cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of anterior hypothalamic deafferentation and arcuate nucleus lesions on the feedback actions of estradiol benzoate on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the female hamster.

This investigation studied theeffectsof anterior hypothalamic deafferentation (EFC), a monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced lesion of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), or a combination of these two procedures on the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LU) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in the chronically ovariectomized hamster given estradiol benzoate (EB) or oil. MSG-treated or control animals were ovariectomized and subjected to EFC or sham deafferentation (SFC) at 2-3 months of age. Three weeks later, animals were given a single injection of 50 �ig of EB or oil and the inhibitory and stimulatory actions of EB were determined by measuring LH and FSH by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of plasma obtained at 0900 h (AM) and 1600 h (PM) 3 days later. The tonic secretion of LH in SFC hamsters given oil was significantly reduced by EFC or MSG-induced lesions of the ARC. EFC in combination with these lesions did not further reduce LH levels in these animals. EB suppressed AM levels of LU in SFC animals and induced a PM surge which was prevented by EFC. Although EB did not further suppress AM levels of LH in the MSGtreated animals, a PM elevation was apparent and was prevented by EFC. In contrast to oil-treated animals, MSG-treated hamsters with EFC and given EB had significantly reduced levels of LH in both the AM and PM when compared to all other treatment groups. In contrast to LH, plasma FSH levels were not altered by EFC in control animals given oil, whereas FSH was reduced in MSG-treated animals with or without EFC. EB did not suppress AM levels of FSH in either control or MSG-treated animals, but did induce a significant surge of FSH in the PM in both groups of animals that was prevented by EFC. These results suggest that in the ovariectomized hamster, the ARC and anterior hypothalamus (AH) act as a functional unit in regulating the tonic secretion of LH, whereas the AH has little role in regulating tonic FSH secretion. The results also confirm previous reports suggesting that the ARC is involved in the tonic regulation of FSH secretion and that the AH is necessary for the stimulatory effects of estrogen on gonadotropin secretion.
Design and characterization of helical peptides that inhibit the E6 protein of papillomavirus.

The E6 protein from HPV type 16 binds proteins containing a seven-residue leucine-containing motif. Previous work demonstrated that peptides containing the consensus sequence are a mixture of α-helix and unstructured conformations. To design monomeric E6-binding peptides that are stable in aqueous solution, we used a protein grafting approach where the critical residues of the E6-binding motif of E6-associated protein, E6AP, LQELLGE, were incorporated into exposed helices of two stably folded peptide scaffolds. One series was built using the third zinc finger of the Sp1 protein, which contains a C-terminal helix. A second series was built using a Trp-cage scaffold, which contains an N-terminal helix. The chimeric peptides had very different activities in out-competing the E6−E6AP interaction. We characterized the peptides by circular dichroism spectroscopy and determined high-resolution structures by NMR methods. The E6-binding consensus motif was found to be helical in the high-quality structures, which ...
Transmission of Ranavirus between Ectothermic Vertebrate Hosts

Transmission is an essential process that contributes to the survival of pathogens. Ranaviruses are known to infect different classes of lower vertebrates including amphibians, fishes and reptiles. Differences in the likelihood of infection among ectothermic vertebrate hosts could explain the successful yearlong persistence of ranaviruses in aquatic environments. The goal of this study was to determine if transmission of a Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like ranavirus was possible among three species from different ectothermic vertebrate classes: Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) larvae, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), and red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). We housed individuals previously exposed to the FV3-like ranavirus with nao ¨ve (unexposed) individuals in containers divided by plastic mesh screen to permit water flow between subjects. Our results showed that infected gray treefrog larvae were capable of transmitting ranavirus to nao ¨ve larval conspecifics and turtles (60% and 30% infection, respectively), but not to fish. Also, infected turtles and fish transmitted ranavirus to 50% and 10% of the nao ¨ve gray treefrog larvae, respectively. Nearly all infected amphibians experienced mortality, whereas infected turtles and fish did not die. Our results demonstrate that ranavirus can be transmitted through water among ectothermic vertebrate classes, which has not been reported previously. Moreover, fish and reptiles might serve as reservoirs for ranavirus given their ability to live with subclinical infections. Subclinical infections of ranavirus in fish and aquatic turtles could contribute to the pathogen’s persistence, especially when highly susceptible hosts like amphibians are absent as a result of seasonal fluctuations in relative abundance.
A Comparison of Imputation Strategies for Ordinal Missing Data on Likert Scale Variables

This article compares a variety of imputation strategies for ordinal missing data on Likert scale variables (number of categories = 2, 3, 5, or 7) in recovering reliability coefficients, mean scale scores, and regression coefficients of predicting one scale score from another. The examined strategies include imputing using normal data models with naive rounding/without rounding, using latent variable models, and using categorical data models such as discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression (for dichotomous data only), multinomial and proportional odds logistic regression (for polytomous data only). The result suggests that both the normal model approach without rounding and the latent variable model approach perform well for either dichotomous or polytomous data regardless of sample size, missing data proportion, and asymmetry of item distributions. The discriminant analysis approach also performs well for dichotomous data. Naively rounding normal imputations or using logistic regression models to impute ordinal data are not recommended as they can potentially lead to substantial bias in all or some of the parameters.
Adaptive fuzzy control of switched objective functions in pursuit-evasion scenarios

In recent efforts, the authors have derived simple switched control schemes that qualitatively yield an attractive performance in two player pursuit-evasion games. A drawback of these methods is that detailed knowledge of an opponent's dynamics and strategy is required to implement the switching controller. Furthermore, an objective evaluated over a finite horizon may not guide an agent to the target set. To circumvent this potential shortcoming, a switching scheme is proposed where an adaptive fuzzy controller chooses the best objective function from a predefined library to increase the agent's reachability. The methodology we present builds on the common approximate dynamic programming reinforcement learning technique. We give conditions for showing when the controller is applicable and give an implementation example with the Homicidal Chauffeur problem.
GPS Geodesy: A Status Report

Accuracies of a centimeter or better in earth baseline measurements are crucial for many investigations in crustal dynamics. This implies measurement accuracies of the order of a few parts in 108 of baseline length for regional geodesy. In recent years, techniques exploiting the Global Positioning System (GPS) have advanced rapidly toward this accuracy goal. The latest GPS techniques developed at JPL have resulted in centimeter-level agreement with independent measurements made by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for baselines up to 2000 km in length. Techniques that have shown promise for GPS-based geodesy include: (1) carrier phase ambiguity resolution, (2) multi-day GPS orbit determination, (3) stochastic estimation of the zenith tropospheric delay, and (4) simultaneous use of carrier phase and pseudorange. The order of importance depends upon the scale of the network, and the approaches are often synergistic. For example, ambiguity resolution can depend upon the ability of the other techniques to improve precision. These results have been acheived despite a partial GPS constellation, regional tracking only, and pseudorange data plagued by multipath. A full GPS constellation and a permanent global tracking network will be in place in the early 1990’s, and a new receiver/antenna prototype at JPL is now producing smoothed pseudorange observables accurate to better than 5 cm.
Subglacial discharge at tidewater glaciers revealed by seismic tremor

Subglacial discharge influences glacier basal motion and erodes and redeposits sediment. At tidewater glacier termini, discharge drives submarine terminus melting, affects fjord circulation, and is a central component of proglacial marine ecosystems. However, our present inability to track subglacial discharge and its variability significantly hinders our understanding of these processes. Here we report observations of hourly to seasonal variations in 1.5-10 Hz seismic tremor that strongly correlate with subglacial discharge but not with basal motion, weather, or discrete icequakes. Our data demonstrate that vigorous discharge occurs from tidewater glaciers during summer, in spite of fast basal motion that could limit the formation of subglacial conduits, and then abates during winter. Furthermore, tremor observations and a melt model demonstrate that drainage efficiency of tidewater glaciers evolves seasonally. Glaciohydraulic tremor provides a means by which to quantify subglacial discharge variations and offers a promising window into otherwise obscured glacierized environments.
Chromium(III) tris(picolinate) is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Abstract Chromium trispicolinate (CrPic) is a popular dietary supplement that is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. We are using this compound as a bio-available model to explore the role of Cr(III) in Cr(VI)-induced cancers. The ability of CrPic to cause mutations at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus of CHO AA8 cells has been measured after a 48 h exposure. The highest dose tested was 80 μg/cm2 CrPic, which, if fully soluble, would be equivalent to 1 mM or 0.44 mg/ml CrPic, and would correspond to 1 mM Cr(III) or 52 μg/ml Cr(III). This exposure resulted in 68±16% cell survival based on 48 h cell counts, and 24±11% survival by 7-day colony formation. Exposure of CHO cells to CrPic produced a statistically significant increase in 6-thioguanine (6-TG)-resistant cells over the dose range tested. The 80 μg/cm2 CrPic exposure resulted in an average induced mutation frequency (MF) of 58 per 106 surviving cells, or an average 40-fold increase in hprt mutants relative to untreated cells. An equivalent dose of 3 mM Pic was highly cytotoxic and did not yield hprt mutants. The dose range of 0.375–1.5 mM Pic produced a slight increase in hprt mutants, but the increase was not statistically significant. An equivalent dose of 1 mM chromic chloride yielded an induced MF of 9 per 106 surviving cells, or a 10-fold increase in mutants with cell survivals of >100%. The coordination of Cr(III) with picolinic acid may make the metal more genotoxic than other forms of Cr(III). In light of the current results and the known ability of Cr(III) and CrPic to accumulate in tissues, as well as the growing evidence of Cr(III) involvement in Cr(VI)-induced cancers, we caution against ingestion of large doses of CrPic for extended periods.
Comparison of the 1-14C-Glucose Metabolism between Red Blood Cells of Germfree and Pathogen-Free Rats on Riboflavin and Thiamine Deficient Diets

We have shown that various riboflavin compounds stimulate the pentose phosphate pathway of intact and hemolysed human red blood cells (1). This was demonstrated by measuring the amount of radioactive carbon dioxide (14CO2) produced from glucose with the radioactivity on the first carbon (1-14C-glucose). In addition, data obtained from red blood cells of normal human volunteers on a thiamine-deficient diet showed a marked decrease in 14CO2 production during the deficiency period. Thus, during the course of studies on riboflavin (2) and thiamine nutrition in male germfree (GF) and male pathogen-free (PF) rats, red blood cells (RBCs) of these animals were obtained at various periods of the dietary regimen and the 1-14C-glucose metabolism of these rodent RBCs was compared.
A Comparison of Symbolic Racism Theory and Social Dominance Theory as Explanations for Racial Policy Attitudes

Abstract Symbolic racism and social dominance theories were compared by reanalysis of data from a national probability sample of 234 White Americans and by using observed-variables, structural equation models. Contrary to the conclusions reached by Jessor (1989), the results did not support the major contentions of symbolic racism theory; rather, they seemed more consistent with the assumptions of social dominance theory. The possibility that symbolic racism serves as an important legitimizing myth in American society is discussed.
Rapid Wireless Capacitor Charging Using a Multi-Tapped Inductively-Coupled Secondary Coil

This paper presents an inductive coupling system designed to wirelessly charge ultra-capacitors used as energy storage elements. Although ultra-capacitors offer the native ability to rapidly charge, it is shown that standard inductive coupling circuits only deliver maximal power for a specific load impedance which depends on coil geometries and separation distances. Since a charging ultra-capacitor can be modeled as an increasing instantaneous impedance, maximum power is thus delivered to the ultra-capacitor at only a single point in the charging interval, resulting in a longer than optimal charging time. Analysis of inductive coupling theory reveals that the optimal load impedance can be modified by adjusting the secondary coil inductance and resonant tuning capacitance. A three-tap secondary coil is proposed to dynamically modify the optimal load impedance throughout the capacitor charging interval. Measurement results show that the proposed architecture can expand its operational range by up to 2.5 × and charge a 2.5 F ultra-capacitor to 5 V upwards of 3.7 × faster than a conventional architecture.
Policy Debates Analysis of US Economic Development Administration Expenditure Patterns over 30 Years

Glasmeier A. and Wood L. (2005) Analysis of US economic development administration expenditure patterns over 30 years, Regional Studies 39 , 1261–1274. Many of the classic regional development programmes have been criticized for being ineffective and failing to meet their intended goals. A fact that is often overlooked in such assessments is that policy programmes are living entities that unfold in history. As a result, their efficacy is contingent. The US Economic Development Administration provides an excellent case study for exploring the challenges facing policies designed to reconcile inequality either between individuals or across locations. The history of the agency presents a cautionary tale of the prospects and pitfalls associated with policy interventions that are pulled in opposing directions: improve conditions for distressed locations but without providing the resources necessary to accomplish the task and legitimize the overall effort by setting the designation criteria so loosely that almos...
Clinical Decision Support: History and Basic Concepts

From the earliest implementations of electronic health records (EHR,) clinical decision support (CDS) has been seen as a key benefit of the move to computerization. This chapter will review many of the advances in EHR-based CDS, but will also note where CDS has not yet fully lived up to its promise. Included in this chapter’s overview are: the various types of CDS (patient safety, clinical reminders, guidance towards best practice, etc.); the main approaches used for encoding of the clinical knowledge that drives CDS (scripts, rules, guidelines, algorithms, etc.); the different technologies currently used to manage and deliver CDS advice (Arden MLM, expert systems, etc.); as well as aspects of clinicians’ user experience of the clinicians who interact with the CDS (alert fatigue, etc.). Understanding where we have come from can help set the stage for the innovations that will be needed to deliver on CDS’s full potential, which will be the focus of Chapter 28.
An Unusual Case of Rickets and How Whole Exome Sequencing Helped to Correct a Diagnosis

ABSTRACT Objective: Rickets can be caused by a wide variety of underlying nutritional deficiencies or genetic defects. There is significant overlap in the clinical presentations of the various forms of rickets and the risk for misdiagnosis is great. This report describes a diagnostically challenging case of rickets that highlights important differences between two forms of rickets and demonstrates how gene sequencing technology can be instrumental in the identification and further characterization of these diseases. Methods: A patient diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) as a toddler did not develop many of the classic clinical features of this disease over time, calling the diagnosis into question. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in this setting to determine the genetic basis of disease. Results: WES revealed that the patient did not have any mutations associated with XLH and instead was a compound heterozygote for 2 frameshift mutations in CYP27B1, leading to a revised diagnosis of ...
Round Three: Equal Protection as a Threat to Title VII's Disparate Impact Standard

The relationship between equal protection and disparate impact has been at the center of two constitutional controversies. In the first one, courts and commentators asked whether equal protection entailed a judicially enforceable disparate impact standard. Washington v. Davis answered that question, limiting self-executing equal protection to intentional discrimination and confining impact standards to the realm of statutes. More recently, developments since City of Boerne v. Flores have provoked a second round of evaluating the relationship between equal protection and disparate impact. This time, the question is whether statutes prohibiting disparate impact can be means of enforcing equal protection, and therefore valid as Section Five legislation, despite Davis's rule that judicially enforced equal protection does not entail a disparate impact standard. This Article looks ahead to a third round. Given recent developments in cases construing equal protection, and in particular those cases limiting the scope of affirmative action, it is possible that equal protection will be interpreted to prohibit the passage of antidiscrimination statutes that use impact-based standards. Such a development could invalidate elements of several federal statutes, notably but not exclusively Title VII, as well as antidiscrimination statutes in at least twenty-four states. The Article focuses on Title VII. It shows how four different concerns of equal protection doctrine - racial classifications, legislative motive, individualism, and expressive harm - could bear on and endanger Title VII's disparate impact provisions. The ultimate aim of the Article is to show how those provisions could survive an equal protection attack, though acknowledging that such survival is not guaranteed. But the Article also highlights some of the costs that saving disparate impact doctrine might entail. The disparate impact doctrine could probably be saved if it were interpreted to be merely a means of smoking out hidden intentional discrimination but such a move might sacrifice much of what makes the doctrine worth saving, i.e., its orientation toward the history of discrimination that causes good-faith acts in the present to perpetuate existing racial hierarchies. The Article therefore tries to identify ways in which disparate impact doctrine could survive without giving up its orientation toward redressing hierarchies that result from past discrimination.
CONVERGENCE AND THE FORMATION OF AFRIKAANS

As a phenomenon to be explained, convergence in historical linguistics is substantively no different than in creolistics. The general idea is that accommodation by speakers of “established” languages in contact and the formation of new language varieties both involve a process of leveling of different structures that achieve the same referential and nonreferential effects. The relatively short and well-documented history of Afrikaans presents an important case study in the competition and selection of linguistic features during intensive language contact.
Basic Biochemistry and Control of Production of Cyclic Amp

In 1957, Rall, Sutherland, and Berthet, [1] reporting the effects of epinephrine and glucagon on phosphorylase activation in liver homogenates, stated that: ‘... the response of the homogenates to the hormones occurred in two stages. In the first stage, a particulate fraction of homogenates produced a heat-stable factor in the presence of hormones; in the second stage, this factor stimulated the formation of liver phosphorylase in supernatant fractions of homogenates in which the hormones themselves were inactive.’
Education for Sustainable Development in Further Education: A Reality Check

If we accept that Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a necessary part of the further education (FE) curriculum, then the impact of this may be explored. The context of FE will be outlined and the views of students, teachers and employers explored. Although there is much good work, there are limited signs that ESD in FE is having a constructive effect on students and the workplace. The ensuing analysis responds by considering how ESD in FE could more effectively translate into benefits in the workplace, calling for systematic research to evaluate impact; working with schools, higher education and industry to develop a more joined-up, effective ESD curriculum; and nurturing social enterprises as part of broader entrepreneurial initiatives to embed sustainability in the economy.
Effects of a Savoring Intervention on Resilience and Well-Being of Older Adults.

Savoring is the ability to be mindful of positive experiences and to be aware of and regulate positive feelings about these experiences. Previous research has found that savoring interventions can be effective at improving well-being of younger adults, but findings have not been extended to older populations. This pilot study examined the effects of a 1-week savoring intervention on older adults’ psychological resilience and well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and happiness). Participants, 111 adults ages 60 or over, completed measures of resilience, depressive symptoms, and happiness pre- and postintervention as well as 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. Analyses revealed that participants who completed the savoring intervention with high fidelity also reported improvements in resilience, depressive symptoms, and happiness over time. These findings suggest that the savoring intervention has the potential to enhance older adults’ resilience and psychological well-being.
Validation of the 2016 Revision to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Diploid Karyotype

Introduction: The revised 2016 WHO classification of MDS has highlighted the value of morphologic evaluation and mutation analysis of bone marrow (BM)/ peripheral blood (PB) to further refine prognostication. These highlights include: (1) increased emphasis on lineage dysplasia compared with cytopenias; (2) objective enumeration of blast % for reproducibility; (3) accurate quantification of ring sideroblasts (RS); and (4) mutation analysis for SF3B1 in cases showing RS >5% and TP53 in MDS with isolated del(5q). Most of the proposed changes are within the categories of low-grade MDS. In this study, we evaluated 264 cases of MDS with diploid karyotype using the 2016 WHO system. Methods: We selected consecutive cases of MDS with diploid karyotype with BM morphological evidence of dysplasia and reclassified using the 2016 WHO system. Mutation analysis for SF3B1 (exons 14 and 15), SRSF2 (exon 1) and U2AF1 (exons 2 and 6) was performed using Sanger sequencing. Patient data were collected from the medical record. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS and time-to-AML transformation. The associations between outcome and clinical and pathological parameters were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The study group included 264 MDS patients: 168 (64%) men and 96 (36%) women with a median age of 66.9 years (range, 28.3 - 89.1). The median hemoglobin, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count, and white blood cell (WBC) count were 10.0 g/dL, 1.9 x 109/L, 114.5 x 109/L, and 3.5 x 109/L, respectively. The median BM blast percentage was 2.5; 74% of the patients had 5% RS showed SF3B1 mutations in 4 cases and 1 case each with SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations. Over a median follow-up duration of 22.4 months (range, 0-156.8), 128 (48%) patients died. The median OS was 46.1 months (95% CI: 32.3, 58.4). Patients categorized as MDS-SLD by 2016 WHO had the best OS (156.8 months), followed by MDS-RS (58.7 months), MDS-MLD (46.3 months) and MDS-EB (21.2 months) (p Conclusions: Morphological evaluation of BM/PB (for dysplasia, % BM blasts and RS) provides additional prognostic value and continues to be a critical component for evaluation of MDS patients. Molecular studies for splicing factor mutations are ongoing on all samples with >1% RS. Disclosures Jabbour:ARIAD: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy.
The sparse structure of natural chemical environments

Sparse representations, in which sources are represented by neural ensembles with small average activity ratios, have many desirable properties including ease of learning, the capacity for generalization, and noise resistance. All of these are characteristic of the biological olfactory system, despite activity patterns across receptor arrays often being highly non-sparse. This is possible because the underlying chemosensory data are “signal sparse” — a distinct property, dependent on environmental statistics, that enables sparse coding algorithms to construct representational sparseness in subsequent processing layers. Whereas this can be accomplished by simple rotation in some systems, chemosensory sparse coding requires curvature in the isoresponse surfaces for each neuron owing to the diversity of chemical sources (overcompleteness). We propose that this functional curvature arises from statistical learning processes instantiated in plastic networks of the early olfactory system. Using models of the chemosensory environment, we illustrate the application of sparse coding algorithms to the analysis of chemical signals.
Housing prices, stock prices and the US economy

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the relationship between housing prices, stock prices, interest rates and aggregate output in the US using monthly data from 1993 to 2014. Evidence from causality tests and a variance decomposition procedure suggest that stock prices have a much larger effect on aggregate output in the US economy than do either housing prices or interest rates. Instead, the wealth effect created by changes in stock prices has a relatively large impact on US aggregate output. Separate estimations and variance decompositions for the sample periods 1993–2001, 2002–2008 and 2009–2014 show that the impact of housing prices relative to stock prices has been waning over time.
Language-based personality: a new approach to personality in a digital world

Personality is typically defined as the consistent set of traits, attitudes, emotions, and behaviors that people have. For several decades, a majority of researchers have tacitly agreed that the gold standard for measuring personality was with self-report questionnaires. Surveys are fast, inexpensive, and display beautiful psychometric properties. A considerable problem with this method, however, is that self-reports reflect only one aspect of personality — people's explicit theories of what they think they are like. We propose a complementary model that draws on a big data solution: the analysis of the words people use. Language use is relatively reliable over time, internally consistent, and differs considerably between people. Language-based measures of personality can be useful for capturing/modeling lower-level personality processes that are more closely associated with important objective behavioral outcomes than traditional personality measures. Additionally, the increasing availability of language data and advances in both statistical methods and technological power are rapidly creating new opportunities for the study of personality at ‘big data’ scale. Such opportunities allow researchers to not only better understand the fundamental nature of personality, but at a scale never before imagined in psychological research.
Breaking Barriers: Women’s Experiences of CrossFit Training During Pregnancy

CrossFit is a form of resistance training characterized by constantly varied, weight-training, gymnastic, and body weight movements. While resistance training is a popular exercise option among pre...
The Holy Cabala of Changes: Jacob Böhme and Jewish Esotericism

This study examines affinities between kabbalah and Bohme’s theosophy. There are hints in Bohme’s writings of an awareness of the esoteric dimension of Judaism, regarding the mystical-magical power of the name. For Bohme, the Tetragrammaton signifies the efflux of the Word, which through Wisdom, facilitates the transition from infinite unity to finite multiplicity. The aspect of Bohme’s incarnational theosophy most indebted to the kabbalah concerns the role of the imagination as the faculty wherein the body of God is reflected as the anthropos in the sophianic mirror of nature. Bohme’s speculation on the seven properties parallels what kabbalists aver regarding the ten sefirotic potencies that collectively disclose the hidden essence of the infinite in the attributes of lovingkindness on the right and judgment on the left of the Tree of Life. Finally, the study assesses the conceptual correspondence between the desire of the Ungrund in Bohme and the jouissance of the kabbalistic Ein Sof .
Regulating Decision Effects of Legally Sufficient Jury Instructions

The essay is in large part a response to the Supreme Court's recent decision in Weeks v. Angelone as well as a response to two recent empirical studies in law reviews addressing issues of ineffective jury instructions. I use these three sources to address a long-standing problem that empirical research in recent years has made quite clear: jury instructions can have unintended consequences that undermine their purpose even when their language is formally accurate. Jurors misinterpret charges, sometimes to the point of applying an understanding that contradicts the instruction, despite the fact that courts have approved the instructions as legally sufficient. Yet, as Weeks shows, prevailing standards of review ignore this problem. The typical scholarly response is represented in these two (very good) recent articles: researchers gather empirical evidence of juror misunderstanding and urge courts to adopt a better, clearer instruction. This essay proposes instead a two-pronged systemic response that would improve the evolution and development of criminal instructions. It argues for (1) building on established but under-utilized standards of review that stress juror understanding and (2) adopting a new criminal procedure rule requiring trial judges to use the defendant's suggested instruction in a critical subset of jury charges. The essay defends these ideas-and situates the two recent studies-in the larger context of recent scholarship building on cognitive science and behavioral theory.
Sensory Processing of Key Stimuli

The concept of a “key stimulus” is traditionally identified with releasers of behavioral responses analogous to that involving a lock and key. If the key fits, then, when it is applied, it will “unlock” the mechanisms and a particular behavior will occur. In other words, the response is predictable and is either genetically determined or shaped by experience — namely innate compared to acquired releasing mechanisms. The “key stimulus” presumably activates a particular chain or population of sensory neurons which in turn somehow leads to the activation of an appropriate population of motorneurons, giving rise to the predicted, stereotyped behavioral output.
Game semantics for the Geiger-Paz-pearl axioms of independence

The paper analyzes interdependencies between strategies of players in a Nash equilibrium using independence relation between two sets of players. A sound and complete axiomatization of this relation is given. It has been shown previously that the same axiomatic system describes independence in probability theory, information flow, and concurrency theory.
City of Dreams: Dodger Stadium and the birth of modern Los Angeles

The Los Angeles Dodgers and Dodger Stadium are quintessential tenets of modern day Los Angeles. The journey to relocate the Brooklyn Dodgers and construct the privately funded stadium by Walter O'M...
Associations between emotional symptoms and self-reported aberrant driving behaviors in older adults.

Abstract Objective To examine associations between internalizing symptoms and self-reported aberrant driving behaviors in a large sample (n = 341) of older adults (mean age = 62.6 years, SD = 4.8). Design Cross-sectional survey. Results Multiple regression analyses revealed that greater symptoms of emotional distress (i.e., higher scores on the Expanded Version of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) emotional distress composite) were associated with greater aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., higher scores on the Driving Behavior Questionnaire). In contrast, neither obsessions/fears nor emotional well-being were associated with greater aberrant driving behaviors. Follow-up regression analyses examining specific IDAS-II subscales revealed that greater suicidality, appetite gain, appetite loss, panic, and ill temper were associated with greater aberrant driving behaviors. Individuals reporting greater suicidality and appetite loss reported greater tendencies to unintentionally commit errors behind the wheel, while individuals reporting greater ill temper and appetite loss reported greater tendencies to intentionally engage in unsafe driving behaviors that may put other drivers in harm’s way. Conclusion Older adults reporting emotional distress may be at risk for engaging in aberrant driving behaviors. In particular, certain symptoms of emotional distress (e.g., suicidality, ill temper) are tied to higher rates of aberrant driving behaviors within this population.
Multidisciplinary in situ simulation to improve emergency obstetric care

Trauma among pregnant women occurs during 1 in 12 pregnancies1 and pregnant trauma patients are twice as likely to die or suffer significant morbidity compared with their non-pregnant counterparts.2 Management of traumatic injuries in the obstetric patient requires a multidisciplinary approach for rapid assessment, treatment and transport to optimise maternal and fetal outcomes. Multidisciplinary team training using simulation for obstetric emergencies can improve clinical skills, teamwork and patient safety.3 Simulation training can also enhance communication among providers that can further increase the efficiency of the emergency response.4 According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on patient safety and quality improvement, simulation training can identify and correct common clinical errors made during emergencies, as well as allow team members to practice effective communication in a crisis.5 Medical simulation is widely utilised in the obstetric and surgical residency curricula at our institution. Additionally, our nursing onboarding involves a significant amount of simulation, as does the ongoing education of the other allied health professions. However, we recognised that our training was occurring in educational silos and sought to improve teamwork, role clarity and the use of protocols among multidisciplinary team members who respond to traumatically injured pregnant patients. We conducted an in situ simulation and debriefing to train our multidisciplinary team on the unique emergency care needs of pregnant trauma patients and to identify latent safety threats (LSTs). We also used the simulation to clarify and evaluate …
Daily measurement of slow slip from low-frequency earthquakes is consistent with ordinary earthquake scaling

Slow slip transients on faults can last from seconds to months and stitch together the earthquake cycle. However, no single geophysical instrument is able to observe the full range of slow slip because of bandwidth limitations. Here, we connect seismic and geodetic data from the Mexican subduction zone to explore an instrumental blind spot. We establish a calibration of the daily median amplitude of the seismically recorded low-frequency earthquakes to the daily geodetically recorded moment rate of previously established slow slip events. This calibration allows us to use the precise evolution of low-frequency earthquake activity to quantitatively measure the moment of smaller, subdaily slip events that are unresolvable by geodesy alone. The resulting inferred slow slip moments scale with duration and inter-event time like ordinary earthquakes. These new quantifications help connect slow and fast events in a broad spectrum of transient slip and suggest that slow slip events behave much like ordinary earthquakes.
Transvaginal Laparoscopic Appendectomy

Video Objective to demonstrate transvaginal lappendectomy at the time of transvaginal laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy Setting patient with early-stage endometrial cancer who was found to have the appendix adherent to the right ovary Interventions after completion of the hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, appendectomy was performed by transvaginal laparoscopy Conclusion this is a safe procedure that can be performed with transvaginal laparoscopy when an incidental appendectomy is required
A low-power implantable neurostimulator for small rodents with functional validation

Research applications in the field of bioelectronic medicine require miniaturized electronics for neurostimulation featuring high precision, long lifetimes, and small size. Existing devices are often limited by the battery capacity, durability of biocompatible packaging, and/or an experimental setup that restricts subject motion. To improve on these limitations, a neurostimulator for chronic implantation in mice was designed using standard off-the-shelf components and experimentally validated acutely in vivo. The device provides single-channel, constant-current monophasic stimulation with passive charge recovery. Magnetic control enables switching between active and electrical/physiological operational validation states. The quiescent current is 1.4 μA and active current is 160 μA with default stimulation parameters (250 μA amplitude, 32 Hz frequency, 100 μs pulse width), allowing the device to be powered by a single 3V lithium cell for up to 147 days with 2 hours of stimulation per day. The implant was packaged using biocompatible epoxy and preliminary accelerated soak testing results indicate a potential functional lifetime of up to 120 days.
Plant Density and Nutrient Availability Constrain Constitutive and Wound-induced Expression of Trypsin Inhibitors in Brassica napus

We investigated the effects of plant density on plant size, leaf total soluble protein content, and constitutive and wound-induced levels of proteinaceous trypsin inhibitors in pot-grown Brassica napus seedlings in two greenhouse studies. We manipulated plant density by varying the number of intraspecific neighbors surrounding a target plant in the center of each pot. In general, constitutive and induced levels of trypsin inhibitors were significantly reduced by competition in a density-dependent manner, to the extent that induction was greatly reduced or abolished in target plants surrounded by six neighbors. To investigate whether the effects of plant density on inhibitor production were mediated by nutrient availability, we manipulated the concentration of a complete fertilizer applied to target plants surrounded by six neighbors in two greenhouse studies. In general, constitutive and wound-induced levels of inhibitors in plants surrounded by six neighbors were increased by nutrient addition in a dose-dependent manner, such that wound-induction was completely restored in competing plants under conditions of high nutrient availability. Leaf total soluble protein content, measured only in the second trial of each experiment, was not affected by any of the treatments. The effects of plant density, nutrient addition, and wounding on inhibitor levels in all experiments were independent of their effecs on above-ground plant size at the time of wounding. Overall, our results suggest that decreasing nutrient availability mediates the density-dependent reductions in inhibitor levels in B. napus seedings.
Comprehensive phenotyping of depression disease trajectory and risk: Rationale and design of Texas Resilience Against Depression study (T-RAD).

Abstract Depression has a chronic and recurrent course often with early onset and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. In contrast to diagnoses for other conditions which rely on precise medical tests, the diagnosis of depression still focuses exclusively on symptom reports. As a result, heterogeneous patient groups are included under broad categories. Furthermore, in the absence of companion diagnostic tests, choosing specific treatments for patients remains imprecise with only one-third of patients entering remission with initial treatment, with others requiring multiple intervention steps to achieve remission. In addition to improving treatment outcomes, disease prevention is essential to reduce overall disease burden. Adolescence is a critical window where complex emotional, social, familial, and biological shifts may predispose to lifelong depression. Thus, personalized medicine, integrating individual variability in genes, brain function, and clinical phenotypes, can offer a comprehensive approach to provide precise diagnosis, novel drug development, optimal treatment assignment, and prevention of illness and its associated burden. Texas Resilience Against Depression study (T-RAD) encompasses two natural history, longitudinal (10 + years), prospective studies (D2K and RAD), each enrolling 2500 participants. The D2K study follows participants (ages 10 years and older) who have a current or past diagnosis of depression or bipolar disorder. The RAD study follows participants aged 10–24 years who are at risk for depression but not yet suffering from the disease. The T-RAD study will help to uncover the socio-demographic, lifestyle, clinical, psychological, and neurobiological factors that contribute to mood disorder onset, recurrence, progression, and differential treatment response.
“Gladiator School: Returning Citizens’ Experiences with Secondary Violence Exposure in Prison”

Prison-based violence exposure is a critical area of study, yet the range of secondary (witnessed) violence experiences among incarcerated persons lacks comprehensive development in the literature....
Toward a Social Psychoanalysis: Culture, Character, and Normative Unconscious Processes

Frantz Fanon, Erich Fromm, Pierre Bourdieu, and Marie Langer are among those activists, clinicians, and academics who have called for a social psychoanalysis. For over thirty years, Lynne Layton has heeded this call and produced a body of work that examines unconscious process as it operates both in the social world and in the clinic. In this volume of Layton’s most important papers, she expands on earlier theorists’ ideas of social character by exploring how dominant ideologies and culturally mandated, hierarchical identity prescriptions are lived in individual and relational conflict. Through clinical and cultural examples, Layton describes how enactments of what she calls ‘normative unconscious processes’ reinforce cultural inequalities of race, sex, gender, and class both inside and outside the clinic, and at individual, interpersonal, and institutional levels. Clinicians, academics, and activists alike will find here a deeper understanding of the power of unconscious process, and are called on to envision and enact a progressive future in which vulnerability and interdependency are honored and systemic inequalities dismantled.
With Ballots and Bullets: Partisanship and Violence in the American Civil War

What happens when partisanship is pushed to its extreme? In With Ballots and Bullets, Nathan P. Kalmoe combines historical and political science approaches to provide new insight into the American Civil War and deepen contemporary understandings of mass partisanship. The book reveals the fundamental role of partisanship in shaping the dynamics and legacies of the Civil War, drawing on an original analysis of newspapers and geo-coded data on voting returns and soldier enlistments, as well as retrospective surveys. Kalmoe shows that partisan identities motivated mass violence by ordinary citizens, not extremists, when activated by leaders and legitimated by the state. Similar processes also enabled partisans to rationalize staggering war casualties into predetermined vote choices, shaping durable political habits and memory after the war's end. Findings explain much about nineteenth century American politics, but the book also yields lessons for today, revealing the latent capacity of political leaders to mobilize violence.
Efficacy of Biologics for Ligamentous and Tendon Healing

The use of “biologics” has become increasingly popular over the past several decades due to their potential to treat various pathologies by providing supraphysiological doses of anabolic growth factors. Within orthopaedic sports medicine, biologic treatments such as platelet-rich plasma and stem cells/progenitor cells are now widely used to treat soft tissue pathologies despite the lack of evidence for many of these therapies. The effects of orthobiologics on tendon and ligament healing has been investigated in various animal models and clinical trials, yet there is still no clear consensus on which biologic treatments, if any, are efficacious. Among the randomized controlled trials for these different biologics, small sample sizes, heterogenous methodology, and highly variable comparator treatments make comparisons between studies difficult and hinder the understanding of each biologic. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise summary of the best evidence for and against various “biologics” that are being used for orthopaedic tendon and ligament pathologies.