cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Taok2 Controls Behavioral Response to Ethanol in Mice

Despite recent advances in the understanding of ethanol's biological action, many of the molecular targets of ethanol and mechanisms behind ethanol's effect on behavior remain poorly understood. In an effort to identify novel genes, the products of which regulate behavioral responses to ethanol, we recently identified a mutation in the dtao gene that confers resistance to the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol in Drosophila. dtao encodes a member of the Ste20 family of serine/threonine kinases implicated in MAP kinase signaling pathways. In this study, we report that conditional ablation of the mouse dtao homolog, Taok2, constitutively and specifically in the nervous system, results in strain-specific and overlapping alterations in ethanol-dependent behaviors. These data suggest a functional conservation of dtao and Taok2 in mediating ethanol's biological action and identify Taok2 as a putative candidate gene for ethanol use disorders in humans.
Social Networks, the Tertius Iungens Orientation, and Involvement in Innovation:

This study examines the microprocesses in the social networks of those involved in organizational innovation and their strategic behavioral orientation toward connecting people in their social network by either introducing disconnected individuals or facilitating new coordination between connected individuals. This tertius iungens (or “third who joins”) strategic orientation, contrasts with the tertius gaudens orientation emphasized in structural holes theory, which concerns the advantage of a broker who can play people off against one another for his or her own benefit. Results of a multimethod study of networks and innovation in an engineering division of an automotive manufacturer show that a tertius iungens orientation, dense social networks, and diverse social knowledge predict involvement in innovation. Implications of the study for innovation and social networks, as well as for social skill and agency within firms are presented.
Some key problems in evaluating R&D performance

Abstract After reviewing some basic shortcomings—on both the input and output sides—of most efforts to appraise the effectiveness of RD RD and the R&D performance of a given firm in comparison with that of its competitors. Attention turns finally to the role of management in developing more effective bases for evaluating the quality and effectiveness of the firm's R&D performance.
Transient heat pump behaviour: a theoretical investigation

Abstract A detailed mathematical model of vapour compression heat pumps is described. Model equations of the various heat pump components are given. The component models include the condenser, evaporator, accumulator, expansion device, and compressor. A brief discussion of the modelling techniques is presented, as is the solution methodology. Preliminary simulation results are also illustrated. The model developed predicts the spatial values of temperature and enthalpy as functions of time for the two heat exchangers. The temperatures and enthalpies in the accumulator, compressor and expansion device are modelled in lumped-parameter fashion. Pressure responses are determined by using continuity satisfying models for both the condenser and evaporator. The summary provides a list of future work anticipated in the area of dynamic heat pump modelling.
Information concepts and their utility

The concept of information is examined within the framework of the Mathematical Theory of Communication and semiotics, the study of signs and sign systems. The implications of these theories for the better understanding of information as we deal with this concept in the context of information systems are discussed.
Vaccination adherence in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: a pilot study on the impact of vaccination cards and reminder telephone calls

Background The Karmanos Cancer Center Bone Marrow Transplant (KCC BMT) Center updated the vaccination protocol for transplant patients based on joint guidelines recently published by European Bone Marrow Transplantation, Centers for Disease Control, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation. The objectives for this study were to determine the impact of vaccination cards and telephone outreach on vaccine adherence and to determine the reasons for missed or delayed vaccinations. Methods Retrospective analysis consisted of autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients at the KCC BMT Clinic who received vaccines based on the guidelines published in 2009. Adherence was calculated as percentage of vaccines missed over the vaccination period. Results Overall, 37 of 111 patients (33%) missed at least 1 vaccine set and 29 patients (26%) received 1 set later than recommended. Reasons for missed and delayed vaccines included neutropenia/thrombocytopenia, anticoagulation, active infection, and graft-versus-host complications. Conclusions Current guidelines recommend a complex vaccination schedule for the HSCT recipients, which may lead to difficulties with adherence. Our study shows that missed and delayed vaccinations are common in both autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients. Methods to improve adherence are needed.
Game-theoretic analysis of an aerial jamming attack on a UAV communication network

In this paper, we consider a differential game theoretic approach to compute optimal strategies by a team of UAVs to evade the attack of an aerial jammer on the communication channel. We formulate the problem as a zero-sum pursuit-evasion game. The cost function is the termination time of the game. We use Isaacs' approach to derive the necessary conditions to arrive at the equations governing the saddle-point strategies of the players. We illustrate the results through simulations.
Hip Pro III with animations.

Hip Pro III with animations: application review Application last updated: 6 November 2014 Developer: SD4Medical in collaboration with Stanford University School of Medicine Size: 459 MB Language: English Compatibility: OS X 10.8 or later; 64-Bit processor
Developmental Profile of H19 Differentially Methylated Domain (DMD) Deletion Alleles Reveals Multiple Roles of the DMD in Regulating Allelic Expression and DNA Methylation at the Imprinted H19/Igf2 Locus

The differentially methylated domain (DMD) of the mouse H19 gene is a methylation-sensitive insulator that blocks access of the Igf2 gene to shared enhancers on the maternal allele and inactivates H19 expression on the methylated paternal allele. By analyzing H19 DMD deletion alleles H19DeltaDMD and H19Delta3.8kb-5'H19 in pre- and postimplantation embryos, we show that the DMD exhibits positive transcriptional activity and is required for H19 expression in blastocysts and full activation of H19 during subsequent development. We also show that the DMD is required to establish Igf2 imprinting by blocking access to shared enhancers when Igf2 monoallelic expression is initiated in postimplantation embryos and that the single remaining CTCF site of the H19DeltaDMD allele is unable to provide this function. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that sequence outside of the DMD can attract some paternal-allele-specific CpG methylation 5' of H19 in preimplantation embryos, although this methylation is not maintained during postimplantation in the absence of the DMD. Finally, we report a conditional allele floxing the 1.6-kb sequence deleted from the H19DeltaDMD allele and demonstrate that the DMD is required to maintain repression of the maternal Igf2 allele and the full activity of the paternal Igf2 allele in neonatal liver.
Sensory symptoms in acquired neuromyotonia

Clinical descriptions of Isaacs' syndrome, or acquired neuromyotonia, usually emphasize motor phenomena including stiffness, myokymia, cramps, and delayed muscle relaxation. Electrophysiologic studies demonstrate signs of motor nerve hyperexcitability, including fasciculations, myokymia, and neuromyotonia. Symptoms of sensory nerve hyperexcitability are less well-recognized features. Three patients with Isaacs' syndrome presented with prominent sensory symptomatology creating diagnostic confusion with polyneuropathy or myelopathy. ### Patient 1. A 45-year-old woman was referred for possible polyneuropathy. She presented with 7 weeks of nocturnal leg numbness, resolving over a few seconds after shaking her legs. She continued with frequent brief episodes of transient numbness or tingling in various distributions, progressing to involve the arms, torso, and neck. These could occur without a clear precipitant, but were often related to brief compression or stretching. At about the same time she noted almost constant involuntary twitching of the hands with occasional painless spasms and difficulty with relaxation. She described an episode of total body trembling and sweating which lasted 5 minutes. The neurologic examination was normal except for prominent clinical myokymia in intrinsic hand muscles (see video clips on the Neurology Web site at WWW.neurology.org). Multiple Tinel's signs were noted. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) showed compound muscle action potential (CMAP) repetitive afterdischarges, without polyneuropathy. EMG revealed prominent myokymic and rarer neuromyotonic discharges restricted …
Incorporating Uncertainty Into the Ranking of SPARROW Model Nutrient Yields From Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin Watersheds

Excessive loads of nutrients transported by tributary rivers have been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Management efforts to reduce the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico and improve the water quality of rivers and streams could benefit from targeting nutrient reductions toward watersheds with the highest nutrient yields delivered to sensitive downstream waters. One challenge is that most conventional watershed modeling approaches (e.g., mechanistic models) used in these management decisions do not consider uncertainties in the predictions of nutrient yields and their downstream delivery. The increasing use of parameter estimation procedures to statistically estimate model coefficients, however, allows uncertainties in these predictions to be reliably estimated. Here, we use a robust bootstrapping procedure applied to the results of a previous application of the hybrid statistical/mechanistic watershed model SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) to develop a statistically reliable method for identifying “high priority” areas for management, based on a probabilistic ranking of delivered nutrient yields from watersheds throughout a basin. The method is designed to be used by managers to prioritize watersheds where additional stream monitoring and evaluations of nutrient-reduction strategies could be undertaken. Our ranking procedure incorporates information on the confidence intervals of model predictions and the corresponding watershed rankings of the delivered nutrient yields. From this quantified uncertainty, we estimate the probability that individual watersheds are among a collection of watersheds that have the highest delivered nutrient yields. We illustrate the application of the procedure to 818 eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code watersheds in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin by identifying 150 watersheds having the highest delivered nutrient yields to the Gulf of Mexico. Highest delivered yields were from watersheds in the Central Mississippi, Ohio, and Lower Mississippi River basins. With 90% confidence, only a few watersheds can be reliably placed into the highest 150 category; however, many more watersheds can be removed from consideration as not belonging to the highest 150 category. Results from this ranking procedure provide robust information on watershed nutrient yields that can benefit management efforts to reduce nutrient loadings to downstream coastal waters, such as the Gulf of Mexico, or to local receiving streams and reservoirs.
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL ANKLE INSTABILITY AND BALANCE EXERCISE TREATMENT

Lateral ankle inversion sprains occur frequently in sports and recreational activities. Although the majority of patients recover completely after their first moderate/severe ankle sprain, disabling symptoms of pain and swelling, feelings of instability, and recurrent sprains continue to affect 15% 60% of people despite treatments [1]. There are conflicting results in literature regarding the role of suggested etiological factors of Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) including ankle joint laxity, proprioceptive deficiencies, peroneal muscle weakness, and the elongated muscle response time. In spite of the disagreement regarding CAI etiological factors, balance training is widely used in rehabilitation clinics for patients with CAI [2]. Past studies have reported the effect of balance training on CAI, but strong evidence with a definitive result is still missing. Furthermore, the mechanism that explains the effect of balance training on CAI is still unclear [2]. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of balance training intervention on the ankle joint laxity, peroneal muscle weakness, and ankle proprioception in patients with CAI using quantitative biomechanical and neuromuscular measurements.
Thermal Analysis of Stratified Storage Tanks

This paper presents theoretical and experimental studies on the stratification decay in stratified storage tanks. The effects of the thicknesses of tank wall and thermal insulation were discussed. The experimental results showed that the outside insulation can enhance tank wall axial conduction which tends to degrade the stratification. However, the reduction of heat loss outweighs the enhancement of axial conduction and better stratification is still maintained when compared to a bare wall tank. The axial conduction enhancement is sensitive to the wall thickness for the same thickness of insulation, however, it is not strongly dependent on the insulation thickness for identical thick wall. The addition of inside insulation is helpful in preserving stratification. A two-dimensional laminar flow model was also developed to interpret the temperature and flow fields inside storage tanks and the numerical results were compared with the experimental data.
Endocannabinoids in pain modulation.

Five major approaches have been employed to determine the role of endocannabinoids in pain modulation: (1) studies of various markers of endocannabinoid action aimed at determining whether the necessary cannabinoid biochemical machinery is present in those brain areas that control pain sensitivity; (2) administration of exogenous cannabinoids to determine whether endocannabinoid action at appropriate sites would lead to a loss of pain sensitivity; (3) administration of compounds that would affect endocannabinoid action such as antagonists and transport inhibitors to determine whether drug-induced preterbation of cannabinoid action would alter pain sensitivity; (4) studies of genetically altered animals aimed at determining whether pain responses or responses to cannabinergic drugs are altered; and (5) studies that measure the release of endocannabinoids. Converging evidence from each of these research areas indicates that endocannabinods function to control pain in parallel with endogenous opioids but via different mechanisms.
Comparison of the Structural and Functional Properties of the Viral and Cellular src Gene Products

The oncogenic transformation of cells in culture and the induction of tumors in animals by some retroviruses are due to the expression of transformation-specific viral genes (v-onc genes; reviewed in Ref. 1). These genes were acquired from normal cells via recombination between the retroviral genome and genes in host cell DNA (c-onc or protooncogenes; reviewed in Ref. 2). The v-onc genes are homologous to their cellular progenitor, but often contain mutations that are responsible for activating the oncogenic potential of the c-onc genes. Cellular protooncogenes have been highly conserved throughout evolution, suggesting that their protein products perform essential functions in normal cells. This review will focus on investigations of the viral and cellular src genes and their protein products, which have provided a model system for the analysis of oncogenic transformation. This will include (1) a comparison of the structural and functional differences between the nononcogenic cellular src gene product and the oncogenic viral src protein of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), (2) a discussion of the expression of the cellular src gene product in various normal cells, and (3) an analysis of the regulation of pp60c-src functional activity in different cell types.
Parameter conditioning with a noisy Monte Carlo genetic algorithm for estimating effective soil hydraulic properties from space

[1] The estimation of effective soil hydraulic parameters and their uncertainties is a critical step in all large-scale hydrologic and climatic model applications. Here a scale-dependent (top-down) parameter estimation (inverse modeling) scheme called the noisy Monte Carlo genetic algorithm (NMCGA) was developed and tested for estimating these effective soil hydraulic parameters and their uncertainties. We tested our method using three case studies involving a synthetic pixel (pure and mixed) where all modeling conditions are known, and with actual airborne remote sensing (RS) footprints and a satellite RS footprint. In the synthetic case studies under pure (one soil texture) and mixed-pixel (multiple soil textures) conditions, NMCGA performed well in estimating the effective soil hydraulic parameters even with pixel complexities contributed by various soil types and land management practices (rain-fed/irrigated). With the airborne and satellite remote sensing cases, NMCGA also performed well for estimating effective soil hydraulic properties so that when applied in forward stochastic simulation modeling it can mimic large-scale soil moisture dynamics. The results also suggest a possible scaling down of the effective soil water retention curve θ(h) at the larger satellite remote sensing pixel compared with the airborne remote sensing pixel. However, it did not generally imply that all effective soil hydraulic parameters should scale down like the soil water retention curve. The reduction of the soil hydraulic parameters was most profound in the saturated soil moisture content (θsat) as we relaxed progressively the soil hydraulic parameter search spaces in our satellite remote sensing studies. Overall, the NMCGA framework was found to be very promising in the inverse modeling of remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture for estimating the effective soil hydraulic parameters and their uncertainties at the remote sensing footprint/climate model grid.
On the database/network interface in large-scale publish/subscribe systems

The work performed by a publish/subscribe system can conceptually be divided into subscription processing and notification dissemination. Traditionally, research in the database and networking communities has focused on these aspects in isolation. The interface between the database server and the network is often overlooked by previous research. At one extreme, database servers are directly responsible for notifying individual subscribers; at the other extreme, updates are injected directly into the network, and the network is solely responsible for processing subscriptions and forwarding notifications. These extremes are unsuitable for complex and stateful subscription queries. A primary goal of this paper is to explore the design space between the two extremes, and to devise solutions that incorporate both database-side and network-side considerations in order to reduce the communication and server load and maintain system scalability. Our techniques apply to a broad range of stateful query types, and we present solutions for several of them. Our detailed experiments based on real and synthetic workloads with varying characteristics and link-level network simulation show that by exploiting the query semantics and building an appropriate interface between the database and the network, it is possible to achieve orders-of-magnitude savings in network traffic at low server-side processing cost.
Convergence of two-level maintenance (military systems)

The major supportability issue facing the US Department of Defense in the 1990s is increased operational availability of weapon platforms while reducing the logistic pipeline. The systems engineering methodology is discussed, along with a transition plan for existing systems that converges on two levels of maintenance. The proposed approach is top-down and structured for supportability through the life cycle of the system. The major focus is on integrated diagnostics and reconfigurable hardware for onboard fault management. >
α-melanocyte stimulating hormone suppresses intracerebral tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β gene expression following transient cerebral ischemia in mice

Abstract Following stroke, an intracerebral inflammatory response develops that may contribute to postischemic central nervous system injury. This study's objective was to determine whether the anti-inflammatory neuropeptide α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) can suppress postischemic activation of intracerebral tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression. Ipsilateral TNF-α levels were increased in cerebrocortical territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) following transient unilateral MCA occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion in mice, and systemic α-MSH treatment (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed this increase. Systemic α-MSH treatment also inhibited the marked increases in cortical TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels following MCAO, and reduced the intracerebral TNF-α protein levels seen after transient global ischemia. We conclude that α-MSH treatment suppresses intracerebral proinflammatory cytokine gene expression following transient cerebral ischemia, suggesting that systemically administered melanocortins may exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia.
Louise Chawla (Ed.), Growing Up in an Urbanising World(London: Earthscan Publications/UNESCO Publishing, 2002). David Driskell, Creating Better Cities with Children and Youth: A Manual for Participation(London: Earthscan Publications/UNESCO Publishing, 2002).

In the 1970s, Kevin Lynch began a project with UNESCO to learn directly from children how they perceive and use their urban environments. His work with seven sites in four countries was published a...
Vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism of sodium hyaluronate oligosaccharides and polymer segments.

The CD spectrum of an enzymatically derived sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) segment preparation with chain length 18 ± 3 disaccharide units [NaHAseg, ( NaGlcUA GlcNAc)15–20°. NaGlcUA, sodium D-glucuronate; GlcNAc, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose] in H2O was recorded to 180 nm using a computer-controlled vacuum-uv CD instrument. Near 190 nm the spectrum is of low intensity, similar to the sum of the free monosaccharide contributios, attributed to the π–π* transitions of the acetamido and carboxylate substituents. In contrast, much smaller oligosaccharides, also derived from high-molecular-weight NaHA by enzymatic digestions, show CD spectra in H2O with prominent bands centered near 190 nm. The oligosaccharide spectra can be matched as linear combinations of interior sugar residue ( NaHAseg) and end sugar residue CD contributions. End residues from oligosaccharides of the type (NaGlcUA-GlcNAc)n show a negative CD band near 190 nm. End residues from oligosaccharides of the reverse sequence (GlcNAc-NaGlcUA)n show a positive CD band near 190 nm. Averaging of the two end-residue spectral contributions yields an approximate match for the spectrum of NAHAseg below 200 nm. It is proposed that the low intensity CD of NaHA in the π–π* region is the result of large-magnitude, oppositely signed contributions, which can be visulized by studying oligosaccharides.
Urea Utilization by Leptospira

One representative of each of five different pathogenic serotypes of Leptospira as well as one saprophytic strain were capable of growing on medium containing urea in place of an ammonium salt as a nitrogen source. Growth of all of the organisms tested on 1% urea was substantial, but only those that exhibited strong urease activity could grow to any appreciable extent on urea at a concentration as high as 2%. Intact urea-grown cells of the pathogenic serotypes tested (grippotyphosa and icterohaemorrhagiae) exhibited urease activity, with the level of activity of the former being considerably greater. No urease could be detected in cells of the saprophytic strain. When the pathogenic leptospires were sonicated or treated with toluene, the urease activity was greatly enhanced. When cultivated on NH4Cl, neither intact nor disrupted cells of any of the strains tested exhibited any urease activity. Cells of the grippotyphosa and icterohaemorrhagiae strains exhibited diauxic growth when cultivated in the presence of both NH4Cl and urea, whereas only monophasic growth could be detected for the saprophytic test strain. The experimental data on urea utilization and urease activity, when considered in the light of previously reported findings on leptospiral pathology, renal physiology, and the role of urease in other bacterial infections, suggests a significant role for leptospiral urease (in addition to other factors) in determining localization of the organism in the kidney and contributing to the resultant kidney pathology.
Therapeutic angiogenesis: time for the next phase.

Restoring blood flow is the most effective means to limit damage to ischemic tissue. Since the 1960s, surgical placement of bypass grafts for coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral vascular disease has effectively and durably restored blood flow to ischemic tissue. Nonsurgical
What Else Do Design Professionals Need to Know About Sustainable Buildings Investment? A New Assessment Approach

Design professionals typically do not report the true value of sustainable building to their clients in reliable and understandable terms. It is necessary for designers, particularly architects, to understand how investment professionals value their investment choices, what techniques traditionally they use to evaluate their alternatives, and how they account for risk and uncertainty in their investment decision making process. In this paper, first, the deficiency of current building performance tools, such as building simulation programs, sustainability certifications, simple financial methods and building performance-based techniques in evaluation of sustainable buildings are presented. Recommendations are then provided regarding the additional knowledge of financial, risk and uncertainty modeling that designers need if they want to estimate and communicate a more complete assessment of value to the real estate decision makers. The Discounted Cash Flow approach is explained as a financial method, capable of incorporating all costs, benefits and risks for estimating the value. The Monte Carlo simulation is suggested for modeling uncertainties inherent in the evaluation process. Finally, a new assessment process is proposed to align the environmental and social benefits with economic returns of sustainability and to thoroughly evaluate the true value of sustainable buildings, while explicitly including uncertainty.
Linkage Map for Aedes aegypti Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms

We report construction of a genetic linkage map for the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The map consists of 50 DNA markers that identify 53 loci covering 134 map units across three linkage groups. Determination of linkage associations between RFLP markers and several mutant marker loci allowed for partial integration of the RFLP markers with an existing classical genetic linkage map for A. aegypti. The RFLP markers include 42 random cDNA clones, three random genomic DNA clones, and five cDNA clones of known genes. We discuss the influence of autosomal sex determination, characteristic of culicine mosquitoes, in relation to its observed influence on segregation ratios. This has important ramifications for future efforts to identify quantitative trait loci associated with the ability of these mosquitoes to transmit various pathogens and parasites to man and other animals.
From where do tweets originate?: a GIS approach for user location inference

A number of natural language processing and text-mining algorithms have been developed to extract the geospatial cues (e.g., place names) to infer locations of content creators from publicly available information, such as text content, online social profiles, and the behaviors or interactions of users from social networks. These studies, however, can only successfully infer user locations at city levels with relatively decent accuracy, while much higher resolution is required for meaningful spatiotemporal analysis in geospatial fields. Additionally, geographical cues exploited by current text-based approaches are hidden in the unreliable, unstructured, informal, ungrammatical, and multilingual data, and therefore are hard to extract and make meaningful correctly. Instead of using such hidden geographic cues, this paper develops a GIS approach that can infer the true origin of tweets down to the zip code level by using and mining spatial (geo-tags) and temporal (timestamps when a message was posted) information recorded on user digital footprints. Further, individual major daily activity zones and mobility can be successfully inferred and predicted. By integrating GIS data and spatiotemporal clustering methods, this proposed approach can infer individual daily physical activity zones with spatial resolution as high as 20 m by 20 m or even higher depending on the number of digit footprints collected for social media users. The research results with detailed spatial resolution are necessary and useful for various applications such as human mobility pattern analysis, business site selection, disease control, or transportation systems improvement.
Inhibition of insulin degradation by amino acids and related compounds.

SummaryIn an in vitro system using in-sulin-I131 and a special liver preparation which degrades insulin, it has been shown that certain amino acids and related compounds inhibit insulin-I131 degradation, as measured by the accumulation of trichloracetic acid soluble radioactivity. Marked inhibition was demonstrated using cystine, ergothioneine, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, isoleucine, tryptophane, indole-3-acetic acid, and casein hy-drolysate (Amigen). In the concentrations tested no significant inhibition was exerted by glutamine, glycine, β-alanine, asparagine, arginine, serine, threonine, leucine, methionine, histidine, hydroxyproline or tyrosine.
Gastric H+-K+-ATPase in situ: relation to secretory state

Isolated gastric glands from rabbit were used to measure the gastric H+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and its partial reaction, a K+ p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (pNPPase), in situ. Measurement of the enzyme activities required permeabilization of the cells with digitonin and the use of several ATPase inhibitors to reduce nonspecific activity. The enzyme activities were identified as the H+-K+-ATPase according to the following criteria: dependence on K+, association with parietal cells, insensitivity to ouabain and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, and inhibition by the specific inhibitors omeprazole and Sch 28080. K+-stimulated ATPase, but not K+-pNPPase, was enhanced by K+ ionophores, valinomycin and nigericin, with nigericin resulting in the greatest activity. Comparison of tissues that were preincubated to establish resting and stimulated states showed that prestimulation results in an increase in K+-stimulated ATPase activity with no change in the total activit...
The Future of Performance Ratings: Collected Thoughts From Six Emerging Scholars

During the fall 2015 semester, I (i.e., the last author of this response) taught a doctoral seminar on performance appraisal. Although this course was a general survey of research and theory regarding work performance and performance appraisal processes and methods, we also talked extensively about the value of performance ratings to organizations, raters, and ratees. It was indeed serendipitous that this focal article came out when it did. As part of the final examination requirements (and, admittedly, as a pedagogical experiment), I asked the six PhD students in this course (i.e., the first six authors of this response) to read and respond to the Adler et al. ( 2016 ) debate regarding the relative merits of performance ratings. To highlight the perspectives of this next generation of industrial and organizational psychologists, I have collected here various representative comments offered by each of these emerging scholars on this issue.
Growth of Perturbations in a Collapsing Protogalaxy

A method is presented for analyzing the evolution of short-wavelength perturbations inside a gas cloud which is undergoing inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic collapse. The method is applied to background collapses having spherical or planar symmetry.
Considerations for Gaining Entry to Conduct Sport Psychology Field Research

Sport psychology research conducted in field settings has expanded considerably in the last decade and a half. However, there has been little formal discussion of a number of important issues concerning the notion of conducting research in ecologically valid settings. Gaining entry to collect data with sport participants is one such issue. This important initial stage of the field research process regards not only the feasibility of collecting data but also the very quality of data that one might be able to collect in the setting. This manuscript presents important guiding considerations for efforts to gain entry to field settings, including personal attributes of the researcher, connections, accounts, knowledge, and courtesy. Social science and sport psychology practitioner literature regarding gaining entry are examined, and relevant examples are integrated into the discussion.
Bounds and self-consistent estimates of the elastic constants of polycrystals

The Hashin-Shtrikman bounds on the elastic constants have been previously calculated for polycrystalline materials with crystallites having general elastic symmetry (triclinic crystallite symmetry). However, the calculation of tighter bounds and the self-consistent estimates of these elastic constants has remained unsolved. In this paper, a general theoretical expression for the self-consistent elastic constants is formulated. An iterative method is used to solve the expression for the self-consistent estimates. Each iteration of the solution gives the next tighter set of bounds including the well-known Voigt-Reuss and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. Thus, all of the bounds on the elastic constants and the self-consistent estimates for any crystallite symmetry are obtained in a single, computationally efficient procedure. The bounds and self-consistent elastic constants are reported for several geophysical materials having crystallites of monoclinic and triclinic symmetries. HighlightsA homogenization model for the elastic constants of polycrystals is given.An iterative solution produces the effective bulk and shear modulus.Voigt-Reuss and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds are obtained within the iterative solution.Self-consistent elastic constants are obtained when the iterative solution converges.The model applies to isotropic polycrystals containing crystallites of any symmetry.
Predictors of Urinary 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Levels in 50 North Carolina Adults

Limited data are available on the non-chemical stressors that impact adult exposures to pyrethroid insecticides based on urinary biomonitoring. The urinary metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), is commonly used to assess human exposure to a number of pyrethroids. In a further analysis of published study data, we quantified urinary 3-PBA levels of 50 adults over a single, 24-h sampling period and examined the associations between the biomarker measurements and selected non-chemical stressors (demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors). A convenience sample of 50 adults was recruited in North Carolina in 2009–2011. Participants collected individual urine voids (up to 11) and filled out activity, food, and pesticide use diaries over a 24-h sampling period. Urine voids (n = 326) were analyzed for 3-PBA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 3-PBA was detected in 98% of the 24-h composited urine samples. The geometric mean urinary 3-PBA level was 1.68 ng/mL in adults. Time spent outside (p = 0.0006) was a highly significant predictor of natural log-transformed (ln) urinary 3-PBA levels, while consumption of coffee (p = 0.007) and breads (p = 0.019) and ln creatinine levels (p = 0.037) were significant predictors of urinary 3-PBA levels. In conclusion, we identified specific factors that substantially increased adult exposures to pyrethroids in their everyday environments.
Rapid quantification of cardiolipin and DOPC lipid and vesicle concentration

A novel approach to quantification of cardiolipin and DOPC lipid and vesicle concentration that is rapid and inexpensive is described. Traditional approaches to quantifying vesicle concentration destroy sample and are often time consuming. Using common laboratory equipment and software, lipid vesicles were reliably quantified allowing for immediate use without significant sample loss. Once calibrated, only absorbance measurements with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer are necessary as input into a Matlab program, which calculates the corresponding vesicle and lipid concentration. Fast and accurate concentration determination for preparations of vesicles is essential for analytical titration experiments necessary for protein/vesicle binding curves.
Design of Chemoresponsive Liquid Crystals through Integration of Computational Chemistry and Experimental Studies

We report the use of computational chemistry methods to design a chemically responsive liquid crystal (LC). Specifically, we used electronic structure calculations to model the binding of nitrile-containing mesogens (4′-n-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile) to metal perchlorate salts (with explicit description of the perchlorate anion), which we call the coordinately saturated anion model (CSAM). The model results were validated against experimental data. We then used the CSAM to predict that selective fluorination can reduce the strength of binding of nitrile-containing nematic LCs to metal-salt-decorated surfaces and thus generate a faster reordering of the LC in response to competitive binding of dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP). We tested this prediction via synthesis of fluorinated compounds 3-fluoro-4′-pentyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile and 4-fluoro-4′-pentyl-1,1′-biphenyl, and subsequent experimental measurements of the orientational response of LCs containing these compounds to DMMP. These experiment...
56: Establishing Optimal Triglyceride Cutoff Values for Chylous Effusion Diagnosis

Background: Disruption of the thoracic duct due to malignancy or trauma can result in a chylous effusion in the chest or abdomen. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent serious complications, including malnutrition and immunodeficiency. Triglyceride (TG) concentration of the accumulating fluid is useful in ruling in or ruling out chylous effusions. Unequivocal diagnosis is made by identification of chylomicrons in the effluent by electrophoresis. Objective: To identify TG decision points with optimal specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing chylous effusion …
Data and Legal Issues

This chapter cites data that give the incidences of corporal punishment per state, both by number and by percentage of the student body. Additional data show the ten most religious states in the US and note the correlation between these states and those with the highest incidences of corporal punishment. Thus, the interconnection of religion and corporal punishment is evident. Data are included that show that the US is one of the few remaining nations that still allow corporal punishment. The chapter examines some legal cases where parents have tried to sue the school districts for the harm done to their children. Especial note is given to the landmark case in 1977, Ingraham v. Wright . The Supreme Court, in a vote of four to five, ruled that corporal punishment does not violate constitutional rights. Although nearly 40 years old, this case is still used to support the noninvolvement of the legal system in school-related corporal punishment.
Napco in 2009: Relaunching the Five Stars Restaurants Project in the Middle East (a)

The area general manager for the National Paper Products Company (Napco) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and for Napco's Consumer Products Company in Dammam, had organized the Riyadh restaurant sector sales force into a more effective mechanism for relationship management and product delivery. The pilot Five Stars Restaurants Project had experienced success in Riyadh, but the first stages of a deploying the Riyadh system to the company's eight other operating areas in Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council has not progressed well. The manager needs to relaunch the rollout plan in order to secure the 20% sales growth results he wants for his company operations. Excerpt UVA-OM-1459 Dec. 8, 2011 NAPCO IN 2009: RELAUNCHING THE FIVE STARS RESTAURANTS PROJECT IN THE MIDDLE EAST (A) The Situation Prior to the Executive Program (TEP) Peter Hatem, area general manager for the National Paper Products Company (Napco) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and for Napco's Consumer Products Company in Dammam, had organized the Riyadh restaurant sector sales force into a more effective mechanism for relationship management and quality product delivery. Napco's pilot Five-Stars Restaurants Project incorporated elements of training, standardized procedures, and new responsibilities and reporting structures. There had been success in Riyadh, as evidenced by an increase in market share—10% to 40% within 18 months. But there had also been several distinct challenges to rolling out the project in other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. . . .
Prostate Cancer in the Elderly Male: Diagnostic and Management Considerations

Along with an aging US population comes the growing need for clinical guidelines inclusive of and specific to this unique group. Prostate cancer (PCa) is increasingly recognized as a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. This review seeks to address the unmet need for standardized PCa screening and management protocols for geriatric men and to synthesize recommendations based on recent literature. Guidelines regarding PCa screening in elderly men are still being optimized, with many organizations moving toward inclusion of pre-screening global health assessment. Physician compliance with screening and treatment of PCa in geriatric patients is suboptimal, despite advanced age being a predictor of advanced disease. Elderly patients may experience treatment-related side effects which differ from their younger counterparts. Providers treating older men are encouraged to utilize comprehensive health assessments which account for comorbidities, functional status, and global well-being, along with shared decision-making, in determining diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.
Applying Trauma Theory to Agency Practice

In this chapter, the goals of achieving safety, permanency, and well-being for traumatized children are aligned with the child welfare services of child protection (CPS), preventive services, foster care, and adoption. CPS is viewed as the main vehicle for assuring child physical safety, while psychological safety is conceptualized as an additional major role for preventive and foster care services. Both preventive and foster care services are also critical in establishing permanency, and the importance of these services in assuring that traumatized children, families, and foster care givers are engaged in trauma-informed or evidence-based trauma treatment is essential. Adoption and postadoption services can consolidate child well-being begun in earlier phases of safety and permanency.
Thiotepa-Based Intensified Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Adult Double-Unit Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Results in Decreased Relapse Rate and Improved Survival Compared with Transplantation Following Standard Reduced-Intensity Conditioning: A Retrospective Cohort Comparison.

Abstract The "Minnesota" reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) cord blood transplantation (CBT) regimen (standard RIC) of fludarabine (Flu) (200 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (Cy) (50 mg/kg), and 200- or 300-cGy total body irradiation (TBI) is the most published RIC CBT regimen. Though well tolerated, high relapse rates remain a concern with this regimen. Intensification of conditioning may reduce relapse without increasing transplant-related mortality (TRM). We performed a retrospective cohort comparison of outcomes in adult patients who underwent first double-unit CBT with standard RIC as compared with the intensified regimen of Flu 150 mg/m2, Cy 50 mg/kg, thiotepa 10 mg/kg, and 400-cGy TBI (intensified RIC). Of the 99 patients studied, 47 received intensified RIC. Acute myelogenous leukemia was the major indication for transplant. The median age at transplant was 67 years (range, 24 to 74 years) and 54 years (range, 25 to 67 years) in standard RIC and intensified RIC, respectively. Median hematopoietic stem cell transplantation comorbidity index was 3 (range, 0 to 5) and 1 (range, 0 to 6) in the standard RIC and intensified RIC groups, respectively. Median follow-up among survivors was 22 months (range, 3.7 to 79 months) following standard RIC and 15 months (range, 2.8 to 36 months) following intensified RIC. The cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse was significantly lower following intensified RIC compared with standard RIC (P = .0013); this finding maintained significance in multivariate analysis (P = .045). TRM was comparable between the 2 groups (P = .99). Overall survival (OS) was significantly improved following intensified RIC as compared with standard RIC (P = .03). Median OS was 17 months following standard RIC versus not reached followed intensified RIC. The CI of grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was significantly higher in the intensified RIC cohort than the standard RIC-cohort (P = .007), while CI of grade III to IV acute GVHD, any chronic GVHD, and moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD was comparable in each cohort (P = .20, P = .21, and P = .61, respectively). This retrospective analysis shows an improvement in OS and decreased relapse without increase in TRM in patients receiving intensified RIC as compared with standard RIC. Our data suggest that consideration of thiotepa-based intensified RIC may improve outcomes in fit, older patients undergoing double-unit CBT.
A knowledge management system for analysis of organisational log files

This paper presents a research approach for the analysis of organisational log files. The purpose of log file analysis is to provide information about how the client uses an app (software application) and to detect anomalies that are not perceive by the user so those anomalies can be corrected before the escalation of a problem. The outcome of this research aims to define an architecture to find software flows and apply datamining techniques to measure and obtain knowledge to be recorded in KMS.