cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implicit and explicit memory in patients with Parkinson's disease with and without dementia.

Objective: To study explicit and implicit memory processes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Design: Case-control design. All subjects were given a neuropsychological test battery, and the test scores were compared among the groups. Setting: Government-funded research facility. All subjects were examined as outpatients. Patients: We tested nondemented (n=13) and demented (n=5) patients with Parkinson's disease and normal controls (n=12) matched for age, gender, and educational level. Main Outcome Measures: Memory for verbal and pictorial stimuli under both explicit and implicit retrieval conditions. Results: Both nondemented and demented patients with Parkinson's disease exhibited impairment on tests of explicit memory. Their impairment could be graded based on the level of effort required by the task: impaired free recall in nondemented patients and impaired free recall, cued recall, and recognition in demented patients. By contrast, neither group showed evidence of impairment on automatic (modality monitoring and word frequency estimation) or implicit (word and picture fragment identification) memory tasks. Correlation analyses did not support any association between the effortful memory deficits and neurologic variables, mood, or performance on executive function tests. Conclusions: Memory deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease primarily involve the conscious, effortful strategic aspects of searching long-term memory.
Implementing Effective Controls in a Mobile, Agile, Cloud-Enabled Enterprise

In today's enterprise, security teams that call for security to be "everyone's responsibility" and "built in, not bolted on" are struggling to protect their businesses in the face of consumerization, mobility, cloud, and agile business environments. This article offers tangible techniques to turn these cliches into reality while considering the cultural and trust barriers that hinder the implementation of effective controls.
RE-AIM: evidence-based standards and a Web resource to improve translation of research into practice.

Background: Health services data indicate that under present conditions evidence-based medical and preventive practices are not consistently implemented in clinical practice and affect the quality of care provided to patients. Operating with similar conditions and resources, it is unlikely that evidencebased behavioral medicine (EBBM) practices will be more successfully implemented.Purpose: In this article we propose ways to help improve the implementation of EBBM practice.Methods: This article describes the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework that is available on a free-use Web site (http://www. re-aim.org), which offers practical research translation tools, resources, and support for program planners, community leaders, and researchers. The material located at www.re-aim.org can be used to help anticipate and overcome likely barriers to dissemination and to estimate eventual public health impact.Results: Data on Web site utilization and lessons learned thus far in its implementation are presented.Conclusions: Scientists and public health leaders should devote greater attention to reporting practice-oriented issues such as generalizability, breadth of application, and pragmatic and setting or contextual issues in addition to the current focus on internal validity issues. We hope that this and similar efforts will assist EBBM interventions to have broader applications, be consistently implemented, and be sustained.
Evidence for a novel bursting mechanism in rodent trigeminal neurons.

Abstract We investigated bursting behavior in rodent trigeminal neurons. The essential mechanisms operating in the biological systems were determined based on testable predictions of mathematical models. Bursting activity in trigeminal motoneurons is consistent with a traditional mechanism employing a region of negative slope resistance in the steady-state current-voltage relationship (Smith, T. G. 1975. Nature . 253:450–452). However, the bursting dynamics of trigeminal interneurons is inconsistent with the traditional mechanisms, and is far more effectively explained by a new model of bursting that exploits the unique stability properties associated with spike threshold (Baer, S. M., T. Erneux, and J. Rinzel. 1989. SIAM J . Appl . Math . 49:55–71).
Goodbye Cinema, Hello Cinephilia: Film Culture in Transition by Jonathan Rosenbaum. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010

When it comes to the topic of contemporary cinema, most observers will readily agree that today's films are different from the films of previous generations. Such agreement comes to a screeching ha...
Feedback in Clinical Education, Part I: Characteristics of Feedback Provided by Approved Clinical Instructors

Context: Providing students with feedback is an important component of athletic training clinical education; however, little information is known about the feedback that Approved Clinical Instructo...
Modulation of phagocytic and oxidative burst activities of bovine neutrophils by human recombinant TNF-α, IL-1-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF

In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effects of recombinant cytokines on phagocytic and oxidative burst activities of bovine neutrophils. Neutrophils were isolated (purity >91%, viability >97%) from EDTA-anticoagulated blood from healthy Holstein-Friesian heifers. Aliquots of neutrophils (10 × 106 cells/ml) were incubated for 1 h at 37 °C with equal volumes of recombinant human cytokines, namely, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-α, 0.5–1000 ng/ml), interleukin-1-alpha (rhIL-1-α, 0.001–10 ng/ml), interferon-gamma (rhIFN-γ, 0.01–100 ng/ml), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF, 25 ng/ml), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF, 10 ng/ml). Then, the percentage phagocytosis and average number of intracellular bacteria per cell were evaluated by flow cytometry and/or fluorescent microscopy using FITC-labelled opsonised bacteria (Escherichia coli 0111:B4). Unlabelled opsonised bacteria and dichlorofluorescin diacetate were used to evaluate H2O2 production, a measure of oxidative burst, by flow cytometry. The results showed that all five cytokines significantly (p <0.05) increased percentage phagocytosis (52.4–86.1%), number of intracellular bacteria per cell (24.9–47.9%), and H2O2 production (31.3–58.2%) when compared to untreated neutrophils. A gradual increase in mean channel fluorescence but not in percentage phagocytosis was consistently seen with increasing concentrations of rhTNF-α, rhIL-1-α, and rhIFN-γ, thereby indicating a concentration-dependent stimulation of phagocytic capacity by these three cytokines.
Group Process and Childbirth Education A Position Paper

Each childbirth education class has a group life of its own, and the responsibility for the group functioning is shared among all members. Experiential learning derived through group functioning has the potential for being as significant as the learning of specific skills. Formulating a contract between the teacher/leader and the members of the class can help in clarifying realistic objectives and goals. The teacher/leader can assist couples to learn new behavior and to confront their own feelings about becoming parents.
Microcystins, nutrient dynamics, and other environmental factors during blooms of non-microcystin-producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2009

Abstract Seasonal phytoplankton blooms dominated by cyanobacteria in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, produce toxic microcystins at concentrations that may be detrimental to local wildlife. In 2009, water column, sediment trap, and surficial sediment samples were collected to relate the occurrences of microcystins in these samples to other environmental variables. Microcystin concentrations in sediment trap and surficial sediment samples were lower than in water column samples, and sediment trap samples contained higher concentrations than surficial sediment samples, with a peak in one sample (1107 μg/g) that exceeded the maximum concentration measured in any other water or sediment sample from this area. Concentrations of microcystins and cells of Microcystis aeruginosa increased following the decline of the first bloom dominated by non-microcystin-producing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to an increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Results of this study also show that nitrogen fixation by ...
Homology between SV40 DNA and DNA of normal and SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells.

Abstract The extent of homology between simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA and DNA of normal and SV40-transformed Chinese hamster (ChH) DNA has been studied by DNA-RNA and by DNA-DNA hybridization. Evidence was found for the existence of some complementary sequence between SV40 DNA and ChH and CV-1 cell DNA. However, these complexes had a different thermal stability from those of SV40 DNA or SV40-complementary RNA (cRNA) with SV40-transformed cell DNA.
The effects of nozzle geometry on waterjet breakup at high Reynolds numbers

Waterjet breakup is traditionally considered to follow the Ohnesorge classification. In this classification, high Reynolds number waterjets are considered to atomize quickly after discharge. By generating a constricted waterjet where the water flow stays detached all the way through the nozzle, we have observed the first wind-induced breakup mode at high Reynolds numbers. Such a peculiar behavior, however, was not observed in non-constricted waterjets. Our results indicate that, constricted jets do not follow the Ohnesorge classification, in contrast to the non-constricted waterjets. We discuss the impact of nozzle geometry on the characteristics of waterjets and support our discussion by numerical simulations.
A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Children's Preferences of Package Design: The U.S and China

ABSTRACT. This research explores children's preferences of package design. Based on the extant literature, we develop two hypotheses concerning gender differences in children's preferences for curvilinearity and figurativeness of package designs, as well as four testable research propositions to explore country differences in these preferences. An analysis of data from 555 U.S. and 682 Chinese children 6–12 years of age reveals that, unlike prior findings on gender differences in adults’ preferences for straight or curved shapes, children generally prefer curved package shapes. Additionally, the results suggest that girls have a greater preference for figurative package shapes than boys do. Cross-cultural differences are also found. We present theoretical and managerial implications and future research directions in the concluding sections.
Cyclic Nucleotides as Intracellular Mediators of the Expression of Antigen-sensitive Cells

The interaction of antigen with antigen-sensitive cells can lead to antibody synthesis (induction) or can render these cells non-inducible (paralysis). Cyclic AMP may be the intracellular mediator of a paralytic signal whereas both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may be required as mediators of an inductive signal.
Spur Decay Kinetics of the Solvated Electron in Heavy Water Radiolysis

Spur decay kinetics of the hydrated electron following picosecond pulse radiolysis of heavy water have been measured using a time-correlated absorption spectroscopy (TCAS) technique. The TCAS data collected for the first 40 ns of the decay was matched up with single-shot transient digitizer data out to microsecond time scales. The decay shape in heavy water looks exactly like the decay in light water except in the first 10 ns. The “time zero” solvated electron yield in heavy water radiolysis must be approximately 7% larger than in light water, to match the best available scavenger product measurements. We propose an explanation in terms of the larger distances traveled by electrons in heavy water prior to localization. The implication is that presolvated H2O+ “holes” are very efficient scavengers for the presolvated conduction band electrons.
Antibodies to human c-myc oncogene product: evidence of an evolutionarily conserved protein induced during cell proliferation

Antisera to a synthetic c-myc peptide and to c-myc antigens synthesized from various portions of the human gene expressed in Escherichia coli were used in order to characterize the protein product of the human c-myc oncogene. Although the deduced molecular weight of the human c-myc protein is 49,000, these antisera precipitate a protein from human cells that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel as if its molecular weight were 65,000. In addition, the mouse c-myc protein, whether synthesized in cells or in a cell-free system directed by pure, synthetic messenger RNA, has analogous properties and is immunoprecipitated by the antiserum to the human c-myc protein. Similar proteins are immunoprecipitated from monkey, rat, hamster, and frog cells, suggesting evolutionary conservation of antigenic structure of the c-myc protein among vertebrates. In addition, and in a manner consistent with the behavior of its messenger RNA, the immunoprecipitable c-myc protein is sharply induced by the action of mitogens on resting human T cells.
An Intercarrier Interference Reduction Receiver for OFDM Systems in Time Varying Channels

In this paper, we propose a scheme to improve the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems when operating in time varying channels. When the channel is time varying, the orthogonality among the subcarriers of a transmitted OFDM symbol is destroyed, causing intercarrier interference, and degrading the system performance. The proposed scheme aims to effectively reduce the effect of intercarrier interference. The advantages of the proposed scheme are shown via analysis and simulation.
The utility of thoracic radiographic measurement for the detection of cardiomegaly in cats with pleural effusion.

Right lateral thoracic radiographs from four groups of age and weight matched cats were evaluated retrospectively to determine the utility of thoracic mensuration in distinguishing the cause of pleural effusion. Group 1 cats had no thoracic abnormalities (n = 40); Group 2 cats had cardiomegaly without pleural effusion (n = 12); Group 3 cats had noncardiogenic pleural effusion (n = 10); Group 4 cats had cardiogenic pleural effusion (n = 18). Measurements obtained from the radiographs demonstrated tracheal elevation in cats with cardiomegaly alone and in cats with pleural effusion, regardless of cause. These data demonstrate that pleural effusion displaces the thoracic viscera dorsally, thereby mimicking cardiomegaly. Similar measurements failed to differentiate cardiogenic from noncardiogenic pleural effusion, with the exception of the lateral thoracic dimension.
Implementation of tight glucose control for critically ill surgical patients: a process improvement analysis.

Abstract Background: Tight glucose control has been advocated as a method to improve outcomes of surgical critical care. However, continuous infusion of insulin has potential morbidity (e.g., neurologic consequences of hypoglycemia), and it remains unclear to what degree the glucose concentration must be controlled. We examined our performance in instituting a protocol for tight glucose control in our surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Prospective study of 220 consecutive patients (February, 2003–March, 2006) who received an infusion of insulin for glucose control for >24 h by protocol. Data collected included age, acuity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] III) score, sex, history of diabetes mellitus, organ dysfunction (Marshall), and death or survival. Infusion-related data included initial glucose concentration, time to glucose <120 mg/dL, h/day of glucose <110 mg/dL and <140 mg/dL, duration of infusion (days), insulin units/day, year of therapy, and complications. Analy...
Ultra-thin oxide reliability for ULSI applications

In this article, we critically examine the limit of gate oxide scaling from a reliability point of view. The thickness dependence of the characteristic breakdown time (charge) and Weibull slope as well as the temperature dependence of oxide breakdown are measured with emphasis on accuracy. The failure modes of soft and hard breakdown events and their impact on device characteristics are reviewed. Using a two-dimensional reliability analysis, we explore the relative importance of characteristic breakdown time and Weibull slope in lifetime projection, and the possibilities of extending gate oxide beyond the currently predicted limit.
Higher-Order Corrections to Leptonic Processes and the Renormalization of Weinberg's Theory of Weak Interactions in the Unitary Gauge

Higher-order corrections to the leptonic processes such as muon decay and neutrino-lepton scattering are investigated in order to study the problems associated with the renormalization of the Weinberg theory of weak interactions in the unitary gauge. It is shown that there are definite ways to carry out the renormalization programs and the residual divergences (quadratic as well as logarithmic) cancel out systematically. As a result we find that the higher-order corrections to these processes and the neutrino charge radius are all finite. As a by-product, we find that the logarithmic residual divergences in the elastic $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}$ scattering also cancel out.
Quilts and T-Systems

B3, the 3-string braid group, has an action on pairs of elements of a group G which is of importance in the study of Moonshine and its generalizations. We call the orbits of this action T-systems, and in particular we wish to study T-systems for finite groups. In this paper, we show that certain diagrams, called quilts, completely represent the structure of T-systems. More importantly, one can draw the quilt of even a fairly sizeable T-system from easily obtainable group-theoretic information, using what we call the multiplication principle and the patch theorem. We give several examples of this process.
Neurosteroid modulation of arterial baroreflex function in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

Abstract Through both genomic and nongenomic actions, ovarian hormones and their metabolites have significant effects on the central nervous system to modulate a variety of regulatory systems, including the cardiovascular system. The major metabolite of progesterone, 3α-hydroxy-dihydroprogesterone, is the most potent endogenous positive modulator of GABA A receptors known and central nervous system levels of this progesterone metabolite fluctuate with the ovarian cycle and are elevated in pregnant animals. Pregnancy is associated with attenuated arterial baroreflex sympathoexcitation and increased tonic GABAergic inhibition of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) likely contributes. The current experiments were performed to determine if the effects of pregnancy on arterial baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity could be mimicked by microinjection of the neuroactive progesterone metabolite into the RVLM. Compared to control values, 15 min after microinjection of 3α-hydroxy-dihydroprogesterone into the RVLM ( n = 10), baseline renal sympathetic nerve activity was decreased to 82% of baseline, and the range (157 ± 10 to 131 ± 11%) and maximum nerve activity (164 ± 9 to 136 ± 12%) for the arterial baroreflex curves were decreased. In contrast, microinjection of the inactive isomer, 3β-hydroxy-dihydroprogesterone into the RVLM ( n = 9), had no effect on baseline nerve activity or the arterial baroreflex nerve activity range or maximum. Thus, although multiple mechanisms likely contribute to pregnancy associated changes in baroreflex function, these experiments suggest that increased levels of 3α-hydroxy-dihydroprogesterone in the RVLM might contribute.
A New Orbit Determination for Bright Sungrazing Comet of 1843

Given the critical role of the bright sungrazer C/1843 D1, also called the Great March Comet of 1843, in hypotheses of the origin and evolution of the Kreutz system, a new orbital investigation of this comet was desirable. Closely inspecting Kreutz's classical work, we conclude that his result of 512 yr for the orbital period, which has been endlessly quoted in the literature and employed in studies of the sungrazer system's evolution, is not realistic. We derive improved sets of orbital elements based on the best astrometric observations available from 1843, using new comparison star positions from the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues. We find that the 1843 osculating value of the orbital period was most probably between 600 and 800 yr and that the observations are consistent with a forced value of 742 yr, in which case comet C/1843 D1 could be a major (and possibly the most massive) fragment of X/1106 C1, the celebrated sungrazer of 1106.
TAXATION IN FISCAL EXCHANGE

Abstract Methodologically, the fiscal exchange paradigm is superior to its alternatives. This is demonstrated by the use of a simplified example. Difficulties arise when political processes force departures from basic exchange. Traditional equity norms can be viewed as constitutional protections against undue fiscal exploitation. In a broader perspective, the exchange paradigm remains applicable at the constitutional level. There are major philosophical advantages in remaining within the constitutional-contractarian framework.
THE NUCLEON-NUCLEON SPIN-ORBIT POTENTIAL.

Empirical evidence for considering the repulsive core of nucleon-nucleon interactions and the spin-orbit interaction as originating in a vector field coupling is discussed. It is shown that the large mass of the mesons which appears to fit present scattering experiments should have been an obstacle in their direct detection. Antinucleonnucleon scattering falls in naturally with the explanation. Related phenomena such as the photodisintegration of the deuteron, the binding energy of the triton, and electromagnetic nucleon form factors are found not to contain direct contradictions with the hypothesis and even to support it to a degree. (auth)
935-31 Rebulking After Directional Atherectomy Compared with Balloon Angioplasty: Quantitative Lesion Morphology

We have previously shown that the proportional loss in minimum lumen diameter (MLD) after directional atherectomy (DCA) is greater than after balloon angioplasty (BA). To examine whether other parameters of lesion morphology show the same increase in loss with DCA. we analyzed the post-procedure and 6 month follow-up angiograms in 228 patients randomized to DCA or BA in the Canadian Coronary Atherectomy Trial (CCAT) in whom no crossover between procedures occurred. Initial gain and late loss in MLD, initial reduction (red) and late increase (Inc) in lesion length (LL) and initial “debulk” and late “rebulk” in plaque area (PA) were compared by procedure. Mean values ( ± sem), measured by automatic interpolative quantitative coronary analysis (CMS) are given: MLD(mm) LL(mm) PA(mm2) (n) Gain * Loss * Red ** Inc * Debulk † Rebulk † DCA (111) 1.47 ± 0.04 0.81 ± 0.06 6.75 ± 0.47 5.58 ± 0.61 10.2 ± 0.53 6.8 ± 0.71 SA (117) 115 ± 0.04 0.41 ± 0.05 4.69 ± 0.47 2.80 ± 0.51 8.7 ± 0.59 3.9 ± 67 * P l 0.001 ** P l 0.01 † p l 0.05 Compared to BA, DCA produced a significantly (*P l 0.001, **P l 0.01. †P l 0.05) larger increase in MLD and decrease in both LL and PA (from pre- to post-procedure). However. this was offset by a greater late loss in MLD and increase in LL and PA (P values as above from post- to follow-up procedure). Resultant net changes (from pre- to follow up procedure) were not different. These results confirm that DCA more effectively “debulks” lesions. DCA. however. was associated with more “rebulking” in the follow-up period. so that the net results on quantitative lesion morphology of the two interventions were the same. These findings are consistent regardless of the quantitative angiographic parameter examined. Conclusions DCA appears to have a device specific effect on the restenotic process which is probably related to the amount of vessel wall injury associated with this procedure
Interfacial tension studies on surfactant systems at the aqueous/perfluorocarbon interface

Abstract The effect of different phospholipid based emulsifier systems on dynamic interfacial tension at the perfluorocarbon/aqueous interface was investigated using a polytetrafluoroethylene Wilhelmy plate method. A standard phospholipid mixture composed of synthetic analogs of the major molecular species present in lecithin was formulated to represent natural egg yolk lecithin in these studies. Natural egg yolk lecithin and Pluronic F68 were studied for comparison with the standard phospholipid mixture. Analogs of the minor phospholipid species present in lecithin and other surfactant systems were investigated as additives to the standard phospholipid mixture as follows: phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, cholesterol oleate and Pluronic F68. The perfluorocarbon/distilled water interface is a non-interacting system and therefore ideal for use in interfacial characterization of the different phospholipids and investigation of the effect of slight changes in composition on the interfacial properties of phospholipid mixtures. Low concentrations of the surfactant systems were used so that small changes in the interfacial properties could be detected on addition of the various additives. The equilibrium interfacial tension value of the standard phospholipid mixture increased on the addition of charged phospholipids; phospholipids with short fatty acyl groups and phospholipids with small head groups. The addition of Pluronic F68, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol and cholesterol oleate to the standard phospholipid mixture resulted in lower dynamic interfacial tension values.
Optical second-harmonic generation by polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal films

Measurements of second harmonic generation (SHG) by polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films have been carried out using nanosecond pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The PDLC films consist of micron-sized droplets of liquid crystal dispersed in a polymer matrix. The liquid crystal-polymer interface breaks inversion symmetry, allowing SHG, and the large surface to volume ratio may enhance the signal intensity. The intensity of the signal depends on the dielectric permittivity difference across the interface, and thus changes in orientational order or configuration of the liquid crystal in the inclusions give rise to changes in the second harmonic intensity. The authors have measured the temperature dependence of the SH signal from PDLC films at temperatures both below and above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystal in the film. An externally applied electric field can affect the orientation of the liquid crystal, and hence affect the SHG. The modulation of the intensity of the second harmonic signal by a low frequency voltage applied across the film, as well as the effects of droplet size on SHG in PDLC films, have been studied. Possible mechanisms responsible for the measured results are discussed.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
THEORIZING CITIZENSHIP FROM THE MARGINS

Democratic theorists devote much attention to citizenship. What might it mean, though, to theorize citizenship specifically from the margins? The presumption made here is that working from the margins indicates a concern for, and a sensitivity to, the views, needs and aspirations of those on the margins of society and attempts to attend to these. As the focus for this article is citizenship, the particular experimenting with such work done here is rooted in the experience of marginalization of certain groups in their exclusion from the formal relationships within the spheres of citizenship. The paper describes other spheres in which these groups have always been active. The experiences of many women and marginalized minorities in these other spheres suggest alternative possibilities for an “integrated” view of citizenship. After demonstrating this, I seek to articulate some of the concrete obstacles feminists face in enacting this “integrated” form of democratic citizenship.
Direct determination of steroidal sulfates.

Abstract The acylation of steroid sulfates by heating at 70°C for 0.5 h with heptafluorobutyric anhydride occurs in quantitative yield. The ester formed is the same as that obtained when the free steroid was so treated with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Proof was provided by classical chemical analyses. The steroid sulfates of cord blood plasma were extracted and separated on Sephadex LH-20. Acylation with heptafluorobutyric anhydride was followed by gas chromatography with detection by electron capture. Results of analyses of steroid sulfates in human cord blood show the presence of estriol and 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone.
Performance evaluation of a pneumatic-based micromixer for bioconjugation reaction

The bioconjugation efficiency resulting from three PDMS based continuous flow micromixers are experimentally studied at various sample flow rates and pneumatic actuation frequencies. In this study, streptavidin-coupled paramagnetic microbeads and biotin-coupled fluorescent microbeads are separately injected into the micromixers and the resultant binding efficiency is measured by the fluorescence emission of the conjugated beads. The unconjugated beads are removed via magnetic separation. Fluorescence resulting from the conjugation process peaks at 10Hz for each design. Fluorescence resulting from varying the sample flow rate indicates that bioconjugation efficiency peaks at specific flow rates, which vary slightly from design to design. The highest observed efficiency during flow rate tests was observed at 0.8μL/min.
Growth of high quality amorphous silicon-germanium films using low pressure remote electron-cyclotron-resonance discharge

Abstract The growth and properties of amorphous silicon-germanium [a-(Si,Ge):H] films using a low pressure remote electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) discharge are reported on. It is shown that the use of ion bombardment using He ions at low pressures leads to the growth of material with low H concentration and excellent electronic properties. High photo-sensitivities and low Urbach energies and sub-gap defect densities using He discharges were obtained. It is also shown that the band gap of the film for a given Ge Si ratio is less when He is used as the plasma gas compared with when H is used. The use of He allows a lower gap to be achieved even for a-Si:H, without sacrificing the electronic properties.
Aromatization and 19-hydroxylation of androgens by rat brain cytochrome P-450

The oxidative metabolism of androgens in the rat brain includes aromatization preceded by the requisite 19-hydroxylation. We have examined the transformation of [19-C3H3]androstenedione and [4-14C]testosterone by the semipurified cytochrome P-450 fraction of the rat brain. [19-C3H3]Androstenedione generated tritiated water and formic acid in a ratio of 8 to 1 indicating that 19-hydroxylation in the brain far exceeds that necessary for aromatization. This was confirmed by the results of the 14C-testosterone incubation in which the 14C labeled 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo derivatives which were isolated exceeded the yield of 14C-estrogens by several fold. Thus the rat brain has the capacity to form in situ 19-hydroxylated androgens which are not available to it from the circulation.
More strategies are needed to promote wellbeing among doctors, conference hears

Experts in doctors’ health have said that it is time to act on the growing body of knowledge worldwide about stresses on doctors and to develop more strategies and initiatives to improve their health and wellbeing. Speaking at the 2012 International Conference on Physician Health in Montreal, Anna Reid, president of the Canadian Medical Association, said, “Physician health is finally getting the recognition and attention it deserves. It is a sign that increasingly we are openly acknowledging this critical need to promote, preserve, and manage the health …
Mobility evaluation for urban public transportation

Summary This paper has reported on a study of relative opportunity—not absolute opportunity. Minimum absolute standards for mobility or accessibility are difficult to justify. Some additional study into the development and application of absolute mobility standards may be warranted. The application of the mobility evaluation model has primarily focused upon a corridor line‐haul system. Conclusions suggest that such a system will not markedly improve existing transit mobility levels in either the peak hour or the off‐peak. The experimental work has verified this conclusion, and more importantly, it has detailed quantitatively the exact levels and spatial distribution of mobility improvements. However, this study does not include a comprehensive analysis of all methods of mobility enhancement, nor does it undertake a comparison of alternative means of mobility improvement. Certainly other methods to improve access to opportunities should be explored before policy considerations are finalized. These methods ...
SU‐E‐T‐430: Planning and Dosimetric Comparison of the Gamma Knife Convolution and TMR 10 Algorithms

Purpose: To compare the dose distributions for identical treatment plans calculated by the Gamma Knife TMR 10 and convolution algorithms and measured with film dosimetry. Methods: An anthropomorphic head phantom was CT imaged with EBT2 film placed between each of seven axial sections. The resulting data set was used to plan three 16mm collimated targets on the Gamma Knife Perfexion, with each target centered on a film plane. Target 1 was placed within a homogeneous region while Targets 2 and 3 were placed in heterogeneous regions, i.e. tissue‐air and bone‐tissue interfaces, respectively. Plans using the same targets were made using both the TMR 10 and convolution algorithms. The prescription was delivered to the phantom using the TMR 10 treatment plans after which the convolution treatment plans were adjusted to Result in identical treatment times, thus ensuring identical dose delivery. Film dosimetry was done to determine actual dose delivered at target center and was compared to the predicted dose for each algorithm. Results: While there was strong correlation between both algorithms, the convolution algorithm predicted a higher delivered maximum dose than TMR 10, up to 2.5% higher in homogeneous tissue and up to 7% near an air cavity. Film dosimetry results were consistent with the convolution algorithm predictions, with an error of less than three percent. Conclusion: The Gamma Knife convolution algorithm predicts delivered dose to a clinically acceptable level, which was confirmed by film dosimetry. However, film in an anthropomorphic head phantom may not be adequate to measure the most significant differences between the two algorithms. Precise stereotactic treatments will require precise dosimetry, and a phantom developed specifically with Gamma Knife geometry in mind may be necessary to fully characterize the dosimetry at anatomy interfaces.
The influence of molecular weight distribution on the solubility analysis of irradiated rubber

A polymer with an average of u units/molecule gives a sol fraction s after a radiation dose R which may be related to the probabilities of fracture (p) or crosslinking (q) per unit dose by the equation: s/sub 3/2/ = pq/sup -1/ + (quR)/sup -1/ Results are reported for rubber whose molecular weight was randomized by thermal oxidation prior to irradiation by 4-Mev electrons. The data, plotted on a s/sub 3/2/ vs 1/R graph, agrees with the equation at higher doses, whereas the data for a nonrandomized sample does not. (D.L.C.)
Consumer Feelings and Equilibrium Product Quality

This paper considers the possibility that a firm can invest not only in the true product quality, but also in activities such as merchandizing and store atmospherics that influence consumer perception of the product quality. Consumers make their purchase decisions based on the signal (perception) of quality they experience, where the signal is influenced by both the true product quality valued by the consumer and the affect of the consumer at the time of the signal formation. In this situation, a firm finds it optimal to invest in both product quality and in variables inducing affect, even though rational consumers, in equilibrium, correctly solve back for the true product quality. We uncover an asymmetry in the effects of the cost of producing quality and the cost of inducing affect. As a firm’s cost of quality decreases, the firm will find it optimal to invest more both in the true quality and in the affect inducement, evenifitdoesnothavealowercostofinducingaffect.Conversely,ifafirmfinds it easier to induce affect, then the product quality decreases but affect-inducing activities increase. Under competition, we find that the firm investing more in quality also invests more in affect creation. An implication of this is that in a competitive environment, consumers can rationally associate an up-lifting store atmosphere, affect inducing merchandizing, or mood-creating communication with high quality products even when the firm has no need to signal their private cost of quality information, and when there is no consumption externality of the affect. We also analyze the case in which firms might have different costs and consumers are uncertain about the costs incurred by a given firm. Here
New species and other notes in the Malvaceae

The following species are described as new: Herissantia dressleri, Hibiscus longifilus, and Pavonia gentryi from Mexico, and Hibiscuswilsonii from Brazil. The comparative morphology and distribution of the MexicanPavonia melanommata Robins. & Seat. var.melanommata and ofP. melanommata var.pringleana R. E. Fries are discussed.
Network relaxation properties of crosslinked poly(ethyl acrylate) and polydimethylsiloxane in the rubbery plateau region

Abstract : The stress relaxation properties of poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly (dimethyl siloxane) were investigated under conditions where oxidative degradation was minimized. The relaxation observed is thought to result from the continued approach to equilibrium of the network chains with cooperative thermal motion. These elastomers, representing two new classes of polymer, and two new types of crosslinking, were found to behave surprisingly like natural rubber and butadiene-styrene copolymer. (Author)
Biophysical Study of the Mode of Action of the Tetracycline Antibiotics: Inhibition of Metalloflavoenzyme NADH Cytochrome Oxidoreductase

A considerable amount of evidence indicates that the tetracyclines may produce their antibiotic action by inhibition of metalloflavoenzymes. In this investigation the inhibitory properties of a series of biologically active and inactive tetracycline analogs on the metalloflavoenzyme, NADH–cytochrome c oxidoreductase, were investigated. Those analogs capable of inhibiting the enzyme appeared to act, at least partially, by chelation of enzyme-bound metal. The site of chelation on the tetracycline molecule appeared to be the C-11 to C-12 chromophore, or the C-1, C-2, C-3 region involving the 2-carboxamide group of the tetracycline molecule. Both modification of the 2-carboxamide substituent and epimerization of the 4-dimethyl-amino group resulted in loss of inhibitory effect. This parallels known structure-antibiotic activity relationships for these compounds. Inactive isotetracycline, tetracycline methiodide, and dedimethylaminotetracycline were able to inhibit the enzyme at least as well as the parent tetracyclines. These compounds might lack antibiotic activity due to inability to enter bacterial cells.
Social Psychology in the Late Qing Period

In Donald Munro's observation, Chinese thinking, from Confucian to Maoist, has emphasized the unity of knowledge, feeling, and action. This Chinese penchant for linking man's innermost thoughts with actions that incur social consequences is radically different from the Western liberal-individualistic assumptions that "man's dominant traits exist independently of any social context." It underlies a concept of man that perceives him as totally malleable by society and the state (Munro, 1977: 25-27, 47). In my opinion, Munro's linking Confucianism and Maoism is too facile. Historically speaking, a non-Chinese factor, social psychology, has intervened between the two. Western social psychology entered Chinese intellectual consciousness in the last decade of the Qing period. At that time, social psychology was at its inception and concerned itself with the phenomenon of the "group mind," a notion that fell out of fashion after 1920 under the onslaught of behaviorism. To interpret society psychologically, prebehaviorist social psychology resorted to concepts such as "sympathy," "imitation," and "suggestion." These were the "social" equivalents of the affective, conative, cognitive faculties of the individual psyche in speculative psychology (Allport, 1968: 8,23). This legacy of interrelating the three mental faculties has resulted in a social-psychological view of man that stresses the unity between his thought-feeling and action.' From this point of view, the liberal-individualist concept of man would appear to be a hollow abstraction. On the other hand, the "group mind" school is more congenial to the Confucian concept of man. Social psychology entered China at a time when the traditional Confucian worldview was disintegrating, giving way to a more secu-
Pulmonary mechanics of dogs during transtracheal jet ventilation.

Study objective: To quantify the delivered tidal volume andother selected measurements of pulmonary mechanics in an animal model during transtracheal jet ventilation (TTJV), with comparison to positive-pressure mechanical ventilation (PPMV) and spontaneous breathing. Design: Prospective, nonblinded laboratory animal study. Interventions: Seven mongrel dogs weighing 24.5±3.7 kg were anesthetized, paralyzed, and placed within a specially designed volume plethysmograph with the head and neck externalized. Ventilation was performed using TTJV under variable inspiratory time:expiratory time ratios (T 1 :T E ) (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 1.5:2.5, 2:1, 2:2, 3:1, and 4:1) and variable driving air pressures (40, 45, and 50 psi). The dogs then were ventilated with PPMV. Tidal volume, tracheal pressure, transpulmonary pressure, air flow, arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and arterial blood gases were measured during spontaneous ventilation, TTJV, and PPMV. Quasistatic compliance of the lungs was measured after all methods of ventilation. Statistical significance was accepted at P Results: There was no significant difference between delivered tidal volume during TTJV (446±69 mL at a T 1 :T E of 1:3 and 45 psi) and spontaneous breathing (506±72 mL). TTJV delivered a tidal volume significantly higher than the standard 15 mL/kg volume used for mechanical ventilation in dogs. Tracheal pressure and transpulmonary pressure were not significantly different between TTJV and PPMV. Variations in T 1 :T E had no significant effect on most of the measured variables, specifically tidal volume or transpulmonary pressure. Minute ventilation increased significantly and Pco 2 decreased significantly as frequency increased during T 1 :T E settings of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Increases in the driving air pressure during TTJV significantly increased the tidal volume as it was raised from 40 psi to 50 psi. These was no change in quasistatic lung compliance during any method of ventilation. Conclusion: TTJV delivers an effective tidal volume comparable to both spontaneous breathing and PPMV in a dog model. In the absence of upper-airway obstruction, there was no significant difference in the pulmonary pressures, resistance, and compliance during TTJV, as compared to mechanical ventilation. Variation in T 1 :T E during TTJV had no major effect on pulmonary mechanics, except to increase minute ventilation and decrease Pco 2 as the frequency was increased significantly. Increasing the driving air pressure to the TTJV apparatus significantly augmented delivered tidal volume due to increased air flow.
Gifted Students With Asperger Syndrome: Strategies for Strength-Based Programming

Gifted students with Asperger syndrome (AS) frequently exhibit behaviors that puzzle and challenge teachers and other professionals. They display many of the behaviors typically associated with AS and therefore receive educational interventions designed to address their deficit areas. Often lacking is strength-based programming—that is, educational planning with systematic attention to students' learning strengths, interests, gifts, and talents. If their strengths are not addressed, these students are at social, emotional, and academic risk. Gifted students with AS require dually differentiated instruction, including interventions that foster interests and strengths while providing strategies to compensate for areas of weakness. This article offers suggestions and resources for developing strength-based programming for gifted students with Asperger syndrome.
Controlling transport processes during NAPL removal by soil venting

Abstract Soil venting is a widely used technique to remediate unsaturated soils contaminated with organic contaminants. A fundamental concern in the remedial design is to predict the performance of the venting system in terms of the contaminant vapor removal rates and the clean-up limits that can be achieved at a site. In this paper, a mass transport model to simulate the evaporation of non-aqueous phase contaminants from the unsaturated soil during venting is presented. In particular, the dependence of NAPL evaporation on the resistance due to diffusional transport within the liquid phase is discussed in detail. Various limiting mechanisms that control the contaminant removal from NAPL phase have been identified. Results from numerical simulations have indicated that interfacial concentration can be overpredicted by models employing complete mixing assumption when the mass transfer coefficients are high and the interface transfer rates are limited by the diffusional transport within the liquid layer. Venting scenarios were simulated using a multi-component numerical model in which diffusional resistance in the liquid layer was included. The predicted vapor concentrations in the outlet air have been found to be in good comparison with experimental data.
Dynamically updating relevance judgements in probabilistic information systems via users' feedback

A decision maker's performance relies on the availability of relevant information. In many environments, the relation between the decision maker's informational needs and the information base is complex and uncertain. A fundamental concept of information systems, such as decision support and document retrieval, is the probability that the retrieved information is useful to the decision maker's query. This paper presents a sequential, Bayesian, probabilistic indexing model that explicitly combines expert opinion with data about the system's performance. The expert opinion is encoded into probability statements. These statements are modified by the users' feedback about the relevance of the retrieved information to their queries. The predictive probability that a datum in the information base is applicable to the current query is a logistic function of the expert opinion and the feedback. This feedback enters the computation through a measure of association between the current query-datum pair with previous...