cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Reliable Low-Cost Foot Contact Sensor for Legged Robots

In an unstructured environment, fast walking legged robots can easily damage itself or the crowd due to slips or missing desired contacts. Therefore, it is important to sense ground contacts for legged robots. This paper presents a low-cost, lightweight, simple and robust foot contact sensor designed for legged robots with point feet. First, the mechanical design of the foot is proposed. The foot detects contact as it presses against the ground through the deformation of a layer of polyurethane rubber, which allows the compressive displacement of the contact foot pad to trigger the enclosed sensor. This sensor is a binary contact sensor using pushbutton switches. The total weight of the foot contact sensor is 82g, and the cost of manufacturing one is less than $10 USD. Next, the effectiveness of the developed foot is confirmed through several experiments. The angle between the center axis of the foot and the ground is referred to as the contact angle in this paper. The foot contact sensor can reliably detect ground contact over contact angles between 30° to 150°. This prototype sensor can also withstand contact forces of over 80N for more than 10,000 steps.
Combined Proteomic and Genetic Interaction Mapping Reveals New RAS Effector Pathways and Susceptibilities.

Activating mutations in RAS GTPases drive many cancers, but limited understanding of less-studied RAS interactors, and of the specific roles of different RAS interactor paralogs, continues to limit target discovery. We developed a multistage discovery and screening process to systematically identify genes conferring RAS-related susceptibilities in lung adenocarcinoma. Using affinity purification mass spectrometry, we generated a protein-protein interaction map of RAS interactors and pathway components containing hundreds of interactions. From this network, we constructed a CRISPR dual knockout library targeting 119 RAS-related genes that we screened for KRAS-dependent genetic interactions (GIs). This approach identified new RAS effectors, including the adhesion controller RADIL and the endocytosis regulator RIN1, and >250 synthetic lethal GIs, including a potent KRAS-dependent interaction between RAP1GDS1 and RHOA. Many GIs link specific paralogs within and between gene families. These findings illustrate the power of multiomic approaches to uncover synthetic lethal combinations specific for hitherto untreatable cancer genotypes.
Abstract 14677: Distribution of 10- and 30-year Predicted Risks for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: NHANES 2015 to 2018

Introduction: Premature fatal cardiovascular disease rates have plateaued in the US. Identifying population distributions of short- and long-term predicted risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular d...
Pembrolizumab-Associated Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis in a Patient With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Seronegative myasthenia gravis is a rare, but potential adverse effect of immune checkpoint inhibition. There have been few but increasing number of cases reported in recent years, and early recognition is important for prompt diagnosis and management. Here, we describe the case of a 65-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma on pembrolizumab diagnosed with new-onset seronegative myasthenia gravis and review literature on its management.
Interoceptive dysfunction indicates presence and severity of self-injurious behaviors in a clinically severe transdiagnostic sample.

Abstract Interoceptive dysfunction (ID) is associated with self-injurious behaviors, as disconnection from the body is thought to enable bodily harm. This study tested differences in ID among those with and without history of self-injurious behaviors, as well as the relationship between ID and lethality of past suicide attempts. Adults (N = 344; 61.3% female; mean age 27.68) seeking psychological treatment completed self-report measures and clinical interviews during intake at a community-based clinic. Overall symptom severity was substantial (e.g., approximately 40% reported current suicidal ideation and two-thirds met a clinical cut-off score of ≥ 16 on the Beck Depression Inventory). Orthogonal contrasts were used to test whether mean levels of ID differed across lifetime self-injurious behavior groups. Attempt lethality was regressed on interoceptive dysfunction, covarying depressive symptom severity, age, and gender. Participants with suicide attempt history demonstrated greater ID than those without. Participants who had engaged in non-suicidal self-injury demonstrated greater ID than those with no history of self-injurious behaviors. Greater ID was associated with higher lethality of past suicide attempt, above demographic and clinical covariates. ID may have transdiagnostic relevance for risk assessment and management of self-injurious behaviors.
Coordinating the Internet

Part 1 The problem of Internet governance: The self-governing Internet - coordination by design, Sharon Eisner Guillett, Mitchell Kapor Governance of the Internet - a UK perspective, Mark Gould And how shall the Net be governed? a meditation on the relative virtues of decentralized, emergent law, David R. Johnson, David G. Post Factors shaping Internet self-governance, A.M. Rutkowski. Part 2 Domain names: Internet domain names - whose domain is this? Robert Shaw 'Domain-ia' - the growing tension between the domain name system and trademark law, Alexander Gigante Trademark disputes in the assignment of domain names, carl Oppedahl Network solutions and domain name disputes - a reply to Carl Oppedahl registering the domain name system - an exercise in global decision-making, William A. Foster Addressing and the future of communications competition - lessons from telephony and the Internet, Ashley Andeen, John Leslie King In whose domain? name service in adolescence, Don Mitchell et al. Part 3 Financial incentives for route aggregation and efficient address utilization in the Internet, Yakov rekhter et al Address administration in IPv6, Eric Hoffman, K. Claffy. Part 4 Interconnections and settlements: Scalable Internet interconnection agreements and integrated services, Joseph Bailey, Lee McKnight Internet exchanges - policy-driven evolution, Bilal Chinoy, Timothy J. Salo Interconnection, pricing, and settlements - some healthy jostling in the growth of the Internet, Richard A. Cawley Settlement systems for the Internet, Maria Farnon, Scott Huddle The Hong Kong Internet exchange - the economics, evolution, and connectivity of Asian Internet infrastructure, Milton Mueller et al. Part 5 Service quality: IP performance metrics, Guy T. Almes Cooperation in Internet data acquisition and analysis, Tracie Monk, K. Claffy.
Reliability Assessment of Advanced Flip-Chip Interconnect Electronic Package Assemblies under Extreme Cold Temperatures (−190 and −120°C)

Flip-chip interconnect electronic package boards have been assembled, underfilled, non-destructively evaluated, and subsequently subjected to extreme temperature thermal cycling to assess the reliability of this advanced packaging interconnect technology for future deep-space, long-term, extreme temperature missions. In this very preliminary study, the employed temperature range covers military specifications (−55 to 100°C), extreme cold Martian (−120 to 115°C) and asteroid Nereus (−180 to 25°C) environments. The resistance of daisy-chained, flip-chip interconnects was measured at room temperature and at various intervals as a function of extreme temperature thermal cycling. Electrical resistance measurements are reported and the tests to date have not shown significant change in resistance as a function of extreme temperature thermal cycling. However, the change in interconnect resistance becomes more noticeable with increasing number of thermal cycles. Further research work has been carried out to under...
Genetically generated neural networks. II. Searching for an optimal representation

Genetic algorithms (GAs) make use of an internal representation of a given system in order to perform optimization functions. The actual structural layout of this representation, called a genome, has a crucial impact on the outcome of the optimization process. The author reports the effects of different internal representations in a GA, which generates neural networks. A second GA was used to optimize the genome structure. This structure produces an optimized system within a shorter time interval. The work represents a first step in genetically aided system design and self optimization. >
Temperature inversion buildup in Colorado's Eagle Calley

The development of temperature inversion and wind structure in Colorado's Eagle Valley was investigated by means of tethered balloon ascents made during the late aftermoon and evening of 15 October 1978. Strong cooling of the valley atmosphere began after 1630 MST. The mean rate of energy loss from a 1 m-thick cross section of the valley atmosphere during the 4 h period of observations was 1.23 MW. The zone of maximum rate of energy loss propagated upwards from the valley floor after 1630 MST and was accompanied by distinctive structures in both the temperature and wind fields. Transport of cold air in the downslope flows over the sidewalls is thought to play a major role in causing the rapid growth (250 m/h) in temperature insersion depth and the strong cooling of the atmosphere in the early stages of the evening transition period.
The Evolution of Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology

Early in the race to space in the 1950s, the U.S. Department of Defense found that tracking the position of satellites could be used to track fixed bodies on the surface of the Earth. No one realized that the NAVSTAR GPS satellite constellation program, that began its research and development in 1973 and launching its first four satellites in 1978, would change the very nature of our world in the next two decades. The system later to be known simply as the Global Positioning System (GPS) would not only provide complex navigation and timing capability to the military but, might very well, be the backbone to energize the faltering economy in 2001. A myriad of evolving GPS applications and complementary technologies may spawn new, much needed economic growth. Advances in integrated circuit technology and high-volume applications have helped to bring the price of GPS receivers down to $100–$500. The size of GPS receivers has now been considerably reduced. Prices and device sizes will continue to fall in the next decade while the applications for this technology will continue to blossom. It should be no surprise when this technology affects each of us, and, is used in every home and business in some form during this decade.
Electromechanical power generation for interplanetary space travel beyond low earth orbit

Preliminary results of investigating high frequency power generation using a permanent magnet synchronous machine is presented. The specific application is crew exploration vehicles for space travel beyond low earth orbit.
All You Need Is RNA

What does it take to string amino acids together to form a protein? This essential process of life, synthesis of peptide bonds, can be accomplished by naked RNA molecules, as Schimmel and Alexander explain in their Perspective. This notion, bolstered by the results of Nitta et al. in this week9s issue, paints a picture of how the first proteins may have been synthesized in an ancient world where RNA molecules were the precursors of life.
Evidence for impairment of transsulfuration pathway in cirrhosis

Abstract Cirrhotic patients display fasting hypermethioninemia and delayed plasma clearance of methionine. These findings could be explained by an impairment in the main hepatic ("transsulfuration") pathway for methionine degradation: methionine → S -adenosylmethionine → homocystine → cystathionine → cyst(e)ine → sulfate and taurine. In this study we quantified by pharmacokinetic methods the degree of methionine intolerance after an oral methionine load. The site of metabolic impairment was investigated by measuring the aforementioned amino acids in the venous blood plasma and urine, plus urinary sulfate excretion. In normal subjects, fasting plasma methionine concentration was 26.1 ± 2.5 μmol/L (mean ± SEM). After an oral load the methionine elimination half-life (t12) was 146 ± 10 min. Urine SO 4 2− excretion averaged 632 ± 92 μmol/h before oral load; this rate increased to 1528 ± 248 μmol/h at 0–6 h and 1881 ± 214 μmol/h at 7–12 h after the load. Intermediates (i.e., homocystine, cystathionine, homoserine, or cystine) did not accumulate in the blood or urine after methionine administration. In cirrhotic patients basal plasma methionine concentration at 65.0 ± 19.4 μmole/L, and t12 at 458 ± 81 min were significantly elevated (p 4 2− excretion, initially 664 ± 84 μmol/h, increased after the load to 809 ± 64 μmol/h at 0–6 h and to 1201 ± 107 μmol/h at 7–12 h, but was significantly less than in normals in both periods (p 4 2− within 24 h, cirrhotic patients excreted only 38%. The clearance of methionine after an oral load is retarded in cirrhosis. The simultaneous delay in SO 4 2− excretion implies a block in the transsulfuration pathway. Because intermediates do not accumulate in plasma or urine during the prolonged hypermethioninemia after oral loading, the block appears to be above the level of homocystine synthesis.
Chapter 4 Ion Interactions with the Gramicidin A Transmembrane Channel: Cesium-133 and Calcium-43 NMR Studies

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the capacity to determine meaningful rate constants by means of NMR relaxation studies of spin 7/2 cesium- 133 and allow these approaches to be considered for spin 7/2 calcium-43. Background NMR data are presented for calcium-43, e.g., CaCI 2 concentration dependence and temperature dependence of the longitudinal relaxation time, TI, in D,O, in the presence of phosphatidylcholine lipid and in the presence of phosphatidylcholine lipid plus gramicidin A channels and the transverse relaxation time, T 2 for 100 m M and 1 M CaCI 2 , in the presence and absence of channels. These data allow determination of the off-rate constant for calcium ions leaving the channel binding site to be of the order of 5 x 10 7 /sec. With the binding constant demonstrated here to be about l/M for the site at the mouth of the gramicidin A channel and with the experimental off-rate constant, it becomes apparent that the lack of a calcium ion current is due to a high central barrier arising from the large repulsive image force which occurs when a divalent charge is separated from the lipid dielectric constant by no more than a single layer of polypeptide backbone.
Rigging Rights of Passage: Analyzing Subsurface Easements in Horizontal Drilling

The judiciary and policy makers must address emerging issues presented by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, especially liability and trespass issues stemming from horizontal wellbore movement through the subsurface. Developing a subsurface easement scheme for obtaining safe wellbore passage is one example of the ongoing tension between balancing traditional property entitlements while accommodating modern technology and the public interest in energy development. This article is the first to provide a brief survey of the ways in which practitioners suggest resolving subsurface trespass and liability issues stemming from horizontal drilling in the subsurface easement context. This article proposes that courts should continue to respect traditional subsurface property rights, including the residue of the ad coelum doctrine. Recognizing the difficulties inherent in reconceptualizing the subsurface as a “public commons,” both private property owners and the oil and gas industry are well served by affirming existing “bright-line” private property entitlements in developing and marketing the mineral estate. Policy makers, recognizing the compelling public interest in profitable energy production, can and should implement appropriate regulatory or statutory means to rectify any practical difficulties arising from affirming existing subsurface entitlements.
Radar remote sensing of the spring thaw transition across a boreal landscape

Abstract The seasonal transition of the boreal forest between frozen and non-frozen conditions affects a number of ecosystem processes that cycle between winter dormant and summer active states. The relatively short Ku-band wavelength (2.14 cm) of the space-borne NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) is sensitive to changes in dielectric properties, associated with large-scale changes in the relative abundance and phase (frozen or thawed) of canopy and surface water. We used a temporal change detection analysis of NSCAT daily radar backscatter measurements to characterize the 1997 seasonal spring thaw transition period across the 106 km2 BOREAS study region of central Canada. In the spring, air temperature transitions from frozen to non-frozen conditions and surface observations of seasonal snow cover depletion were generally coincident with decreases in radar backscatter of more than 2.9 dB, regardless of regional landcover characteristics. We used a temporal classification of NSCAT daily differences from 5-day smoothed backscatter values to derive three simple indices describing the initiation, primary event and completion of the spring thaw transition period. Several factors had a negative impact on the relative accuracy of NSCAT-based results, including periodic gaps in NSCAT daily time-series information and a large (i.e., >2 cm day−1) spring rainfall event. However, these results were generally successful in capturing the seasonal transition of the region from frozen to non-frozen conditions, based on comparisons with regional weather station network information. These results illustrate the potential for improved assessment of springtime phenology and associated ecosystem dynamics across high latitude regions, where field based and optical remote-sensing methods are substantially degraded by frequent cloud cover, low solar illumination and sparse surface weather station networks.
Analysis of optical networks with heterogeneous grooming architectures

Traffic grooming in optical networks employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has gained prominence due to the prevailing disparity between the user requirement and wavelength capacity. Nodes in an optical network get upgraded to the latest grooming technology slowly with time. Hence, WDM grooming networks are expected to employ heterogeneous grooming architectures. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to evaluate the blocking performance of WDM grooming networks with heterogeneous grooming capabilities. We demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical model by comparing the analytical results with that of the simulation. We observe that analytical models with and without precise knowledge of the grooming architectures predict similar performance. The proposed analytical model can be employed by resource placement algorithms that identify a set of nodes and links that need to be upgraded when the resources are limited.
ABDOMINAL PAIN DURING PREGNANCY

Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms with which patients present to physicans. Primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, gynecologists, surgeons, and emergency physicians evaluate and treat patients with abdominal pain of varying severity on a daily basis. The pregnant patient with abdominal pain presents unique challenges to the physician. First, the diagnosis of pregnancy may not be established or suspected at the time of patient presentation. Second, the anatomic and physiologic changes that normally occur during pregnancy alter the physical findings and laboratory values that are often used to determine the cause of abdominal pain. Third, several abdominal disorders that occur solely during pregnancy can produce significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly identified and treated. Fourth, the physician is constrained in the use of certain diagnostic procedures because of possible teratogenicity. Finally, the physician is treating two patients simultaneously, the mother and fetus, and must be aware of the potential effect of therapy on both patients at all times. This article reviews the mechanisms of abdominal pain and discusses the causes of abdominal pain in the pregnant patient.
Optimal Sample Design with Nonresponse

Abstract Discussed here are several aspects of a simple model for dealing with nonresponse. The model is, in a sense, a sequential one and is developed from a Bayesian decision theory point of view. Within this framework we examine how formalization and combination of one's opinions, past experience, and “objective” evidence concerning the proportion of non-respondents, the differences and relations between respondents and nonrespondents, the cost of obtaining information from nonrespondents, etc., might influence optimal decisions concerning the sampling of nonrespondents. The influence of nonresponse on the overall optimal sample design is also discussed, as well as several generalizations of the basic model, to handle a hard core of nonresponse.
Extrapolation from animals to man: predictions, pitfalls and perspectives

1. Comparative drug disposition studies can be useful in extrapolating from animals to man provided that the criteria indicating interspecies similarity in disposition reflect similar exposure to the foreign compound. Interspecies variability, on the other hand, can often be related to physiological or biochemical differences, thereby providing a rationale for the unsuitability or limitations of a species as a model for human metabolism.2. Retrospective evaluation of the following examples illustrates the relevance of the indicated disposition characteristics to risk and efficacy assessment: (a) oxaprozin (route of excretion, enterohepatic circulation and exposure; plasma concentrations and efficacy prediction); (b) ciramadol (species differences in presystemic elimination and major metabolic pathway); (c) acebutolol (pharmacologically active human metabolite absent in one of the toxicology species); (d) esmolol (duration of pharmacologic effect controlled by species dependent nature of blood esterases).3...
``Majority Representation'' of Alloy Electronic States

Despite the lack of translational symmetry in random substitutional alloys, their description in terms of single Bloch states has been used in most phenomenological models and spectroscopic practices. We present a new way of analyzing the alloy electronic structures based on a {open_quotes}majority representation{close_quotes} phenomenon of the reciprocal space spectrum P({bold k}) of the wave function. This analysis provides a quantitative answer to the questions: When can an alloy state be classified according to the crystal Bloch state symmetry, and under what circumstances are the conventional theoretical alloy models applicable. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Variability in crop radiation-use efficiency associated with vapor-pressure deficit

Abstract The ratio of the amount of crop dry-matter produced per unit of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation is usually referred to as radiation-use efficiency ( rue ). Large within-species variability in rue has been reported for a number of species growing with adequate moisture and nutrients. This variability raises questions concerning the generality of the approach for plant-growth analysis and modeling. Available data suggest that increased vapor-pressure difference between substomatal air and the air surrounding the leaves may lead to reductions in leaf conductance and photosynthetic capacity of well-watered plants, and therefore to rue reductions. The coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) of linear regressions of reported rue values as a function of daily saturation vapor-pressure deficit ( Δe ) were calculated for sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and maize ( Zea mays ). Decreased rue was associated with increased Δe in well-watered conditions, explaining a large portion of the rue variability. Effects of Δe should be considered when the rue concept is used to estimate biomass accumulation.
Detection and quantification limits: basic concepts, international harmonization, and outstanding (“low-level”) issues

A brief review is given of concepts, basic definitions, and terminology for metrological detection and quantification capabilities, representing harmonized recommendations and norms of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), respectively. Treatment of the (low-level) blank and variance function are discussed in some detail, together with special problems arising with detection decisions and the reporting of low-level data. Key references to the international documents follow, as well as specialized references addressing very low-level counting data, skewed environmental blank distributions, and multiple and multivariate detection decisions.
Acid-Base and Electrostatic Contributions to the Adhesion of Polymers to Metal and Ceramic Substrates

The strength of interfacial bonding between polymers and inorganic substrates is very appreciably enhanced when polymers are acidic and substrates are basic, or vice versa. The interaction is of two kinds, an increased thermodynamic work of adhesion resulting from large exothermic interactions at the interface, and an increased tensile strength resulting from electrical charge injection into the polymer from the substrate. The exothermic interfacial interactions between acidic and basic sites are easily measured by calorimetry or by infrared spectral shifts. The enthalpies of adsorption can be correlated and predicted by the Drago equation, −Δ H = CACB+ EAEB, where the CA and EA for the acidic member can be measured by enthalpies determined with basic molecular probes of known CB and EB. Heats of adsorption of polymers onto inorganic substrates are precisely predictable with the above equation once E and C values are known for the polymer and substrate.
Introduction of the Board of Editors in the Life Sciences exam to Korea and its significance

In October 2013 and September 2014, the Korean Council of Science Editors (KCSE) organized the Board of Editors in the Life Sciences (BELS) certification examination in Korea. The total number of BELS examinees was 30 in 2013 and 27 in 2014. They comprised of domestic and foreign editors, manuscript editors, society staffs, and librarians. Nine of the examinees (2 in 2013, 7 in 2014), six of whom were Koreans, passed the exam. I had worked for preparation of these exams for two years as a general manager of KCSE. I would like to describe the process up to its introduction, exam registration process, and the significance of implementing the first BELS examination in Korea.
Neuroethology of Oviposition Behavior in the Moth Manduca sexta

Olfactory cues play decisive roles in the lives of most insect species, providing information about biologically relevant resources, such as food, mates, and oviposition sites. The nocturnal moth Manduca sexta feeds on floral nectar from a variety of plants (and thus serves as a pollinator), but females oviposit almost exclusively on solanaceous plants, which they recognize on the basis of olfactory cues. Plants, however, respond to herbivory by releasing blends of volatiles that attract natural enemies of herbivores. Thus, oviposition behavior probably results from the sensory evaluation not only of attractive host plant volatiles but also of repellent volatiles that indicate the acceptability or inappropriateness, respectively, of host plants for the females' offspring. Here we describe results from chemical-ecological, neurophysiological, and behavioral experiments aimed at understanding the neural mechanisms that control oviposition behavior in M. sexta.
Ecological correlates to activity and habitat use of two prosimian primates: Eulemur rubriventer and Eulemur fulvus rufus in Madagascar.

In this paper, I provide data on the possible effects of group size and seasonal changes in food availability on the activity and habitat use patterns of two species of prosimian primate: the rufous lemur (Eulemur fulvus rufus) and the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer). General and subtle seasonal differences were observed between lemur species in (1) group size and composition, (2) activity profiles, and (3) habitat use. Rufous lemur groups were larger (mean = 8 individuals) and contained more adults than red-bellied lemur groups (mean = 3 individuals). The overall degree and distribution of diurnal activity differed between lemur species and varied within species with seasonal changes in food availability. In general, rufous lemurs traveled more often than red-bellied lemurs. During food scarcity, both species increased the amount of time spent feeding, although peak feeding and traveling times differed. Both species also preferred horizontal substrates; however, during food scarcity, red-bellied lemurs used terminal branches more often while feeding than rufous lemurs. In addition, red-bellied lemurs used the lower middle story forest and rested in taller, upper canopy trees more often than rufous lemurs. Differences in activity and habitat use patterns between lemur species were more related to seasonal changes in food availability than overall differences in group size. These behavioral patterns may represent different strategies used by each lemur species to avoid directly competing for similar resources during times of food scarcity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The relative binding of calcium and strontium with serum proteins and other substances.

Sera from various mammalian species, solutions of various fractions of serum proteins, and solutions of certain other substances were tested by ultrafiltration in the presence of Ca⁴⁵ and Sr⁶⁵ for their binding of Ca, and Sr. For 6 species, human, dog, horse, cow, sheep, and rat, the ratio, Ca bound/Sr bound, was 1.29, 1.14, 1.19, 1.15, 1.17, and 1.13, respectively. The absolute degree of binding shown by these species falls into 2 groups. The human, dog, and horse sera bound the 2 ions to a lesser extent, 57% Ca and 47% Sr; cow, sheep, and rat sera bound the ions to a greater extent, 69% Ca and 60% Sr. Ultrafiltration of various serum protein fractions of the human and bovine revealed that fraction V (albumin) showed no difference between the binding of Ca and Sr but differences were noted with the globulin fractions (IV, III, II) that could account for the discrimination observed in whole serum. Results of the ultrafiltration of a variety of other proteins and polyelectrolytes led to the speculation that mucoproteins in the serum globulins could account for the large fiuctuations in binding of both ions by globulin fractions of various species; however, the results did notmore » show any indication of the type of substance or chemical grouping which could account for the slight but persistent discrimination between Ca and Sr that has been observed in whole serum. (auth)« less
Photovoltaic module power rating per IEC 61853–1: A study under natural sunlight

Power rating of photovoltaic modules at seven irradiance and four temperature matrix levels of IEC 61853–1 standard is one of the most important requirements to accurately predict energy production of photovoltaic modules at different climatic conditions. Actual outdoor measurements do not necessarily yield exact values as outlined by the power rating matrix so translation of these values is necessary. The primary objective of this work is to validate, based on outdoor measurements, the translation procedures as delineated in IEC 60891 standard and the bilinear interpolation method developed by NREL. These translation procedures were applied for four different module technologies: Mono-Si, a-Si, CdTe, and CIGS. To obtain data at various irradiance levels, different mesh screens with varying light transmittance were used with known transmittance values. To obtain data at various temperatures, the test module was pre-cooled in an air-conditioned wooden cabinet or an environmental chamber and then a series of current-voltage measurements were carried out under sunlight while the module warmed up naturally. To obtain data at temperatures higher than 45°C, the test module's backsheet was covered with a thermal insulator. The device linearity of all the four modules was determined using IEC 60904–10 procedure. An extensive validation analysis of the four translation procedures indicates that all the four procedures are remarkably accurate within an average error of 3% and RMSE of 4.5%.
PDN-1: A spin-labeled analog of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). Biophysical studies in aqueous, lipophilic, and biological media

Biophysical and biochemical studies on a biradical-labeled analog of Cisplatin, PDN-1, in aqueous, biological, and lipophilic media are presented. The ESR spectra from PDN-1 in aqueous meida show five-line spectra typical of biradicals in which intramolecular spin exchange occurs. The spectrum of PDN-1 in 1-octanol is characterized by three broad lines overlying a fourth line that is approximately three times as wide as the others. Although the characteristics of the aqueous spectra differ substantially from those of the octanol spectra, both the midfield peak height and the integral of the absorption spectrum can be used as a linear measure of PDN-1 concentration in either media. The smallest concentration used in these linear calibrations was equivalent to the detection of 60 femptomoles of PDN-1 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 30. PDN-1 is shown to "decay" in tissue culture medium which involves either the reduction of a nitroxyl moiety, the labilization of an amino bond, or a combination of both. Spectra of intracellular PDN-1 show that both a mobile ("free") fraction and slowly tumbling ("bound") fraction of the compound can be detected within CHO cells. The spin-labeled cisplatin method is at least as sensitive as conventional chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, yet has the added advantage of offering information about the molecular environment of the complex.
Imagining the Future: Thoughts on Computing

New and compelling ideas are transforming the future of computing, bringing about a plethora of changes that have significant implications for our profession and our society and raising some profound technical questions. This Web extra video interview features Dan Reed of Microsoft giving us a sense of how new cloud architectures and cloud capabilities will begin to move computer science education, research, and thinking in whole new directions.
On the determination of galactosamine-uronic acid

Abstract A procedure for measuring galactosamine-uronic acid was developed by modifying the Levvy-McAllan (10) colorimetric procedures for free hexosamines. The modification developed included a lower tetraborate concentration and a longer alkaline heating period. A shorter N -acetylation period is required than used by Roseman and Daffner (9). With these changes, glucosamine gave twice the color yield as in the original Levvy-McAllan method. Galactosamine-uronic acid, which gave negligible color by the original procedure, yielded 50% glucosamine color in the present modification.
Analysis of three-dimensional proximity effect in electron-beam lithography

In most of the proximity effect correction schemes, a two-dimensional model of proximity effect is employed by ignoring or averaging the variation of exposure along the depth dimension in the resist. However, as the feature size continues to decrease, the relative variation becomes significant so that it may need to be taken into account in proximity effect correction. In this study, the three-dimensional (3-D) proximity effect is analyzed in detail through computer simulation as a first step toward developing a 3-D proximity effect correction scheme. Effects of the parameters such as beam energy, resist thickness, feature size, developing threshold, etc., on the 3-D spatial distribution of exposure in the resist, in particular, depth-dependent proximity effect, are considered in the analysis. Results from the extensive simulation are presented in this paper.
Severe myelosuppression from piperazinedione, (NSC # 135758), cyclophosphamide plus dimethyl triazeno‐imidazole carboxamide (DTIC)

In order to determine whether piperazinedione used in low doses in combination with cyclophosphamide plus dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) produced variable or severe myelosuppression, a Phase I Study was performed in 10 patients who received 16 courses of the three-drug combination. Although mild myelosuppression was consistently observed at doses of 4 mg piperazinedione, 400 mg cyclophosphamide, plus 400 mg DTIC, variable, severe, and prolonged myelosuppression was seen in three of six patients who received a dose of each of the drugs only 25% higher. The only other abnormality observed was nausea and vomiting. This study indicates that low doses of piperazinedione can produce variable and severe myelosuppression when used in combination with other myelosuppressive agents, and that only small increments in dosage may produce marked increases in the degree of myelosuppression. Future combination chemotherapy regimens employing piperazinedione should undergo cautious Phase I toxicity testing to avoid severe depression of blood counts.
ON THE ELASTICITY OF THE REAL PROPERTY TAX

IN HIS ESTIMATES OF the financial resources of state and local governments for the decade of the 1960's, Netzer assumes that the income elasticity of the property tax is unity.' Criticism has been directed against this assumption since it is considerably higher than the widely accepted value of elasticity of 0.22, derived by Groves and Kahn.2 The wide difference in 'the magnitude of the estimates, however, arises largely from the use of market value of taxable property to measure elasticity by Netzer as against assessed value by Groves and Kahn. Unfortunately, there are no adequate historical time series of the market value of taxable property available to verify the validity of Netzer's assumptions. Netzer bases his estimates on figures derived by bringing forward Goldsmith's estimates for residential non-farm real estate and on Department of Agriculture data for farm property. In addition, Mushkin3 has examined the income elasticity of the property tax base (full market value) in five states that have initiated market sales-ratio or appraisal studies for equalization purposes. The state data, however, are not completely satisfactory because they are of uneven quality over time-the more recent data being more accurate. Therefore, estimates reflect in part changes in the accuracy of measurement, in addition to elasticity. The author of this note has estimated, for the year 1956, in connection with another study,4 the full value of locally assessed
Physical analysis of atom-symmetric top collisions

Abstract Presented is a study of the general features of rotationally inelastic atom-symmetric top collision systems. This was made possible by employing a newly-developed exponential distorted wave procedure to calculate cross sections rapidly and accurately. It is demonstrated that consideration of the symmetry properties of symmetric tops leads to a reduction in the dimensionality of scattering equations and significant labor savings. Physical trends observed in cross sections and rate constants are shown to be understandable in terms of energetic and coupling concepts.
Blunted erythropoietin response to anemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

Background It is known that patients with renal failure have normochromic normocytic anemia due to impaired endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis. The aim of this work was to determine whether low serum erythropoietin (s-EPO) levels play a role in the pathogenesis of anemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes without overt nephropathy. Methods We included in the study 13 patients with Type 1 diabetes whose Hb levels were <11 g/dl. Blood cell count, s-EPO, urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate, serum iron, serum ferritin, the presence of neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy were determined. Results Ten out of 13 patients with anemia (77%) had a blunted EPO response to anemia. All ten patients with low EPO levels had autonomic neuropathy; five had clinical nephropathy but with serum creatinine<1.6 mg/dl. Three patients were treated with rHuEPO and showed an improvement in their anemia after treatment. Conclusion The majority of patients with Type 1 diabetes who had anemia also had low EPO levels. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is probably multifactorial. Autonomic neuropathy appears to play a role, but it is not sufficient, per se, to be the only cause. Dysautonomia might enhance the effect of renal damage. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian approach to multi-source forest area estimation

In efforts such as land use change monitoring, carbon budgeting, and forecasting ecological conditions and timber supply, there is increasing demand for regional and national data layers depicting forest cover. These data layers must permit small area estimates of forest area and, most importantly, provide associated error estimates. This paper presents a model-based approach for coupling mid-resolution satellite imagery with plot-based forest inventory data to produce estimates of probability of forest and associated error at the pixel-level. The proposed Bayesian hierarchical model provides access to each pixel’s posterior predictive distribution allowing for a highly flexible analysis of pixel and multi-pixel areas of interest. The paper presents a trial using multiple dates of Landsat imagery and USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plot data. The results describe the spatial dependence structure within the trial site, provide pixel and multi-pixel summaries of probability of forest land use, and explore discretization schemes of the posterior predictive distributions to forest and non-forest classes. Model prediction results of a holdout set analysis suggest the proposed model provides high classification accuracy, 88%, for the trial site.
Introducing the Lifetime Exercise and Physical Activity Service-Learning (LE PAS) Program

(2008). Introducing the Lifetime Exercise and Physical Activity Service-Learning (LE PAS) Program. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 18-35.
Restoration of aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) responsiveness in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells by transient expression of the estrogen receptor

MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells express the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor; however, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) does not induce CYP1A1 gene expression or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in cells transiently transfected with pRNH11c, and Ah-responsive plasmid derived from the 5'-flanking region of the human CYP1A1 gene. However, when MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 10 nM TCDD and co-transfected with pRHN11c and a human estrogen receptor (hER) expression plasmid (delta hER), there was approximately a 10-fold increase in CAT activity. The restoration of Ah-responsiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells by expression of nuclear hER was highly specific since parallel studies in which plasmids that express the progesterone receptor and Jun nuclear proteins did not restore Ah-responsiveness to this cell line. Moreover, in cells transiently transfected with the pRNH11c and delta hER plasmids and 10 nM TCDD, overexpression of the Jun protein inhibited the effects of the hER on Ah-responsiveness. Plasmids that express truncated forms of the hER were also active in MDA-MB-231 cells but were not as effective as the complete hER. These studies reveal a unique function for the ER in MDA-MB-231 cells in which expression of this protein results in restoration of Ah-responsiveness.
Offering Preservice Teachers Field Experiences in K-12 Online Learning: A National Survey of Teacher Education Programs

Enrollment in K-12 online learning is growing at an exponential rate throughout the United States. Currently, all 50 states offer K-12 online learning opportunities. Some states such as Michigan, A...
Stage II papillary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina during observation in a Diethylstilbestrol-exposed daughter

Although many cases of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)-associated clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the cervix and vagina have occurred, few have arisen in patients whose initial gynecologic evaluation has revealed only nonmalignant DES-related changes. We report a case of a 32-year-old lady who developed a stage II CCA after 8 years of thorough gynecologic examinations. This case substantiates the need for long-term gynecologic assessment in DES daughters.
Developing A New Job Classification With In-House Radiological Engineering: The Radiologic Electronic Specialist

In the past two decades, new radiographic devices enhanced by advanced space age electro-mechanical engineering, i.e., automated x-ray generators, examination tables, automatic collimators, high speed patient to radiologist film transports, highly sophisticated closed-circuit television systems, disc and tape storage of x-ray produced video images, and others continue to come off the manufacturer's drawing board and into radiological departments daily. This new technology intensifies a longstanding and rapidly growing problem the severe shortage of trained and qualified professional radiological engineers. Equipment manufacturers and their representatives have been hard pressed to provide competent service to this ever increasing demand. Recognizing the enlarging dimension of the problem, the Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, in March of 1970, took two giant steps first, the establishment of an in-house radiological engineering staff and second, the development of a two year training program for Radiologic Electronic Specialists. Class number eight has convened with their studies commencing on August 1, 1977.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cellular mechanisms of epilepsy and potential new treatment strategies.

Summary: Over the last 15 years, neurobiologists have begun to unravel the cellular mechanisms that underlie epileptiform activity. Such investigations have two main objectives: (I) to develop new methods for treating, “curing” or preventing epilepsy; and (2) to learn more about the normal functioning of the human brain at the cellular/ molecular and the neurological/psychological levels by analyzing abnormal brain functioning. The electroencephalogram (EEG) spike is a marker for the hyperexcitable cortex and arises in or near an area with a high epileptogenic potential. The depolarizing shift (DS) that underlies the interictal discharge (ID) appears to be generated by a combination of excitatory synaptic currents and intrinsic voltagedependent membrane currents. The hyperpolarization that follows the DS (post-DS HP) limits ID duration, determines ID frequency, and prevents ID deterioration into seizures. The disappearance of the post-DS HP in some models is related to the onset of seizures and the spread of epileptifonn activity. During the transition to seizures, the usually self-limited ID spreads in time and anatomical space. Several processes may intervene in the pathophysioogical dysfunction. These include enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition, dampening NMDA-mediated excitability, interfering with specific Ca2+ currents in central neurons, and perhaps stimulating “gating” pathways.