical signals in such as way as to selectively transmit, reflect, or detect the signals that are resonant with the structure. These frequency-selective operations are well suited for a variety of communication applications. >
Restoring Midwestern Viola species for regal fritillary butterfly recovery

Several Viola species found in tallgrass prairies of the Midwestern US are larval host plants to regal fritillary butterflies. Working from The Nature Conservancy preserves in Missouri and Indiana, we describe 2 methods of obtaining Viola seeds while producing plants for outplanting and for on-site seed increase production plots for upland and wetland Viola species that occur in the Midwestern US. We incorporate these important species into tallgrass prairie restoration projects that ultimately benefit regal fritillary butterflies.
A Comparative Cost and Performance Analysis of Structured and Packed-Bed Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage Systems

Integrated thermal energy storage (TES) is necessary for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants to be implemented as a cost-competitive and reliable power production option. This work presents and discusses existing utility scale CSP plants with integrated TES. The current standard TES system configuration, indirect two-tank, is presented, and the single-tank thermocline is proposed as a cost-reducing alternative. The traditional thermocline concept involves storing energy in a “packed-bed” of solid aggregate; however, concerns exist that settlement of aggregate over repeated thermal cycles may lead to thermal ratcheting and rupture of the tank’s walls. To address this issue, a structured thermocline is proposed, in which the aggregate bed is replaced with plates of concrete. Finite-difference-based numeric models are introduced and used to study the performance of packed-bed and structured thermoclines. A complete cost analysis of a 2,165 MWht TES system, considering both thermocline configurations, is provided. System Advisory Model (SAM) is used to perform life-cycle cost and performance analysis of a central receiver CSP plant incorporating three unique TES configurations: none, packed-bed thermocline, and structured thermocline. Conclusions are drawn as to which TES configuration is the most viable.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Three Generations of Complexity Theories: Nuances and ambiguities

The contemporary use of the term ‘complexity’ frequently indicates that it is considered a unified concept. This may lead to a neglect of the range of different theories that deal with the implications related to the notion of complexity. This paper, integrating both the English and the Latin traditions of research associated with this notion, suggests a more nuanced use of the term, thereby avoiding simplification of the concept to some of its dominant expressions only. The paper further explores the etymology of ‘complexity’ and offers a chronological presentation of three generations of theories that have shaped its uses; the epistemic and socio‐cultural roots of these theories are also introduced. From an epistemological point of view, this reflection sheds light on the competing interpretations underlying the definition of what is considered as complex. Also, from an anthropological perspective it considers both the emancipatory as well as the alienating dimensions of complexity. Based on the highlig...
OBSERVATION OF THE NATURAL EVOLUTION OF INSOMNIA IN THE AMERICAN GENERAL POPULATION COHORT

Factors associated with insomnia symptoms are numerous; mental disorders and organic diseases are among the most frequently observed associations. Nonetheless, epidemiologic studies examining these associations remain uncommon, partly because of the complexity of assessing mental disorders in the general population and the costs involved in doing lengthy interviews. Longitudinal studies examining the evolution of insomnia symptoms are nearly nonexistent and are limited in the associations studied. This article briefly reviews the existing studies that have examined the associations between insomnia and mental disorders along with consequences of insomnia. New data on a longitudinal study performed at the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center are presented also.
Nature's Two Ends: The Ambiguity of Progress in Evolution

Etude de l'ambiguite liee a la notion de progres dans la theorie evolutionniste. Examinant le debat portant sur l'idee d'une direction unique de l'evolution, l'A. montre que la these des deux fins de la nature defendue par G. G. Simpson et T. Dobzhansky implique la reconnaissance des deux formes complementaires, particulieres et generales du progres: dans le sens de la diversification, d'une part, et dans le sens de l'auto-organisation, d'autre part
A numerical analysis of large deflections of beams

Abstract Numerical methods are used in this paper for calculating large deflections of beams. The success of the application of the outlined procedure to these nonlinear problems is first demonstrated on an example of a uniformly loaded cantilever beam for which an alternative solution is available. The proposed method is then applied to a simply supported beam subjected to nonsymmetrical loads. Both concentrated load and partial uniformly distributed load are considered and the results are checked by experiment. In this analysis, as indeed in all previous work, the axis of the beam is assumed to be inextensible.
Family Therapy Theory Applied in a Group Setting: The Family Issues Group:

Family therapy theory and techniques can be successfully applied in group settings. This article discusses such an application of family therapy theory and describes it in terms of a group treatment setting for adult males with substance addiction. Various treatment rationales and subsequent interventions are explored.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mediated by CD8+ T Cells

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is believed to have an autoimmune origin. CD4(+) T cells have been well studied for their involvement in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CD8(+) T cells, however, have been overlooked until recently, when more attention has focused on their potential role in pathogenic mechanisms in MS. Here we summarize our work in generating a CD8(+) T cell-mediated EAE model. We discuss immune tolerance mechanisms that regulate CD8(+) T cells specific for myelin basic protein (MBP), and describe initial results regarding triggers of CD8(+) T cell-mediated disease. The availability of CD8(+) T cell-mediated EAE models will help to elucidate the pathogenic roles of CD8(+) T cells in MS, and provide tools for development of novel therapies for MS.