cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chivalry’s Double-edged Sword: How Girls’ and Boys’ Paternalistic Attitudes Relate to Their Possible Family and Work Selves

Paternalism refers to the ideology that women need men’s protection (Glick and Fiske 2001), which is associated with greater acceptance of the gender status quo (Jost and Kay 2005) and lower feelings of agency and competence among women (Dumont et al. 2010). To consider the potential impact of paternalistic attitudes during adolescence, we investigated girls’ and boys’ paternalistic attitudes in relation to their possible family and career selves. The sample comprised 201 U.S. adolescents from California high schools (M age = 17.49 years; 46% girls) from ethnically diverse backgrounds (49% White, 26% Asian, 25% other). Participants completed survey measures of paternalistic attitudes, possible family and work selves, and other constructs. Possible work selves included occupations traditionally associated with men (computers, science, business/law, and action-oriented jobs [e.g., firefighter, mechanic]) or with women (elementary-school teacher and aesthetic-oriented jobs [e.g., fashion model, dancer]). There were significant average gender differences in paternalism (boys higher), future family hopes (girls higher), future careers associated with women (girls higher), and most future careers associated with men (boys higher); we found no significant gender difference in business/law career interest. Paternalistic attitudes significantly predicted several aspects of possible selves in hypothesized directions: future family hopes (positive association for girls and boys), future business/law and action-oriented careers (positive for boys), aesthetic-oriented careers (positive for girls), and science careers (negative for girls). Other hypothesized patterns were not indicated. Findings are interpreted as reflecting the potential influences of paternalistic attitudes in the formation of adolescents’ possible family and work selves.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme polymorphisms as maternal risk for down syndrome among Turkish women

Advanced maternal age is the only fully accepted risk factor for trisomy 21, while most children with Down syndrome (DS) are born to younger mothers ( T and 1298A > C. The prevalence of these variant genotypes in mothers of DS children (case mothers) (n = 152) was compared with controls (n = 91). Frequencies of MTHFR 677C > T genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) and also combination of heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes (CT or TT) (P = 0.28) demonstrated no difference between the case and control groups. Genotype frequencies of MTHFR 1298A > C (AA, AC, and CC) were similar among the case and control mothers. Variant genotypes of MTHFR 1298A > C (AC or CC) were also insignificant when compared between the two groups. This is yet the largest case-control study conducted for MTHFR 677C > T and also the first to investigate a possible relation with MTHFR 1298A > C. The data presented in this study fail to support the relationship between MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms and risk of having a child with DS.
Abnormal Analyst Coverage, External Financing, and Firm Investment

In this paper, we examine whether the external financing and investment rate of the firm are influenced by abnormal analyst coverage. We find that firms with high (low) excess analyst coverage have consistently higher (lower) external financing and investment rate than firms of similar size in the same industry. The results show that he impact of analyst coverage on firms' financing and investment decisions works through a direct mechanism that hypes investors' long-term growth prospects of the firm. Our evidence also demonstrates that firms with excessive analyst coverage realize lower future returns than firms with low analyst coverage. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that analyst coverage is primarily motivated by the pay structure of analysts and investment-banking incentives that favor the coverage of firms with the potential to engage in profitable investment banking business (i.e., external financing).
Communal Roosting in Heliconius Butterflies (Nymphalidae): Roost Recruitment, Establishment, Fidelity, and Resource Use Trends Based on Age and Sex

ABSTRACT. Heliconius passion-vine butterflies form communal roosts on a nightly basis as an anti-predatory defense. Although past studies have evaluated various components of this behavior, much remains unknown about many basic aspects of roost dynamics. To learn more about communal roosting I examined roost establishment, recruitment, roost-mate resource use, roosting participation in a population, and roost arrival, departure, and perch preferences in natural populations of Heliconius erato petiverana in Panama. My observations suggest that 1) younger butterflies are recruited more readily than older butterflies, 2) roosts are first established by a single butterfly roosting consecutively in the same location that later recruits butterflies, 3) males depart roosts earlier than females in the morning, 4) older butterflies tend to roost on the same perch in the same roost every night, 5) roost-mates share the same resource traplines, and 6) most butterflies in a population participate in roosts. These obs...
AN IMMIGRATION-HYBRIDIZATION EPISODE IN PHLOX.

Seeds of a taxon infrequently are transported into a nearby population of a closely related taxon. If the taxa are intercrossable, and produce fertile and otherwise fit hybrids, such immigration may enrich the gene pools of local populations, reduce differences between populations, and initiate and maintain zones of secondary intergradation. Whereas there is abundant evidence of immigration and hybridization after the fact, the temporal and spatial dynamics of immigration-hybridization episodes are poorly understood, because of the difficulty in documenting the arrival of alien seed and following the distribution of aliens and hybrids in space. The dynamics of the immigration-hybridization episode may be studied if treated as an experiment rather than as an observation. This is best done with annuals. Specifically, we can sow immigrant seeds in a natural population, document the positions of the immigrants as adults, and then follow the location of immigrants in subsequent years. If immigrants and natives differ in some character(s) permitting unambiguous identification of F1 hybrids, their numbers and locations are easily determined within and over years. Advanced generation hybrids also can be monitored, although they might be difficult to distinguish from some F1 hybrids or parental types. In 1973, I commenced such an immigration-hybridization experiment in Phlox drummondii. At that time, we were studying gene flow within populations and beginning a study of secondary intergradation between peripatric subspecies, and felt that such an experiment would contribute to both ends. Phlox drummondii Hook. is a spring-flowering, self-incompatible, annual of central Texas. It is lepidopteranpollinated, and disperses seed through the explosive dehiscense of fruit. The species is composed of six subspecies which intergrade in areas of contact (Erbe and Turner, 1962). Of particular interest is the 2-to-5-mile-wide zone of intergradation between the red-flowered ssp. drummondii and pink-flowered ssp. mcallisteri. As the subspecies interbreed freely and produce vigorous, fertile hybrids, the narrowness of the zone is most likely attributable to its recent formation and/or restricted pollen and seed dispersal. An evaluation of the dynamics of immigration and hybridization within local populations is a prerequisite for understanding the development of this zone. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a single, large immigration pulse over several years. Several questions were addressed including the following: Do seeds disperse after they are on the ground? For how many years do immigrants persist in the population? How far do the immigrant offspring disperse over years? Where are the hybrids relative to the location of the immigrants? How do the numbers of immigrants and hybrids change through time?
“An addendum to breast cancer”: the triple negative experience

The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, known to be aggressive with high recurrence and mortality rates, disproportionately affects African-Americans, young women, and BRCA1 carriers. TNBC does not respond to hormonal or biologic agents, limiting treatment options. The unique characteristics of the disease and the populations disproportionately affected indicate a need to examine the responses of this group. No known studies describe the psychosocial experiences of women with TNBC. The purpose of this study is to begin to fill that gap and to explore participants’ psychosocial needs. An interpretive descriptive qualitative approach was used with in-depth interviews. A purposive sample of adult women with TNBC was recruited. Dominant themes were extracted through iterative and constant comparative analysis. Of the 22 participants, nearly half were women of color, and the majority was under the age of 60 years and within 5 years of diagnosis. The central theme was a perception of TNBC as “an addendum” to breast cancer. There were four subthemes: TNBC is Different: “Bottom line, it’s not good”; Feeling Insecure: “Flying without a net”; Decision-Making and Understanding: “A steep learning curve”; and Looking Back: “Coulda, shoulda, woulda.” Participants expressed a need for support in managing intense uncertainty with a TNBC diagnosis and in decision-making. Women with all subtypes of breast cancer have typically been studied together. This is the first study on the psychosocial needs specifically of women with TNBC. The findings suggest that women with TNBC may have unique experiences and unmet psychosocial needs.
The Index of Consumer Sentiment toward Marketing

There have been a number of published measures of generalized consumer attitudes, perhaps the most familiar being the Index of Consumer Sentiment of the University of Michigan's Survey Research Cen...
Synthesis of (+)-7,20-Diisocyanoadociane and Liver-Stage Antiplasmodial Activity of the Isocyanoterpene Class

7,20-Diisocyanoadociane, a scarce marine metabolite with potent antimalarial activity, was synthesized as a single enantiomer in 13 steps from simple building blocks (17 linear steps). Chemical synthesis enabled identification of isocyanoterpene antiplasmodial activity against liver-stage parasites, which suggested that inhibition of heme detoxification does not exclusively underlie the mechanism of action of this class.
First-Principles Study of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Benzyne

We applied ab initio computational methods based on density functional theory to study the properties of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with benzyne. The calculations were carried out using the SIESTA electronic structure code combined with the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange correlation functional. Our study showed that the reaction of cycloaddition of benzyne to pristine graphene was exothermic with the possibility of formation of both [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] reaction products. The binding energies of benzyne molecules attached to semiconducting zigzag and metallic armchair nanotubes were found to be inversely proportional to the nanotube diameter. The linear fits of the binding energies between benzyne and carbon nanotubes extrapolated to the zero curvature limit were in good agreement with the binding energies of benzyne attached to graphene. Our calculations demonstrated that the cycloaddition of benzyne could open up a nonzero gap between the valence and c...
Optical design of the slit-viewing camera for the NIRSPEC upgrade

NIRSPEC is a 1-5 μm high- and medium-resolution echelle spectrograph for the Keck II telescope, delivered in 1999 by the UCLA Infrared Laboratory (PI: Ian McLean). The instrument will be upgraded to replace detectors and electronics in the spectrograph (SPEC) and slit-viewing camera (SCAM). The existing SCAM design is limited to the 1-2.5 μm regime and optimized for the PICNIC 256x256 40-μm-pixel array. The upgrade of the SCAM to a Teledyne H1RG 1024x1024 18-μm-pixel array will allow imaging of the slit from 1-5 μm, increasing observing efficiency in the L and M bands. The extension of SCAM’s wavelength coverage requires re-optimization of its optical design. We present a proof-of-concept optical design of the new SCAM, optimized for a replacement detector. We discuss lens choices, design constraints, and the addition of blocking filters to mitigate saturation issues related to the high background levels in the thermal infrared.
When Learners Surpass Their Models: Mathematical Modeling of Learning from an Inconsistent Source

It has been reported in the literature that both adults and children can, to a different degree, modify and regularize the often-inconsistent linguistic input they receive. We present a new algorithm to model and investigate the learning process of a learner mastering a set of (grammatical or lexical) forms from an inconsistent source. The algorithm is related to reinforcement learning and drift–diffusion models of decision making, and possesses several psychologically relevant properties such as fidelity, robustness, discounting, and computational simplicity. It demonstrates how a learner can successfully learn from or even surpass its imperfect source. We use the data collected by Singleton and Newport (Cognit Psychol 49(4):370–407, 2004) on the performance of a 7-year-boy Simon, who mastered the American Sign Language (ASL) by learning it from his parents, both of whom were imperfect speakers of ASL. We show that the algorithm possesses a frequency boosting property, whereby the frequency of the most common form of the source is increased by the learner. We also explain several key features of Simon’s ASL.
Lobectomy for Lung Cancer at Veterans Administration Medical Center Versus Academic Medical Center

Background Hospital and surgeon volume each have an association with postoperative outcomes. The volume of lung cancer surgery at our Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) is lower than at our academic medical center (AMC). We compared the outcomes after lobectomy at VAMC versus AMC to identify specific areas of clinical care requiring quality improvement. Methods To keep surgeon experience constant, data were derived from a prospective database from a single surgeon. Included were all male patients undergoing lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer. Postoperative morbidity, mortality, and overall survival were compared after propensity score matching. Results From 2004 to 2013, 419 patients were evaluated (338 AMC, 81 VAMC). Outcomes comparison after propensity score matching of 81 AMC patients with 81 VAMC patients found a higher rate of major complications (12% versus 27%, p = 0.02) and longer hospital stay (median 6.0 versus 7.5 days, p p > 0.99). Pneumonia was the specific complication found to be higher at VAMC (11% versus AMC 1.2%, p = 0.01). There was no difference in 5-year overall survival for stage I disease (AMC 68% versus VAMC 69%, p = 0.95). Conclusions Keeping surgeon experience constant, and after adjusting for patient factors, the rate of major complication after lobectomy is higher at VAMC. The difference is largely attributable to a higher rate of postoperative pneumonia at VAMC. Complications after pulmonary resection at VAMC could be reduced by implementing quality improvement initiatives aimed at reducing the rate of postoperative pneumonia.
The Best Deal Gillette Could Get?: Procter & Gamble's Acquisition of Gillette

Publisher Summary January 27, 2005, was an extraordinary day for Gillette's James Kilts, the show-stopping turnaround expert known as the “Razor Boss of Boston.” Kilts, along with Procter & Gamble chairman Alan Lafley, had just orchestrated a $57 billion acquisition of Gillette by P&G. The creation of the world's largest consumer products company would end Kilts's four-year tenure as CEO of Gillette and bring to a close Gillette's 104-year history as an independent corporate titan in the Boston area. The deal also capped a series of courtships between Gillette and other companies that had waxed and waned at various points throughout Kilts's stewardship of Gillette. But almost immediately after the transaction was announced, P&G and Gillette drew criticism from the media and the state of Massachusetts concerning the terms of the sale. The complementary strengths of the two firms were clear, as was their motivation for combining. Though management was unable to secure the full cooperation of all stakeholders, it was able to successfully leverage the support of one of the world's most respected investors. Additionally, P&G made overtures to the Massachusetts community to reduce fears that the acquirer would lay off Gillette's employees at the company's state-of-the-art production facility near Boston. However, despite the key synergies, the complementary strengths, and the support of Warren Buffett, the deal still raised questions on Main Street, Wall Street, and in the offices of elected officials.
Commonalities and Differences Among Frames: A Unification Model

We provide a review and a theoretically unifying model of framing effects. Beginning with a review of findings that prospect theory, fuzzy-trace theory, and traditional dual process models do and do not explain, we develop a model of framing based partly on Bless and Schwarz's (2010) inclusion/exclusion model of assimilation and contrast. Our model is the first of its kind to be applied to all three valence framing manipulations and presents common mechanisms explaining findings in the framing literature that were previously difficult to conceptualize within a single theory (e.g., matching effects and cognitive effort). The model also accounts for why all three framing manipulations are influenced by differences between holistic/contextual versus analytic processing as well as the presence, absence, and direction of effects produced by different versions of framing manipulations. It also predicts contrast effects (Implications and Future Directions section) and applies to manipulations involving a frame and judgmental target. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal analysis of financial loss, anxiety, destructive conflict, and relational maintenance

This study examined how destructive conflict behavior and relational maintenance behavior are linked to financial loss in adult romantic relationships. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, it was hypothesized that financial loss indirectly (through anxiety) predicts increased destructive conflict behavior and decreased relational maintenance behavior. Across three waves of data, results indicated that financial loss significantly predicted passive-destructive conflict behavior (i.e., neglect) through anxiety. Financial loss did not, however, directly or indirectly predict active-destructive conflict behavior (i.e., exit). Financial loss negatively predicted relational maintenance behavior, but that effect was found only from Wave 1 to Wave 2 and was not mediated by anxiety. Overall, results support COR theory and identify some of the specific relational consequences of financial difficulty.
Emotional intelligence is associated with connectivity within and between resting state networks

U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) [W81XWH-09-1-0730]; [R01 DA037265]
Mutually orthogonal matrices from division algebras

Abstract Matrices A and B in M n ( C ) are said to be mutually orthogonal if A B ⁎ + B A ⁎ = 0 , where ⁎ denotes the conjugate transpose. We study cardinalities of certain R -linearly independent families of matrices arising from matrix embeddings of a division algebra of index m with center a number field Z , satisfying the property that matrices from different families are mutually orthogonal. The question is of importance in the context of coding for certain wireless channels, where the cardinalities of such sets is connected to the maximum code rate consistent with low decoding complexity. It follows from our results that the maximum code rate for the codes we consider is severely limited.
An AdaptiveSelf Tuning Regulator with Genetic Controller Tuning

This paper presents the development of a Genetic Algorithm Supervisory Loop (GASL) to enhance the performance of Adaptive Controllers in the Self Tuning Regulator (STR) framework. The GASL is designed to tune the identification model and control parameters to achieve an optimum performance of the process. The STR controller used to demonstrate the technique effectiveness is a real time Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) algorithm. The addition of the GASL to the PID STR provides superior performance by expanding the STR’s ability to maintain control of nonlinear systems under large and quick shifts in system modes and/or disturbances. In test cases, the basic STR shows performance deterioration, while the GAS enhanced STR maintained desirable performances. The GASL developed is applied to a nonlinear adaptive suspension system for investigation and assessment. Investigations results show the effectiveness of utilizing the GASL within the adaptive STR framework.
Complications of Biologic and Synthetic Slings and Their Management

Female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is estimated to affect 49% of community dwelling women [1], although true prevalence is unknown. Patient underreporting due to social embarrassment or fear as well as differences in the definition of SUI between studies contribute to the probable substantial underestimation of SUI patients [2, 3]. The financial impact of SUI is exceptional with one report estimating the healthcare burden of SUI at over US $16 billion dollars per year [4].
A Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Core Design with Seed Blanket Modular Assemblies

A liquid-metal fast breeder reactor core design employing seed-blanket-type modular assemblies is presented. The seed region contains PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ fuel and the blanket region contains depleted UO/sub 2/ fuel. These assemblies constitute the inner core while conventional mixed-oxide assemblies are employed in the outer core region. The results of design studies and analysis show that a large reduction in the sodium void reactivity can be obtained. The core fissile loading is larger than that for a homogeneous core. The analysis of an unprotected loss-of-flow (LOF) accident shows drastically reduced potential for a LOF-driven transient overpower accident. These results and conclusions are similar to those obtained for other heterogeneous core designs.
One Hundred Years of Elementary School Mathematics in the United States: A Content Analysis and Cognitive Assessment of Textbooks From 1900 to 2000

A content analysis of over 28,000 pages from 141 elementary school mathematics textbooks published between 1900 and 2000 shows that widely used mathematics textbooks have changed substantially. Textbooks from the early part of the century were typically narrow in content but presented substantial amounts of advanced arithmetic and also asked students simultaneously to engage with material in effortful and conceptual ways. A period of change marked the middle of the century, when less advanced topics were presented and problem-solving tasks were simplified. From the mid-1960s onward, however, the trend reversed, and three major changes occurred in primary school mathematics curricula over the next four decades: (a) expansion of topics and the number of pages devoted to each topic; (b) a shift of traditionally more advanced topics from higher to lower grades; and, (c) within arithmetic, an increase in the number, abstraction, and cognitive demand of problem-solving strategies. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the historical study of mathematics and curriculum in U.S. schools.
Methodological Essay on Commercial Contracts

In this essay, some of the central issues concerning the legal phraseology of commercial contracts in the Geniza are discussed. These issues include not only questions about the text of these contracts themselves and the relationship of commercial contracts to Jewish and Islamic law but also what insights commercial contracts in the Geniza might offer social and economic historians into how both court practice and business were actually conducted in the medieval Islamic Mediterranean. Following this brief discussion are a transcription and a translation of an actual thirteenth-century business agreement.
Hospital-acquired viral respiratory infections in neonates hospitalized since birth in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit

To determine frequency of hospital-acquired viral respiratory infections (HA-VRI) and associated outcomes in a NICU. Prospective cohort study conducted from 4 October 2016 to 21 March 2017. Infants hospitalized from birth in the NICU had a weekly nasal swab collected for testing using a multiplex PCR assay capable of detecting 16 different respiratory viruses. Seventy-four infants enrolled, with 5 (6.8%) testing positive for a virus (incidence rate of 1.3/1000 patient days). VRI positive infants had a younger gestational age (median 27 w vs. 32 w, p = 0.048); were hospitalized longer (97 d vs 43 d, p = 0.013); required more antibiotics (8 d vs. 4 d, p = 0.037) and were more likely to be diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.008) compared to VRI negative infants. Respiratory viruses are a frequent cause of HAI in the NICU and are associated with negative outcomes.
Using disaster recovery knowledge as a roadmap to community resilience

There remains a lack of consensus surrounding the definition of resilience in the disaster context. While scholarly endeavors to remedy this definitional deficiency are valuable, it is important th...
Germination Traits Explain Deterministic Processes in the Assembly of Early Successional Coastal Dune Vegetation

The sand dunes found on coastal shores and barrier islands along the Northern Gulf of Mexico are important for protecting inland areas from wind and wave action, especially from tropical storms and hurricanes. The geomorphology of the dunes interacts with the plant community to create this dynamic coastal ecosystem. This study explored the processes that shape the foredunes, the youngest set of dunes where sediments are deposited by winds blowing up from the beach. These sands are thought to be slowed or trapped by early successional vegetation, leading to dune creation and growth. Our results suggest that the vegetative community is strongly associated with distance from the shore, where abiotic conditions are harshest closest to the ocean and gradually reduced moving toward the interior of the island. This deterministic community pattern appears to be maintained by the vegetation’s ability to regenerate through time, especially in response to disturbances after heavy wind and wave action. A multifactorial germination experiment revealed strong differences among the germination rates of different species and the effects of salinity on species-specific germination rates. High rates of germination might be beneficial in colonizing open habitats following storms, where high salinity conditions are especially present. Understanding the patterns that shape vegetative community diversity should help guide restoration management in coastal dune systems and shed light on the importance of individual species and their function within the coastal ecosystem.
Privacy, Publication, and the First Amendment: The Dangers of First Amendment Exceptionalism

The coordination of common law and constitutional norms are of pressing importance on matters offreedom of speech. In the Supreme Court and elsewhere, it is possible to discern two sharply inconsistent attitudes toward this question. One view holds that the First Amendment simply prevents any legislative backsliding from the common law rules that protect freedom of speech and of the press, much as they protect freedom of contract and freedom of action generally. On this view, the standard rule governing damages and injunctive relief apply to speech much as they do anywhere else. On the alternative view of what is termed First Amendment exceptionalism, the First Amendment protection is read more broadly to afford speech greater protection than the common law rules that insulate the publication of stolen information from judicial sanction by either damages or injunction. The article then argues that the common law approach affords a better balance between privacy and disclosure with respect to a wide range of confidential information, including the protection of trade secrets. In so doing, it criticizes the results reached in a number of important recent cases including Desnick v. American Broadcasting Co., Food Lion v. Capital Cities/ABC, and Ford Motor Co. v. Lane.
Demo: Contactless Device for Monitoring On-Bed Activities and Vital Signs

Monitoring sleep quality and status is important to learn health condition for improvement and prevent sleep apnea. A bed-mounted seismometer system is proposed to monitor the heart and respiratory rates, and body movement and posture, during the sleep. To effectively monitor sleep status, an innovative local maxima statistics based approach and an instantaneous property based method are developed to estimate heart and respiratory rates, respectively. These methods are more robust and stable compared to previous works. Besides, algorithms for body movement and posture identification are also investigated based on instantaneous properties. We incorporated these algorithms to create a novel contactless sleep monitoring system that can keep track of heart rate, respiration rate, movement patterns and posture changes on events near to the bed. Our technology includes a small, powerful and low-cost smart seismometer, that can be easily installed to a bed frame under the mattress or boxes, and a user-friendly graphic interface, that can be paired with smartphone devices and display results through the APPs notifications. A prototype system is demonstrated, showing great potentials in monitoring a person’s sleep status under different conditions.
Keynes's grandchildren and Marx's gig workers: Why human labour still matters

The current anxiety around the globe regarding automation and “the future of work”, the irrelevance of human labour and the superfluity of humans is based on recurring ideas about technology, work and economic value. Not quite novel, the debate on these ideas dates back to prominent thinkers, such as Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes. To grasp the present moment, therefore, the authors revisit this debate within the broader history of capitalism. With a focus on labour and technology, they bring attention to the hidden forms of value creation in the current economy and to the blind spots of the historical debate, and envision various possible scenarios for the future.
Clemency As the Soul of the Constitution

Individualism is a defining characteristic of the United States, and the Pardon Power draws from that value. Presidents can and should use clemency in accordance with their individual values, as the framers of the Constitution intended. This article draws from new data to define historical precedents, and argues that the institution of federal executive clemency should remain unfettered by courts or the legislature.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy reduces expression of inflammation-promoting genes related to interleukin-1β in heart failure

AIMS In light of recent data regarding inflammatory signalling pathways in cardiovascular disease and the recently demonstrated impact of pharmacologic inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in heart failure, the primary aim was to assess the physiologic effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the expression of systemic inflammatory, immune-modulatory, metabolic, and apoptotic genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify gene expression changes in PBMCs in response to CRT. In total, 27 patients were analysed: 12 with heart failure undergoing CRT, 6 with heart failure undergoing standard implanted cardioverter defibrillators, and 9 with coronary artery disease but not heart failure. In CRT patients (median age 65.5 years, interquartile range 63.0-66.8 years, 33% female), RNA-Seq analysis identified 40 genes, including multiple genes associated with the IL-1β pathway, with significant correlations (false discovery rate < 0.05) with four key CRT response measures. CRT was associated with suppression of PBMC expression of IL-1β (1.80-fold decrease, P = 0.047), FOS proto-oncogene (FOS) (3.25-fold decrease, P = 0.01), dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) (2.05-fold decrease, P = 0.001), and early growth response 1 (EGR1) (7.38-fold decrease, P = 0.03), and suppression was greater in responders vs. non-responders (P = 0.03 for IL-1β, P = 0.02 for FOS, P = 0.02 for DUSP1, and P = 0.11 for EGR1). Baseline FOS and DUSP-1 levels were greater in responders vs. non-responders (6.15-fold higher, FOS, P = 0.002; 2.60-fold higher, DUSP1, P = 0.0001). CRT responders but not non-responders showed higher baseline gene expression of FOS (P = 0.04) and DUSP1 (P = 0.06) compared with control patients without heart failure. Baseline serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were 3.47-fold higher in CRT responders vs. non-responders (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Treatment of heart failure with CRT resulted in decreased PBMC expression of genes linked to inflammation. Moreover, CRT responders had higher expression of these inflammatory genes prior to CRT and greater suppression of these genes after CRT compared with non-responders.
Albert E. Dien: A Short Biography of a Scholarly Explorer

Albert Eugene Dien found his calling while digging under his porch when he was still in elementary school. Uncovering an adobe brick, he experienced joy of exploration and discovery that has not le...
Oral Health Problems among Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the United States

Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) suffer poor oral health problems (OHP) leading to adverse health outcomes. We examined the association between NDD and OHP among children in the United States (US) ages 3-17 years using data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2016-17. The prevalence of OHP was 19.1%. Children with NDD had about 40% greater likelihood of poor oral health compared to their non-NDD counterparts (p <0.0001). Living at or above 200%-300% of the federal poverty level (FPL), private insurance coverage, and living with a least a college educated adult were found to be protective factors against poor oral health among children.
All Roads Lead to Homosociality: The Role of Chivalry in Medieval and Modern Society

This paper examines the role of chivalry in two of Marie de France’s lais, Guigemar and Bisclavret. One of the most studied authors of the Medieval period, Marie de France’s works reveal the values, anxieties, and societal dynamics of her time by both adhering to and pushing against literary norms. Guigemar and Bisclavret present near-perfect examples of knighthood, save for two flaws: Guigemar has no love for women, and Bisclavret is a werewolf. The treatment of these knights and their peculiarities reveals the strict expectations of masculinity and the risks of breaking from them. I pay particular attention to the importance of humility in chivalric masculinity and the ways in which their peculiarities affect their relationships, particularly with other men. When placed in conversation, these stories show that the main role of chivalry was to secure the relationships between men that formed the basis of Medieval society and that, for this reason, humility was one of the most important chivalric values. I argue that understanding the cultural history of chivalry is important for modern audiences because the concept of chivalry is still used by many groups to legitimize and promote their interests and continues to shape our perceptions of masculinity and gender dynamics. While what we think of chivalry has changed greatly since Marie de France’s time, the ends of chivalry remain the same—to promote the interests of those in positions of power.
Multi-Probe Characterization of Ferroelectric/Dielectric Interface by C-V, P-V and Conductance Methods

In this work, we report on the multi-probe characterization of interfacial charges at the ferroelectric/dielectric (FE/DE) interface in response to both large-signal measurement associated with polarization switching and small-signal measurement without polarization switching. Charge densities at the FE/DE interface are extracted from temperature dependent C-V, P-V, conductance methods. It is found that the charge injection and accumulation at the FE/DE interface play a key role in the operation of FE/DE stack. These enormous trapped charges of 1013-1014 cm-2 at the FE/DE interface are supplied from the leakage current through the ultrathin DE layer. The proposed multi-probe measurement techniques provide a comprehensive understanding of FE/DE stack. The demonstrated leakage-assist polarization switching provides the new insights on the understanding of negative-capacitance (NC) effect and ferroelectric device performance.
Modeling Infiltration in Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Effect of Geometric Shape

AbstractGeometric shape can play an important role in modeling and designing green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) systems because of its influence on system infiltration processes. The effects of ...
A Novel Time-Activity Information-Sharing Approach Using Nonlinear Mixed Models for Patient-Specific Dosimetry with Reduced Imaging Time Points: Application in SPECT/CT After 177Lu-DOTATATE.

1118 Objectives: To better understand synovial sarcoma of the prostate. Background:Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a soft tissue sarcoma of uncertain histogenesis, chiefly occurring in young adults, primarily in the para-articular region of the extremities. Primary synovial sarcoma of the prostate is an uncommon malignant tumor. Case Report: We present a case of 42-year-old man with lower abdominal distension and discomfort, along with tenesmus. Transrectal ultrasound showed an 5.6 × 5.6 × 5.3cm lesion localized in the right peripheral band of prostate with heterogeneous mixed echogenicity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a mass that appeared to originate in the right peripheral band of prostate. The right seminal vesicle gland and rectum was involved. His serum prostate-specific antigen was 0.58 ng/ml. Free prostate-specific antigen was 0.08ng/ml. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) showed active metabolism of the soft tissue mass in the right peripheral zone of the prostate and the right seminal vesicle gland, with SUVmax of about 4.0. The lesion was not clearly decomposed with the posterior rectum. Transrectal puncture biopsy of prostate masses revealed synovial sarcoma of prostate. PET/CT after four cycles of Adriamycin and Icyclophosphamide showed that the tumor volume decreased and metabolism decreased significantly. Patient receive radical prostatectomy including bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle resection, and pelvic lymph node dissection.The final pathologic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma and right seminal vesicle gland involved. Radiotherapy and two cycles of adriamycin and Icyclophosphamide were given after surgery. PET/CT which is 4 months after surgery showed no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Surprisingly, postoperative 16 months PET/CT did not show any other primary or metastatic focus. At two years of follow-up, the patient is survival very good up to now. Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate a case of primary prostatic synovial sarcoma. Due to the paucity of cases of synovial sarcoma involving the prostate, the diagnose and treatment are not well defined. 18F-FDG PET/CT plays an important role in the diagnoses, staging, re-staging, evaluation of therapeutic effect and follow-up observation of primary prostate synovial sarcoma.
A Dual-Switch Coupled Inductor-Based High Step- Up DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic-Based Renewable Energy Applications

This paper proposes a dual-switch DC-DC converter with high-voltage gain for solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems. High-voltage gain is obtained by combining the coupled inductor (CI) and switched-capacitor (SC) voltage boosting techniques. Combining CI and SC techniques, the design flexibility is increased, and low voltage stresses on the semiconductor devices are achieved, which leads to the adoption of low-voltage-rating semiconductor devices with low ON-state resistance resulting in low switching and conduction losses. Unlike the conventional boost converter, thanks to the existence of leakage inductance, the output diode turns off naturally in the proposed converter, which suppresses the reverse-recovery problem and losses. Operation principle and steady-state analysis are discussed to show the advantages of the proposed DC-DC converter. To verify the operation of the proposed converter, a performance comparison is provided. Moreover, the simulation of a 200 W converter with 20 V input and 400V output is carried out using PLECS Blockset.
Materials for Engineers

1. Introduction 2. Phases 3. Diffusion 4. Mechanical behavior 5. Mechanical failure 6. Annealing 7. Iron and steel 8. Non-ferrous metals 9. Casting and welding 10. Solid shaping 11. Polymers 12. Polymer processing 13. Glasses 14. Crystalline ceramics 15. Powder processing 16. Pottery and concrete 17. Composites 18. Carbon 19. Fibers, foams and porous materials 20. Electrical properties 21. Optical and thermal properties 22. Magnetic materials 23. Corrosion 24. Modern manufacturing techniques and surface treatments and recycling Appendix I. Wood Appendix II. Miller indices for planes and directions Appendix III. Xray diffraction Appendix IV. Surfaces Appendix V. Dislocations Appendix VI. Avrami kinetics Appendix VII. Organic chemistry Appendix VIII. Average molecular weight Appendix IX. Bond geometry in compounds Appendix X. Weibull analysis.
TWO-SAMPLE t-TEST

This chapter discuses two-sample t -tests. In a two-sample t -test, the samples are taken from two distinct populations. The chapter presents examples to explain the two-sample t -distribution. To find the mean vector nearest the observation vector, the concept of the orthogonal projection of a vector onto a given subspace and a method for finding this vector are needed. The orthogonal projection of a vector onto a subspace is given geometrically by dropping a perpendicular from the vector onto the subspace. The vector minus the orthogonal projection of the vector is perpendicular to the subspace. This property is used in defining the orthogonal projection operator and the orthogonal projection of a vector onto a subspace. Subspaces are orthogonal if any two vectors chosen from two distinct subspaces are orthogonal. This is another key idea for multinormal observations with a covariance matrix. The chapter also discusses the noncentral chi-squared distribution.
Behavior, metamorphosis, and muscular organization of the predatory rotifer Acyclus inquietus (Rotifera, Monogononta)

. The atrochid rotifer, Acyclus inquietus, is a sedentary predator that lives within the colonies of its prey, the rotifer Sinantherina socialis. After larvae infiltrate and become associated with the colony, they secrete a permanent gelatinous tube and undergo metamorphosis to the adult stage. We followed settlement and metamorphosis using bright-field microscopy to document specific larval behaviors after eclosion, and used epifluorescence and confocal microscopy of phalloidin-labeled specimens to visualize some of the morphological changes that occur during metamorphosis. Upon eclosion, larvae possess paired eyespots and a ciliated corona that functions strictly in locomotion. After leaving the parent's gelatinous tube, larvae eventually settle on unoccupied colonies of S. socialis or on other substrates if colonies are unavailable. Settlement involves a period of gliding among colony members before attachment with the foot and the secretion of a gelatinous tube. After settlement, there is a drastic reconfiguration of the corona that involves loss of the eyespots, loss of the coronal cilia, and the formation of the cup-shaped infundibulum, a deep depression in the anterior of the head that leads to the mouth. The development of the infundibulum involves the expansion of tissues around the mouth and is accompanied by a reorientation of the underlying musculature that supplies the infundibulum and allows its use in prey capture. The arrangement of the muscles in the trunk and foot regions, which contain outer circular (complete and incomplete) and inner longitudinal bands, remains unchanged between ontogenetic stages, and reflects the condition characteristic of other rotifers.
Resection of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSEResection of solitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with a 5-year survival rate of 35% to 50%. Selection criteria are not well defined.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed our experience with 278 patients with recurrent RCC from 1980 to 1993.RESULTSOne hundred forty-one of 278 patients underwent a curative metastectomy for their first recurrence (44% 5-year overall survival [OS] rate), 70 patients underwent noncurative surgery (14% 5-year OS rate), and 67 patients were treated nonsurgically (11% 5-year OS rate). Favorable features for survival were a disease-free interval (DFI) greater than 12 months versus 12 months or less (55% v 9% 5-year OS rate; P < .0001), solitary versus multiple sites of metastases (54% v 29% 5-year OS rate; P < .001), and age younger than 60 years (49% v 35% 5-year OS rate; P < .05). Among 94 patients with a solitary metastasis, lung (n = 50; 54% 5-year OS rate) was more favorable than brain (n = 11; 18% 5-year OS rate; P < .05). Survi...
Crucial role of CA cleavage sites in the cap-snatching mechanism for initiating viral mRNA synthesis

In viral cap-snatching, the endonuclease intrinsic to the viral polymerase cleaves cellular capped RNAs to generate capped fragments that are primers for viral mRNA synthesis. Here we demonstrate that the influenza viral polymerase, which is assembled in human cells using recombinant proteins, effectively uses only CA-terminated capped fragments as primers for viral mRNA synthesis in vitro. Thus we provide the first in vitro system that mirrors the cap-snatching process occurring in vivo during virus infection. Further, we demonstrate that when a capped RNA substrate contains a CA cleavage site, the functions of virion RNA (vRNA) differ from those previously described: the 5′ terminal sequence of vRNA alone is sufficient for endonuclease activation, and the 3′ terminal sequence of vRNA functions solely as a template for mRNA synthesis. Consequently, we are able to identify the vRNA sequences that are required for each of these two separable functions. We present a new model for the influenza virus cap-snatching mechanism, which we postulate is a paradigm for the cap-snatching mechanisms of other segmented, negative-strand and ambisense RNA viruses.
Photoinduced electron transfer in naphthalimide-pyridine systems: effect of proton transfer on charge recombination efficiencies.

We studied the effect of proton-coupled electron transfer on lifetimes of the charge-separated radicals produced upon light irradiation of the thiomethyl-naphthalimide donor SMe-NI-H in the presenc...
Socio-Psychological Processes in Racial Identity Formation: A Case Study of the Autobiographies of African American and Latino/a Activists

This essay explores the social-psychological processes of racial identity formation. As a result of an analysis of the autobiographies of African American and Latino/a activists, a distinct trajectory in the development of racial identity around three sources of racial knowledge is proposed: (1) kinship networks; (2) hegemonic influences; and (3) direct experience. These findings suggest a fluid, complex process of racial identity formation contrary to assumptions that racial formation is fixed, static and formulaic.