cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residual toxicity of acaricides to three beneficial species on California citrus.

Impacts of field-weathered residues of nine acaricides (amitraz, avermectin + oil, chlorobenzilate + oil, cyhexatin, dicofol, fenbutatin-oxide, oil, oxythioquinox, and propargite) on survival of selected beneficial arthropods of citrus ( Aphytis melinus DeBach, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, and Euseius stipulatus Athias-Henriot) were evaluated in two field trials. Concurrent with bioassays, foliar residue analyses were performed and were correlated with mortality. With the exception of moderate (causing amitraz > oxythioquinox > cyhexatin > chlorobenzilate + oil > propargite (least persistently toxic).
Cavernous Malformation of the Trigeminal Nerve Manifesting with Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Report

Objective and importance We describe a patient with a cavernous malformation within the trigeminal nerve at the nerve root entry zone who presented with trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical presentation A 52-year-old woman sought treatment after experiencing dizziness and lancinating left facial pain for almost a year. Neurological examination revealed diminished sensation in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the left. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a minimally enhancing lesion affecting the trigeminal nerve. Intervention The patient underwent a retrosigmoid craniotomy. At the nerve root entry zone, the trigeminal nerve was edematous with hemosiderin staining. The lesion, which was resected with microsurgical technique, had the appearance of a cavernous malformation on gross and histological examination. The patient's pain improved significantly after resection. Conclusion Cavernous malformations can afflict the trigeminal nerve and cause trigeminal neuralgia. Microsurgical excision can be performed safely and is associated with improvement in symptoms.
Endocardial catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ventricular assist devices.

Background The outcomes of patients with ventricular assist devices (VADs) who undergo catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) have not been reported. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endocardial VT ablation in patients with VADs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed three cases at our institution where endocardial catheter ablation was performed in patients with VADs and incessant VT. Results Three patients with underlying cardiomyopathies and VADs underwent VT ablation for incessant VT refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic medications. In each case, VT was either eliminated or significantly ameliorated by catheter ablation. No procedure-related complications occurred. The hemodynamic stability afforded by the VAD played an important role in facilitating ablation in two of the cases. Conclusion Catheter ablation for VT in VAD patients appears to be feasible, safe, and effective based on our initial experience. Several technical issues, such as decreases in ventricular volumes that can limit maneuverability of the ablation catheter and potential entrapment of the mapping catheter in the inflow cannula, need to be considered at the time of ablation.
Catalysis by ribonuclease A is limited by the rate of substrate association

The value of kcat/KM for catalysis of RNA cleavage by ribonuclease (RNase) A can exceed 109 M-1 s-1 in a solution of low salt concentration. This value approaches that expected for the diffusional encounter of the enzyme and its substrate. To reveal the physicochemical constraints upon catalysis by RNase A, the effects of salt concentration, pH, solvent isotope, and solvent viscosity on catalysis were determined with synthetic substrates that bind to all of the enzymic subsites and thereby enable a meaningful analysis. The pKa values determined from pH−kcat/KM profiles at 0.010, 0.20, and 1.0 M NaCl are inconsistent with the known macroscopic pKa values of RNase A. This incongruity indicates that catalysis of RNA cleavage by RNase A is limited by the rate of substrate association, even at 1.0 M NaCl. The effect of solvent isotope and solvent viscosity on catalysis support this conclusion. The data are consistent with a mechanism in which RNase A associates with RNA in an intermediate complex, which is sta...
Trends and Development in Standardization Adaptation Research

Abstract Using content analysis method, the study investigated the trends and development in standardization adaptation (S-A) research in international marketing. Findings reveal that empirical studies constitute the majority of the literature and are growing faster than discussion or conceptual papers. In terms of elements of S-A, product and promotion comprise the bulk of the research. Pricing and distribution elements are still neglected. S-A is perceived as a continuum. Researchers tend to be more inclined towards contingency approach over standardization or adaptation. The relationship between various product, company, industry, market and environmental variables and the degree of S-A is well documented in the literature. However, the relationship between the degree of S-A and performance needs more attention. Overall, knowledge development in the area is encouraging.
How harmless is FFA enhancement

Standard heparin as well as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) increase lipid levels in serum. It has been reported that a diet rich in long chain saturated fatty acids can enhance the susceptibility to experimental thrombosis. The mechanism by which serum fatty acids may provoke thrombosis is not clear. It is possible that the fatty acids change the properties of the cell membrane and thereby modify the response of platelets to aggregating agents.
Performance test of an automated moment tensor determination system for the future "Tokai" earthquake

We have investigated how the automated moment tensor determination (AMTD) system using the FREESIA/KIBAN broadband network is likely to behave during a future large earthquake. Because we do not have enough experience with a large (M > 8) nearby earthquake, we computed synthetic waveforms for such an event by assuming the geometrical configuration of the anticipated Tokai earthquake and several fault rupture scenarios. Using this synthetic data set, we examined the behavior of the AMTD system to learn how to prepare for such an event. For our synthetic Tokai event data we assume its focal mechanism, fault dimension, and scalar seismic moment. We also assume a circular rupture propagation with constant rupture velocity and dislocation rise time. Both uniform and heterogeneous slip models are tested. The results show that performance depends on both the hypocentral location (i.e. unilateral vs. bilateral) and the degree of heterogeneity of slip. In the tests that we have performed the rupture directivity appears to be more important than slip heterogeneity. We find that for such large earthquakes it is necessary to use stations at distances greater than 600 km and frequencies between 0.005 to 0.02 Hz to maintain a point-source assumption and to recover the full scalar seismic moment and radiation pattern. In order to confirm the result of the synthetic test, we have analyzed the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki (MJ7.8) and the 1995 Kobe (MJ7.2) earthquakes by using observed broadband waveforms. For the Kobe earthquake we successfully recovered the moment tensor by using the routinely used frequency band (0.01–0.05 Hz displacements). However, we failed to estimate a correct solution for the Hokkaido Nansei-oki earthquake by using the same routine frequency band. In this case, we had to use the frequencies between 0.005 to 0.02 Hz to recover the moment tensor, confirming the validity of the synthetic test result for the Tokai earthquake.
Brief exposure to testosterone is sufficient to induce sex differences in the rabbit masseter muscle.

In order to evaluate whether testosterone is responsible for inducing long-lasting sex differences in myosin heavy chain gene expression in the rabbit masseter muscle, we castrated young adult animals and administered supra-physiologic doses of testosterone for 3 or 6 weeks duration. Biopsies were taken from the masseter muscles of these animals at the time of castration and 3, 6 and 9 weeks later. Both immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform content of these muscle samples were performed. Exposure to testosterone for either duration resulted in a dramatic decrease in the content of the cardiac alpha MyHC isoform and a comparable increase in the content of the IIa MyHC isoform. The decrease in the cardiac alpha MyHC isoform content persisted for as long as 6 weeks after the end of treatment, but the increase in the content of the IIa MyHC isoform declined to normal during this time. Significant numbers of fibers were found containing both the cardiac alpha (and slow) and the IIa isoforms. Several fibers were encountered that contained both IIa and, presumably, the IIx isoform. Thus, a brief exposure to testosterone during postnatal maturation is able to produce a long lasting myosin heavy chain isoform switch that is similar in magnitude to that found during normal development.
The interaction of shocks with dispersive waves II. Incompressible-integrable limit

This is the second in a two-part series of articles in which we analyze a system similar in structure to the well-known Zakharov equations from weak plasma turbulence theory, but with a nonlinear conservation equation allowing finite time shock formation. In this article we analyze the incompressible limit in which the shock speed is large compared to the underlying group velocity of the dispersive wave (a situation typically encountered in applications). After presenting some exact solutions of the full system, a multiscale perturbation method is used to resolve several basic wave interactions. The analysis breaks down into two categories: the nonlinear limit and the linear limit, corresponding to the form of the equations when the group velocity to shock speed ratio, denoted by e, is zero. The former case is an integrable limit in which the model reduces to the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation governing the dispersive wave envelope. We focus on the interaction of a “fast” shock wave and a single hump soliton. In the latter case, the e=0 problem reduces to the linear Schrodinger equation, and the focus is on a fast shock interacting with a dispersive wave whose amplitude is cusped and exponentially decaying. To motivate the time scales and structure of the shock-dispersive wave interactions at lowest orders, we first analyze a simpler system of ordinary differential equations structurally similar to the original system. Then we return to the fully coupled partial differential equations and develop a multiscale asymptotic method to derive the effective leading-order shock equations and the leading-order modulation equations governing the phase and amplitude of the dispersive wave envelope. The leading-order interaction equations admit a fairly complete analysis based on characteristic methods. Conditions are derived in which: (a) the shock passes through the soliton, (b) the shock is completely blocked by the soliton, or (c) the shock reverses direction. In the linear limit, a phenomenon is described in which the dispersive wave induces the formation of a second, transient shock front in the rapidly moving hyperbolic wave. In all cases, we can characterize the long-time dynamics of the shock. The influence of the shock on the dispersive wave is manifested, to leading order, in the generalized frequency of the dispersive wave: the fast-time part of the frequency is the shock wave itself. Hence, the frequency undergoes a sudden jump across the shock layer.In the last section, a sequence of numerical experiments depicting some of the interesting interactions predicted by the analysis is performed on the leading-order shock equations.
Extractive pervaporation to separate ethanol from its dilute aqueous solutions characteristic of ethanol-producing fermentation processes

Abstract The addition of a third component to a binary distillation system in extractive distillation leads to a much better separation between the two principal components via modification of the liquid phase activity coefficients and consequently the vapor–liquid equilibria. A small amount of n-butanol added to the solution containing 5–10 wt% ethanol enhances the separation performance in extractive pervaporation using tri- n -octylamine (TOA) as the liquid membrane with coated porous hollow fibers. The selectivity of ethanol increased considerably to as much as 113 at 54 °C for the feed containing ∼10 wt% ethanol when 2.5 wt% n-butanol was added to the feed compared with the selectivity of ethanol without any n-butanol added, namely, 38. The mass flux of ethanol for ∼10 wt% ethanol in feed obtained was 16.2 g/(m 2 h), which is considerably higher (by 73%) than the flux obtained for the experiment without n-butanol added to the feed; further for 2.5 wt% n-butanol in a feed of ∼10 wt% ethanol, the total concentration of solvents in the permeate exceeded 95%. The added n-butanol increases somewhat the solubility of ethanol in the liquid membrane. The solubility measurements of solvents show that the solubility is decreased with increased temperatures. The fluxes of the solvents were increased by a factor of five by reducing the thickness of the TOA layer in the porous substrate wall of the coated fibers. As a result, ethanol flux and selectivity achieved were around 59.8 g/(m 2 h) and 100 respectively for a mixture containing ∼10 and 2 wt% ethanol and n-butanol respectively at 54 °C. The TOA-based LM present throughout the pores of the coated substrate demonstrated excellent stability over many hours and essentially prevented the loss of liquid membrane to the feed solution.
Effect of an inhaled β-2 adrenergic receptor agonist on arterial partial pressure of oxygen in hypoxemic anesthetized horses.

All too commonly, and despite high inspired oxygen concentration, anesthetized horses develop low arterial oxygen tension, potentially compromising oxygen delivery. Traditional methods of addressing hypoxemia have proven inadequate. This clinical evaluation was designed to test the hypothesis that a specific β-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, albuterol sulfate, when delivered by metered-dose inhaler (MDI) would affect arterial partial pressure of oxygen in hypoxemic anesthetized horses, and demonstrate a safe, effective alternative medical approach to treatment. Client owned animals (n = 22; 16 males, six female) which approached (PaO2 < 90 mm Hg, < 12 kPa and declining) or became hypoxemic (PaO2 < 60 mm Hg, < 8 kPa) under anesthesia were administered albuterol sulfate at 2 µg kg−1 (rounded to the nearest 45 kg) through a MDI connected to a linear aerosolization chamber, after all other treatment modalities were attempted. Blood gases were drawn following MDI therapy (mean 24.6 ± 2.2 minutes). The mean and standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM) were calculated for all data and a t-test for paired samples was calculated to evaluate significance of differences. A p-value less than 0.05 was adopted as significant. The collective increase in PaO2 was 54.9 ± 11.4 mm Hg (7.3 ± 1.5 kPa). This difference was statistically and clinically significant. Evaluation of only those horses with unequivocal hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mm Hg) demonstrated a larger mean increase in PaO2 (61.7 ± 14.9 mm Hg, 8.2 ± 2 kPa) than those horses with merely low PaO2 (< 90 mm Hg, < 12 kPa and declining) (50.2 ± 16.7 mm Hg, 6.7 ± 2.2 kPa). A second evaluation of client owned animals (n = 42; 17 males, eight geldings, 17 females; 8.7 ± 0.9 year; 495.1 ± 16.8 kg; dorsal recumbency, n = 36; right lateral recumbency, n = 3; left lateral recumbency, n = 3) determined to be hypoxemic (PaO2 = 63.9 ± 2.8 mm Hg, 8.5 ± 0.4 kPa) under anesthesia were administered 900 µg of albuterol sulfate by MDI. Arterial pH, PaCO2, HCO3–, and BE did not change significantly with treatment. A statistically significant increase (48.2 ± 7.7 mm Hg, 6.4 ± 1 kPa) in PaO2 from 63.9 ± 2.8 mm Hg (8.5 ± 0.4 kPa) to 112.2 ± 9.1 mm Hg (15 ± 1.2 kPa) was detected. Careful monitoring of heart rate, ECG, blood pressure and electrolytes revealed no deleterious side-effects of the therapy, with the exception of sweating. Albuterol sulfate delivered by MDI inhalation therapy was an effective means of increasing arterial oxygen concentration. A controlled study including measurement of cardiac output will be necessary to define the mechanism and support these clinical findings.
A robust neutralization test for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Malarial merozoites are released from infected erythrocytes, passing rapidly through the plasma to invade normal erythrocytes. It has long been thought that antibodies directed against merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) play an important role in natural immunity against Plasmodium falciparum and that
Blind adaptive channel equalization using the unsupervised cluster formation technique

Introduces a novel approach to decision-directed (DD) blind equalization. This approach is based on a neural network classification technique, and it is shown that the final result is closely related to previously published DD equalization algorithms. The authors briefly review the history of DD blind equalization, provide the derivation of the new algorithm, and present simulation results. In the simulations, the performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by applying it to a 2D digital mobile communication system where DD blind equalization algorithms find applications in equalizing and tracking the time-varying channels. A time-varying multipath fading channel model is used as the transmission medium. The proposed blind equalization algorithm is compared to the commonly used fast recursive least squares decision-feedback equalization algorithm. The comparison illustrates the improvement in performance achievable with the new decision-directed algorithm. >
Nonparametric measurement of productivity and efficiency in education

Nondiscretionary environmental inputs are critical in explaining relative efficiency differences and productivity changes in public sector applications. For example, the literature on education production shows that school districts perform better when student poverty is lower. In this paper, we extend the nonparametric approach to decompose the Malmquist Productivity Index suggested by Fare et al. (American Economic Rewiew 84:66–83, 1994) into efficiency, technological and environmental changes. The approach is applied to analyze educational production of Ohio school districts. Applying the extended approach in an analysis of the educational production of 604 school districts in Ohio, we find changes in environmental harshness are the primary drivers in productivity changes of underperforming school districts, while technical progress drives the performance of top performing school districts.
A novel and robust algorithm to model handwriting skill for haptic applications

A necessary step to building effective writing skill training system requires developing good methods for modeling human skill adequately. A number of groups have represented character information in various languages for writing skill based on trajectory information. These methods are often data intensive, tedious to implement and do not encode force information. To overcome these restrictions a novel present a novel modeling methodology that has good accuracy, robustness, flexibility and encodes force information involved in writing characters. This modeling methodology, based on Global-Local Approximation technique, has the capability to provide temporal force or position information independent of time, decoupling velocity information of the sample data used to capture skilled tasks. This modeling approach can be extended many human skilled tasks such as surgery, art and sports
Dublin Core Metadata Harvested Through OAI-PMH

ABSTRACT The introduction in 2001 of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) increased interest in and awareness of metadata quality issues relevant to digital library interoperability and the use of harvested metadata to build “union catalogs” of digital information resources. Practitioners have offered wide-ranging advice to metadata authors and have suggested metrics useful for measuring the quality of shareable metadata. Is there evidence of changes in metadata practice in response to such advice and/or as a result of an increased awareness of the importance of metadata interoperability? This paper looks at metadata records created over a six-year period that have been harvested by the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, and reports on quantitative and qualitative analyses of changes observed over time in shareable metadata quality.
A state- and time-dependent error occurrence-rate software reliability model with imperfect debugging

In this paper, assuming a state- and time-dependent software failure rate and imperfect debuggings, we develop a simple binomial model for software error occurrences. Maximum likelihood estimates for the required parameters of this model are also derived. It is established that the Jelinski-Moranda, imperfect debugging and non-homogeneous Poisson process models are all special cases of ours.
Racism and Ethnoviolence as Trauma Enhancing Professional and Research Training

In trauma theory, research, and practice, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a syndrome of psychobiological reactions to events perceived as cataclysmic or life threatening, often has been the ...
X IS A JOURNEY: Embodied Simulation in Metaphor Interpretation

This essay compares simulation-based accounts of metaphor processing recently proposed by Gibbs (2006a) and Ritchie (2006), using examples of metaphors based on the metaphor vehicle “journey” from four different texts. From analysis of these different examples, it is concluded that simulation may come into play at different levels, depending on the metaphor and the context in which it is used. Further, it is suggested that the imaginative simulation of the object or action named by a metaphor vehicle, proposed by Gibbs, incorporates a partial subset of detail-level perceptual simulators. This leads to the proposal that the two models describe cognitive processes that operate at different levels or stages in the metaphor interpretation process, and that they might usefully be merged into a single more comprehensive model of embodied metaphor interpretation. The more comprehensive model provides a richer theoretical context for understanding how reuse and modification of a particular metaphor (Cameron, 2007...
A Geographer Looks at Spatial Information Theory

Geographic information is defined as a subset of spatial information, specific to the spatiotemporal frame of the Earth's surface. Thus geographic information theory inherits the results of spatial information theory, but adds results that reflect the specific properties of geographic information. I describe six general properties of geographic information, and show that in some cases specialization has assumed other properties that are less generally observed. A recognition of the distinction between geographic and spatial would allow geographic information theory to achieve greater depth and utility.
Conformational changes in single-strand DNA as a function of temperature by SANS.

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements were performed on a solution of single-strand DNA, 59- ATGCTGATGC-39, in sodium phosphate buffer solution at 10� C temperature increments from 25� Ct o 80� C. Cylindrical, helical, and random coil shape models were fitted to the SANS measurements at each temperature. All the shapes exhibited an expansion in the diameter direction causing a slightly shortened pitch from 25� Ct o 43 � C, an expansion in the pitch direction with a slight decrease in the diameter from 43� Ct o 53� C, and finally a dramatic increase in the pitch and diameter from 53� Ct o 80� C. Differential scanning calorimeter scans of the sequence in solution exhibited a reversible two-state transition profile with a transition tem- perature of 47.5 6 0.5� C, the midpoint of the conformational changes observed in the SANS measurements, and a calorimetric transition enthalpy of 60 6 3 kJ mol � 1 that indicates a broad transition as is observed in the SANS measurements. A transition temperature of 47 6 1� C was also obtained from ultraviolet optical density measurements of strand melting scans of the single- strand DNA. This transition corresponds to unstacking of the bases of the sequence and is responsible for the thermodynamic discrepancy between its binding stability to its complementary sequence determined directly at ambient temperatures and determined from extrapolated values of the melting of the duplex at high temperature.
Hepatic cytoprotection by prostaglandins: Theories unlimited

16,16 Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2), a known cytoprotective agent, was examined for its ability to alter the course of fulminant hepatitis in an experimental model of fulminant viral hepatitis, murine hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV-3). Fully susceptible BALB/cJ mice, infected with 100 50% lethal doses (LD50) of MHV-3 developed histologic and biochemical evidence of fulminant hepatitis, as evidenced by massive hepatic necrosis with hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and a markedly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean, 1,402 ± 619 IU/liter). In contrast, animals treated with dmPGE2 either before or after infection (up to 48 h) demonstrated a marked reduction in both histologic and biochemical evidence of liver damage as characterized by normal blood glucose, total CO2, and ALT determinations (mean ALT, 63 ± 40 IU/liter). Treatment of infected mice with PGF2 demonstrated no cytoprotective effects. High titers of infectious virus were recovered from the livers of both dmPGE2-treated and -untreated animals throughout the course of infection. In a parallel in vitro study, dmPGE2 (10−4–10−8 M) demonstrated a similar cytoprotective effect on monolayers of isolated cultured hepatocytes from fully susceptible BALB/cJ mice infected at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0. In addition, splenic macrophages recovered from infected and untreated BALB/cJ mice demonstrated a marked augmentation in procoagulant activity (PCA) from a basal 10 ± 5 mU/106 splenic macrophages to a maximum of 615 ± 102 mU/106 splenic macrophages, whereas no increase in macrophage PCA was detected in infected animals treated with dmPGE2. These results suggest that dmPGE2, without detectably altering viral replication or infectivity in vivo, confers a marked cytoprotective effect on hepatocytes both in vivo and in vitro, and prevents the induction of macrophage PCA in vivo in fully susceptible BALB/cJ mice after murine hepatitis virus type 3 infection.
Access: news and blog analysis for the social sciences

The social sciences strive to understand the political, social, and cultural world around us, but have been impaired by limited access to the quantitative data sources enjoyed by the hard sciences. Careful analysis of Web document streams holds enormous potential to solve longstanding problems in a variety of social science disciplines through massive data analysis. This paper introduces the TextMap Access system, which provides ready access to a wealth of interesting statistics on millions of people, places, and things across a number of interesting web corpora. Powered by a flexible and scalable distributed statistics computation framework using Hadoop, continually updated corpora include newspapers, blogs, patent records, legal documents, and scientific abstracts; well over a terabyte of raw text and growing daily. The Lydia Textmap Access system, available through http://www.textmap.com/access, provides instant access for students and scholars through a convenient web user-interface. We describe the architecture of the TextMap Access system, and its impact on current research in political science, sociology, and business/marketing.
Testing multiple slippages

A class of invariant Bayes rules is derived for testing homogeneity of k (≥2) different populations against (kt) slippage alternatives that some (unknown) subset of size t of the given populations has parameter larger than the remaining k-t, where t is a given integer between 1 and k-1. For a similar problem in nonparametric situations, locally best tests based on ranks are derived.
Measurement and Modeling of a High-Linearity Modified Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiode

The third-order intermodulation distortions of an InGaAs-InP charge compensated modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (PD) are characterized using a two-tone setup. At 310-MHz modulation frequency, the third-order local intercept point (IP3) reaches 52 dBm and remains above 35 dBm up to 21GHz. Based on experimental results for the dependence of responsivity and PD capacitance on bias voltage and photocurrent, we use a simple equivalent circuit model to simulate the frequency characteristics of the intermodulation distortions.
A Pragmatic Approach to Formalin Safety in Anatomical Pathology

Formaldehyde exposure is a safety concern in anatomical pathology, and it is considered a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) determined a set of regulations for formaldehyde industrial and laboratory use. There are no clinical and epidemiological data on increased morbidity or mortality from cancer among workers in the histology laboratory, where a 10% formalin or 4% formaldehyde water solution is used. Nevertheless, a certain set of monitoring and working practices is required to prevent adverse health effects. Based on the literature and personal experience, this article presents recommendations for handling adverse situations of formalin use in anatomical pathology. There is an emphasis on spills, clean up, and splashes. Regular monitoring of formaldehyde exposure, appropriate engineering controls, and the culture of professional laboratory work can help to employ formalin, the ubiquitous fixative in anatomical pathology, without harmful effects.
Classification, intervention, and outcomes for a person with lumbar rotation with flexion syndrome.

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this case report is to describe the classification, intervention, and outcomes for a patient with lumbar rotation with flexion syndrome. Case Description. The patient was a 22-year-old man with a medical diagnosis of low back strain. Impairments in lumbar flexion and right rotation and lateral bending were identified. Daily activities and positions associated with these actions were associated with increased low back pain (LBP). Instruction focused on modifying lumbar rotation and flexion movements and alignments in daily activities. Exercises to address the direction-specific impairments were prescribed. Outcomes. The patient participated in 4 visits and completed a questionnaire 1 year after intervention. The patient reported a decrease in symptoms, disability, and frequency of recurrences. Discussion. Repetition of specific strategies (alignment and movement) during activities may result in specific impairments that contribute to LBP. Modification of the strategies and exercises to change contributing factors are proposed to help alleviate symptoms, disability, and recurrences.
Hubs in Languages: Scale Free Networks of Synonyms

Natural languages are described in this paper in terms of networks of synonyms: a word is identified with a node, and synonyms are connected by undirected links. Our statistical analysis of the network of synonyms in Polish language showed it is scale-free; similar to what is known for English. The statistical properties of the networks are also similar. Thus, the statistical aspects of the networks are good candidates for culture independent elements of human language. We hypothesize that optimization for robustness and efficiency is responsible for this universality. Despite the statistical similarity, there is no one-to-one mapping between networks of these two languages. Although many hubs in Polish are translated into similarly highly connected hubs in English, there are also hubs specific to one of these languages only: a single word in one language is equivalent to many different and disconnected words in the other, in accordance with the Whorf hypothesis about language relativity. Identifying language-specific hubs is vitally important for automatic translation, and for understanding contextual, culturally related messages that are frequently missed or twisted in a naive, literary translation.
Test of color-defective vision using the visual evoked response*†

This paper describes a new technique for detecting color-defective individuals, based upon the isolation of a pattern response from the visual evoked response. Specifically designed targets were produced from equal-luminance hues that lie on the confusion lines of deuteranopes, protanopes, and tritanopes. Sixteen color normals, eight deuteranopes, eight protanopes, and one tritanope were tested with these targets. The results showed that color normals give a pattern response to patterns formed of hue differences only; this response is similar to that produced by luminance differences. Color-defective individuals, on the other hand, give no pattern response to targets formed of hues that they cannot discriminate, although they give pattern responses for luminance differences.
Modeling and control of distributed generation under distorted and unbalanced conditions

this paper presents a novel distributed generation (DG) control strategy under both distorted and unbalanced conditions. Actually the power quality of microgrid bus and the point of common coupling are the main concerns due to the determination of high-quality power energy to the main grid and sensitive loads connected to microgrid bus. To tackle this problem, three control schemes based on PIR cascaded structure for DG units are developed to realize different control objectives. In these categories, the fundamental voltage is regulated by conventional PI controller to ensure direct voltage support and smooth operation mode transition while the harmonics or unbalanced variables are compensated with resonate controller in synchronous reference frame without sequential sequence decomposition. Modeling analysis and performance evaluation show the flexible and seamless transition of these control schemes. The control strategy can satisfy power quality requirements of microgrid in various operation modes, meanwhile, guarantee the robust and smooth operation of microgrid.
Equations with Nonlinear Boundary Conditions

Many of the results given in the previous chapters can be extended to problems with nonlinear boundary conditions by the method of upper and lower solutions. This chapter is devoted to an extension of this method to both parabolic and elliptic boundary-value problems where the boundary function h is replaced by a nonlinear function. This extension also includes parabolic equations with nonlinear integral boundary conditions and an existence theorem for elliptic equations without the one-sided Lipshitz condition. In addition to the standard treatment of the uniqueness and positivity of a solution for elliptic boundary-value problems there is an analogous discussion on the spectrum problem where the parameter σ appears in both the internal and the boundary functions. Results are applied to three specific models in heat-conduction, biochemical reaction, and gas-liquid interaction problems.
Detecting Skeletal Microvascular Flow Abnormalities in Diabetes : Could Microvascular Recruitment Be a Fundamental Problem?∗

Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications [(1)][1]. When microvascular complications or poor blood glucose control occur in diabetic patients, the risk for cardiac complications increases significantly, including sudden cardiac death [(2)][2]. How
[μ-N,N,N′,N′-Tetra­kis(2-pyridyl­meth­yl)butane-1,4-diamine]­bis­[diacetato­cadmium(II)] nona­hydrate

The title dinuclear complex, [Cd2(CH3CO2)4(C28H32N6)]·9H2O, is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The unique CdII ion displays a 5 + 2 coordination. A distorted square-pyramidal geometry is formed by the dipicolyl­amine unit of the ligand via the N atoms in a meridional fashion and two O atoms of the acetate ligands with short Cd—O distances. The coordination is completed by two loosely bound O atoms of the acetate ligands. The Cd—N distances involving the pyridine N atoms differ slightly from each other and the Cd—N distance involving the tertiary N atom is the longest. In the crystal structure, complex mol­ecules and solvent water mol­ecules are connected into a three-dimensional network via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. One of the water mol­ecules lies on a twofold rotation axis.
Venous Circulatory Changes in the Abdomen and Lower Extremities Attending Intestinal Distention

Summary1. Experimental intestinal distention of anesthetized dogs produces an elevation of intraperitoneal pressure which, however, does not increase at the same rate as the intraluminal pressure. 2. Venous pressure in the lower extremities of experimentally distended, anesthetized dogs increases with increasing intraperitoneal pressure. At the same time, the rate of blood flow from the lower extremities to the carotid is slower. 3. Shock, eventually produced by prolonged intestinal distention, is relieved by deflation, blood transfusion and the steep Trendelenburg position. 4. Intestinal distention is attended by diminished respiratory movements, stasis of abdominal and peripheral venous blood, and extravascular loss of whole blood and plasma. 5. Pressure in the inferior vena cava is not observed to be altered in experimental intestinal distentions in which the intraintestinal pressures reached 50 cm of water—a pressure in excess of the upper limit of sustained intraluminal pressure observed clinically. ...
Rearticulating Values Through Applied Theories at Children’s Hospital Colorado:

The ProblemA large, academically affiliated pediatric institution experienced a period of dramatic change leading to concerns of cultural fragmentation and a loss of shared cultural values.The Solu...
Optimization of MDCK cell culture medium

Objective:To compare the culture effect of MDCK cells by cell culture medium with different formulas.Methods: Under the same culture condition,the MDCK cells were cultured in three different formulas of culture medium,then the results were compared.Results: The optimized culture medium has better performance in MDCK cells culturing than the other two formuals.Conclusion: An optimized culture medium for the cultivation of MDCK cells was proven to better meet the practical need in laboratory.
Abstract 2071: SW43-DOX - a potential new targeted drug for the treatment of liver malignancies - Anin vitroevaluation of receptor affinity and tumor internalization

Purpose: The σ2-receptor is known to be overexpressed on many rapidly growing cancer cells, thus represents a tumor biomarker and is potentially attractive for targeted tumor therapy. We have synthesized the conjugate SW43-DOX consisting of the σ2-receptor agonist SW43 and the anticancer agent Doxorubicin (DOX). The purpose of this study was to compare the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of SW43-DOX and DOX and to evaluate the receptor affinity and internalization of SW43-DOX in hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancer cell lines in vitro. Material & Methods: SW43 was synthesized and conjugated with Doxorubicin (A Chemtek Inc.) For saturation binding & internalization assays, the chelator L-NETA was attached & loaded with Lu177. Hep G2, Hep 3B, Panc-1 & HT-29 cell lines were evaluated. EC50 was assessed by treatment with various concentrations ranging from 0.5-700 μM of SW43-DOX/Doxorubicin (CellTiter-Glo®; Promega). Saturation binding assay: σ2-receptor blocking was achieved with 10-100 μM SW43 for 15 min. at RT prior to adding 1-300 μM SW43-DOX-Lu177 in HBSS buffer (+0.1% BSA) incubating for 3.5h on ice. Internalization assay: After receptor blocking (7.5 μM SW43; 15 min.), cells were incubated with 75 nM SW43-DOX-Lu177 for .5, 1 & 2h at 37°C/5% CO2. The cell surface bound fraction from the internalization assay was scavenged by incubation with HBSS (+20 mM NaOAc; pH4.0; 10 min; 37°C/5% CO2). Cells were lysed with 0.5% SDS, radioactivity measured (Cobra -counter, Packard Bell) & normalized to whole cell protein. Statistics: EC50: Dose response non-linear fitting model; Internalization: ANOVA + Bonferroni post-hoc test, Saturation binding: One site saturation non-linear regression fit model. Prism V6.0. Results: EC50 showed lower needed concentration (μM) for SW43-DOX compared to Doxorubicin: Hep G2 (12.0 (95%CI: 10.3-13.9) vs. 81.5 (95%CI: 66.7-99.5); p Conclusion: SW43-DOX exerts a higher antitumoral effect than Doxorubicin & binds specifically onto the cell surface with high affinity & subsequently specific uptake via the σ2-receptor. Citation Format: Johannes M. Ludwig, Yongkang Gai, Sun Lingyi, Dexing Zeng, Hyun S. Kim. SW43-DOX - a potential new targeted drug for the treatment of liver malignancies - An in vitro evaluation of receptor affinity and tumor internalization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2071.
Adenosine and Atp-Regulated Ion Currents in Cardiomyocytes

It is well established that adenosine and adenine nucleotides, such as ATP, are potent cardiac extracellular messengers whose actions are mediated by distinct cell surface receptors (A, and P2respectively). Adenosine, in addition to being a potent coronary vasodilator, also slows heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) and causes atrioventricular (AV) block (negative dromotropic effect) [1]. Adenosine also antagonizes the cardiac stimulatory actions (e.g. inotropic and arrhythmogenic) of s-adrenergic agonists [1]. Adenine nucleotides such as ATP elicit several cardiovascular effects similar to those of adenosine [2]. The actions of ATP in the mammalian heart are to a large extent due to activation of A, and A2adenosine receptors by adenosine formed on degradation of this adenine nucleotide [2 3]. However, it has become increasingly clear that before its degradation to adenosine, extracellular ATP per se via activation of P2purinergic receptors (P2-receptors) causes a positive inotropic effect [4].
Novel counterfeit detection of integrated circuits via infrared analysis: A case study based on the Intel Cyclone II FPGAs

The counterfeiting of electronic parts is a critical issue that places the reliability and security of numerous systems, such as financial, defense, and aerospace, in peril. The global cost of counterfeiting is as much as $500 billion (USD) annually and negatively impacts the brand of the world's leading integrated circuit manufacturers. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) rank third of the most fraudulently discovered electronic part. This fact is significant since reconfigurable FPGAs are practically ubiquitous in many critical systems and they possess a high resell value. A noninvasive low-cost capability to detect counterfeit FPGAs within these aforementioned industries' supply chains is imperative to the operational certainty of their respective systems. The authors proposed a novel approach to ascertain inauthentic FPGAs, in particular Intel [formerly Altera] Cyclone II devices though use of infrared (IR) analysis and machine learning.
Symmetry control of an indirectly driven high-density-carbon implosion at high convergence and high velocity

We report on the most recent and successful effort at controlling the trajectory and symmetry of a high density carbon implosion at the National Ignition Facility. We use a low gasfill (0.3 mg/cc He) bare depleted uranium hohlraum with around 1 MJ of laser energy to drive a 3-shock-ignition relevant implosion. We assess drive performance and we demonstrate symmetry control at convergence 1, 3–5, 12, and 27 to better than ±5 μm using a succession of experimental platforms. The symmetry control was maintained at a peak fuel velocity of 380 km/s. Overall, implosion symmetry measurements are consistent with the pole-equator symmetry of the X-ray drive on the capsule being better than 5% in the foot of the drive (when shocks are launched) and better than 1% during peak drive (main acceleration phase). This level of residual asymmetry should have little impact on implosion performance.
qSR: A software for quantitative analysis of single molecule and super-resolution data

We present a software for quantitative analysis of single molecule based super-resolution data. The software serves as an open-source platform integrating multiple algorithms for rigorous spatial and temporal characterizations of protein clusters in super-resolution data of living, or fixed cells.
Notch1 maintains dormancy of olfactory horizontal basal cells, a reserve neural stem cell

The remarkable capacity of the adult olfactory epithelium (OE) to regenerate fully both neurosensory and nonneuronal cell types after severe epithelial injury depends on life-long persistence of two stem cell populations: the horizontal basal cells (HBCs), which are quiescent and held in reserve, and mitotically active globose basal cells. It has recently been demonstrated that down-regulation of the ΔN form of the transcription factor p63 is both necessary and sufficient to release HBCs from dormancy. However, the mechanisms by which p63 is down-regulated after acute OE injury remain unknown. To identify the cellular source of potential signaling mechanisms, we assessed HBC activation after neuron-only and sustentacular cell death. We found that ablation of sustentacular cells is sufficient for HBC activation to multipotency. By expression analysis, next-generation sequencing, and immunohistochemical examination, down-regulation of Notch pathway signaling is coincident with HBC activation. Therefore, using HBC-specific conditional knockout of Notch receptors and overexpression of N1ICD, we show that Notch signaling maintains p63 levels and HBC dormancy, in contrast to its suppression of p63 expression in other tissues. Additionally, Notch1, but not Notch2, is required to maintain HBC dormancy after selective neuronal degeneration. Taken together, our data indicate that the activation of HBCs observed after tissue injury or sustentacular cell ablation is caused by the reduction/elimination of Notch signaling on HBCs; elimination of Jagged1 expressed by sustentacular cells may be the ligand responsible.
Floor of mouth window to improve surgical access for trans-oral cancer surgery.

e17568Background: The increasing incidence of HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer has sparked interest in minimally invasive transoral surgery as a primary treatment modality. However, adequate sur...
Two-Sided Ideals of Some Finite-Dimensional Algebras

We set up the framework for discussing general properties of the lattice and the semigroup of ideals of a finite-dimensional algebra. We work out the examples u(sl 2), uς(sl 2) and kSL 2 (F p ) explicitly. Algebras with distributive lattice and commutative semigroup of ideals are classified.