cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning for Microblogs with Distant Supervision: Political Forecasting with Twitter

Microblogging websites such as Twitter offer a wealth of insight into a population's current mood. Automated approaches to identify general sentiment toward a particular topic often perform two steps: Topic Identification and Sentiment Analysis. Topic Identification first identifies tweets that are relevant to a desired topic (e.g., a politician or event), and Sentiment Analysis extracts each tweet's attitude toward the topic. Many techniques for Topic Identification simply involve selecting tweets using a keyword search. Here, we present an approach that instead uses distant supervision to train a classifier on the tweets returned by the search. We show that distant supervision leads to improved performance in the Topic Identification task as well in the downstream Sentiment Analysis stage. We then use a system that incorporates distant supervision into both stages to analyze the sentiment toward President Obama expressed in a dataset of tweets. Our results better correlate with Gallup's Presidential Job Approval polls than previous work. Finally, we discover a surprising baseline that outperforms previous work without a Topic Identification stage.
A 320 Gb/s metropolitan area ring network utilising 10 Gb/s directly modulated lasers

We present excellent performance results (Q-factor>9dB) for a transparent short-reach metropolitan area ring network based on application-optimized, optical layer components and fiber. The network consists of 4 nodes interconnected by 25.5 km spans of uncompensated negative dispersion fiber (102 km ring circumference, no dispersion compensation) and supports 32 directly modulated channels operating at 10 Gb/s (320 Gb/s total capacity).
A presentation agent for a distributed multimedia system over high speed networks

In a distributed multimedia information system (DIMS), synchronization issues involved in the end-to-end presentation of multimedia data can be grouped into three levels, the source, network and user-interface. This paper describes a progressive retrieval strategy which sequentially retrieves independent synchronized entities from the multimedia database. The paper also presents an architecture for the presentation agent which performs the playback of multimedia documents.
Effects of a Marathon Group on Self-Actualization and Attitudes Toward Women

This study investigated the impact of a 16-hour marathon session on levels of self-actualization and attitudes toward women both 1 day and 5 weeks after the group experience. Female undergraduates were assigned randomly to one of two marathon groups or to a no-treatment control group. Ss in both marathon groups experienced a significant shift toward increased independence or self-supportedness on both posttests. However, a differential group effect was found from separate comparisons of each marathon group with the control group reflected significantly shifts in attitudes toward women; Ss in one marathon group reflected significantly greater agreement with profeminist attitudes on the first posttest and experienced an even greater shift in that direction on the second posttest, while Ss in the other marathon group did not differ significantly from the control Ss on either posttest.
Legal considerations for cryopreservation of sperm and embryos

Abstract Objective To summarize the case law for cryopreservation of sperm and embryos and make recommendations for desirable characteristics that should be included in a cryopreservation clinic's disposition agreements. Design A literature review of case law and legal review articles was performed. Setting Academic research center. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) None. Result(s) Two court cases involving cryopreserved semen and five cases involving cryopreserved embryos are reviewed. Conclusion(s) The state of the law surrounding cryopreservation is recent and unsettled. Disposition agreements can provide cryopreservation clinics some degree of certainty in this unsettled area of law. Those drafting cryopreservation disposition agreements are assisted by lessons learned from cryopreservation cases and insight gained from law review articles. It is evident that cryopreservation agreements will be most successful and most likely to be enforced if they are unambiguous, consistent with public policy, and include: a duration provision, each individual's contact information, the individual's provisions for use of their gametes in case of death, and responsibilities of cryopreservation clinic and individuals. Individuals must enter into agreements with a true understanding of the contained provisions.
RF properties of high temperature superconductors: Cavity methods

A description of cavities used in the study of the microwave properties of the high-temperature superconductors is followed by a lumped-circuit analysis of the coupling of transmission lines and resonators. The frequency dependence of the reflected and transmitted microwave power and the character of transient cavity response are analyzed. Techniques are discussed for the introduction of samples of the high-temperature superconductors into microwave cavities. Following a discussion of sample surface impedance and sample geometry factor, the connection between surface resistance and cavityQ is examined as well as the connection between cavity frequency shift and surface reactance. Measurement techniques that utilize reflected or transmitted power or transient response are described.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Strain Rate Effects in Laser Forming

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of the influence of the strain rate in laser forming are presented. To isolate and effectively study the strain rate effects, which are temperature dependent, a constant peak temperature method is developed with the aid of numerical modeling and solution. Under the condition of the constant peak temperature, the effects of strain rate on forming efficiency, residual stress and hardness of the formed parts are studied both experimentally and numerically. In the numerical model, the temperature dependence and strain-rate dependence of the flow stress and other material properties are considered. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental observations.
Factors influencing nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rates of fish in a shallow lake

Summary 1. Fish excretion can be an important source of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion rates are influenced by many factors, including fish diet, fish growth rate and fish size. However, the relative influence of these and other factors on community-level excretion rates of fish is unknown. 2. We used bioenergetics modeling to estimate excretion rates of eight fish species in a shallow, Minnesota (U.S.A.) lake over four months in both 2004 and 2005. Excretion rates of each species were summed for community-level N and P excretion rates, as well as the N : P ratio of excretion. We then used a model-selection approach to assess ability of independent variables to predict excretion rates, and to identify the most parsimonious model for predicting N : P excretion ratios and P and N excretion rates at the community scale. Predictive models were comprised of the independent variables water temperature and average fish density, fish size, fish growth rate, nutrient content of fish and nutrient content of fish diets at the community scale. 3. Fish density and nutrient content of fish diets (either N or P) were the most parsimonious models for predicting both N and P excretion rates, and explained 96% and 92% of the variance in N and P excretion, respectively. Moreover, fish density and nutrient models had 1400-fold more support for predicting N and 21-fold more support for predicting P excretion relative to models based on fish density only. Water temperature, fish size, fish growth rates and nutrient content of fish showed little influence on excretion rates, and none of our independent variables showed a strong relationship with N : P ratios of excretion. 4. Past work has focused on the importance of fish density as a driver of fish excretion rates on a volumetric basis. However, our results indicate that volumetric excretion rates at the community scale will also change substantially in response to changes in relative abundance of fish prey or shifts in relative dominance of planktivores, benthivores, or piscivores. Changes in community-scale excretion rates will have subsequent influences on algal abundance, water clarity, and other ecosystem characteristics.
Structure and properties of molybdenum sulfide: Correlation of O2 chemisorption with hydrodesulfurization activity☆

Abstract The chemisorption of oxygen has been used in a dynamic mode for the characterization of a number of samples of molybdenum disulfide. Their hydrodesulfurization activities (for dibenzothiophene) had previously been determined. Surface areas of the activity-tested catalysts gave little or no correlation with catalytic activity. However, a clear, linear relationship emerged when activities were plotted against O2 chemisorption capacities of the activity-tested catalysts. These results are discussed in terms of the anisotropic nature of molybdenum disulfide.
Dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists both inhibit dopamine secretion in LLC-PK1 cells.

Abstract A series of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists were tested in a renal epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1) for their ability to alter renal dopamine synthesis and secretion. LLC-PK1 cells were incubated with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) (250 μM) in the presence and absence of dopaminergic drugs known to be selective for dopamine receptor subtypes and total dopamine synthesis and dopamine secretion into the media were measured directly by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists significantly inhibited dopamine secretion from LLC-PK1 cells at concentrations between 10–100 μM. The phenothiazines, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine, also significantly inhibited aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity at 100 μM. The mechanism of action for these dopaminergic drugs appeared to involve the inhibition of dopamine secretion from LLC-PK1 cells by direct competition for outward transport by an organic cation transporter. Inhibition of dopamine secretion by these drugs was usually accompanied by significant elevations of the intracellular stores of dopamine. The results of this study suggest that caution should be exhibited in the interpretation of experiments that employ high concentrations of dopamine drugs, in order to account for the potential interaction of these agents with the renal cation transport system.
Menopausal flushes: a neuroendocrine link with pulsatile luteninizing hormone secreation

Menopausal flush episodes were found to be invariably associated with the initiation of pulsatile pituitary release of luteinizing hormone. This was not accompanied by a significant change in circulating catecholamine or prolactin concentrations. Since pulsatile luteinizing hormone release results from episodic secretion of luteinizing hormone releasing factor by the hypothalamus, these findings suggest a link between the neuroendocrine mechanisms that initiate such episodic secretion and those responsible for the onset of flush episodes.
Analysis of Phase-Locked Loop Low-Frequency Stability in Three-Phase Grid-Connected Power Converters Considering Impedance Interactions

Synchronous reference frame (SRF) phase-locked loop (PLL) is a critical component for the control and grid synchronization of three-phase grid-connected power converters. The PLL behaviors, especially its low-frequency dynamics, influenced by different grid and load impedances as well as operation mode have not been investigated yet, which may not be captured by conventional linear PLL models. In this paper, we propose a state-feedback quasi-static SRF-PLL model, which can identify and quantify the inherent frequency self-synchronization mechanism in the converter control system. This self-synchronization effect is essentially due to the converter interactions with grid impedance and power flow directions. The low-frequency nonlinear behaviors of the PLL under different grid impedance conditions are then analyzed, which forms the framework of evaluating the impacts of the large penetration level of distributed generation units, weak grid, microgrid, and large reactive power consumption in terms of the frequency stability of PLL. Specifically, the PLL behavior of the converter system under islanded condition is investigated to explain the PLL instability issues and the related islanding-detection methods in early publications and industry reports.
Five Hundred Tests on the Dielectric Strength of Oil

While developing a dependable method of taking experimental data with a sphere gap in transil oil, considerable study was made of the behavior of oil under disruptive dielectric stress. The following notes on the dielectric strength of oil are offered as evidence that the nature and character of the dielectric breakdown of oil may be entirely different from that of air. Five hundred successive breakdowns were taken on a sphere-gap in oil at the same gap setting. Because of the well known inconsistency of breakdowns in oil these observations showed wide variation. A curve was plotted to show the relation between the breakdown voltage and the number of breakdowns at each voltage. If the disruptive breakdown of oil is due to the voltage exceeding the dielectric strength of the oil, as is the case with air, it should be possible to represent such a curve of probable error, or ``probability curve'' as it is usually called, by an exponential equation. In the following paper this is seen to be impossible, the most representative exponential curve being higher than the observations at higher voltages. The explanation is offered that this discrepancy is caused by foreign particles of low dielectric strength beinig drawn into the gap and that therefore the dielectric strength of oil differs from that of air in that it does not represent the true breakdowrn value of the oil but is instead a measure of the presence of foreign particles in the oil.
Chronic subhepatotoxic exposure to arsenic enhances hepatic injury caused by high fat diet in mice

Arsenic is a ubiquitous contaminant in drinking water. Whereas arsenic can be directly hepatotoxic, the concentrations/doses required are generally higher than present in the US water supply. However, physiological/biochemical changes that are alone pathologically inert can enhance the hepatotoxic response to a subsequent stimulus. Such a '2-hit' paradigm is best exemplified in chronic fatty liver diseases. Here, the hypothesis that low arsenic exposure sensitizes liver to hepatotoxicity in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was tested. Accordingly, male C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to low fat diet (LFD; 13% calories as fat) or high fat diet (HFD; 42% calories as fat) and tap water or arsenic (4.9 ppm as sodium arsenite) for ten weeks. Biochemical and histologic indices of liver damage were determined. High fat diet (± arsenic) significantly increased body weight gain in mice compared with low-fat controls. HFD significantly increased liver to body weight ratios; this variable was unaffected by arsenic exposure. HFD caused steatohepatitis, as indicated by histological assessment and by increases in plasma ALT and AST. Although arsenic exposure had no effect on indices of liver damage in LFD-fed animals, it significantly increased the liver damage caused by HFD. This effect of arsenic correlated with enhanced inflammation and fibrin extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. These data indicate that subhepatotoxic arsenic exposure enhances the toxicity of HFD. These results also suggest that arsenic exposure might be a risk factor for the development of fatty liver disease in human populations.
Hemodynamics and metabolism during surface-induced hypothermia in the dog: a comparison of pH management strategies.

Abstract The management of blood pH during hypothermia remains controversial. The present study was designed to determine whether hemodynamics and oxygen consumption during hypothermia are different between the alpha-stat and pH-stat strategies. Theoretical considerations of enzyme kinetics suggest that the alpha-stat strategy would result in a higher oxygen consumption during hypothermia. Because hypothermia is used to decrease oxygen consumption for protection during ischemia, a pH scheme that results in a greater oxygen demand for any level of ischemia would be detrimental. The core temperature of 22 dogs was lowered to 26°C by combined surface cooling and gastric irrigation. Either the alpha-stat ( N = 9) or the pH-stat ( N = 13) pH strategy was used. The arterial pressure was different between the two groups at 26°C (65 ± 6 vs 85 ± 6 mm Hg, alpha-stat vs pH-stat, respectively, P Q 10 was different between groups. There were no differences in any other hemodynamic parameters. In summary, during moderate hypothermia alpha-stat pH management results in an arterial pressure lower than that of pH-stat management, possibly resulting in improved peripheral perfusion. Despite theoretical predictions, the alpha-stat pH scheme does not result in an oxygen consumption higher than that of the pH-stat scheme.
The Spacelab 2 superfluid helium experiment

An experiment to investigate the properties of superfluid helium in a microgravity environment flew on the Shuttle on the Spacelab 2 mission in July and August of 1985. This paper summarizes the flight experiment and describes the preliminary results. The experiment comprised an investigation of long-wavelength third-sound waves in micron-thick films, a study of the motions of superfluid helium under milli-g and micro-g accelerations, and measurements of the fluctuations in temperature associated with the small motions of the bulk helium. An additional accomplishment was to qualify and characterize a reflyable, space compatible cryostat.
A fiber-optic chemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

Abstract A fiber-optic chemical sensor is presented which utilizes surface plasmon resonance excitation. The sensing element of the fiber has been fabricated by removing a section of the fiber cladding and symmetrically depositing a thin layer of highly reflecting metal onto the fiber core. A white-light source is used to introduce a range of wavelengths into the fiber optic. Changes in the sensed parameters (e.g., bulk refractive index, film thinkness and film refractive index) are determined by measuring the transmitted spectral-intensity distribution. Experimental results of the sensitivity and the dynamic range in the measurement of the refractive indices of aqueous solutions are in agreement with the theoretical model of the sensor.
Effects of water movement on prey capture and distribution of reef corals

The water flow regimes on a coral reef change with depth, distance from shore, and orientation to incoming waves. Low flow conditions may limit the ability of corals to capture prey, because the rate of encounter with particles suspended in the water column depends on the transport of water past the corals’ feeding structures. High flow speeds, however, cause deformation or collapse of feeding structures, and prey capture success is likely to decrease under such conditions. The specific relationship between flow speed and particle capture by passive suspension feeders like anthozoans may be determined by tentacle size and shape, tentacle and polyp stiffness and colony morphology. The importance of particle capture, as well as the types (zooplankton, detritus) and the size range of particles captured by corals, are almost unknown. The only published information for any species to date is Porter’s (1974) report on coelenteron contents of Montastrea cavernosa. The relationship between water flow and particle (hydrated Artemia cysts) capture has been studied for two octocoral (Alcyonium) species by Patterson (1984) and McFadden (1986) and for one scleractinian coral (Meandrina meandrites, Johnson & Sebens, unpubl.) in laboratory flume studies. The present study is an attempt to relate prey capture to water flow under field conditions for two species (Meandrina meandrites, Madracis decactis) in Salt River Canyon, St Croix, U.S.V.I., using the underwater habitat ‘Aquarius’ in July 1988. Concurrent measurements of water flow and wave height were made at several positions on the reef between 7 and 45 m using recording electromagnetic current meters (Interocean S4) mounted on rigid posts 0.5 m off the substrate. During the same two-week period, particle release (hydrated Artemia cysts) experiments were carried out over colonies of Meandrina and Madracis in the field. Particles were released upstream of the corals for 3 min, after which corals were caused to retract their tentacles, and flow above the coral was measured using macrovideo photography of moving cysts in a slit beam of light parallel to the flow. The corals were then collected and preserved under water for coelenteron content analysis, including both captured cysts and natural prey (Zooplankton). Particle concentrations were determined from samples collected by pumping water from directly over the coral during the experiment, using intake heads that allowed omnidirectional lateral sampling.
The fracture behavior of recrystallized Al-2.8% Li-0.3% Mn sheet

The fracture behavior of recrystallized Al-2.8wt.% Li-0.3wt.% Mn was investigated as a function of artificial aging conditions. Isothermal aging resulted in the growth of coherent Al3Li metastable precipitates. The growth process followed a (time)13 dependence. Together with the growth of the matrix precipitates, a preferential coarsening of the precipitates near grain boundaries occured. To accomodate the accelerated growth in the grain boundary regions, a precipitate-free zone (PFZ) developed; the change in the width of the PFZ also followed a (time)13 behavior. The shearable nature of the Al3Li precipitates, the coarse grain boundary precipitates and the PFZ all helped to localize deformation and to promote intergranular failure. In the early stages of aging, before the PFZ had had an opportunity to grow significantly, the fracture process was due to dislocation pile-ups at the grain boundaries. Continued aging resulted in the growth of the PFZ and the deformation process localized in the grain boundary region, leading again to intergranular failure.
Will the real non-Euclidean parabola please stand up?

The parabola has two outstanding geometric properties: the locus property (it is the locus of points equidistant from a point and a line) and the reflecting property (it reflects parallel lines to a single point). While the locus property is usually considered the defining property of the parabola, the reflecting property also distinguishes parabolas among all other plane curves, and hence could be taken as its definition in the Euclidean plane. Surprisingly, however, the curves satisfying these properties in the hyperbolic (Lobachevskian) plane are different. This raises the question: What is the real non-Euclidean parabola: the curve satisfying the locus property, or the curve satisfying the reflecting property? The purpose of this note is to derive equations for both these curves, and address this question. This extends the discussion of non-Euclidean parabolas begun by Ron Perline [2]. Perline used Poincare's half-plane model. Our treatment uses homogeneous coordinates.
Indirect assessment of visual working memory for simple and complex objects

Previous research has shown that visual search performance is modulated by the current contents in visual working memory (VWM), even when the contents of VWM are irrelevant to the search task. For example, visual search is faster when the target—rather than a distractor—is surrounded by a shape currently held in VWM. This study uses the modulation of visual search by VWM to investigate properties of VWM. Participants were asked to remember the color or the shape of novel polygons whose “goodness” of figure varied according to Garner’s (1962) rotation and reflection transformation principle. During the memory retention interval, participants searched for a tilted line among vertical lines embedded inside colored polygons. Search was faster when the target—rather than a distractor—was enclosed by the remembered polygons. The congruity effect diminished with increasing memory load and decreasing figure goodness. We conclude that congruity effects in visual search can indirectly assess VWM representation strength.
Arsenic desorption kinetics from Si(100)

Abstract The fluxes of As 4 , As 2 , and As scattered and desorbed from a Si(100) substrate exposed to an incident flux of As 4 were measured with single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) as a function of the Si substrate temperature and the incident arsenic flux. At Si substrate temperatures >1050 K, a flux of As atoms is detected. Analysis of the time-dependent transient behavior of the desorbed As atom flux reveals first-order desorption kinetics. The activation energy for desorption is 1.64±0.05 eV with a pre-exponential factor of (7.8±3.4)×10 7 s −1 . The incident As 4 flux dependence of the desorbing flux of As atoms suggests that desorption of atoms occurs from limited sites on the surface, such as step edges or defects. The desorption kinetics of As 2 from the Si(100) surface was found to be more complex as a result of both the kinetic order of the process and a decrease in the steady-state arsenic coverage. At substrate temperatures greater than 1050 K, the desorption of As 2 from the surface is rapid and depends only on the incident As 4 flux, leaving little or no steady-state arsenic coverage on the Si(100) terraces. The scattered As 4 flux from the surface decreases with increased surface temperature, since incident As 4 molecules react on the Si surface to produce both the As 2 and As atom desorption channels.
Extensional deformation with northwest vergence, Pioneer core complex, central Idaho

The Pioneer Mountains of Idaho contain a detachment fault that separates a lower-plate core of Precambrian and Ordovician metasedimentary rocks and Cretaceous and Eocene plutonic bodies from a surrounding upper plate of Paleozoic sedimentary and Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic units. The detachment system developed during Tertiary extension, and it overprinted Paleozoic and Mesozoic east-directed compressional features. Beneath the detachment, both brittle and ductile (mylonitic) deformation can be observed. Trends of stretching lineations in the mylonite and striations along the detachment surface both cluster around N65°W. Composite planar fabrics (S- and C-surfaces) in the mylonite and development of the mylonite zone on the northwest side of the core both suggest a top-to-the-west sense of shear. Both brittle and ductile deformation affect the Eocene pluton of the core; therefore, the deformation must be Eocene or younger. Displacement is estimated at about 17 km. The extension direction in the Pioneer complex correlates with that of other core complexes in the region north and south of the Snake River Plain; this suggests that the direction of extension in core complexes was controlled by an inherited structural framework which was crustal in scale.
Dispelling Three Myths about Likert Scales in Communication Trait Research

Three common myths about multi-item Likert scales are dispelled because (a) a multi-item Likert scale consists of interval quality data even when individual Likert response items are ordinal data, (b) parametric statistics are appropriately used to analyze data provided by a Likert scale, and (c) holistic Likert scale analyses for well-performing scales takes precedence over analyses at a subscale level. Validity of communication trait measures that perform well is best improved by demonstrating that altering scales leads to significant enhancement of criterion validity, not by using limited approaches that fail to account for the interconnectedness of Likert scale items in, ultimately, influencing participants' responses.
Preventing Intraocular Infections after Intravitreal Injections: Injection Technique

Intravitreal injections (IVIs) are the mainstay of current retinal medical therapy and are used to treat common retinal conditions like age-related macular degeneration and macular edema. Advantages of IVIs are their ability to maximize intraocular levels of medications and to avoid the toxicities associated with systemic treatment. They can be used to deliver anti-microbials, anti-inflammatory agents, anticancer agents, intraocular air, surgical gases, antivascular endothelial growth factor agents, and other pharmaceuticals. Serious adverse effects of IVIs include endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, ocular hypertension, and cataract formation. However, there is no consensus on the ideal protocol for administering IVIs. The rate of endophthalmitis after IVIs has been reported to be 0.2%. Here, recommended steps are suggested to aid in the prevention of intraocular infection after IVIs.
John Henry Goes to Carnegie Hall: Motion Picture Production at Southern Black Agricultural and Industrial Institutes (1909–13)

Abstract Drawing on surviving accounts of screening and extant photographic materials, this essay focuses on the formal compositions of the films created for southern black agricultural and industrial institutes' publicity campaigns before and after the incendiary release of The Birth of a Nation. To date, there has been no sustained study of the role of film in the publicity projects of Hampton or Tuskegee. However, this is a crucial moment in the history of black filmmaking and spectatorship as it is the locus of debates over representations of “uplift” that would occupy African American public discourse throughout the Harlem Renaissance and after.
Hyperuricemia in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension

Study objective Hyperuricemia occurs frequently inpatients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders andin patients with congenital heart disease associated with polycythemia.Whether hyperuricemia is common in patients with severe pulmonaryhypertension is not known. Design, patients, measurements In the Pulmonary Hypertension Center at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center between September 1991and August 1997, 442 consecutive patients were evaluated with rightheart catheterization; 191 patients also had a measurement of the serumuric acid (UA) in close temporal proximity to the hemodynamicevaluation. Results Of the 191 patients with acomplete data set, 99 patients had primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)and 92 had secondary pulmonary hypertension. For the entire cohort withsevere pulmonary hypertension (n = 191), there was a positivecorrelation between the natural logarithm of the serum UA (lnUA) andthe mean right atrial pressure (RAP; r = 0.47; p Conclusion There is a positivecorrelation between the RAP elevation and the serum UA levels inpatients with PPH. Serum UA levels drop in some, but not all PPHpatients during chronic prostacyclin infusion therapy.
Nine instructional exercises to teach silence

(1980). Nine instructional exercises to teach silence. Communication Education: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 72-77.
Geochemistry of diabase dikes from the Lewis Hills Massif, Bay of islands ophiolite: evidence for partial melting of oceanic crust in transform faults

The Lewis Hills Massif of the Bay of Islands ophiolite is interpreted to have had a transform fault history in an oceanic fracture zone prior to its abduction. Diabase dikes from the Lewis Hills Massif are divisible into two groups on the basis of their trace element compositions. One group is similar to mid-ocean ridge basalts and is termed the “LH normal” suite. The other group, termed the “LH depleted” suite, is characterized by high CaO, Ti/Zr and Y/Zr with relatively low SiO 2 , Zr and P 2 O 5 . The low SiO 2 , abundances are suggestive of silica-undersaturated rocks of the alkali basalt—nephelinite series of magmas, but the very low abundances of incompatible trace elements in these magmas contrast with their high abundances in most silica-undersaturated rocks. We interpret the geochemical characteristics of thesediabase dikes to indicate that the magmas from which they solidified were produced by partial melting of adcumulate gabbroic and troctolitic rocks at low pressures (2–3 kbar) within the ophiolitic fracture zone. The effects of partial melting of gabbroic and troctolitic rocks have not been documented in rocks described from present-day oceanic fracture zones. but samoles have not been obtained from those structural levels of fracture zones where such evidence mightbe found.
Substrate Recognition by the Leucyl/Phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein Transferase CONSERVATION WITHIN THE ENZYME FAMILY AND LOCALIZATION TO THE TRYPSIN-RESISTANT DOMAIN

The leucyl/phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase (L/F-transferase) from Escherichia coli catalyzes a peptidyltransferase reaction that results in the N-terminal aminoacylation of acceptor proteins using Leu-, Phe-, and Met-tRNAs as amino acid donors. We demonstrated that L/F-transferase homologs are widely distributed throughout the eubacteria, supporting our proposal that the enzyme family is ancient and catalyzes early peptide bond synthesis. However, here we present data suggesting that the L/F-transferase is not a homolog of the peptidyltransferase enzymes involved in cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Gram-positive species, such as Staphylococcus aureus. A sequence comparison of the known L/F-transferase homologs began to identify the essential residues required to catalyze a peptidyltransferase reaction and revealed that <20% of the residues were invariant within the L/F-transferase family. Despite this sequence variation, substrate specificity was broadly conserved, and L/F-transferase homologs from Providencia stuartii, Vibrio cholerae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. all complemented an E. coli aat mutant (lacking L/F-transferase activity) for the degradation of N-end rule substrates. In vitro comparison of the most divergent L/F-transferase homologs, from E. coli and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp., revealed near-complete conservation of both substrate specificity and secondary structure. Finally, we demonstrated that variants of the E. coli L/F-transferase, lacking either 33 or 78 N-terminal residues, retained measurable peptidyltransferase activity and wild type substrate specificity. Overall, our results identified an essential core of an L/F-transferase and revealed that a peptidyltransferase catalyst may be constructed from approximately 120 amino acids.
Alias reduction and resolution enhancement by a temporal accumulation of registered data from focal plane array sensors

The size and dimensions of a focal plane array do not necessarily limit the achievable resolution of a digital imaging camera if such a camera can make repeated exposures of a scene where all such exposures differ by some perspective transformation. This paper outlines a generalized reconstruction approach that does not depend on controlled micro dithering of the camera, nor requires the set of exposures to maintain a strictly uniform translation.
Anthropologists or "Technicians of Power"? Examining the Human Terrain System

About a month ago, a student at my university stumbled upon a website entitled "From an Anthropological Perspective." It's maintained by an anthropology professor who for nearly a year has been embedded with a US Army brigade in Baghdad, and who has posted several photos of himself sporting camouflage fatigues and an M9 pistol strapped to his leg. The student asked, "Is he really doing fieldwork? Seems to me that he's doing something else."
Confucian ritual and modern civility

The Confucian notion of civility has for thousands of years guided all aspects of socio-ethical life in East Asia. Confucians express their central concern for civility in their notion of li, which is commonly translated ‘ritual’ and refers to the conventions and courtesies through which we submit to the socio-ethical order, as we do, for example, in performing sacrifices, weddings, and funerals, and various daily acts of deference. Since the rise of China and other East Asian countries as economic powers, it has been suggested that we have in East Asia a ‘Confucian’ ritual-based culture that is opposed to the law-based culture of the West, a culture of rites opposed to a culture of rights, and that this ritual-based culture can be carried into modernity as another way to secure social harmony. I argue that the values central to Confucian ritual – deference, repayment, and harmony – are incompatible with the freedom enacted in modern civility. It is unlikely, therefore, that Confucian ritual can be carrie...
A floating-point fused FFT butterfly arithmetic unit with Merged Multiple-Constant Multipliers

This paper examines a low-power consumption 1024 point floating-point fused FFT realized with a Multiple-Constant Multiplier (MCM) and with a Merged Multiple-Constant Multiplier (MMCM). The FFT is constructed using Radix-2 butterfly operations that are implemented with MCMs and with MMCMs to reduce the power consumption and area. Conventional MCMs perform the significand multiplication, but with relatively low precision. To enhance the precision, a new architecture of the butterfly unit has been designed and implemented with MMCMs. The new architecture reduces the error by 65% compared to a fused butterfly unit with MCMs at a slight cost in area and power consumption.
A look at the value creation effects of patenting and capital investment through a real options lens: the moderating role of uncertainty

This article applies a real options approach to analyzing the impact of a firm's investment in appropriable technology (as represented by the intensity of its patenting activities and capital investment) on the firm's opportunities to create value through future investment (as represented by Tobin's q). Recognizing the mixed results with regard to the relationship between patenting and firm value, we argue that such investment may primarily create value by offering future technology options and that the relationship may be more appropriately modeled on the basis of real options theory. We argue that patenting creates and replenishes a firm's technology options whereas capital investment entails the exercise of such options. Three hypotheses are derived from a valuation model based on the real options approach and tested using a fixed-effects panel data procedure. The results of our empirical analysis using a sample of 161 U.S.-based biotechnology firms are consistent with our predictions. Copyright © 2010 Strategic Management Society.
A Reduction of Tropomyosin Limits Development of Sarcomeric Structures in Cardiac Mutant Hearts of the Mexican Axolotl

The cardiac lethal mutation in Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) results in a lack of contractions in the ventricle of mutant embryos. Previous studies have demonstrated that tropomyosin, a component of thin filaments, is greatly reduced in mutant hearts lacking myofibril organization. Confocal microscopy was used to examine the structure and comparative amount of tropomyosin at heartbeat initiation and at a later stage. The formation of functional sarcomeres coincided with contractions in normal hearts at stage 35. A-bands and I-bands were formed at stage 35 and did not change at stage 39. The widening of Z-bodies into z-lines was the main developmental difference between stage 35 and 39 normal hearts. Relative to normal hearts, a reduction of sarcomeric protein levels in mutant hearts at stage 35 was found, and a greater reduction occurred at later stages. The lower level of tropomyosin limited the areas where organized myofibrils formed in the mutant. The areas that had tropomyosin staining also had staining for alpha-actinin and myosin. Early myofibrils formed in these areas but the A-bands and I-bands were shorter than normal. At a later stage in the mutant, A-bands and I-bands remained shorter and importantly the Z-bodies also did not form wider z-lines.
The Analytical Solution of a Growing Steady-State Mode III Crack in an Elastic Perfectly Plastic Solid Through and Electrical Analogy

An approximate analytical solution is found of a quasi-static growing steady-state mode III crack in an elastic perfectly plastic solid. The analysis makes use of a close analogy between the mode III crack problem and the problem of the thin electrical conducting plate that is embedded in a medium of finite conductivity through which electrical current flows. Plastic strain is calculated from the motion of non-redundant infinitesimal screw dislocations. Screw dislocations are Eshelby's analogue of lines of electrical charge. Calculation of the dislocation crack tip shielding can be used to check the analysis. The plastic zone is a combined Dean & Hutchinson (DH) type unfocused fan plastic zone and a Chitaley & McClintock (CM) type focused fan plastic zone. The asymptotic solution at the crack tip is the CM one. The plastic zone found differs significantly in size and shape from the DH and the CM plastic zones. Novel features in the analysis are the use of a (dislocation density required) stress gradient boundary condition and the introduction of a shifting centre cylindrical coordinate system.
Source–message–receiver in integrated marketing communication

This is an abbreviation of the author's dissertation. Because integrated marketing communication (IMC) research has traditionally been problematic, this study used an existing scale to determine that higher educational institutional advancement (alumni, marketing-communications, development) is an appropriate venue to study the process model of IMC. Responses from practitioners representing every department within advancement, every regional accrediting body and each of the baccalaureate to doctoral Carnegie Classification levels indicated the IMC process model is both understood and its tenets practiced by practitioners at all sizes and levels of institution. In addition, because IMC is criticized as theoretically weak, this study demonstrates the multi-dimensional construct of IMC can be examined through a source–message–receiver lens, thereby contributing the basic underpinning of much communication theory as a possible core for studying the process model. The study collected and analyzed descriptive data regarding the function of institutional advancement within US institutions of higher education and its practitioners. Practitioners representing baccalaureate institutions agreed most to the IMC dimensions of differentiated communications and database-centered communications. Practitioners representing doctoral institutions had the highest agreement on the dimension of unified communications and those representing master's institutions had the most agreement on the relationship-fostering dimension. Summary statement: US baccalaureate to doctoral institutions’ advancement practitioners’ survey responses demonstrated an understanding of the best practice concepts inherent in the IMC model. It seems that more than 50 years of at least one professional development organization educating its members about best practices stemming from many disciplines, including advertising, marketing and public relations, overlapping with more than 20 years of various industries’ trade publications espousing the benefits of IMC, have led to great interest at the practitioner level, the level where individuals focus on outputs and processes. However, the criticisms of IMC at the academic level are all too valid – there is no definitive definition nor is there a definitive measure, especially one that can easily be adapted to fit all types of industries and practitioners that may benefit from incorporating the process model. That IMC as a monolithic concept is difficult to examine is not in question. Still, the secondary and primary research in this study seems to indicate that both practitioners and scholars should continue current efforts.
Oil pollution in Sweden

Abstract Sweden suffers repeated oil spills around its southern and western coast. Measures to deal with oil pollution are well organized and designed to minimize biological damage.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2,6-Trip2H3C6PbPbC6H3-2,6-Trip2 (Trip = C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3): A Stable Heavier Group 14 Element Analogue of an Alkyne

Synthesis and Characterization of 2,6-Trip2H3C6PbPbC6H3-2,6-Trip2 (Trip = C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3): A Stable Heavier Group 14 Element Analogue of an Alkyne
Maternal ethnicity influences on neonatal respiratory outcomes after antenatal corticosteroid use for anticipated preterm delivery.

Objective. To explore the influence of maternal ethnicity on neonatal outcomes after antenatal corticosteroid administration.Methods. A retrospective review of ethnicity, maternal factors, and neonatal birth outcomes was performed for preterm births at a single institution. Cases were limited to women who received antenatal corticosteroids. The impact of ethnicity on specific neonatal respiratory outcomes and mortality was analyzed by bivariate comparisons and by logistic regression analysis.Results. Complete ethnicity data were obtained for 548 women. Controlling for gestational age at delivery, diabetes, whether the subject completed a course of steroids, and the dosing of the steroids, logistic regression demonstrated that ethnicity was independently associated with respiratory distress syndrome (compared to Caucasians: African-Americans OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.29–0.85); Filipinos OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.21–0.96).Conclusions. Ethnicity is independently associated with neonatal respiratory outcomes after antenatal ...
Autologous mechanisms generating natural killer activity within human peripheral lymphocytes depleted of NK target-binding cells.

Abstract Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were depleted and enriched for natural killer target-binding cells (NK-TBC) by sedimentation of MOLT 4 tumor conjugate suspensions over discontinuous gradients. NK-TBC-depleted PBL consistently demonstrated diminished NK cytolytic levels whereas the NK levels of PBL enriched for NK-TBC were at least six-to eight-fold greater. An equal ratio of NK-TBC-enriched and depleted PBL combined at the time of cytotoxicity assay demonstrated NK levels intermediate between those of TBC-enriched and depleted PBL. However, coculturing NK-TBC-enriched and depleted PBL for 18 hr resulted in levels equivalent to those of NK-TBC-enriched cells and greater than those predicted from either population cultured alone. The increased NK activity in 18-hr cocultures required protein synthesis by TBC-enriched cells but was not abrogated by anti-interferon antibodies. In other experiments both NK-TBC-depleted and -enriched populations demonstrated considerable NK activity after exposure to autologous non-T lymphocytes. Also, autologous monocytes were found to inhibit the generation of NK activity among TBC-depleted PBL exposed to autologous non-T lymphocytes. The results suggest that non-TBC PBL have the potential to develop functional NK activity and that differing autologous mechanisms might be reponsible for NK generation.