cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictive validity of a method for evaluating temperament in young guide and service dogs

a b s t r a c t As part of a collaborative project involving five guide and service dog organizations in the USA (Canine Companions for Independence, Guide Dogs for the Blind, Guiding Eyes for the Blind, Leader Dogs for the Blind and The Seeing Eye), volunteer puppy raisers provided information about the behavior of the guide and service dogs in their care via a questionnaire (the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire, or C-BARQ©; www.cbarq.org). The surveys were completed online when the puppies were 6 months old and again at 12 months of age. Dogs were tracked through training and those that successfully completed training and were matched with a blind/disabled handler or were selected as breeders were classified as “successful” while dogs rejected from the program due to behavioral issues were classified as “released” (dogs rejected for medical reasons were excluded from analysis). A total of 11,997 C-BARQ evaluations for 7696 dogs were analyzed. Generalized linear modeling for each of the five schools revealed that dogs that successfully completed training scored more favorably on 27 out of 36 C-BARQ traits at both 6 and 12 months of age compared to those that were released from the programs. The most predictive trait at both age levels was ‘pulls excessively hard on leash,’ for which each unit increase in score was associated with a 1.4 increase in the odds of being released from the program. The ability of the C-BARQ to discriminate between dogs that were later successful or released differed across organizations (P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001 for 6- and 12-month surveys, respectively), most likely due to differences in the procedures used when making decisions about whether or not to release dogs. These findings provide convincing evidence that the C-BARQ is able to discriminate between dogs that are behaviorally suited for guide or service work and those that are not and may provide trainers with useful information about potential training or breeding candidates as early as 6 months of age.
Hybrid analog-digital variable fiber-optic delay line

A variable fiber-optic delay line (VFODL) is introduced that, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first time that a hybrid analog-digital VFODL is proposed to solve the dilemma of efficiently enabling many settable and long-duration time delays together with continuous and short time delays. In essence, this VFODL can provide near-continuous high-resolution time generation across an entire long-time-delay band. The VFODL is based on the concept of cascaded wavelength-sensitive and wavelength-insensitive time delays. A proof-of-concept VFODL built demonstrates near-continuous 0.5-ps-resolution time-delay control across an entire 25.6-ns time-delay band generating a total of 51 200 measurable time-delay bins. The experimental VFODL also gives a 4.95-dB total optical loss and a 1-ms time-delay control-setting speed. The proposed VFODL can be used in applications such as radio frequency photonic signal processing and radar testing.
Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in table egg layer house environments and in mice in U.S. layer houses and associated risk factors.

SUMMARY. Prevalence was estimated for Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (SE) in layer house environments (n = 200 layer houses) and house mice (n = 129 layer houses) in 15 states throughout the United States. Environmental swabs were collected from manure, egg belts, elevators, and walkways. Live-catch rodent traps were placed for 4–7 days. Swabs and house mice were submitted to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Overall, 7.1% of layer houses and 3.7% of mice were culture positive for SE. The highest prevalence was in the Great Lakes region of the United States, and no SE was recovered from houses or mice in the southeast region. Presence of SE in layer houses was associated with age/molting, floor reared pullets, and number of rodents trapped. Cleaning and disinfecting houses between flocks was associated with a reduced risk. The prevalence of SE in mice from environmentally positive houses was nearly four times that of mice from environmentally negative houses.
An acute increase in fructose concentration increases hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA via mechanisms that are independent of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in rats

It appears that low amounts of fructose improve, whereas increased concentrations impair glucose tolerance and hepatic glucose metabolism. In this study, we compared directly the effects of low vs. high portal vein fructose concentrations on hepatic glucose metabolism in rats, using glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression as an endpoint. In the control group (C; n = 7), pancreatic clamps were performed using somatostatin and replacement of insulin such that basal glucose levels were maintained. In the experimental groups (n = 8/group), hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic pancreatic clamps were performed in which glucose (G) or glucose + fructose was infused into a jejunal vein. Fructose was infused to achieve either low (F1; 1.0 mmol/L) portal vein concentrations. Total sugar load to the liver was equalized among the 3 experimental groups. Compared with C, liver glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit mRNA was reduced by approximately 55% in G and F1, whereas it was increased approximately 180% in F2. F2 did not differentially affect glucose-6-phosphate translocase or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels in liver, nor kidney glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit mRNA. Livers from the F2 group were characterized by an accumulation of pentose phosphate intermediates and reduced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (active form). However, in separate studies (n = 5/group), the infusion of a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor did not prevent the effects of F2 on glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression. We hypothesize that elevated fructose concentrations, similar to levels achieved after ingestion of sucrose- or fructose-enriched meals, initiate signals within the liver that elicit selective changes in hepatic gene expression.
Navier-Stokes Simulations of Acoustic Streaming for Flow Control and Micro Propulsion

In a follow-up study to the previous inviscid analysis of Ref. [1], the current work examines and c of viscous numeric al models based on RANS approach synthetic jet generation in a resonator cavity with an orifice and a vibrating diaphragm. In application to flow control an micro propulsion, both the synthetic jet formation criteria as well as the achieved micro viscous flow solutions validated against experimental data both laminar and turbulent flow regimes.
EUV-induced oxidation of carbon on TiO2

Previously we reported estimates of the maximum etch rates of C on TiO2 by oxidizers including NO, O3 and H2O2 when irradiated by a spatially-non-uniform beam of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at 13.5 nm (Faradzhev et al., 2013). Here we extend that work by presenting temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the C etching by these oxidizers as a function of EUV intensity in the range (0.3 to 3) mW/mm2 [(0.2 to 2) × 1016 photons s-1 cm-2]. We find that the rates for NO scale linearly with intensity and are smaller than those for O3, which exhibit a weak, sub-linear intensity dependence in this range. We demonstrate that these behaviors are consistent with adsorption of the oxidizing precursor on the C surface followed by a photon-stimulated reaction resulting in volatile C-containing products. The kinetics of photon-induced C etching by hydrogen peroxide, however, appear to be more complex. The spatially resolved measurements reveal that C removal by H2O2 begins at the edges of the C spot, where the light intensity is the lowest, and proceeds toward the center of the spot. This localization of the reaction may occur because hydroxyl radicals are produced efficiently on the catalytically active TiO2 surface.
Confinement of Cold Atoms Inside Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fiber

We describe recent progressin our experiment that uses a combination of magnetic trapping and ared-detuned optical dipole trap to transfer cold rubidium atoms intothe hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber.
New Diruthenium Bis-alkynyl Compounds as Potential Ditopic Linkers

The reaction between Ru2(ap)4-C≡C-4-C6H4-P(O)(OtBu)2 and LiC2X afforded trans-XC2-Ru2(ap)4-C≡C-4-C6H4–P(O)(OtBu)2, where X is −SiMe3 (1), −C2SiMe3 (2), −C4H (3), or −4-C6H4C2SiMe3 (4). Compound 5, trans-(tBuO)2(O)P-C6H4-4-C≡C-Ru2(ap)4-C≡C-4-C6H4SC2H4SiMe3, was obtained from the reaction between Ru2(ap)4-C≡C-4-C6H4SC2H4SiMe3 and excess LiC≡C-4-C6H4-P(O)(OtBu)2. Compounds 1–5 were characterized by elemental analysis, HR-nESI-MS, voltammetric and spectroscopic techniques, and the X-ray diffraction study of 2. The electronic structures of the homologous series 1–3 were investigated using DFT calculations, which revealed both the retention of key features of Ru2 electronic structure upon the introduction of phosphonate capping and subtle dependence on the number of acetylene units (n) across the series.
Surface Cross-Linking of ZIF-8/Polyimide Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) for Gas Separation

The demand for cost-efficient separations requires membranes with high gas flux and high selectivity which opens the path for further improvements. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) made from 33.3 wt % ZIF-8 in 6FDA-durene were tested at 35 °C and 3.5 atm. At 33.3 wt % loading of ZIF-8, H2, N2, O2, and CH4 gas permeabilities increased approximately 400%. Cross-linking the surface of this MMM, by reacting with ethylenediamine vapor, yielded a 10-fold increase in H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4 selectivities with respect to 6FDA-durene, preserving 55% of the H2 permeability of 6FDA-durene. The permselective properties of the cross-linked skin of the MMM fall above the most recent permeability–selectivity trade-off lines (2008 Robeson upper bounds) for H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4 separations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a cross-linked ZIF/polymer MMM for gas separation.
Main performance analysis and experiment method research of bistatic radar

The main performance of bistatic radar are related with its transmitter site,receiver site and the target position.This is different from monostatic radar.The main performance of bistatic radar can not been tested directly by using the monostatic radar's experiment method. The coverage area,measurement accuracy,resolution capacity of bistatic radar are analyzed and calculated for testing and evaluating its main performance.The rational experiment method of bistatic radar is also given out.The results have been successfully used in a practical bistatic radar.
Modularity and Scalability in Calvin.

Calvin is a transaction scheduling and replication management layer for distributed storage systems. By first writing transaction requests to a durable, replicated log, and then using a concurrency control mechanism that emulates a deterministic serial execution of the log’s transaction requests, Calvin supports strongly consistent replication and fully ACID distributed transactions while incurring significantly lower inter-partition transaction coordination costs than traditional distributed database systems. Furthermore, Calvin’s declarative specification of target concurrency-control behavior allows system components to avoid interacting with actual transaction scheduling mechanisms—whereas in traditional DBMSs, the analogous components often have to explicitly observe concurrency control modules’ (highly nondeterministic) procedural behaviors in order to function correctly.
A comparison of the effects of 4-amino-N10-methyl-pteroylglutamic acid and 2,6-diaminopurine upon sensitive and resistant sublines of a strain of mouse leukemia

1. Further studies contrasting the effect of varying doses of 4-amino-N10-methyl-PGA on a resistant variant (Ak4R) of transplanted mouse leukemia Ak4 have been reported. 2. The usual therapeutic dosage of 4-amino-N10-methyl-PGA prevented the increase in total leukocytes, delayed the visceral infiltration, and increased survival time in the Ak4 strain but was without effect in strain Ak4R. 3. In the Ak4 leukemic mice with high leukocyte counts a marked drop within twenty-four hours could be demonstrated after a single dose of 3 mg./Kg. of this drug. With the Ak4R strain there was sufficient resistance so that a dose of at least 25 mg. Kg. was needed to show the marked leukopenia in twenty-four hours. 4. The Ak4R strain was as sensitive as the Ak4 to the leukotoxic effects of 2,6-diaminopurine. This drug also was effective in prolonging the survival time of mice with Ak4R leukemia.
Acute Infection of Swine by Various Salmonella Serovars

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of various serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica to infect alimentary and nonalimentary tissues of swine within 3 h of inoculation. Fourteen wild-type S. enterica serovars (4,12:imonophasic, 6,7 nonmotile, Agona, Brandenburg, Bredeney, Derby, Heidelberg, Infantis, Muenchen, Thompson, Typhimurium, Typhimurium variant Copenhagen, untypeable, and Worthington), two known virulent S. enterica serovars (Choleraesuis strain SC-38 and Typhimurium strain χ4232), and two avirulent S. enterica Choleraesuis vaccine strains (Argus and SC-54) were inoculated intranasally (approximately 5 × 109 cells) into swine (four animals per Salmonella isolate). Three hours after inoculation, animals were euthanized, and both alimentary tissues (tonsil, colon contents, and cecum contents) and nonalimentary tissues (mandibular lymph node, thymus, lung, liver, spleen, ileocecal lymph node, and blood) were collected for Salmonella isolation. All Salmonella serovars eval...
Ureteral Injury: Complication of Partial Excision of Aortofemoral Vascular Prosthesis

AbstractUreteral perforation is a rare complication after reconstructive aortic surgery. We report an unusual case of ureteral injury occurring as a complication of partial excision of a pre-existing vascular prosthesis. Gross hematuria was the presenting symptom and a communication between the ureter and vascular bed was demonstrated.
Design with Nature: Key lessons from McHarg's intrinsic suitability in the wake of Hurricane Sandy

Mounting urban pressures and increasing vulnerability to disasters highlight the need for urban sustainability and ecological wisdom especially in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. In the 1960s, Ian McHarg examined land use suitability for Staten Island with attention to ecological planning by analyzing physical and cultural characteristics of land features and biophysical vulnerabilities such as tidal inundation and coastal flooding. In this paper, we examine the impact of Hurricane Sandy focusing on land use due to unsustainable planning on Staten Island. We utilize McHarg's Staten Island land use suitability study as a comparative example of a sustainable planning. We address the questions (1) whether or not McHarg's study would have prevented damage to homes and other urban structures using empirical analysis and (2) whether McHarg's recommendations were a realistic possibility. We quantify these differences using geospatial methods and statistical analysis. Our results show that (1) a significantly lower percentage of urban damage would have occurred if land use development followed McHarg's guidelines and (2) how conflicting economic and social ideals of development and zoning issues could explain why McHarg's study would have been difficult to implement. Our findings illustrate the tradeoffs between economic development with long term environmental benefits. This emphasizes the need and opportunity to work with nature and employ urban sustainability approaches and ecological wisdom to mitigate future threats.
Jambaar Or Jumbax-Out?

The worldwide proliferation of women’s involvement in orthodox Islamist movements during the past three decades has sparked great interest among scholars of religion, feminism, and the social sciences, who consistently ask the following: Are female adherents “empowered” by participating in these groups? Contemporary studies have surpassed old academic assumptions that female Islamists were passive subjects dominated by their male counterparts. They now focus on whether Islamist women’s agency is primarily spiritual, wherein adherents cultivate a private subjectivity of the religious self, or identitarian, where they instead represent political interests through religious and transnational symbolism. This new conversation neglects to theorize the private and public duality of religious volition, which in today’s global renderings of orthodox Islam is manifest both in the personal spirituality and transnational engagement of its mostly young adherents. This debate, moreover, myopically excludes women in sub-Saharan Africa, a region of the world replete with the involvement of youth in transnational Sunni Islamist movements.1
5-Hydroxytryptophan in Friedreich’s Ataxia

The effect of the levorotatory form of 5-hydroxytryptophan (approx 1 gm/day/orally) on cerebellar symptoms in 26 patients with Friedreich’s ataxia was evaluated in a double-blind drug-placebo study by the Ataxia Research Center, Hopital Neurologique, Lyon and 11 other research hospitals in France.
"Playing Harry Potter: Essays and interviews on fandom and performance," edited by Lisa S. Brenner

Lisa S. Brenner, editor. Playing Harry Potter: Essays and interviews on fandom and performance. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2015, paperback, $29.95 (238p) ISBN 978-0-7864-9657-0; e-book $14.43 (5374 KB) ISBN 978-1-4766-2136-4, ASIN B012E9G0R6.
A pilot study of the effects of niacin administration on free fatty acid and growth hormone concentrations in children with obesity.

SummaryContext Children with obesity have low spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion. High circulating free fatty acid (FFA) concentration is believed to inhibit GH secretion in those with obesity. In adults, lipolytic inhibition with niacin lowers FFA and increases GH, but there are no prior studies in children with obesity. Objective The objective of the study was to determine the dose and frequency of niacin administration required to lower FFA and stimulate GH in children with obesity. Design Dose-finding study of nondiabetic children ages 6–12 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile given niacin 250 mg q2h × 3 doses (n = 2), 500 mg q2h × 3 doses (n = 5) or 500 mg q1h × 4 doses (n = 5). Participants Eight boys and four girls (age 9.7 ± 1.8 years; BMI 26.4 ± 3.1 kg m−2; BMIz 2.2 ± .25) were studied. Main Outcome Percentage of serum FFA values that were below 0.2 mEq L−1. GH, insulin and glucose were also measured serially. Results FFA decreased as the dose and frequency of niacin increased (p = .01). Niacin 500 mg q1h 4 doses suppressed FFA < 0.2 mEq L−1 and significantly increased GH (p = .04). Adverse effects were flushing/warmth (100%), tingling (60%) and GI complaints (20–40%). Conclusions Niacin 500 mg q1h significantly lowered serum FFA and increased GH. These pilot data suggest that high FFA is an important suppressor of GH secretion in children with obesity.
Neurosurgical prevention of ulceration and amputation by decompression of lower extremity peripheral nerves in diabetic neuropathy: update 2006.

Background A triad of metabolic abnormalities are known that render the peripheral nerve in diabetes mellitus susceptible to chronic compression: conversion of glucose to sorbitol increases the intraneural water content, slowing of axoplasmic transport of proteins hinders structural repair, glycosylation of endoneurial collagen reduces perineurial gliding. In the early 1990s, Dellon et al demonstrated that removal of a site of anatomic narrowing of the tibial nerve in the rat model prevented neuropathic walking.
Extracorporeal life support survival in a pediatric hematopoietic cellular transplant recipient with presumed GvHD-related fulminant myocarditis

Extracorporeal life support survival in a pediatric hematopoietic cellular transplant recipient with presumed GvHD-related fulminant myocarditis
SLOVENIAN DANCES AND THEIR SOURCES IN CALIFORNIA SLOVENSKI PLESI IN NJIHOVI VIRI V KALIFORNIJI

Slovenian dance repertoire in California is traced in two social contexts: international recreational folk dancing events and Slovene/American community events. Dancers in California Folk Dance Federation clubs dance to recorded music, while Slovene/American events feature local accordion-based bands. Recorded music in the clubs offers a non-changing soundscape for the dancers, who conform uniformly to a taught sequence of a dance that fits the recording in contrast to greater dancing variance at Slovene/American dance events. *** Slovenski plesni repertoar v Kaliforniji živi v dveh družbenih kontekstih: ob mednarodnih rekreacijskih ljudskih plesnih dogodkih in ob dogodkih slovensko-ameriske skupnosti. V klubih kalifornijskega Združenja za ljudske plese plesalci plesejo ob posnetkih glasbe, medtem ko ob slovensko-ameriskih dogodkih gostijo lokalne harmonikarske zasedbe. Posneta glasba v klubih ponuja plesalcem nespremenljivo zvocno podobo: plesalci se poenotijo in uskladijo z nauceno plesno sekvenco, ustrezno glasbenemu posnetku, kar je v nasprotju z veliko plesno variantnostjo v slovensko-ameriskih plesnih dogodkih.
Development of HLA-B*57:01 Genotyping Real-Time PCR with Optimized Hydrolysis Probe Design

HLA-B*57:01 genotyping before abacavir (ABC) administration is a standard of care to avoid ABC-driven hypersensitivity reactions. Several HLA-B*57:01 tests have been developed, each with advantages and disadvantages. Some have limited accuracy, require special instrumentation, and/or are labor intensive and expensive. We developed a novel hydrolysis probe–based real-time PCR method of HLA-B*57:01 genotyping. Primer and probes were designed based on published sequence variations in exon 3 of HLA-B that distinguish HLA-B*57:01 from ABC-insensitive alleles such as HLA-B*57:03 and HLA-B*58:01. We designed PCR primers to amplify HLA-B*57:01 along with closely related alleles, such as HLA-B*57:03, directly from genomic DNA. Most ABC-insensitive alleles, including HLA-B*58:01, would not produce any products in the PCR reaction. Our hydrolysis probes enable differentiation of HLA-B*57:01 from the other amplified, but ABC-insensitive, alleles. In addition to using real-time PCR, we used restriction enzymes to generate differential digestion patterns that led to the development of an HLA-B*57:01 PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism marker. When used to genotype a set of 75 selected clinical samples, our real-time PCR assay demonstrated 100% accuracy in distinguishing between the HLA-B*57:01-positive and -negative alleles when results were compared to those of sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe typing and reference laboratory testing. Our newly developed test will allow clinical laboratories with real-time PCR capabilities to perform HLA-B*57:01 genotyping in a timely and economical manner.
Regional Variation in Neonatal Intensive Care Admissions and the Relationship to Bed Supply

Objective To characterize geographic variation in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates across the entire birth cohort and evaluate the relationship between regional bed supply and NICU admission rates. Study design This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. 2013 US birth certificate and 2012 American Hospital Association data were used to assign newborns and NICU beds to neonatal intensive care regions. Descriptive statistics of admission rates were calculated across neonatal intensive care regions. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between bed supply and individual odds of admission, with adjustment for maternal and newborn characteristics. Results Among 3 304 364 study newborns, the NICU admission rate was 7.2 per 100 births and varied across regions for all birth weight categories. IQRs in admission rates were 84.5–93.2 per 100 births for 500-1499 g, 35.3–46.1 for 1500-2499 g, and 3.5–5.5 for ≥2500 g. Adjusted odds of admission for newborns of very low birth weight were unrelated to regional bed supply; however, newborns ≥2500 g in regions with the highest NICU bed supply were significantly more likely to be admitted to a NICU than those in regions with the lowest (aOR 1.20 [1.03-1.40]). Conclusions There is persistent underuse of NICU care for newborns of very low birth weight that is not associated with regional bed supply. Among larger newborns, we find evidence of supply-sensitive care, raising concerns about the potential overuse of expensive and unnecessary care. Rather than improving access to needed care, NICU expansion may instead further deregionalize neonatal care, exacerbating underuse.
Towards a Caribbean Political Theology of Emancipation and Decolonization: A Comparative Analysis of Four Caribbean Theologians

This essay examines the contributions of four Caribbean theologians to the disciplines of theology and anthropology, and human rights conversations. Jean-Bertrand Aristide (Haiti), Idris Hamid (Tri...
The Classification of Abnormal Behavior: An Overview

Tremendous progress in classifying abnormal behavior has been made in the past 25 years. With the advent of DSM-III and its multiaxial system, along with the purging of psychodynamic theory from classification in favor of operational definitions, we now have a much improved classification scheme. Nonetheless, there is still room for improvement within that system, including a more open-minded evaluation of the feasibility of the medical model, as opposed to a classification system based on classification theory and models, and more empirically based decision making. The latter is expected to occur as the literature base expands, and perhaps future systems will be revolutionary not so much for their changes but for their demonstrations of the validity of earlier schemata.
Hierarchical Control of Reactor Inlet Temperature in Pool-Type Plants —I: Physics of Control

Next generation pool-type power plants will require advanced control techniques to meet operational and safety goals. This is the conclusion after conducting control experiments in the Experimental...
Notre-Dame du Raincy and the Great War

In Notre-Dame du Raincy and the Great War, Etien Santiago explores how the 1923 church of Notre-Dame du Raincy, designed by Auguste and Gustave Perret, resonated with other French buildings erected during or soon after World War I. Officially designated a monument to a significant battle and the soldiers who died there, the church contains only two overt commemorative symbols, both of which are relatively discreet. Yet original sources reveal that the Perrets9 contemporaries saw additional allusions to the war in the building9s exposed concrete and bell tower, the latter of which evoked the “lanterns of the dead” typical of contemporaneous French Great War memorials. Moreover, to build Notre-Dame du Raincy, the Perrets drew direct inspiration from utilitarian wartime constructions. Contextualizing the church amid these related structures allows us to chart some of the multiple and often contradictory ways in which French citizens and designers grappled with the war and its legacy.
Certified Algorithms: Worst-Case Analysis and Beyond

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a certified algorithm. Certified algorithms provide worst-case and beyond-worst-case performance guarantees. First, a γ-certified algorithm is also a γ-approximation algorithm - it finds a γ-approximation no matter what the input is. Second, it exactly solves γ-perturbation-resilient instances (γ-perturbation-resilient instances model real-life instances). Additionally, certified algorithms have a number of other desirable properties: they solve both maximization and minimization versions of a problem (e.g. Max Cut and Min Uncut), solve weakly perturbation-resilient instances, and solve optimization problems with hard constraints. In the paper, we define certified algorithms, describe their properties, present a framework for designing certified algorithms, provide examples of certified algorithms for Max Cut/Min Uncut, Minimum Multiway Cut, k-medians and k-means. We also present some negative results.
Hip Arthroscopy in Smokers: A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes and Complications in 18,585 Cases.

Background:Although the negative effects of smoking have been documented for other types of arthroscopic procedures, there is limited information regarding its influence on hip arthroscopy outcomes...
A Patent Restriction on Research & Development: Infringers or Innovators?

The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ("TRIPS") requires developing nations to harmonize patent regimes as a means to achieve stronger industrial growth. Countries, however, need to adopt effective patent procedures in order to successfully institute a patent regime. In spite of this, international treaties like TRIPS do not properly assist developing nations in establishing appropriate procedural mechanisms capable of complimenting a sophisticated patent regime. Consequently, developing nations may embrace ineffective patent procedures that can eventually further limit industrial growth despite establishing a TRIPS compliant patent regime. The paper uses India as a case study to demonstrate the detriments of not instituting appropriate patent procedures assuming India embraces a product patent regime as required under TRIPS. Then, the paper contrasts the procedural mechanisms established in patent regimes of developed nations such as the United States and, to a lesser extent, the European Union. The solution for patent harmonization lies in adequately complimenting patent regimes by equipping developing nations with appropriate and flexible procedural tools, based on national needs, to ultimately encourage local invention.
Risk management of infectious disease using multidimensional Omics: Molecular diagnostic and personal care of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide responsible for over 1.5 million deaths annually. It is caused by hazardous biological pathogen (i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)) with single infectious agent, surpassing even HIV/AIDS. Roughly one-quarter of the world's population has latent TB, meaning that people have been infected by tuberculosis bacteria but have not yet developed the disease. Patients with active tuberculosis on average infect five to fifteen other people via airborne droplets. Once infected, people with HIV are 19 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis which has almost 100% mortality for this group, if not treated properly. Comparatively, 45% of HIV negative people will die if they develop active tuberculosis and are not adequately medicated. This is concerning since 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries, where treatments and diagnosis may not be timely. Additionally, current detection methods do not distinguish active tuberculosis from a cleared or latent infection while microbiological culture of mycobacteria is slow. However, medical discoveries and newly developed technologies allowed for unification of disciplines incorporating omics into everyday biological research. The goal of this short review is to demonstrate ways in which field of multidimensional Omics could contributed to the advanced detection of infectious disease by improving accuracy and quality of patient care by implementing molecular based detection of pathogen (i.e., antigenicity and metabolomics tools) as well as personal care with follow-up monitoring care (i.e., immunogenicity and vaccinomics tools) in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis.
Detecting empty and loaded platform semi-trailers using side-fire LiDAR data for supporting freight analysis

Abstract Empty truck trips constitute an important aspect of commodity-based freight planning and modeling. But this information is generally not available to state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) or Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) since detecting empty trips is a challenge with traditional vehicle sensors as they do not provide the body type of the truck and trailer. In this study, we propose a method for detecting empty and loaded platform semi-trailers using data from a multi-array Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor. From the LiDAR cloud points, 3D profiles of trucks can be generated, and these profiles allow extracting useful information (e.g., body type, empty and loaded platforms). Since only platform semi-trailers’ payload is observable from their 3D profiles, we only consider open platform trailers which constitute about 20% of the truck trailer population in the USA. This paper shows how point-cloud data from a 16-beam LiDAR sensor are processed to extract useful information and features to distinguish between empty and loaded platform semi-trailers versus all other major truck body types (e.g., dry van, container, tank, automobile transport). Several machine learning (ML) models, in particular, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost.M2), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are implemented on the field data collected on a freeway segment that includes over 9,200 trucks. The results show that all major semi-trailers and empty platform semi-trailers can be distinguished with high levels of accuracies of 99% and 97% respectively.
Comorbidities at time of diagnosis as a predictor of more or less aggressive treatment modalities in early-invasive breast cancer.

e12591Background: Comorbidities and advanced age have been shown to play important roles in breast cancer treatment and outcomes. Reduced doses of chemotherapy, worse treatment-related side-effects...
NSun2 deficiency promotes tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration through epitranscriptomic regulation of miR-125b

Abstract Overproduction or suppression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains promote alterations in tau proteostasis and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms governing how specific miRNAs are dysregulated in AD brains are still under investigation. Epitranscriptomic regulation adds a layer of post-transcriptional control to brain function during development and adulthood. NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSun2) is one of the few known brain-enriched methyltransferases able to modify mammalian non-coding RNAs and loss of function autosomal-recessive mutations in NSUN2 have been associated with neurological abnormalities in humans. Here, we provide evidence that NSun2 is expressed in adult human neurons in the hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex. When we evaluated NSun2 protein expression in post-mortem brain tissue from AD patients we find is dysregulated which was also found in mice and human cellular AD models. To probe these observed alterations were unique to AD we further evaluated brain tissue from other tauopathies, observing NSun2 protein levels were similar between cases and controls. In a well-established Drosophila melanogaster model of tau-induced toxicity we investigated the pathological role of NSun2 observing that reduction of NSun2 protein levels exacerbated tau toxicity, while overexpression of NSun2 partially abrogated the toxic effects. We further show using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neuronal cultures that NSun2 deficiency results in tau hyperphosphorylation and we found in primary hippocampal neuronal cultures NSun2 levels decrease in response to amyloid-beta oligomers (AβO). Furthermore, in mice, we observed that NSun2 deficiency promotes aberrant levels of m6A methylated miR-125b and tau hyperphosphorylation. Altogether, our study supports that neuronal NSun2 deficiency in AD promotes neurodegeneration by altering tau phosphorylation and tau toxicity through an epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism and highlights a novel avenue for therapeutic targeting.
The Influence of Incubator and Accelerator Participation on Nanotechnology Venture Success

This study investigates how venture development programs such as private incubators, university incubators, and accelerators influence the success of participating nanotechnology startups. With the...
Contributions of multiple forms of myosin to nerve outgrowth.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of myosins in growth cone locomotion, axon assembly and transport. Myosins appear likely to have multiple functional roles in neurons. At least seven families of myosin have been identified in vertebrate cells. Although it has not yet been determined whether representatives from each of these families are expressed in nervous tissue, myosins I, II and V are abundant in neurons and therefore are likely to be involved in growth cone locomotion and axon assembly. Myosin V forms dimers but does not form filaments. Homozygous myosin V deletion mutations in mice result in lethal convulsions indicating that myosin V could be crucial to nervous system function. It is important to understand these roles and the results of their interactions in living cells to fully explain the mechanisms that underlie growth cone locomotion and axonal assembly. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying axon growth will help guide the development of strategies designed to facilitate axonal regeneration following nerve injury.
Evaluating the self-expressed unmet needs of emancipated foster youth over time

Abstract This study explores the self-reported unmet need for independent living services of young people making the transition to adulthood from foster care after the creation of the Chafee Foster Care Independence Program. We find that 34.5% of youth indicated that they had an independent living service need that went unmet at age 17, 27.9% at age 21 and 35.5% at age 23, with the largest percentage indicating they lacked preparation in the area of finance. Some of these youth expressed unmet need consistently while others' expression of unmet need fluctuated over time. Youth who indicated that they had mental health issues were significantly more likely to report unmet need at baseline and wave 3. Youth who indicated that they received more social support and independent living services were less likely to report unmet need at baseline and wave 3. These youth perspectives could lead to the enhancement of existing independent living skill provision as states prepare to extend the age of foster care benefits, ultimately making them more timely and effective.
Abstract W MP28: Early Elevation of Plasma Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 is Associated With Poor Functional Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: Vasospasm (VSP) and brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are associated with tissue hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a truncated soluble form of VEGF receptor-1, is an endogenous VEGF inhibitor released in response to hypoxia and nitric oxide deficiency. SFlt-1 is anti-angiogenic and mediates endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesize sFlt-1 elevation may be associated with VSP and poor SAH outcome. Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive SAH subjects, banked serial blood samples, and evaluated their modified Rankin scores (mRS) at 3 month intervals. Poor functional outcome was defined as mRS>2. Angiographic VSP was defined as >50% reduction in caliber of any vessel on post-SAH day 7 cerebral angiogram. In 63 SAH subjects, we compared plasma sFlt-1 by ELISA on post-SAH days 3 and 5 by VSP and outcome status using Wilcoxon rank sum or Student’s t-test depending on data distribution. Bonferroni correct...
Radiation- and Drug-Induced DNA Repair in Mammalian Oocytes and Embryos

A review of studies showing ultraviolet- or drug-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian oocytes and embryos suggests that the female gamete has an excision repair capacity from the earliest stages of oocyte growth. The oocyte’s demonstrable excision repair capacity decreases at the time of meiotic maturation for unknown reasons, but the fully mature oocyte maintains a repair capacity, in contrast to the mature sperm, and contributes this to the zygote. Early embryo cells maintain relatively constant levels of excision repair until late fetal stages, when they lose their capacity for excision repair.
Cutaneous amyloidosis: A case report of the tumefactive variant and a review of the spectrum of clinical presentations

A case of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis is presented to illustrate the spectrum of cutaneous amyloidosis. The clinical, pathologic, and pathogenic characteristics of amyloidosis syndromes are briefly reviewed and summarized.
Control of T Cell Development In Vivo by Subdomains Within the IL-7 Receptor α-Chain Cytoplasmic Tail

IL-7/IL-7R signaling functions in both growth and differentiation during T cell development. In this study, we examined the extent these activities were controlled by signaling associated with distinct IL-7Rα cytoplasmic domains by transgenic expression of wild-type or cytoplasmic deletion mutants of IL-7Rα in the thymi of IL-7Rα−/− mice. We show an essential requirement for the tyrosine-containing carboxyl-terminal T domain in restoring thymic cellularity, pro-/pre-T cell progression, and survival. In contrast, the functional differentiation of TCR αβ cells and the development of TCR γδ cells are partially independent of the T domain. Thus, separate cytoplasmic domains of the IL-7Rα chain differentially control distinct functions during T cell development, whereas normal IL-7R-dependent thymic development requires the integrated activity of all these domains.
Dynamics of Atomic-Oxygen-Induced Degradation of Materials

We have investigated the mechanisms that lead to degradation of hydrocarbon-based materials that are subject to attack by atomic oxygen. Beams of energetic oxygen atoms were directed at liquid (squalane) and solid (Kapton) surfaces, and the reactive and nonreactive products that scattered from these surfaces were detected with a rotatable mass spectrometer detector. Angularly resolved flux and energy distributions of the products revealed that OH and H2O are the initial products of ground-state O(3 P) reactions. Subsequent reactions that become important on a static surface under continuous O-atom bombardment ultimately produce CO and CO2, All observed products exited the surface via thermal and nonthermal mechanisms, and the balance between these mechanisms was dependent on incident O-atom translational energy. Preliminary results suggest that concomitant surface bombardment by energetic atomic or molecular species can enhance the removal rate of CO and CO2, Protection of a polymer surface with a coating dramatically reduced the reactive signal that was detected and thus suggests an approach to materials testing in atomic oxygen environments that involves in situ monitoring of the process.
Driving Under the Influence of Phenobarbital

A driving-under-the-influence (DUI) case with an unusually high phenobarbital concentration is presented. Significant toxicologic findings include a blood phenobarbital level of 132 μg/mL. Toxicology data relevant to interpretation are discussed.
Everyday Practices of Indigenismo: An Ethnography of Anthropology and the State in Mexico

RESUMEN Indigenismo, o el estudio e incorporacion de la cultura indigena y sus pueblos a las sociedades nacionales, fue un proyecto politico muy importante para el estado Mexicano durante el siglo veinte. Mientras que el indigenismo ha sido discutido como una ideologia y proyecto de estado, poco sabemos de las interacciones cotidianas que hacen del indigenismo una practica, o del papel que tuvo la antropologia en moldear estas interacciones cotidianas. Este articulo presenta un estudio etnografico de agentes del estado trabajando en el Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI) en Mexico. Basado en entrevistas y trabajo de campo realizado entre 1995 y 2002, este articulo muestra como los burocratas de “primer nivel” del INI determinaban en gran medida el contenido del indigenismo que era practicado en el campo. Los trabajadores del INI aprendieron y ensenaron el “espiritu indigenista” basandose en ideas antropologicas sobre sensibilidad cultural y desarrollo regional, asi como en una perspectiva antropologica de entender el campo. El articulo plantea que los trabajadores del INI contaban con capital social y propone que las dimensiones socio-culturales del indigenismo persistiran despues de la desaparicion del INI y el fin de la antropologia indigenista.
Adjunctive diagnostic techniques for oral lesions of unknown malignant potential: Systematic review with meta‐analysis

Background The purpose of this study was to critically review the published evidence concerning adjunctive diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of oral lesions of unknown malignant potential. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review with meta-analysis using PubMed to search for articles published from June 1993 through June 2013 to identify prospective studies evaluating any diagnostic method, with tissue biopsy confirmation, in clinically evident oral lesions of unknown malignant potential. Aggregate weighted totals and SEs for true, false-positive, false-negative, and inadequate results were calculated and compared among subgroups. Results Forty-eight articles satisfying inclusion criteria were identified. Twenty-five were included in quantitative synthesis. Conclusion Oral cytology holds higher diagnostic value than specialist's oral examination, which holds higher value than in vivo toluidine blue staining. This study does not support the use of computer-aided or liquid-based cytology. Future studies should be designed to test multiple methods in the same patient population to allow direct comparison among various techniques. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 755–762, 2015
DL-MPI: Enabling data locality computation for MPI-based data-intensive applications

Currently, most scientific applications based on MPI adopt a compute-centric architecture. Needed data is accessed by MPI processes running on different nodes through a shared file system. Unfortunately, the explosive growth of scientific data undermines the high performance of MPI-based applications, especially in the execution environment of commodity clusters. In this paper, we present a novel approach to enable data locality computation for MPI-based data-intensive applications and refer to it as DL-MPI. DL-MPI allows MPI-based programs to obtain data distribution information for compute nodes through a novel data locality API. In addition, the problem of allocating data processing tasks to parallel processes is formulated as an integer optimization problem with the objectives of achieving data locality computation and optimal parallel execution time. For heterogeneous runtime environments, we propose a scheduling algorithm based on probability to dynamically schedule tasks to processes by evaluating the unprocessed local data and the computing ability of each compute node. We demonstrate the functionality of our methods through the implementation of scientific data processing programs as well as the incorporation of DL-MPI with existing HPC applications.
Mode competition and long time recurrence in low gain FEL oscillators

Abstract A set of nonlinear mode coupling equations, involving the slowly varying amplitude and phase of the radiation modes, is derived. A numerical model involving five modes is used to investigate mode selection and accessibility of a single mode steady state. At low gain situations, the system relaxes to a steady state with one dominant mode. At moderate gain the FEL settles into a recurrent, semiperiodic behavior, exhibiting large amplitude and power oscillations with period of a few hundred passes. This internal modulation mechanism causes a macropulse structure similar to that observed in storage ring FELs.