cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Downwash of Plumes in the Vicinity of Buildings: A Wind-Tunnel Study

A wind-tunnel study has been conducted to examine the effects of several parameters on the downwash of effluents released from stacks in the vicinity of rectangular-shaped buildings. The situations modeled included idealized or generic steam-boiler and combustion-turbine electric-generating plants. Systematically varied were parameters such as the stack height, location of stack, wind direction, effluent-speed to wind-speed ratio, and effluent buoyancy. Measurements included over 300 concentration profiles. Vertical profiles were measured at a fixed distance downwind, both in the presence and in the absence of the buildings, to ascertain the building effects. In several of the more interesting cases, more extensive measurements were made to more fully describe the entire concentration field. The data set should prove especially useful to the mathematicians attempting to develop models to predict concentration fields when a plume is downwashed in the presence of a structure.
Application of self-adaptive TDF-IMC in grinding classification process

Aiming at the characteristics of large delay, large inertia and time-varying parameters of the second pump current control during grinding classification process, this paper proposes an adaptive TDF-IMC. The gain adaptive algorithm is combined with the TDF-IMC. Through on-line identification of the controlled object model's gain parameter, the controlled object model of the IMC controller is corrected. Finally, through simulation experiments, it is verified that the algorithm can achieve stable control for the second pump current, meet the requirements of controller performance in grinding classification process, and lay a foundation for the implementation of mineral processing integrated automation system.
The Influence of Prior Handling on the Effective CS-US Interval in Long-Trace Taste-Aversion Conditioning in Rats

In conditioned taste aversion (CTA), a taste, the conditioned stimulus (CS), is paired with an illness-inducing stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US), to produce CS-US associations at very long (hours) intervals, a result that appears to violate the law of contiguity. The specific length of the maximum effective trace interval that has been reported differs from laboratory to laboratory. Metabolic rate may be a factor that influences the effective CS-US interval. Given that prior handling has been demonstrated to decrease stress and presumably lower metabolism, we examined the effect of handling on the effective CS-US intervals of 0, 90, and 180 min. Results indicated that handling rats for 1 min daily, for 21 days, may have extended the effective CS-US interval to 90 min in contrast to rats that were not handled. This finding indicates that subtle procedural differences may help explain the variability reported for the effective CS-US interval in various CTA studies.
Interstellar H(3)(

Protonated molecular hydrogen, H3+, is the simplest polyatomic molecule. It is the most abundantly produced interstellar molecule, next only to H2, although its steady state concentration is low because of its extremely high chemical reactivity. H3+ is a strong acid (proton donor) and initiates chains of ion-molecule reactions in interstellar space thus leading to formation of complex molecules. Here, I summarize the understandings on this fundamental species in interstellar space obtained from our infrared observations since its discovery in 1996 and discuss the recent observations and analyses of H3+ in the Central Molecular Zone near the Galatic center that led to a revelation of a vast amount of warm and diffuse gas existing in the region.
From Topic Models to Semi-supervised Learning: Biasing Mixed-Membership Models to Exploit Topic-Indicative Features in Entity Clustering

We present methods to introduce different forms of supervision into mixed-membership latent variable models. Firstly, we introduce a technique to bias the models to exploit topic-indicative features, i.e. features which are apriori known to be good indicators of the latent topics that generated them. Next, we present methods to modify the Gibbs sampler used for approximate inference in such models to permit injection of stronger forms of supervision in the form of labels for features and documents, along with a description of the corresponding change in the underlying generative process. This ability allows us to span the range from unsupervised topic models to semi-supervised learning in the same mixed membership model. Experimental results from an entity-clustering task demonstrate that the biasing technique and the introduction of feature and document labels provide a significant increase in clustering performance over baseline mixed-membership methods.
Electrochemical self-cleaning anodic surfaces for biofouling control during water treatment

Abstract Biofilm formation and growth on submerged surfaces causes numerous operational problems, ranging from hindering diffusion of pollutants to electrode surfaces during electrochemical water treatment to harboring pathogens in indoor plumbing. This work evaluates electrochemical biofilm dispersion kinetics from boron-doped diamond (BDD) surfaces in situ using optical coherence tomography microscopy to track the volume of biofilm (biovolume) on the electrode. After starting with a 75 μm thick biofilm, applying 50 mA cm−2 results in near complete biofilm removal after 60 min, with a pseudo first-order biovolume removal rate of 0.023 min−1; higher applied currents had negligible additional benefits. Thus, it appears plausible to attain biofouling mitigation through electrochemical self-cleaning of BDD electrodes, potentially via the following two-step process: 1) hydroxyl radical production on the electrode surface which oxidizes polysaccharides or other cellular materials that attach bacteria to surface, followed by 2) gas evolution on the electrode surface (beneath the biofilm), which pushes and sloughs off the biofilm. This novel approach to biofouling management can find applications in electrochemical water treatment and other important surfaces (e.g., electrodes, membrane spacers, heat exchange surfaces, interior pipe surfaces, etc.) in water treatment systems where biofilms develop and harbor microbial pathogens.
Hormonal Regulation of Object Memory Consolidation

Abstract The use of object recognition and object placement tasks in behavioural neuroendocrinology research has increased in recent years because learning can be rapidly measured in both rats and mice, which readily allows for assessment of hormonal regulation of object learning and memory, as well as identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the mnemonic effects of hormones. In particular, studies in recent years have demonstrated that the potent oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol, enhances the memory for the identity and location of objects in the object recognition and object placement tasks. This chapter provides an overview of the effects of 17β-oestradiol on object memory in young and ageing female rats and mice and discusses the mechanisms in the dorsal hippocampus thus far shown to mediate these effects. This chapter concludes by considering key areas for future research.
Timing of Hospital-acquired Venous Thromboembolism and Its Relationship with Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Measures in Immobile Patients.

Background The aim of this study is to describe the timing of venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosis in patients with cerebral or spinal trauma and stroke and describe the relationships between VTE prophylaxis and timing of VTE diagnosis at a community hospital. Methods Retrospective cohort observational study over a span of 10 years from 2006 to 2016 was conducted. Results Lower extremity ultrasound surveillance identified 138 patients who developed VTE during their hospital stay (mean age 62 years, 61.6% males). Mechanical prophylaxis was used in 79.7% and pharmacologic prophylaxis in 78.3% of patients. The average time of admission to administration of mechanical prophylaxis was 1.92 and 7.7 days for pharmacologic prophylaxis. In patients who received pharmacologic prophylaxis within 2 days, 51.5% of all VTE events occurred during the first week, 73.5% by the second week, and 91.2% by the third week of the hospital stay. In patients who started pharmacologic prophylaxis after 2 days in the hospital, 85% of all VTE events occurred within the first week and 90% within 10 days of the hospital stay (P Conclusions In immobilized patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury, or spinal cord injury, VTE screening should be performed at different schedules based on the timing of initiation of pharmacologic prophylaxis. In patients who did not start prophylaxis during the first 2 days of admission to the hospital, the majority of the VTE events occurred during the first 10 days.
The influence of body mass index and albumin on perioperative morbidity and Clinical outcomes in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

e15210 Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients with higher pretreatment body-mass-index (BMI) are thought to have significantly worse clinical outcomes. A recent meta-analysis has also...
Mini Cheetah: A Platform for Pushing the Limits of Dynamic Quadruped Control

Mini Cheetah is a small and inexpensive, yet powerful and mechanically robust quadruped robot, intended to enable rapid development of control systems for legged robots. The robot uses custom backdriveable modular actuators, which enable high-bandwidth force control, high force density, and robustness to impacts. Standing around 0.3 m tall and weighing 9 kg, Mini Cheetah can easily be handled by a single operator. We have demonstrated dynamic trot, trot-run, bounding, and pronking gaits on the robot to speeds of up to 2.45 meters per second using Convex Model-Predictive Control (cMPC). In addition to locomotion, we have used the robot to execute 360° backflips, with trajectories generated using offline nonlinear optimization.
Phosphorus homeostasis and related disorders

Abstract Advances in our understanding of phosphate metabolism have highlighted the central role of phosphate in bone biology. Identification of the intricate mechanisms by which phosphate is regulated has produced an ever-expanding field of knowledge. In particular, the endocrine fibroblast growth factor, FGF23, has emerged as a regulatory signal by which the skeleton relays its mineral demands to the kidney. FGF23 has emerged, furthermore, as a principal mediator of mammalian bone as an endocrine organ. This chapter details these findings and the molecular regulation of phosphate transfer between cells and their local milieu via distinct classes of transporters, and emphasizes the critical role of phosphate in the initiation of skeletal mineralization. Deficiencies in the supply of phosphate, and disruptions of the complex regulatory system managing its availability, are discussed as the basis of debilitating musculoskeletal diseases. Clinical implications of this new knowledge include the identification of novel targets for improved therapy of such conditions.
A study of school feeding programs. II. Effects on children with different economic and nutritional needs.

What effect does participation in school feeding programs (breakfast or morning milk plus lunch) which provide one-third or more of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for pupils really have on nutritive intake over time?
When the Star Beckons: Celebrity-Branded Products and Retailer Resonance: An Abstract

Celebrity endorsements have been a long-standing fixture in advertising and marketing strategies. In recent years, however, more and more celebrities have transitioned from merely endorsing a product for a third-party brand, to creating their own product lines by leveraging their personal brand. However, despite an abundance of research on celebrity endorsements, there has been very little research on celebrity-branded products. The focus of this study is on how celebrity-branded product lines influence shoppers’ evaluations of retailers. Partnership arrangements between celebrities and retailers (e.g., Jennifer Lopez line at Kohl’s, Victoria Beckham line at Target, Shaquille O’Neal line at JCPenney) provide celebrities with access to retailers’ merchandizing and marketing expertise, while providing retailers with the ability to leverage celebrity products to differentiate themselves from competing stores and enhance their appeal to chosen target markets. Specifically, this study develops and tests a theoretical framework of the transference effects of celebrity-branded products on shoppers’ evaluation of retailers. Drawing from the brand resonance model, this study postulates that shoppers’ awareness and evaluation of the salience of celebrity-branded products sold in a retailer influence evaluation of the retailer, judgments about the retailer, and retailer resonance (i.e., active, intense loyalty toward the retailer). Data collected using an online survey of 443 adult shoppers show support for the transference effects of celebrity brands on retailer resonance and provide empirical validation of the brand resonance model. Specifically, results indicate that shoppers’ assessments of celebrity-branded products (i.e., celebrity-product fit, celebrity-store fit, and brand alignment) lead to higher derived performance evaluation (i.e., store attractiveness), which lead to positive judgments of the store (i.e., store uniqueness), and ultimately, active shopper–retailer relationships. Overall, this study demonstrates that, if properly designed, the partnership between celebrity-branded product lines and retailers can be mutually beneficial to both entities and can enhance shoppers’ engagement with retail stores. Based on the findings, implications are offered for theory and practice.
Critiquing Children’s Consumer Culture: An Introduction to The Marketing of Children’s Toys

As a multi-billion-dollar industry, toys and their marketing warrant sustained scholarly critique—a task this volume, The Marketing of Children’s Toys: Critical Perspectives on Children’s Consumer Culture, undertakes. This book applies a critical/cultural perspective to better understand how the social, political, economic, and cultural conditions of the times impact children’s socialization, childhood, and children’s play through toy marketing. We find these aspects worthy of study and share these perspectives as they relate to larger socializing practices. This book’s first few chapters focus on the marketing of broad product categories—toy firearms, grotesque toys, minimalist toys, and international toys—followed by chapters that interrogate specific brands’ marketing tactics and strategies.
Mobility and Congestion in Urban India

We develop a methodology to estimate robust city level vehicular mobility indices, and apply it to 154 Indian cities using 22 million counterfactual trips measured by a web mapping service. There is wide variation in mobility across cities. An exact decomposition shows this variation is driven more by differences in uncongested mobility than congestion. Under plausible assumptions, a one standard deviation improvement in uncongested speed creates much more mobility than optimal congestion pricing. Denser and more populated cities are slower, only in part because of congestion. Urban economic development is correlated with better (uncongested and overall) mobility despite worse congestion.
Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Among Older Adults Presenting to the Geriatric Emergency Department.

Abstract Background There is a dearth of epidemiological data on ethnic disparities among older patients with COVID-19. The objective of this study was to characterize ethnic differences in clinical presentation and outcomes from COVID-19 among older U.S. adults. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study within two geriatric emergency departments (GEDs) at a large academic health system. One hundred patients 65 years or older who visited a GED between March 10, 2020 and August 9, 2020 and tested positive for COVID-19 were examined. Electronic medical records were used to determine presenting COVID-19–related symptoms, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Descriptive statistics are reported with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In the overall sample, mean age was 75.9 years; 18% were 85 years or older; 50% were male; and 46.0% were Hispanic. Relative to non-Hispanic patients with COVID-19, Hispanic patients with COVID-19 had a higher percentage of shortness of breath (78.3% vs. 51.9%; difference: 26.4%; 95% CI 7.6–42.5%), pneumonia (82.6% vs. 50.0%; difference: 32.6%; 95% CI 14.1–47.9%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (13.0% vs. 1.9%; difference: 11.1%; 95% CI 0.7–23.9%), and acute kidney failure (41.3% vs. 22.2%; difference: 19.1%; 95% CI 0.9–36.0%). Rates of other poor outcomes, including hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, return visits to the GED within 30 days of discharge, or death, did not significantly differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients with COVID-19. Conclusions These preliminary data show that older Hispanic patients relative to non-Hispanic patients with COVID-19 presenting to a GED did not experience worse outcomes, including hospitalization, ICU admission, 30-day return visits to the GED, or death.
Disgust uniquely predicts coping and interpersonal processes beyond anxiety and dysphoria in the context of naturalistic stressors

Abstract Background Disgust is theorized to serve a unique function of motivating avoidance of noxious stimuli and setting interpersonal boundaries to prevent contamination. Research has established the relevance of disgust to OCD, posttraumatic stress, and phobias, suggesting transdiagnostic features. However, research has not always accounted for overlap of disgust with other negative emotions, obscuring unique contributions. Moreover, studies have not disentangled between-person (mean levels) and within-person (state) effects. The present study examined within- and between-person relationships of disgust, anxiety, and dysphoria with responses to daily social stressors. We expected disgust would uniquely predict cognitive avoidance and boundary-setting interpersonal behavior. Method Individuals (N = 159) meeting ADIS-V anxiety/depressive disorder criteria (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 104) completed online journals about naturalistic social stressors over five weeks (1,923 records), reporting disgust, anxiety, dysphoria, and responses to social stressors. Results As expected, disgust uniquely predicted lower acceptance, greater thought suppression, greater self-assertion, and less prosocial behavior, above and beyond anxiety and dysphoria. Several disgust effects were present at both between- and within-person levels, suggesting the relevance of both mean disgust and state fluctuations. Conclusions Results demonstrate unique relevance of disgust for how individuals respond to social stressors.
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on GeoStreaming

These proceedings contain the papers selected for presentation at the third edition of the ACM Workshop on GeoStreaming (IWGS 2012) which is being held in conjunction with the ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS conference. Real-time stream data acquisition through sensors and imagery devices has been widely used in many applications. In addition to the temporal nature of stream data, various sources provide stream data that has geographical locations and/or spatial extents such as point coordinates, lines, or polygons. Thanks to advances in geosensing technologies, researchers in the geospatial community have been able to acquire huge amounts of streamed sensor data. On one hand, this amount of streamed data has been a major propeller to advance the state of the art in geographic information systems. On the other hand, the ability to process, mine, and analyze that massive amount of data in a timely manner prevented researchers from making full use of the incoming stream data. The geostreaming term refers to the ongoing effort in academia and industry to process, mine and analyze stream data with geographic and spatial information.
Pastoral household’s perceptions of non pastoral activities in Yabello district, Oromia region, Ethiopia

The study examined the pastoralists’ perception towards non-pastoral activities and the proportion of pastoralist income from diverse livelihood activities in the pastoral areas of the Yabello dist...
A Review of the Engineering Charateristics of Peat

Physical and mechanical properties of peat; classification, percent ash, acidity reaction, density and specific gravity, water holding capacity, void ratio and shrinkage on drying, permeability, shear strength, bearing capacity, consolidation characteristics, and settlement. (25 refs.)
Spectral Analysis of Barosensitive Neurons in the Rat Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Regulation of blood pressure occurs primarily via the activity of bulbospinal rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurons that drive sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Central and peripheral stimuli influence the activity of RVLM neurons and are reflected in their cardiac and respiratory modulation. Dysregulation of RVLM neurons can lead to increased SNA and the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. In this study we used spectral (frequency-domain) analysis to identify cardiac- and/or respiratory-related (CR, RR) activity in barosensitive RVLM neurons (n=22) and splanchnic SNA of 16 Inactin-anesthetized rats in which we also recorded arterial pressure (AP) and an index of respiration. SNA had RR activity (0.40±0.05; mean ± SE) and/or CR activity (0.63±0.05) as evidenced by a coherence value > 0.1 at the frequency of respiration and the heart rate, respectively, in the corresponding coherence functions. RVLM unit activity was also shown to be RR (0.40±0.14; n=4) or CR (0.41±0.07; n=4). Mor...
Out of joint: Memento as Contemporary Hamlet

Memento (dir. Christopher Nolan, 2000) embodies and reinterprets Hamlet through its psychically wounded hero, whose short-term amnesia commits him to a pointless search for vengeance that makes him vulnerable and exposes him to moral hazard. Both this and Coppola’s film show their Hamlet figures in a tragic and darkening landscape; these films neutralize and refuse to glorify the revenge impulse—arguably, as Shakespeare does as well. Nolan in particular casts the entire revenge project into doubt through the device of temporal, narrative dislocation (the story is told, for the most part, backward). The film displays a remarkable structural doubling with Shakespeare’s play, embedding a metacommentary on its tale as Hamlet does with The Murder of Gonzago.
A Computational Model of Cerebral Vasculature, Brain Tissue, and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Abstract The dynamics of cerebral blood flow and its role in maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) is of high clinical relevance. A mechanistic understanding of intracranial dynamics may lead to greater insight of cerebrovascular disorders and how cerebral blood flow is controlled. Computational models of the cerebral vasculature can assist neurosurgeons in diagnosis and risk assessment of surgical intervention for specific patients. To this end, computer models of cerebral vasculature which capture hemodynamic properties of the human vasculature are constructed using modern medical imaging combined with automatic vessel generation techniques. The artificially generated cerebral networks enable realistic simulation of blood flow and pressure distribution throughout the entire brain. These studies permit a quantitative analysis of cerebral hemodynamics and may lead to fundamental understanding of complex dynamics and control mechanisms like autoregulation and functional hyperemia.
Modeling effects of floods on streambed hydraulic conductivity and groundwater‐surface water interactions

[1] Flood events can induce temporal changes in streambed elevation and particle-size composition, which may influence the bed's hydraulic properties and stream-aquifer fluxes during and after an event. This study combines a set of previously developed modeling approaches to create a synthetic flood event during which bed sediment is entrained and deposited as a function of hydraulic conditions and particle size. One simulated river reach in a state of approximate dynamic equilibrium is chosen to investigate the impacts of size-selective sediment transport on stream-aquifer interaction. Along this reach, the preferential entrainment of fine sediment during the flood's rising limb leads to overall bed coarsening, and increases in vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kbv) and downward fluxes of floodwater into the streambed. Progressively finer sediment layers are deposited during the event's falling limb, causing the redevelopment of a colmation (clogging) layer on the bed surface and a decline in overall Kbv by the event's conclusion. This reduction in Kbv leads to prolonged retention of event water in the streambed (after the reach reverts from losing to gaining river conditions) when compared with what is expected if pre-event Kbv values are used to estimate river-aquifer exchanges. This process of sequential bed coarsening and fining during a flood event provides a mechanistic explanation for the event size-and-duration threshold, inferred in some systems, that must be exceeded for significant amounts of flood recharge to occur. The major consequences of these processes—enhanced infiltration and prolonged floodwater retention—have potentially major implications for groundwater-surface water interactions, water quality, contaminant transport, and riparian biogeochemistry.
Researching Legal History in the Digital Age

The renaissance of interest in American legal history has been greatly aided by a variety of developments in the materials and methods of legal research. Legal history has become a new center of attention in American legal education and scholarship and has attracted similarly enhanced interest in university history departments. Fortunately, this comes at a time when increasingly sophisticated research techniques and sources are gaining wide acceptance in both the academic and legal communities. Professor Cohen surveys the effects of these advances on research in American legal history.
Rigorous modal solution of a multi mode PCF using scattering matrix method

Summary form only given. We utilize a full vectorial formulation for the wave equation as applied to photonic crystal fibres (PCFs). This rigorous approach handles any cavity shape or distribution of holes for exact calculations of the complex coupled modes.
Eight Levels of Social Interest: Adult Development From an Adlerian Paradigm

In his writings, Alfred Adler (1964) alluded to 8 levels of social interest. These 8 levels of evolution represent a bridge between ego psychology and humanistic theories of adult development. After outlining these levels of social interest, the author concludes that psychotherapists need to address social interest in the therapeutic context.
Temperature dependence of rayleigh light scattering and depolarization in pure liquids

Abstract Rayleigh light scattering intensities and depolarization were measured for 12 pure liquids as a function of temperature at the incident radiation wavelengths of 436 and 546 mμ. The data is analyzed in terms of theoretical equations for the isotropic and anisotropic scattering contributions. From the isotropic scattering the isothermal compressibility is calculated and compared to literature data. From the anisotropic scattering term the temperature dependence of the optical molecular anisotropy is calculated and used as an indication of structuring in the liquid state. Calculations from scattering data on binary liquid mixtures also indicate liquid state structuring.
A new critical heat-flux correlation for vertical water flow through multiple thin rectangular channels

Abstract A critical heat flux (CHF) study of the vertical up-flow of water through multiple thin rectangular channels was conducted. Pressures varied from 89.8 to 115 kPa, inlet temperatures from 291 to 306 K, and mass fluxes from 9.5 to 39 kg m −2 s −1 . Electrical resistance heaters embedded in aluminum provided a uniform heat flux. A more universal and robust CHF correlation based on the geometry of the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory was developed. This new CHF correlation predicts 126 data points from this and three previous studies within an error of ±8.5% with a 95% confidence.
A cost and value analysis of two interventions with incontinent nursing home residents

OBJECTIVE: More than half of nursing home residents suffer from urinary incontinence. These residents typically have long stays and, because of comorbid cognitive and physical impairments, have little hope of living again in a noninstitutional environment The value of interventions to change functional status of this chronically institutionalized population is often questioned. This paper explores this value issue in the context of two incontinence management interventions that have been shown to improve functional status: (1) Functional Incidental Training (FIT), and (2) Prompted Voiding (PV). The relative value of the different interventions for the nursing home population was estimated using paired preferences. DESIGN: The cost of two interventions (FIT and PV) that target incontinent nursing home residents was related to the value of these interventions as perceived by consumers of nursing home services. Both interventions decrease incontinence frequency, and one intervention also improves mobility endurance. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety incontinent nursing home residents received the intervention; 37 older nondemented board and care residents and 31 family members of the nursing home residents provided estimates of the intervention's value. MEASUREMENT: The staff-time allocations involved in implementing both interventions were documented in more than 85 resident care episodes. These time data were converted to labor cost based on the cost of nursing aides who would actually implement the intervention. The value of each intervention was assessed by asking consumers to make choices between the intervention and its associated outcomes (such as increased dryness) and other nursing home services of known cost (e.g., moving to a private room). RESULTS: Both interventions had labor costs that were greater than “usual care” costs. The additional cost was estimated to be $4.31 per resident per day for PV and $6.42 per resident per day for FIT if these programs were implemented from 7 AM to 7 AM. Consumer preference data indicated that consumers preferred the FIT and PV outcomes to more expensive alternative services, calculated to cost $10.00 per day, often marketed to consumers, CONCLUSION: Consumers may prefer the FIT and PV interventions relative to the typical services often marketed to the nursing home consumer. The analysis completed in this paper suggests that both interventions have value for frail residents likely to live out their lives in a nursing home.
Electric dipole moments and nuclear hyperfine interactions for H2S, HDS, and D2S

Abstract Electric dipole moments and nuclear hyperfine coupling constants for several low-energy rotational states of the ground vibrational state of H 2 S, HDS, and D 2 S have been determined by molecular beam electric resonance spectroscopy. Analysis of the Stark effects for radiofrequency spectra of the lowest rotational levels gives dipole moments of 0.978325 (10) D for H 2 S ( J = 1, τ = 0), 0.977294 (20) D for D 2 S ( J = 1, τ = 0), and 0.977484 (60) D for HDS ( J = 1, τ = 1 and J = 2, τ = 0). The electric field gradient tensor at the deuterium nucleus, the nuclear spin-spin tensor, and the spin-rotation tensor were evaluated from the hyperfine components of the radiofrequency spectra. The accuracy of these tensors was moderately improved over earlier measurements. From the H 2 S spin-rotation tensor, the average paramagnetic shielding for the protons was found to be σ av p = −104.84 (40) ppm. Combining this result with the proton NMR absolute chemical shift allowed the average diamagnetic shielding to be calculated as σ av d = 135.7 (5) ppm.
Adrenergic pathways and left ventricular remodeling.

Abstract Background: Cardiac insufficiency, acute or chronic, engenders an increase in systemic and local myocardial sympathetic tone with release of the endogenous sympathetic hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. These catecholamines activate cardiomyocyte α- and β-adrenergic receptors which, although responsive to the same hormonal ligands, stimulate almost entirely distinct signaling pathways with different end organ results. Methods: Minute-by-minute cardiac function is regulated by the β-adrenergic receptor system, coupled to the adenylate cyclase and protein kinase (PK) A pathway via the Gs heterotrimeric G protein. In contrast, activation of α-adrenergic receptors and the Gq/phospholipase C/PKC pathway has little acute effect on instantaneous myocardial contractility, but can be a potent stimulus for cardiac hypertrophy. Results: The distinct effects of α- and β-adrenergic pathways in the in vivo heart, which are difficult to dissociate using conventional pharmacologic techniques, have been delineated through the use of cardiac-specific transgenic overexpression of individual components of their respective signaling pathways. Ventricular remodeling resulting from overexpression of α-adrenergic receptors or the α subunit of the Gq heterotrimeric G protein takes the form of concentric or eccentric hypertrophy without ventricular dilation or myocardial fibrosis. Cardiomyocyte cell size is increased and a panel of hypertrophy-associated embryonic cardiac genes is reexpressed. These phenotypic features are characteristic of pressure overload hypertrophy, and inhibition of Gq signaling can, in fact, prevent pressure overload hypertrophy in mice. Increased signaling through Gq exceeding that which causes hypertrophy results in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and progression from compensated hypertrophy to dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: Transgenic overexpression of β-adrenergic receptors or the α subunit of the Gs heterotrimeric G protein results in the expected increase in myocardial contractility, but also causes a progressive cardiomyocyte loss resulting in a delayed fibrotic cardiomyopathy, thus recapitulating the clinical syndrome of catecholamine cardiomyopathy as seen with pheochromocytoma or iatrogenic catecholamine infusion. These effects of β-adrenergic receptors are concentration-dependent, and appear to be much more severe for the β 1 than the β 2 subtype, perhaps because of β 2 coupling to inhibitory Gi.
Direct synthesis of aqueous quantum dots through 4,4'-bipyridine-based twin ligand strategy.

We report a new class of derivatized 4,4′-bipyridinium ligands for use in synthesizing highly fluorescent, extremely stable, water-soluble CdSe and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) for bioconjugation. We employed an evaporation–condensation technique, also known as solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD), followed by a digestive ripening procedure. This method has been used to synthesize both metal nanoparticles and semiconductors in the gram scale with several stabilizing ligands in various solvents. The SMAD technique comprised evaporation condensation and stabilization of CdSe or CdTe in tetrahydrofuran. The as-prepared product was then digestively ripened in both water and dimethyl formamide, leading to narrowing of the particle size distributions. The ligands were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions using 4,4′-bipyridine as a nucleophile. Confocal microscopy images revealed the orange color of the nanocrystalline QDs with diameters of ∼5 nm. The size has been confirmed by using transmission...
Tabu search: An automatic treatment planning algorithm for conformal radiotherapy

Tabu search is a meta-heuristic process that guides the strategy of optimization through neighborhoods of a search domain while employing local search strategies within a neighborhood to find local optima. The method has been applied to 3-D conformal radiotherapy to optimize treatment plan parameters of number of beams, beam directions, beam weights, and wedges. The variable metric (quasi-Newton) method is used for local optimization with an objective function which includes importance-weighted parameters of maximum dose, partial volume, NTCP, and tumordose inhomogeneity limits. Plan complexity is also included to favor simpler plans. The heuristics guide the search through neighborhoods consisting of (1) plans with equally spaced beams for maximally distributed dose, (2) plans composed of opposed-pair beam components that concentrate dose in regions void of critical normal tissue, (3) plans with axial-only beams, and (4) plans that can have beams from axial and nonaxial directions. Within each neighborhood, plans are first optimized without wedges and without penalty for tumordose inhomogeneity. The best plans are then optimized with wedges to minimize the inhomogeneity. The final output consists of a prioritized list of treatment plans with comprehensive dose statistics and dose-volume histograms for final evaluation by a physician. Full optimization typically requires about one hour of run time. Verification tests were conducted for treatment sites of the brain,lung, prostate, and pancreas.
Exact Bounded Risk Estimation When the Terminal Sample Size and Estimator Are Dependent: The Exponential Case

Abstract Suppose that we have independent observations X 1,X 2,… having a common exponential distribution with a probability density function f(x;λ) = λ−1exp (− x/λ) if x > 0, and 0 elsewhere with unknown mean λ (> 0). Sequentially estimating the mean parameter λ is an important problem, and it has attracted attentions from many authors. The area was broadly reviewed by Mukhopadhyay (1988 1995b). Having recorded observations X 1,…,X n , suppose that the loss function in estimating λ by the sample mean, is given by where A(> 0) is known. Given a preassigned number w(> 0), our goal is to make the associated risk for all fixed λ > 0. We refer to w as the preassigned risk-bound. The minimum required fixed sample size n would be the smallest integer ≥ n* = Aλ2/w, but its magnitude remains unknown. Hence, we propose a genuine two-stage sampling design, , where the pilot sample size is m(≥ 3). Here, B≡ B m (> 0) is an appropriate design constant and ⟨ u⟩ stands for the largest integer < u. We finally estimate λ ...
Phase phonon spectrum and melting in a quantum rotor model with diagonal disorder

We study the zero temperature $(T=0)$ quantum rotor model with on-site disorder in the charging energy. Such a model may serve as an idealized Hamiltonian for an array of Josephson-coupled small superconducting grains or superfluid ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in a disordered environment. In the approximation of small-amplitude phase fluctuations, the Hamiltonian maps onto a system of coupled harmonic oscillators with on-site disorder. We study the effects of disorder in this harmonic regime, using the coherent potential approximation, obtaining the density of states and the lifetimes of the spin-wave-like excitations for several choices of the parameters which characterize the disorder. Finally, we estimate the parameters characterizing the $T=0$ quantum melting of the phase order, using a suitable Lindemann criterion.
Appearance of foetal antigens in somatic cells after interaction with heterologous sperm

GENETIC traits may be transferred to tissue cultured mammalian cells by interaction with viruses1,2, nucleic acids3,4, and cellular organelles such as metaphase chromosomes5–7, and by other cells3,8. Recent findings9 indicate that incubation of mouse spermatozoa with Chinese hamster bone marrow fibroblasts (CLM) results in uptake of sperm, morphological alterations, and, at a frequency of about 0.01%, subsequent mouse foetal antigen expression in the heterologous fibroblast progeny. To learn whether the efficiency of these processes can be enhanced, combinations of several species of sperm and target cells were studied in orienting experiments10.
The FAST and E-FAST in 2013: Trauma Ultrasonography: Overview, Practical Techniques, Controversies, and New Frontiers

This article reviews important literature on the FAST and E-FAST examinations in adults. It also reviews key pitfalls, limitations, and controversies. A practical "how-to" guide is presented. Lastly, new frontiers are explored.
Cryptococcosis and Cushing's Syndrome

Excerpt To the editor: Regarding the article by Drs. Ferguson and Smith, "Cryptococcosis and Cushing's Syndrome" (Ann Intern Med87:65-66, 1977), I believe that the first report in the English langu...
Purification of plant cell walls: isoelectric focusing of CaCl2 extracted enzymes

A preparative procedure for cell wall isolation and purification was developed. The purity of the isolated cell walls was judged biochemically by the lack of activity of cytoplasmic marker enzymes and morphologically by examination at both the light and electron microscope levels. The purified cell walls were extracted with various salt treatments and the molecular weight range of most of the extracted proteins was between 14 and 31 kDa. The salt extracted hydrolytic enzymes were basic in nature (pI>7.0) compared to their cytosolic counterparts (pI<7.0). Some enzymes were readily extracted from cell walls (β-glucosidase and β-NAcglucosaminidase) with high salt treatment while most of the α-mannosidase activity associated with purified cell walls could not be removed even with sequential high salt treatments.
High levels of endogenous estrogens are associated with death in the critically injured adult.

Trauma-related deaths occurring days to weeks after injury are complex events frequently secondary to sepsis or multiple organ failure. These events, which reflect the magnitude of the original insult, are often the result of dysfunctions of the normally homeostatic immune and inflammatory systems. A number of demographic, clinical, and genetic factors influence the magnitude of the inflammatory response, which ranges from ineffective (predisposing the patient to infectious complications) to exaggerated (leading to inflammatory induced organ failure). One demographic variable that seems to be important in this regard (at least in animal models) is gender. Specifically, the immune and inflammatory properties of endogenous estrogens and testosterone are thought to underlie the differential outcomes related to gender observed in animal models. In these models, the estrus state is associated with an intact immune response and a survival advantage after trauma-hemorrhage, whereas men and ovariectomized women have depressed immune systems and higher mortality rates.1-6 The relationship between gender and outcomes after critical injury in humans remains unclear despite multiple observational studies.7-20 Most studies have been unable to detect a difference in overall survival, even when adequately powered.7,8,10,12-15,18 An important difference between humans and animal models with regards to sexual dimorphism is the unique mechanisms of estrogen biosynthesis during stress that is present in humans (and other primates). Despite hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) suppression, endogenous estrogens are elevated in response to various types of critical illness (sepsis, trauma, postmyocardial infarction) regardless of gender.6,8,20-24 In a validated model of the endocrine response to stress, Spratt et al.25 demonstrated that increased peripheral aromatization, not decreased metabolism or clearance, is the source of the increased estrogens. The biological role of increased estrogens during critical illness in humans is uncertain, but elevated estradiol has been linked to adverse outcomes in medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with severe infection8 and in a mixed surgical ICU population.26 Although estrogens may simply reflect global illness rather than be part of the causal pathway, their association with outcomes in the trauma population is unknown. Our hypothesis was that endogenous estrogens would be associated with mortality in critically inured patients, regardless of gender. Our objective was to test this hypothesis in a cohort of critically ill trauma patients and to determine whether or not serum estradiol could accurately predict death in this population.
Flying the flag: gender and national identity in English newspapers during the 2006 World Cup.

This essay analyses selected English newspapers’ gendered narratives about the English soccer team’s star player, Wayne Rooney, and the captain, David Beckham. Narratives are compared with those devoted to Rooney’s fiancee, Coleen McLoughlin, and Beckham’s wife, Victoria, who with other players’ wives and girlfriends (WAGS) travelled to Germany to support England during the 2006 World Cup. It uses textual analysis to examine how the newspapers’ gendered narratives intersected with nationalistic discourses. Theoretical insight is drawn from Connell’s theory of gender power relations. Narratives about Rooney emphasize his northern working-class roots in the construction of his hegemonic hypermasculinity and role as a ‘patriot at play,’ while narratives about McLoughlin illustrate her subordinate role. More fluid and contradictory narratives are reserved for Beckham, who is known for his more androgynous image, and his wife Victoria, whose strong influence over ‘the skipper’ challenged the traditional gender...
The effects of antibrain antibodies on brain cell suspensions as determined by a cytocrit method.

One of the earliest changes seen in histological sections of the central nervous system of animals with allergic encephalomyelitis is swelling of myelin and glia.1 Such effects have also been noted in myelin and glia in cultures of CNS tissue exposed to sera of animals with AE and of human MS patients.2–4 A cytocrit (packed cell volume) method, used with other types of cells5,6 was adapted for measuring the swelling effect of AE sera on brain cell suspensions. A detailed description of this method is presented in a separate communication.7 Sera from rabbits inoculated with encephalitogen and showing paralysis of AE, added to saline suspensions of rat brain cells, causes an increase in the cytocrit. Some results of the application of this method are presented in this paper.
THE PNEUMOCOCCAL CAPSULAR SWELLING REACTION, STUDIED WITH THE AID OF THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Electron micrographs indicate, in harmony with previous findings, that the pneumococcal capsule is a gel of low density outside of and closely applied to the bacterial cell wall. Interaction with homologous immune rabbit serum greatly increases the thickness and density of this capsular gel; the increase in thickness of the specifically swollen pneumococcal capsule may exceed by 25-fold the thickness of the surface deposit caused by rabbit immune serum on the cell walls and flagella of homologous non-capsulated bacteria. Conclusions drawn from these and earlier data are that homologous immune serum permeates the pneumococcal capsular gel; the specific antibody combines with the capsular polysaccharide; non-specific serum components are secondarily adsorbed to or combined with the specific antigen-antibody complex. The relatively low antibacterial titers characteristic of pneumococcal antisera can be explained in part by the permeation of the capsule by antiserum, in part by the high combining capacity of pneumococcal carbohydrate for antibody (17).
An interview with the chief of police of rochester, n. y

What has been accomplished by the Rochester police department sounds deceptively easy as Chief Kavanaugh relates it. Sound judgment, per severance adn energy united with science and high ideals to get results
Sexual Risk Taking: For Better or Worse

Abstract Risk assessment can be an effective pedagogical strategy for sexuality education. Objectives: After learning about the modes of transmission and prevention strategies of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), students engaged in this teaching technique will define sexual intercourse and sexual activity, assess the level of STI risk associated with eight sexual behaviors, and identify positive alternatives to each sexual behavior. Target Audience: This activity is designed for use with adolescents in high school and youth group settings, and it can be used in teacher preparation programs.