cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinesin Velocity Increases with the Number of Motors in Gliding Assays against a simple Viscoelastic Load

In a classic paper, Howard, Hudspeth, and Vale[1] showed that the number of kinesin motors does not affect the velocity of gliding microtubules during motility assays. However, evidence is accumulating from our lab and others that the velocity of vesicle transport in vivo increases substantially if 2, 3, or 4 motors pull a single load. How can that be? To resolve this conflict, we performed upside-down kinesin motility assays with full-length Drosophila kinesin heavy chains working against viscous drag comparable to that experienced by moving vesicles in live cells. To do this, the viscosity of the medium was increased to approximately 1 Pa·s by adding 2 mg/mL of a stiff, high-MW polysaccharide here dubbed “PolymerX”[2]. Also, a single polystyrene bead (d = 2 μm) was attached to the +end of the microtubule. In PolymerX, with a bead attached, 3 μm MTs moved at 150 nm/s, 10 μm MTs moved at 400 nm/s, and greater than 30 μm MTs moved at 700 nm/s, the control velocity. However, without a bead, the velocity of all MTs in PolymerX increased to 700 nm/s. Apparently, a bead-free MT can easily slither end-on through the mesh of PolymerX fibers, but the attached bead cannot. The observed increase in velocity with MT length most likely arises because the number of attached motors is directly proportional to MT length in gliding assays.Support from the NIH NS053493 and the Dreyfus Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.[1] Howard, Hudspeth, and Vale, Nature 342, 154–158 (1989).[2] The Brownian motion of 2 μm beads in dilute PolymerX solutions and of 0.2–2 μm unattached vesicles in live cells, when analyzed by the Generalized Stokes-Einstein method, show similar G′ and G″ in the two environments.
Cell free translation in engineered picoliter volume containers

Engineers seek to use biological design principles to manipulate information and import new functionality to synthetic devices. Such devices inspired by natural systems could, in turn, play a crucial role in allowing biologists to explore the effects of physical transport and extreme conditions of temperature and pH on reaction systems. For example, engineered reaction containers can be physically and chemically defined to control the flux of molecules of different sizes and charge. The design and testing of such a container is described here. It has a volume of 19pL with defined slits of 200nm. The device successfully contained DNA and protein molecules and is evaluated for carrying out cell-free protein synthesis. The effect of DNA concentration and slit size on protein yield is discussed.
Pathways of extrapancreatic perineural invasion by pancreatic adenocarcinoma: evaluation with 3D volume-rendered MDCT imaging.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists with the common pathways of extrapancreatic perineural invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to highlight the potential value of 3D volume-rendered MDCT in its diagnosis.CONCLUSION. The perineural plexuses closely follow peripancreatic vessels, which are well depicted by contrast-enhanced 3D volume-rendered imaging, thus facilitating the diagnosis of extrapancreatic perineural invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
WSN05-4: Medium Access Diversity with Uplink-Downlink Duality and Transmit Beamforming in Multiple-Antenna Wireless Networks

In a multiuser wireless system, multiuser diversity for opportunistic scheduling has been extensively studied for high-rate data transmission. In this paper, we propose a novel MAC protocol named medium access diversity with uplink-downlink duality and transmit beamforming (MAD-UDD/TB). In addition to aggressively utilizing multiuser gains, it takes advantage of uplink-downlink duality and transmit beamforming, which are the transmitting and receiving strategies used in a multiple antenna environment for simultaneous packet transmissions to multiple distinct users. These techniques effectively leverage the effect of multiuser diversity and greatly improve network throughput by taking into account the opportunistic scheduling among multiple users to prioritize data transmissions. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves much better performance than other medium access diversity and auto rate schemes with minimal additional overhead.
Bortezomib-Induced Apoptosis with Limited Clinical Response Is Accompanied by Inhibition of Canonical but not Alternative Nuclear Factor-κB Subunits in Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/REL transcription factors promote cancer cell survival and progression. The canonical (NF-κB1/RELA or cREL) and alternate (NF-κB2/RELB) pathways require the proteasome for cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation, prompting the investigation of bortezomib for cancer therapy. However, limited clinical activity of bortezomib has been observed in many epithelial malignancies, suggesting this could result from incomplete inhibition of NF-κB/RELs or other prosurvival signal pathways. Experimental Design: To examine these possibilities, matched biopsies from 24 h posttreatment were obtained from accessible tumors of patients who received low-dose bortezomib (0.6 mg/m 2 ) before reirradiation in a phase I trial for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Effects of bortezomib on apoptosis and proliferation by TUNEL and Ki67 staining were compared with nuclear staining for all five NF-κB subunits, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in tumor biopsies, and by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTP) and DNA binding assay for the five NF-κB subunits in HNSCC cell lines. Results: HNSCC showed increased nuclear staining for all five NF-κB subunits, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and phosphorylated STAT3. Bortezomib treatment significantly enhanced apoptosis with inhibition of nuclear RELA in three of four tumors, but other NF-κB subunits, ERK1/2, and STAT3 were variably or not affected, and tumor progression was observed within 3 months. In HNSCC cell lines, 10 −8 mol/L bortezomib inhibited cell density while inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α–induced and partially inhibiting basal activation of NF-κB1/RELA, but not NF-κB2/RELB. Conclusions: Although low-dose bortezomib inhibits activation of subunits of the canonical pathway, it does not block nuclear activation of the noncanonical NF-κB or other prosurvival signal pathways, which may contribute to the heterogeneous responses observed in HNSCC.
Detection of PrPSc in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue by Western Blot Differentiates Classical Scrapie, Nor98 Scrapie, and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy:

Transmissible, spongiform encephalopathies including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the presence of an infectious abnormal isoform of normal mammalian proteins called prions. Identification of the prion protein associated with scrapie (PrP(Sc)) in the central nervous system is typically based upon immunoassays including immunohistochemistry (IHC) using formalin-fixed tissues or Western blot (WB) assays using fresh and/or frozen, non-formalin-fixed tissues. Each assay can discriminate between BSE, classical scrapie, and a previously reported strain of scrapie recently identified in the United States named Nor98 scrapie. Different tissue samples are required from the same animal to run these 2 different immunoassays. This may result in inconsistent test results for the same animal. Sampling problems such as collecting insufficient volumes of fresh tissue or less than optimal anatomic location of brainstem for IHC can affect the ability of the test procedures to offer definitive and discriminatory results. Recently, a WB method using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue to identify PrP(Sc) was developed that successfully identified PrP(Sc) in sheep affected by classical scrapie. In the current study, the use of this technique to produce discriminatory results identifying classical BSE in bovine tissue and both classical and Nor98 scrapie in ovine tissue using paraffin-embedded brain samples is described. Protein-banding patterns from WB using FFPE tissue were similar to protein-banding patterns produced by WB assays utilizing fresh tissues from the same animals, and results correlated well with the IHC PrP(Sc)-positive staining present in the cerebellum and obex regions of brain samples from these animals.
HOW PUBLIC SERVICE LEADERSHIP IS STUDIED: AN EXAMINATION OF A QUARTER CENTURY OF SCHOLARSHIP

This exploratory study surveys the public service leadership literature from a selection of leading public administration journals over a 25-year period (1987–2012). Patterns in methods used to study public leadership are explored, along with how those methods vary across settings within the public service sector and the treatment of leadership in the analysis. While the number of empirical studies of public service leadership has grown, the diversity of theoretical approaches, methods and measures challenges the ability to synthesize findings in order to advance the knowledge base on this topic. This article provides a map of leadership studies within the field of public administration over time and offers prescriptions for future research.
Identification of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic individuals with diabetes mellitus: to screen or not to screen

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and remains the single most common cause of death among this population. Regrettably, a significant percentage of diabetics fail to perceive the classic symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia. Among asymptomatic diabetics, the prevalence of abnormal cardiac testing appears to be high, raging between 10% and 62%, and mortality is significantly higher in those with abnormal scans. Hence, the potential use of screening for CHD detection among asymptomatic DM individuals is appealing and has been recommended in certain circumstances. However, it was not until recently, that this question was addressed in clinical trials. Two studies randomized a total of 2,023 asymptomatic diabetics to screening or not using cardiac imaging with a mean follow up of 4.4 ±1.4 yrs. In combination, both trials showed lower than expected annual event rates, and failed to reduce major cardiovascular events in the screened group compared to the standard of care alone. The results of these trials do not currently support the use of screening tools for CHD detection in asymptomatic DM individuals. However, these studies have important limitations, and potential explanations for their negative results that are discussed in this manuscript. Article history
Effectiveness of mass media interventions for HIV prevention, 1986-2013: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evaluations of mass media-delivered HIV prevention interventions assess the effectiveness of interventions in improving condom use and HIV-related knowledge and identify moderators of effectiveness. Study Selection: We systematically searched electronic databases relevant Web sites related journals and reference lists of previous reviews and included studies. Studies that quantitatively evaluated the effectiveness of mass media-delivered HIV prevention using pre-/post-campaign assessments targeted the general population reported outcomes of interest and were available as of September 30 2013 were eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Raters coded report intervention and sample characteristics. The standardized mean difference d comparing pretest and posttest assessments was calculated for each study sample. Effect sizes were analyzed incorporating random-effects assumptions. Results: Of the 433 obtained and screened reports 54 reports containing evaluations of 72 interventions using 93 samples (N = 142196) met the selection criteria and were included. Campaigns were associated with increases in condom use [d+ = 0.25 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18 to 0.21] transmission knowledge (d+ = 0.30 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.41) and prevention knowledge (d+ = 0.39 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.52). Increases in condom use were larger for longer campaigns and in nations that scored lower on the human development index. Increases in transmission knowledge were larger to the extent that respondents reported greater campaign exposure for more recent campaigns and for nations that scored lower on the human development index.
Enzymatic properties of the inner and outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria

Treatment of rat liver mitochondria with digitonin followed by differential centrifugation was used to resolve the intramitochondrial localization of both soluble and particulate enzymes. Rat liver mitochondria were separated into three fractions: inner membrane plus matrix, outer membrane, and a soluble fraction containing enzymes localized between the membranes plus some solublized outer membrane. Monoamine oxidase, kynurenine hydroxylase, and rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase were found primarily in the outer membrane fraction. Succinate-cytochrome c reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, lipoamide dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADH-isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and ornithine transcarbamoylase were found in the inner membrane-matrix fraction. Nucleoside diphosphokinase was found in both the outer membrane and soluble fractions; this suggests a dual localization. Adenylate kinase was found entirely in the soluble fraction and was released at a lower digitonin concentration than was the outer membrane; this suggests that this enzyme is localized between the two membranes. The inner membrane-matrix fraction was separated into inner membrane and matrix by treatment with the nonionic detergent Lubrol, and this separation was used as a basis for calculating the relative protein content of the mitochondrial components. The inner membrane-matrix fraction retained a high degree of morphological and biochemical integrity and exhibited a high respiratory rate and respiratory control when assayed in a sucrose-mannitol medium containing EDTA.
Distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion during short periods of weightlessness

Information on the distributions of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion was obtained from four subjects on board a Learjet during 112 weightless periods lasting up to 27 s each. Zero gravity (G) was obtained during all or part of each test by varying the aircraft flight profile. Single-breath N2 washouts were performed with the test inspiration containing an initial bolus of argon at residual volume (RV). When the test inspiration was at 0 G, and the washout at 0 G or greater, the terminal rises and the cardiogenic oscillations in both N2 and argon were small and often absent. If instead the test inspiration was at 1 G with the washout at 0 G, the terminal rises were again small or absent but the cardiogenic oscillations remained. The terminal rise and the cardiogenic oscillations for N2, but not argon, were also nearly eliminated by performing just the preliminary exhalation to RV at 0 G with the test inspiration and washout following at 1 G. Aleveolar plateaus for N2 sloped upward at 0 G apparently due to nontopographical inequalities of ventilation. In further tests during air breathing, recordings were made of expired partial pressure of oxygen PO2) and carbon dioxide (POO2) following a brief hyperventilation and a 15-s breath hold. These recordings revealed marked cardiogenic oscillations in PO2 and PCO2 at 1 G that were enhanced at 2 G but almost eliminated at 0 G. The results suggest that virtually all the topographical inequality of ventilation, blood flow, and lung volume seen under 1-G conditions are abolished during short periods of 0 G.
A hybrid genetic algorithm with pattern search for finding heavy atoms in protein crystals

One approach for determining the molecular structure of proteins is a technique called iso-morphous replacement, in which crystallographers dope protein crystals with heavy atoms, such as mercury or platinum. By comparing measured amplitudes of diffracted x-rays through protein crystals with and without the heavy atoms, the locations of the heavy atoms can be estimated. Once the locations of the heavy atoms are known, the phases of the diffracted x-rays through the protein crystal can be estimated, which in turn enables the structure of the protein to be estimated. Unfortunately, the key step in this process is the estimation of the locations of the heavy atoms, and this is a multi-modal, non-linear inverse problem. We report results of a pilot study that show that a 2-stage hybrid algorithm, using a stochastic genetic algorithm for stage 1 followed by a deterministic pattern search algorithm for stage 2, can successfully locate up to 5 heavy atoms in computer simulated crystals using noise free data. We conclude that the method may be a viable approach for finding heavy atoms in protein crystals, and suggest ways in which the approach can be scaled up to larger problems.
Use of four mirrors to rotate linear polarization but preserve input-output collinearity. II.

A geometric phase analysis is used to show that a minimum of four reflections is required to rotate the linear polarization of a laser beam by an angle 0 < ϕ < π, subject to the constraint that the final beam path be collinear with the incident one. Elementary spherical geometry is used to compute a series of beam propagation vectors that give an arbitrary ϕ rotation and to determine the necessary mirror orientations. The method is applied to the case of ϕ = π/2, which is useful for the design of a device needed in our laboratory. The properties of this device and the need for it are discussed in the light of operating experience with half-wave retardation plates used for polarization rotation of CO2 laser beams.
Online decoding of Markov models under latency constraints

The Viterbi algorithm is an efficient and optimal method for decoding linear-chain Markov Models. However, the entire input sequence must be observed before the labels for any time step can be generated, and therefore Viterbi cannot be directly applied to online/interactive/streaming scenarios without incurring significant (possibly unbounded) latency. A widely used approach is to break the input stream into fixed-size windows, and apply Viterbi to each window. Larger windows lead to higher accuracy, but result in higher latency.We propose several alternative algorithms to the fixed-sized window decoding approach. These approaches compute a certainty measure on predicted labels that allows us to trade off latency for expected accuracy dynamically, without having to choose a fixed window size up front. Not surprisingly, this more principled approach gives us a substantial improvement over choosing a fixed window. We show the effectiveness of the approach for the task of spotting semi-structured information in large documents. When compared to full Viterbi, the approach suffers a 0.1 percent error degradation with a average latency of 2.6 time steps (versus the potentially infinite latency of Viterbi). When compared to fixed windows Viterbi, we achieve a 40x reduction in error and 6x reduction in latency.
Three antenna array design for buried object detection

An impulse radiating GPR system is designed with resistively loaded antennas, which are placed in an array configuration to cancel ground bounce and antenna coupling effects. The target response is isolated through deconvolution by the conjugate gradient method. By applying the matrix pencil method to the late time response the natural resonant frequencies of the target are extracted for identification. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 338–343, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24912
Pharmacophore Reassignment for Induction of the Immunosurveillance Cytokine TRAIL

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an immunosurveillance cytokine that kills cancer cells but demonstrates little toxicity against normal cells. While investigating the TRAIL-inducing imidazolinopyrimidinone TIC10, a misassignment of its active structure was uncovered. Syntheses of the two isomers, corresponding to the published and reassigned structures, are reported. The ability of each to induce TRAIL expression in macrophages was investigated and it was found that only the compound corresponding to the reassigned structure shows the originally reported activity; the compound corresponding to the published structure is inactive. Importantly, this structural reassignment has furnished a previously unknown antitumor pharmacophore.
Race/Ethnicity, Color-Blind Racial Attitudes, and Multicultural Counseling Competence: The Moderating Effects of Multicultural Counseling Training

Increasing trainees' multicultural counseling competence (MCC) has been a hot topic in counseling. Scholars have identified predictors (e.g., race/ethnicity, color-blindness) of MCC, and educators provide multicultural training for trainees. Using a sample of 370 psychology trainees, this study examined whether multicultural training (a) moderated racial/ethnic differences on MCC and (b) changed the relationship between color-blindness and MCC. Results indicated a significant interaction effect of race/ethnicity (i.e., White vs. ethnic minority) and multicultural training on multicultural awareness, but not on multicultural knowledge. Specifically, at lower levels of training, racial/ethnic minority trainees had significantly higher multicultural awareness than their White counterparts; at higher levels of training, no significant difference was found. Described differently, more training significantly enhanced Whites' multicultural awareness, but did not enhance racial/ethnic minority trainees' awareness. Additionally, there was a significant interaction effect of color-blindness and multicultural training on multicultural knowledge, but not on multicultural awareness. The association between color-blindness and multicultural knowledge was stronger at higher levels of multicultural training than at lower levels of training. Alternatively, the effect of training on enhancing knowledge was stronger for those with lower color-blindness than for those with higher color-blindness.
Efficacy of face shields against cough aerosol droplets from a cough simulator.

Health care workers are exposed to potentially infectious airborne particles while providing routine care to coughing patients. However, much is not understood about the behavior of these aerosols and the risks they pose. We used a coughing patient simulator and a breathing worker simulator to investigate the exposure of health care workers to cough aerosol droplets, and to examine the efficacy of face shields in reducing this exposure. Our results showed that 0.9% of the initial burst of aerosol from a cough can be inhaled by a worker 46 cm (18 inches) from the patient. During testing of an influenza-laden cough aerosol with a volume median diameter (VMD) of 8.5 μm, wearing a face shield reduced the inhalational exposure of the worker by 96% in the period immediately after a cough. The face shield also reduced the surface contamination of a respirator by 97%. When a smaller cough aerosol was used (VMD = 3.4 μm), the face shield was less effective, blocking only 68% of the cough and 76% of the surface con...
Lower Extremity Performance in Nondisabled Older Persons as a Predictor of Subsequent Hospitalization

Background. This study examines, in initially nondisabled older persons, the impact of reduced lower extremity performance on subsequent hospitalizations. Methods. A 4-year prospective cohort study was conducted among 3381 persons, aged 71 years and older, who initially reported no disability. At baseline, lower extremity performance was measured by an assessment of standing balance, a timed 2.4-m walk, and a timed test of rising from a chair five times. Data on subsequent hospital admissions and discharge diagnoses over 4 years were obtained from the Medicare database. Results. During the follow-up period, nondisabled persons with poor lower extremity performance spent significantly more days in the hospital (17.7 days) than those with intermediate and high performance (11.6 and 9.7 days, respectively). Poor lower extremity performance in nondisabled persons significantly predicted subsequent hospitalization over 4 years (relative risk for hospitalization in those with poor vs high performance: 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.45‐2.17). This increased hospitalization risk could not be explained by several indicators of baseline health status. Increased hospitalization risks were especially found for geriatric conditions, such as dementia, decubitus ulcer, hip fractures, other fractures, pneumonia, dehydration, and acute infections.
The derivation of compound ordinal numerals: Implications for morphological theory

In the domains of both inflection and derivation, there is evidence for both rules of exponence (which realize specific morphosyntactic properties or derivational categories through the introduction of specific morphological markings) and rules of composition (which determine how such rules of exponence apply in the definition of a compound's inflected forms or derivatives). A single, general rule of composition accounts for the definition of a wide range of derivatives from compound bases; nevertheless, ordinal derivation demonstrates the considerable extent to which rules of composition may vary across languages. Evidence from a diverse range of languages is used to motivate a typology of ordinal derivation whose distinct types embody different rules of composition.
Subdomains in the F and G Helices of Bacteriorhodopsin Regulate Structural Changes.

Replacement of aspartate 85 (in helix C) with an asparagine (D85N) isolates a subset of the conformational transitions accessed during proton translocation[3]. In the absence of photoexcitation, three spectrally distinct species exist in equilibrium and their relative concentrations are regulated by pH. At neutral pH, the protein exists in an O-like state (λmax = 615 nm, appears blue). As the pH is raised, an N(λmax = 570 nm, appears purple) and M-like state (λmax, 410 nm, appears yellow) become populated. The transitions between M, N, and O reset the major structural change and proton binding site pKa’s.
3.3: The development of a stationary X-ray source for medical imaging

A prototype stationary source for medical imaging is evaluated. X-ray focal spot diameters of less than 0.2 mm are formed with beam currents of up to 75 mA at beam energies of 30 keV.
Development and validation of sensitive LC/MS/MS method for quantitative bioanalysis of levonorgestrel in rat plasma and application to pharmacokinetics study

Rapid, sensitive, selective and accurate LC/MS/MS method was developed for quantitative determination of levonorgestrel (LNG) in rat plasma and further validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, matrix effect, recovery efficiency and stability. Liquid-liquid extraction procedure using hexane:ethyl acetate mixture at 80:20 v:v ratio was employed to efficiently extract LNG from rat plasma. Reversed phase Luna column C18(2) (50×2.0mm i.d., 3μM) installed on a AB SCIEX Triple Quad™ 4500 LC/MS/MS system was used to perform chromatographic separation. LNG was identified within 2min with high specificity. Linear calibration curve was drawn within 0.5-50ng·mL(-1) concentration range. The developed method was validated for intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision whose values fell in the acceptable limits. Matrix effect was found to be minimal. Recovery efficiency at three quality control (QC) concentrations 0.5 (low), 5 (medium) and 50 (high) ng·mL(-1) was found to be >90%. Stability of LNG at various stages of experiment including storage, extraction and analysis was evaluated using QC samples, and the results showed that LNG was stable at all the conditions. This validated method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetics of LNG in rats after SubQ injection, providing its applicability in relevant preclinical studies.
Romantic Vagrancy: Walking and talking at the same time: the “two histories” of The Prelude

THE TWO HISTORIES OF THE PRELUDE No shock Given to my moral nature had I known Down to that very moment–neither lapse Nor turn of sentiment–that might be named A revolution, save at this one time: All else was progress on the self-same path On which with a diversity of pace I had been travelling; this, a stride at once Into another region. ( The Prelude [1805], x.233–41) He must have lived this war, in himself, according to two temporalities or two histories that were at the same time disjoined and inextricably associated. On the one hand, youth and the years of Occupation appeared there as a sort of prehistoric prelude: more and more distant, derealized, abstract, foreign. The “real” history, the effective and fruitful history, was constituted slowly, laboriously, painfully after this rupture which was also a second birth. But on the other hand and inversely, the “real” events (public and private), the grave, traumatic events, the effective and indelible history had already taken place, over there, during those terrible years … His “living present,” as someone might put it, was the crossroads of these two incompatible and disjunctive temporalities, temporalities that nonetheless went together, articulated in history, what was his history , the only one. In the ideal exchange imagined for this essay, readers quickly scanning their memories for the moment to which Wordsworth refers in the passage above would be inclined to nominate “the French Revolution,” or perhaps, “the Terror”; our tendency to regard Wordsworth's proper region as the English Lake District might be responsible for this desire to construct Wordsworth's “Residence in France” as the literal referent for his unhappy stride into another region.
Going Viral on Youtube

Consumers are increasingly watching online video and advertisers are increasingly using video-sharing sites such as YouTube to promote their video advertisements. Although not typically the case, some of these advertisements go viral, quickly reaching millions of consumers. To better understand the antecedents of such virality, this paper recounts recent advertisements on YouTube that attained viral status. From these cases, several commonalities are observed, such that each ad evoked strong emotion, told a story and quickly reached 1 million views. Based on these observations, when promoting brand content on YouTube, managers are urged to focus on promoting highly emotive content, to incorporate the brand within a story, and to continually produce and promote novel brand content. Building on the present work, there are also opportunities for future research to consider how specific ad characteristics such as storytelling and schadenfreude might affect the probability of virality.
A Pedagogy of Possibility: Reading Roger Simon in the Wake of Ferguson, Missouri.

ABSTRACTRecent examples of police brutality perpetrated against black bodies have called into question issues of class and race relations in the USA. State forms like schooling reconstitute social and racial inequities and allow the perpetuation of abuses. In this cultural moment, this essay turns to two texts by Roger Simon, Teaching Against the Grain and A Pedagogy of Witnessing to examine what it might mean to teach for engagement and solidarity, or what he calls a pedagogy of possibility. After a brief overview of the first book, we focus in on two particular sections, “Teachers as Cultural Workers” and “Pedagogy as Political Practice” to examine Simon's ideas regarding cultural work in public spaces as a precursor to freedom. Our purpose is to create a conceptual foundation upon which we can situate Simon's work in his second book. Then we examine the second book as an enactment of the first. Finally we turn to recent events in Ferguson, Missouri and the pedagogical outpouring of online materials att...
Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Avermectin B1 on the Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Laboratory studies were conducted to estimate the minimum application rate of Avermectin B1 necessary for 90% reduction of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman larva populations in the field, the most advantageous time during larva population development for application, the chemical’s effects when applied to eggs, and latent effects on the progeny of insects surviving treatment in the last instar. The earliest time to achieve 85–95% mortality was ca. 30 days after emergence of the first group of second instars from diapause. Field-application rates were estimated to be 3.5, 7.1, and 10.6 g/ha (if Avermectin B1 is rainfast) or 4.4, 8.8, and 13.3 g/ha (if it is not rainfast). Concentrations of 0.071 and 0.71 g/ha significantly inhibited subsequent development of larvae treated as eggs, while the effects of lower concentrations were not significant. The fecundity of mated adult survivors sprayed with Avermectin B1 at LC50 as sixth instars was not affected, but the fertility of their eggs was significantly reduced. Sterility, rather than inhibition of hatching, appeared to account for the fertility effect. These results suggest that Avermectin B1 might be an alternative to conventional chemicals used for C. occidentalis management.
Epitope tagging permits cell surface detection of functional CFTR.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a phosphorylation-activated Cl channel responsible for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-induced Cl secretion across the ...
Construction and Analysis of Speech Recognition System of Continual HMM

Some basic concepts of speech recognition are introduced.And the course of dual threshold endpoint detection is detailedly introduced by flow chart.Continual HMM was used as model of system.The three basic problems met in the course of realizing system are analyzed and the corresponding solutions are provided.The accuracy can reach to 95% by using system which recognized different voice commands of different people.
Progress on Hybrid Rice with Good Quality and Higher Yield Bred by Two Lines Method in Guizhou

The paper introduces the progress on hybrid rice with good quality and higher yield bred by two lines method in Guizhou Rice Institute and the farmers can increase their income by planting hybrid rice to meet the needs of the quality rice market in Guizhou,and considers that the new hybrid rice combinations bred by the two lines method can coordinate the contradiction between quality and yield of hybrid rice.
The 2015 guidelines for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an important chapter in the evolution of the management of patients with IPF

During the past 15 years, clinical practice guidelines have evolved from the consensus-based opinions of experts to evidence-based documents developed using a rigorous systematic approach. In 2000, a selected panel of international experts in the field of interstitial lung diseases developed a guideline for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1]. The guideline was based upon the consensus opinions of the few expert panel members; the panel members' decisions were not informed by a systematic review of the literature, meaning that there was no formal synthesis of the evidence or appraisal of the quality of the evidence. Despite these limitations, the guideline was considered state of the art for the time. It provided important direction to clinicians, including the first concrete definition for IPF, and provoked new studies. During the following decade, abundant evidence accumulated at a rapid rate, making it difficult for the average clinician to synthesise, interpret, and apply the evidence to their clinical practice. To address this, and to improve upon the previous document, the IPF guideline was updated in 2011 using an evidence-based approach for the first time [2]. The updated guideline redefined IPF using precise diagnostic criteria based on the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of IPF; it also it provided evidence-based treatment recommendations for the first time in the field of IPF. 2015 guidelines for treatment of IPF empowers the clinician and patient to make individualised treatment decisions
Abstract 142: Mutation and immune profiles in early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts for 20-30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). There are limited treatment strategies for LUSC in part due to our inadequate understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the disease. We sought to perform whole-exome sequencing (WES), comprehensive immune profiling and clinicopathological analysis of early-stage LUSCs to increase our understanding of the pathobiology of this malignancy. METHODS: Matched pairs of surgically resected stage I-III LUSCs and normal lung tissues (n = 108) were analyzed by WES. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis-based profiling of 10 immune markers was done on a subset of LUSCs (n = 91). Associations among mutations, immune markers and clinicopathological variables were statistically examined using ANOVA and Fisher tests. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for statistical analysis of clinical outcome. RESULTS: This early-stage LUSC cohort displayed an average of 209 exonic mutations per tumor. Fourteen genes exhibited significant enrichment for mutation: TP53, MLL2, PIK3CA, NFE2L2, CDH8, KEAP1, PTEN, ADCY8, PTPRT, CALCR, GRM8, FBXW7, RB1 and CDKN2A. Among mutated genes associated with poor recurrence-free survival, MLL2 mutations predicted poor prognosis in both TP53 mutant and wild type LUSCs. We also found that in treated patients, FBXW7 and KEAP1 mutations were associated with poor response to adjuvant therapy, particularly in TP53-mutant tumors. Analysis of mutations with immune markers revealed that ADCY8 and PIK3CA mutations were associated with markedly decreased tumoral PD-L1 expression, LUSCs with PIK3CA mutations exhibited elevated CD45ro levels and CDKN2A-mutant tumors displayed an up-regulated immune response. CONCLUSION: Our findings pinpoint mutated genes that may impact clinical outcome as well as personalized strategies for targeted immunotherapies in early-stage LUSC. Citation Format: Murim Choi, Humam Kadara, Jiexin Zhang, Edwin Parra Cuentas, Jaime Rodriguez Canales, Stephen G. Gaffney, Zi-Ming Zhao, Carmen Behrens, Junya Fujimoto, Chi-Wan Chow, Neda Kalhor, Cesar Moran, David Rimm, Stephen Swisher, Don L. Gibbons, John V. Heymach, Edward Kaftan, Jeffrey Townsend, Thomas J. Lynch, Joseph Schlessinger, J. Jack Lee, Richard Lifton, Roy S. Herbst, Ignacio I. Wistuba. Mutation and immune profiles in early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 142.
Theology and Disability: Reexamining Scripture as It Applies to Stuttering

Persons who stutter have struggled for centuries in ableist societies. As a result, they have experienced fear, anxiety, avoidance tendencies, and low self-esteem. This paper examines disability and stuttering in the context of the Old and New Testament, focusing on historical characters such as Jacob and Mephibosheth, and biblical principles such as those expressed by Jesus and the apostle Paul. In light of the disability theology suggested by scripture, the author suggests that we forge a more disability-friendly society, and also argues that people who stutter can find freedom and self-acceptance to live joyful and productive lives by being transformed by the love of God.
College Savings Plans: Not Just for Education

Although section 529, under which tax preferred college savings accounts may be established, was enacted to alleviate the large financial burden of paying for a taxpayer's family members' higher education, it has provided taxpayers with the potential for additional income, gift, and estate tax benefits unintended by the very generous statute. The government's advance notice of proposed rule making cites several of those tax avoidance schemes, proposes some solutions, and asks the public for its recommendations to curb those abuses.
Flexibility Matters: Cooperative Active Sites in Covalent Organic Framework and Threaded Ionic Polymer

The combination of two or more reactive centers working in concert on a substrate to facilitate the reaction is now considered state of the art in catalysis, yet there still remains a tremendous challenge. Few heterogeneous systems of this sort have been exploited, as the active sites spatially separated within the rigid framework are usually difficult to cooperate. It is now shown that this roadblock can be surpassed. The underlying principle of the strategy presented here is the integration of catalytic components with excellent flexibility and porous heterogeneous catalysts, as demonstrated by the placement of linear ionic polymers in close proximity to surface Lewis acid active sites anchored on the walls of a covalent organic framework (COF). Using the cycloaddition of the epoxides and CO2 as a model reaction, dramatic activity improvements have been achieved for the composite catalysts in relation to the individual catalytic component. Furthermore, they also clearly outperform the benchmark catalyti...
Skin Cancer Prevention Among Hispanics: a Review of the Literature

We review the existing scientific literature regarding skin cancer in Hispanics to aid in formulating a research agenda for prevention targeted to this at-risk population. Hispanics are a diverse population with a rising incidence of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics have poorer disease outcomes and higher rates of acral lentiginous melanoma, an aggressive subtype. Hispanics practice suboptimal sun protection and skin surveillance behaviors and experience rates of sunburn comparable with non-Hispanic whites. Despite these risk behaviors, little skin cancer education and prevention has been targeted to this population. Further research is warranted to understand the interplay of biological, psychosocial, cultural, and health care factors influencing skin cancer prevention behaviors and outcomes in Hispanics. We recommend future investigation into the histological, sociocultural, and health care differences and disparities among Hispanics and within subpopulations to develop tailored, culturally informed prevention strategies.
Further Overstatements of a Phenomenological Behaviorist

To say that observation is ‘basic’ is to say that observations are the necessary, but not sufficient, condition for either the adduction of generalizations, or the rejection of theory-generated propositions. Dr. Weimer and I seem to be in agreement that the observational statements now available are distorted by the conceptual systems now in vogue. ‘Naive’ observing means observing and reporting by an observer who is as free from preconceptions as it is possible for him to make himself. I am neither a justificationist, nor a total immersionist. I believe neither in the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary into heaven, nor of observations into truth. I am saying that we need to look again, and make some fresh observations on events that we have ignored or have reduced to vacuity in our attempt to “reproduce” them in the laboratory, in the context of an “experimental methodology” suited to the dead rather than to the living.
Oxygen nanobubbles revert hypoxia by methylation programming

Targeting the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has a broad impact in cancer epigenetics and therapeutics. Oxygen encapsulated nanosize carboxymethyl cellulosic nanobubbles were developed for mitigating the hypoxic regions of tumors to weaken the hypoxia-driven pathways and inhibit tumor growth. We show that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hypomethylation in hypoxic regions of a tumor can be reverted to enhance cancer treatment by epigenetic regulation, using oxygen nanobubbles in the sub-100 nm size range, both, in vitro and in vivo. Oxygen nanobubbles were effective in significantly delaying tumor progression and improving survival rates in mice models. Further, significant hypermethylation was observed in promoter DNA region of BRCA1 due to oxygen nanobubble (ONB) treatment. The nanobubbles can also reprogram several hypoxia associated and tumor suppressor genes such as MAT2A and PDK-1, in addition to serving as an ultrasound contrast agent. Our approach to develop nanosized oxygen encapsulated bubbles as an ultrasound contrast agent for methylation reversal is expected to have a significant impact in epigenetic programming and to serve as an adjuvant to cancer treatment.
Puntuación de la escala de Norton al ingreso y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados en Medicina Interna

Resumen Objetivo Determinar la asociacion entre la puntuacion de la escala de Norton (que valora el riesgo de padecer ulceras por presion) y la mortalidad a corto, medio y largo plazo en los pacientes hospitalizados en Medicina Interna. Pacientes y metodos Estudio de cohortes prospectivo, unicentrico, de pacientes ingresados en los meses de octubre de 2010, y enero, mayo y octubre de 2011. Se recogieron la edad, sexo, indice de Barthel, escala de Norton, presencia de ulceras por presion, categoria diagnostica mayor, estancia hospitalaria y peso del grupo relacionado de diagnostico. Se dividio a los pacientes segun las categorias de riesgo de la escala de Norton. El seguimiento fue de 3 anos. Resultados Se incluyeron 624 pacientes con una edad mediana (rango intercuartilico) de 79 (17) anos y una puntuacion mediana en la escala de Norton de 16 (7). Durante el ingreso fallecieron 74 (11,9%) pacientes, a los 6 meses 176 (28,2%), al ano 212 (34,0%), y a los 3 anos 296 (47,4%). La mortalidad fue mayor en las categorias de mas riesgo en la escala de Norton. La puntuacion en la escala de Norton se asocio de forma independiente con la mortalidad a los 6 meses (p Conclusiones La escala de Norton es util para predecir el pronostico a corto, medio y largo plazo en pacientes ingresados en Medicina Interna.
Comparison of outpatient medically attended and community-level influenza-like illness-New York City, 2013-2015.

Background Surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the United States is primarily conducted through medical settings despite a significant burden of non-medically attended ILI. Objectives To assess consistency between surveillance for respiratory viruses in outpatient and community settings using ILI surveillance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project (IISP) and the Mobile Surveillance for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Influenza-Like Illness in the Community (MoSAIC) Study. Methods The Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project conducts ILI surveillance in 3 primary care clinics in New York City, and MoSAIC conducts community-based ILI/ARI surveillance through text messaging among a cohort of New York City residents. Both systems obtain respiratory specimens from participants with ILI/ARI and test for multiple pathogens. We conducted a retrospective review of ILI cases in IISP and MoSAIC from January 2013 to May 2015 with descriptive analyses of clinical and laboratory data. Results Five-hundred twelve MoSAIC and 669 IISP participants met an ILI criteria (fever with cough or sore throat) and were included. Forty percent of MoSAIC participants sought care; the majority primary care. Pathogens were detected in 63% of MoSAIC and 70% of IISP cases. The relative distribution of influenza and other respiratory viruses detected was similar; however, there were statistically significant differences in the frequency that were not explained by care seeking. Conclusions Outpatient and community-based surveillance in the one found similar timing and relative distribution of respiratory viruses, but community surveillance in a single neighborhood may not fully capture the variations in ILI etiology that occur more broadly.