cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards green distributed storage systems

We model a distributed storage system consisting of energy harvesting nodes which store multiple files. To investigate the performance of file retrieval and node repair, we formulate two optimization problems: maximizing the number of retrieved (repaired) files given a deadline, and minimizing the retrieval (repair) time of a number of stored files. We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the feasibility of retrieving (repairing) a number of files by a deadline. Utilizing these conditions, we reduce the aforementioned problems to a single feasibility problem, which is solved using forward and backward algorithms. Finally, the system performance is illustrated numerically.
Superparamagnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in lipid vesicles for advanced magnetic hyperthermia and biodetection

A multifunctional nanocomposite formed by superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles of 12.8 ± 1.7 nm diameter encapsulated in lipid unilamellar vesicles (i.e., magnetoliposomes) was prepared using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The quality of the synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Using a modified Langevin model, we analyzed the magnetic measurement data. We found that the SEC prepared magnetoliposomes possess superparamagnetic characteristics. We also performed calorimetric based magnetic hyperthermia measurement to quantify field dependent heating efficiency of the obtained magnetoliposomes. A heating efficiency of ∼160 W/g at 800 Oe and 310 kHz was obtained. Finally, we used magnetoreactance-based biodetection to explore the effect of magnetoliposomes on magneto-impedance (MI) and magneto-reactance (MX) ratios. Compared to pure vesicles, magnetoliposomes were found to increase the MI and MX ratios by ∼1.0% and 4.5%, respectively. Together, our magnetic hyperthermia and magneto-detection measurements indicate that our SEC prepared magnetoliposomes exhibit good qualities for hyperthermia and biosensing applications.
New functionally dioecious bush tomato from northwestern Australia, Solanum ossicruentum, may utilize “trample burr” dispersal

A new Australian species of functionally dioecious bush tomato of Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum is described. Solanum ossicruentum Martine & J.Cantley, sp. nov., is thought to be allied with members of the problematic "Dioicum Complex" lineage, but differs in its short silvery indumentum, long calyx lobes, larger stature, and an unusual fruit morphology that may represent "trample burr" seed dispersal. The species occurs in a range extending from the eastern Kimberley in Western Australia to far northwestern Northern Territory and has been recognized for decades as a variant of Solanum dioicum W.Fitzg. Specimens of this species were previously referred to by D.E. Symon and others as Solanum dioicum 'Tanami.' Ex situ crossing studies and SEM images of inaperturate pollen grains produced in morphologically hermaphrodite flowers indicate that this taxon is functionally dioecious. The scientific name was chosen with the help of 150 seventh grade life science students from Pennsylvania, USA.
44 The High-Risk Bariatric Patient

Advances made in the field of bariatric surgery have decreased surgical times, improved outcomes, and thus allowed patients that previously were of prohibitive operative risk to undergo necessary surgery. Often the patients that were in most need of the benefits that bariatric surgery has to offer were deemed too moribund by risks that were associated with obesity.
Experimental study of performance of geogrid-reinforced retaining wall subjected to load from strip foundation at top surface of wall

On the basis of test studies of performance of geogrid-reinforced retaining walls subjected to load from strip foundation at the top surface of wall,the comprehensive effects of distance between panel and strip foundation on the ultimate bearing capacity,deformation characteristics,reinforcement strains and failure mode of retaining wall were analyzed.The experiment results show that ultimate bearing capacity of strip foundation exhibits a remarkable increase tendency with increase of D /H(D,offset and H,height of retaining wall) before reaching at D /H 0.3,and maximum ultimate bearing capacity can be obtained when D /H 0.3,which is followed by a significant decrease with continuing increase of D /H.Before reinforced retaining walls failing,the ratios of settlement of foundation and height of wall are less than 2%;and the ratios of horizontal deformation of panel and height of wall are less than 1%;moreover,horizontal deformations at the top of walls are significantly greater than the deformation in the middle and at the bottom of walls while D /H is less than 0.6.Additionally,the maximum strains of reinforcement happen to the positions where being away from panel with the increase of D /H;and the maximum values of strains will occur at the top layer of reinforcement and then shift to the middle layers.Lastly,three main failure modes of retaining walls,shallow failure with blocks at the top of walls squeezed out,failure surface occurring at the verge of foundation developed deeper and global failure of retaining walls,are presented.
Isolation of Mycobacterial RNA

This chapter describes two protocols for isolating total RNA from mycobacteria: one for extraction from in vitro cultures and one for extraction from in vivo. In these protocols, RNA is liberated from mycobacteria by disruption with small glass beads in the presence of Trizol to stabilize the RNA. The RNA is further purified with DNAse treatment and RNeasy columns. This protocol leads to microgram quantities of RNA from log-phase cultures.
Visual or Media Literacy

AbstractThe definition of "visual literacy " is debatable, as is that of "media literacy." While the terms are used interchangably by some, other people believe they have distinctly different meanings. Those different meanings can create confusion and disagreement in applying the terminology, leaving us all a bit fuzzy in our understandings. As this article attests, the changing technology has made this issue even more complex. Here the author cites several definitions and then offers an interpretaiton that distiniquishes between the two terms, while also positioning them as they relate to each other.
Grant Review from the Inside

Surrounding a group of tables set in a large rectangle sit 25 people, their eyes focused on their laptops. Next to each sits a jug of water, a microphone, a ceramic coffee cup, and a prominent card displaying each reviewer’s name in simple, unadorned black and white. Not far away sit three smaller “satellite” tables, each manned by just a couple of people, also ensconced on their laptops. The room is small—barely capable of fitting the entire group of people—and windowless, but with high ceilings lit entirely by two overly ornate chandeliers, an incongruous touch to an otherwise staid setting. One person is speaking in a baritone-pitched monotone, the words seeming to impress no one. After a few minutes, a balding middle-aged man at one of the narrow ends of the rectangle responds, “Thanks for that thorough review, Mitch. OK, let’s see reviewer #2, uh, that’s Dr. Shi. What are your thoughts?”
Risk-based vulnerability assessment for transportation infrastructure performance

In recent years, several high profile weather events, earthquakes, man-made incidents, and other disruptive events have caused significant disruption to the flow of goods and services across large-scale transportation networks. Resulting economic and safety repercussions of these events are associated with reduced efficiency of movement, cost-overruns, and supply disruptions for freight movement. As transportation infrastructure is vulnerable to a variety of uncertain future conditions, transportation management in coordination with industry must recognise uncertainties in future events during stages of distribution planning. This paper describes a scenario-based Bayesian approach to evaluate evidence from big-data resources, such as geographic landscape and demographic data, to identify vulnerable sections of the transportation network. This method contributes to organisational priority setting by considering the influence of a variety of scenarios on priorities, thereby identifying robust risk-informed investments for the protection of geographically diverse large-scale infrastructure systems. The approach will allow decision-makers to utilise a data-driven graphical model for network operations, with updated beliefs as new evidence emerges. The methods are demonstrated on a critical transportation network in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The results are useful to stakeholders responsible for promoting efficiency across transportation networks, such as infrastructure managers, supply chain managers, disaster relief organisations.
Medical improvisation training to enhance the antenatal counseling skills of neonatologists and neonatal fellows: a pilot study

AbstractIntroduction: Neonatologists must be skilled at providing antenatal counseling to expectant parents of premature infants at the limits of viability. We conducted a medical improvisation workshop with the objective of enhancing antenatal counseling skills.Methods: Pre- and postworkshop questionnaires were collected to examine the impact of the training. A follow-up survey was distributed 3 months after the workshop to examine the impact of the training on antenatal counseling skills.Results: Nine neonatologists and three neonatal fellows participated in the workshop. Participants reported the skills learned in the workshop could enhance the quality of antenatal counseling. On follow-up survey, 90% of subjects reported improvements in the quality of their antenatal counseling.Discussion: Participation in a medical improvisation workshop resulted in enhancements of self-perceived antenatal counseling skills. Medical improvisation training may provide a feasible and effective method of communication t...
Emerging therapeutic interventions against noise-induced hearing loss.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) due to industrial, military, and recreational noise exposure is a major, but also potentially preventable cause of acquired hearing loss. For the United States it is estimated that 26 million people (15% of the population) between the ages of 20 and 69 have a high-frequency NIHL at a detriment to the quality of life of the affected individuals and great economic cost to society.Areas covered: This review outlines the pathology and pathophysiology of hearing loss as seen in humans and animal models. Results from molecular studies are presented that have provided the basis for therapeutic strategies successfully applied to animals. Several compounds emerging from these studies (mostly antioxidants) are now being tested in field trials.Expert opinion: Although no clinically applicable intervention has been approved yet, recent trials are encouraging. In order to maximize protective therapies, future work needs to apply stringent criteria for noise expos...
Identifying the Active Surfaces of Electrochemically Tuned LiCoO2 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Identification of active sites for catalytic processes has both fundamental and technological implications for rational design of future catalysts. Herein, we study the active surfaces of layered lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using the enhancement effect of electrochemical delithiation (De-LCO). Our theoretical results indicate that the most stable (0001) surface has a very large overpotential for OER independent of lithium content. In contrast, edge sites such as the nonpolar (1120) and polar (0112) surfaces are predicted to be highly active and dependent on (de)lithiation. The effect of lithium extraction from LCO on the surfaces and their OER activities can be understood by the increase of Co4+ sites relative to Co3+ and by the shift of active oxygen 2p states. Experimentally, it is demonstrated that LCO nanosheets, which dominantly expose the (0001) surface show negligible OER enhancement upon delithiation. However, a noticeable increase in OER activity (∼0.1 V i...
Grounds For and Against the Assumption of an Always Equal Innervation of Both Eyes

The observation that both eyes usually move together is not an adequate reason for the assumption that there is some kind of compulsion (Zwang) to simultaneous movement. The fact can be adequately explained because we must always fixate both eyes on the subject in order to see as clearly as possible and grasp the object of sight with both eyes just as we grasp and hold fast to some objects with both hands. One comes to the assumption of a compulsory link of the eyes for common movement much more through the experience that this linking also occurs when vision is not helped by it and even when it is decidedly hindered.
Docetaxel-induced cardiac-respiratory arrest in a patient with chronic atrial fibrillation.

Docetaxel has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of many cancer types, including breast cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Many severe to life-threatening side effects (Grades 3–5) of docetaxel have been reported in clinical trials, case reports, and Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System. These include anaphylactic reactions, febrile neutropenia, fluid retention, acute respiratory distress, pleural effusion, pneumonia, and peripheral neuropathy. There were fewer cardiac toxicities reported for docetaxel as compared to paclitaxel, which were less severe. In this report, we present a clinical case of docetaxel-induced cardiac-respiratory arrest in a 62-year-old Hispanic male patient with stable chronic atrial fibrillation, who has been recently diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer. The cardiac event developed within 15 min of docetaxel infusion during the second cycle of chemotherapy despite using recommended premedica...
Atlas of Wildlife Migration: Wyoming's Ungulates

For thousands of years ungulates have migrated between seasonal ranges in the vast and beautiful landscapes of Wyoming. From mule deer and pronghorn that travel across the Red Desert to the wilderness journeys of elk and moose in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming boasts some of the longest and most spectacular migrations in North America. These epic, terrestrial migrations are to many a symbol of Wyomingâs vast intact landscapes. And although these migrations are part of the regionâs cultural heritage, they are poorly understood and threatened by rapidly changing landscapes. Recent research at the University of Wyoming has broken new ground in our understanding of Wyomingâs ungulate
Acceptance of the 2017 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America

Thank you, Hap, for that very kind introduction; my friendship and professional relationship with you go back very far, and some of my most enjoyable work has been done with you, so I particularly appreciate your introducing me today. I also want to thank the MSA, those of you who have come to this luncheon, and those who participated in this morning's symposium on “Petrology Across the Solar System”—which was fun and filled with great talks and required people to come a long way. It is all very humbling, particularly when I look at the list of previous recipients extending back to 1929, including people whom I never knew, but whose influence on our field is legendary—Bowen, Schairer, Tilley, Buddington, Khorshkinskii, and so many more; people from generations ahead of me but whom I know (or in some cases, knew) well and whose influence on me personally and professionally has been profound, and about whom I think often for what they taught me that continues to resonate for me—Jim Thompson, Ian Carmichael, Peter Wyllie, and both Don Lindsley and Gary Ernst who are here today; and more recently, people from my cohort who are my friends and whose work shapes and defines in our own time the fields represented by the MSA. I am honored to have my name added to the list.
The Deformation Theorem

Let ϕ: X → ℝ be a C 1 functional on a Banach space X. A number c ∈ ℝ is called a critical value of ϕ if ϕ(u) = c for some critical point u ∈ X. The set of all critical points at the level c is denoted by Kc: $$ K_c = \left\{ {u \in X|\phi ^\prime \left( u \right) = 0, \phi \left( u \right) = c} \right\}. $$ Also, we shall denote by ϕ;c the set of all points in X at levels ≤ c, that is, $$ \phi ^c = \left\{ {u \in X|\phi \left( u \right) \leqslant c} \right\}. $$
Integrating Sustainability Assessment into Manufacturing Decision Making

Prior efforts have focused on environmental assessment coupled with manufacturing cost analysis; however, few have attempted integrated sustainability assessment for manufacturing. An approach is developed for sustainable manufacturing decision making and demonstrated for a machining work cell. Assessment results are obtained and discussed for three production scenarios. A multi-criteria decision making method is applied to aggregate the results from individual economic, environmental, and social assessments. Limitations and future opportunities revealed by this study are discussed, including the challenges of incorporating actual production data, accessibility to social information, and amenability to the optimization of a spectrum of loosely coupled sustainability metrics.
Effects of Goals on Subjective QOL

This chapter describes the effects of goals on subjective well-being. As a foundation to a better understanding the effects of goals on subjective well-being, let us begin by examining measures that are guided by the theoretic concept of goals. Consider the Cantril Ladder (Cantril, 1965), which is considered to be a seminal measure in QOL studies. Respondents are provided with the following instructions:
Pragmatics of implementing guidelines on the front lines.

We commend Shiffman and colleagues (“Bridging the Guideline Implementation Gap: A Systematic, Document-Centered Approach to Guideline Implementation”1) for highlighting the challenges of integrating guidelines into clinical practice and proposing pragmatic mechanisms for addressing them. We note, however, that the approach advocated by Shiffman et al., as well as by numerous other groups recently,2–8 is fundamentally a document-centric model. This approach may lead others to assume that representing a guideline correctly as a “computer-readable” document is the majority of the work required for implementation success. Although the “understanding” and representation of the clinical content of a guideline are a sine qua non for its local implementation, the document-centric approach leaves a substantial gap between the idealized document model and any specific guideline implementation in a local clinical system. This considerable gap is not unlike the “curly braces” problem documented for the Arden Syntax a decade ago.3–5 We estimate that 90% of the effort required for successful guideline implementation is (and must be) local, and the remaining 10% of the effort involves “getting the document right.” We believe that an alternative approach to local guideline implementation is to focus on the guideline's recommended actions; on the capabilities of the local care provider order entry (CPOE) or electronic health record (EHR) system that will serve as the “effector mechanism” for the guideline; on locally available computational and clinical resources; and on the guideline's required “clinical infrastructure.” We believe that guidelines should be implemented locally and directly (with a systematic approach, as described below) via local clinical systems (as opposed to a quasi-automatic implementation using a computer-readable, nationally disseminated document). The goal of both the “document-centric” and the “locally customized and guided” approaches is the same: implementation of locally effective guidelines that appropriately influence clinical decision making, …
Idols of the Classroom

An appeal for that kind of “academic freedom” which permits each teacher to render his best service.
Builders of Arachnology

In many older authors (Aristotle and others), we can find information about spiders, scorpions, and other Arachnida. The scientific studies however started with the paper of Clerck (1757), the only one recognized as valid before the system of Linnaeus (1758).
NASA NEO Deflection Application: Current Capabilities and Limitations

The NEO deflection simulator demonstrates what capability is needed for deflection of fictitious but realistic hazardous Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) by high-energy kinetic impactors. Focus is placed on requirements for launch systems, payloads, guidance, software, resources and long-term sustainability. Mission timeline is addressed in terms of what we can do in a month, six months, or a few years, and gaps in our ability to respond are identified. Finally, the chapter proposes how to close the gaps and quantify the resulting technical and monetary benefits.
Design Thinking, Collaborative Innovation, and Neoliberal Disappointment: Cruel Optimism in the History and Future of Higher Education

The extensive amount of academic labor of minoritized faculty, especially at research institutions, has been well documented in the academic literature. Three tenured associate professors at The University of Texas present the genesis, evolution, and postscript of leading and serving in an initiative to de-silo and encourage collaboration across the university, culminating in a collaboratively taught course. Integrating concepts of teaching in the neoliberal university context, the gendered and raced distribution of academic labor, and slow scholarship, the authors discuss the pedagogically productive process of collective teaching and decision-making, the frustrations inherent when employing radical pedagogy, and institutional shifts that prioritize a customer-service model of teaching, learning, and rapid research productivity. The authors conclude with reflections and recommendations for scholar-researchers similarly placed in institutional contexts where encroachments upon academic freedom and an embrace of business models collide with personal goals of career satisfaction, collective work, and improving pedagogy.
DBP Evaluations in DBPNet Sites: Is Race/Ethnicity a Significant Factor in Care?

Objective To examine whether there are differences between non-Hispanic white (NHW) and nonwhite (NW) children in referral questions, evaluations, and diagnoses during developmental behavioral pediatrician (DBP) evaluations at academic medical centers and the potential role of socioeconomic factors in any disparities noted. Design/methods This observational study used survey data from 56 DBPs at 12 sites participating in DBPNet. Child race and ethnicity were obtained from DBP report. Mixed-model logistic and linear regression analyses controlling for site, provider, and socioeconomic proxy variables (insurance type, parent education, and language spoken at home) were used to compare groups on referral concerns, evaluation procedures, and diagnoses. Results Among the patients evaluated, 349 were NHW, 406 were NW (187 Hispanic, 135 black, 58 Asian/Pacific Islander, and 26 other/mixed), and 29 were missing race/ethnicity data. The mean waiting time controlling for site and provider was 20.4 weeks for NHW children and 20.5 weeks for NW children. Reasons for referral were similar in the NWH and NW groups, with only sleep problem concerns being more frequent among NHW children (9.2% vs 3.4% NW, p = 0.01). Patients also had similar evaluations in the 2 groups; the only differences found were that more NHW than NW children had genetic testing (33.1% vs 19.3%, p = 0.02), ophthalmology evaluations (8.7% vs 3.4%, p = 0.03), and psychopharmacologic evaluations (19.1% vs 9.7%, p = 0.008). Numbers and types of diagnoses did not vary by race/ethnicity. Conclusion This study suggests little inequality between NHW and NW children in wait time to care, reasons for referral, workup, or final diagnosis for initial DBP evaluation at these 12 academic DBP centers when socioeconomic factors are considered. Nevertheless, because differences in these related factors may be mechanisms through which racial/ethnic disparities can arise, it will be important to consider them in planning models and care protocols for underserved communities.
Did the Medicare Prescription Drug Program Lead to New Racial and Ethnic Disparities? Examining Long-term Changes in Prescription Drug Access among Minority Populations

This study examined whether the Medicare Part D program was associated with racial/ethnic disparities in prescription drug access among elderly individuals who reported adequate access to physician...
Mechanics of spacetime — A Solid Mechanics perspective on the theory of General Relativity

We present an elastic constitutive model of gravity where we identify physical space with the mid-hypersurface of an elastic hyperplate called the “cosmic fabric” and spacetime with the fabric’s wo...
Impact of atomization gas on characteristics of austenitic stainless steel powder feedstocks for additive manufacturing

Abstract Given the complexity of the laser-material interactions prevalent in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, the need for tight control of alloy composition in the metal powder feedstock is leading to the use of specific gases during atomization. These changes in atomization gas also impact powder flow and packing. In order to identify the magnitude of this impact, two nitrogen atomized and one argon atomized 316 L austenitic stainless steel powders with similar size distributions were characterized using traditional powder characterization tools and rotating drum and annular shear rheological tools. While the traditional characterization tools and particle size measurements did not differentiate between the powders, these rheological tools allowed connections between the particle morphologies and rheological properties and powder performance to be identified. In particular, the argon atomized powders displayed higher aspect ratios, which translate into more spherical morphologies, and improved flow, defined by lower avalanche angles, when tested in the rotating drum. On the other hand, these differences in flow properties were not captured in the corresponding basic flow and specific energy measurements made with the annular shear tools. Variations in the powder packing properties and internal powder porosity in the different powder lots decreased the powder mass and introduced increased uncertainty in the force and torque measurements. The void spacing between loosely packed powders was also measured and showed how changes in particle size distribution and morphology impacted both packing density and permeability. Larger void spacing produced higher permeability values, indicating greater gas flow through the loosely packed powder.
Suremap: Predicting Uncertainty in Cnn-Based Image Reconstructions Using Stein’s Unbiased Risk Estimate

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving computational imaging reconstruction problems. However, CNNs are generally difficult-to-understand black-boxes. Accordingly, it is challenging to know when they will work and, more importantly, when they will fail. This limitation is a major barrier to their use in safety-critical applications like medical imaging: Is that blob in the reconstruction an artifact or a tumor?In this work we use Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE) to develop per-pixel confidence intervals, in the form of heatmaps, for compressive sensing reconstruction using the approximate message passing (AMP) framework with CNN-based denoisers. These heatmaps tell end-users how much to trust an image formed by a CNN, which could greatly improve the utility of CNNs in various computational imaging applications.
A remote test method for power grid security and stability control system and its engineering application

Security and stability control (SSC) system or special protection system (SPS) is an important means to ensure the safe operation of power grid. In view of the insufficiency that the current open-loop testing method cannot fully test the SSC system on-site, a remote real-time closed-loop test method is proposed. The solutions of key techniques such as information interaction, remote communication and signal conversion in remote test system are studied. Then the platform architecture and standard interface of the remote test system are designed. A remote test platform for SSC system is developed, and there application modes of the platform is deeply analysed. Finally, taking SSC system of Yunnan AC power outgoing grid as pilot application, experiment of two substations on-site is carried out. The results in practical project further prove the effectiveness of the method presented in this paper.
Degradation and Defluorination of Aqueous Perfluorooctane Sulfonate by Silica-Based Granular Media Using Batch Reactors

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are recalcitrant emerging contaminants of concern within the United States and internationally. Of the known PFASs, the sulfonates are considered...
11 – Contrasts between Intermolecular, Interparticle, and Intersurface Forces

This chapter elaborates the differences between intermolecular, interparticle, and intersurface forces. Properties of solids and liquids are determined mainly by the molecular binding force or the strength of the interactions. The long-range nature of the interactions, such as the exact distance dependence of the force laws plays only a minor role. This chapter investigates in detail the interactions between spheres and particles whose radii are much larger than interatomic spacings. The chapter lists the most common forces encountered between macroscopic particles and extended surfaces interacting in liquids. It also summarizes the special features of different interactions. The chapter illustrates some commonly occurring intermolecular and intersurface potential functions and the different effects they can have on molecule–molecule and particle–particle interactions. The chapter relates the pair potentials between small molecules to those between molecules and surfaces, and between large particles of different geometries. The chapter also explains in detail the concepts related to size effects on interparticle interaction potentials, surface-area-to-volume scaling effects, and dynamic and nonequilibrium effects.
Abstract W P330: Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume Measurement: Modified ABC/2 Method is Faster and Reliable

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume calculation using ABC/2 method is well established and is widely used. Modifications of the method have been proposed which can make hematoma volume measurement faster. Helical computed tomographic (CT) techniques with multiplanar reconstructions allow direct measurement of the antero-posterior (AP), transverse (TV) and craniocaudal (CC) diameters, thereby allowing calculation of the hematoma volume using a modified ABC/2 method. We investigated the reliability of the modified ABC/2 technique of ICH volume measurement. Method: Forty-one consecutive patients with ICH were identified from a 6-month period following review of the medical records. A board-certified neurologist used the established ABC/2 formula, while a board-certified neuroradiologist used the modified ABC/2 formula to calculate the ICH volumes. The neuroradiologist took the AP measurements off the axial section while TV as well as CC measurements off the coronal images. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The neuroradiologist took significantly less time (9 ± 3seconds) in measuring the volumes as opposed to the neurologist (44 ± 12 seconds), p<0.001. The average ICH volume as measured by the neurologist (13.2 ± 16.4 cc) was significantly smaller than the neuroradiologist measured ICH volume (19 ± 32 cc), p 30 cc (66%). The volumes measured using the two methods were significantly correlated (r= 0.85, p<0.001) with a high inter-rater reliability (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.82, ICC= 0.8). For individual dimensions, the agreement was least for TV diameters (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.7, ICC= 0.7) and highest for AP diameters (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95, ICC= 0.95). Conclusion: The modified ABC/2 formula can quickly and reliably measure the hematoma volume based on our findings. We plan to test reliability and validity further with a larger examiner pool before its routine clinical application is suggested.
Benefits and challenges of international clinical education from a US-based physiotherapist faculty perspective

Introduction The influence of internationalization on physiotherapist education in at least North American-based programmes has become more apparent. Faculty and students have been involved in various international activities. One category of activities includes international clinical education (ICE), where students earn clinical education credit for their learning activities at international sites. Although this educational strategy appears to be increasingly used in at least the United States and Canada, the related literature is limited in scope. The purpose of this portion of the present study was to investigate the benefits and challenges of ICE for US-based students, US-based physiotherapy programmes and international partners from the perspective of US-based faculty sending students for clinical education internationally. Methods Content analysis was used for this qualitative study. Fifteen US-based faculty members who had experience in sending physiotherapist students for ICE were recruited. The primary researcher conducted semi-structured phone interviews, averaging approximately 60 minutes in length. The primary and secondary researchers completed data analysis using NVivo 8 software (QSR International Inc., Cambridge, MA). Results Benefits of ICE to the students included exposure to alternate health systems, broadening of student perspectives and clinical competence. Challenges consisted of funding and possible language barrier. Increased visibility, expanded global perspective and faculty collaborations were benefits to the programme. Ensuring a quality learning experience was the greatest programme challenge. Benefits to the international site included education and faculty collaborations/exchanges; challenges were language, student clinical preparation and unfamiliarity with the student evaluation tool. Because the sample was limited to 15 US-based faculty members, the results may not be relevant to all programmes inside or outside of the United States. Additionally, the study lacked perspectives from the students or international sites. Implication for Physiotherapy Practice The present study is an early step in the important examination of the impact of this emerging educational trend on physiotherapy education and practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dealing with data corruption in remote sensing

Remote sensing has resulted in repositories of data that grow at a pace much faster than can be readily analyzed. One of the obstacles in dealing with remotely sensed data and others is the variable quality of the data. Instrument failures can result in entire missing observation cycles, while cloud cover frequently results in missing or distorted values. We investigated the use of several methods that automatically deal with corruptions in the data. These include robust measures which avoid overfitting, filtering which discards the corrupted instances, and polishing by which the corrupted elements are fitted with more appropriate values. We applied such methods to a data set of vegetation indices and land cover type assembled from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data collection.
Hydrodesulphurisation and aromatics hydrogenation on straight run gas oils of maya crude oil

Abstract Environmentally driven regulations are requiring continuous and significant changes in diesel fuel quality in many parts of the world. Further tightening of specifications are being considered for the future, with trends to lower density, sulphur, and distillation end point, as well as higher cetane number, to meet with more stringent levels of new motor power and environmental regulations. Hydroprocessing is extensively practised in petroleum industry to upgrade fuels refinery streams. In this paper, pilot plant data is presented of a moderate pressure technology developed to produce diesel fuel comply with actual and near future environmental regulations using feedstocks since medium to high contaminants content. This technology is based on Co-Mo and Ni-Mo γ-alumina supported proprietary catalysts, with high activity to sulphur and aromatics compounds commonly encountered in these petroleum fractions. Discussion will be driven to show the effect of process conditions on product quality and mains difference in catalysts performance. A series of Isthmus/Maya crude oils mixtures was prepared to test catalyst efficiency, but for the sake of explicitness, only three of these are reported in this work. Hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation activities are quite similar in both catalysts, but aromatic saturation is much more effective in Ni-Mo version. This fact is important when domestic refineries make more intensive use of light cycle oil as a mix component in the feedstock to fulfil demand.
Business Plans for E‐commerce Projects

In a brief period of time, we have seen the rise and subsequent fall of numerous e-businesses. Would-be entrepreneurs can learn much through analysis of the business plans of e-business failures as well as successes. Analyses of failures show that e-businesses have been viewed as substantially different from other businesses when in fact they are not. Consequently, writing a business plan for an e-business is similar in many ways to writing a business plan for any other business. For example, attention to financial responsibility and customer value are still at the heart of any successful plan. This chapter begins with a brief analysis of some common reasons for the failure of dot-com companies since the mid-1990s. The following section describes traditional business plan elements that should be included in any e-business project plan. The next three sections describe special considerations for new start-up companies, e-ventures of brick and mortar firms, and special considerations for new e-businesses respectively. The final section of this chapter provides one detailed framework for writing a business plan and several other resources for writing business plans. Keywords: channel conflict; Dot Bomb; Dot Com; E-Businesses; incubators; security issues; venture capitalist (VC)
Preventing signal degradation during elastic matching of noisy DCE-MR eye images

Motion during the acquisition of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI can cause model-fitting errors requiring co-registration. Clinical implementations use a pharmacokinetic model to determine lesion parameters from the contrast passage. The input to the model is the time-intensity plot from a region of interest (ROI) covering the lesion extent. Motion correction meanwhile involves interpolation and smoothing operations thereby affecting the time-intensity plots. This paper explores the trade-offs in applying an elastic matching procedure on the lesion detection and proposes enhancements. The method of choice is the 3D realization of the Demon’s elastic matching procedure. We validate our enhancements using synthesized deformation of stationary datasets that also serve as ground-truth. The framework is tested on 42 human eye datasets. Hence, we show that motion correction is beneficial in improving the model-fit and yet needs enhancements to correct for the intensity reductions during parameter estimation.
Comparing Highly Ordered Monolayers of Nanoparticles Fabricated Using Electrophoretic Deposition: Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles versus Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Ordered assemblies of nanoparticles remain challenging to fabricate, yet could open the door to many potential applications of nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that locally ordered arrays of nanoparticles, using electrophoretic deposition, can be extended to produce long-range order among the constituents. Voronoi tessellations along with multiple statistical analyses show dramatic increases in order compared with previously reported assemblies formed through electric field-assisted assembly. As a result, based on subsequent physical measurements of the nanoparticles and the deposition system, the underlying mechanisms that generate increased order are inferred.
Thromboembolic Events Predispose the Brain to Widespread Cerebral Infarction After Delayed Transient Global Ischemia in Rats

Background and Purpose—Transient distal platelet accumulation after common carotid artery thrombosis (CCAT) leads to hemodynamic, metabolic, and molecular events that may influence the response of the postthrombotic brain to secondary insults. We investigated how a thromboembolic insult would affect histopathological outcome when combined with an ischemic insult induced 24 hours later. Methods—Three groups of rats underwent either (1) CCAT+10 minutes of normothermic 2-vessel occlusion (n=6), (2) CCAT+sham ischemia procedures (n=6), or (3) sham CCAT procedures+10 minutes of 2-vessel occlusion (n=6). At 7 days, rats were perfused for quantitative histopathological and immunocytochemical analysis. Results—Rats undergoing combined insults (group 1) had significantly larger areas of ischemic injury (P<0.05) within the cerebral cortex, striatum, and thalamus compared with the other, single-injury groups. Increased ischemic damage included selective neuronal necrosis, infarction, and focal hemorrhage. By means o...
Multiplicity-dependent kinetics of murine leukemia virus infection in Fv-1-sensitive and Fv-1-resistant cells

Abstract Viral growth curves of N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) were measured at varying multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) on Fv-1-sensitive and -resistant cells. Both Fv-1-dependent and Fv-1-independent effects on the appearance of progeny virus were observed. At low m.o.i., growth curves in productively infected Fv-1-resistant cells were identical to those in Fv-1-sensitive cells with a latent period of 24–30 hr; under these conditions the virus-releasing Fv-1-resistant cells are doubly infected and show growth kinetics similar to those of the singly infected Fv-1-sensitive cells. The length of the viral latent period in both Fv-1-sensitive and -resistant cells was inversely related to m.o.i. and appeared to correlate with the fraction of multiply infected cells in a given population. The average yield per infected cell increased stoichiometrically as a function of m.o.i.
An evaluation of clinical risk factors for estimating fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis using an electronic medical record database

Many of the clinical risk factors used in fracture risk assessment (FRAX) calculator are available in electronic medical record (EMR) databases and are good sources of osteoporosis risk factor information. The EPIC EMR database showed a lower prevalence of FRAX risk factors and, consequently, proportion of patients who would be deemed “high risk.” The FRAX tool is underutilized for osteoporosis screening. Many of the clinical risk factors for FRAX may be available in EMR databases and may enable health systems to perform fracture risk assessments. We intended to identify variables in an EMR database for calculating FRAX score in a cohort of postmenopausal women, to estimate absolute fracture risk, and to determine the proportions of women whose absolute fracture risks exceed the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) thresholds. Our cohort was selected using an EMR database with demographic, inpatient, outpatient, and clinical information for female patients age ≥50 in a family practice, internal medicine, or obstetrics/gynecology clinic in 2007–2008. The latest physician encounter was the index date. Variables, problem and medication lists, diagnosis codes, and histories from the EMR were used to populate the 11 clinical risk factor variables used in the FRAX. These risk factor prevalence and treatment-eligible proportions were compared to those of published epidemiology studies. The study included 345 patients. Mean (SD) 10-year risk for any major fracture was 11.1 % (6.8) when bone mineral density (BMD) was used and 11.2 % (6.5) when BMI was used. About 10.1 % of the cohort exceeded the NOF’s 20 % major fracture risk threshold and 32.5 % exceeded the NOF’s 3 % hip fracture risk threshold when BMD was used. Overall, the number of treatment-eligible patients was slightly lower when FRAX was calculated using BMD versus BMI (13.6 and 36.8 %). Our cohort using EMR data most likely underestimated the mean 10-year probability of any major fracture compared to other cohorts in published literature. The difference may be in the nature of EMRs for supporting only passive data collection of risk factor information.
521—Light-induced redox reactions in pigmented BLM

Abstract This paper is concerned with light-mediated phenomena in membranes of photosynthesis and vision and their in vitro model bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) of planar configuration containing appropriate photoactive compounds. Chloroplast extract BLM, bovine rhodopsin BLM and bacteriorhodopsin BLM are used as examples. Particular emphasis is placed on those molecular mechanisms of photoelectrochemical energy transduction in these pigmented lipid bilayers, which are relevant for the elucidation of photosynthetic and visual processes. Additionally, a pigmented BLM separating two aqueous solutions containing redox couples has been likened to that of a double Schottky barrier cell.
Airglow studies using an all-reflection interferometer for extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy (ARIES)

Ultrahigh resolution line studies can deepen insight into the excitation processes and structures of the upper atmosphere; attention is presently given to the possibility of a study of terrestrial atomic oxygen in the thermosphere through measurements of the O I 1304 A solar and terrestrial airglow emissions from a sounding rocket. These line profile studies of the airglow yield a relative contribution of the two main excitation mechanisms (photoelectron impact and solar-resonance scattering), as well as a verification of cross section and branching ratios.
Hydrodynamic evolution of the split-foil laser target

Hydrodynamic simulations of exploding copper foils, which are irradiated on one side by 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m laser light, indicate that peak axial electron-number density is more easily controlled with the split-foil target design. Results from a series of simulations with solid copper foils that range in width from 500 to 1500 A\r{} show that while peak electron temperature and time of burnthrough can be varied, evolved electron-number densities are approximately bounded from above by 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ particles/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. By increasing foil thickness to 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m and introducing a slit on the foil axis of 100 \ensuremath{\mu}m width, uniform plasmas with electron-number densities on the order of 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ particles/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ can be generated. Essentially the same results are obtained from simulations with split selenium foils.
Antarctic circumpolar current's role in the Antarctic ice system: An overview

Abstract The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) provides fundamental control on the Antarctic ice system. The tilt of the isopycnals of the ACC, in response to strong westerlies, serves to thermally isolate the Antarctic continent from directly receiving the overwhelming subtropical ocean surface heat. This same tilt provides the northern boundary of the polar seas; as such it “contains” the statically stable cold fresh surface polar waters required for sea ice formation. In this manner it effectively sets the northern limit for seasonal sea ice formation. The isopycnal tilt also allows warm deep water to upwell to the surface near the continental margin in western Antarctica where the ACC skirts the continental shelf, leading to excessive ocean heat flux to the atmosphere in winter, and providing heat to melt the underside of the glacial ice.