cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Map Seeking Circuits: a Novel Method of Detecting Auditory Events using Iterative Template Mapping

This paper reports on a new algorithm to detect the presence of a known acoustic signal in an unknown source. The algorithm, Map Seeking Circuits, has been successfully used in the visual domain. The algorithm seeks to find an appropriate transform that will match a stored template to an unknown signal. The algorithm uses superposition to significantly reduce the computational complexity of searching for a given feature in a signal. This results in a linear computational increase rather than an exponential increase as the complexity of the signal increases. The algorithm was tested with a corpus of six instruments. Results varied from 66% for the piano to 94% for the horn.
Trauma nacional, amnesia personal en El espíritu de mis padres sigue subiendo en la lluvia, de Patricio Pron

Uno de los impulsos de la literatura latinoamericana del siglo XXI es dar cuenta del legado de las dictaduras militares del ultimo cuarto del siglo pasado. El terrorismo de estado dejo en las generaciones jovenes secuelas que se manifestaron solo anos mas tarde. En su novela El espiritu de mis padres sigue subiendo en la lluvia, Patricio Pron expone diversas correspondencias entre el trauma nacional causado por el terror de la ultima dictadura argentina (1976-1983) y el trauma psiquico del protagonista, que alcanza su mayor expresion en la forma de amnesia autoinducida por drogas psicotropicas. Al reencontrarse con su pais natal despues de ocho anos de destierro voluntario, el protagonista comienza a comprender la fuerza de conexiones intergeneracionales y entre nacion, familia e individuo, asi como el paralelismo entre el trastorno nacional que significo la dictadura, la patologia social que observa en el pais, y el padecimiento psiquico que sufre.
An Incident at the Statler Hotel: A Black Pittsburgh Teamster Demands Fair Treatment During the Second World War

On September 23, 1944, Theodore Johnson, a black Teamster leader from Local 609 in Pittsburgh, was denied entrance to the ballroom at the Statler Hotel in Washington, D.C.1 His fellow Teamster officers had gathered there for a formal dinner and then a speech by President Franklin Roosevelt. Johnson responded by demanding an explanation from his union. He rebuked them for allowing such racial discrimination to be directed against a fellow union officer and for allowing it to occur at a time when blacks and whites were fighting together against a fascist enemy. When the national Teamsters Union's response to his complaint proved evasive, a local Pittsburgh civil rights group, which was formed earlier in the war, offered Johnson assistance. The Teamsters Union and its white leadership eventually provided Johnson with an explanation of the incident and promised immediate satisfaction should similar acts occur in the future.
All together now? Exploring sales and marketing integration

Purpose – Building on prior research in interactions between sales and marketing departments, the purpose of this paper is to investigate departmental alignment among professional hockey teams. By using a single industry sample, the authors are able to identify high and low performers, along with structural antecedents that lead to higher alignment (Rouse and Daellenbach, 1999). Expiring inventory, customer knowledge, and volatile demand enhance the need for alignment and suggest opportunities for innovative mechanisms to share information among departments (Mullin et al., 2007). Design/methodology/approach – Through the usage of Kotler et al.’s (2006) survey instrument, the authors survey NHL Vice Presidents of sales and marketing to assess levels of structural alignment. The authors further explores strategies for alignment through qualitative interviews of select team executives. Findings – The authors find examples of high alignment, achieved through structural elements of proximity, cross-functional ...
Hydrogen Bonding Behavior of Amide-Functionalized α-Diimine Palladium Complexes

A class of (N,N′-diaryl-α-diimine)Pd complexes bearing amide substituents on the N-aryl rings is described. Hydrogen bonding interactions involving the amide groups influence the structures, isomer distributions, and ligand coordination behavior of these compounds. The amide-functionalized α-diimine ligands (2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2-C(═O)NMe2-6-iPr-Ph) (4a), (2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2,6-(C(═O)NMe2)2-Ph) (4b), and (2-C(═O)NMe2-6-iPr-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2-C(═O)NMe2-6-iPr-Ph) (4c) were prepared by condensation reactions of 2,3-butanedione and the appropriate anilines. The attempted preparation of (2,6-iPr2-Ph)N═CMeCMe═N(2-C(═O)NHMe-6-iPr-Ph) (4d) yielded the corresponding 1,2-dihydroquinazolinone derivative 4d′ formed by nucleophilic attack of the amide nitrogen at the proximal imine carbon. 4a and 4b react with (cod)PdMeCl to yield square planar (α-diimine)PdMeCl complexes 5a,a′ and 5b,b′, respectively, which exist as two isomers that differ in the orientation (trans/cis) of the Pd–Me ligand and the amide-substitu...
Electric field control of the Verwey transition and induced magnetoelectric effect in magnetite

We incorporate single-crystal Fe${}_{3}$O${}_{4}$ thin films into a gated device structure and demonstrate the ability to control the Verwey transition with static electric fields. The Verwey transition temperature (${T}_{V}$) increases for both polarities of the electric field, indicating that the effect is not driven by changes in carrier concentration. The energetics of induced electric polarization and/or strain within the Fe${}_{3}$O${}_{4}$ film provide a possible explanation for this behavior. Electric field control of the Verwey transition leads directly to a large magnetoelectric effect with coefficient of 585 pT m/V.
Electronic Structure of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Interfaces: Cubic SiC/AIN, SiC/BP, C/BN

The linear muffin-tin orbital supercell band-structure method is used to calculate the interface energy of formation, band offsets and local densities of states at the lattice-matched (110) heterojunctions between (cubic SiC)/(cubic A1N), (cubic SiC)/(cubic BP) and (diamond C)/(cubic BN). The lowest energy bonding configuration for SiC/AIN is found to be Si to N and C to Al bonding while for SiC/BP, Si is found to bind to B and C to P. The causes for these preferred bonding configurations are explained in terms of electrostatic effects. The band offsets are found to be of type II for SiC/BP and SiC/BN and of type I for SiC/AIN.
The deeper role of gender conflict in Willa Cather's The professor's house

Increasing feminist attention to Willa Cather's The Professor’s House has resulted in interpretations that view the novels main character, professor Godfrey St. Peter, negatively. An extreme example of this tendency is Doris Grumbach’s portrait of his as a frustrated homosexual misogynist. While gender conflict is an important element of the novel, an exaggerated and distorting emphasis on it trivializes the cost of the professor’s struggle and the significance of his final decision. O romance The Professor's House de Willa Cather despertou a atencao crescente dos interessados na teoria do feminino, suscitando, muitas vezes, interpretacoes negativas a respeito do personagem principal, professor Godfrey St. Peter. O trabalho de Doris Grumbach, que o retrata como um homossexual misogeno frustrado, e exemplo extremo dessa tendencia. Embora o conflito dos generos seja elemento essencial no romance, a distorcao desse conflito banaliza o significado da decisao final tomada pelo professor.
Induction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium into the viable but nonculturable state following chlorination of wastewater.

We examined the effects of chlorine disinfection on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in secondary-treated wastewater to determine whether such treatment might induce these bacteria into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. In this state, cells lose culturability but retain viability and the potential to revert to the metabolically active and infectious state. To examine the effects of chlorination on cells in different physiological states, cells from the logarithmic and stationary phases, or nutrient starved, or grown in natural wastewater, were studied. Isogenic cells with and without plasmids were also examined. Whereas a mixture of free and combined chlorine, as occurs under typical wastewater disinfection, was found to be rapidly lethal to most cells, regardless of their physiological state or plasmid content, c. 10 4 of the original 10 6 cells ml −1 did survive in the VBNC state. While we were not successful in resuscitating these cells to the culturable state, the presence of such nonculturable cells in treated wastewater offers a potential public health hazard.
Evaluation of Occupational Hazards Control in A Construction Project of Paper-based Coated Cu PCB of An Electronic Enterprise

[Objective]To understand the occupational hazards of paper-based coated Cu PCB in an electronic enterprise,to perform analysis and evaluation so as to determine the focus of prevention and control measures. [Methods] The on-site occupational health investigation and test,occupational health examination were used to evaluate the manufacturer. [Results]The location and the overall layout,equipment layout,occupational protection equipment,personal protective articles,occupational health management,health auxiliary set of the electronic circuit board enterprise were in accordance with " Law of the People s' Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease" and other laws and regulations.The production process might generate occupational hazards of dust,toxicant,noise,high temperature,ultraviolet radiation,ionizing radiation,etc.Among which,workplaces with formaldehyde exposure were not in line with health standards,the noise exposure was very harmful. [Conclusion]The occupational hazard control measures of this PCB electronic enterprise is feasible and effective,but some places still need effective protective measures.
The opposite lane: a path to memories?

Sound information travels from auditory cortex to lateral amygdala, but a newly identified pathway runs in the opposite direction. It undergoes plasticity and is required for memory recall during auditory fear conditioning.
Guardians of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: Environmental Organizations and Development

The Amazon region is the focus of intense conflict between conservationists concerned with deforestation and advocates of agro-industrial development. This book focuses on the contributions of environmental organizations to the preservation of Brazilian Amazonia. It reveals how environmental organizations such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, WWF and others have fought fiercely to stop deforestation in the region. It documents how the history of frontier expansion and environmental struggle in the region is linked to Brazil’s position in an evolving capitalist world-economy. It is shown how Brazil’s effort to become a developed country has led successive Brazilian governments to devise development projects for Amazonia. The author analyses how globalization has led to the expansion of international commodity chains in the region, particularly for mineral ores, soybeans and beef. He shows how environmental organizations have politicized these commodity chains as weapons of conservation, through boycotting certain products, while other pro-development groups within Brazil claim that such organizations threaten Brazil's sovereignty over its own resources.
Adaptive visual-search model observers

Realizing the full potential of task-based assessments as a research design tool calls for model observers that can be applied for a variety of clinically realistic tasks. However, existing statistical model observers are task-constrained by the need for extensive prior information. We propose an efficient alternative model that can operate with relatively minimal prior knowledge. For search tasks, our model generates discriminants from feature data containing implicit background information as opposed to available scanning observers that invoke explicit background subtraction. A comparison of the model against human-observer data from a SPECT localization ROC study is presented.
Death after Life: Tales of Nevada. By William A. Douglass

Death after Life: Tales of Nevada . By William A. Douglass. (Reno: Black Rock Institute Press, 2015. ix + 136 pp. Illustrations. $25.00.) In university and Basque cultural circles Bill Douglass is a prominent figure in northern Nevada, even a celebrity, with one foot solidly in the world of academia and the other in the rough-and-tumble world of Nevada’s casino industry. He inherited gaming enterprises from his family, whose long history in Nevada dates back to the Comstock days of the 1860s. Although this combination is unusual, it is one that Douglass nicely navigated as he grew up in Reno. Since the late 1960s, … williamr{at}unr.edu
Guiding Physician Decisions for Initiating Dialysis for AKI: Is Progress on the Horizon?

Timing of RRT initiation for AKI varies widely in clinical practice, particularly when the classic indications—hyperkalemia, fluid overload, and refractory acidosis—are not present. There is no unique parameter to accurately distinguish a patient with AKI who will need RRT support from those who
Quality of Life After Heart Transplantation

Patient outcomes after cardiac transplantation have historically been quantified with measures such as survival, freedom from infection, and rates of rejection. In today’s era of increased survival, quality of life is now seen as an important outcome measure. The World Health Organization defines quality of life as, “an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns”. In the context of cardiac transplantation, quality of life may be interpreted as the patient’s perception of their heart failure, including any therapies, on their ability to live a satisfying life.
Real-Time Analysis of Tenofovir Release Kinetics Using Quantitative Phosphorus ( 31 P) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Abstract The dialysis method is classically used for drug separation before analysis, but does not provide direct and real-time drug quantification and has limitations affecting the dialysis rate. In this study, a phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P-qNMR) method is developed for the real-time quantification of therapeutic molecules in vitro . The release kinetics of model drug, tenofovir (anti-HIV microbicide), was analyzed in vaginal fluid simulant (VFS), seminal fluid simulant (SFS), and human plasma (HP) from chitosan nanofibers (size ∼100-200 nm) using the NMR (direct) method and compared with dialysis/UV-Vis (indirect) method. The assay was linear in VFS/SFS (0.20-5.0 mM), HP (0.30-5.0 mM of drug concentration range) and specific no drug 31 P-qNMR chemical shift [∼15 ppm] interference with formulation/media components. Limit of detection values were 0.075/0.10/0.20 mM, whereas limit of quantification values were 0.20/0.20/0.30 mM in VFS/SFS/HP, respectively. The method was robust, precise (%RSE 31 P-qNMR provides more accurate, real-time, and direct drug quantification for effective in vitro–in vivo correlation.
Examining Students’ Expectations for Laboratory Learning in a Majors’ Introductory Biology Course

Within the last decade, authentic and inquiry-based laboratory experiences have emerged as a viable mechanism for promoting students’ development of scientific reasoning and experimental design skills at both the introductory and advanced levels. Despite this being the case, however, little is known about students’ expectations for learning in such contexts. To address this concern, we first developed and validated a novel instrument known as the Colorado Expectations for Laboratory Learning (CELL) survey. Using a pre-/post-course study design, quantitative and qualitative data were then collected in the laboratory sections of a large enrollment, majors' introductory biology class to identify students’ initial expectations and to examine whether or not these expectations were met at the end of the semester. Preliminary data suggest that >70% of students prefer an inquiry-oriented laboratory course that includes a variety of both formative and summative assessments (e.g., Clickers, research proposals) and that is cotaught by both an undergraduate and graduate teaching assistant. Furthermore, while students initially possessed relatively high expectations in regard to the role of the instructor and overall learning objectives of the laboratory experience itself, post-course analyses indicated that these expectations were not entirely met. Together, these data reaffirm an important role for authentic research opportunities in introductory biology coursework and provide new insight into how such courses might be better structured to promote student learning and success. 1 Crewse: Examining Students’ Expectations for Laboratory Learning in a Majors’ Introductory Biology Course Published by Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC, 2015
Deep 3 : Leveraging three levels of parallelism for efficient Deep Learning

This paper proposes Deep3, an automated platform-aware Deep Learning (DL) framework that brings orders of magnitude performance improvement to DL training and execution. Deep3 is the first to simultaneously leverage three levels of parallelism for performing DL: data, network, and hardware. It uses platform profiling to abstract physical characterizations of the target platform. The core of Deep3 is a new extensible methodology that enables incorporation of platform characteristics into the higher-level data and neural network transformation. We provide accompanying libraries to ensure automated customization and adaptation to different datasets and platforms. Proof-of-concept evaluations demonstrate 10-100 fold physical performance improvement compared to the state-of-the-art DL frameworks, e.g., TensorFlow.
Operational Test and Evaluation of Human Factors Interventions for Airport Security Screeners

As the terrorist threat to civil aviation evolves, future improvements in aviation security must be accomplished by adopting innovative, proactive methods of enhancing screener contributions to overall security system effectiveness. The Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) is a person-centered approach to improve screener selection, training, and performance. Screener selection uses a battery of perceptual tests to identify job candidates with optimal potential to be successful screeners. Computer-based training is multimedia instruction to prepare screeners for all of their job responsibilities, with an emphasis on identifying sophisticated threats. Threat Image Projection provides the capability to insert fictional threat images into the X-ray image displays of actual passenger bags. This is done to increase screener vigilance and measure system detection performance. A 6-month test and evaluation of SPEARS is being conducted in conjunction with 9 major air carriers, involving t...
The Importance of Self-Efficacy in Parental Emergency Preparedness: A Moderated Mediation Model.

ObjectiveDisasters occur without warning and can have devastating consequences. Emergency preparedness can reduce negative effects. It is especially important that parents prepare, as children are particularly vulnerable after disasters. This study tested 2 hypotheses: (1) adults with more children are likely to be better prepared than those with fewer or no children because greater caretaking is linked to greater perceived threat of disaster leading to greater preparedness and (2) the strength of this mediational link varies as a function of parental self-efficacy.MethodsData from an online survey about human-made disasters (terrorism) with a community convenience sample were used to test the hypothesis that perceived threat mediates the relationship between parental status (number of children cared for) and preparedness behaviors, moderated by level of self-efficacy for emergency preparedness.ResultsA bootstrapping analysis with relevant covariates supported the hypothesized mediating effect of threat on the relationship between parental status and preparedness. This relationship was strengthened at higher levels of parental preparedness self-efficacy.ConclusionsThe results of this study are particularly relevant for preparedness interventions. Because threat leads to preparedness, particularly for parents with high self-efficacy, it is important to focus attention on factors that can improve parents’ sense of self-efficacy. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 345–351)
Effect of Dissolved Nitrogen Gas on the Density of Di-2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate: Working Fluid of the NIST Oil Ultrasonic Interferometer Manometer Pressure Standard | NIST

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Low Pressure Manometry Laboratory maintains national pressure standards ranging from 1 mPa to 360 kPa through the operation of four ultraso...
Impact of Wake Dispersion on Axial Compressor Performance

Rotor wake dispersion in a low-speed, one and half stage axial compressor is investigated in detail with a Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The primary focus is to quantify the total pressure recovery due to wake stretching and the total pressure loss from the rotor wake interaction with the stator blade boundary layer. The relative magnitude of the aerodynamic loss due to these two effects is examined at several radial locations. The spacing between the rotor and the stator was varied from 29% to 112% of the rotor axial chord at the mid span to investigate the effects of rotor wake decay before entering the stator passage. The current analysis indicates that the efficiency through the compressor stage is increased about 0.5% when the spacing between the rotor and the stator is decreased from 112% to 29% of the rotor axial chord at mid-span. 22% of the efficiency gain from the narrower axial gap is due to the wake recovery and 63% is due to the stronger unsteady pressure field at the exit of the rotor due to stage interaction. Total pressure loss/recovery across the stator varies significantly in the radial direction for the current compressor, which has a much lower aspect ratio. The total pressure recovery due to wake stretching is larger than the total pressure loss due to the unsteady boundary layer development on the stator blade from 20% to 35% of the span from the hub for 29% spacing and from 35% to 55% of the span for 112% spacing. Above 50% of the span, rotor tip clearance flow affects wake dispersion and the overall wake recovery is less than expected.
The role of stochastic thermal environments in modulating the thermal physiology of an intertidal limpet, Lottia digitalis

Much of our understanding of the thermal physiology of intertidal organisms comes from experiments with animals acclimated under constant conditions and exposed to a single heat stress. In nature, however, the thermal environment is more complex. Aerial exposure and the unpredictable nature of thermal stress during low tides may be critical factors in defining the thermal physiology of intertidal organisms. In the fingered limpet, Lottia digitalis, we investigated whether upper temperature tolerance and thermal sensitivity were influenced by the pattern of fluctuation with which thermal stress was applied. Specifically, we examined whether there was a differential response (measured as cardiac performance) to repeated heat stress of a constant and predictable magnitude compared with heat stress applied in a stochastic and unpredictable nature. We also investigated differences in cellular metabolism and damage following immersion for insights into biochemical mechanisms of tolerance. Upper temperature tolerance increased with aerial exposure, but no significant differences were found between predictable treatments of varying magnitudes (13°C versus 24°C versus 32°C). Significant differences in thermal tolerance were found between unpredictable trials with different heating patterns. There were no significant differences among treatments in basal citrate synthase activity, glycogen content, oxidative stress or antioxidants. Our results suggest that aerial exposure and recent thermal history, paired with relief from high low-tide temperatures, are important factors modulating the capacity of limpets to deal with thermal stress.
Characterizing the two principal rock types comprising the Woodford Shale resource play: Application to shale geomechanics

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive analysis and documentation of a popular outcrop (roadcut) of the Woodford Shale, known as the I-35 outcrop. At the bed scale, based on outcrop weathering...
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SUBFRACTIONS OF HUMAN TRANSFER FACTOR

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biological activity of subfractions of human transfer factor (TF). The purpose of this investigation was to fractionate human TF and compare the biological activity of TF subfractions in vitro and in vivo. Systemic transfer of dential reactivity was confined to one of four major peaks obtained by exclusion chromatography. Isoelectric focusing has been employed to segregate this fraction into 17 distinct subfractions. Nineteen transfer factor preparations were tested on antigen induced lymphocyte transformation and a comparison was made between the transfer factor from sensitized donors, and those from antigen negative donors. In every case the augmentation of antigen responsiveness with transfer factor was related to the responsiveness of the cells to antigen, and not to the sensitivity of the donor of the transfer factor. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the responsiveness of cells to antigen and TF augmentation. It is found that in additional experiments, transfer factor was collected from KLH negative donors and tested on lymphocytes responsive to KLH.
Tumor-specific Causal Inference (TCI): A Bayesian Method for Identifying Causative Genome Alterations within Individual Tumors

Precision medicine for cancer involves identifying and targeting the somatic genome alterations (SGAs) that drive the development of an individual tumor. Much of current efforts at finding driver SGAs have involved identifying the genes that are mutated more frequently than expected among a collection of tumors. When these population-derived driver genes are altered (perhaps in particular ways) in a given tumor, they are posited as driver genes for that tumor. In this technical report, we introduce an alternative approach for identifying causative SGAs, also known as "drivers", by inferring causal relationships between SGAs and molecular phenotypes at the individual tumor level. Our tumor-specific causal inference (TCI) algorithm uses a Bayesian method to identify the SGAs in a given tumor that have a high probability of regulating transcriptomic changes observed in that specific tumor. Thus, the method is focused on identifying the tumor specific SGAs that are causing expression changes that are specific to the tumor. Those SGAs that have a high probability of regulating transcriptomic changes related to oncogenic processes are then designated to be the putative drivers of the tumor. In this paper, we describe in detail the TCI algorithm and its implementation.
Predicting group-level outcome variables: An empirical comparison of analysis strategies.

This study provides a review of two methods for analyzing multilevel data with group-level outcome variables and compares them in a simulation study. The analytical methods included an unadjusted ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis of group means and a two-step adjustment of the group means suggested by Croon and van Veldhoven (2007). The Type I error control, power, bias, standard errors, and RMSE in parameter estimates were compared across design conditions that included manipulations of number of predictor variables, level of correlation between predictors, level of intraclass correlation, predictor reliability, effect size, and sample size. The results suggested that an OLS analysis of the group means, with White’s heteroscedasticity adjustment, provided more power for tests of group-level predictors, but less power for tests of individual-level predictors. Furthermore, this simple analysis avoided the extreme bias in parameter estimates and inadmissible solutions that were encountered with other strategies. These results were interpreted in terms of recommended analytical methods for applied researchers.
NF-κB RelA renders tumor-associated macrophages resistant to and capable of directly suppressing CD8+ T cells for tumor promotion

Activation of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is assumed to contribute to tumor promotion. However, whether and how NF-κB drives the antitumor macrophages to become pro-tumorigenic have not been determined in any cancer type yet. Similarly, how TAMs repress CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) remains largely unknown, although their importance in regulatory T (Treg) cell regulation and tumor promotion has been well appreciated. Here, using an endogenous lung cancer model we uncover a direct crosstalk between TAMs and CTLs. TAMs suppress CTLs through the T-cell inhibitory molecule B7x (B7-H4/B7S1) in a cell-cell contact manner, whereas CTLs kill TAMs in a tumor antigen-specific manner. Remarkably, TAMs secrete the known T-cell suppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) to activate, but not to repress, CTLs. Notably, one major role of cell-intrinsic NF-κB RelA is to drive TAMs to suppress CTLs for tumor promotion. It induces B7x expression in TAMs directly, and restricts IL-10 expression indirectly by repressing expression of the NF-κB cofactor Bcl3 and subsequent Bcl3/NF-κB1-mediated transcription of IL-10. It also renders TAMs resistant to CTLs by up-regulating anti-apoptotic genes. These studies help understand how immunity is shaped in lung tumorigenesis, and suggest a RelA-targeted immunotherapy for this deadliest cancer.
Interrupting speculation: The thinking of Heidegger and Greek tragedy

Despite his extended readings of parts of the Antigone of Sophocles, Heidegger nowhere explicitly sets about giving us a theory of tragedy or a detailed analysis of the essence of tragedy. The following paper seeks to piece together Heidegger's understanding of tragedy and tragic experience by looking to themes in his thinking – particularly his analyses of early Greek thinking – and connecting them both to his scattered references to tragedy and actual examples from Greek tragedy. What we find is that, for Heidegger, tragedy is an interruption of speculation, a refusal to philosophize, a way of showing how things are that resonates with the goal of Heidegger's own thinking.
Orofacial granulomatosis and erythema multiforme in an adolescent with Crohn's disease

The cutaneous manifestations of Crohn's disease are myriad. A 15-year-old girl presented with recurrent lip swelling and eventual development of diarrhea and targetoid macules on the palms, feet, and back. She was finally diagnosed with Crohn's disease in the setting of a clinical presentation and histopathology consistent with orofacial granulomatosis and erythema multiforme. We review the literature and summarize reported occurrences of these cutaneous diseases in children with Crohn's disease.
Abstract 4501: Mammary adipocytes mediate cytokine production and malignant progression of ER-positive breast cancer through NF-kB activation

Obesity increases the adverse prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes at any age, and is also associated with an increased risk of developing estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers after menopause. However, mechanisms thereof are not fully known. We have identified one mechanism whereby obesity contributes to tumor progression. Cancers contain a subset of self-renewing stem cells that mediate treatment resistance and metastasis. We showed prolonged co-culture of in vitro differentiated adipocytes together with breast cancer lines or cultured primary dissociated human breast cancer cells increases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8, CCL2, CCL5 and IP10. Prolonged exposure to these fat cells or to each cytokine increased the proportion of both ER+ and ER- breast cancer cells that form mammospheres and express ALDH1 activity in vitro and that can initiate primary tumors and metastasis in vivo. Differentiated adipocyte or cytokine exposures activate Src, and Src family kinase activity induced Sox2, cMyc and Nanog upregulation and miR302b induction. miR302b upregulation is Sox2-dependent, promotes cytokine-driven sphere formation, and in turn, stimulates cMYC and SOX2 expression. Finally Src was not only activated by differentiated adipocyte or cytokine exposures, it was also required to sustain cytokine induction, since Src inhibitors decreased cytokine production after co-culture. Thus, cancer cell invasion into local fat would establish feed-forward loops to activate Src, maintain pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increase tumor initiating cell abundance, tumor growth and metastasis. It is well known that obesity mediates a chronic inflammatory state through NF-κB pathway driven pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Our ongoing work investigates the role of NF-kB pathway in the inflammatory tumor promoting effects of obesity. We have observed that cytokine induction in breast cancer cell exposed to isolated mammary breast adipocytes is estrogen:ER dependent, since this effect in ER+ breast cancer cell is much greater than that in ER- cancer cells; and since the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, reduced co-culture induced cytokine induction. We found NF-kB inhibitors prevent co-culture mediated cytokine induction, and that adipocyte co-culture increased RelA (p65) levels and its nuclear localization. Following invasion into local obese fat, high aromatase levels would increase local estrogen to drive cytokine induction upon mature adipocyte:cancer contact, and increase ER+ cancer stem cells and metastasis. Citation Format: Manuel Picon Ruiz, Cynthia Morata Tarifa, Rehana Qureshi, Hyunho Yoon, Miyoung Shin, Hetakshi Kurani, Joyce M. Slingerland. Mammary adipocytes mediate cytokine production and malignant progression of ER-positive breast cancer through NF-kB activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4501.
Hypertension in HIV-Infected Adults: Novel Pathophysiologic Mechanisms.

Globally, 37 million people are living with the HIV virus.1 Since the year 2000, the number of individuals with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased from 700,000 to over 16 million.1,2 Wide-spread ART use has halved the HIV-related mortality rate, from an estimated 2 million deaths in 2005 to 1 million in 2016.1,2 During the same time period though, cardiovascular disease mortality rates more than doubled in people living with HIV (PLWH).3 Hypertension, the leading risk factor for mortality worldwide, is a growing problem in HIV-infected adults.4–11 HIV-infected adults on ART have a higher prevalence of hypertension when compared with HIV-uninfected individuals.4–6,12–15 A recent meta-analysis of data from around the globe demonstrated that 35% of all HIV-infected adults on ART have hypertension, compared to an estimated 30% of HIV-uninfected adults.6 Among ART-experienced individuals older than 50 years, more than 50% have hypertension.6 In addition, HIV-infected adults with hypertension have a higher risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality than HIV-uninfected adults with hypertension or HIV-infected adults with normal blood pressure.8,13,16–18 A prospective cohort study of over 80,000 HIV-infected and uninfected American veterans followed over a median six-year period, for example, found that HIV-infected adults with hypertension had a 2-fold higher risk of incident acute myocardial infarction as compared with HIV-uninfected adults with hypertension.17 Although the epidemiologic problem of hypertension in HIV-infected adults is well defined,6,7,9 fewer studies have evaluated the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to hypertension in PLWH. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors explain some, but not all, of the increased hypertension risk among HIV-infected adults.14,19,20 A number of virologic- and treatment-related factors have been implicated, among them chronic inflammation, immune reconstitution, and lipodystrophy, all of which uniquely influence common downstream pathways such as the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems.21–25 Therefore, in this review we explore the mechanisms of hypertension in HIV infection. Understanding the mechanisms of hypertension in HIV-infected adults is important for two reasons. First, increased knowledge of the mechanisms of hypertension in HIV-infected adults will be critical to public health efforts to prevent hypertension, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality in HIV-infected adults. Second, the study of HIV-specific pathophysiology of hypertension may reveal important immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension in the general population. Our review is not intended to be a comprehensive analysis of the numerous mechanisms of hypertension. Instead, we have focused on those mechanisms which might be particularly important in HIV-infected adults. An enhanced understanding of these processes may thereby aid in the development of new preventative and therapeutic interventions for hypertension in HIV-infected adults and for the general population.
Quantum Phase Transition in Phosphate Glasses Containing Multiple Transition Metal Oxides

The evidence for a Mott–Hubbard type metal–insulator transition (MIT) is presented in the xP2O5− yV2O5− (100− x − y)WO3 glass system (PVW) at a critical concentration of tungsten (W) ions. Electrons contributed by the reduced vanadium (V) and tungsten (W) ions are self-trapped to form small polarons, and the hopping motion of such charge carriers is the universally accepted transport mechanism. Whereas both the V and W ions are present in multiple oxidation states in these glasses, charges at the V4+ (reduced) sites contribute only to electrical conduction. We demonstrate that, in PVW glasses, electrons at the reduced tungsten sites are too strongly localized to contribute to electrical conduction, but the oxidized state still contributes an available orbital for electrons to tunnel through. This secondary contribution of the tungsten ions greatly facilitates small polaron hopping (SPH) conductivity. With decreasing vanadium concentration [nV= V/(V + W), where V and W are the molar concentrations of V and W ions in this equation], as the inter-atomic distance between V ions increases, the resistivity remains invariant in the composition range 0.5 < nV < 1. However, a sharp increase in resistivity is observed at nV ∼ 0.5, when the tungsten localization radius collapses drastically. Such a transition is similar to the Mott–Hubbard type MIT observed in many crystalline systems. We have demonstrated that MIT in PVW glasses occurs at a critical V–V distance, drastically changing the transfer integral between V sites and forcing conduction to take place through the deeper and energetically disfavored tungsten orbitals.
Dancing with Jim Crow: The Chattanooga Embarrassment of the Methodist Episcopal Church

After the Civil War, northern Methodists undertook a successful mission to recruit a biracial membership in the South. Their Freedmen's Aid Society played a key role in outreach to African Americans, but when the denomination decided to use Society funds in aid of schools for Southern whites, a national controversy erupted over the refusal of Chattanooga University to admit African Americans. Caught between a principled commitment to racial brotherhood and the pressures of expediency to accommodate a growing white supremacist commitment to segregation, Methodists engaged in an agonized and heated debate over whether schools intended for whites should be allowed to exclude blacks. Divisions within the leadership of the Methodist Episcopal Church caught the attention of the national press and revealed the limits of even the most well-intentioned efforts to advance racial equality in the years after Reconstruction.
What interpersonal problems are related to different therapeutic techniques early in treatment

The current study seeks to explore the relationship between patient-reported interpersonal problems and therapist interventions in early psychodynamic psychotherapy for 71 outpatients. Pretreatment ratings on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP-C) total and subscale scores were examined in relation to early treatment process. Independent clinicians reliably rated therapist use of psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) and cognitive-behavioural (CB) interventions using the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS) over two early treatment sessions (third and ninth). Intraclass correlation (ICC) values were in the excellent range for CPPS-PI and CPPS-CB scale scores (CPPS-PI = 0.86; CPPS-CB = 0.78). A significant positive correlation was found between interpersonal problems and global PI therapist technique. A significant positive correlation was also found between interpersonal problems and specific PI interventions, most significantly experience and expression of feelings in session. In specific interpersonal problem subscales, most significant was that Cold/Distant and Socially Inhibited octants positively related to global PI and to specific PI techniques, including exploration of uncomfortable feelings. Multiple regression analyses revealed most significantly that CPPS Intervention 7 (discussion of patient-therapist relationship; positive) and CPPS Intervention 11 (therapist explanation of rationale behind treatment; negative) explained 15.6% of variance in interpersonal problem score. These findings demonstrate that the use of psychodynamic techniques tend to occur alongside patient-reported interpersonal problems early in psychotherapy treatment. Clinical implications are discussed for this area of research, and future directions are explored.
SP0002 HOT: OSTEOPOROSIS @2019

Background: The goal of osteoporosis therapy is to quickly prevent fragility fractures in subjects at risk and on the longer term to restore bone mass (Bone mineral density, BMD) to levels of appropriate bone strength. Currently approved drugs for treatment of osteoporosis in Europe, namely bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide all decrease vertebral fracture risk within one year, whereas the benefits on non-vertebral fractures may take nearly two years to appear. Objectives: To provide an update of recent trials regarding osteoporosis treatment. Methods: Literature review and expert insights into recent analyses of clinical trials. Results: New H2H trials, notably with teriparatide compared to risedronate, have shown the superiority of the anabolic therapy in preventing fractures in high risk patients. In GIOP, denosumab increased BMD more than risedronate. More importantly, romosozumab, a monoclonal Ab against sclerostin, was superior to alendronate to reduce fractures in high risk subjects, whereas the sequence of romosozumab and denosumab was superior to placebo followed by denosumab and increased BMD over just two years equivalent to seven years of continuous denosumab. New analyses of long-term denosumab, up to ten years of continuous therapy, have shown continuous BMD gains and further reduction in fracture rates, with T-scores at hip near -1.5 achieving the lowest fracture risk. However several case reports as well as a post-hoc analysis of subjects discontinuing denosumab in the FREEDOM trial have reported an increased risk of multiple vertebral fractures, which may be prevented by a 1-2 yrs consolidation by a bisphosphonate following denosumab therapy (guidelines). Conclusion: In summary, while new data and more potent drugs are emerging (romosozumab), fueling the concept that anabolics should be used earlier in the course of therapy in high risk patients, additional long-term data with anti-resorptives indicate that continuous treatment, at least as long as treatment targets (T-scores >-2 and no fractures) are not reached, has a favourable benefits/risk profile. Disclosure of interests: None declared
Recruitment in Academic Libraries

Abstract This article reviews the literature from 1990 to 2000 on recruitment, focusing on recruitment history, requirements for entering the profession, patterns of supply and demand, compensation, recruiting minorities, difficult specialties to recruit, recruiting theory, the recruitment process, and handbooks. Although management literature has explored this subject, librarians need to apply this literature more fully to every area of recruitment except for patterns of supply and demand and compensation. Recruitment is crucial to the profession for a number of reasons. Library schools are closing, library educators are retiring early, librarians are drawn into other information and technological fields, members of the profession increasingly do not reflect the demographics of the U.S., and the supply of librarians in some specialties is becoming limited if not extinct.
Predictors of performance on the North Carolina Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination.

Abstract Introduction To evaluate an expanded set of variables and determine their association with Wingate University School of Pharmacy (WUSOP) graduates' scores on the North Carolina (NC) Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination (MPJE). Methods Demographic, pre-admission, pharmacy school, and licensing preparation variables were collected for WUSOP graduates who attempted the NC MPJE for the first time in 2017. Bivariate correlations between student-pharmacist characteristics and the MPJE score were performed. Results Several variables were found to have a statistically significant association with the NC MPJE score, including prerequisite grade point average, pharmacy coursework, Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment performance, and completion of MPJE practice questions. There were no significant associations between NC MPJE scores and demographic characteristics, previous paid pharmacy employment, receipt of undergraduate degree, or Pharmacy College Admission Test scores. Conclusion This exploratory analysis identified characteristics of WUSOP graduates that were associated with performance on the NC MPJE. The results of this study will be communicated with future graduates to enhance their success on the jurisprudence examination.