cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curcumin-Encapsulated Stem Cell Exosomes Mitigates Neuro-Vascular Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Stroke in T1DM Mice

Stroke in type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is severe in terms of exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction leading to severe brain damage; however, the underlying mechanism and potential therapeutic opt...
Transformation by herpesvirus saimiri.

Publisher Summary Sequences contained within the saimiri transformation- associated protein (STP) gene region of herpesvirus (h), saimiri strain plays an important and necessary role in cell growth transformation by the virus. These sequences are not required for replication of the virus. Many important aspects of the transformation process, however, have not been clarified. All herpesviruses typically persist in their natural hosts for prolonged periods, usually for life. The ability of some herpesviruses to immortalize the cells in which their genetic information resides could possibly facilitate their ability to persist in the host or to spread in the population. In some circumstances, this cell growth transformation can lead to the formation of tumors. A lymphotropic herpesvirus of nonhuman primates also immortalizes cells in vitro and induces tumors in animals. However, cell transformation and tumor induction are quite distinct from that of Epstein-Barr virus. It is hoped that the investigation of the transformation will lead to better understanding of fundamental mechanisms of herpesviral oncogenesis and signals for lymphocyte proliferation.
Demonstration of the Hybrid Hemoglobin α2aβaβs

Abstract By using the cross-linking reagent p,p'-difluoro-m,m'-dinitrodiphenylsulfone, we fixed in the tetramer form the various species of hemoglobin present in a mixture of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S and demonstrated that the species α2aβaβs exists.
Space reservation for shipboard electric power distribution systems

The constant demands for increased power in all modern navy ships places ever greater need for attention to efficient and well positioned power cabling. The focus of this paper is the characterization of the power distribution system of an all-electric modern combatant. The ensuing mathematical model is suitable for use in the very early stages of design. This includes the use of Set-Based Design during the concept phase of design. In this version of the paper we describe the method we developed to reserve the necessary space to accommodate the shipboard electric power distribution system. Future versions of this paper will include how to compute such metrics as system weight, and total area and volume in each compartment and a vulnerability index to be used to determine a figure of merit to compare different power distribution designs.
Central Appalachia-Still the Other America

SUMMARY This paper celebrates the 40th anniversary of the publication of Michael Harrington's The Other America, which is recognized as a critical catalyst to the development of the War on Poverty. It focuses on Harrington's observations about Central Appalachia, noting the degree to which the characteristics Harrington observed in 1962 persist there these forty years later.
Angular Momentum in Elliptical Galaxies

We have used the available published observations of the rotational properties of elliptical galaxies to test theories of galaxy formation which predict an anti-correlation between the angular momentum of a galaxy and its initial overdensity and hence formation epoch. We find that the prediction, at least in its simplest form, is not supported by the data for well studied elliptical galaxies which have a range in rotational support.
Ultrastructural studies of sporulation in Bacillus sphaericus

Abstract Spore septum formation in Bacillus sphaericus 9602 occurs 2 h after the end of exponential growth at one end of the vegetative cell, which retains a uniform diameter. The apparently rigid spore septum contains an inner cell wall layer which disappears when the sporulation septum "bulges" into the mother cell cytoplasm. This process occurs simultaneously with terminal swelling at the end of the cell containing the spore septum. It is suggested that the inner cell wall layer is peptidoglycan and that its dissolution and the terminal swelling are consequences of a localized autolysis. Engulfment of the forespore by membrane proliferation results in the production of a forespore surrounded by two flexible, closely apposed membranes. These membranes appear to become more rigid as a peptidoglycan-like layer appears between them, concomitant with the condensation of the forespore nucleoid into a crescent-shaped structure. After nuclear condensation, visible development of distinct cortex, primordial cell wall, and spore coat layers begin, and the forespore cytoplasm assumes an appearance similar to that of a refractile spore. The spore coats consist of an amorphous inner layer, a lamellar midlayer, and a structured outer layer. As cortex synthesis and spore coat assembly continue, exosporium development commences close to that portion of the mother cell plasma membrane which surrounds the forespore. The exosporium is lamellar and in tangential section is seen to have a hexagonal arrangement of subunits. The timing of these morphological events has the expected correlation with the appearance of unique enzyme activites required for cortex synthesis.
Factors Affecting Methionine Toxicity and Its Alleviation in the Chick

Young male crossbred chicks were fed crystalline amino acid diets containing excess L-methionine or DL-homocysteine to evaluate factors causing methionine toxicity. Chicks were fed diets containing graded levels of excess methionine from 0% to 2.0%. Rate of gain was reduced at all levels of excess methionine, but the magnitude of depression was greater between 1% and 2% than between 0% and 1% excess methionine. Methionine accumulated in plasma of birds fed excess methionine, but plasma levels of homocysteine, cystathionine and cystine remained essentially unchanged. Spleen iron levels increased linearly and blood hemoglobin decreased linearly when chicks were fed diets containing greater than 1% excess methionine, a level equivalent to about 3 times the chicks' requirement. Chicks fed 1.36% homocysteine had reduced gain and gain:feed values, but spleen iron and hemoglobin levels were unchanged. 3-Methylthiopropionate, a possible metabolite in a proposed alternate pathway, caused a precipitous increase in spleen iron levels. Various methyl sources (betaine, choline, methyl acetate) when fed in excess failed to increase spleen iron levels. Methyl mercaptan and methyl mercaptoacetate likewise did not result in an increase in spleen iron deposition. Both the hemosiderosis condition and the reduced food utilization caused by excess methionine were reversed by supplemental glycine plus threonine.
Openness and Monetary Policy: The Responsiveness of Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand

This paper investigates how economic openness affects the responsiveness of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD). We show that AD is flatter in more-open economies when economic openness is positively associated with the slope of AS (Romer, 1993).
Performance of integrated data/voice circuit-switched multi-access communications channels

Considers a circuit-switched multiaccess communications channel which is used to support communications among a specified number of voice and data terminals. This model applies to a large number of circuit-switched data/voice communication network implementations, including circuit-switched LANs (local area networks) and MANs (metropolitan area networks), broadcast satellite communication systems, demand-assigned TDMA (time-division multiple access) and FDMA (frequency-division multiple access) systems, and various broadcast-radio-based communication systems. Data and voice blocking probabilities are computed by using a vector Markov process model and obtaining product-form solutions for the state probabilities. Three components of blocking probabilities are calculated in terms of three components: circuit blocking probability, destination busy probability, and concurrent busy probability. A practical and useful connection pattern is considered. Performance tradeoffs between a fully shared scheme and a partially shared scheme, under which a specified number of circuits is reserved for voice sessions, are illustrated. >
Some Causes and Cultures of Homelessness

"A job. A constant job. A job that I can handle" [said Sam Sheldon, a forty-seven-year-old unemployed black man when an interviewer asked him what he needed "right now"] "But I need a shelter before I can gain that. I can't earn until I have a place to stay.... This is what I'm saying: I ain't got no roof over my head where I can say, 'Well, I live here. And I want such and such a thing here.' And when I come I got a key to unlock that. Open it and lock it again or whatever. See, because once I have that, I can get myself established. I can accomplish something. Like a bank account, see? And then I can talk shit. A nigger like me, within nothin', on the streets. It's hard." [Paths to Homelessness, p. 54]
A Conditional Test for a Non-negative Mean Vector Based on a Hotelling'sT2-Type Statistic

A conditional test based on a Hotelling'sT2-type statistic is derived for significance of a multivariate mean having non-negative components. This test is shown to be uniformly more powerful than the unconditional test given by Silvapulle. The consistency and invariance of the new test are also established
Die mineralischen Eisensulfide

1. Die Darstellung von Eisendisulfid wurde ausgefuhrt 1. durch Einwirkung von Schwefelwasserstoff auf Ferrisalze oder von Schwefel und Schwefelwasserstoff auf Ferrosalze; 2. durch Addition von Schwefel aus Losung an amorphes Ferrosulfid oder Pyrrhotin; 3. durch die Einwirkung loslicher Polysulfide auf Ferrosalze; 4. durch Einwirkung loslicher Thiosulfate auf Ferrosalze nach der Gleichung: . Die ersten drei Methoden konnen allgemein bezeichnet werden als Einwirkung von Schwefel auf Ferrosulfid: (a) in saurer Losung, (b) in fast neutraler Losung, und (c) in alkalischer Losung, da wir bei 1. annehmen konnen, das sich zuerst Ferrosulfid durch Einwirkung von Schwefelwasserstoff auf Ferrosalz bildet und da wir bei 3. wissen, das Polysulfide zuerst ein Gemisch von Ferrosulfid und Schwefel fallen. Markasit erhielt man mit Sicherheit nur nach Methode 1; niedere Temperatur und freie Saure begunstigen seine Bildung. Eine Losung mit etwa 1 % freier Schwefelsaure bei 100° gibt reinen Markasit. Weniger saure Losungen bei hoherer Temperatur geben Gemische von Markasit und Pyrit. Die anderen Verfahren liefern Pyrit, der unter gewissen Bedingungen mit amorphem Disulfid gemischt sein kann. Es ist moglich, das etwas Markasit nach Methode 4 gebildet wird.
Beam Stability in a 6 GeV Synchrotron Light Source

Future synchrotron radiation sources designed to produce low emittance electron beams for wigglers and undulators will present beam position control problems essentially similar to those encountered by users of existing accelerators,1,2 however tolerances will be tighter due to: 1) the small emittance (7× 10-9 mrad) proposed for the electron beam and the correspondingly small emittances (sizes) of secondary photon beams, 2) the sensitivity of the electron beam closed orbit to quadrupole motion and dipole roll, 3) the high power levels associated with undulator and wiggler beams which will permit (and probably require) high precision and stability of the photon beam position measurements, in addition, 4) the large number of users on the roughly sixty beam lines will demand beams capable of producing the best experimental results. For the present paper, we assume the accelerator control function, which would initially involve making and coordinating all changes, would eventually evolve to setting and verifying the limits of user control: within these limits the beam position would be controlled by users. This paper describes the effects of motion of beam components (quads, rf cavities and dipoles) on the beam and considers the properties of a compensation system from the perspective of users. The system departs from standard practice in considering active perturbation of the electron beam to verify beam corrections. The effects of local closed orbit perturbations to direct undulator beams at different experimental setups are also considered.
Politically correct: Mythologies of neoconservatism in the American academy

(1997). Politically correct: Mythologies of neoconservatism in the American academy. New Political Science: Vol. 19, No. 1-2, pp. 17-28.
Integrating Writing Skills and Ethics Training in Business Communication Pedagogy: A Résumé Case Study Exemplar

An integrated approach to teaching resume construction in the business communication classroom focuses on simultaneously (a) emphasizing writing-related proficiencies and (b) encouraging ethical and moral orientations to this task. This article provides a resume construction exemplar that operationalizes these two pedagogical goals. The techniques and exercises used in the exemplar are presented as a way to make ethics education accessible for both business communication instructors and students.
Molecular dynamics study of dielectric response in a relaxor ferroelectric.

We use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study relaxor behavior in the $0.75{\mathrm{PbMg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-$0.25{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ material. Even for a fairly small simulation size of 1000 atoms, the system exhibits frequency dispersion and deviation from the Curie-Weiss law typical of relaxor materials. Analysis of the time autocorrelation functions for individual atoms allows us to identify the Nb atoms with a high concentration of neighboring Ti atoms as the nucleation sites for the relaxor behavior. This is due to the higher coupling between the cation displacements induced by the presence of overbonded oxygen atoms.
The rotational light curve of (79360) Sila–Nunam, an eclipsing binary in the Kuiper Belt

Abstract We combine long-term photometric observations in multiple band passes to determine the rotational light curve for the binary Kuiper-Belt object (79360) Sila–Nunam. We measure an unambiguous fundamental period of 6.2562 ± 0.002 d, within 0.02% of half the orbital period ( P orb = 12.50995 ± 0.00036 d) determined earlier from HST observations resolving the binary. The light curve is double-peaked, and well fit by the sum of two sinusoids: a primary with period P orb /2 and peak-to-peak amplitude 0.120 ± 0.012 mag and a secondary with period P orb and peak-to-peak amplitude 0.044 ± 0.010 mag. Excluding observations within ∼0.1 deg of opposition, we measure a linear solar phase dependence with slope 0.147 ± 0.018 mag deg −1 and a mean absolute magnitude in the Gunn g band of 6.100 ± 0.006 mag. There is no rotational color variation exceeding 4%. We also observe that eclipses occur centered on light curve minima to within 0.3%, requiring the long axis of at least one of the two bodies to point precisely toward the other. Assuming the binary is doubly synchronous and both rotation axes are aligned with the orbital angular momentum vector, our observations jointly constrain triaxial shape models for Sila and Nunam such that the product of their long-to-intermediate axes ratios is 1.120 ± 0.01. Hence both bodies are elongated by 6%, or else one is elongated by 6–12%, and the other by less than 6%.
Seasonal Evolution of the Upwelling Process South of Cape Blanco

Abstract Bursts of upwelling-favorable winds lasting 4–20 days occur year-round south of Cape Blanco, a major headland on the Oregon coast. The ocean’s response to these events was studied using moored current, temperature, and salinity data; satellite SST data; and a few across-shelf sections near the mooring site. The mooring was located at 42°26.49′N, 124°34.47′W, 6 n mi off Gold Beach, Oregon, from May 2000 to October 2003. After the spring transition but before upwelling jet separation, equatorward wind stress produced a steady upwelling response much the same as a long, straight coast. Currents and winds had similar spectral characteristics with a peak near 15 days. After jet separation, upwelling-favorable winds forced a much more variable current consisting of a series of thin equatorward jets that evolved and moved offshore across the mooring, with shorter time scales than the wind stress forcing. During autumn, the equatorward wind stress weakened slightly and a transition period occurred, with ...
In vitro metabolism of specifically labeled glucose by adipose tissue of mice bearing adrenocorticotropic tumors.

SummaryThe in vitro metabolism of specifically labeled glucose by epididymal adipose tissue of mice bearing adrenocorticotropic tumors has been studied. Sluggish lipogenesis from glucose was found to be coupled with evidence suggesting decreased activity of the phosphogluconate oxidative pathway. Glyceride-glycerol synthesis was normal, and oxidation of glucose carbon in the tricarboxylic acid cycle appeared to proceed at a normal rate. Insulin added in vitro was less effective in promoting lipogenesis and glycogen synthesis than with tissue from control animals.The authors wish to thank Dr. J. Furth, Children's Cancer Research Foundation, Boston, Mass., for providing the animals used in this study. The expert technical assistance of Miss Sylvia Chiesa and Miss Marva Hightower is gratefully acknowledged.
A manifesto against femicide.

In Ciudad Juarez, a group of feminist activists has established the city's first sexual assault center, called Casa Amiga. They accomplished this feat after launching a social movement on several fronts against the notion that Juarense women are cheap, promiscuous, and not worth efforts to provide them a safe refuge from domestic violence, incest, and rape. The essay explores their efforts as a means for asserting the value of women in Ciudad Juarez, an assertion with reverberating effects in the maquiladora industry that has prospered based on this image of Juarense women. By combining a Marxist critique of value with post-structuralist analyses of the subject, the essay argues that projects such as Casa Amiga represent plausible sites for the organizing of alliances whose objective is to reverse the depreciation of laborers.
Substrate transport and its effect on the dynamics of methylotrophic growth

It has been found that Methylomonas L3, an obligate methylotroph, has active transport systems for methanol and formaldehyde, and uses βpH as driving force for the formaldehyde system. The effects of substrate active transport on the dynamics of continuous cultures were demonstrated experimentally. These include unrealistic transient biomass yields. The dynamic studies also indicate that these active transport systems may be subject to genetic repression-induction controls.
Measurement of red cell survival using biotin-labeled red cells: validation against 51Cr-labeled red cells.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a serious problem in the fetus and preterm infant. To investigate the physiology and pathophysiology of anemia and to assess responses to blood transfusions and erythropoietin therapy, measurement of circulating red cell survival would be useful. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Because the standard 51Cr method exposes the patient or subject to radiation, a practical, accurate method for measuring red cell survival was developed on the basis of determining the number of biotin-labeled red cells that persist in the circulation by using fluorescein-labeled avidin and flow cytometry. In addition, disappearance of total biotin label was measured by using 125I-streptavidin. Results of each detection method were compared to red cell survival measured by the standard 51Cr method. RESULTS: Biotinylated cells persisted in circulation with life spans approaching normal. Despite near-normal persistence in circulation of the biotin-labeled cells, about one-half of the biotin label left the circulation over the first few weeks, causing early curvilinear disappearance. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that about one-half of the biotin label leaves the red cells. However, about one-half of the biotin was permanently attached, which produced linear disappearance and approximately normal life span estimates for the linear survival curve appearing after the first few weeks. CONCLUSION: Red cell survival can be measured accurately in humans using enumeration of biotinylated red cells. The method is practical and does not expose the patient to radiation.
Vertical eye-movement during REM sleep: effects of age and electrode placement.

All-night sleep studies were carried out in young adults and aged normal subjects. Eye-movement (EM) was recorded as electro-oculogram from each subject with two different electrode placements. In young adults a placement which responded to vertical as well as to horizontal EM yielded scores for EM activity about one-third greater than those obtained with a placement which responded only to horizontal movements. In addition, the two placements differentially affected estimates of stage 1 EEG. These effects were less marked in aged subjects who were found to have fewer vertical EMs than young adults. It was hypothesized that the proportion of vertical eye-movement reflects the intensity of REM sleep processes.
DP reactive antibody in a zero mismatch renal transplant pair

This study describes molecular basis for positive B-cell flow crossmatch in a zero mismatch (0MM) transplant pair. Our end-stage renal disease patient was B-cell flow crossmatch positive with a 0MM deceased donor. DNA from the donor and patient were further typed by a high-resolution method. The patient's sera were tested for anti-HLA reactivity by single antigen bead using a Luminex platform. The patient and donor were found to be HLA identical except for a single DP allele MM (DPB1*0601). As there was no single antigen bead coated with DPB*0601, analysis of the amino acid residues of reactive and nonreactive DPB1 alleles was conducted. The results showed that all reactive alleles carried the amino acid D-E at residue 55 and 56 of DPB1. The MM allele DPB1*0601 also carries the DE 55-56 epitope. We conclude that positive B-cell flow crossmatch was likely the result of single MM in the DP locus.
EFFECTS OF HINDERED SETTLING ON SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION PROFILES

Suspended sediment distributions which take into account concentration-dependent settling velocities have been derived. The distributions have been compared to and have been found to be in good agreement with the high concentration data of Einstein and Chien [1]. The analysis shows that concentrations at the sediment bed in the Einstein-Chien data are close to those of saturated sediments, which leads to the suggestion that the reference level in the distributions always be taken at the bed where the reference concentration is flow independent. A suspended sediment distribution constructed in this way guarantees a reasonable value for concentration near the bed and depends on two diffusivity parameters which the Einstein-Chien concentration data indicate are related.
Neurobiology: sleep on it.

Is the function of sleep to replenish energy resources or to modify neural connections in the brain? Recordings of the brain's 'reverberating circuits' evident during sleep shed light on the question.
Cryogenic thermal system analysis for orbital propellant depot

Abstract In any manned mission architecture, upwards of seventy percent of all payload delivered to orbit is propellant, and propellant mass fraction dominates almost all transportation segments of any mission requiring a heavy lift launch system like the Saturn V. To mitigate this, the use of an orbital propellant depot has been extensively studied. In this paper, a thermal model of an orbital propellant depot is used to examine the effects of passive and active thermal management strategies. Results show that an all passive thermal management strategy results in significant boil-off for both hydrogen and oxygen. At current launch vehicle prices, these boil-offs equate to millions of dollars lost per month. Zero boil-off of propellant is achievable with the use of active cryocoolers; however, the cooling power required to produce zero-boil-off is an order of magnitude higher than current state-of-the-art cryocoolers. This study shows a zero-boil-off cryocooler minimum power requirement of 80–100 W at 80 K for liquid oxygen, and 100–120 W at 20 K for liquid hydrogen for a representative Near-Earth Object mission. Research and development effort is required to improve the state-of-the-arts in-space cryogenic thermal management.
A mechanism for increasing the superconducting transition temperature

Abstract A mechanism for inxreasing the superconducting transition temperature is discussed. A few physical examples which involve this mechanism are given.
Urban home food gardens in the Global North: research traditions and future directions

In the United States, interest in urban agriculture has grown dramatically. While community gardens have sprouted across the landscape, home food gardens—arguably an ever-present, more durable form of urban agriculture—have been overlooked, understudied, and unsupported by government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and academics. In part a response to the invisibility of home gardens, this paper is a manifesto for their study in the Global North. It seeks to develop a multi-scalar and multidisciplinary research framework that acknowledges the garden’s social and ecological or material dimensions. Given the lack of existing research, we draw on the more extensive literature on home gardens in the South and community gardens in the North to develop a set of hypotheses about the social-ecological effects of urban home food gardens in the North. These gardens, we hypothesize, contribute to food security, community development, cultural reproduction, and resilience at multiple scales; conserve agrobiodiversity; and support urban biodiversity. They may also have negative ecological effects, such as stormwater nutrient loading. Because of the entanglement of the social and the ecological or material in the garden, we review three theoretical perspectives—social ecological systems theory, actor-network theory, and assemblage theory—that have been or could be applied to the multi-scalar and multidisciplinary study of the garden. We also review sampling and analytic methods for conducting home garden research. The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities to extend the research agenda beyond descriptive analysis, the primary focus of garden research to date.
Polymerase matters: non-proofreading enzymes inflate fungal community richness estimates by up to 15 %

Abstract Rare taxa overwhelm metabarcoding data generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Low frequency Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) may be artifacts generated by PCR-amplification errors resulting from polymerase mispairing. We analyzed two Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) MiSeq libraries generated with proofreading (ThermoScientific Phusion ® ) and non-proofreading (ThermoScientific Phire ® ) polymerases from the same MiSeq reaction, the same samples, using the same DNA tags, and with two different clustering methods to evaluate the effect of polymerase and clustering tool choices on the estimates of richness, diversity and community composition. Our data show that, while the overall communities are comparable, OTU richness is exaggerated by the use of the non-proofreading polymerase–up to 15 % depending on the clustering method, and on the threshold of low frequency OTU removal. The overestimation of richness also consistently led to underestimation of community evenness, a result of increase in the low frequency OTUs. Stringent thresholds of eliminating the rare reads remedy this issue; exclusion of reads that occurred ≤10 times reduced overestimated OTU numbers to
KLEPTOPLASTIDY IN THE TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA (DINOPHYCEAE)

The ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger et Burkholder has a complex life cycle with several heterotrophic flagellated and amoeboid stages. A prevalent flagellated form, the nontoxic zoospore stage, has a proficient grazing ability, especially on cryptophyte prey. Although P. piscicida zoospores lack the genetic capability to synthesize chloroplasts, they can obtain functional chloroplasts from algal prey (i.e. kleptoplastidy), as demonstrated here with a cryptophyte prey. Zoospores grown with Rhodomonas sp. Karsten CCMP757 (Cryptophyceae) grazed the cryptophyte population to minimal densities. After placing the cultures in near darkness where cryptophyte recovery was restricted and further prey ingestion did not occur, the time-course patterns in growth, prey chloroplast content·zoospore−1, and prey nucleus content·zoospore−1 were followed. Ingested chloroplasts were selectively retained in the dinoflagellate, as indicated by the decline and, ultimately, near absence of cryptophyte nuclei in plastid-containing zoospores. Chloroplasts retained inside P. piscicida cells for at least a week were photosynthetically active, as indicated by starch accumulation and microscope-autoradiographic measurements of bicarbonate uptake. Recognition that P. piscicida can function as a phototroph broadens our perspective of the physiological ecology of the dinoflagellate because it suggests that, at least during part of its life cycle, P. piscicida’s growth and survival might be affected by photoregulation and nutritional control of photosynthesis.
Accessing Electronic Resources

Having access to current and authoritative knowledge-based information resources including electronic resources is a standard set by The Joint Commission (1); however, to connect a library's electr...
A new, stabilized, hydrophilic silica packing for the high-performance gel chromatography of macromolecules

Abstract A new approach for the stabilization of bonded-phase silica packings for the gel chromatography of proteins has been examined. Porous silica microspheres were stabilized by a zirconium salt treatment and then covalently bonded with a hydrophilic organo-silane. The resultant product (Zorbax® Bio Series GF-250) is a high-resolution, high-speed chromatographic packing with enhanced bonded-phase stability in aqueous buffered mobile phases. Packed columns of this material fractionate proteins roughly by molecular weight (MW) in the range of from 12 000 to 120 000 Daltons with approximately log MW-elution volume linearity. The zirconium-treated surface presents no unusual restraints in operating conditions and even permits short-term use of buffered eluents at pH 9. The useful operating lifetime of this packing has been shown to surpass some other currently available products.
Thermostability Studies of Desiccated Murine Spermatozoa Nuclear DNA to Predict the Beneficial Effect of Trehalose in Long Term Storage

Long term preservation of mouse sperm in a desiccated state using sugars like trehalose may offer attractive economic benefits in the management of rapidly increasing transgenic mouse strains. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the protective effect of intracellular trehalose on sperm nucleus by predicting the long-term nuclear degradation kinetics of desiccated spermatozoa using an Arrhenius model whose parameters are obtained from high temperature-short time storage studies. B6D2F1 sperm isolated in an EGTA supplemented tris-HCl buffer (with or without 0.5M intracellular trehalose) were convectively dried with inert nitrogen gas in a controlled manner to moisture content >5%. The samples were then vacuum packed and stored at 22, 37, 45, 60 and 90°C for 1, 3 or 7 days. Following rehydration, the sperm sample was assayed for DNA damage using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Results indicate significantly (p>0.05) lower DNA degradation for cells dried with intracellular trehalose at 45, 60 and 90°C for 1, 3 or 7 days compared to cells dried without trehalose. Based on a 10% increase in the index of injury, the calculated activation energy and frequency factors were 10.33 kcal/mole and 5.4×105 hr−1 respectively for cells dried in EGTA solution only. The corresponding numbers for cells dried in EGTA solution supplemented with 0.5M trehalose were 5.7 kcal/mole and 43.73 hr−1 . Based on these parameters the time required for 10% DNA degradation are 279 and 759 hours for samples desiccated in plain EGTA vs. trehalose supplemented EGTA. These results indicate the beneficial effect of intracellular trehalose for the long-term storage of desiccated sperm.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Large-scale wave-front reconstruction for adaptive optics systems by use of a recursive filtering algorithm

We propose a new recursive filtering algorithm for wave-front reconstruction in a large-scale adaptive optics system. An embedding step is used in this recursive filtering algorithm to permit fast methods to be used for wave-front reconstruction on an annular aperture. This embedding step can be used alone with a direct residual error updating procedure or used with the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method as a preconditioning step. We derive the Hudgin and Fried filters for spectral-domain filtering, using the eigenvalue decomposition method. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of discrete Fourier transform domain filtering, discrete cosine transform domain filtering, multigrid, and alternative-direction-implicit methods in the embedding step of the recursive filtering algorithm. We also simulate the performance of this recursive filtering in a closed-loop adaptive optics system.
Interleukin 1 Activates STAT3/Nuclear Factor-κB Cross-talk via a Unique TRAF6- and p65-dependent Mechanism

Interleukins (IL) 1 and 6 are important cytokines that function via the activation, respectively, of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT3. We have observed that a specific type of kappa B DNA sequence motif supports both NF-kappaB p65 homodimer binding and cooperativity with non-tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3. This activity, in contrast to that mediated by kappaB DNA motifs that do not efficiently bind p65 homodimers, is shown to be uniquely dependent upon signal transduction through the carboxyl terminus of TRAF6. Furthermore, STAT3 and p65 are shown to physically interact, in vivo, and this interaction appears to inhibit the function of "classical" STAT3 GAS-like binding sites. The distinct p50 form of NF-kappaB is also shown to interact with STAT3. However, in contrast to p65, p50 cooperates with STAT3 bound to GAS sites. These data argue for a novel transcription factor cross-talk mechanism that may help resolve inconsistencies previously reported regarding the mechanism of IL-1 inhibition of IL-6 activity during the acute-phase response.
SELF-REPORTED JOINT AND BACK PAIN AMONG HISPANIC CONSTRUCTION WORKERS: A PILOT WORKPLACE MUSCULOSKELETAL ASSESSMENT

Construction workers are frequently exposed to awkward work postures and physical demands that can lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. There has been limited development of assessment and outreach strategies targeting this highly mobile workforce in general and especially among Hispanic construction workers. We report the prevalence of joint pain from a convenience sample of Hispanic construction workers. A workplace musculoskeletal disorder assessment was undertaken coinciding with construction-site lunch truck visits among 54 workers employed at two large South Florida construction sites. A 45-item questionnaire preloaded onto handheld devices was utilized to record field data. Forty-seven percent of Hispanic workers reported joint pain 30 days prior to interview date, of whom 87% indicated these joint problems interfered with work activities. Over 63% reported experiencing low back pain that lasted at least a whole day during the past 3 months. Right and left knees were the most frequently reported painful joints (both 34%). Musculoskeletal disorders as evident by joint pain, appears to be prevalent among Hispanic construction workers. Workplace ergonomic prevention strategies that reduce musculoskeletal disorders using innovative recruitment and engagement methods (such as during lunch truck construction-site visits) may improve opportunities to reduce joint pain and damage.
Field desorption mass spectrometric measurement of picomole amounts of leucine enkephalin in canine spinal cord tissue.

Leucine enkephalin is measured in canine spinal cord tissue in a structurally unambiguous manner. A rapid tissue procurement procedure minimizes enkephalin metabolism. High-performance liquid chromatography purification of brain neuropeptides is followed by field desorption mass spectrometric measurement of leucine enkephalin in spinal cord tissue extracts. Quantification is performed at the 70 ng (126 pmol) g−1 of wet weight tissue, or 70 parts per billion level. The higher homolog of leucine enkephalin, 2ala-leucine enkephalin, is utilized as internal standard. Straight-line statistics are obtained for a series of samples to which a peptide standard is added.
Another second order beam vibration theory: Explicit bending warping flexibility and restraint

Abstract A new symmetric beam bending vibration theory which explicitly includes bending warping is presented. The governing differential equations are of sixth order and the boundary conditions allow enforcement of total fixity of the end of a beam. The motivation for the study was the desire to determine if consideration of bending warping restraint in bending theory is as important as is torsion warping restraint in torsion theory. Natural frequency predictions are given and compared with other theories for constant cross-section, cantilevered “beams” of two types: short, deep rectangular beams; and, short, thin, shallow, circular cylindrical shells. The accuracy of the new theory is comparable with Murty's, Levinson's, Bickford's and Rehfield's theories for beams with rectangular cross-sections. It is also comparable with Cowper's theory for general symmetric cross-sections.
Growth rate of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and sea level lowering (with emphasis on the 115,000 BP sea level low)

A physically plausible three-dimensional numerical ice flow model is used to examine the rate at which the Laurentide Ice Sheet could spread and thicken using as input likely values for the rate of fall of snowline and the amount of net mass balance over the growing ice sheet. This provides then both a test of the hypothesis of “instantaneous glacierization” and of the suggested rapid fall of world sea level to between −20 and −70 m below present at 115,000 BP. Two experiments are described: The first terminated after 10,050 years of model run with ice sheets centered over Labrador-Ungava and Baffin Island with a total volume of 3.0 × 106 km3 of ice, whereas the second was completed after 10,000 years and resulted in a significantly larger ice sheet (still with two main centers) with a volume of 7.78 × 106 km3 of ice. This latter figure is equivalent to the mass required to lower world sea level by 19.4 m. Our results indicate that large ice sheets can develop in about 10,000 years under optimum conditions.
Real time condition monitoring in Li-Ion batteries via battery impulse response

Li-Ion batteries are suitable rechargeable choices for electric and hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV) applications due to their relatively high level of energy and power density. Development of an efficient method for monitoring their online state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) is of high importance for vehicular applications. The methods used for SOH estimation are mostly based on discharge tests or ohmic techniques which are time consuming and inaccurate for real time usage. The present paper reports on a new method for estimating the SOH of a Li-Ion battery using its impulse response. Having the impulse response of a healthy battery, the proposed method predicts the terminal voltage of a battery using the terminal current measurement. Online comparison of the predicted and measured voltages provides information about the condition of the battery. The proposed method provides a tool to distinguish among the possible faults which may have occurred in the battery.
An exploration of the partial respects in which an axiom system recognizing solely addition as a total function can verify its own consistency

This article will study a class of deduction systems that allow for a limited use of the modus ponens method of deduction. We will show that it is possible to devise axiom systems α that can recognize their consistency under a deduction system D provided that: (1) α treats multiplication as a 3-way relation (rather than as a total function), and that (2) D does not allow for the use of a modus ponens methodology above essentially the levels of Π1 and Σ1 formulae. Part of what will make this boundary-case exception to the Second Incompleteness Theorem interesting is that we will also characterize generalizations of the Second Incompleteness Theorem that take force when we only slightly weaken the assumptions of our boundary-case exceptions in any of several further directions.
The Neuropsychological Effects of Infratentorial, Supratentorial and Diencephalic Childhood Brain Tumors

The Neuropsychological Effects of Infratentorial, Supratentorial and Diencephalic Childhood Brain Tumors
VI. The behaviour of the phosphorus emanation in spherical condensers—V

With the present paper I have given a brief but systematic account of the bulk of my work with the phosphorus emanation, the purpose throughout being to map out roughly the phenomena in which I am ...
Reconfigurable hybrid interconnection for static and dynamic scientific applications

As we enter the era of peta-scale computing, system architects must plan for machines composed of tens or even hundreds of thousands of processors. Although fully connected networks such as fat-tree configurations currently dominate HPC interconnect designs, such approaches are inadequate for ultra-scale concurrencies due to the superlinear growth of component costs. Traditional low-degree interconnect topologies, such as 3D tori, have reemerged as a competitive solution due to the linear scaling of system components relative to the node count; however, such networks are poorly suited for the requirements of many scientific applications at extreme concurrencies. To address these limitations, we propose HFAST, a hybrid switch architecture that uses circuit switches to dynamically reconfigure lower-degree interconnects to suit the topological requirements of a given scientific application. This work presents several new research contributions. We develop an optimization strategy for HFAST mappings and demonstrate that efficiency gains can be attained across a broad range of static numerical computations. Additionally, we conduct an extensive analysis of the communication characteristics of a dynamically adapting mesh calculation and show that the HFAST approach can achieve significant advantages, even when compared with traditional fat-tree configurations. Overall results point to the promising potential of utilizing hybrid reconfigurable networks to interconnect future peta-scale architectures, for both static and dynamically adapting applications.
Novel Configurational-Bias Monte Carlo Method for Branched Molecules. Transferable Potentials for Phase Equilibria. 2. United-Atom Description of Branched Alkanes

A new generalization of the configurational-bias Monte Carlo method is presented which avoids the problems inherent in a Boltzmann rejection scheme for sequentially generating bond bending and torsional angles. The TraPPE-UA (transferable potentials for phase equilibria united-atom) force field is extended to include Lennard-Jones interaction parameters for methine and quaternary carbon groups by fitting to critical temperatures and saturated liquid densities of branched alkanes. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the Gibbs ensemble were carried out to determine the vapor−liquid coexistence curves (VLCC) for six alkane isomers with four to eight carbons. Results are presented for two united-atom alkane force fields: PRF [Poncela, et al. Mol. Phys. 1997, 91, 189] and TraPPE-UA. Standard-state specific densities for the TraPPE-UA model were studied by simulations in the isobaric−isothermal ensemble. It is found that a single set of methyl, methylene, methine, and quaternary carbon parameters g...
Risk and Strategic Decision-Making in Developing Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines

Evidence-based practice (EBP) represents an important approach to educating and treating individuals diagnosed with disabilities or disorders. Understanding research findings is the cornerstone of EBP. The methodology of systematic reviews, which involves carefully analyzing research findings, can result a practice guideline that recommends treatments based on the best available evidence. Educators and practitioners will be best positioned to effectively use these guidelines when they recognize both the strengths and limitations of these documents. This article highlights some of the limitations of these documents by reviewing the decisions experts make when they develop practice guidelines. The risks associated with each of the decisions are outlined, with the National Standards Project serving as an example for each decision and resulting risks. The implications of the risks are considered so that educators and practitioners will be better able to evaluate the usefulness of any practice guideline when they select treatments for the children they serve.
Equivalence of Symmetric Pre-Extension and Lifting Step Extension in the JPEG 2000 Standard

Symmetric extension, traditionally implemented as a pre-processing step, is a popular method of handling image boundaries in subband image coding schemes. With the advent of lifting factorizations, however, a second strategy for boundary handling consists of extending the input signal's polyphase components as part of each lifting step. Both methods are employed in the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 standard: symmetric pre- extension in Part 1 and lifting step extension in Part 2 of the standard. We present a system-level framework for analyzing both classes of schemes that can be used to prove mathematical equivalence of the two approaches.
On the Scaling of Tooth Size in Mammals

We must establish the allometric regularities of functional scalingin interspecific, “mouse-to elephant” plots in order to provide criteria for the recognition of special adaptations unrelated to the requirements of size. The qualitative literature suggests that postcanine tooth areas of herbivorous mammals should increase with positive allometry in such plots. This positive allometry might reflect the demands of metabolism or the ecological strategies of large vs. small hervivores embodied in Levins' concept of environmental grain. Plots of postcanine area vs. body size display the expected postive allometry in all groups studied: hystricomorph rodents, suine artiodactyls (pigs, peccaries, and hippos), cervoid artiodactyls (deer, s.l ), and four groups of primates considered separately (lemuroids, ceboids, cercopithecoids, and great apes). Sketchy data for australopithecines also indicate positive allometry and the relatively larger cheek teeth of robust forms may only reflect their larger body size and not the dietary differences so often advocated. Phyletic dwarfs of large herbivores display negative allometry (relatively larger cheek teeth in dwarfs) in opposition to the interspecific trend.
Green's functions and general formalism for 2D piezoelectricity

Abstract Explicit expressions for two-dimensional (2D) Green's functions in piezoelectric crystals of general anisotropy are derived. The Green's functions are used to produce the general solution for 2D problems in piezoelectric media. Evaluation for degenerate materials is also discussed.
Recent Advances in Insect Resistance of Vegetable and Fruit Crops in North America: 1966–1977

Between 1966 and 1977, no fewer than 200 published papers dealt with insect resistance in fruit and vegetable crops in North America. These covered at least 30 different crops and 89 different crop/insect associations. The heritability of resistance was demonstrated in 35 cases.