cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of A y (θ) for n + 208 Pb from 6 to 10 MeV and the neutron-nucleus interaction over the energy range from bound states at -17 MeV up to scattering at 40 MeV

High-accuracy measurements of ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$(\ensuremath{\theta}) data for elastic scattering and inelastic scattering to the first excited state for n${+}^{208}$Pb have been performed at 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 MeV. In addition, \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta}) was measured at 8 MeV. These data provide an important subset for the growing database for the n${+}^{208}$Pb system from bound-state energies to energies above 40 MeV, the limit of the range of interest here. This database has been interpreted via several approaches. First, a conventional Woods-Saxon spherical optical was used to obtain three potential representations for the energy range from 4 to 40 MeV: ``best fits'' at each energy, constant-geometry global fit with linear energy dependences for the potential strengths for the range 4.0--40 MeV, and an extension of the latter model to allow a linear energy dependence on the radii and diffuseness. A preference for a complex spin-orbit interaction was observed in all cases. Second, the dispersion relation was introduced into the spherical optical model to obtain a more ``realistic'' representation. In our approach, the strength and shape of the real potential was modified by calculating the dispersion-relation contributions that originate from the presence of the surface and volume imaginary terms. Two potentials were developed, one based only on the scattering data (from 4.0 to 40 MeV) and another based additionally on single-particle and single-hole information down to a binding energy of 17 MeV. In addition, the \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta}) and ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$(\ensuremath{\theta}) measurements were compared to earlier conventional and dispersion-relation models. One of the latter of these included an l dependence in the absorptive surface term, and we applied this model in the 6- to 10-MeV region to describe all the \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta}) and the new ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$(\ensuremath{\theta}). A reasonably good overall description was obtained by all the models; however, only the l-dependent model came close to giving a detailed agreement to the data around 7 MeV, a region where some abnormal angular dependences occur in the data.
Perfectly Weighted Graphs

We present a classification of those graphs which arise as dual intersection graphs in the resolutions of complex surface singularities with perfect local fundamental group. Using computation intensive methods, we examine the possibilities for weights on the vertices corresponding to self-intersections of the exceptional curves.
Phenotype-genotype relationships in PEX10-deficient peroxisome biogenesis disorder patients.

The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) are characterized by neural, hepatic, and renal deficiencies, severe mental retardation, and are often lethal. These disorders are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous and are caused by defective peroxisomal protein import and decreased peroxisomal metabolic function. Mutations in PEX10 have been identified in patients from complementation group 7 (CG7) of the PBDs and we report here an analysis of the genotypes and phenotypes of PEX10-deficient patients. All four PEX10-deficient Zellweger Syndrome (ZS) patients were found to have nonsense, frameshift, or splice site mutations that remove large portions of the PEX10 coding region. In contrast, a more mildly affected PEX10-deficient neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy patient expressed a PEX10 allele with a missense mutation, H290Q, affecting the C-terminal zinc-binding domain of the PEX10 product. These results support the hypothesis that severe, loss-of-function mutations in PEX genes cause more severe clinical phenotypes, whereas mildly affected PBD patients have PEX gene mutations that retain residual function. To quantitate the effects of the PEX10 mutations identified here and elsewhere we employed a functional complementation assay. Surprisingly, we observed that nonsense and frameshift mutations predicted to delete the C-terminal 2/3 (R125X) or 1/3 (c.704insA) of the protein displayed nearly normal PEX10 activity. Even more surprising, we found that the unexpectedly high PEX10 activity displayed by these cDNAs could be eliminated by removing or mutating segments of the PEX10 cDNA downstream of the mutations. Although these results demonstrate serious flaws in the PEX10 functional complementation assay, they do suggest that the C-terminal zinc-binding domain is critical for PEX10 function.
A preliminary study of incisor exfoliation as an estimator of the postmortem interval using accumulated degree days.

Abstract This research shows the exfoliation of the anterior dentition has significant potential to aid in establishing the minimum length of the post-mortem interval. Accumulated degree days (ADD) were used to quantify the decomposition of the periodontal ligament, represented by post-mortem exfoliation of the incisors. After subjects were removed subsequent to disturbance by scavengers and time limitations on the study, the final sample size was 36 incisors from the maxillae and mandibles of seven pigs ( Sus scrofa ). Average daily temperature was calculated using hourly temperature data recorded using DS1921G thermochrons for the duration of the project (June 14–December 17, 2008). During this period, six teeth (16.7%) were exfoliated. ADD for these six teeth ranged from 1539.7 °C to 2006.7 °C. The average ADD required for exfoliation was 1788.0 °C (SD = 198.1 °C). No differences in ADD required for exfoliation were observed between the maxillary and mandibular teeth ( t = 2.085; p = 0.128).
Blind man living in normal society has circadian rhythms of 24.9 hours

A psychologically normal blind man, living and working in normal society, suffered from a severe cyclic sleep-wake disorder. Investigations showed that he had circadian rhythms of body temperature, alertness, performance, cortisol secretion, and urinary electrolyte excretion which were desynchronized from the 24-hour societal schedule. These rhythms all had periods which were longer than 24 hours and indistinguishable from the period of the lunar day.
Etherification reactions of propargylic alcohols catalyzed by a cationic ruthenium allenylidene complex

Abstract The cationic ruthenium allenylidene complex R Ru R ax −[Ru(indenyl)L(PPh 3 ) C C CPh 2 ] + PF 6 catalyzes the etherification of secondary and tertiary propargylic alcohols in a formal nucleophilic substitution reaction utilizing primary and secondary alcohols as the nucleophiles. At a catalyst loading of only 1.1 mol%, the corresponding propargylic ether products were obtained in 9 to 73% isolated yields (18 h reaction time at 100 °C); no further additives are required. The reaction exhibits an induction period; as shown by a control reaction, the high reaction temperature may chemically change the allenylidene complex to be employed as the catalyst but does not lead to catalyst deactivation.
Combinatorial control of yeast FET4 gene expression by iron, zinc, and oxygen

Acquisition of metals such as iron, copper, and zinc by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tightly regulated. High affinity uptake systems are induced under metal-limiting conditions to maintain an adequate supply of these essential nutrients. Low affinity uptake systems function when their substrates are in greater supply. The FET4 gene encodes a low affinity iron and copper uptake transporter. FET4expression is regulated by several environmental factors. In this report, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. First, we found that FET4 expression is induced in iron-limited cells by the Aft1 iron-responsive transcriptional activator. Second, FET4 is regulated by zinc status via the Zap1 transcription factor. We present evidence that FET4 is a physiologically relevant zinc transporter and this provides a rationale for its regulation by Zap1. Finally, FET4expression is regulated in response to oxygen by the Rox1 repressor. Rox1 attenuates activation by Aft1 and Zap1 in aerobic cells. Derepression of FET4 may allow the Fet4 transporter to play an even greater role in metal acquisition under anaerobic conditions. Thus, Fet4 is a multisubstrate metal ion transporter under combinatorial control by iron, zinc, and oxygen.
Enzyme nanoband electrodes

Abstract Enzyme nanoelectrodes have been constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase or tyrosinase onto ultrathin carbon films (of 35–50 nm thickness). The enzyme immobilization is accomplished via entrapment within electropolymerized poly(o-phenylenediamine) coatings. Cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential amperometry are used to characterize the performance of the new nanoscopic biosensors under different preparation and operation conditions. The resulting electrodes offer convenient and rapid measurements of millimolar substrate concentrations, and (to the best of our knowledge) are the smallest enzyme probes reported to date.
Aging Family Caregivers: Policies and Practices.

This review examines later life family support for adults with developmental disabilities from a life course perspective that takes into account social trends and changes in service patterns and in attitudes of families. Key issues addressed include: (1) trends affecting family caregiving, (2) health and social outcomes of life-long caregiving, (3) support needs of families, (4) family support policies and practices, and (5) recommendations for a research and policy agenda. Research examining outcomes of life-long caregiving has shown that most families adapt well to having a family member with disabilities. However, some families are at risk for poorer physical and mental health outcomes. These include cultural minorities and families of adults with behavioral challenges. Caregiving does seem to have a negative impact on maternal employment and family income as mothers often give up or cut back on employment to care for a child with developmental disabilities, who is more likely to continue living in the family home throughout adulthood than other adult children. Federal and state initiatives are addressing issues of family support through both the developmental disabilities and aging service systems.
Radiation-pressure enhanced opto-acoustic oscillator

This paper presents a driving scheme for silicon opto-acoustic oscillators (OAO) by simultaneously exploiting radiation-pressure (RP) and RF feedback oscillation mechanisms to achieve significantly lower phase noise than could be realized by either phenomenon solely. A theoretical model and experimental results are presented corroborating this scheme, demonstrating a silicon OAO operating at 175 MHz with a phase noise of -128.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with 2.77 dBm RF output power, resulting in a 10dB far-from-carrier phase noise improvement.
The Technique of Electroejaculation and Its Use in Dairy Bulls

Summary Evidence has been presented which indicates that it is possible by electrical stimulus to collect semen from some bulls which are either unable or unwilling to serve an artificial vagina. There have been no adverse effects or unfavorable associations in bulls collected from by electroejaculation. The semen so obtained was generally of greater volume but of lower density. However, the total numbers of spermatozoa were comparable to an ejaculate obtained by an artificial vagina. Electroejaculation may serve as a valuable adjunct to the artificial vagina as a means of collecting semen in artificial insemination centers, especially for bulls which are difficult to collect semen from by means of the artificial vagina.
Gyroharmonic emissions induced by energetic ions in the equatorial plasmasphere

A theoretical investigation shows that MeV ions observed in the plasmasphere which have a power law distribution function possessing strong pitch angle anisotropy can give rise to emissions at frequencies near the harmonics of the ion gyrofrequencies observed in the same region. These emissions are sustained by the low-beta sub c plasma in the plasmasphere. It is found that only emissions with frequencies along the fast magnetosonic branch may occur and that these waves are essentially perpendicularly propagating. Growth is restricted to frequencies immediately below the ion gyroharmonics by the resonance condition and implies line widths of about 0.001 Omega sub alpha. Observations of ion gyroharmonic emissions with spacings of 1/16, 1/8, and 3/16 of the proton gyrofrequency may indicate the existence of energetic ion O(+), O(2+), and O(3+), respectively.
Genetic Value of Sexed Semen to Produce Dairy Heifers

Abstract Economic value of sexed semen due to increased intensity of selection on cows to produce replacements can be determined from a slight modification of a procedure used to predict net worth of semen of different costs from sires of different transmitting abilities. Table values corresponding to precision of sexing (selection intensity allowed for cows), discount rate, investment period, and conception rate are used in simple equations to determine the economic value of sexed or regular semen. The additional price that can be paid for sexed semen as compared to regular semen also can be determined. For example, sexed semen resulting in 80% heifers can increase transmitting ability of cows selected to produce heifers by 93 kg of milk or genetic gain by 8 kg per year. However, with a discount rate of 10%, 10 yr, a conception rate of 50% for both regular and sexed semen, an added value above feed costs of $.1005/kg, and an ampule cost of $6 for regular semen, the cost per ampule of sexed semen must be less than $15.67 for use of sexed semen to be profitable. Another example also is given in the text for comparing the expected economic returns for two bulls with different predicted difference milk, conception rates, and price per breeding unit of regular semen.
TEMPERATE MARINE RESERVES ENHANCE TARGETED BUT NOT UNTARGETED FISHES IN MULTIPLE NO-TAKE MPAS

Although many papers report the effects of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs or reserves), scientifically rigorous empirical studies are rare, particularly for temperate reef fishes. We evaluated the responses of fish populations to protection from fishing in reserves by comparing densities and sizes inside and outside of five no-take reserves in southern California, USA. Our results are robust because we compared responses across multiple rocky-reef reserves in two different years and controlled for possible site differences by (a) ensuring that habitat characteristics were the same inside and outside reserves, and (b) sampling species that are not targeted, which would not be expected to have a direct response to fishing. We compared fish density and size and calculated biomass and egg production across all five sites. Fishes targeted by recreational and/or commercial fisheries consistently exhibited increases in mean density (150%), size (30%), biomass (440%), and egg production (730%) inside reserves. Reserve effects were greatest for legal-sized targeted fishes: significantly greater densities were found exclusively inside reserves for targeted species (580%), the largest size classes existed only inside reserves, and mean biomass was 1000% higher. These responses were unlikely to have been caused by habitat differences because there were no significant differences in habitat characteristics between reserve and control locations. Densities of non-targeted species did not differ between reserve and non-reserve locations, further supporting the conclusions that differences in targeted species between reserve and control locations were due to harvesting rather than site-specific effects. Although MPAs cannot replace traditional fisheries management, the concentration of increased biomass and egg production is a unique MPA benefit that serves both reserves and fisheries. Scientifically rigorous studies that include multiple reserves, such as this study, are needed to inform management and policy decisions.
Tunneling in a uniform one-dimensional superfluid: Emergence of a complex instanton

In a uniform ring-shaped one-dimensional superfluid, quantum fluctuations that unwind the order parameter need to transfer momentum to quasiparticles (phonons). We present a detailed calculation of the leading exponential factor governing the rate of such phonon-assisted tunneling in a weakly coupled Bose gas at a low temperature $T$. We also estimate the preexponent. We find that for small superfluid velocities the $T$ dependence of the rate is given mainly by $\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}{c}_{s}P∕2T)$, where $P$ is the momentum transfer and ${c}_{s}$ is the phonon speed. At low $T$, this represents a strong suppression of the rate compared to the nonuniform case. As a part of our calculation, we identify a complex instanton whose analytical continuation to suitable real-time segments is real and describes formation and decay of coherent quasiparticle states with nonzero total momenta.
Key technologies for future motor drives

This paper presents technologies that have strategic importance in future motor drives. The underlying strategic issue for motor drives is maintaining cost while increasing certain dimensions of functionality. The dimensions of functionality which should increase include reliability and added value features such as providing continuous energy optimization, providing sensing of the driven system suitable for application specific diagnostic purposes, and providing continuously optimal thermal utilization of the capability of the drive. This paper addresses each of these issues and discuss the technology status for each case, with a focus on research needed to fully deliver the needed functionality.
At-sea distribution of spectacled eiders : A 120-year-old mystery resolved

The at-sea distribution of the threatened Spectacled Eider (Somateriafischeri) has remained largely undocumented. We identified migration corridors, staging and molting areas, and wintering areas of adult Spectacled Eiders using implanted satellite transmitters in birds from each of the three extant breeding grounds (North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in Alaska and arctic Russia). Based on transmitter locations, we conducted aerial sur- veys to provide visual confirmation of eider flocks and to estimate numbers of birds. We identified two principal molting and staging areas off coastal Alaska (Ledyard Bay and east- ern Norton Sound) and two off coastal Russia (Mechigmenskiy Bay on the eastern Chukotka Peninsula, and the area between the Indigirka and Kolyma deltas in the Republic of Sakha). We estimated that >10,000 birds molt and stage in monospecific flocks at Mechigmenskiy and Ledyard bays, and several thousand molt and stage in eastern Norton Sound. We further identified eastern Norton Sound as the principal molting and staging area for females nest- ing on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and Ledyard Bay and Mechigmenskiy Bay as the prin- cipal molting and staging areas for females nesting on the North Slope. Males marked at all three breeding grounds molt and stage in Mechigmenskiy Bay, Ledyard Bay, and the Indi- girka-Kolyma delta region. Males from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta molt and stage mainly at Mechigmenskiy Bay. Equal numbers of males from the North Slope molt and stage at all three areas, and most males from arctic Russia molt and stage at the Indigirka-Kolyma delta region. Postbreeding migration corridors were offshore in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. In winter, eiders were in the Bering Sea south of St. Lawrence Island. Our estimates from surveys in late winter and early spring suggest that at least 333,000 birds winter in
Relaxing Heteroscedasticity Assumptions in Area-Yield Crop Insurance Rating

This article focuses on the effect of differing heteroscedasticity assumptions on derived premium rates of area-yield crop insurance. Tests of the proportional and absolute heteroscedasticity assumptions are conducted using both in-sample and out-of-sample measures. Our results suggest that arbitrarily imposing a specific form of heteroscedasticity or homoscedasticity in insurance rate calculations limits actuarial soundness. Our results have practical implications for the federal crop insurance programs, as we reject the traditional rating assumptions for many cotton regions and lower-yielding/higher-risk corn and soybean counties but not in the heart of the Cornbelt. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
GWAS Analyzer

Motivation: Genome-wide association studies are beginning to elucidate how our genetic differences contribute to susceptibility and severity of disease. While computational tools have previously been developed to support various aspects of genome-wide association studies, there is currently a need for informatics solutions that facilitate the integration of data from multiple sources. Results: Here we present GWAS Analyzer, a database driven web-based tool that integrates genotype and phenotype data, association analysis results and genomic annotations from multiple public resources. GWAS Analyzer contains features for browsing these interrelated data, exploring phenotypic values by family or genotype, and filtering association results based on multiple criteria. The utility of the tool has been demonstrated by a genome-wide association study of human in vitro susceptibility to bacterial infection. GWAS Analyzer facilitated management of large sets of phenotype and genotype data, analysis of phenotypic variation and heritability, and most importantly, generation of a refined set of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The tool revealed a SNP that was experimentally validated to be associated with increased cell death among Salmonella infected HapMap cell lines. Availability: http://www.nwrce.org/gwas-analyzer Contact: mbrittna@u.washington.edu Supplementary Information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of small mammal burrows on water infiltration in a cool desert environment

The hypothesis that small mammal burrows can increase the amount of water infiltrating into the soil profile was tested. The amount of water added to the soil profile from spring recharge in areas adjacent to ground squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii and S. elegans) burrows was compared to nearby areas without burrows. Recharge amounts in burrow areas were significantly higher than nonburrow areas. An average of 21% more of the winter precipitation infiltrated into the soil near burrows. The amount of recharge was also found to be positively related to burrow density. Burrows also affected the distribution of the recharge by adding significantly more water to the deeper portions (>50 cm) of the soil profile.
Calculating the Jet Quenching Parameter

Models of medium-induced radiative parton energy loss account for the strong suppression of high-p{sub T} hadron spectra in {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV Au-Au collisions at BNL RHIC in terms of a single 'jet quenching parameter' q-circumflex. We observe that q-circumflex can be given a model-independent, nonperturbative, quantum field theoretic definition in terms of the short-distance behavior of a particular lightlike Wilson loop. We then use the anti-de Sitter/conformal-field-theory correspondence to obtain a strong-coupling calculation of q-circumflex in hot N=4 supersymmetric QCD, finding q-circumflex{sub SYM}=26.69{radical}({alpha}{sub SYM}N{sub c})T{sup 3} in the limit in which both N{sub c} and 4{pi}{alpha}{sub SYM}N{sub c} are large. Thus, at strong coupling q-circumflex is not proportional to the entropy density s, or to some ''number density of scatterers'' since, unlike the number of degrees of freedom, q-circumflex does not grow like N{sub c}{sup 2}.
Determinants of Income Inequality in U.S. Nonmetropolitan Tourism- and Recreation-Dependent Communities

This study examines the determinants of income inequality in nonmetropolitan tourism- and recreation-dependent, manufacturing-dependent, and farming-dependent communities. Earnings in tourism and recreation industry, race, and region show a positive relationship with income inequality. Median household income and manufacturing employment are negatively related to income inequality. Tourism- and recreation-related variables (tourism and recreation employment, and tourism and recreation earnings) are identified as factors that contribute to income inequality. Race dualism and tourism- and recreation-dependent communities also contribute to increases in income inequality. Results of this study show that income inequality in selected U.S. nonmetropolitan communities increased during 1990 and 2000. The need for additional research on income inequality associated with tourism and recreation development is discussed. Characteristics of the labor market in the tourism and recreation industry and economic structur...
Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Neuromuscular Transmission in Canine Proximal Colon

The evidence is very strong that NO serves as a neurotransmitter in some autonomic neurons. In the canine proximal colon, NOS is localized in fibers and varicosities of inhibitory motor neurons that course through the muscle layers. Excitation of inhibitory neurons enhances Ca2+ entry into varicosities and activates NOS. In the GI tract enteric inhibitory neurons not only possess the ability to synthesize NO, they may also recycle the by-product, citrulline, back to arginine, thus sustaining inhibitory neurotransmission. NO appears to diffuse freely from nerve terminals and into nearby postjunctional cells. Interstitial cells appear to be innervated by nerves that release NO, and postjunctional effects in these cells include production of cGMP and synthesis of additional NO. In smooth muscle cells NO signals are transduced by guanylate cyclase, the production of cGMP, and activation of protein kinase G, but direct stimulation by NO of some cellular effectors, such as K+ channels also appears to play a role. Responses of smooth muscle cells include activation of K+ channels, inhibition of Ca2+ channels, and a reduction in the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+. All of these factors may contribute to the reduction in mechanical activity produced by stimulation of enteric inhibitory neurons. NO-dependent neurotransmission is critical for many of the physiological processes of the GI tract, such as relaxation of sphincters, gastric accommodation, and receptive relaxation during feeding, and the descending inhibition arc of the peristaltic reflex.
Characterization of the PduS Cobalamin Reductase of Salmonella enterica and Its Role in the Pdu Microcompartment

Salmonella enterica degrades 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) in a coenzyme B12 (adenosylcobalamin, AdoCbl)-dependent fashion. Salmonella obtains AdoCbl by assimilation of complex precursors, such as vitamin B12 and hydroxocobalamin. Assimilation of these compounds requires reduction of their central cobalt atom from Co3+ to Co2+ to Co+, followed by adenosylation to AdoCbl. In this work, the His6-tagged PduS cobalamin reductase from S. enterica was produced at high levels in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The anaerobically purified enzyme reduced cob(III)alamin to cob(II)alamin at a rate of 42.3 ± 3.2 μmol min−1 mg−1, and it reduced cob(II)alamin to cob(I)alamin at a rate of 54.5 ± 4.2 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein. The apparent Km values of PduS-His6 were 10.1 ± 0.7 μM for NADH and 67.5 ± 8.2 μM for hydroxocobalamin in cob(III)alamin reduction. The apparent Km values for cob(II)alamin reduction were 27.5 ± 2.4 μM with NADH as the substrate and 72.4 ± 9.5 μM with cob(II)alamin as the substrate. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) indicated that each monomer of PduS contained one molecule of noncovalently bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Genetic studies showed that a pduS deletion decreased the growth rate of Salmonella on 1,2-PD, supporting a role in cobalamin reduction in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that the PduS protein is a component of the Pdu microcompartments (MCPs) used for 1,2-PD degradation and that it interacts with the PduO adenosyltransferase, which catalyzes the terminal step of AdoCbl synthesis. These studies further characterize PduS, an unusual MCP-associated cobalamin reductase, and, in conjunction with prior results, indicate that the Pdu MCP encapsulates a complete cobalamin assimilation system.
Modeling Worm Propagation through Hidden Wireless Connections

The security issue regarding to worm propagation that exploits geographic proximity of wireless enabled devices has raised attentions in recent years. Early work has modeled worm propagation through directly infecting neighboring nodes, e.g., wireless routers and Bluetooth networks. However, there remains new potential wireless connection topology that can assist the spread of worm in a covert way and threat the cyberspace. In this paper, we study a potential worm epidemic pathway that lies in the densely overlapped wireless metropolitan networks and covers large geographic areas. Specifically, the overlapped footprints of neighboring access points can create hidden connections for worms to propagate across the entire wireless network. We present a novel analytical model to analyze the spread speed of this type of worm. The constraints of the nodes within the overlapped footprints, the boundaries set aside by the access point associations, network topology, and density of both access points and users are considered in the model. We also present methods to obtain estimations about propagation delays in an access point coverage and to generate numerical results based on the model. In evaluation, real maps of access points are used to simulate worm propagation and validate the model. The results call for research on detection and defense solutions against worm propagation in wireless networks.
Mercedes Benz Dealership

A brief problem involving conflict of interest in a developing country is described in this case.
Elucidating cytokinin response mechanisms using mutants

Cytokinins (CKs) have powerful effects on many elements of plant development, but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CK action. This review describes recent progress in identification and characterization of mutants of flowering plants that may permit elucidation of CK response mechanisms. Several Nicotiana plumbaginifolia mutants that are resistant to high levels of exogenous CK have been isolated. Characterization of these mutants has led to information about relationships between CKs and other hormones, and CKs and nutrient metabolism. Two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that are specifically resistant to CKs in a root elongation assay, cyr1 and stp1, have been described, and may represent lesions in the CK signal transduction pathway. A mutant that produces elevated levels of CKs, amp1, has provided surprising information about the role of CKs in cotyledon formation. A set of tagged mutations that result in CK independent growth in culture has been identified, and the affected gene, CKI1, cloned. The possibility that this gene encodes a CK receptor is discussed. Continued molecular/genetic analysis of CK responses is predicted to result in rapid progress in the next few years in understanding how CKs act.
Application of Additive Manufacturing to Rapidly Produce High-Resolution Total Pressure Distortion Screens

Detailed, accurate knowledge of interactions between embedded engines and inlet/ airframe-generated nonuniform flow profiles is essential for the successful design of robust integrated engine systems. In the absence of direct-connect experimentation, flow distortion patterns must be simulated by generating the nonuniformities with flow conditioning devices. Traditionally, wire screens installed on a supporting grid have been used to induce regions of steady total pressure distortions, utilizing sections of constant-porosity wire meshes assembled to form a complete screen. The design of wire screens that accurately reproduce steady total pressure distortions representing inlet-engine interactions is challenging because modern fluids and structures modeling approaches cannot be efficiently applied, resulting in numerous construction and testing iterations. Additive manufacturing methods (“rapid prototyping”) can be used to quickly and accurately produce distortion screens for testing of integrated inlet-engine systems. Rapid prototyping methods enable the production of unique screen geometries that are otherwise very difficult, impractical, or even impossible. A screen design method compatible with additive manufacturing methods that utilizes a hexagonal-element flow control grid composed of airfoil cross-sections is presented. Advantages of this new design and screen production method include improved aerodynamic and flow control features, a more durable structure, and greater design flexibility resulting in a more accurate reproduction of the desired distortion profile. Results of the design and fabrication of a prototype screen are presented.
Stochastic Event Detection in Needle-Tissue Interaction

Over the last decade, many dynamic models that express needle-force relationships under tissues of varying mechanical properties have been developed. While great progress has been made in the development of these high-fidelity models, they are only valid within certain boundary conditions limiting their match with reality. This gap in realism is aggravated by variability in human tissues, needles, and the modes of interaction with the tissue. In an effort to develop more realistic models, the current paper was developed to create and test an event (i.e. changes of variability) detection method based on the probability distribution of residues — difference between force models and measurements. To obtain force measurements, we repeated robotic-driven needle insertion into a simulated mannequin. Needle types and tissue thickness were varied in the measurements in order to add realistic variability. To obtain the force model, the measurement data was used as an input to a Grey-Box model. From the measurements and models, we estimated the probability distribution of residues. For validation, a Gaussian-Mixture Model (GMM) was used to confirm the stochastic model successfully distinguishes the residual distributions under different variability. We found that by examining the residual distributions it is possible to detect unexpected variability in needle-tissue interactions. The findings from this paper have implications for developing real-time event detection methods and simulating patient-variability in haptic applications.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
L.D. Britt, MD, MPH

The Henry Ford Chair in Surgery was established in 1981 as Eastern Virginia Medical School's first endowed faculty position. The endowment was established by the Ford Motor Company to support the Eastern Virginia Medical School. Ford Motor Company has a production plant in Norfolk that built the company's first Model T, and today the plant builds the popular F-150 trucks. The company has been very supportive of the growth and development of the community. L.D. Britt, MD, MPH was the second faculty member to be appointed to this endowed faculty position. He was appointed in 1993 and continues to hold the title. Edward J. Brickhouse Chair in Surgery was established in 1992 with a gift from the estate of one of the Eastern Virginia Medical School founding contributors. Mr. Brickhouse was a local businessman who was very supportive of the idea of establishing a medical school in Norfolk. He left a large portion of his estate to Eastern Virginia Medical School to establish this endowment.
Noninvasive assessment of the ocular circulation: color Doppler imaging.

Background: Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) has become instrumental in the noninvasive study of vascular disorders. CDI provides information about presence and direction of blood flow, flow velocity and flow disturbances in real-time with anatomical localization. Methods: The medical and ophthalmic literature was reviewed to gather information about color Doppler technology and its application in ocular disease. Results: Resolution limits of conventional ultrasound have previously prevented reliable noninvasive imaging of small vessels in the eye. CDI now permits the reliable identification of small blood vessels and measurements of blood flow within the eye. Conclusions: Color Doppler technology remains prohibitively expensive and therefore is not widely available. How this technology can be used for ophthalmic application is still a relatively new area of research and more studies are needed to determine the reliability and limitations of CDI when it is used to image the eye and how it compares to other imaging techniques that are currently in use
Additional Financial Status Measures to Consider: Commentary on Sinclair and Cheung (2016).

Keywords: economic stress/layoffs/job insecurity; measurement; financial stress; income; wealth; retirement
A study of sperm acrosin in patients with unexplained infertility

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the fluorometric enzyme method (FEM) were used to study sperm acrosin levels of semen obtained from 13 men of known fertility (group I), 14 male partners of unexplained infertile couples (group II), 4 men among unexplained infertile couples who fathered a child during evaluation and follow-up (group III), and 13 Oligospermic males (group IV). Using analysis of variance with the Student–Neuman Keuls post hoc comparisons, we found statistically significant differences between acrosin levels of groups I and II, groups I and IV, groups II and III, and groups III and IV ( P P r = 0.7; P
Characteristics of psychotic inpatients with high or low HVA levels at admission.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical profiles of psychotic patients whose fasting levels of plasma free homovanillic acid (HVA) were elevated on the day after admission to the hospital. Method These 85 subjects with nonorganic psychoses had been previously studied with respect to their response to neuroleptic treatment. They were divided into two groups on the basis of a median split of their pretreatment plasma HVA levels, and the two groups were compared on a number of clinical and demographic variables ascertained during their hospital stay. Fasting levels of plasma free HVA and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The high-HVA group tended to show a better prognostic profile than the low-HVA group; however, the only significant difference between groups was in the greater use of psychotogenic drugs by low-HVA males. Fourteen additional psychotic patients with distinctly elevated HVA levels and normal MHPG values were also diagnostically heterogeneous. Conclusions The results suggest that psychotic patients with different diagnoses who have relatively high levels of plasma free HVA before treatment will show a favorable early response to neuroleptic drugs. There may be neurobiological processes linking some patients across the clinical spectrum of the psychotic disorders.
FIVE WAYS TO COMBINE TANGIBLES WITH INTANGIBLES

This paper presents five different ways to establish weights for the criteria that govern making comparisons.Â Four of these can be done in the context of the AHP, but the fifth and most reliable one is obtained by using the ANP.
iNKT cells need UTX-tra demethylation

The epigenetic regulation of gene expression by the histone demethylase UTX is central to the development of invariant natural killer cells.
Early Detection of Fake News on Social Media Through Propagation Path Classification with Recurrent and Convolutional Networks

In the midst of today's pervasive influence of social media, automatically detecting fake news is drawing significant attention from both the academic communities and the general public. Existing detection approaches rely on machine learning algorithms with a variety of news characteristics to detect fake news. However, such approaches have a major limitation on detecting fake news early, i.e., the information required for detecting fake news is often unavailable or inadequate at the early stage of news propagation. As a result, the accuracy of early detection of fake news is low. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose a novel model for early detection of fake news on social media through classifying news propagation paths. We first model the propagation path of each news story as a multivariate time series in which each tuple is a numerical vector representing characteristics of a user who engaged in spreading the news. Then, we build a time series classifier that incorporates both recurrent and convolutional networks which capture the global and local variations of user characteristics along the propagation path respectively, to detect fake news. Experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model can detect fake news with accuracy 85% and 92% on Twitter and Sina Weibo respectively in 5 minutes after it starts to spread, which is significantly faster than state-of-the-art baselines.
Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification

Visits for pediatric minor blunt head trauma continue to increase. Variability exists in clinician evaluation and management of this generally low-risk population. Clinical decision rules identify very low-risk children who can forgo neuroimaging. Observation before imaging decreases neuroimaging rates. Outcome data can be used to risk stratify children into more discrete categories. Decision aids improves knowledge and accuracy of risk perception and facilitates identification of caregiver preferences, allowing for shared decision making. For children in whom imaging is performed and is normal or shows isolated linear skull fractures, deterioration and neurosurgical intervention are rare and hospital admission can be avoided.
A highly adaptive microbiome-based association test for survival traits

There has been increasing interest in discovering microbial taxa that are associated with human health or disease, gathering momentum through the advances in next-generation sequencing technologies. Investigators have also increasingly employed prospective study designs to survey survival (i.e., time-to-event) outcomes, but current item-by-item statistical methods have limitations due to the unknown true association pattern. Here, we propose a new adaptive microbiome-based association test for survival outcomes, namely, optimal microbiome-based survival analysis (OMiSA). OMiSA approximates to the most powerful association test in two domains: 1) microbiome-based survival analysis using linear and non-linear bases of OTUs (MiSALN) which weighs rare, mid-abundant, and abundant OTUs, respectively, and 2) microbiome regression-based kernel association test for survival traits (MiRKAT-S) which incorporates different distance metrics (e.g., unique fraction (UniFrac) distance and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), respectively. We illustrate that OMiSA powerfully discovers microbial taxa whether their underlying associated lineages are rare or abundant and phylogenetically related or not. OMiSA is a semi-parametric method based on a variance-component score test and a re-sampling method; hence, it is free from any distributional assumption on the effect of microbial composition and advantageous to robustly control type I error rates. Our extensive simulations demonstrate the highly robust performance of OMiSA. We also present the use of OMiSA with real data applications. OMiSA is attractive in practice as the true association pattern is unpredictable in advance and, for survival outcomes, no adaptive microbiome-based association test is currently available.
Order-of-Magnitude Popularity Estimation of Pirated Content

Understanding the spread of information in complex networks is a key problem. Content sharing in popular online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter has been well studied, however, the future trajectory of a cascade has been shown to be inherently unpredictable. Nonetheless, cascade virality has recently been studied as a classification problem, resulting in good prediction accuracy. Herein, we address the important problem of pirated media popularity estimation in torrent applications, such as Project Free TV, Popcorn-Time, and The Pirate Bay. Although pirating software and media is illegal, the practice of pirating is actually growing in popularity. On a large sample of data acquired from The Pirate Bay, we demonstrate high accuracy in the task of identifying whether the popularity of a torrent will continue to grow in the future. Specifically, we achieve close to perfect accuracy in estimating the order-of-magnitude popularity of torrents.
The Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) in Kindergarten: An Evaluation of the Stability of the MQI Using Generalizability Theory

Research Findings: We evaluated the score stability of the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI), an observational measure of mathematics instruction. Three raters each scored, independently, 1...
An Estimate Sequence for Geodesically Convex Optimization

In this paper, we propose a Riemannian version of Nesterov's Accelerated Gradient algorithm (R-AGD), and show that for geodesically smooth and strongly convex problems, within a neighborhood whose radius depends on the condition number as well as the sectional curvature of the manifold, R-AGD converges to the minimum with acceleration. Unlike the algorithm in (Liu et al., 2017) which requires the exact solution to a nonlinear equation which in turn may be intractable, our algorithm is constructive and efficiently implementable. Our proof exploits a new estimate sequence and a novel bound on the nonlinear metric distortion, both ideas may be of independent interest.
Myocardin: A Novel Potentiator of SRF-Mediated Transcription in Cardiac Muscle

In the June 29, 2001, issue of Cell, Wang et al. report the discovery of myocardin, a cardiac and smooth muscle-specific accessory factor for SRF. This work provides insight into the mechanism of cardiac-specific transcription and suggests the importance of myocardin in early cardiac development.
Magnesium Supplement and the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 Microdeletion (Burnside–Butler) Syndrome: A Potential Treatment?

The 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion (Burnside–Butler) syndrome is an emerging disorder that encompasses four genes (NIPA1, NIPA2, CYFIP1, and TUBGCP5). When disturbed, these four genes can lead to cognitive impairment, language and/or motor delay, psychiatric/behavioral problems (attention-deficit hyperactivity, autism, dyslexia, schizophrenia/paranoid psychosis), ataxia, seizures, poor coordination, congenital anomalies, and abnormal brain imaging. This microdeletion was reported as the most common cytogenetic finding when using ultra-high- resolution chromosomal microarrays in patients presenting for genetic services due to autism with or without additional clinical features. Additionally, those individuals with Prader–Willi or Angelman syndromes having the larger typical 15q11–q13 type I deletion which includes the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 region containing the four genes, show higher clinical severity than those having the smaller 15q11–q13 deletion where these four genes are intact. Two of the four genes (i.e., NIPA1 and NIPA2) are expressed in the brain and encode magnesium transporters. Magnesium is required in over 300 enzyme systems that are critical for multiple cellular functions, energy expenditure, protein synthesis, DNA transcription, and muscle and nerve function. Low levels of magnesium are found in those with seizures, depression, and acute or chronic brain diseases. Anecdotally, parents have administered magnesium supplements to their children with the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion and have observed improvement in behavior and clinical presentation. These observations require more attention from the medical community and should include controlled studies to determine if magnesium supplements could be a treatment option for this microdeletion syndrome and also for a subset of individuals with Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes.