cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo photoacoustic potassium imaging of the tumor microenvironment.

The accumulation of potassium (K+) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been recently shown to inhibit immune cell efficacy, and thus immunotherapy. Despite the abundance of K+ in the body, few ways exist to measure it in vivo. To address this technology gap, we combine an optical K+ nanosensor with photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Using multi-wavelength deconvolution, we are able to quantitatively evaluate the TME K+ concentration in vivo, and its distribution. Significantly elevated K+ levels were found in the TME, with an average concentration of approximately 29 mM, compared to 19 mM found in muscle. These PA measurements were confirmed by extraction of the tumor interstitial fluid and subsequent measurement via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Rebutting Folk Psychology’s Critique

We have examined a family of arguments purporting to show that behavioral methods are incapable of giving a valid account of the intentional behavior of normal human adults in the complex settings of everyday life. These arguments may be summarized as follows.
Consultation as policymaking innovation: comparing government transparency and public participation in China and the United States

This article compares government transparency and public participation in policymaking across China and the United States. The analysis specifically focuses on the notice and comment process—govern...
The Figure-of-8 Walk Test used to detect the loss of motor skill in walking among persons with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND The Figure-of-8 Walk Test (F8W) is a valid measure of walking skill in older adults with a mobility disability. Use of the F8W in assessing walking skill in persons with Parkinson's disease (PWP) is unknown. PURPOSE We examined the validity of the F8W by associations with mobility, and cognitive and physical function, and determined the ability of the F8W to discriminate the motor skill of walking in PWP from that of older adults (OA). METHODS Participants, PWP (n = 60) and OA (n = 34) performed the F8W, usual straight path walking, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). RESULTS Among PWP, F8W time and steps related to: usual gait speed (r = -0.660, -0.650); stride time variability (r = 0.377, 0.438); cognition (r = -0.293, time only); and physical function (r = -0.532, - 0.619), all p < .05. Area under the curve (AUC) analyses demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity of F8W performance (0.811, 0.790) compared to usual gait speed (0.729) to recognize the motor skill of walking in PWP from that of OA. CONCLUSION The F8W is a valid indicator of the motor skill of walking in PWP. Use of the F8W may uncover walking difficulties not identified by usual gait speed.
Delta Studies: Expanding the Concept of Deviance Studies to Design More Effective Improvement Interventions.

The effects of improvement (implementation and de-implementation) interventions are often modest. Although positive and negative deviance studies have been extensively used in improvement science and quality improvement efforts, conceptual and methodological innovations are needed to improve our ability to use information about variation in quality to design more effective interventions. We describe a novel mixed methods extension of the deviance study we term “delta studies.” Delta studies seek to quantitatively identify sites that have recently changed from low performers to high performers, or vice versa, in order to qualitatively learn about active strategies that produced recent change, challenges change agents faced and how they overcame them, and where applicable, the causes of recent deterioration in performance—information intended to inform the design of improvement interventions for deployment in low performing sites. We provide examples of lessons learned from this method that may have been missed with traditional positive or negative deviance designs. Considerations for quantitatively identifying delta sites are described including which quality metrics to track, over what timeframe to observe change, how to account for reliability of observed change, consideration of patient volume and initial performance as implementation context factors, and how to define clinically meaningful change. Methods to adapt qualitative protocols by integrating quantitative information about change in performance are also presented. We provide sample data and R code that can be used to graphically display distributions of initial status, change, and volume that are essential to delta studies. Patients and facilities of the US Veterans Health Administration. As an example, we discuss what decisions we made regarding the delta study design considerations in a funded study of low-value preoperative testing. The method helped us find sites that had recently reduced the burden of low-value testing, and learn about the strategies they employed and challenges they faced. The delta study concept is a promising mixed methods innovation to efficiently and effectively identify improvement strategies and other factors that have actually produced change in real-world settings.
Aspirin use and ovarian cancer risk using extended follow-up of the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.

Abstract Objective: Frequent use of aspirin has been associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk in observational studies, but it is unclear if only daily, low-dose aspirin confers a protective benefit. We examined associations between patterns of aspirin use and ovarian cancer risk among postmenopausal women in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: Participants were enrolled in PLCO between 1993 and 2001 and followed for cancer outcomes through 2014. Detailed data on aspirin use (e.g., dose, frequency and duration) were ascertained via the supplemental questionnaire (SQX) administered in 2006–2007. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between aspirin use (defined as use ≥once/week) and incident ovarian cancer. We conducted analyses among all women in the study sample and stratified by age at the time of the SQX. Results: There were 41,633 women included in this analysis, of whom 223 developed incident ovarian cancer. Overall, aspirin use was not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.72–1.21). Among women Conclusions: These findings suggest a potential modest effect of daily, low-dose aspirin in reducing ovarian cancer risk. However, effect estimates were imprecise given the small number of events, and further research will be needed to confirm and extend these findings.
Cosmic Gravitational Shear from the Hubble Space Telescope Medium Deep Survey

We present a measurement of cosmic shear on scales ranging from 10'' to 2' in 347 Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) images of random fields. Our result is based on shapes measured via image fitting and on a simple statistical technique; careful calibration of each step allows us to quantify our systematic uncertainties and to measure the cosmic shear down to very small angular scales. The WFPC2 images provide a robust measurement of the cosmic shear signal decreasing from 5.2% at 10'' to 2.2% at 130''.
A framework to predict the price of energy for the end-users with applications to monetary and energy policies.

Energy affects every single individual and entity in the world. Therefore, it is crucial to precisely quantify the “price of energy” and study how it evolves through time, through major political and social events, and through changes in energy and monetary policies. Here, we develop a predictive framework, an index to calculate the average price of energy in the United States. The complex energy landscape is thoroughly analysed to accurately determine the two key factors of this framework: the total demand of the energy products directed to the end-use sectors, and the corresponding price of each product. A rolling horizon predictive methodology is introduced to estimate future energy demands, with excellent predictive capability, shown over a period of 174 months. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by addressing two policy questions of significant public interest. Global energy transformation requires quantifying the "price of energy" and studying its evolution. Here the authors present a predictive framework that calculates the average US price of energy, estimating future energy demands for up to four years with excellent accuracy, designing and optimizing energy and monetary policies.
Impact of a focused trauma course on retention of provider skills, knowledge and confidence at a regional hospital in the Dominican Republic.

Abstract Introduction Road traffic accidents are a public health epidemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The Dominican Republic (DR) ranks among the highest road traffic fatality rates in the world. There is no formalized trauma curriculum in the DR. A short trauma course was implemented at a San Pedro de Macoris, DR hospital with pre-, post- and retention evaluation of the knowledge, skills and confidence of the providers. Methods A 4-day trauma course was developed for medical students and residents. On days 1 and 4, providers completed pre- and post-training assessments consisting of a 40-question written exam, 1 simulation case and a trauma confidence questionnaire. Simulation cases were evaluated using a critical actions checklist and a non-technical skills scale (TNOTECHS). Assessments were repeated in 2 months to evaluate for knowledge, skill and confidence retention. A repeated measures ANOVA model was used to evaluate pre-, post- and retention training differences in the written exam, non-technical skills and critical actions scores. Confidence scores were assessed using a cumulative logistic regression model. Results A total of 65 people participated (36 medical students, 22 EM and 7 family medicine residents). Of the 65 participants, 39, 22 and 21 participants had complete scores for pre-post, pre-retention and post-retention comparisons respectively. Mean test scores for the written exam were 37.2, 63.5 and 52.2 for pre, post and retention results respectively. Comparisons between pre and post as well as pre and retention showed statistically significant differences (p=0.0001). Mean TNOTECHS total scores were 15.8, 21.3 and 20.8 for pre-, post- and retention results respectively with a significant difference found between pre- and post- training and pre- and retention training (p Conclusion A short trauma course can improve trauma specific knowledge, skills and confidence with significant retention at two months. A longitudinal trauma curriculum may bolster retention.
E-108 Endovascular management of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms: A multi-center experience

Introduction Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (DACAA) are relatively rare, carry high rate of rupture and are often challenging to treat. The evolution of endovascular techniques has allowed for safe and durable treatment of these aneurysms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes of endovascular treatment of DACAA. Methods Retrospective review of DACAA endovascularly treated at 5 different institutions across the nation. Data collected included baseline demographics, rupture status, radiographic features, endovascular technique, complication rates, and long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes. Primary endpoint was good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale 0-2). Secondary endpoints included complications and radiographic occlusion at follow up. Results 84 patients were reviewed (table 1). Mean age was 56, and 64 (71.4%) were female. 52 (61.9%) aneurysms were ruptured. 60 (71.4%) aneurysms were treated with primary coiling, and the remaining 24 were treated flow diversion. Adequate occlusion was achieved in 41 (95.3%) aneurysms treated with coiling, and 17 (89.5%) with flow diversion. No patients required retreatment in the flow diversion category versus 16 (29%) in primary coiling. Good functional outcome was achieved in 59 patients (85.5%), and mortality was observed in 2 (2.3%) patients. There were overall 11 (13%) complications. In primary coiling there were 9 (15%) procedural complications: 5 thromboembolic events, 3 intraoperative ruptures and 1 access site hematoma. In flow diversion category there were 2 procedural complications (8.3%), both of which were retroperitoneal hematomas related to femoral access. Conclusion Endovascular treatment, and in particular, flow diversion for DACAA is safe, feasible and associated with good long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes. Disclosures G. Porto: None. S. Al Kasab: None. M. Sattur: None. E. Almallouhi: None. O. Lajthia: None. M. Casey: None. R. Starke: None. G. Lanzino: None. C. Ogilvy: None. A. Thomas: None. L. Kim: None. R. James: None. M. Levitt: 1; C; Stryker, Medtronic. 2; C; Medtronic, Minnetronix, Metis Innovative. 6; C; Synchron, Cerebrotech. A. Spiotta: 1; C; Penumbra, Stryker, Medtronic, Terumo.
What do the two times in two-time correlation functions mean for interpreting tr-ARPES?

Abstract Time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is one of the most powerful pump–probe measurements of materials driven far from equilibrium. Unlike the linear-response regime, where the frequency-dependent response function is independent of time, in a far-from-equilibrium experiment, the response function depends on two times in the time domain. In this work, we describe how one can use time-dependent frequency response functions and how they involve contributions from times that are near to each other. This implies that they should not be thought of as a frequency-dependent response at a single definite time. Instead, the Fourier uncertainty relations show that they involve contributions from ranges of times and must be interpreted in this light. We use this insight to help understand what time-resolved photoemission measurements actually measure.
Ablation Versus Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: Results From the CABANA Trial.

Background: In patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF), several clinical trials have reported improved outcomes, including freedom from AF recurrence, quality of life, and survival...
John Kerry as Commander-in-Chief: War Powers in a Kerry Administration

Unlike many previous presidential elections, in 2004 foreign policy issues are at the forefront of the American policy and electoral agenda. Not since the Vietnam era has the United States entered an election year with the United States at such a heightened state of war, with ongoing military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as covert operations deployed around the world to wage the war on terrorism. After nearly one full term with George W. Bush as commander in chief, his views on constitutional war powers have been expressed on numerous occasions. Bush, like his post World War II predecessors, has exercised and claimed wide military authority as commander in chief. The American Democratic party’s nominee for president, Senator John Kerry (D-Mass.) has similarly amassed a long record on war powers during his years in the United States Congress. This paper provides a broad examination of Kerry’s positions on war powers, beginning with his testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1971 through his current views on the constitutionality of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The findings suggest that his rhetorical support for Congress’s constitutional war powers has often not matched his backing of unilateral military actions by the president. If elected president, it is unlikely that Kerry’s relationship with Congress would be markedly different from President Bush’s. It seems probable that Kerry will continue the practice of a “strong” [if not omnipotent] commander in chief in his relations with the United States Congress when the president seeks to use military force abroad.
Successful treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease in a bone marrow transplant patient with side-to-side portacaval shunt.

Abstract Hepatic venocclusive disease developed in a 14-yrold white girl after allogenic bone marrow trans-' plantation from an HLA-identical sibling donor. Clinical diagnosis of venocclusive disease was based on the development of ascites, hepatomegaly, and jaundice 3 wk after transplantation. Current treatment of hepatic venocclusive disease is ineffective. ective. The pathophysiology of the hepatic lesion suggests that construction of a side-to-side portacaval shunt should be beneficial in relieving the ascites and preventing further hepatic damage. Because the ascites was refractory to medical therapy and she was clinically deteriorating, a side-to-side portacaval shunt was performed. Histologic examination of a liver biopsy specimen obtained at surgery documented the presence of venocclusive disease. Postoperatively, the patient diuresed and returned to her baseline weight. One year after surgery the patient was doing well, her weight was stable, and she was being maintained on stilt restriction alone. While the resolution of ascites and improvement of hepatic function in our patient after side-to-side portacaval shunt does not guarantee that such an approach will be uniformly successful, it should serve to encourage others to consider such therapy for this frequently devastating complication of chemoradiation therapy.
Forensic Psychology, Public Policy, and the Law

The authors explore critical points in the interaction between forensic practice and law and policy. Using forensic assessment and testimony as primary examples, the authors argue that changes in the law as well as forensic practice have transformed the responsibilities of both forensic practitioners and legal actors. The difficulties posed by these changes are discussed in the context of the new evidentiary admissibility requirements created by the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Chemical (1993), and a number of dilemmas are raised that forensic practitioners, judges, and policy makers will face as a result of this new standard. Additionally, a number of central lessons that can be gleaned from the complex interaction of forensic psychology, law, and policy to date are highlighted and discussed. Finally, future directions for the field of forensic practice are also offered, including the role that forensic practitioners should play in shaping future policy and law. Keywords: Daubert; forensic assessment; forensic policy and law; forensic practice; forensic testimony
What Lawyers, What Edge?

When Monroe Freedman called and said that the conference was to be titled “Lawyering at the Edge,” my response was like that of Professor Steven Gillers. I said, “the edge of what?” An edge implies a shape, an area, and theoretically on this surface, we are to localize lawyer behavior, and, again as Steven Gillers recognized, the rules cannot define the edge. They simply describe ways of seeing it. These ways of seeing or interpreting are influenced by the independence of the bar as an institution and the requirement of lawyer autonomy, as well as by the content of the rules themselves. Some of the rules, such as the ones that require zeal on behalf of clients when we are engaged in advocacy, operate under social and historical circumstances that make it inevitable that the edge will be difficult to define. This Article argues that the edge must be defined socially, historically, and functionally. That is, nobody—not even the New York Post—would contend today that Nelson Mandela’s conviction of terrorism-related offenses should disqualify him from speaking about the obligations of lawyers. There is a consensus that Mandela, despite his conviction for armed activity and his concession that the African National Congress did engage in terrorism, has some valuable things to say about oppression and the struggle against it, and even about the role of lawyers in that struggle. Perhaps the reader will wonder, “isn’t Tigar the one who successfully argued in Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada that ABA Model
The stress of radical pelvic surgery: A review: Biochemical, psychological, gastrointestinal, hepatic and cardiac effects

Abstract Patients undergoing radical pelvic surgery are subjected to "stress" reactions with biochemical manifestations. Numerous psychological reactions are encountered pre- and postoperatively. These reactions worsen in severity when bodily organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, the liver and the heart are involved. Recognition, treatment and prevention of these "stress" reactions are reviewed.
Anthropomorphism is not a Four-Letter Word

In recent years animal experimentation in American psychology has been subjected to harsh criticism from inside and outside the discipline (Bannister 1981; Giannelli, this volume; Griffin 1976, 1984; MacDonald and Dawkins 1981; Rollin 1981). The critics have warned of a loss of both an ethical framework and a creative spark in contemporary psychology. It is no secret that much of what passes for good science in psychology is trivial, boring, repetitive, and inhumane. I think that many of the factors that stifle creativity in this field are the same ones that lead researchers to conduct studies that are ethically impoverished. Conversely, I believe that an empathic and humane viewpoint often encourages scientists to ask valid scientific questions that are fresh, challenging, and beneficial to human and non-human animals alike.
Comparative immunochemistry of elasmobranch retina muller cells and horizontal cells

The neural retinas of all vertebrates have certain common cellular and structural features. I have used immunochemical methods to investigate the biochemical constancy of specific types of retina cells. Elasmobranchs such as the skate, ray, and shark exhibit retinal characteristics which are shared by all vertebrates as well as characteristics which seem to be limited to the more primitive retinas of fish. The Muller glial cells of all vertebrates possess high concentrations of the enzyme glutamine synthetase. Antibodies directed against chick glutamine synthetase specifically label Muller cells in all elasmobranch retinas examined thus far. Antibodies to carbonic anhydrase also label Muller cells but to varying degrees of intensity depending on species and, surprisingly, the location within the retina (i.e., peripheral vs. central). Antibodies to carbonic anhydrase also label the horizontal neurons of elasmobranch retina. In some examples, carbonic anhydrase labelling of horizontal cells is intense enough to allow visualization of the overall pattern of horizontal cell networking in wholemount preparations. A monoclonal antibody to carbonic anhydrase shows horizontal cell densities and distribution which may be predictive of the retinal areas of highest visual acuity. Horizontal cell compartmentalization of carbonic anhydrase is not seen in terrestrial vertebrates such as birds and mammals suggesting a unique and perhaps primitive character for these cells in the elasmobranch retina. Other immunochemical markers have also been explored such as specific carbohydrate moieties found on mammalian neural adhesion molecules. Again elasmobranch horizontal cells show unique labelling patterns with such antibodies as HNK-1. Results show the potential utility of immunochemical markers developed for terrestrial vertebrate retina systems in the analyses of the cell biology of elasmobranch retina. Furthermore, these findings underscore certain fundamental characteristics of the vertebrate retina which have remained constant for vast evolutionary periods.
Supramolecular self-assembled polynuclear complexes from tritopic, tetratopic, and pentatopic ligands : Structural, magnetic and surface studies

Polymetallic, highly organized molecular architectures can be created by “bottom-up” self-assembly methods using ligands with appropriately programmed coordination information. Ligands based on 2,6-picolyldihydrazone (tritopic and pentatopic) and 3,6-pyridazinedihydrazone (tetratopic) cores, with tridentate coordination pockets, are highly specific and lead to the efficient self-assembly of square [3 × 3] Mn9, [4 × 4] Mn16, and [5 × 5] Mn25 nanoscale grids. Subtle changes in the tritopic ligand composition to include bulky end groups can lead to a rectangular 3 × [1 × 3] Mn9 grid, while changing the central pyridazine to a more sterically demanding pyrazole leads to simple dinuclear copper complexes, despite the potential for binding four metal ions. The creation of all bidentate sites in a tetratopic pyridazine ligand leads to a dramatically different spiral Mn4 strand. Single-crystal X-ray structural data show metallic connectivity through both μ-O and μ-NN bridges, which leads to dominant intramolecula...
Effect of residence time distribution of gas bubbles on slurry reactor performance

Methode quantitative de determination de l'influence de la distribution des temps de sejour, en fonction des parametres pertinents
Reexamining s-wave meson condensation in dense matter

Abstract The shed more light on the current controversy on s-wave boson condensation in dense matter, we examine in detail how the off-shell behavior of the low-energy pion-nucleon scattering amplitudes influencex the in-medium pion effective mass. Based on this study we make critical comments on the conventional treatment of kaon condensation a la Kaplan and Nelson.
Halogen-free polyisobutylene by in situ methylation of living polyisobutylene using dimethylzinc

Halogen-free polyisobutylene (PIB) was synthesized by in situ methylation of living PIB using dimethylzinc. Quantitative methylation of living PIB was achieved within 60 min using a ratio of [(CH 3 ) 2 Zn]/[TiCl 4 ] 0 = 1 without any side reactions. Under similar conditions, living PIB capped with 1,1-diphenylethylene (PIB-DPE + ) yielded close to 1:1 mixture of methoxy- and methyl-functionality. By using the ratio of [(CH 3 ) 2 Zn]/[TiCl 4 ] 0 ≥ 3, however, quantitative methylation of PIB-DPE + could be achieved in 120 min without any side reactions as confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses.
Use of a Synchronized Tape Recorder and Slide Projector for Dental Health Education

As part of a USPHS contract awarded the University of Kentucky to study the recruitment of high school students to dental careers, programs made with synchronized tape recorders and slide projectors were presented to students to show the advantages of a career in dentistry. The potential use of this equipment by the dental practitioner and by organized dental groups is discussed.
Mechanism and Prevention of Port-Site Tumor Recurrence After Laparoscopy in a Murine Model

BackgroumVfurpose: Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been broadly applied in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, the etiology of port-site tumor recurrence (PSR) after laparoscopic cancer surgery remains unclear. The authors report here an analysis of PSR in a model of murine neuroblastoma after laparoscopic tumor biopsy and propose a mechanism for this complication as well as a potential treatment. Metho&; Immature 5-to 7-week old male A/J mice (18-23 g) weresubcutaneouslyinoculated with the minimally immunogenic TBJ-neuroblastoma (TBJ-NB) in the left flank and divided into three treatment groups. The following operations were performed 14 days after tumor inoculation: group 1, additional intraperitoneai or intravenous injection ofTBJ-NB during CO2 pneumoperitoneum; group 2, simulated transperitoneal tumor biopsy using MIS techniques during either CO* pneumoperitoneum or gasless suspension; Group 3, intraperitoneal (IPI or intravenous (IV) administration of cyclophosphamide on postoperative days 0 and 3 to prevent PSR after simulated tumor biopsy during CO* pneumoperitoneum. Resu/fs: In group 1, the incidence of PSR was 0% In the intravenously injected mice versus 63% in mice injected
A computational framework for derivative-free optimization of cardiovascular geometries

Abstract Predictive simulation and optimization-based design tools have great potential to improve the design of surgeries and interventions used in cardiovascular medicine. The present work builds upon recent advances in blood flow simulation capabilities to develop tools for optimization. A framework for coupling optimal shape design to time-accurate three-dimensional blood flow simulations in idealized cardiovascular geometries is presented. The optimization method employed is a tailored version of the surrogate management framework, a method that was developed previously for expensive functions with little or no gradient information. In this method, we employ a derivative-free approach using surrogates for increased efficiency together with mesh adaptive direct search to guarantee convergence to a local minimum. The optimization procedure has been fully automated to include the generation and parameterization of three-dimensional solid geometries, mesh generation, finite element flow computation, post processing and optimization. This methodology is demonstrated on three model problems that are representative of typical cardiovascular geometries: a stenosis, a vessel bifurcation modeled on Murray’s law, and an end-to-side anastomosis. These problems are used to illustrate the importance of the choice of cost function and the performance of the optimization algorithm. This framework for treatment optimization will be applicable to a wide range of cardiovascular surgical or catheter-based interventions in future work.
Knowledge Management in Higher Education: A Knowledge Repository Approach

One might expect higher education, where the discovery and dissemination of new and useful knowledge is vital, to be among the first to implement knowledge management practices. Surprisingly, higher education has been slow to implement knowledge management practices (Townley, 2003). This article describes an ongoing research and development effort to implement knowledge management strategies—specifically a knowledge repository approach involving a consortium of higher education institutionsstarting with teacher education and then expanding to other disciplines.
Adventures in Promiscuous Pairing: Seeking Beginner&#146;s Mind

One of the core principles behind the Agile Manifesto is that of working at a sustainable pace over time. Having gone through the roller coaster of traditional software development approaches, this would be a welcome change. In the first three months of our project, however, we found ourselves unable to break the habit of burning ourselves out as each milestone approached. In an attempt to maintain working at a sustainable pace, we chose to experiment with the principles documented by Arlo Belshee in his paper "Promiscuous Pairing and Beginners Mind: Embrace Inexperience". We thought seeking Beginners Mind was the solution. What ensued was not what any of us expected. This paper is a snapshot in time, encompassing the month after the team returned from the Agile 2005 conference. This is our story and learnings.
Benzylic monooxygenation catalyzed by toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida

Toluene dioxygenase, a multicomponent enzyme system known to oxidize mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols, oxidized indene and indan to 1-indenol and 1-indanol, respectively. In addition, the enzyme catalyzed dioxygen addition to the nonaromatic double bond of indene to form cis-1,2-indandiol. The oxygen atoms in 1-indenol and cis-1,2-indandiol were shown to be derived from molecular oxygen, whereas 70% of the oxygen in 1-indanol was derived from water. All of the isolated products were optically active as demonstrated by 19F NMR and HPLC discrimination of diastereomeric esters and by chiroptic methods. The high optical purity of (-)-(1R)-indanol (84% enantiomeric excess) and the failure of scavengers of reactive oxygen species to inhibit the monooxygenation reaction supported the contention that the monooxygen insertion is mediated by an active-site process. Experiments with 3-[2H]indene indicated that equilibration between C-1 and C-3 occurred prior to the formation of the carbon-oxygen bond to yield 1-indenol. Naphthalene dioxygenase also oxidized indan to 1-indanol, which suggested that benzylic monoxygenation may be typical of this group of dioxygenases.
A system for interactive modeling of physical curved surface objects

It is often important to obtain descriptions of existing objects for computer graphics data bases. A system to aid interactive modeling (in three dimensions) of a physical object is described. The system allows a user to fit a bi-cubic parametric spline surface to an object by superimposing stereoscopic views of the computer surface with stereoscopic television views of the object. A 3-D joystick is used to manipulate surface control points while the user views the computed surface as isoparametric contours.A raster scan display polarization stereoscope is used.The left eye and right eye surface views are computed using a unique display processor designed and constructed for the evaluation of raster scan graphics techniques. The display processor consists of multiple non-pipelined concurrently operating microprogrammed modules. The computation of the two reasonably complex images (>500 vectors each) takes less than 33 msec allowing real time display at standard television rates.
Somatic cell mutation detection and quantification of X-ray-induced mutation in cultured, diploid human fibroblasts

Abstract We describe a system for detecting somatic cell mutation to 8-azaguanine (8AG) resistance in cultured, diploid human fibroblasts. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HG-PRT)-deficient, AG-resistant fibroblasts from boys with the X-chromosomal, Lesch-Nyhan (L-N) mutation served as one type of prototype mutant cells. Both spontaneous and X-ray-induced mutation were studied. Recovery of L-N cells was a function both of density of normal cells and of the AG concentration used for selection. Optimum recovery was achieved at an initial inoculum of 2·10 4 normal cells per 60 mm diameter culture dish and an AG concentration of 8·10 −6 M . Efficiency of recovery was between 39 and 90% and controls to determine this efficiency were included in mutagenesis experiments. Attempts to free normal cell populations of pre-existing AG-resistant mutant cells by pregrowth in HAT medium failed because, unlike L-N mutants, most spontaneous AG-resistant mutants can grow in HAT medium. Although pre-existing mutants probably caused overestimation, the average spontaneous mutation rate derived from our experiments was 4.5·10 −6 per cell generation. Eliminating one large-yieldv experiment reduced this estimate to 1.9·10 −6 . Clonal survival of cultured human fibroblasts as a function of X-ray dose was studied. X-Irradiation increased the mutation rate above spontaneous background. Minimum estimates of the increases were 1.13·10 −9 per R per cell at 75 R, 7.49·10 −8 per R per cell at 125 R, 6.87·10 −8 per R per cell at 150 R and 2.16·10 −7 per R per cell at 250 R. The total mutagenic effect and the induced mutation rate appeared to be dose-dependent. Normal parental cell strains and their derived AG-resistant mutants had similar X-ray sensitivities indicating that X-rays induced mutations rather than selected for pre-existing mutants. Because of the realism of the cultured diploid, human fibroblast model vis-a-vis in vivo human cellular events, the mutation detection system described herein is proposed as being potentially useful for environmental monitoring.
Learning impairments and motor dysfunctions in adult Lhx5-deficient mice displaying hippocampal disorganization

Lhx5 is a member of the LIM homeobox gene family that regulates development of the nervous system. Adult mice generated with a mutation in Lhx5 were found to display absent or disorganized hippocampal neuroanatomy. The pyramidal cell layer in Ammon's horn and the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus were absent or poorly defined in the hippocampus of adult Lhx5 knockout mice. Behavioral phenotyping of Lhx5 null mutants detected deficits on learning and memory tasks, including the Barnes maze spatial learning task, spontaneous alternation recognition memory, and contextual and cued fear conditioning. General health, neurological reflexes, and sensory abilities appeared to be normal in Lhx5 knockout mice. Motor tests showed impaired performance on some measures of motor activity, coordination, balance, and gait. These results reveal functional outcomes of Lhx5 gene deletion on the integrity of hippocampal neuroanatomy and behavior in the adult mouse.
P32 UPTAKE BY NUCLEI

1. A method for isolating nuclei in quantity from mammalian tissues is described. 2. The rate of uptake of radioactive phosphorus by nuclei is found to be quite rapid. The phosphorus was shown not to be taken up by exchange. 3. Nuclei of tumors accumulate more radioactive phosphorus than normal liver nuclei. This was shown to be due to mitotic activity and not a form of metabolism peculiar to tumor cells. 4. The specific activities of nuclei and cytoplasm are compared. 5. 60 to 70 per cent of the nuclear radioactive phosphorus is present as nucleoprotein from 1 hour to 5 days after it is administered. In the lymphoma nuclei 90–95 per cent of the phosphorus is in the nucleoprotein fraction from 1–5 days after it is administered. 6. The specific activities of the nucleoprotein, lipid, and acid-soluble fractions of liver and tumor nuclei are compared. 7. From the rate of P32 uptake by nuclei it is calculated that a new lymphoma nucleus is synthesized on the average once every 27 hours. This is in agreement with the observed rate of growth of the tumor. 8. In the lymphoma nucleus it is calculated that 7 x 104 molecules of tetranucleotide are synthesized per second. 9. Irradiation with 200 r. x-rays alters the distribution of P32 in the lymphoma cell, markedly increasing the concentration in the nucleus shortly after irradiation. The P32 concentration in the cytoplasm decreases with time after irradiation. It is suggested that the altered distribution is correlated with the inhibition of mitosis produced by the x-rays. 10. Continual synthesis of nucleoprotein takes place even in nuclei of cells which do not undergo mitosis.
Landslides on coastal sage-scrub and grassland hillslopes in a severe El Niño winter: The effects of vegetation conversion on sediment delivery

During the 1997-1998 El Nino, record rainfall triggered.150 shallow landslides within a 9.5 km2 area near Santa Barbara, Cal- ifornia. They were studied to analyze the sediment delivery to val- ley floors from landslides in coastal sage scrub and converted grasslands. The conversion of coastal sage to grasslands, primarily to provide pasturage for cattle, is common in the region, and the landscape's response may affect water quality, reservoir infilling, and debris flow hazards. We explore the relationship between lateral- root reinforcement and landslide volume by developing a slope- stability analysis that incorporates root cohesion along the sides of the failure. The stability analysis correctly predicts an inverse re- lationship between landslide volume and hillslope angle in the sage. The volumes of failures in the grasslands do not vary systemati- cally with slope and are generally smaller than those in the sage. From aerial-photograph analysis and field mapping, we find that there are 22.9 failures per square kilometer in the grasslands com- pared to 13.2 failures per square kilometer in the sage. Despite the lower failure density in the coastal sage, greater failure volumes and longer transport distances delivered more sediment to valley floors, with a specific volumetric flux of 2.8 3 10 -2 m 3 ·m -1 for this El Nino compared to 1.73 10 -2 m 3 ·m -1 in the grasslands. We con- clude that the conversion from vegetation with stronger and deeper roots (coastal sage) to vegetation with weaker and shallower roots (grass) has caused a pulse of increased landsliding in the grasslands because the soils are currently too thick for the prevailing root reinforcement. We suggest that, over time, soils in the grassland hollows will become thinner as the evacuation by landslides is re- peated until the landsliding rate declines to balance the soil sup- plied from local colluvium production and diffusive processes upslope.
The Chern-Simons one-form and gravity on a fuzzy space

Abstract The one-dimensional N × N -matrix Chern–Simons action is given, for large N and for slowly varying fields, by the ( 2 k + 1 ) -dimensional Chern–Simons action S CS , where the gauge fields in S CS parametrize the different ways in which the large N limit can be taken. Since some of these gauge fields correspond to the isometries of the space, we argue that gravity on fuzzy spaces can be described by the one-dimensional matrix Chern–Simons action at finite N and by the higher dimensional Chern–Simons action when the fuzzy space is approximated by a continuous manifold.
Use of antiplatelet drugs in secondary prevention in patients with atherothrombotic disease.

Unless there are contraindications to the use of aspirin, aspirin should be used to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and continued indefinitely to decrease vascular death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke. Chlopidogrel added to aspirin is beneficial in the treatment of patients with acute ST-elevation MI. Patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-ST-elevation MI should be treated with aspirin plus clopindogrel for at least 9 mo to decease vascular death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke. Patients with prior MI should be treated indefinitely with aspirin and with clopidogrel if aspirin is contraindicated. Patients with ischemic stroke should be treated with either aspirin or clopidogrel indefinitely. Clopidogrel is significantly more effective than aspirin in reducing vascular death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke in patients with peripheral arterial disease
On multi-Frobenius non-classical plane curves

In this paper, we characterize the plane curves over \({\mathbb {F}_q}\) which are Frobenius non-classical for different powers of q.
A glucanase-driven fractionation allows redefinition of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall composition and structure: assignment of diglucan.

Purified endoglucanases have been used to determine the composition of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell wall. This structure has been traditionally studied after isolating its components (mannoproteins, α1,3-glucan, β1,3-glucan, and a branched β-glucan) with hot alkali. Instead, we sequentially removed the polysaccharides by digesting with endo-β1,3-glucanase and with a novel endo-α1,3-glucanase (mutanase). After this gentle isolation we observed that a branched β1,3-β1,6-glucan is much more abundant than previously described. By scaling-up the new protocol we prepared large amounts of the highly branched glucan and determined its structural features. We have named this highly branched β-glucan diglucan, reflecting its two types of β linkages. We have also identified an insoluble endoglucanase-resistant type of 1,3-linked glucan present in S. pombe cell walls. We redefined the wall composition of S. pombe vegetative cells by this new method. Finally, to demonstrate its application, we determined the cell wall composition of known mutant strains.
A Simple Method for the Generation of Metallic Oxide Aerosols

The generation of metallic oxide aerosols was accomplished using a Lovelace and a Collision nebulizer with aqueous solutions of metallic carbonates, acetates, and oxalates. Solution of oxalates in oxalic acid were also studied. The generated aerosols were subsequently dried, thermally decomposed, and cooled to yield the corresponding metallic oxide. The operating conditions of the system were varied and the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting aerosols were determined. The mass median diameters of the aerosols generated were in the sub-micron range, which is of interest for inhalation studies. The aerosols generated included those of cadmium, nickel, and manganese.
Triggering of cryoprotectant synthesis in the woolly bear caterpillar (Pyrrharctia isabella Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Isabella tiger moths (Pyrrharctia isabella) overwinter as caterpillars (i.e., woolly bears) that can survive freezing at moderate subzero temperatures. We observed an increase in hemolymph osmolality for field-collected woolly bears during October (325 +/- 47 to 445 +/- 27 mOsmol/liter) and tested the influence of temperature and moisture levels on cryoprotectant production. Laboratory acclimation was done at 5 degrees C in moist conditions and at 25 degrees C acclimation in both dry and moist conditions. Body water contents were diminished by dehydration at 25 degrees C for 4 days (57 +/- 4%). Caterpillars collected in early October did not alter their hemolymph osmolality during cold acclimation, but caterpillars increased by 45% (to 647 +/- 90 mOsmol/liter) after 4 days at 5 degrees C following their collection in late October. Hemolymph composition was markedly changed in caterpillars experiencing dehydration at 25 degrees C (1042 +/- 200 mOsmol/liter; 507 +/- 225 mmol glycerol/liter), whereas caterpillars showed no change in their hemolymph composition when kept moist at 25 degrees C. Our experiments reveal that both dehydration and cold acclimation rapidly induce cryoprotectant synthesis in P. isabella caterpillars. J. Exp. Zool. 286:367-371, 2000.
Metabolism in infection: ATP-Pi 32 exchange of kidney mitochondria of tuberculosis guinea pigs

Abstract Experimental infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis , strain H 37 Rv in guinea pigs significantly lowers the esterification of inorganic phosphate and inhibits the ATP-Pi 32 exchange of the mitochondria of the kidney. Administration of isoniazid solution in lieu of drinking water from the 8th to the 38th day postinfection corrected the metabolic damage. Since dinitrophenol 1.0 × 10−5 M did not affect the inhibited ATP-Pi 32 exchange of the mitochondria isolated from tuberculous kidney, it is presumed that fatty acids of tubercle bacilli reported by Segal might be responsible in part for the low esterification of inorganic phosphate and the partial inhibition of the ATP-Pi 32 exchange of the tuberculous kidney mitochodria.
Pressure-induced phase transformations in the B1 Ag-halides

Abstract The structures which form with pressure from the Ag-halides in the B1-type have been investigated using X-ray powder diffraction techniques. It is proposed that AgCl transforms to a cinnabar (B9) type structure with c = 7.02 A , a = 4.06 A and c a = 1.73 and a ΔV V 0 at the transition of 8 per cent. This structure is stabilized due to overlap of electron orbitals resulting in the formation of two highly covalent collinear-bonds. AgBr transforms to the same structure with a volume change of the same magnitude, but at a slightly lower pressure. The structure to which Bl-Agl transforms at 97 kbar is suggested to be tetragonal with a = 5.611 A , c = 5.020 A with Δ V V 0 at the transition approximately 13 per cent. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate that this transformation also involves a significant change to more covalent bonding.