cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No beer, no way! Football fan identity enactment won't mix with Muslim beliefs in the Qatar 2022 World Cup

Awarding the 2022 FIFA World Cup to Qatar was a bold move involving many firsts: the first Islamic nation to host the Cup, the first Arab nation, and the first desert nation are to name a few. Controversy quickly swirled around the decision, with allegations of bribery, treatment of migrant workers, and restrictions on alcohol availability among other dominating news stories. Assuming the immediate concerns regarding significant safety issues for the laborers are addressed, Qatar must develop a plan for alcohol availability at matches, a FIFA requirement. Use of alcohol is especially a troubling issue for Muslims, who may be deeply offended if they are in the vicinity of alcohol. The recent development in Qatar must be appreciated to contextualize the belief system that drives governmental alcohol policy as they highlight significant contradictions. Additionally, the use of public spaces is quite different for alcohol-consuming fans and Muslim fans. Qatari officials have indicated they will have fans’ zon...
An Involvement Explanation for Nostalgia Advertising Effects

This study seeks to offer additional insights regarding why positive “nostalgia effects” in advertising may be observed, that is, why nostalgic ads tend to elicit more favorable consumer responses than do non-nostalgic ads. Using the personal relevance component of advertising involvement as a theoretical foundation, the study supports hypothesized expectations that nostalgic ads are capable of inducing greater levels of self-reflection and advertising involvement. Furthermore, hypothesized effects were shown to be more pronounced when a “personal” nostalgia-themed ad (eliciting “a yearning for a realized, lived past”) was used, as opposed to when an “historical” nostalgia-themed ad (eliciting “a yearning for a distant past, never experienced”) was used. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research are offered.
New least-square algorithms

New algorithms are presented for approximating the minimum of the sum of squares ofM real and differentiable functions over anN-dimensional space. These algorithms update estimates for the location of a minimum after each one of the functions and its first derivatives are evaluated, in contrast with other least-square algorithms which evaluate allM functions and their derivatives at one point before using any of this information to make an update. These new algorithms give estimates which fluctuate about a minimum rather than converging to it. For many least-square problems, they give an adequate approximation for the solution more quickly than do other algorithms.
Development and evaluation of an extra chromosomal DNA-based PCR test for diagnosing bovine babesiosis.

Abstract Subclinical infections of bovine babesiosis, caused primarily by Babesia bigemina or Babesia bovis are a challenge to current diagnostic methods. In this study, the development and evaluation of a PCR test for sensitive and specific detection of B. bigemina or B. bovis is described. The target selected for amplification is part of the apocytochrome b gene, conserved in both Babesia spp. and located on the linear ∼6·0 kb extra chromosomal DNA. The test was evaluated to detect the parasites over a period of 5 ( B. bigemina ) and 10 months ( B. bovis ) post infection in experimentally infected cattle. Analysis of DNA extracted from blood samples drawn from the experimental cattle in a blind study revealed an overall sensitivity of 85 and 64% for B. bovis and B. bigemina respectively, while the specificity was 97% for B. bovis and 91% for B. bigemina . The test results were compared with the recently developed ribosomal DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and to the complement fixation test for both Babesia spp. The extra chromosomal DNA-based test was 20% more sensitive than that of ribosomal DNA-based tests. This test may be a more desirable alternative to the currently used, complement fixation test.
Absence of binocular coding in striate cortex units of Siamese cats

Abstract Recordings have been made from 213 striate cortex units in esotropic and orthophoric adult Siamese cats. In the esotropes, these units had their retinal receptive fields distributed from 15° nasal to 30° temporal from the optic disc center; whereas, of the orthophorics, the units' receptive fields were largely (70 per cent) located within the area centralis. No units were found to have receptive fields in both eyes, and none were found which had receptive fields in the ipsilateral eye. The results are interpreted as being inconsistent with the notion that central binocular neural coding anomalies necessarily lead to squint.
Electronic structure of Fibonacci copolymers and superlattices

Abstract The electronic spectrum of quasi-one-dimensional Fibonacci copolymers has been calculated numerically for a realistic valence band-conduction band situation. It is shown that the density-of-states of a n -th generation Fibonacci quantum well structure can be interpreted as a superposition of the spectra of two periodic superlattices of F n −2 ( A 2 B ) and F n −3 ( AB ) segments. The ratio of the peak intensity in the band gap discontinuity regions is given by the golden mean τ. Absorption spectrum and negative conductance measurements are proposed.
Neogene Contraction between the San Andreas Fault and the Santa Clara Valley, San Francisco Bay Region, California

In the southern San Francisco Bay region of California, oblique dextral reverse faults that verge northeastward from the San Andreas fault experienced triggered slip during the 1989 M7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. The role of these range-front thrusts in the evolution of the San Andreas fault system and the future seismic hazard that they may pose to the urban Santa Clara Valley are poorly understood. Based on recent geologic mapping and geophysical investigations, we propose that the range-front thrust system evolved in conjunction with development of the San Andreas fault system. In the early Miocene, the region was dominated by a system of northwestwardly propagating, basin-bounding, transtensional faults. Beginning as early as middle Miocene time, however, the transtensional faulting was superseded by transpressional NE-stepping thrust and reverse faults of the range-front thrust system. Age constraints on the thrust faults indicate that the locus of contraction has focused on the Monte Vista, Shannon, a...
Kinetic Theory of Sound Propagation in a Dissociating Gas

The effects on the propagation of sound of dissociation and recombination in a diatomic gas are discussed on the basis of kinetic theory for such a gas. A perturbation theory is used in which the perturbation incorporates the collision kinetic theory reactions and the convective term in the Boltzmann equation. Consequently the sound frequency need not be small relative to the reaction rate, so the results describe the transition between slow and fast reaction regimes.
Mechanisms of autoinhibition and STI-571/imatinib resistance revealed by mutagenesis of BCR-ABL

The Bcr-Abl fusion protein kinase causes chronic myeloid leukemia and is targeted by the signal transduction inhibitor STI-571/Gleevec/imatinib (STI-571). Sequencing of the BCR-ABL gene in patients who have relapsed after STI-571 chemotherapy has revealed a limited set of kinase domain mutations that mediate drug resistance. To obtain a more comprehensive survey of the amino acid substitutions that confer STI-571 resistance, we performed an in vitro screen of randomly mutagenized BCR-ABL and recovered all of the major mutations previously identified in patients and numerous others that illuminate novel mechanisms of acquired drug resistance. Structural modeling implies that a novel class of variants acts allosterically to destabilize the autoinhibited conformation of the ABL kinase to which STI-571 preferentially binds. This screening strategy is a paradigm applicable to a growing list of target-directed anti-cancer agents and provides a means of anticipating the drug-resistant amino acid substitutions that are likely to be clinically problematic.
Picosecond infrared generation from Nd: YAG and a visible, short cavity dye laser

Abstract We report efficient infrared conversion of picosecond, visible dye laser pulses and picosecond 1.064 μm by a sequence of difference frequency generations in LiIO 3 and AgGaS 2 crystals. The dye laser was a short cavity design and was pumped by the second harmonic of a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser to give 23 ps pulses. The design can span 4–11 μm in the infrared, and we tested the efficiencies between 5.2–6.4 μm with a single dye. Conversion efficiencies of the dye laser were 16%, while the resulting near infrared was converted to infrared at 35% efficiency.
Out-of-pocket costs for long-term care

How much do users of long-term care in Canada, the United Kingdom and Sweden pay for those services?
Clinical Experiences with Hypnosis in Psychiatric Therapy

(1965). Clinical Experiences with Hypnosis in Psychiatric Therapy. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 190-206.
The space-weather enterprise: past, present, and future

Abstract Space-weather impacts society in diverse ways. Societies’ responses have been correspondingly diverse. Taken together these responses constitute a space weather “enterprise”, which has developed over time and continues to develop. Technological systems that space-weather affects have grown from isolated telegraph systems in the 1840s to ocean and continent-spanning cable communications systems, from a generator electrifying a few city blocks in the 1880s to continent-spanning networks of high-tension lines, from wireless telegraphy in the 1890s to globe-spanning communication by radio and satellites. To have a name for the global totality of technological systems that are vulnerable to space weather, I suggest calling it the cyberelectrosphere . When the cyberelectrosphere was young, scientists who study space weather, engineers who design systems that space weather affects, and operators of such systems — the personnel behind the space-weather enterprise — were relatively isolated. The space-weather enterprise was correspondingly incoherent. Now that the cyberelectrosphere has become pervasive and indispensable to most segments of society, the space weather enterprise has become systematic and coherent. At present it has achieved considerable momentum, but it has barely begun to realize the level of effectiveness to which it can aspire, as evidenced by achievements of a corresponding but more mature enterprise in meteorology, a field which provides useful lessons. The space-weather enterprise will enter a new phase after it matures roughly to where the tropospheric weather enterprise is now. Then it will become indispensable for humankind's further global networking through technology and for humankind's further utilization of and expansion into space.
Ditching and Ditch-Plugging in New England Salt Marshes: Effects on Hydrology, Elevation, and Soil Characteristics

Anthropogenic activities in New England salt marshes have altered hydrologic flows in various ways, but unintended consequences from some types of habitat modifications have received little attention. Specifically, ditches have existed on salt marshes for decades, but the effects of these hydrologic alterations are only poorly understood. Ditch-plugging is a more recent methodology used for salt marsh habitat enhancement and mosquito control, but the long-term effects from this management practice are also unclear. The interactions involving marsh surface elevation, soil characteristics, and hydrologic regimes result in feedbacks that regulate the salt marsh self-maintenance process, and these interactions vary with hydrologic modification. Using natural tidal creeks and pools as controls, we examined the effects of ditching and plugging, respectively, on hydrology, surface elevations, and soils. Results showed the most apparent effects of altered hydrology from ditching are prolonged pore-water retention in the rooting zone and significantly lower soil bulk density and mineral content when compared with natural creek habitat. From a management perspective, the important question is whether the combined alterations to physical and biological processes will hinder the marsh’s ability to keep pace with increasing rates of sea level rise, especially in more heavily ditched marshes. In contrast, ditch-plugging results in the decoupling of feedback processes that promote salt marsh self-maintenance and in doing so, threatens marsh stability and resilience to climate change. High surface water levels, permanently saturated soils, marsh subsidence, and significantly lower bulk density, carbon storage, soil strength, and redox levels associated with hydrologic alterations from ditch-plugging all support this conclusion.
Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Stimulated in Culture

Since cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is critical for host defenses against the encapsulated fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, the production of human antifungal effector cells as a consequence of the CMI response was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in culture with killed C. neoformans. Stimulated (but not unstimulated) PBMC killed a subsequent inoculum of live encapsulated organisms, with maximal killing seen after 3-7 days. Killing required the presence of both adherent and nonadherent stimulated PBMC and was enhanced by anticapsular antibody. In contrast, unstimulated PBMC and the adherent fraction of stimulated PBMC killed an isogenic acapsular strain of C. neoformans. These data suggest that the CMI response controls cryptococcosis by eliciting two populations of fungicidal cells acting synergistically. Moreover, capsule, by thwarting the ability of unstimulated PBMC to kill C. neoformans, seems to obligate the host to mount an immune response to generate fungicidal cells.
A multi-axial, multimechanism based constitutive model for the comprehensive representation of the evolutionary response of SMAs under general thermomechanical loading conditions

Abstract We present a fully general, three dimensional , constitutive model for Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), aimed at describing all of the salient features of SMA evolutionary response under complex thermomechanical loading conditions. In this, we utilize the mathematical formulation we have constructed, along with a single set of the model’s material parameters, to demonstrate the capturing of numerous responses that are experimentally observed in the available SMA literature. This includes uniaxial, multi-axial, proportional, non-proportional, monotonic, cyclic, as well as other complex thermomechanical loading conditions, in conjunction with a wide range of temperature variations. The success of the presented model is mainly attributed to the following two main factors. First, we use multiple inelastic mechanisms to organize the exchange between the energy stored and energy dissipated during the deformation history. Second, we adhere strictly to the well established mathematical and thermodynamical requirements of convexity, associativity, normality, etc. in formulating the evolution equations governing the model behavior, written in terms of the generalized internal stress/strain tensorial variables associated with the individual inelastic mechanisms. This has led to two important advantages: (a) it directly enabled us to obtain the limiting/critical transformation surfaces in the spaces of both stress and strain, as importantly required in capturing SMA behavior; (b) as a byproduct, this also led, naturally, to the exhibition of the apparent deviation from normality, when the transformation strain rate vectors are plotted together with the surfaces in the space of external/global stresses, that has been demonstrated in some recent multi-axial, non-proportional experiments.
Mechanisms underlying Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-induced oncosis and apoptosis of bovine alveolar macrophages

Abstract Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin (LktA) binds to the bovine β2 integrins (such as LFA-1 - CD11a/CD18) and leads to subsequent cellular effects in a dose dependent manner. The objectives of this study were to delineate the mechanisms that underlie LktA-induced oncosis and apoptosis and to examine the role of LktA/LFA-1 interaction in these events. The results demonstrate that LktA-induced oncosis proceeds through a LFA-1 and caspase-1 dependent pathway referred to as ‘pyrotosis’, as well as through a LFA-1- and caspase-1-independent pathway. LktA-induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages involves activation of caspase-3 and engages the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, with the extrinsic pathway being dependent on LFA-1 signaling and TNFα.
Glia instruct developmental neuronal remodeling through TGF-[beta] signaling

We found that glia secrete myoglianin, a TGF-β ligand, to instruct developmental neural remodeling in Drosophila. Glial myoglianin upregulated neuronal expression of an ecdysone nuclear receptor that triggered neurite remodeling following the late-larval ecdysone peak. Thus glia orchestrate developmental neural remodeling not only by engulfment of unwanted neurites but also by enabling neuron remodeling.
Pulmonary Arterial Compression Syndrome Caused by False Aneurysm of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

Abstract A 29 year old man experienced exertional dyspnea and coughing 3 1 2 years after insertion of a Braunwald-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis. Clinical examination suggested pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiac catheterization revealed a saccular lesion apparently arising from the left ventricular outflow tract and producing compression of the right pulmonary artery. Origin from the left ventricular outflow tract just under the aortic ring was confirmed at operation. The lesion apparently arose from an anular excavation related to previous endocarditis with abscess formation. Reported cases of similar aneurysmal lesions are briefly reviewed, and other known causes of the pulmonary arterial compression syndrome are discussed.
Cell fate commitment during mammalian sex determination.

The gonads form bilaterally as bipotential organs that can develop as testes or ovaries. All secondary sex characteristics that we associate with ‘maleness’ or ‘femaleness’ depend on whether testes or ovaries form. The fate of the gonads depends on a cell fate decision that occurs in a somatic cell referred to as the ‘supporting cell lineage’. Once supporting cell progenitors commit to Sertoli (male) or granulosa (female) fate, they propagate this decision to the other cells within the organ. In this review, we will describe what is known about the bipotential state of somatic and germ cell lineages in the gonad and the transcriptional and antagonistic signaling networks that lead to commitment, propagation, and maintenance of testis or ovary fate.
Plurality Versus Loyalty to Self Psychology: A False Choice?

W ill our patients be best served if we, as analysts, are guided by loyalty to a single theory?—or better served if we sometimes bring other approaches into play in response to the unpredictable tu...
Photographic Essay: Lacrimal Ductal Cyst (Dacryops) Presenting as an Orbital Mass

Mass lesions of the orbit and lacrimal glands are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Simple lacrimal ductal cysts (or dacryops) are benign lacrimal lesions with characteristic qualities. We describe a case of a typical dacryops with classic clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features.
All ready with a manufacturing strategy but nowhere to go: linking strategy to process selection in manufacturing

Abstract A company's need for long-term strategic planning and technical innovation in manufacturing is addressed. The contributions of a manufacturing strategy to the competitive advantage of a company has been well established, yet little work has been done on developing the tactics and types of technical innovation and organizational development that support the manufacturing strategy. As a result the manufacturing innovation projects that take place are often selected by the manufacturing technologists with little reflection on their contribution to the organization as an integrated system. The paper develops a structured approach that starts with a manufacturing strategy and eventually leads to a set of manufacturing projects that should be implemented. The process innovation model is a 14-step approach that emphasizes a long-term integrated systems approach to manufacturing project development. This model considers the role of organizational change that must take place to complement technical innova...
Introducing the systems biology of cell state regulation section of Physiological Genomics.

as part of the formation of distinct sections within the Physiological Genomics journal, we are delighted to announce the launching of a new section entitled “The Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation.” While in some instances, a single marker or a few markers may be suitable for defining a
Making home DVD: dell's movie studio bundle

When you browse the offerings at your local computer store, you'll find a wide variety of video-editing software populating the shelves. Coupled with the introduction of read-write DVD drives, such software is opening new areas of pc applications to armchair directors like me. Software from companies like Roxio (www.roxio.com) and mydvd (www.mydvd.com) gives pc users the ability to edit and produce high-quality videos. Of course, a complete system also requires a capture card and perhaps an interface box like the one by dazzle (www.dazzle.com).
Specification of cerebral cortical areas

How the immense population of neurons that constitute the human cerebral neocortex is generated from progenitors lining the cerebral ventricle and then distributed to appropriate layers of distinctive cytoarchitectonic areas can be explained by the radial unit hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the ependymal layer of the embryonic cerebral ventricle consists of proliferative units that provide a proto-map of prospective cytoarchitectonic areas. The output of the proliferative units is translated via glial guides to the expanding cortex in the form of ontogenetic columns, whose final number for each area can be modified through interaction with afferent input. Data obtained through various advanced neurobiological techniques, including electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, [3H]thymidine and receptor autoradiography, retrovirus gene transfer, neural transplants, and surgical or genetic manipulation of cortical development, furnish new details about the kinetics of cell proliferation, their lineage relationships, and phenotypic expression that favor this hypothesis. The radial unit model provides a framework for understanding cerebral evolution, epigenetic regulation of the parcellation of cytoarchitectonic areas, and insight into the pathogenesis of certain cortical disorders in humans.
Language and conceptual development

Linguistic and conceptual development converge crucially in the process of early word learning. Acquiring a new word requires the child to identify a conceptual unit, identify a linguistic unit, and establish a mapping between them. On the conceptual side, the child has to not only identify the relevant part of the scene being labeled, but also isolate a concept at the correct level of abstraction-the word 'dog' must be mapped to the concept dog and not to the concepts petting or collie, for example. On the linguistic side, the child must use the syntactic context in which the word appears to determine its grammatical category (e.g., noun, verb, adjective). But she also uses syntactic information, along with observation of the world and social-communicative cues, to make guesses at which concept the word picks out as well as its level of abstraction. We present evidence that young learners learn new words rapidly and extend them appropriately. However, the relative import of observational and linguistic cues varies as a function of the kind of word being acquired, with verbs requiring a richer set of conceptual and linguistic cues than nouns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Ventilation: How Does the Frog Breathe?

Two short-term cyclic events, buccal oscillations and ventilatory cycles, occur in the bullfrog's respiration. Dutring ventilation the frog fills the buccal cavity with air, then blows the pulmonary contents through the buccal cavity, and finally closes the nostrils while pumnping the buccal contents into the lungs. The pulmonary efflux streams by the buccal contents with minimal mixing, and relatively pure air is pumped into the lungs. Buccal oscillations serve mainly to flush out the buccal cavity between ventilatory cycles.
The Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus G Protein-Coupled Receptor Contains an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif That Activates Shp2

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) is a constitutively active, highly angiogenic homologue of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptors that signals in part via the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2. We show that vGPCR contains a bona fide immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) that binds and constitutively activates Shp2.
Refactoring C with conditional compilation

Refactoring, an important technique for increasing flexibility of the source code, can be applied with much ease and efficiency by using automated tools. There is currently a lack of refactoring tools for C with full support for preprocessor directives because directives complicate refactorings in many ways. This paper describes refactoring of C programs in the presence of conditional compilation directives and how we propose to support them in a refactoring tool.
On the modelling of complex 3D bulk metal forming processes via the pseudo‐concentrations technique. Application to the simulation of the Mannesmann piercing process

The modelling of complex 3D metal forming processes using the flow formulation, implemented via the pseudo-concentrations technique, requires the development of robust computational strategies for dealing with the velocity and pseudo-concentration boundary conditions in the zone where the blank–tools contact is developed. A new algorithm, designed to fulfil those requirements, is presented in this paper. The Mannesmann piercing process is a metal forming operation used in industry for manufacturing metal seamless pipes. The results of the Mannesmann process finite element simulation are particularly dependent on the accuracy and stability of the algorithm used to describe the contact boundary conditions between the forming tools and the blank. The validation of the finite element model is performed by comparing the numerical predictions obtained using the new algorithm with the results of industrial tests. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender, Race, and Affirmative Action Operationalizing Intersectionality in Survey Research

In this article, the authors operationalize the intersection of gender and race in survey research. Using quantitative data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, they investigate how gender/racial stereotypes about African Americans affect Whites’ attitudes about two types of affirmative action programs: (1) job training and education and (2) hiring and promotion. The authors find that gender/racial prejudice towards Black women and Black men influences Whites’ opposition to affirmative action at different levels than negative attitudes towards Blacks as a group. Prejudice toward Black women has a larger effect on Whites’ policy preferences than does prejudice toward Black men or Blacks in general. In future research, survey methodologists should develop better intersectional measures to further document these gender/racial attitudes.
Combinatorial chemistry: A perspective

Chemically generated libraries are now being widely embraced by researchers in both industry and academia. The field of combinatorial chemistry began only a decade ago. For much of its existence researchers were devoted to preparing large libraries of peptides. Next came the progression to peptide-like oligomeric compounds and, most recently, the preparation of small organic molecules. Today, the vast majority of efforts in the field are devoted toward the preparation of these small, non-oligomeric molecules.
The Gerrymanderers Are Coming! Legislative Redistricting Won't Affect Competition or Polarization Much, No Matter Who Does It

Redistricting received substantial attention in the popular media in 2011, as states redrew state legislative and congressional district boundaries. Many reformers continue to argue for a de-politicization of the redistricting process, claiming that partisan redistricting is responsible for declining electoral competition and increasing legislative polarization. Our analysis of evidence from state legislatures during the last decade suggests that the effects of partisan redistricting on competition and polarization are small, considerably more nuanced than reformers would suggest, and overwhelmed by other aspects of the political environment.
Vocabulary use during storybook reading: Implications for children with augmentative and alternative communication needs

Storybook-reading interactions are a critical component of emergent literacy, contributing to later development of conventional literacy skills. Children with augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) needs must be provided with appropriate vocabulary to actively participate in storybook interactions in a manner similar to that of their typically developing peers. This study examined vocabulary used by typically developing kindergartners while being read a storybook. Words used by the kindergartners were compared to vocabulary on premade, commercially available storybook communication displays marketed for individuals with AAC needs. Results revealed that vocabulary on commercially available communication displays did not include the words used most frequently by the kindergartners. Results suggest that practitioners who use commercially available communication displays may need to modify the materials to provide children with AAC needs sufficient vocabulary to enhance their participation during storybook-reading interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ca2+/calmodulin distinguishes between guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate- and opiate-mediated inhibition of rat striatal adenylate cyclase.

The inhibition of adenylate cyclase from rat striatal plasma membranes by guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] and morphine was compared to determine whether Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition accurately reflected hormone-mediated inhibition in this system. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by Gpp(NH)p and morphine was examined with respect to temperature, divalent cation concentration, and the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM). Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition was dependent on the presence of Ca2+/CaM at 24 degrees C; the inhibition was independent of Ca2+/CaM at 18 degrees C; and inhibition could not be detected in the presence, or absence, of Ca2+/CaM at 30 degrees C. In contrast, naloxone-reversible, morphine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase was independent of both temperature and the presence of Ca2+/CaM. Mg2+ dose-response curves also reinforced the differences in the Ca2+/CaM requirement for Gpp(NH)p- and morphine-induced inhibition. Because Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition was independent of Ca2+/CaM at low basal activities (i.e., 18 degrees C, or below 1 mM Mg2+) and dependent on the presence of Ca2+/CaM at higher basal activities (24 degrees C, or above 1 mM Mg2+), the inhibitory effects of Gpp(NH)p were examined at 1 mM Mg2+ in the presence of 100 nM forskolin. Under these conditions, both Gpp(NH)p- and morphine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase were independent of Ca2+/CaM. The results demonstrate that the requirement for Ca2+/CaM to observe Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition depends on the basal activity of adenylate cyclase, whereas hormone-mediated inhibition is Ca2+/CaM independent under all conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypochondria as Withdrawal and Comedy as Cure in Dr. Willibald's Der Hypochondrist (1824)1

Balthasar von Ammann's comedy Der Hypochondrist, published in 1824 under the pseudonym Dr. Willibald, foregrounds the social, sexual, and political implications of hypochondria. The play engages with early nineteenth-century medical and popular conceptions of hypochondria to co-opt potentially subversive elements and to promote a specific social, sexual, and political agenda. The text promotes literature — specifically comedic drama — as a cure for hypochondria. Hypochondria functions as a code for withdrawal. The hypochondriac withdraws medically from healthy society, gaining exceptional status. He withdraws sexually from society by remaining a bachelor, possibly engaged in non-normative sexual behaviour. Furthermore, the politically disenfranchised protagonist voices his political frustrations via a coded medical metaphor. The hypochondriac poses a threefold challenge to the social, sexual, and political order, and the play engages with contemporary conceptions of the disease to provide the solution: comedy. The text, presented as a cure for hypochondria, replaces the coded questioning of the social order via hypochondria with the less threatening code of heraldry. A comedy-within-the-comedy uses the hypochondriac's love of heraldry to cure him, resulting in the elimination of his medical problems and exceptional status, in the purification of his bachelorhood from non-normative elements, and in the pre-emption of political frustrations.
Aggressive Myeloid Sarcoma Causing Recurrent Spinal Cord Compression

Objective Myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary solid tumor comprised of immature myeloid precursor cells, most commonly associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We present the case of a patient with a history of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and AML who presented with myeloid sarcoma causing acute spinal cord compression. Case Description The patient was a 20-year-old man who presented with acute onset weakness and numbness in his lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thoracic dorsal epidural mass. Despite the history of AML, we elected to forego image-guided biopsy and up-front radiation due to the rapidly progressive nature of his myelopathy. Immediate surgical decompression was performed, but the patient had recurrence of tumor leading to further compression 13 days postoperatively. Subsequently, emergent radiation was performed, leading to resolution of cord compression and local disease control. Conclusions To our knowledge, there are no randomized controlled trials examining the appropriate timing for postoperative radiation. Because most typical neuro-oncologic cases have no need for immediate postoperative radiation, our practice has been to wait 14 days to initiate postoperative radiation to ensure wound healing. One unique feature of our case was the rapid recurrence of symptoms due to tumor progression. Given this observation, we believe that radiation therapy should be considered as soon as possible after confirmatory pathology diagnosis for patients presenting with neurological compromise due to myeloid sarcoma of the spine.
Parastatistics with variable numbers of particles

We examine the properties of two possible first-quantized theories for a variable number of identical paraparticles. In one (the « ray » theory), states are described by vectors in a Fock space constructed as the direct sum of the fixed-particle « ray » Hilbert spaces of Hartle and Taylor; in the other (the « generalized-ray » theory), the Fock space is constructed from the « generalized ray » Hilbert spaces of Messiah and Greenberg. The «ray » theory, which is equivalent to the second-quantized parafield theory, appears to be consistent with all reasonable physical requirements. However, we show that the « generalized-ray » theory cannot consistently describe systems in which the particle numbers can vary. This is achieved by showing that an absolute selection rule derived by Messiah and Greenberg in the « generalized ray » framework prohibits the creation and destruction of particles.
Fixed asset management and geographical information systems in the netherlands

Local authorities are required to perform a variety of functions to maintain or improve features of the physical environment which fall within their jurisdictions. The management of fixed assets, those primarily man-made features which exist below, on or above the earth’s surface, is the responsibility of local governments in the Netherlands. It is one area of management where computers have not been employed on a large scale until relatively recently. Other areas have been automated for a long time and second and third generation applications are already being replaced by newer software. However, for fixed asset management, no application tools have been available.
Clinical applications of radiography and ancillary imaging

Although radiography will remain the most popular imaging modality in the near future, other modalities offer various advantages. Potential applications of sonography, xeroradiography, computed tomography, computed radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigraphy are discussed.
Surface reconstruction stability and configurational disorder on Bi-terminated GaAs(001)

We developed a rigorous and exhaustive method for calculating the 0 K surface phase diagram of Bi/GaAs(001) by using density functional theory in conjunction with the cluster expansion formalism. In a search for ground-state alloy configurations of low energy surface structure prototypes, we found that the $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}2(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$, and $\ensuremath{\beta}2(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ structures possess only a few stable configurations, though each is stable over a wide range of chemical potential. In contrast, the $c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ and $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ structures exhibit many stable configurations, suggesting their tendency towards configurational disorder at finite temperature. Monte Carlo simulations confirm a continuous disordering of the $(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ reconstruction with increasing temperature that comes to completion well below typical MBE growth conditions, in contrast to the $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ structure, which remains ordered at high temperature. The calculated zero Kelvin phase diagram and finite temperature Monte Carlo results are in excellent agreement with STM in this work and experimental observations seen elsewhere. Furthermore, these results provide important insights into challenges posed by growth of GaAsBi alloys, namely Bi incorporation, CuPt${}_{B}$ ordering, and Bi clustering.
Serving up Data for Enhanced DTV Programs

An important feature of digital television (DTV) is the ability to insert data into the broadcast stream to enhance television programming. Examples of applications enabled by this technology include interactive ads, interactive access to sports statistics during sports events, and interactive access to supplementary information during talk shows, news programs, documentaries, etc. This paper describes the basic technology for such enhanced DTV programming, and analyzes the architectural and scheduling issues that arise in connection with inserting data into the digital broadcast stream to support it. The primary focus is on so-called ATVEF (Advanced Television Enhancement Forum) applications in the context of the ATSC digital television standards, but most of the analysis applies equally well to other forms of enhanced DTV programming where data must be coordinated with the audio-video.
Observation of the 717-nm electric quadrupole transition in triply charged thorium

We excite the 717-nm electric quadrupole 6${D}_{3/2}$ $\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}$ 7${S}_{1/2}$ transition in a laser-cooled ${}^{232}$Th${}^{3+}$ ion crystal. The transition frequency and the lifetime of the metastable 7${S}_{1/2}$ level are measured to be 417 845 964(30) MHz and 0.60(7) s, respectively. We subsequently employ the 7${S}_{1/2}$ level to drive the ions with nanosecond-long 269-nm laser pulses into the 7${P}_{1/2}$ level. The latter is connected to the 7${S}_{1/2}$ electronic level within the ${}^{229}$Th nuclear isomer manifold by the strongest available electron-bridge transition, forming a basis for its laser excitation.
Current principles of dietary therapy of diabetes mellitus.

"Diet therapy" is a term with multiple implications. Current concepts, and the principles upon which they are based, are examined, and an attempt is made to elaborate diet therapy in the context of the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Case 1: Sudden Collapse in a 13-Year-Old Boy

1. Amanda Rudert, DO* 2. Theodore Kelbel, MD* 1. *Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI. A previously healthy 13-year-old boy presents to the pediatric emergency department via ambulance after collapsing at his school playground. He had been playing kickball when an argument arose with his 10-year-old brother. Suddenly, the younger brother punched the patient hard in the center of his chest. The patient instantly fell forward, scraping his face on the ground, and became unresponsive. A teacher who witnessed the event immediately sent for help and initiated chest compressions when he could not detect the patient’s pulse. Within 1 minute, the school nurse arrived with an automated external defibrillator (AED) and intervened. Paramedics brought the patient to the emergency department. Physical examination in the emergency department reveals an awake but somewhat “dazed” teenage boy. His height and weight are at the 90th and 28th percentiles for age, respectively. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), heart rate is 84 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute, blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 100% in room air. He has several facial abrasions containing dirt and debris. He has marked …
Lasting First Impressions: The Influence of Initial Random Events on Long Term Decision Making

I examine the influence of early random outcomes on the choices and later success of players in a major online multiplayer game. Players misattribute early random shocks to the value of an important choice. I find that players are significantly less successful in subsequent matches when making the same choice that benefitted from positive shocks early on. This effect, which occurred in just a handful of initial matches, lasts over the year long career of a player, spanning hundreds of matches of the game. The setting of the game provides a rich dataset, and is also a rare empirical example of a multi-armed bandit problem.
Inquiry into the Independent Reading Development of First-Generation College Graduates with Advanced Degrees.

Studies suggest that individuals with a parent who attended college or a university are more likely to attend themselves. Scholars have also argued that academic success at the highest levels requires the acquisition of a large vocabulary and fluency in multiple discourses, and that forming habits of reading various kinds of texts outside of school may be necessary. Using interviews with 40 individuals who completed advanced degrees and whose parents did not attend college, this study examined factors that may have influenced their independent reading habits. We found that each of our participants developed strong habits of recreational reading and was motivated at least in part due to relationships with various sponsors of literacy, including parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, neighbors, librarians, teachers, and church members. Social challenges to recreational reading were also noted by participants, including the challenge of learning to code switch with family members and others.
Abstract 4623: Reevaluation of the role of Notch signaling in melanoma tumor development, melanoma cell survival and drug resistance

Notch is one of the simplest signaling pathways that is required for almost every cell type in the body. It plays several roles such as cell fate decision, differentiation and stem cell maintenance. Notch signaling plays a role in the maintenance of melanoblasts and melanocyte stem cells of the epidermis by preventing their apoptosis. Notch signaling has also been implicated in different aspects of melanoma biology including tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Accordingly, Notch has been targeted for melanoma therapy both in preclinical xenograft models as well as clinical trials. Notch inhibitors, mainly γ-secretase inhibitors, have been widely used for this purpose. However, clinical trials with these agents have not been proven to be highly effective for melanoma treatment. In previously published studies we showed that Notch signaling is involved in regulation of melanoma trans-differentiation, a prognostic feature in primary melanoma. In this study, we reevaluated the role of Notch in melanoma development, cell survival and sensitivity to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. First, our preliminary data using the BRAFV600E/Pten mouse model showed that topical application of γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT delays tumor formation and growth. In several early passage metastatic human melanoma cell lines, we found that Notch receptors (Notch 1-3) are highly upregulated compared to normal epidermal melanocytes. Interestingly, mRNA levels for Notch1-3 receptors in normal melanocytes were either higher or comparable to their levels in the cell lines. This suggested that Notch receptor levels are tightly regulated in normal melanocytes by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Presence of cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD), both cytoplasmic and nuclear, in melanoma cells, but not in melanocytes, indicated constitutive activation of Notch signaling in melanoma cells. However, inhibition of Notch activation by treatment with γ-secretase inhibitor had no significant effect on survival of melanoma cells in vitro. Thus, Notch signaling appears to be dispensable for melanoma cell survival. Additionally, inhibition of Notch activation did not alter the sensitivity of melanoma cells to BRAF(V600E) and MEK inhibitors. Our results highlight the need for re-examination of Notch-regulated melanoma trans-differentiation as a therapeutic outcome. Citation Format: Dareen Mikheil, Carlos Rodriguez, Ashika Jayanthi, Prithvi Yarlagadda, Vijaysaradhi Setaluri. Reevaluation of the role of Notch signaling in melanoma tumor development, melanoma cell survival and drug resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4623.
A Bioarchæological Analysis of Subsistence Strategies at the Su Site, New Mexico

ABSTRACTPrehistoric health in the Southwestern United States and the effects of subsistence change are topics of continued research and debate. This study examines the patterns of health and disease in a population (n = 29) from the SU site in New Mexico, dated a.d. 450–;550, and uses paleopathological tools to determine the intensity of maize agriculture practiced at this site. Analysis of the frequency rates of porotic hyperostosis, caries, and enamel hypoplasia indicates this population endured a relatively high degree of physiological stress. Compared with other Southwestern sites, the individuals at the SU site display rates similar to those of agriculturalists. It is suggested that these observations indicate the SU site population had begun more intensive agricultural practices.