cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for a hormonal control of digestion in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans Westwood: a study of the larva, pupa, and teneral adult fly.

Abstract The pattern of midgut proteolytic enzyme activity in the larva, pupa, and newly emerged adult is the same for field flies as for first- and second-generation laboratory-hatched and -reared flies. Enzyme activity ceases with the formation of the definitive pupa and begins again towards the end of the pharate adult stage. During the 24 hr following eclosion the midgut proleolytic enzyme activity increases almost threefold and, since there is no change in the quantity or position of the midgut contents throughout this period, the increase in enzyme activity is attributed to the inflation of the crop with air which normally aids in the expansion of the fly. Inflation of the crop is prevented by puncturing the ptilinum at emergence and this also prevents the increase in enzyme activity. The level of enzyme activity achieved in the normal fly is not affected by causing the newly emerged adult to crawl through sand before expansion, nor is it affected by increasing or decreasing its flight activity after expansion. By ligaturing the head from the thorax protease activity is slightly decreased below the level it had reached before the ligature was applied. However, enzyme activity is increased in the ligatured fly by injecting extracts of brains from normal flies into its thorax 3 hr before assay. Severing the ventral nerve cord between the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass prevents an increase of enzyme activity, but in many cases the operated controls also fail to increase their protease activity normally and this supports the view that tsetse flies are more sensitive to surgical interference than many other insects. For this reason it is not possible to assess the effect of the operation completely. The increase in enzyme activity in the teneral adult fly is best explained in terms of a neuroendocrine control of midgut proteolytic enzyme activity, mediated through the stomatogastric nervous system responding to the inflation of the crop with air during expansion and hardening.
Applicability of the Fermi golden rule and the possibility of low-field runaway transport in nitrides

We investigated electron transport characteristics of wide-band polar semi-conductors with intermediate strength of the electron–phonon interaction. Electron energy loss to the lattice was calculated as a function of electron velocity for various materials in the frameworks of (a) a perturbative approach based on the calculation of scattering rates from Fermi's golden rule and (b) a non-perturbative approach based on the path-integral formalism of Thornber and Feynman. Our results suggest that the standard perturbative treatment can be applied to GaN and AlN despite the relatively strong electron–phonon coupling in this material system, with intercollision times of the order of the period of the phonon oscillation. Our findings also indicate the possibility for unique long-distance runaway transport in nitrides which may occur at the pre-threshold electric fields. The polaron ground-state energy and effective masses are calculated for GaN and AlN as well as for GaAs and Al2O3. An expression for the Frohlich coupling constant for wurtzites is derived.
CS2 for an IS curriculum

In this paper, the elimination of the implementation of data structures from CS2 courses is discussed.
Sonographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Uterine Incarceration

We show the sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging features of uterine incarceration. Clinical data and imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed for 8 confirmed cases identified by sonography from 2000 to 2010. Two patients had magnetic resonance imaging. Seven of 8 patients (87.5%) presented with abdominal pain; 4 of 8 (50.0%) also had urinary symptoms. All had a retroverted uterus with an elongated anterosuperiorly displaced or poorly visualized cervix on sonography. Magnetic resonance imaging showed similar features, but in both cases, the placental position was misinterpreted because of severe uterine retroversion. Radiologists should be aware of this condition and its imaging features to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
Interstellar Glycolaldehyde: The First Sugar

Interstellar glycolaldehyde (CH OHCHO) has been detected in emission toward the Galactic center source 2 Sagittarius B2(N) by means of millimeter-wave rotational transitions. Glycolaldehyde is an important biomarker since it is structurally the simplest member of the monosaccharide sugars that heretofore have gone undetected in interstellar clouds. There is no consensus as to how any such large complex molecules are formed in the interstellar clouds. It may be that the typical environment of dense interstellar clouds is favorable to glycolaldehyde synthesis by means of the polymerization of formaldehyde (H CO) molecules either on grain surfaces or in the 2 gas phase. Alternatively, we speculate that glycolaldehyde and other complex molecules may undergo assembly from functional molecular groups on grain surfaces. Utilizing common chemical precursors, a chance process could account for the high degree of isomerism observed in complex interstellar molecules (e.g., methyl formate, acetic acid, and glycolaldehyde). This work suggests that the phenomenon of isomerism be investigated further as a means of potentially constraining interstellar chemistry routes for those individual sources where the condition of good source-beam coupling can be achieved.
Future space/ground link alternatives for the AFSCN

The mission of the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) is to support space vehicle telemetry, tracking, and control (TT&C) and mission data requirements. The paper investigates the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in order to determine whether or not it can support and/or augment AFSCN space/ground link connectivity.
New methods for measuring surface area, seed coat separation, and 'chip and scratch' damage in almonds

This study quantified partial seed coat loss from almond kernels. Basic physical properties of Nonpareil, Monterey, and Butte–Padre kernels were measured to determine which correlate to surface area, and could therefore predict it. Rehydrated almonds were manually peeled and images of seed coats were digitally analyzed. Surprisingly, individual dimensions (length, width, thickness) did not increase with increasing surface area, nor they did scale in proportion to one other. Almond surface area is often estimated from an equivalent sphere, but the sphere-based estimate only predicted 60% of the variation in measured surface area. An empirical model was created to predict surface area (r 2 = 0.74), based on the almond variety, as well as length, width, and mass after rehydration. By comparing the predicted total surface area and the measured surface area of any remaining seed coat, a quantitative percentage of lost seed coat can be calculated.
Postoperative annular pseudocyst: report of two cases with an unusual complication after microdiscectomy, and successful treatment by percutaneous aspiration and steroid injection.

Abstract Background context After microdiscectomy for extruded disc fragments, patients may develop recurrent symptoms from numerous causes. Postoperative annular pseudocysts represent a unique entity not previously described in the medical literature. Purpose To report unique imaging findings in two patients who presented with recurrent radiculopathic symptoms after microdiscectomy. To report successful percutaneous aspiration and steroid injection in one of these cases. Study design/setting Report of two cases. Methods Two patients underwent preoperative imaging with noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperative imaging with pre- and postcontrast MRI. One of these patients underwent therapeutic computed tomography (CT)-guided aspiration and injection. Results MRI demonstrated T2 hyperintense and enhancing collections, which conformed to the shape of the resected disc fragment and communicated with the disc annulus. One of these cases demonstrated enlargement over several months with worsening of symptoms. Aspiration of the lesion produced thick fluid. The patient experienced marked relief of symptoms after the aspiration and injection of steroid into the lesion. Conclusions The unique imaging findings in these patients represent a previously undescribed complication of microdiscectomy, which we have termed “postoperative annular pseudocyst.” We have successfully treated one case with CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and injection.
Structural analogs of lysergic acid.

Abstract In the course of work on the preparation of the sulfur isosters (I a ) of lysergic acid (I b ), a literature search was made for other analogs of lysergic acid to see what types of molecular modification had already been applied to this structure. The following review of the published studies on analogs of lysergic acid is the result of this search. Most of these analogs consist of partial structures of lysergic acid or derivatives thereof, in which one or more of the rings have been opened or dissected away to discover the smallest fragment of the polycyclic system that might retain biological activity. The analogs are discussed in structural categories rather than by biological activity groups.
Children's learning of number words in an indigenous farming-foraging group.

We show that children in the Tsimane’, a farming-foraging group in the Bolivian rain-forest, learn number words along a similar developmental trajectory to children from industrialized countries. Tsimane’ children successively acquire the first three or four number words before fully learning how counting works. However, their learning is substantially delayed relative to children from the United States, Russia, and Japan. The presence of a similar developmental trajectory likely indicates that the incremental stages of numerical knowledge – but not their timing — reflect a fundamental property of number concept acquisition which is relatively independent of language, culture, age, and early education.
Computer-assisted cognitive–behavior therapy for depression.

This article reviews the use of computer technology in treating depression as a substitute or adjunct for standard therapy. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of introducing computer technology as a treatment option, problems and barriers to expanded use, the varieties of computer-assisted psychotherapy for major depression, and relevant research. Three specific Internet-based programs are described, assessed and compared: Good Days Ahead, Beating the Blues, and MoodGYM. The authors conclude that these and similar programs are promising. Preliminary outcome studies suggest that these programs produce outcome similar to standard therapy, although methodological shortcomings limit confidence in these findings. Suggestions are offered for practitioners considering the addition of computer assistance to their treatment of depression.
The thermal stability of diamond-like carbon

Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a potential, low-cost substitute for diamond in certain applications, but little is known of the temperature range over which its desirable properties are retained. We have investigated the stability of DLC films at elevated temperature and high humidity using Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and thermal desorption analysis. Exposure to boiling water and a hot (225 °C), humid environment does not appear to affect the DLC structure. Thermal desorption analysis detected the onset of hydrogen evolution from DLC in vacuum at 260 °C. Raman spectra show the conversion from DLC to nano-crystalline graphite (“glassy” carbon) beginning at 300 °C in ambient air. Auger spectroscopy confirms the conversion of sp3-bonded carbon to sp2-bonded carbon above 300 °C. Conversion to nano-crystalline graphite is complete by 450–600 °C in air. The structure and properties of DLC films are expected to be retained up to temperatures of at least 260 °C.
Economics of an Information Intermediary with Aggregation Benefits

The widespread use of the Internet has led to the emergence of numerous information intermediaries that bring buyers and sellers together and leverage their knowledge of the marketplace to provide value-added services. Infomediaries offer matching services that facilitate establishment of a buyer-seller agreement, and value-added services that either provide a standalone benefit or enhance benefits from matching services. This paper develops and analyzes economic models of intermediaries to examine their pricing and product line design strategies. Intermediaries provide aggregation benefits: Buyers find an intermediary's service more valuable if it provides access to more sellers, and sellers value it more if it provides access to more buyers, but also when they compete with fewer sellers. Due to this unique combination of network effects, we find that an intermediary has stronger incentives to provide quality-differentiated versions of its service relative to other information goods sellers. When buyers have constant marginal valuations for service quality, the intermediary should offer only two levels of service. While it is optimal for the intermediary to offer two levels of service, increasing the quality of the low-level service reduces the intermediary's profits due to increased cannibalization of the premium service. Hence, the optimal menu consists of a basic matching service and a premium service that includes matching and value-added services. The intermediary's profits are larger when positive network effects are stronger, and lower when negative network effects are stronger.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity: A Critical Review

Cognitive neuroscience studies of creativity have appeared with increasing frequently in recent years. Yet to date, no comprehensive and critical review of these studies has yet been published. The first part of this article presents a quick overview of the 3 primary methodologies used by cognitive neuroscientists: electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The second part provides a comprehensive review of cognitive neuroscience studies of creativity-related cognitive processes. The third part critically examines these studies; the goal is to be extremely clear about exactly what interpretations can appropriately be made of these studies. The conclusion provides recommendations for future research collaborations between creativity researchers and cognitive neuroscientists.
An Integrated 3D Face-Expression Recognition Approach

Face recognition has been a focus in research for the last couple of decades because of its wide potential applications and its importance to meet the security needs of today's world. With the development of 3D imaging technology, 3D face recognition emerges as an alternative to overcome the difficulties inherent to 2D face recognition, i.e. sensitivity to illumination conditions and positions of a subject. But 3D face recognition still needs to tackle the problem of deformation of facial geometry that results from the expression changes of a subject. To deal with this issue, a 3D face recognition framework is proposed in this paper. It is composed of three subsystems: expression recognition system, expressional face recognition system and neutral face recognition system. A system for the recognition of faces with one type of expression (smile) and neutral faces was implemented and tested on a database of 30 subjects. The results proved the feasibility of this framework.
Higher Rates of Viral Suppression with Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Compared to Single Protease Inhibitors Are Not Explained by Better Adherence

AbstractBackground: Although evidence suggests that antiretroviral (ARV) regimens containing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are superior to single-protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens at suppressing viral load, it is unclear how much of the improved viral suppression is due to intrinsic drug potency versus higher levels of adherence to simpler regimens. We therefore examined adherence and viral suppression in NNRTI and single-PI regimens in a cohort of largely ARV-experienced participants by using objective measures of adherence. Method: Participants were recruited from the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless (REACH) Cohort and were included in the study if they were on single-PI-based or NNRTI-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens for at least 3 months prior to study entry. Adherence was measured by unannounced pill counts at the participant's usual place of residence. The primary outcome was suppression of HIV viral RNA to <50 copies/mL. Results: A...
Benzo[e]pyrene elicits changes in the biochemical activities and chromatographic behavior of murine hepatic cytochromes P-450 that are distinct from those induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The objective of this study was to examine the potential for a specific ligand of carcinogen binding protein (CBP) to induce changes in the overall character of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 (P450) and to compare potential changes with those induced by an Ah receptor ligand. Benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) was previously shown to bind CBP with high affinity and Ah receptor with low affinity. In contrast, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) binds Ah receptor avidly and CBP weakly. Hepatic microsomes were prepared from C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice treated with corn oil, BeP or TCDD. Relative to corn oil controls, pretreatment of B6 mice with BeP or TCDD increased the nmol P450/mg microsomal protein content 26 and 28%, respectively. In D2 mice, nmol P450/mg microsomal protein was increased 23% in the BeP pretreatment, while TCDD pretreatment had no effect relative to the corn oil controls. For the O-alkyl ethers of resorufin, rates of metabolism (per nmol P450) were affected differently in B6 and D2 by BeP pretreatment. Pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity was reduced to 44% of control activity in B6 mice and increased 39% relative to controls in D2 mice. BeP pretreatment had no effect on ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity in B6 mice, while this activity was decreased to 58% of controls in D2 mice. Additionally, benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity was reduced to 65% of control levels in B6 mice and not affected in D2 mice. Methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity was reduced in both strains to an average of 55% of control values. As expected, TCDD pretreatment resulted in increases of all O-dealkylations measured in both strains of mouse. For both inbred strains of mouse, anion exchange chromatography revealed a P450 peak associated with BeP pretreatment that was not present in chromatograms generated with corn oil or TCDD pretreatments. Results of enzyme linked immunosorbant assays also indicated that the pattern of P450 isoenzyme expression associated with BeP pretreatment was distinct from that associated with TCDD pretreatment. Overall, these data show that treatment with a specific ligand of CBP induces changes the biochemical activities and chromatographic behavior of P450 isozymes in murine hepatic microsomes. Moreover, they indicate that changes in P450 occurring after treatment with a CBP ligand are distinct from those changes that are associated with treatment with an Ah receptor ligand (TCDD). Differences between B6 and D2 strains suggest that the hepatic P450 changes occurring in response to pretreatment with a CBP ligand may be influenced by the presence of Ah receptor.
Collector vertical scaling and performance tradeoffs in 300 GHz SiGe HBTs

This study investigates the impact of the collector vertical scaling on the tradeoff between f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ with SiGe HBTs of /spl sim/300 GHz performance. We further proceed to discuss its impact on the avalanche breakdown behavior of the devices. It is observed that the selectively implanted collector (SIC) dose variation affects f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ in opposite directions, in 300 GHz SiGe HBTs, which can be exploited to selectively optimize the devices for either f/sub T/ or f/sub max/ depending on the requirement from a given application. This trend also indicates, along with the observed SIC dose dependence of the breakdown voltages, that the traditional speed-breakdown voltage (BV) tradeoff is valid for f/sub T/-BV, but not necessarily for f/sub max/-BV.
Closed-loop stability of systems driven by real-time, dynamic optimization algorithms

The receding horizon control (RHC) scheme uses online optimization to find a finite-horizon control input to a constrained dynamic system. This paper examines the relationship between the optimization algorithm and the closed-loop dynamic system in RHC. Past research on RHC has assumed that the optimization algorithm provides an optimal solution in a fixed time interval. Since RHC typically employs quadratic programming, which is usually solved only approximately, this presupposition is not valid. Instead of making the traditional optimality assumption, this paper supposes that the provided solutions are only suboptimal. A sufficient condition is derived for closed-loop stability given control sequences which are optimal with tolerance /spl epsiv/. Also, a bound is derived for the number of computations to find an /spl epsiv/-optimal solution from a warm start using an interior-point method. As long as this number of computations can be carried out in less than the time step of the dynamic system, the closed-loop is guaranteed to be stable.
Changes in STIM1 Interactions during Activation of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry Monitored by FRET

Oligomerization of STIM1 and co-clustering with the Ca2+ channel protein, Orai1, at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions activates Ca2+ influx known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) that is associated with visible puncta formed in the plane of the PM. Current information suggests that STIM1 in the resting state is minimally dimeric due to interactions between cytoplasmic CRAC activation domain (CAD) segments. We previously identified a basic sequence inside CAD responsible for activation of Orai1, and an acidic inhibitory region flanking CAD that controls a conformation change during activation. In recent studies we developed a fluorimetry-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method to monitor STIM1 oligomerization, both at the luminal (N-terminal) side, as well as at the cytoplasmic (C-terminal) side of STIM1, and we probed these interactions with mutations in STIM1 that are tagged with fluorescent protein reporterss. We found significant differences in stimulated FRET during Ca2+ store depletion depending on where the fluorescent proteins were placed: N-terminally tagged STIM1s exhibits stronger stimulated FRET than C-terminally tagged derivatives. Co-expressing untagged Orai1 largely eliminates stimulated FRET between C-terminally-tagged STIM1, but does not reduce stimulated FRET at the luminal side. Functional coupling between AcGFP-Orai1 and STIM-mApple can be monitored either by FRET or by Ca2+ influx using the Ca2+ sensor GCaMP3. Sequential truncations of STIM1 from the C-terminus support a role for CAD as a oligomer-promoting part of STIM1. Our FRET results showing nanometer-scale re-arrangements of STIM1 oligomers during activation provide a higher resolution picture that is distinctive from micrometer scale clustering that is visualized as puncta formation.
Insect evolution: How the fruit fly changed (some of) its spots

Abstract Recent results show that the establishment of wing melanization patterns in Drosophila depends on the veins. While several genes have been shown to play a role in melanization, changes in a single gene — the one encoding tyrosine hydroxylase — are sufficient to generate novel pigmentation patterns.
Fundamentals of packet multiple access for satellite networks

The fundamental objectives which guide the design of a packet multiple-access technique for satellite networks with large numbers of earth stations are explained. Among these objectives are low peak power in the transmitters, low average power from the satellite transponder, high channel capacity, and low complexity of the multiple-access receiver. The author reviews the fundamentals of satellite packet multiple access and relates these fundamentals to the objectives listed. Code division multiple-access (CDMA) and ALOHA multiple access are described in terms of these fundamentals. A simple linear transformation of conventional ALOHA access, called spread ALOHA, is described. For the case of a low signal-to-noise ratio in the receiver and a low duty cycle of individual and identical transmitters, it is not possible to find a multiple-access method at the same average power and are the same bandwidth which is more efficient than spread ALOHA. >
Depression treatment and short-term healthcare expenditures among elderly Medicare beneficiaries with chronic physical conditions.

Research on the impact of depression treatment on expenditures is nascent and shows results that vary from negative associations with healthcare expenditures to increased expenditures. However many of these studies did not include psychotherapy as part of the depression treatment. None of these studies included “no treatment” as a comparison group. In addition, no study has included a broad group of chronic physical conditions in studying depression treatment expenditures. We determined the association between depression treatment and short-term healthcare expenditures using a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries with chronic physical conditions and depression. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the association between depression treatment in the baseline year and healthcare expenditures in the following year using data from 2000 through 2005 of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries. Using the rotating panel design of MCBS, we derived five two-year cohorts: 2000–2001, 2001–2002, 2002–2003, 2003–2004, and 2004–2005. The study sample included 1,055 elderly Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 or over. We compared healthcare expenditures of no depression treatment group with depression treatment groups using t-tests. Linear regressions of log-transformed dollars were used to assess the relationship between depression treatment and healthcare expenditures after controlling for demographic, socio-economic, health status, lifestyle risk factors, year of observation and baseline expenditures. Compared to no depression treatment ($16,795), the average total expenditures were higher for those who used antidepressants only ($17,425) and those who used psychotherapy with or without antidepressants ($19,733). After controlling for the independent variables, antidepressant use and psychotherapy with or without antidepressants were associated with 20.2% (95% CI: 14.1-26.7%) and 29.4% (95% CI: 18.8-41.0%) increase in total expenditures, respectively. We observed that depression treatment was positively associated with inpatient, medical provider and prescription drug expenditures. Among the elderly Medicare beneficiaries with chronic physical conditions, depression treatment was associated with greater short-term healthcare expenditures. Future research needs to replicate these findings and also examine whether depression treatment reduces expenditures over a longer period of time.
Parsing abnormal grain growth

Abstract Abnormal grain growth, the enlargement of a minority of grains in a polycrystal at the expense of the surrounding grains, occurs in both metallic and ceramic materials and can have a profound impact on their mechanical and electrical properties. Somewhat surprisingly then, there is little consensus as to which specific microstructural features provide a signature of abnormal growth. Indeed, some workers describe this phenomenon in terms of a bimodal grain size distribution, often without justification, while others focus on very few, elongated grains. Using specialty alumina (i.e., high-purity aluminum oxide with tailored impurity composition) as our prototype, we describe here a set of practical maps and metrics that are useful in quantifying various microstructural features that are associated with abnormal grain growth. These maps provide a visual “fingerprint” of abnormal growth, while the metrics permit the design of processing routes to obtain desired microstructures. We then present an application of correlation analysis that illustrates the efficacy of data analytics in quantifying which input (i.e., processing) variables exert the strongest influence on abnormal grain growth. Finally, we outline the use of this methodology to examine correlations among processing variables and the thermomechanical and kinetic properties of materials (e.g., strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, etc.).
ACCIDENTAL POISONING IN CHILDHOOD.

Information furnished by the poison control centers makes it possible to attack the problem of accidental poisoning in childhood more specifically. Education of parents in regard to potentially toxic substances should begin at the same time as immunization against the preventable infectious diseases and can be just as effective. The danger is greatest in the one to three year age group.Medications rank first among substances causing poisoning; aspirin is the chief offender, and tranquilizers have overtaken barbiturates for second place. Stricter laws governing the labeling of potentially toxic products are not the entire answer.
A Search for GUT Monopoles with a Single Thick Scintillator at Sea Level

Experimental searches for magnetic monopoles have proliferated in recent years due to the prediction of certain Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) that monopoles should exist and be extremely massive (M ≳ 1016 GeV/c2). In contrast to monopoles of much lower mass, GUT monopoles are expected to be moving at very low speeds1 (V ∼ 10−3c) and to have a greatly reduced rate of energy loss.2 The possibility that a large reservoir of low velocity monopoles may have gone undetected has provided a challenge to experimentalists to devise new methods of detecting slow particles. Many experimenters have employed direct methods that rely only on the electromagnetic interactions of monopoles. Superconducting loop detectors, ionization detectors and various detectors based on excitation, such as scintillators, fall into this category. Of these, superconducting loop detectors are unique in that they respond to monopoles of arbitrary velocity. Several indirect techniques have been used to set impressive limits on the monopole flux. These techniques, however, often require additional assumptions regarding the velocity, charge state and the interactions of monopoles with nuclei that complicate the problem of setting hard limits on the monopole flux. For example, limits3–4 based on the Callan-Rubakov effect5 require that baryon number is not strictly conserved, an assumption that has yet to be experimentally verified.6 If monopoles do not catalyze baryon decay, then stable bound states of monopoles with nuclei may exist7, 8 and monopoles traversing the earth may pick up abundant heavy nuclei such as Al or Mn which have large magnetic moments. Such composites can be detected by tracks left in ancient mica9 or may have sufficient energy loss to stop in the earth and be detected in stable matter searches. It is possible, however, that monopoles may capture a proton in interstellar space via an Auger mechanism8 or by ordinary radiative capture in the early Universe.10 If monopoles are accompanied by a positive electric charge then Coulomb repulsion may prevent the capture of heavy nuclei and searches which depend on the enhanced stopping power of such composites may be nullified. The problem with all the indirect searches is that so many loopholes exist that it is unlikely that any will be strong enough to provide compelling evidence against monopoles. In view of the above difficulties, it seems preferable to search for monopoles with a detector which relies on as few assumptions as possible and which is sensitive to monopoles having velocities and magnetic and electric charges within a reasonable band of expected values.
DNA Polymerase β Lyase Inhibitors from Maytenus putterlickoides

During a survey of plant secondary metabolites for DNA polymerase β lyase inhibitors, we found that a crude methyl ethyl ketone extract prepared from Maytenus putterlickoides showed strong inhibition of the lyase activity of DNA polymerase β in an in vitro assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract, using an in vitro assay, resulted in the discovery of a new active principle, 30-(4‘-hydroxybenzoyloxy)-11α-hydroxylupane-20(29)-en-3-one (1), as well as a known compound, (−)-epicatechin (2). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited DNA polymerase β lyase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 62.8 and 18.5 μM, respectively. Compound 2 was capable of potentiating the action of the monofunctional methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate in cultured human cancer cells, consistent with the possible utility of inhibitors of this type in vivo.
Security of electrostatic field persistent routing

Electrostatic field-based routing (EFR) is a form of geographical multi-path routing where packets are routed along (a collection of) paths corresponding to electrostatic field lines defined by the charges associated with source and sink nodes. Ideally, EFR provides an efficient and scalable solution to the workload balancing problem, thereby promoting a more even depletion of the energy resources among the participating sensors. However, in addition to not being adaptable to the realistic settings that consider the actual nodes' locations, it also assumes that nodes behave in a cooperative manner. This, in turn, renders it vulnerable to various attacks.In this article, we investigate the security aspects of EFR-based routing protocols, focusing on an instance of EFR called multi-pole field persistent routing (MP-FPR). While advancing the naive EFR in terms of the better location-awareness energy balancing, MP-FPR is still susceptible to the same family of attacks. We provide systematic identification of the attacks that can target different components of the protocol, and propose an extended variant, secure multi-pole field persistent routing (SMP-FPR) which incorporates a collection of defense mechanisms. We present extensive experimental evaluations of the impact of the different attacks and the effectiveness of the proposed defense mechanisms.
Evidence of Possible Occurrence of Anaphylactic Phenomena in Poliomyelitis Immune Monkeys.

In connection with a series of experiments whereby monkeys are injected intrasplenically with poliomyelitis virus and subsequently develop an appreciable immunity, my attention has been drawn to a phenomenon which may be evidence of an anaphylactic reaction.Monkeys convalescent from an experimental infection and therefore immune, monkeys experimentally immunized, and a small group of monkeys proving naturally immune, if injected intrasplenically or intraperitoneally with virus will invariably die. Death may be either sudden while injection is still in progress or may follow the injection by some days when the intervening period is characterized by increasing weakness. Sudden death is usually seen when the virus is administered intrasplenically and the lingering one is typical of the intraperitoneal administration.This reaction has only been observed after 47 days or more have elapsed since immunization was commenced or the abortive infection occurred. Immediate death has always taken place while the anima...
Intermittent pneumatic sequential compression (ISC) of the lower extremities prevents venous stasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective randomized study.

Background: Fifty patients were included in a prospective randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent sequential compression (ISC) of the lower extremities in preventing venous stasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Chaucer and the Ovide Moralisé—A Further Study

The indebtedness of Chaucer's Legend of Philomela to the Ovide Moralise for details not to be found in the Metamorphoses was established more than a decade ago by Professor Lowes. Observing, further, in the Legend of Ariadne and in the short account of her abandonment by Theseus in the Hous of Fame (405–426) the strong resemblances to Machaut's resume of Theseus' “fals jape” in the Jugement dou Roy de Navarre, Lowes suggested that these likenesses might also be due, wholly or in part, to a common use of Machaut's favorite source, the Ovide Moralise, although as the pertinent part of the text of the Ovide Moralise was still unpublished, he was unable to verify his conjecture. Recently Professor Shannon, without examining the history of Ariadne in the French version of the Metamorphoses, has somewhat rashly rejected Professor Lowes's theory, and declared that Boccaccio's De Genealogia Deorum is the only source aside from Ovid himself which Chaucer used for his stories of the heroine. In the course of a general examination of the influence upon Chaucer of the Ovide Moralise —made upon de Boer's edition and upon a manuscript of the complete text—I have found that Lowes's hypothesis is sound, while the instances of the impress of Boccaccio's mythology cited by Shannon appear uniformly weak.
Ideas for Expanding Agricultural Functions in Hunan

Through establishing scientific guiding ideology and principle and reasonable index system for zoning of agricultural functions,clustering analysis and Delphi method is used to divide 122 counties(cities,districts) in Hunan into 4 major function-leading zones: agricultural products supply function-leading zone in hilly basin and Dongting Lake plain;life safeguard function-leading zone in hilly area;ecological regulation function-leading zone in the upstreams of "four dominant water systems"-Nanling Mountains;culture heritage and recreation and sightseeing function-leading zone in suburbs.The localization,extension direction and practical path of each function leading zone are expounded,in addition,measures for coordinated development of each function-leading zone are established.
Overweight and obesity prevalence rates among youth in the Carolinas.

Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns in the United States, reaching epidemic proportions among adults and children in recent years. According to the most recent national surveys, American adults have experienced a 50% increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Moreover, an alarming 100% increase has been observed among children and adolescents since the 1970s. To assess the status of overweight and obesity prevalence among youth in the Carolinas, weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences were monitored during routine cholesterol screenings among 11- to 14-year-olds in two school districts. Of the twelve hundred students screened, 32.4% percent were overweight and 16.4% were obese, exceeding national averages of 22% and 11%, respectively. The overweight and obesity prevalence rates were even more dramatic when broken down by gender and ethnic/racial groups. For instance, 54% of black girls and 45% of black boys were overweight, and better than half of these students were obese. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates among black girls were nearly twice the rates observed for white girls. Ethnic differences in percentage of overweight and obese boys were not as great as those observed among girls. A number of factors may contribute to the unprecedented levels of overweight and obesity observed among American youth, including physical inactivity, poor nutritional habits (i.e., high-fat meals and snacks, and super-sizing), economic, and social factors. Consequently, the coordinated efforts of physicians, school nurses, teachers, parents, and students will be necessary to effectively address the growing problem of childhood obesity.
Decision and Choice: Paradoxes of Choice

Paradoxes of choice are cases where people systematically violate descriptive theory. In the days of classical paradoxes, it was thought that a description of human choice would also be rational. Modern paradoxes are elegantly clear, systematic contradictions between human choices and descriptive theory, which may or may not be deemed rational. Choices that seem paradoxical from the viewpoint of old theories are explained by newer theory. The St Petersburg paradox, in which people prefer a small sum of money rather than play a gamble with infinite expected value, was explained in 1738 by Daniel Bernoulli, who theorized that utility of money is nonlinear. The paradoxes of Allais and Ellsberg showed that human choices do not conform to expected utility or subjective expected utility theory. Rank-dependent expected utility theory could describe the Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes. Birnbaum developed new paradoxes that refute rank-dependent expected utility theory as descriptive of human choice.
Thermal optimization of embedded thermoelectric generators in refractory furnaces

Industrial energy consumption represents a large part of the energy flow in the United States and it would probably be similar in many other countries. Coal or gas fired furnaces are a major component of the energy consumption to supply high temperatures. Refractory wall is indispensable along the furnace pathway designed for melting or processing materials. Unfortunately, more than a fraction of the input energy diffuses across the refractory wall due to the high temperatures and the waste heat is dumped to the ambient. Thermoelectric power generator (TEG) has an ultra low profile and is widely scalable with arraying the modules. This configuration is matched very well with the requirement of harvesting energy from the waste heat through the refractory wall without any design change of the current furnaces. We propose a simple water-cooled TEG system replacing a fraction of the refractory wall thickness while maintaining the melt temperature and the heat flux would be the same as the current refractory wall with passive air cooling. Design optimization is conducted, trading-off the TEG module thickness and the furnace wall thickness maximizing the power output while maintaining the above heat flux. We will present a quantitative analysis based on an example of the conventional fire ports that produce furnace gases at a temperature of 1500 °C. The furnace is designed for melting glass pellets and maintaining the temperature of melt glass at 1000 °C in a pool. A facility with 500 ton/day capacity is modeled. There are four fire ports and 54 cm thick aluminum-zirconia-silica (AZS) refractory wall around the ports. The thermal optimization is conducted considering the design of TEG matched to desired heat flux of approximately 10 kW/m2. As shown in our earlier work, the TEG design with a smaller TE element fill factor down to 10% or below, will provide the most cost effective power generation. Interestingly, the additional material cost for the optimum TEG with 10% fill factor and a copper cold plate is much less expensive compared to the cost needed for the AZS refractory wall material that it is replacing. When the remaining thickness of the refractory wall is 25 cm, the power generation from TEG is 1.72 kW/m2 while maintaining the same heat flux. The total power output from the all four fire ports can be 66.1 kW and the cost for the TEG module is estimated to be $0.5 per Watt based on demonstrated robust high temperature TE material.
Shaping the Therapeutic Contact

The grand strategy of psychotherapy for the psychotic deviation is for the therapist to form and progressively improve a parent-like relationship to the client and to use this relationship over an extended period of time to encourage the client to form and maintain relationships with other authority figures and peers. The strategy follows the pattern of the mother in normal development. The therapist is not a parent of the clients and nothing should imply that he is, but like the mother he must make a bridge between his clients and other people. He must provide encouragement and rewards and opportunities for such relationships. In the psychotic deviation the mother has not only failed to provide this essential stimulation for growth but has actively opposed and destroyed the child’s efforts to relate himself to other people. It is only in the sense of providing this essential stimulation for growth that the therapist’s role is parallel to that of the parent. In other regards it is distinctly different, and the differences must be built into the limitations of the relationship.
Bone Marrow Arteriolar Niches Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence

Abstract Abstract 638 A prevailing idea suggests that quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside near osteoblasts in the bone marrow (BM) whereas actively cycling HSCs are found near sinusoids. However, this idea is not been proven experimentally. Our recent studies have identified Nestin+ perivascular cells containing all BM mesenchymal stem cell activity as a candidate HSC niche cell (Nature 2010;466:829). To gain more insight in the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the HSC niche, we have established a novel whole-mount immunofluorescence imaging technique in which the 3D spatial relationships between vascular structures and endogenous CD150+CD48−CD41−Lineage− HSCs in the sternal or femoral BM can be precisely determined. Our imaging analyses in both bone types revealed a prominent sinusoidal network interrupted by rare small caliber (∼10μm) arterioles whose identity was confirmed by staining with artery-specific Alexa Fluor 633 (Nat Methods 2012;9:273) or Sca-1 (Cell Stem Cell 2009;4:263). 3D analyses using Nes-GFP transgenic mice showed two distinct types of Nestin+ cells associated with distinct vascular structures: Nes-GFPbright cells exhibiting a pericyte-like morphology were tightly associated with arterioles (referred to as periarteriolar Nestin (Nesperi) cells) whereas more abundant Nes-GFPdim cells exhibiting a reticular shape (Nesretic cells) were largely associated with sinusoids. We sorted Nesperi and Nesretic cells based on GFP expression and cell size for further characterization. Nesperi cells were very rare (∼0.002% of BM) and expressed ∼3-fold and 10–50-fold higher levels of genes associated with HSC maintenance and retention (Cxcl12, Kitl, Angpt1, Vcam1) compared to Nesretic cells and Nes-GFPneg CD45−CD31−Ter119− stromal cells, respectively. These factors were down-regulated after G-CSF stimulation in Nesperi cells but not in Nesretic cells, which led us to hypothesize that Nesperi cells played an important role in HSC maintenance. We examined the spatial correlation between endogenous HSCs and Nesperi cells by whole-mount immunostaining and found that 38.6 ± 2.9% and 54.9 ± 6.8% of HSCs were localized within 20μm and 40μm distance from Nesperi cells, respectively. After G-CSF treatment, HSCs entered cell cycle (control/G-CSF; 86.8 ± 2.6%/52.2 ± 3.8% in G0, as defined by Ki67 and Hoechst 33342 staining, p=0.002) and expanded around Nesperi cells (control/G-CSF; 34.3 ± 1.0%/48.2 ± 1.6% in 0–20μm proximity, p 80μm distance, p 80μm distance, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Transport of Steroids in Soil Under Field Conditions

Although the behavior of soils in batch experiments has been extensively described, there is little field work on actual soils. After amendment with animal manures, nearly all of the estrogen is found bound to the topsoil. In contrast, testo­sterone readily penetrates the vadose zone and reaches the groundwater. However, in some situations like water saturated soils or karst formation, estrogen also can reach the groundwater.
Hodge Decomposition Methods for a Quad-Curl Problem on Planar Domains

We develop and analyze $$P_k$$ Lagrange finite element methods for a quad-curl problem on planar domains that is based on the Hodge decomposition of divergence-free vector fields. Numerical results that illustrate the performance of the finite element methods are also presented.