cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal and molecular structure of (η5)-C5H5)Co(HNC6H4NH), a cobalto-quinonediimine complex

The X-ray structure determination of (η5-C5H5)Co(HNC6H4NH) (Ib) reveals that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n witha=12.479(3),b=8.865(2),c=17.817(5) A, {iβ}=94.70(2)°,V=1964.4(6) A3,Z=8 (two independent molecules form the asymmetric unit). Least-squares refinement based on 1894 independent observed reflections,I≥2.5σ(I), resulted in a finalR value of 0.054. A pattern of somewhat shortened Co-N bonds (〈av〉 1.83 A), short C-N bonds (〈av〉 1.34 A), Co-N-C bond angles consistent with trigonally hybridized N, and a nearly planar metallocyclic ring suggest that some electron delocalization may exist in the ring. This pattern, however, may also be explicable in terms of factors other than delocalization; alternatives are discussed. The structure may best be regarded as a CoI complex containing ano-quinonediimine ligand.
Comparison of contraceptive choices of rural and urban US adults aged 18-55 years: an analysis of 2004 behavioral risk factor surveillance survey data.

INTRODUCTION: Although sexually active US adults wanting to prevent pregnancy have a wide variety of birth control methods readily available there is little research that documents the contraceptive choices of rural adults in comparison to urban adults. This study compared the contraceptive choices of rural with urban adults. The comparative analysis joins the recent dialog in population health focused on assessing health related differences to detect if these are indicative of rural health disparities. METHODS: Design: This was a cross-sectional study analyzing 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) data. Place of residence was ascertained by re-coding the state/county FIPS code as either urban or rural based on 2003 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes from the US Office of Management and Budget (setting: US households; participants: US adults 18-55 years). Main outcome measures: characteristics and contraceptive method choice of rural adults using birth control. RESULTS: A multivariate regression model performed with use of birth control as the dependent variable yielded that rural in comparison with urban adults 18-55 years were more likely to use female or male sterilization non-injectable and injectable hormones for birth control. They were less likely to use: condoms a diaphragm or NuvaRing emergency contraception withdrawal or rhythm methods. Additionally in comparison with urban adults rural persons younger than 35 years those who had children younger than 18 years living with them those who were partnered males and those living in households with an income of less than US$35000 were more likely to report using some form of contraception. CONCLUSION: There were differences in the contraception choices of urban and rural adults. How much primary care provider preferences explains the differences is not known and bears further exploration. These results should prove useful to healthcare providers as well as public health family planning programs.
Does anonymity matter? Examining quality of online peer assessment and students’ attitudes

The study investigated the effects of anonymity on online peer assessment and compared three different conditions . Fifty-eight preservice teachers at a mid-size US university engaged in a series of online peer assessments during fall 2017. Peer assessment was embedded in a blended course as a required asynchronous activity using the Canvas learning management system. Students were randomly assigned to three different peer assessment conditions: anonymous, partially anonymous, and identifiable. They were asked to provide feedback comments and rate the quality of peer s’ work . The researcher examined to what extent three different conditions had influenced the quality of feedback comments, measured quantitatively through the number of words and negative statements. At the end of the semester, a survey that included a 5-point Likert scale and several open-ended questions was also distributed to analyse students ’ perceptions about peer assessment and anonymity . The results indicate that although students prefer anonymity, it may not be a necessary condition for increasing student engagement.
Molecular Modeling Studies on the Binding Mode of the PD-1/PD-L1 Complex Inhibitors

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint (ICP) overexpressed in various types of tumors; thus, it has been considered as an important target for cancer therapy. To determine important residues for ligand binding, we applied molecular docking studies to PD-1/PD-L1 complex inhibitors against the PD-L1 protein. Our data revealed that the residues Tyr56, Asp122, and Lys124 play critical roles in ligand binding to the PD-L1 protein and they could be used to design ligands that are active against the PD-1/PD-L1 complex. The formation of H-bonds with Arg125 of the PD-L1 protein may enhance the potency of the PD-1/PD-L1 binding.
Narrative Identity Development and Desistance from Illegal Behavior among Substance-Using Female Offenders: Implications for Narrative Therapy and Creating Opportunity

According to narrative identity theory, to desist from breaking the law, offenders must fashion a prosocial identity through a process of redemption by “making good” of past negative events. To improve understanding of women offenders’ redemption, analyses were conducted of the life stories and the identity change those stories revealed for 118 U.S. women with histories of multiple criminal convictions. Women most often described redemption from illegal activity and substance misuse, distress and trauma, and the challenges of giving birth and parenting. They rarely described redemption in educational and employment settings. The numbers and types of accounts of redemption did not explain desistance. However, qualitative analyses showed important differences in the redemption accounts of women who did and did not desist. Persisters’ stories of redemption tended to lack coherence and revealed tendencies to minimize both the negative effects of illegal behavior and the connection of illegal behavior to identities. Desisters’ accounts emphasized women’s strong motivations to change and their efforts to distance their current from their prior selves, steer internal change, and identify valuable prosocial qualities in themselves. Promising treatment interventions include support for women’s development of coherent life stories and autonomy support to increase motivation to change. Findings also suggest the need for policy change to increase both employment opportunities for women offenders and programs that provide employment and education that promote prosocial identity development.
“Volksgemeinschaft” im Werden? “Baltendeutsche” im Warthegau 1939–1941

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wurde gezeigt, dass Baltendeutsche das deutungsoffene Konzept der ‘Volksgemeinschaftʼ nutzten, um Anderungen ihrer Situation zu fordern. Das Ideologem der ‘Volksgemeinschaftʼ ist demnach in den eingegliederten Gebieten nicht statisch, sondern dynamisch zu verstehen. Die Akteure riefen dazu auf, rassische Hierarchien und Exklusion strikt zu praktizieren und argumentierten mit den Idealen von Solidaritat und Gleichheit gegenuber Angehorigen anderer deutscher Bevolkerungsgruppen. Wahrend mehr als eine Million Polen und Juden bis zum Kriegsende aus dem Warthegau deportiert wurden, waren die deutschen Besatzer nach wie vor auf polnische und judische Arbeitskrafte angewiesen. Weil Nichtdeutsche billiger arbeiteten und sich zudem in ihren vormaligen Betrieben auskannten, hatten Baltendeutsche teilweise das Nachsehen. Zahlreiche V-Manner protestierten gegen diesen okonomischen Pragmatismus, da Baltendeutsche gemas den rassischen Hierarchien uber Nichtdeutschen stunden. Zudem instrumentalisierten Reichsdeutsche Polen, um Anspruche auf Betriebe geltend zu machen. Die VoMi bezog sich auf Berichte Baltendeutscher, die Reichsdeutschen unterstellten, entgegen rassischer Exklusionskonzepte zu agieren, und forderte, polnische Arbeiter zu deportieren und die Betriebe Baltendeutschen zu ubergeben. Auserdem wiesen Baltendeutsche darauf hin, dass trotz Kontaktverbot teilweise Dorfgemeinschaften zwischen Volksdeutschen und Polen fortbestanden. Auf diese Weise versuchten sie, die Vergemeinschaftung der Deutschen im Warthegau nach ihren Vorstellungen zu beeinflussen. Entgegen der Erwartungen, im Warthegau nach der Umsiedlung Fuhrungsrollen ubernehmen zu konnen, konkurrierten Baltendeutsche mit anderen Deutschen um soziale Stellung. Sie beklagten gegenuber der VoMi und ihren Mitarbeitern soziale Ungleichheiten und Konflikte unter den Deutschen, die entlang der Gruppenkategorien der Reichsdeutschen, Volksdeutschen und Baltendeutschen verliefen. V-Manner beriefen sich dabei in ihren Berichten auf das Ideal einer homogenen und egalitaren ‘Volksgemeinschaftʼ, um zugunsten der Baltendeutschen Veranderungen der Situation vor Ort zu fordern. Als Konsequenz der Schilderungen, die von der VoMi an den SD-Leitabschnitt Posen weitergeleitet wurden, mussten Landrate, Kreislandwirte und Burgermeister ihre Posten raumen. Dies zeigt, dass fur Baltendeutsche ‘Volksgemeinschaftʼ als Argument diente, um die Position der Gruppe gegenuber anderen Bevolkerungsgruppen zu starken. Wie gezeigt wurde, ist auch in den annektierten Gebieten‚ ‘Volksgemeinschaftʼ als Prozess zu verstehen. Angesichts der unterschiedlichen Herkunft der dort lebenden Deutschen trafen in den eingegliederten Gebieten auch verschiedene Auffassungen einer deutschen Gemeinschaft aufeinander. Wahrend zum Beispiel Baltendeutsche ein vergleichsweise idealistisches Bild bemuhten, wussten Reichsdeutsche das Konzept pragmatisch zu deuten. Indem die Bevolkerungsgruppen auf Basis der ‘Volksgemeinschaftʼ argumentierten, verhandelten sie gleichzeitig Gemeinschaftspraktiken.
Policy Approaches to Artificial Intelligence Based Technologies in China, European Union and the United States

This paper provides a summary survey of the policy approaches to artificial intelligence-based technologies in China, the European Union, and the United States. China has the most aggressive approach, launching major initiatives since 2015 such as ‘Made in China 2025’, the Internet Plus Plan, the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan, and the Artificial Intelligence Standardization White Paper. In 2018, the EU finalized both the European AI Strategy and ‘Made in Europe’ or the Coordinated Plan on the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. Despite a traditional reticence to adopt national strategies and perhaps pushed by growing concerns about China, the US Government announced the American AI Initiative and a National AI R&D Strategic Plan in 2019. The AI approaches in these three economies reflect their relative strengths—state control in China, citizen voice in Europe, and business practices in America. Unencumbered by privacy concerns, China’s strategy is geared to exploit the abundance of domestic data and to develop AI talent through central schemes and massive injections of money. The European Union’s regulations and spending priorities are guided by the objective of building citizen trust in AI-based technologies by safeguarding privacy and ameliorating disruptions in national labor markets. The mainstay of the US approach is to strengthen the linkages between business and AI-related research, and find ways to fund basic R&D. Despite efforts to indigenize AI innovations, all three economies face challenges. China’s AI strategy continues to rely disproportionately on just three tech giants: Baidu, Tencent and Alibaba, which have investments in more than a 100 AI-involved companies. Europe’s AI resources are unbalanced geographically—a quarter of Europe’s AI talent is in the UK and another quarter in Germany and France—and Brexit poses a serious risk. More than half of the AI talent in the US is foreign born, so immigration policies will inevitably be a central component of a national AI strategy.
Dustbowl Waters: Doctrinal and Legislative Solutions to Save the Ogallala Aquifer Before Both Time and Water Run Out

Eighty-three years after the Dust Bowl, America’s High Plains again face a dire threat: its primary aquifer faces depletion, and entire sections of the country are set to run out of groundwater by the end of the century or sooner. The High Plains Aquifer provides a significant amount of America’s agricultural irrigation, and is a primary source of drinking water for Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. This article argues that policymakers should slow the current rapid rate of aquifer depletion by reducing groundwater use through a combination of changes to irrigation technology, crop choice, consumer behavior, legal doctrine, and legislation. This article recommends specific legislative and legal solutions. First, the 2020 Farm Bill should expand water conservation incentives through voluntary metering and withdrawal limits, improved irrigation equipment investments, and high-water crop subsidy eliminations. Second, policymakers should promote long-term planning through doctrinal changes, including changing the ‘safe yield’ time horizon from decades to centuries. Third, Congress should empanel a National Aquifer Commission to spearhead collective management of this precious resource. Fourth, state and federal entities should coordinate information gathering and reporting on groundwater depletion. Finally, agencies should impose groundwater withdrawal limits in regions facing high depletion rates.
Dyspnoea with progressive “idiopathic” pulmonary fibrosis

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that prevent chromosomal shortening in cell replication. Short telomeres have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Patients with short telomere related pulmonary fibrosis can have computed tomography (CT) findings inconsistent with pro-typical usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) pattern. They can have rapid progression and overall worse prognosis. Antifibrotic drugs, like pirfenidone, can be used to slow the progression of disease, but there is conflicting data in patients with Telomerase reverse transcriptase/Telomerase RNA component (TERT/TERC) mutations, hence genetic testing plays an important role in determining the therapeutic options. These patients should be referred for lung transplantation early. We present a case of rapidly progressive pulmonary fibrosis associated with short telomere.
The Role of Demographic Research in Promoting Refugee Resettlement and Integration in the United States

This introduction to this special issue of the Journal on Migration and Human Security discusses the background and focus of two meetings precursory to this collection, considers refugee resettleme...
A transcriptional regulatory element common to a large family of hepatic cytochrome P450 genes is a functional binding site of the orphan receptor HNF-4.

Abstract Hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, including members of CYP1 to CYP4 families, comprise the majority of the CYP gene superfamily. Previous study has demonstrated that HepG2-specific transcriptional activation of two CYP2C genes was dependent on a common element that bound a HepG2 nuclear protein designated HPF-1 (Venepally, P., Chen, D., and Kemper, B. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17333-17338). This cis-acting element is highly homologous to the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) binding motif and is present in the promoters of more than 20 other CYP2 genes. To investigate the relationship between HPF-1 and HNF-4, we have compared their tissue distribution, DNA binding, and immunochemical characteristics, as well as transcriptional activity of their recognition elements. DNase I footprint analyses and gel-shift assays indicated that HPF-1, like HNF-4, was present in liver and kidney, but not brain and spleen. Both factors bound to either the HPF-1 site in the CYP2C2 promoter or an HNF-4 site in the human apolipoprotein CIII promoter. These complexes could be "supershifted" by an antiserum specific for HNF-4. When the sequence of the HPF-1 site in the CYP2C2 promoter was changed to that of the apolipoprotein CIII HNF-4 site, comparable transcriptional activities were obtained with the wild-type promoter and the HNF-4 mutant in transfected HepG2 cells. Cotransfection of HNF-4 with CYP2C2 promoter-luciferase constructs in COS-1 cells indicated that HNF-4 could trans-activate the promoters containing the HPF-1 site. These results indicate that the HPF-1 motif is a functional HNF-4-binding site, and the common immunological properties indicate that HPF-1 and HNF-4 are closely related and possibly identical. HNF-4, therefore, may act as a common regulator for the liver-specific expression of many CYP2 genes.
Effect of crystal packing environment on conformation of the DNA duplex. Molecular structure of the A-DNA octamer d(G-T-G-T-A-C-A-C) in two crystal forms.

The structure of the octamer d(G-T-G-T-A-C-A-C) was determined in two different crystal forms, tetragonal P43212 and hexagonal P6122. Although in both forms the octamer adopts an A-DNA structure, there are significant conformational differences between them. In particular, the P-05′ and the C5′-C4′ bonds of the middle adenine (A5) residue exhibit a distorted trans-trans conformation in the tetragonal form, while they adopt the standard gauche-, gauche+ conformation in the hexagonal form. These differences can be correlated with certain features of the crystal packing interactions in the two forms. Furthermore, a comparison of the structures of various A-DNA octamers reveals that the A-form can be divided into two subclasses such that the hexagonal structures have helical and base pair parameters that fall closer to fiber A-DNA values, while in the tetragonal structures these parameters deviate more from fiber A-DNA. These results indicate that environment plays a major role in determining DNA conformation.
The Skills Reinforcement Project (SRP): An Academic Program for High Potential Minority Youth:

Forty-five sixth-grade students from Pasadena Unified School District who had scored in the 80–96 percentiles on the California Achievement Test (CAT) participated in a Skills Reinforcement Project (SRP) designed to increase achievement in mathematics and language arts. A matched Comparison Group also participated in this study. The subjects' ethnic, racial and socioeconomic composition mirrored the overall population of the Pasadena Unified School District which has a high proportion of blacks and Hispanics, as well as socioeconomically disadvantaged children. The SRP had three phases of academic instruction—classes on Saturdays in the spring and fall and a two-week summer residential component. Both the SRP and Comparison Groups were pretested and posttested with the CAT, with the SRP Group making significantly greater gains in mathematics, but not in reading. As a result, many SRP students qualified for screening into Pasadena Public Schools' program for the gifted without recourse to affirmative actio...
Toward semantic interoperability of heterogeneous biological data sources

Genomic researchers use a number of heterogeneous data sources including nucleotides, protein sequences, 3-D Protein structures, taxonomies, and research publications such as MEDLINE. This research aims to discover as much biological knowledge as possible about the properties and functions of the structures such as DNA sequences and protein structures and to explore the connections among all the data, so that the knowledge can be used to improve human lives. Currently it is very difficult to connect all of these data sources seamlessly unless all the data is transformed into a common format with an id connecting all of them. The state-of-the-art facilities for searching these data sources provide interfaces through which scientists can access multiple databases. Most of these searches are primarily text based, requiring users to specify keywords using which the systems search through each individual data source and returns results. The user is then required to create the connections between the results from each source. This is a major problem because researchers do not always know how to create these connections. To solve this problem we propose a semantics-based mechanism for automatically linking and connecting the various data sources. Our approach is based on a model that explicitly captures the semantics of the heterogeneous data sources and makes them available for searching. In this talk I will discuss issues related to capturing the semantics of biological data and using these semantics to automate the integration of diverse heterogeneous sources.
Thucydides: Oxford Readings in Classical Studies, Jeffrey S. Rusten, ed.

Finally Persuaded: Rhetoric, History, and Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War This is certainly not the place to undertake a comprehensive and systematic new approach to Thucydides. But it...
Prologue to America's Forgotten Constitutions: Defiant Visions of Power and Community

This is the Prologue to America's Forgotten Constitutions (Harvard, 2014).The U.S. Constitution opens by proclaiming the sovereignty of all citizens: “We the People.” Robert Tsai’s gripping history of alternative constitutions invites readers into the circle of those who have rejected this ringing assertion — the defiant groups that refused to accept the Constitution’s definition of who “the people” are and how their authority should be exercised.America’s Forgotten Constitutions is the story of America as told by dissenters: squatters, Native Americans, abolitionists, socialists, internationalists, and racial nationalists. Beginning in the nineteenth century, Tsai chronicles eight episodes in which discontented citizens took the extraordinary step of drafting a new constitution. He examines the alternative Americas envisioned by John Brown (who dreamed of a republic purged of slavery), Robert Barnwell Rhett (the Confederate “father of secession”), and Etienne Cabet (a French socialist who founded a utopian society in Illinois). Other dreamers include the University of Chicago academics who created a world constitution for the nuclear age; the Republic of New Afrika, which demanded a separate country carved from the Deep South; and the contemporary Aryan movement, which plans to liberate America from multiculturalism and feminism.Countering those who treat constitutional law as a single tradition, Tsai argues that the ratification of the Constitution did not quell debate but kindled further conflicts over basic questions of power and community. He explains how the tradition mutated over time, inspiring generations and disrupting the best-laid plans for simplicity and order. Idealists on both the left and right will benefit from reading these cautionary tales.
Si 3 N 4 multilayer platform for photonic integrated circuits

We design, fabricate, and demonstrate an optimized silicon nitride multilayer platform including ultra-low interlayer vertical coupling loss of 0.05 dB, multilayer crossing loss of 0.265 dB at 90° crossing angle, and 50 μm bending radius.
Quota Mechanics in Panamá, 1999–2014: ‘Se obedece, pero no se Cumple’

How do electoral gender quotas interact with the electoral process to increase descriptive representation? The case of quota mechanics in Panama is revealing because it represents common factors in much of the region, but it is rarely considered in the literature. In fact, Panama is often misrepresented as simply a legislative quota, ignoring the causal mechanisms of one of the worst performing quotas in the world. The case study of Panama illuminates which quota provisions increase descriptive representation, shedding light on how quotas work in small states and how the lack of enforcement mechanisms fail to increase representation.
Communication skills training for nursing aides of residents with dementia: The impact of measuring performance

Abstract This study is a critical analysis of the components of a communication skills training program designed to increase the quantity and quality of nursing aides' (N = 126) verbal interactions with residents with dementia (N = 125) during care routines. Training included a didactic in-service, one-on-one, criterion-based training during care interactions, the use of memory books, and a staff management system. Results indicated that this communication skills program significantly improved nursing aides' effective skills (p > .001), effective instructions (p > .01) and manner of communication during care interactions with residents. One-on-one performance training and feedback was required to master and maintain skill use 3 months beyond program termination.
Under the Eagle: Samuel Holiday, Navajo Code Talker. By Samuel Holiday and Robert S. McPherson.

If you are an avid scholar of World War II or a fan of Tony Hillerman’s best-selling mystery novels featuring Navajo policemen Joe Leaphorn and Jim Chee, you will find Under the Eagle a fascinating...
Organized Violence in the Elizabethan Monarchical Republic: Organized Violence

This article argues that the Tudor concept of England as a Protestant commonwealth normally implied a belief in the legitimacy and necessity of armed violence against enemies of God and the public good. In the absence of a standing army the instruments of such violence had to be mobilized partly through the voluntary efforts of subjects who regarded warfare as a form of public service. The article goes on to explore how ideas and practices of armed violence shaped government policies in England and Ireland. In England the privy council constructed a system of county militias under the control of a cohort deemed loyal to the Protestant state, and toyed with schemes for using martial law against vagrants and other groups who threatened public order. But in the absence of a successful invasion or major rebellion, this machinery of military control was never fully mobilized and a reaction eventually set in against its potential abuse. By contrast in Ireland linguistic and cultural divisions, weaker institutions of civil government and the preponderance of Catholicism created situations in which brutal military coercion sometimes appeared the only effective method of maintaining ‘civil’ governance and Protestant control. The weakness of royal supervision over the captains who carried out government policy on the ground also enabled freelance violence. Elizabethan brutality in Ireland was not simply a product of colonial rule; it reflected the dark underside of commonwealth ideals of civility, political initiative and godly rule.
Characteristic time emissions correlations: the T-63 helicopter gas turbine combustor

Gaseous pollutant emissions from conventional diffusion flame T-63 combustors are correlated as functions of combustor geometry and inlet conditions in terms of a characteristic time model. New aspects of the present study show partial inclusion of effects of alternate fuel properties, suggest a generalization of the Lipfert NO/sub x/ correlation, compare advanced film injected and prevaporizing/premixing with conventional combustors, and demonstrate a quantitative relation between emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and CO. 9 figures, 4 tables.
76. In Vivo Suppression of Cytotoxic T Cell Responses by CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Activated by Hepatic Gene Transfer

Treatment of genetic disease such as the bleeding disorder hemophilia B (deficiency in blood coagulation factor IX, F.IX) by gene replacement therapy is complicated by the risk of immune responses to the therapeutic gene product and to the gene transfer vector. Previously, we have shown that adeno-associated viral (AAV) hepatic gene transfer can induce immune tolerance to F.IX. Immune competent mice of two different strains (BALB/c and C3H) were tolerized to human F.IX by this protocol. These animals were subsequently challenged by systemic administration of an E1/E3- deleted adenoviral vector (Ad-hF.IX), which is known to induce a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the transgene product. Immune tolerance prevented CTL activation to F.IX (as determined by in vitro CTL assay) and CD8+ cellular infiltrates in the liver, and also reduced antibody formation to F.IX to low and transient responses. Moreover, a sustained (|[ge]|4 months) and substantial increase in hepatic F.IX expression from the adenoviral vector was achieved (increase from 0.2 to 1|[ndash]|2 |[mu]|g/ml plasma and from 3|[ndash]|5% of hepatocytes to 20|[ndash]|50%) despite in vitro T cell responses to adenoviral antigens. This suggested an in vivo suppression mechanism. Interestingly, splenocytes from tolerized mice had increased proportions of CD4+CD62L+ and of CD4+CD25+GITR+ cells, and CD4+ splenocytes had increased levels of FoxP3 mRNA. This suggested a complex regulatory mechanism that included cells with a phenotype similar to naturally occuring regulatory CD4+ T cells. To test our suppression hypothesis, splenocytes were adoptively transferred from tolerized C3H/HeJ mice (6 weeks after hepatic AAV gene transfer) to naive C3H/HeJ mice. The following day, Ad-hF.IX was systemically administered to recipient mice (n=4/ experimental group). Compared to CD4-depleted cells and to splenocytes from naive controls, CD4+ cells from AAV-hF.IX hepatic transduced animals (1|[times]|10exp6 per recipient mouse) suppressed anti-hF.IX formation and inflammatory lymphocyte responses to Ad-hF.IX transduced liver. Consequently, prolonged hepatic and systemic hF.IX expression was observed (1|[ndash]|2% hF.IX positive hepatocytes for |[ge]|2 months vs. <0.1% in control groups), and hepatic injury normally caused by the response to adenovirus was limited. CD4- cells failed to suppress these immune responses. Therefore, regulatory CD4+ T cells activated by hepatocyte-derived hF.IX expression can suppress responses to viral antigens expressed in the context of hF.IX. These results indicate that augmentation of regulatory CD4+ T cell activation should provide new means to avoid destructive immune responses to therapeutic and viral antigens in gene transfer.
Evaluation of external radial integrals in inelastic electron scattering

Stable recurrence relations, convenient for numerical calculation, are developed for Dirac-Coulomb radial integrals.
Social affiliation and contact patterns among white-tailed deer in disparate landscapes: implications for disease transmission

In social species, individuals contact members of the same group much more often than those of other groups, particularly for contacts that could directly transmit disease agents. This disparity in contact rates violates the assumptions of simple disease models, hinders disease spread between groups, and could decouple disease transmission from population density. Social behavior of white-tailed deer has important implications for the long-term dynamics and impact of diseases such as bovine tuberculosis and chronic wasting disease (CWD), so expanding our understanding of their social system is important. White-tailed deer form matrilineal groups, which inhabit stable home ranges that overlap somewhat with others—a pattern intermediate between mass-action and strict territoriality. To quantify how group membership affects their contact rates and document the spectrum of social affiliation, we analyzed location data from global positioning system (GPS) collars on female and juvenile white-tailed deer in 2 study areas: near Carbondale in forest-dominated southern Illinois (2002–2006) and near Lake Shelbyville in agriculture-dominated central Illinois (2006–2009). For each deer dyad (i.e., 2 individual deer with sufficient overlapping GPS data), we measured space-use overlap, correlation of movements, direct contact rate (simultaneous GPS locations < 10 m apart), and indirect contact rate (GPS locations < 10 m apart when offset by 1 or 3 days). Direct contact rates were substantially higher for within-group dyads than between-group dyads, but group membership had little apparent effect on indirect contact rates. The group membership effect on direct contact rates was strongest in winter and weakest in summer, with no apparent difference between study areas. Social affiliations were not dichotomous, with some deer dyads showing loose but positive affiliation. Even for obvious within-group dyads, their strength of affiliation fluctuated between years, seasons, and even days. Our findings highlight the poor fit between deer behavior and simple models of disease transmission and, combined with previous infection data, suggest that direct contact is the primary driver of CWD transmission among free-living female and juvenile white-tailed deer.
Survival of Heated Streptococcus faecalis as Affected by Phase of Growth and Incubation Temperature after Thermal Exposure

SUMMARY Effects of the growth phase of 3 Streptococcus faecalis strains on heat resistance at 60° was studied. During the initial and middle logarithmic growth phases no resistance to 60° was found. Organisms heated in a stationary phase of growth were incubated at temperatures ranging from 45 to 7.3° to determine the effect of incubation temperature on their survival. Maximum survival of heated organisms was observed at optimum growth temperatures of c. 30°. The incubation time required for maximum recovery was longer for heated than for unheated organisms, regardless of the incubation temperature.
STUDIES ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS III. CHARACTERS OF THE VIRUS ITSELF WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1. It is likely that certain tailed and filamentous particles seen on electron microscope examination of partially purified saline suspensions of Newcastle virus are the individual virus particles because: (a) They have a highly characteristic shape not seen in other virus preparations. (b) They are present whenever the virus is present in high concentration. (c) Their size agrees with the size of the virus as calculated from light scattering and centrifuge data. (d) They are agglutinated by specific antisera. (e) Infection may be produced in the embryo by relatively few of these particles. 2. It is possible that these filamentous forms have been derived from spherical forms without loss of activity because: (a) Such filamentous forms are not found in the original allantoic fluid when this contains a comparable amount of virus. (b) Filamentous forms appeared in the original allantoic fluid when it was dialyzed against saline solution. (c) Filamentous forms were produced at certain hydrogen ion concentrations but not at others, in solutions maintaining the same infectivity for the embryo. (d) Spherical forms were obtained by suspending the partially purified virus in water instead of saline. In this the virus remained moderately stable. (e) These round forms could apparently be converted into tailed and filamentous forms by the addition of saline, again without loss of activity. (f) This "conversion" could be inhibited by partial inactivation of the water suspension of virus.
Temperature and circulation of the Venus atmosphere

Abstract The approximate radiative equilibrium temperature is computed for the atmosphere above the visible surface of Venus, taking carbon dioxide as the only strongly absorbing gas on the planet. It is found that with radiative equilibrium the atmosphere is convectively stable, and that the mean temperature of the visible surface is 237°K. The small difference in observed intensity of infra-red radiation from the day and night sides of the planet is attributed to a large heat capacity of the emitting body, and from this it is inferred that the visible surface is only a thin layer of smog covering a universal (but non-aqueous) ocean. The appearance of the clouds of Venus in visible and in ultra-violet light suggests a form of the general circulation in which there are large low-level horizontal cells that transport heat from low to high latitudes and from the day to the night side of the planet, surmounted by a circumpolar vortex.
Fluid Collections in Amputations Are Not Indicative or Predictive of Infection

Background In the acute postoperative period, fluid collections are common in lower extremity amputations. Whether these fluid collections increase the risk of infection is unknown.
Analysis of nitrogenous compounds in the effluent streams from a fluidized bed coal gasification reactor

A Texas lignite and a New Mexico subbituminous coal were gasified with steam and oxygen in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor at pressures from 770 kPa to 830 kPa, and temperatures form 795°C to 980°C. The make gas passed through a cyclone separator, and then a venturi scrubber in which condensable and water-soluble compounds were removed. The gasifier effluents (spent char, cyclone fines, tar, wastewater, and dry make gas) were analyzed for nitrogenous compounds. For both coals, 6–12% of the nitrogen in the feed was retained in the spent char, with greater quantities being retained in the subbituminous coal char. Of the nitrogen volatilized from both coals, roughly 5% appeared in the tar, less than 0.2% appeared in the dry make gas as ammonia and NOx, and the balance appeared in the wastewater as ammonia (60%), hydrolyzable nitrogenous compounds and possibly cyanate (10–15%), thiocyanate (1%), cyanide (0.5%), and other compounds (3–10%). The average concentration of NOx in the dry gas was 7 ppm for lignite. No NOx data for subbituminous coal were obtained. Reactor conditions (temperature, pressure, steam-to-carbon feed ratio) had no measurable effect on the production rates of nitrogenous compounds over the range of conditions investigated.
Ant1 -Deficient Mouse Model for Sengers Mitochondrial Myopathy Has Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Echocardiography

Ant1 -Deficient Mouse Model for Sengers Mitochondrial Myopathy Has Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Echocardiography
Rehydratable agarose gels: Application to isoelectric focusing in 9 molar urea

A method is described for the preparation of rehydratable agarose gels, with specific application to the direct incorporation of 9 M urea and carrier ampholytes into rehydratable agarose gels for use in isoelectric focusing. After drying the agarose gel containing an uncharged linear polyacrylamide, one gel volume of a 9 M urea-carrier ampholyte solution is absorbed directly into the gel in 60 min, eliminating equilibration or dialysis of the gel in larger volumes of the 9 M urea-carrier ampholyte solution. Proteins with a molecular mass of 970 000 Da can be separated by isoelectric focusing in these rehydratable gels. The focused proteins can then be quantitatively transferred to nitrocellulose in less than 10 min, and any immunostaining procedure can be used to probe the blotted proteins. These agarose gels are easy to make, they rehydrate rapidly and they can be used in applications other than isoelectric focusing.
LICENSING, MIGRATION, AND EARNINGS: SOME EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS1

The authors estimate the impact of occupational licensing on interstate migration and earnings. Interstate misallocation of labor resources and a redistribution of income in favor of the most highly regulated occupations is seen as a consequence of licensure barriers. The article presents descriptive information about the barriers to mobility posed by licensure; it compares interstate migration rates; and it develops an econometric model of licensing, migration, and earnings for those in universally licensed occupations.
Analyzing the transtheoretical model using the framework of Weinstein, Rothman, and Sutton (1998): the example of smoking cessation.

Objective To assess the transtheoretical model applied to smoking cessation using the framework of N. D. Weinstein, A. J. Rothman, and S. R. Sutton (1998), which is the general framework for designing and evaluating stage models of health behavior. Design Systematic review. Results and conclusion The transtheoretical model applied to smoking cessation does not satisfy the criteria required of a valid stage model. Most significantly, the evidence indicates that the stages of change are not qualitatively distinct categories.
Creation of Medicinal Chemistry Learning Communities Through Enhanced Technology and Interdisciplinary Collaboration

Objectives. To build an integrated medicinal chemistry learning community of campus and distance pharmacy students though the use of innovative technology and interdisciplinary teaching. Design. Mechanisms were implemented to bring distance students into campus-based medicinal chemistry classrooms in real time, stimulate interaction between instructors and various student cohorts, and promote group work during class. Also, pharmacy clinician colleagues were recruited to contribute to the teaching of the 3 medicinal chemistry courses. Assessment. Student perceptions on the value of technology to build community and advance learning were gleaned from course evaluations, in class feedback, and conversations with class officers and student groups. Responses on a survey of second-year students confirmed the benefits of interdisciplinary content integration on engagement and awareness of the connection between drug chemistry and pharmacy practice. A survey of clinician colleagues who contributed to teaching the 3 medicinal chemistry courses found their views were similar to those of students. Conclusions. The purposeful use of technology united learners, fostered communication, and advanced content comprehension in 3 medicinal chemistry courses taught to campus and distance students. Teaching collaboration with pharmacy clinicians enhanced learner interest in course content and provided insight into the integrated nature of the profession of pharmacy.
Estimates for the corona problem

Abstract Estimates are given for solutions of the corona problem for H∞ of the upper half plane or unit disk. Roughly speaking, our results assert that if at every point one corona datum is large, then small corona solutions may be obtained. Our methods use heavily the theory of functions of bounded mean oscillation and in particular, a result of Garnett and Jones.
Risk assessment of transgenic apomictic tetraploid bahiagrass, cytogenetics, breeding behavior and performance of intra-specific hybrids.

Pollen-mediated gene transfer from stress tolerant or herbicide-resistant transgenic plants may cause environmental or agronomic problems. Apomictic seed production found in some bahiagrass cultivars may serve as a natural transgene containment system. Under greenhouse conditions, the average gene transfer frequency from an herbicide-resistant apomictic tetraploid to a population of sexual diploid bahiagrass genotypes or apomictic tetraploid bahiagrass was 0.16% when the transgenic pollen donor was placed at 0.5–1.5 m distance from the non-transgenic pollen receptors. The herbicide-resistant hybrids were characterized for transgene integration, expression and ploidy, by Southern blot analysis, immuno-chromatography and flow cytometry, respectively. Hybrids resulting from open pollination of non-transgenic diploid female plants with transgenic tetraploid male plants were triploids or near-triploids, with 2n = 26–34. These hybrids displayed a wide range of phenotypic variability, including some non-persistent or non-flowering dwarf-type hybrids with good vigor, or hybrids with vegetative growth similar to non-transgenic plants, but with significantly reduced seed set. Non-flowering aneu-triploids with good vigor/field performance will provide the highest level of transgene containment. Embryo sac analysis of pollinated spikelets confirmed a high proportion of aborted ovules. An apospory-linked RFLP marker was detected in 13 of the 15 near-triploid hybrids. All flowering aneuploid hybrids displayed significantly reduced seed set, and none of the sexual near-triploid hybrids produced any seeds. All tetraploid gene transfer events carried the apospory-linked RFLP marker, suggesting that despite the presence of the aposporus locus, a low degree of sexuality co-exists in apomictic tetraploid cultivars. Thus, tetraploid apomictic bahiagrass does not provide complete transgene containment, although intra-specific gene transfer is drastically reduced compared to sexually reproducing perennial grasses.
On the lepton numbers of the universe

Abstract The lepton numbers (e, μ, τ, …) of the universe are not easily accessible to measurement since a large lepton number can be hidden in the cosmological background sea of neutrinos. We argue that if the ideas of grand unification are correct (specifically, that there is a gauge boson of mass ≲ 3 × 1015 GeV whose interactions violate baryon and lepton number), then the lepton numbers of the universe must be of the same order as the baryon number (B ≡ nB/nγ ≈ 10−9.9±1). The existence of such a boson could be inferred from proton decay. The smallness of the lepton numbers has important consequences for big-bang cosmology.
Studies in Animism: II. The Development of Animism

(1940). Studies in Animism: II. The Development of Animism. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 353-366.
Transmission of Polarized Neutrons through Samples of Polarized Ho 165 Nuclei

Transmission experiments were carried out using polarized-monochromatic neutrons, polarized Ho/sup 156/ nuclei and polycrystalline samples of holmium- ethyl sulfate and holmium metal. The spins of the two excited states of the compound nucleus corresponding to the neutron resonances at 3.92 and 12.8 ev are assigned as J = I + 1/2 = 4. The nuclear polarization obtained for the metal sample has the same sign and magnitude as in the holmium-ethyl sulfate. The hyperfine constant A/k was calculated to be 0.61 plus or minus 0.06 deg K for the ethyl sulfate and 0.65 plus or minus 0.08 deg K for the metal. The depolarization of the neutron beam in passing through the magnetized samples was studied at thermal energies. (auth)
Mitochondrial self-duplication observed in vitro.

In our paper "Mitochondrial self-duplicationobserved in vitro " [ Science 124, 123 (20 July1956)], the authors of two of the references wereincorrectly given. The authors for reference 5 areE. P. Kennedy and A. L. Lehninger; the authorsfor reference 6 are J. W. Harman and M.Feigelson.
Oxalate-induced acute renal failure in Crohn's disease

In a patient with long-standing Crohn's disease and bowel resection, acute reversible renal failure associated with hyperoxaluria developed. The renal biopsy specimen demonstrated marked oxalosis. Acute renal failure, although rare, is a complication of enteric hyperoxaluria of Crohn's disease. This type of renal failure may be reversible if recognized and treated early, since remission of symptoms occurred following hemodialysis.
Guiding DNA Methylation

How DNA methyltransferases, with their limited target specificity, establish cell-type-specific epigenetic patterns is poorly understood. Schubeler and colleagues (Lienert et al., 2011) now show that methylation-determining regions (MDRs) within promoter regions are sufficient to recapitulate endogenous patterns and dynamics of DNA methylation.
Spam: it's not just for inboxes anymore

E-mail spam is a nuisance that every user has come to expect. But Web spammers prey on unsuspecting users and undermine search engines by subverting search results to increase the visibility of their pages.
A Basic Notion in the Theory of Cognitive Systems

IN a previous communication1 a network was described which would resolve linear relations among continuous input signals. It was indicated that for times greater than the resolution time (for some intrinsic error criterion) this net could follow changing relations and thus, by means of other nets, one could observe the relations between relations and so on. The process described is essentially that of ascending a scale of logical types. To characterize this more generally, consider a binary time series y(t) of discrete time t. If this contains 2 r≤2m structures of length it can be described by a logical function: