cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invariant ideals of abelian group algebras under the torus action of a field, II☆

Abstract Let V = V 1 ⊕ V 2 be a finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite locally-finite field F. Then V admits the torus action of G = F • by defining ( v 1 ⊕ v 2 ) g = v 1 g − 1 ⊕ v 2 g . If K is a field of characteristic different from that of F, then G acts on the group algebra K [ V ] and it is an interesting problem to determine all G-stable ideals of this algebra. In this paper, we show that, for almost all fields F, the G-stable ideals are uniquely writable as finite irredundant intersections of augmentation ideals of subspaces W 1 ⊕ W 2 , with W 1 ⊆ V 1 and W 2 ⊆ V 2 . As a consequence, the set of all G-stable ideals is Noetherian.
A Low-Memory Block-Implicit Solver for Coupled Solution of the Species Conservation Equations on an Unstructured Mesh

Many reacting flow applications mandate coupled solution of the species conservation equations. A low-memory coupled solver was developed to solve the species transport equations on an unstructured mesh. The first step was the decomposition of the domain into sub-domains comprised of geometrically contiguous cells—a process termed internal domain decomposition (IDD). This was done using the binary spatial partitioning (BSP) algorithm. Following this step, for each subdomain, the discretized equations were set up, written in block implicit form, and solved using two different solvers: a direct solver using Gaussian elimination and an iterative solver based on Krylov sub-space iterations, i.e., the Generalized Minimum Residual (GMRES) solver. Overall (outer) iterations were then performed to treat explicitness at sub-domain boundaries and non-linearities in the governing equations. The solver is demonstrated for a simple two-dimensional multi-component diffusion problem involving 5 species. Sample calculations show that the solver with direct solution for each block is most efficient if the number of cells in each block is small—typically tens of cells, while the solver with iterative solution for each block is most efficient if the number of cells is relatively large—typically hundreds of cells. Overall the iterative solution based solver performed best, with maximum efficiency gain of a factor of seven over a block Gauss-Seidel (GS) solver and was found to be comparable or better in efficiency than a block-implicit Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) solver. The gain in efficiency was found to increase with increase in cell aspect ratios.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Extension of the Temkin-Poet model to L > 0 partial waves: The generalized exchange approximation

The Temkin-Poet (TP) model of electron-hydrogen scattering is here generalized to $Lg0$ partial waves in such a way as to be a clear generalization of the exchange approximation (EA). This generalized exchange approximation (GEA) leads to a pair of coupled partial differential equations (PDE's). Boundary conditions are formulated, and the PDE's are solved by a finite element method program adapted from a previous partial wave calculation of the full problem [Shertzer and Botero, Phys. Rev. A 49, 3673 (1994)]. Calculations are carried out for ${}^{1,3}P$ and ${}^{1,3}D$ partial waves in the elastic region. Phase shifts are bounded from below, as is rigorously required, by exchange approximate phase shifts. But the GEA can yield resonances: in the elastic region, in addition to the ${}^{1}S$ resonance of the TP model, there is a ${}^{3}P$ resonance whose position and width are in close proximity to the lowest ${}^{3}P$ resonance of the full theory. The GEA distinguishes between singlet and triplet scattering for all $L,$ and it contains inelastic and ionization channels in the appropriate energy regions. It is expected that the GEA will have its greatest utility in the ionization domain, as a nontrivial test of the many recent methods being developed.
Preliminary Psychometric Data for the Academic Coping Strategies Scale

The purpose of this article is to describe the psychometric characteristics of the Academic Coping Strategies Scale (ACSS), which was designed to assess college students’ coping strategies within the context of a specific academic stressor. This article will present results of analyses of factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest stability, and validity evidence based on relationships with other variables. Results suggest that items can be grouped into three easily interpretable factors (i.e., Approach, Avoidance, and Social Support) and that preliminary psychometric data are mostly favorable. The article will also describe limitations of the study, directions for future research, and potential applications of the ACSS. An important next step in the development of the ACSS will be to modify the scale for use with middle and high school students so that professionals working in the schools will have a method of assessing academic coping strategies among youth.
Solution of the Haldane equation for substrate inhibition enzyme kinetics using the decomposition method

The Haldane equation has been widely used to describe substrate inhibition kinetics and biodegradation of inhibitory substrates. However, the differential form of the Haldane equation does not have an explicit closed form solution. In this study, we present an explicit solution to the Haldane equation as a recursive series using the decomposition method. We have divided the time interval into several subintervals and have used the first few terms of the series over these subintervals. These low-order solutions provided accurate solutions of the substrate concentration in the Haldane equation. Accuracies on the order of 10^-^4 were reached when only three terms were used in the series solution and the subinterval was 1% of the total time interval. This is adequate for most practical applications as most experimental measurements of substrate concentrations are seldom characterized by accuracies greater than 10^-^3. Also, results of any desired accuracy can be obtained by decreasing the subinterval size or increasing the number of terms in the solution. The algebraic nature of this solution and its accuracy make the decomposition method an attractive alternative to numerical approaches such as differential equation evaluation and root-solving techniques currently used to compute substrate concentration in the Haldane equation.
The abdominal perisympathetic neurohemal organs of the cockroach Periplaneta americana: Innervation revealed by cobalt chloride diffusion

Abstract By retrogradely diffusing Co 2+ through the two perisympathetic organs associated with the transverse nerve of the third abdominal ganglion and subsequently precipitating the sulfide, four groups of neuron somata in that ganglion and two somata in the second abdominal ganglion are revealed. The four groups in the third abdominal ganglion occur at various levels adjacent to the midsaggital plane, and there are 8 to 16 neurons in each group. Comparable numbers of putative neurosecretory cells, with granules that are paraldehyde fuchsin and azocarmine positive, are located in most of these regions. Axons containing granules with these staining characteristics are also present in the perisympathetic organs. It is suggested that the granules are secretory products of the median neurons. The locations of the cell bodies, their sizes, and some of the intraganglionic pathways of their processes are described.
Bcl2 retards G1/S cell cycle transition by regulating intracellular ROS.

Bcl2's antiapoptotic function is regulated by phosphorylation. Bcl2 also regulates cell cycle progression, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Bcl2 is functionally expressed in mitochondria where it can act as an antioxidant that may regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since ROS have been reported to act as second messengers in cell signaling, we tested whether Bcl2 phosphorylation regulates ROS and cell cycle progression. G1 → S transition and ROS levels were measured in cells expressing either the gain of function phosphomimetic Bcl2 mutants S70E and T69E/S70E/S87E (EEE) or the nonphosphorylatable and survival-deficient mutants S70A and T69A/S70A/S87A (AAA). Expression of S70E and EEE but not the A-containing Bcl2 mutants retards G1 → S transition by 35% to 50% and significantly slows cell growth in association with reduced levels of intracellular ROS. In addition to expression of the phosphomimetic Bcl2 mutants, either interleukin-3 withdrawal or treatment of cells with the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also reduces intracellular ROS levels in association with up-regulation of p27 and accumulation of cells in G0/G1. Retardation of G1 → S transition can be overridden by directly adding H2O2 to the cells in a mechanism that involves down-regulation of p27 and activation of Cdk2. Thus, Bcl2 may regulate G1 → S transition by a novel signaling mechanism that couples regulation of intracellular ROS with p27 and Cdk2. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Bcl2 may functionally link its antiapoptotic, cell cycle retardation, and antioxidant properties.
Regulating sustainability in the coffee sector: A comparative analysis of third-party environmental and social certification initiatives

Certification and labeling initiatives that seek to enhance environmental and social sustainability are growing rapidly. This article analyzes the expansion of these private regulatory efforts in the coffee sector. We compare the five major third-party certifications – the Organic, Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, Utz Kapeh, and Shade/Bird Friendly initiatives – outlining and contrasting their governance structures, environmental and social standards, and market positions. We argue that certifications that seek to raise ecological and social expectations are likely to be increasingly challenged by those that seek to simply uphold current standards. The vulnerability of these initiatives to market pressures highlights the need for private regulation to work in tandem with public regulation in enhancing social and environmental sustainability.
Topical anomaly detection from Twitter stream

In this paper, we spot topically anomalous tweets in twitter streams by analyzing the content of the document pointed to by the URLs in the tweets in preference to their textual content. Existing approaches to anomaly detection ignore such URLs thereby missing opportunities to detect off-topic tweets. Specifically, we determine the divergence of claimed topic of a tweet as reflected by the hashtags and the actual topic as reflected by the referenced document content. Our approach avoids the need for labeled samples by selecting documents from reliable sources gleaned from the URLs present in the tweets. These documents are used for comparison against documents associated with unknown URLs in incoming tweets improving reliability, scalability and adaptability to rapidly changing topics. We evaluate our approach on three events and show that it can find topical inconsistencies not detectable by existing approaches.
Understanding Random Effects in Group-Based Trajectory Modeling: An Application of Moffitt's Developmental Taxonomy

The group-based trajectory modeling approach is a systematic way of categorizing subjects into different groups based on their developmental trajectories using formal and objective statistical criteria. With the recent advancement in methods and statistical software, modeling possibilities are almost limitless; however, parallel advances in theory development have not kept pace. This paper examines some of the modeling options that are becoming more widespread and how they impact both empirical and theoretical findings. The key issue that is explored is the impact of adding random effects to the latent growth factors and how this alters the meaning of a group. The paper argues that technical specification should be guided by theory, and Moffitt's developmental taxonomy is used as an illustration of how modeling decisions can be matched to theory.
What You Feel Influences What You See: The Role of Affective Feelings in Resolving Binocular Rivalry

It seems obvious that what you see influences what you feel, but what if the opposite were also true? What if how you feel can shape your visual experience? In this experiment, we demonstrate that the affective state of a perceiver influences the contents of visual awareness. Participants received positive, negative, and neutral affect inductions and then completed a series of binocular rivalry trials in which a face (smiling, scowling or neutral) was presented to one eye and a house to the other. The percepts "competed" for dominance in visual consciousness. We found, as predicted, that all faces (smiling, scowling, and neutral) were dominant for longer when perceivers experienced unpleasant affect compared to when they were in a neutral state (a social vigilance effect), although scowling faces increased their dominance when perceivers felt unpleasant (a relative negative congruence effect). Relatively speaking, smiling faces increased their dominance more when perceivers were experiencing pleasant affect (a positive congruence effect). These findings illustrate that the affective state of a perceiver serves as a context that influences the contents of consciousness.
Characterization of pressure oscillations in the Penn State EVAD and mock circulatory system

Previous experiments using the Penn State electric ventricular assist device (EVAD) on the Penn State mock circulatory system show anomalous pressure oscillations in pressure traces taken from the ventricular sac. A lumped parameter mathematical model was developed to characterize the origin of these oscillations. The model was based on a valveless EVAD connected to an aortic tube terminating In a capacitance element. The system was divided into convenient control volumes to which the momentum and continuity equations were applied. A key parameter of the model is the nonlinear quasisteady compliance of the ventricle. The resulting set of independent equations were solved on a computer and compared to measurements taken from the corresponding physical system. The model shows pressure oscillations with similar characteristics to those found in instantaneous pressure traces taken from the physical system. >
Medical and social involvements of the cancer in the elderly

This contribution concerns the medical and social involvements of the cancer in the elderly with for reference the most recent studies in the American population. The presentation reviews the positive effects of the precocity of the diagnosis and the coverage of the patients by a nursing team, the question of implementation about decisions and therapeutic choices. The conclusion targets the importance of the functional age of the patients and the presence of natural helping, on which the authorities should rule. double dagger.
Wyeomyia (Nunezia) Paucartamboensis, a New Species of Sabethini (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Peruvian Andes with a Diagnosis of the Subgenus Nunezia

Abstract. Wyeomyia (Nunezia)paucartamboensis Porter, new species is described from specimens reared from tank bromeliads growing in humid premontane forest on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes. The description, with relevant illustrations and images, is of the adult male and female, as well as of the pupal and fourth-instar larval stages. In addition, a diagnosis of the subgenus Nunezia is presented with emphasis on differentiation from other subgenera of Wyeomyia.
Varna Schemes and Ideological Integration in Indian Society

Several decades ago, many studies of Indian caste equated this institution with the four-fold scriptural division of society called the varnas. At the present, however, most anthropologists agree that the jati or local endogamous group is the effective unit of caste. Although the varnas have little to do with the organization of caste groups, they do say something about the ideological integration of regions and sub-regions in traditional India. The term varna should not only be taken to refer to the literate, scriptural division. Rather it should mean any indigenous ideological scheme which merges castes into larger status categories or classifications. This paper suggests that such varna schemes are found throughout India, and that their individual distribution demarcates important cultural regions or nuclear areas. These schemes seem to function as ideological or ‘mechanical’ integrating mechanisms for areas which do not have stable and longstanding political and economic centricity (or ’organic’ cohesion). The ideas advanced below are in no sense final, but rather are intended mainly as suggestive of future research. They are tentative propositions aimed at a broader perspective on how regions in India were ideologically bounded by localized status categories of castes.
Results of pectoralis major transfer with fascia lata autograft augmentation for scapula winging.

Abstract Fifteen patients (9 male and 6 female) with a mean age of 32.8 years (range, 17-44 years) were examined at a mean follow-up of 64 months (range, 33-118 months) after undergoing pectoralis major transfer with a fascia lata autograft for scapular winging. Ten patients were treated as part of a worker's compensation claim. Twelve reported that they would undergo the procedure again. The mean Rowe score was 66 (range, 41-92), the mean Constant-Murley score was 74 (range, 32-95), the mean Simple Shoulder Test score was 8 of 12 positive responses, and the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 63 (range, 10-87). Pain decreased in 11 patients, whereas function improved in 10 patients. According to the Rowe scoring system, the results were excellent in 2 patients, good in 5, fair in 4, and poor in 4. Better results occur in patients attaining at least 60° of external rotation postoperatively. Although complete relief of pain and full function were not always achieved, most patients returned to their preoperative level of activity with minor adaptations. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002;11:345-350)
Profile of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies I) serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains causing food-borne infections in New York City.

Strains of newly emerging Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies I) serotype 4,5,12:i:- causing food-borne infections, including a large food poisoning outbreak (n = 86) characterized by persistent diarrhea (14% bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and headache, were examined. The organisms were found in the stool samples from the patients. The biochemical profile of the organisms is consistent with that of S. enterica subsp. I serotypes, except for decreased dulcitol (13%) and increased inositol (96%) utilization. Twenty-eight percent of the strains showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamides, or tetracycline only; all three antimicrobial agents; or these agents either alone or in combination with ampicillin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. None of the serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains showed resistance or decreased susceptibility to chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin. On pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the strains showed 11 or 12 resolvable genomic fragments with 18 banding patterns and three PFGE profile (PFP) clusters (i.e., PFP/A, PFP/B, and PFP/C). Seventy-five percent of the isolates fingerprinted were closely related (zero to three band differences; similarity [Dice] coefficient, 86 to 100%); 63% of these were indistinguishable from each other (PFP/A(1)). PFP/A(1) was common to all strains from the outbreak and 11 hospital sources. Strains from six other hospitals shared clusters PFP/B and PFP/C. PFP/C(4), of the environmental isolate, was unrelated to PFP/A and PFP/B. Nine band differences (similarity coefficient, 61%) were noted between PFP/A(1) and PFP/E of the multidrug-resistant S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 strains. Whether these emerging Salmonella strains represent a monophasic, Dul(-) variant of serotype Typhimurium or S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Lagos or a distinct serotype of S. enterica subsp. I is not yet known. Some of the phenotypic and genotypic properties of the serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains are described here.
Multifunctional Dendrimer-Templated Antibody Presentation on Biosensor Surfaces for Improved Biomarker Detection

Dendrimers, with their well-defined globular shape and a high density of functional groups, are ideal nanoscale materials for templating sensor surfaces. This work exploits dendrimers as a versatile platform for capturing biomarkers with improved sensitivity and specificity. Synthesis, characterization, fabrication, and functional validation of the dendrimer-based assay platform are described. Bifunctional hydroxyl/thiol functionalized G4-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is synthesized and immobilized on to the polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-functionalized assay plate by coupling PEG-maleimide and dendrimer thiol groups. Simultaneously, part of the dendrimer thiol groups are converted to hydrazide functionalities. The resulting dendrimer-modified surface is coupled to the capture antibody in the Fc region of the oxidized antibody. This preserves the orientation flexibility of the antigen binding region (Fv) of the antibody. To validate the approach, the fabricated plates are further used as a solid phase for developing a sandwich type ELISA to detect IL-6 and IL-1β, important biomarkers for early stages of chorioamnionitis. The dendrimer-modified plate provides assays with significantly enhanced sensitivity, lower nonspecific adsorption, and a detection limit of 0.13 pg ml-1 for IL-6 luminol detection and 1.15 pg ml-1 for IL-1β TMB detection, which are significantly better than those for the traditional ELISA. The assays were validated in human serum samples from normal (non-pregnant) woman and pregnant women with pyelonephritis. The specificity and the improved sensitivity of the dendrimer-based capture strategy could have significant implications for the detection of a wide range of cytokines and biomarkers since the capture strategy could be applied to multiplex microbead assays, conductometric immunosensors and field effect biosensors.
Training Adult Protective Services Workers About Domestic Violence Training Needs and Strategies

Many cases of elder abuse involve instances of partner abuse. In this study, attention is given to whether adult protective services supervisors think their workers know enough about specific aspects of domestic violence. Attention is also given to the strategies that the supervisors think would be most useful to teach about domestic violence. According to the supervisors, workers need to know more about intervening with perpetrators, planning for their own safety, and dealing with frustrations. The supervisors rated the importance of understanding theoretical perspectives as low. Results also show that agencies with domestic violence training policies participate in domestic violence training programs more often.
The Magnetic Field of a Plane Current Sheet With Different Uniform Conductivities in Different Parts With Results For an Elliptic Area

Summary The magnetic field of a system of stationary currents circulating in a bounded uniformly conducting plane sheet or in an infinite plane conducting sheet with a discontinuity of conductivity across a closed contour, is obtained as a line integral along the boundary or the contour. The method is specially suitable for application when a uniform electric field acts in a conducting infinite plane sheet, uniform except for a certain area which is of different uniform conductivity. Detailed calculations are made for the case when this area is bounded by an ellipse, in the two cases when the field is in the direction of the major or minor axis of the ellipse. When the ellipse becomes a circle, the formulae reduce to those obtained otherwise by Ashour and Chapman. The results are useful for discussing geomagnetic effects around oceanic islands.
Analysis of high-reflectivity metal-dielectric mirrors for edge-emitting lasers.

A metal–dielectric mirror is shown as a simple solution for high-reflectivity coatings on cleaved-facet edge-emitting lasers, as well as a means to provide wavelength stabilization and spectral filtering. We show, through the use of a simple SiO2/Ti/Au coating, reflectivities better than 90% and a 25% reduction in the 30-dB linewidth of the output spectrum. Wavelength filtering and varying reflectivities are described as the result of multiple reflections and a coupled-cavity effect.
Age Related Changes in the Functional, Biochemical and Molecular Properties of α1-Adrenoceptors in the Rat Genitourinary Tract

Purpose: Because age related changes occur in the properties of α1-adrenoceptor in several mammalian tissues and α1-adrenoceptor antagonists are extensively used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia, we investigated age related changes in the functional, biochemical and molecular properties of α1-adrenoceptor in the rat genitourinary tract.Materials and Methods: The characteristics of α1-adrenoceptor in the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, and bladder base and dome of 3 and 22-month-old rats were determined using an isolated muscle bath, radioligand receptor binding and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques.Results: Old rats had significantly higher body weight, lower testosterone, a smaller ventral prostate and a larger bladder dome than young rats. Although there was no significant age dependent difference in the properties of α1-adrenoceptor in the bladder base and dome, total α1-adrenoceptor density, mRNA expression of all 3 α...
The Stress Hormone Corticosterone Increases Synaptic α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors via Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase (SGK) Regulation of the GDI-Rab4 Complex

Corticosterone, the major stress hormone, plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system, although the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid signaling are largely unknown. Here we show that a short treatment of corticosterone significantly increases α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission and AMPAR membrane trafficking in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex, a key region involved in cognition and emotion. This enhancing effect of corticosterone is through a mechanism dependent on Rab4, the small GTPase-controlling receptor recycling between early endosome and plasma membrane. Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI), which regulates the cycle of Rab proteins between membrane and cytosol, forms an increased complex with Rab4 after corticosterone treatment. Corticosterone also triggers an increased GDI phosphorylation at Ser-213 by the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK). Moreover, AMPAR synaptic currents and surface expression and their regulation by corticosterone are altered by mutating Ser-213 on GDI. These results suggest that corticosterone, via SGK phosphorylation of GDI at Ser-213, increases the formation of GDI-Rab4 complex, facilitating the functional cycle of Rab4 and Rab4-mediated recycling of AMPARs to the synaptic membrane. It provides a potential mechanism underlying the role of corticosteroid stress hormone in up-regulating excitatory synaptic efficacy in cortical neurons.
Research Across the Curriculum: Teaching Undergraduates to Complete a Good Senior Capstone Paper

Despite the urging of the profession to include a capstone experience in the undergraduate economic major, little has appeared in the literature about such courses. Additionally, though changes in computing have made it possible for undergraduates to complete reasonable professional-style research, a natural capstone experience, little has been written about teaching undergraduates to complete research at that level. At our small university, we have discovered that a successful capstone research project requires teaching students the rhetoric of economic research as well as economics and econometrics. We have also discovered that the complexity of completing that task requires more than one semester for most students. We describe our curriculum, our method of assessment, and some evidence that our students have improved as the curriculum has evolved.
Menu engineering using activity-based costing: an exploratory study using a profit factor comparison approach.

Traditional cost accounting systems have been replaced in the manufacturing sector by activity-based costing (ABC) systems. Now in wide use by manufacturing firms, ABC has made few inroads in the services and hospitality sector, including the restaurant industry. Several recent studies have begun to reverse this trend by applying ABC to restaurants. This study extends those works by creating an ABC menu engineering (ME) analysis, and comparing the results with traditional ME results. Four hypotheses were constructed that tested the relationships between the restaurant manager’s perceptions, traditional ME methods, and ABC-based ME. The results suggest that ABC-based ME may be a feasible alternative for examining menu profitability.
Pharmacogenomics and adverse drug reactions

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed during drug development have been the cause for discontinuing development of many drugs. In addition, serious but rare ADRs observed after marketing have led to withdrawal of some drugs. A priori identification of individuals at risk of developing ADRs for a given drug will help develop strategies to reduce the risk for ADRs in these patients. US FDA initiatives and efforts at reducing ADRs to make drugs safer are described, including updating of drug labels to include genomic information intended to reduce ADRs. Pharmacogenomics can also be harnessed to identify individuals at risk of developing serious ADRs and to treat these individuals with alternative therapy, thus converting ADRs that are traditionally considered unavoidable to avoidable ADRs.
Does Having a Personal Physician Improve Quality of Care in Diabetes

Purpose: Although having a continuous relationship with a physician is a defining feature of primary care, few studies have evaluated the effect of this on chronic disease management. This aim of this study was to examine whether having a regular physician is associated with improvements in reaching treatment goals for patients with diabetes. Methods: Through the use of a diabetes registry, patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for a minimum of 6 months cared for in a large, single academic family medicine practice were compared based on whether they had a regular physician or not. The 2 groups were compared in the frequency in which they achieved goals for management of glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and other aspects of diabetes care. Results: Patients with a regular provider were slightly older than those without a provider (57.5 years vs. 50.9 years; P = .002), but the gender distribution and percent who were smokers was the same. In assessing diabetes quality measures, patients with a regular provider had lower average levels of glycated hemoglobin (7.70 vs 8.53; P = .01), but no difference was noted in the percentage achieving a goal of ≤7.0. No differences were noted between the groups in either the average systolic or diastolic blood pressures or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or in the percentages of patients achieving recognized goals for these measures. When examining other preventive services, patients with a regular provider were more likely to receive an influenza immunization within the last year (51.8% vs 35.6%; P = .02) but no more likely to receive a pneumococcal vaccine or take an aspirin each day. Conclusion: This study suggests that there are few benefits for patients with diabetes in having an established regular provider over having a regular place of service.
Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division

Researchers demonstrate a microwave generator based on a high-Q optical resonator and a frequency comb functioning as an optical-to-microwave divider. They generate 10 GHz electrical signals with a fractional frequency instability of ≤8 × 10−16 at 1 s.
Energy exchange and evapotranspiration over two temperate semi-arid grasslands in North America

Abstract The seasonal and interannual variability in surface energy exchange and evapotranspiration ( E ) of two temperate semi-arid grasslands in southeastern Arizona, USA, were investigated using multi-year (2004–2007) eddy covariance measurements. The study sites, a post-fire site (AG) and an unburned site (KG), received 43–87% of the annual precipitation ( P ) during the North American Monsoon season (July–September), with the lowest values in the drought years of 2004 and 2005. Irrespective of the differences in temperature, surface albedo, vegetation cover and soil characteristics both sites responded similarly to changes in environmental conditions. The seasonal and interannual variations in the partitioning of net radiation to turbulent fluxes were mainly controlled by P through the changes in soil water content ( θ ) and vegetation growth. Drastic changes in albedo, vegetation growth and energy fluxes occurred following the onset of the monsoon season in July. During the dry or cool periods of autumn, winter and spring, the sensible heat flux was the largest component of the energy balance, whereas latent heat flux dominated during the warm and wet periods of summer. The dry-foliage Priestley–Taylor coefficient ( α ) declined when θ in the 0–15 cm soil layer dropped below 0.08 m 3 m −3 at AG, and 0.09 m 3 m −3 at KG, respectively. The July–September average of dry-foliage surface conductance, α and E , reached their lowest values in 2004 at AG and in 2005 at KG. During July–September, monthly E was linearly correlated to the monthly mean θ and the broadband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), whereas during May–June the relationship between NDVI and E was not significant. Annual E varied from 264 to 322 mm at AG and from 196 to 284 mm at KG with the lowest value during the severe drought year at the site. July–September E had positive correlation with total P , the mean NDVI and the number of growing season days during that period. Annual P explained more than 80% of the variance in annual E .
On concentric spherical codes and permutation codes with multiple initial codewords

Permutation codes are a class of structured vector quantizers with a computationally-simple encoding procedure. In this paper, we provide an extension that preserves the computational simplicity but yields improved operational rate-distortion performance. The new class of vector quantizers has a codebook comprising several permutation codes as subcodes. Methods for designing good code parameters are given. One method depends on optimizing the rate allocation in a shape-gain vector quantizer with gain-dependent wrapped spherical shape codebook.
The engL gene cluster of Clostridium cellulovorans contains a gene for cellulosomal manA.

A five-gene cluster around the gene in Clostridium cellulovorans that encodes endoglucanase EngL, which is involved in plant cell wall degradation, has been cloned and sequenced. As a result, a mannanase gene, manA, has been found downstream of engL. The manA gene consists of an open reading frame with 1,275 nucleotides encoding a protein with 425 amino acids and a molecular weight of 47,156. ManA has a signal peptide followed by a duplicated sequence (DS, or dockerin) at its N terminus and a catalytic domain which belongs to family 5 of the glycosyl hydrolases and shows high sequence similarity with fungal mannanases, such as Agaricus bisporus Cel4 (17.3% identity), Aspergillus aculeatus Man1 (23.7% identity), and Trichoderma reesei Man1 (22.7% identity). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses of the purified recombinant ManA (rManA) indicated that the N-terminal region of the rManA contained a DS and was truncated in Escherichia coli cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis indicated that ManA is one of the cellulosomal subunits. ManA production is repressed by cellobiose.
Are Sovereign Credit Ratings Objective? A Tale of Two Agencies

The sovereign credit ratings provided by credit rating agencies have great impact on a country's access to credit markets. To gain access to international credit markets, a country usually seeks ratings from the three biggest international credit rating agencies: Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and Fitch. However, the reliability of credit ratings by these international credit agencies has been under debate and has attracted more attention since the global financial crisis. Studies have demonstrated the differences among the ratings by these biggest rating agencies, but little research has been undertaken on the ratings by other agencies. A Chinese credit rating agency, Dagong, attracted a lot of attention after it first published U.S. ratings below AAA in August 2011, three days before Standard & Poor's downgraded U.S. debt from AAA to AA+. The present paper fills the gap in the literature by examining the differences between the sovereign credit ratings by Standard & Poor's and Dagong. The paper also checks the reliability of these ratings by a regression analysis of the ratings and commonly used sovereign risk indicators. The results indicate that the two rating agencies shared several common indicators in their rating methodologies, but subjective judgments also played a role in the ratings assigned by these two agencies.
Introducing University Students to Authentic, Hands-On Undergraduate Geoscience Research in Entry-Level Coursework

Undergraduate research experiences can be embedded into introductory-level geoscience courses to provide students an early opportunity to apply content knowledge and develop skill sets. These inquiry-based experiences are important to show students the relevance of geoscience to their lives and how even a basic level of content and skills can assist community-based organizations with their outreach mission. Geoscience research experiences can connect to global research efforts and be interdisciplinary in design. Undergraduate research experiences in the first 2 years of university studies are not without challenges, however. The time necessary to prepare students for research and to carry out the projects can take time away from traditional classroom lectures. In addition, sites for authentic, hands-on research may not exist in close proximity to the university. But the benefits of undergraduate research to individual student development on a personal and professional level are significant and will be carried forward by students to future courses and academic opportunities.
PP03.15 – 2755: Clinical metabolomics reveals a novel plasma biomarker for Snyder Robinson syndrome (X-linked spermine synthase deficiency)

Objective Clinical metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool to study metabolic perturbations in various diseases and to unravel novel biomarkers. In a monocenter study on metabolic-genetic research into epileptic encephalopathies, we applied untargeted metabolomics in parallel with exome sequencing in twin brothers with epileptic encephalopathy of unknown etiology. Genetic analysis confirmed Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS), a rare X-linked mental retardation syndrome. The underlying spermine synthase (SMS) deficiency affects polyamine metabolism and reduces intracellular spermine. So far, the diagnosis of SRS relied on a reduced spermine/spermidine ratio in lymphoblasts and/or sequencing of the SMS gene. Case The male monozygotic twins presented with developmental delay, progressive microcephaly and discrete dysmorphic features. From the age of 12 months, they developed therapy-resistant seizures with recurrent irregular myoclonic jerks and serial spasms in twin A. The EEG showed an abnormal background activity and multifocal and generalized spike waves. Additional atonic and tonic seizures and atypical absences occurred in both. At the age of 15 months, they developed a severe encephalopathy with frequent seizures, loss of milestones, impairment of visual interaction and a transient choreo-athetotic movement disorder. Both twins showed signs of osteopenia, twin B suffered a non-traumatic clavicular fraction at 23 months. Methods Clinical exome sequencing was applied in both twins and their parents. Sanger sequencing was applied to confirm the candidate variant. An untargeted plasma metabolomics analysis was performed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results Exome sequencing revealed a novel SMS missense mutation. Discriminant statistical analysis of the LC-MS data showed a distinct plasma metabolomics profile while comparative analysis versus age-matched controls revealed significantly elevated levels of N-acetylspermidine, a metabolite involved in spermine metabolism. Conclusion A combined clinical “omics” approach revealed N-acetylspermidine as a novel plasma biomarker for spermine synthase deficiency and identified a novel missense mutation in twin boys with SRS.
A Comparison of Hospitality Master’s Programs in North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Europe

Despite the increasing number of hospitality master’s programs, little is known about their curricula. Thus, we analyzed a total of 94 hospitality or tourism master’s programs in 4 regions (North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Europe) to examine similarities and differences in their characteristics and curricula using data collected from school Web sites. Results showed that master’s program models vary widely, indicating that there currently exists no representative model. Developing at least a common core set of competencies across regions will be necessary for hospitality and tourism to continue to evolve as a field.
Aphis Transmittal of Commelina Nudiflora Linnaeus Mosaic to Pineapple

Although a mosaic of Commelina nudiflora Linnaeus has been known in Hawaii for many years it has not, except for a passing reference by Kunkel in 1921 (4) been noted in the literature.
Temporal Subcutaneous Brow Lift

There are many approaches for lifting the brow. The temporal subcutaneous brow lift is a rapid and minimally invasive procedure which hides the incision in the hairline. It is easily added on to an upper blepharoplasty procedure.
Investigation of cycle life of Li–LixV2O5 rechargeable batteries

Abstract Li rechargeable cells made with structural the arrangement Li/membrane/Li x V 2 O 5 were examined under different charge states using AC impedance, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). These states include charged, discharged, and over-cycled. The lowest internal resistance was obtained from the cell in the charged state; the resistance increased when the cell was discharged; and the highest resistance was obtained from the cell in the over-cycled state. From the ESEM and TEM studies, it was found that the surface of the cathode was porous initially; however, it was coated with an amorphous film and porous features had also disappeared from the cell in the over-cycled state. In addition, higher concentration of aluminum was found on the surface of the cathode in over-cycled cells. The mechanisms for capacity degradation are discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Potential Distribution of Porcelain Insulator Strings for 750 kV Double-circuit Transmission Lines on the Same Tower

According to the actual situation of the insulators,three-dimensional electric field computation models for 750 kV double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower,considering the effects of tower,bundle conductors,grading ring,shielding line and so on,were established based on the finite element method(FEM). The open boundary field was transformed into finite field by the domain decomposition method and the asymptotic boundary conditions. The impacts of some factors,such as tower,bundled conductors,grading ring,shield line,the type of insulators,insulator suspension mode,conductor arrangement and so on,on the potential distribution of insulator strings were analyzed. Thus,the curve of potential distribution of the insulator strings was determined. The results show that the bundle conductors and tower affect the potential distribution of insulator strings greatly and cannot be ignored. The grading rings can significantly improve the potential,electric field distribution of insulator strings. The others,such as shielding line,the material of insulator,the type of insulators,insulator suspension mode,conductor arrangement,etc,have influence on the potential distribution of insulator strings.
Research and its application on end anchoring-grouting prestressed anchor range

For analyzing the mechanical effect of anchoring body and the anchor range,and using it to optimize the support parameters and provide guidance for construction.The calculation model of anchor range was established based on the theory of extrusion and reinforcement,which by using the elastic mechanics analysis method,and the equations of the anchorage range were solved by the Mathematic.The anchorage range equations were analysed on the base of Matlab software,thus to obtain the relationship between the anchor range and effective anchorage length and prestress.The results show that the anchorage range expends with the increase of effective anchorage length and prestress;the optimum anchor space is between 0.6m and 1.4m corresponding to the effective anchorage length and prestress which are commonly used in mines;the anchorage outer zone resembles the shape of a cone,of which the bottom diameter equals to the optimum anchor space,the height is 10% of the effective anchorage length and the hemline angle is between 7° and 29°.The anchorage range equations are applied to the support of pre-control roof in Xincheng gold mine,and the anchorage range of roof pre-controlling prestress resin anchor is obtained.The optimum anchor support space is 1.2m,with supporting percentage 79.3%,and the height and the bottom boundary angle of anchorage outer zone cone are 0.19m and 17.6°,respectively.
Associations Between Parental and Grandparental Marijuana Use and Child Substance Use Norms in a Prospective, Three-Generation Study.

Abstract Purpose Using prospective longitudinal data from three generations, this study seeks to test whether and how parent and grandparent marijuana use (current and prior) predicts an increased likelihood of child cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Methods Using multilevel modeling of prospective data spanning three generations (n = 306 families, children ages 6–22), this study tested associations between grandparent (G1) and parent (G2) marijuana use and child (G3) past-year cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Analyses tested whether G3 substance-related norms mediated these associations. Current G1 and G2 marijuana use was examined, as was G2 high school and early adult use and G1 marijuana use when G2 parents were in early adolescence. Controls included G2 age at G3 birth, G2 education and depression, and G3 gender. Results G2 current marijuana use predicted a higher likelihood of G3 alcohol and marijuana use but was not related to the probability of G3 cigarette use. G3's perceptions of their parents' norms and G2 current marijuana use both contributed independently to the likelihood of G3 alcohol and marijuana use when included in the same model. G3 children's own norms and their perceptions of friends' norms mediated the link between G2 current marijuana use and G3 alcohol and marijuana use. Conclusions Results are discussed in light of the growing trend toward marijuana legalization. To the extent that parent marijuana use increases under legalization, we can expect more youth to use alcohol and marijuana and to have norms that favor substance use.