cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health care justice and its implications for current policy of a mandatory waiting period for elective tubal sterilization

Tubal sterilization during the immediate postpartum period is 1 of the most common forms of contraception in the United States. This time of the procedure has the advantage of 1-time hospitalization, which results in ease and convenience for the woman. The US Collaborative Review of Sterilization Study indicates the high efficacy and effectiveness of postpartum tubal sterilization. Oral and written informed consent is the ethical and legal standard for the performance of elective tubal sterilization for permanent contraception for all patients, regardless of source of payment. Current health care policy and practice regarding elective tubal sterilization for Medicaid beneficiaries places a unique requirement on these patients and their obstetricians: a mandatory waiting period. This requirement originates in decades-old legislation, which we briefly describe. We then introduce the concept of health care justice in professional obstetric ethics and explain how it originates in the ethical concepts of medicine as a profession and of being a patient and its deontologic and consequentialist dimensions. We next identify the implications of health care justice for the current policy of a mandatory 30-day waiting period. We conclude that Medicaid policy allocates access to elective tubal sterilization differently, based on source of payment and gender, which violates health care justice in both its deontologic and consequentialist dimensions. Obstetricians should invoke health care justice in women's health care as the basis for advocacy for needed change in law and health policy, to eliminate health care injustice in women's access to elective tubal sterilization.
Whistler-mediated magnetic reconnection in large systems: Magnetic flux pileup and the formation of thin current sheets

[1] We compute numerical solutions of the resistive Hall MHD equations corresponding to pairwise magnetic island coalescence. The simulation results can be organized according to the relative sizes of three length scales: the electron dissipation length, le; the ion inertial length, di; and the island wavelength, λ. We identify three qualitatively distinct regimes of magnetic island coalescence: (1) the resistive MHD limit, di ≲ le ≪ λ; (2) the “whistler-mediated” limit, le ≪ di ≪ λ; and (3) the “whistler-driven” limit, le ≪ λ ≲ di. In the resistive MHD limit, magnetic flux piles up outside thin current sheets between the islands. The upstream Alfven speed increases with increasing Lundquist number, and the reconnection rate is insensitive to the Lundquist number. In the whistler-driven limit, the electron and ion bulk flows decouple on the island wavelength scale. Magnetic flux pileup does not occur, and the coalescence proceeds on a whistler timescale that is much shorter than the Alfven time. In the whistler-mediated limit, electron and ion bulk flows decouple in spatially localized “ion inertial sheets” around the island separatrices. Flux pileup is reduced, and the upstream Alfven speed approaches a nearly constant value as the Lundquist number is increased. The maximum reconnection rate in the whistler-mediated limit is comparable to that observed in the resitive MHD limit over the Lundquist number range 500 < Sλ < 10000.
First-Generation American Czech: A Sociolinguistic Survey.

SHRNUTIAmericka cestina Cecho-Americanů prvni generaceShrnuti clanku v cestině. Tematem clanku je jazyk prnvni generace ceských přistěhovalců žijicich na zemědělských usedlostech v Nebrasce. Clanek si vsima jazykových a spolecenských faktorů, ktere se urcitým způsobem projevily ve vývoji americke Cestiny. Autor se zaměruje na jazyk uzce definovatelne jazykove skupiny, jejiž mluvci jsou přibližně stejně staři, maji podobne vzdělani a puvod a žiji ve stejnem prostředi. Na zakladě způsobu vyjadřovani a odchylek od tzv. běžně mluvene cestiny je možno tyto mluvci rozdělit na plynně hovořici, velmi schopne mluvci a nedokonale mluvci. Rozdily mezi těmito trěmi skupinami se projevuji ve slovni zasobě i gramatice. Tato studie si klade za cil zhodnotit dlouhodobý socialně lingvistický vliv anglictiny na americkou cestinu prvni generace mluvcich. Vliv anglictiny je nepopiratelný, ale zaroveň se v americke Cestině objevuji rysy spolecne dalsim jazykům, rozvijejicim se v izolaci, tzn. bez přimeho vlivu rodneho jazyka emigrantů.RESUMOUsona ceha lingvo de la unua generacio: Socilingvistika etiketoLa artikolo pritraktas la lingvajon de la unua generacio de usoncehaj enmigrintoj, vivantaj en kamparaj komunumoj de la ŝtato Nebrasko. La aǔtoro esploras lingvajn kaj sociajn faktorojn evidentajn en la evoluo de la usona cena lingvo, uzata de klare difinita grupo de parolantoj kun samaj aĝe, deveno kaj medio. Lau flueco kaj devojiĝoj de la tradicia cena, oni povas distingi en tiu malvasta grupo de parolantoj plene kompetentajn, kapablajn kaj neperfektajn parolantojn. La diferencoj inter la tri brancoj de parolantoj aperas kaj en la leksikono kaj en la gramatiko. La studo celas taksi la socilingvistikan efikon de la angla lingvo ce usona ceha lingvo de la unua generacio tra periodo de inter sesdek kaj okdek jaroj. Malgrau la eksterduba angla influo, la usona ceha havas komunajn karakterizajojn kun aliaj enklavaj lingvoj, kiuj evoluas izolitaj ekster la cefa fluo de lingva evoluo.
Variants of the graph dependent model in extreme value theory

With a set X1, X2, .... Xn n random variables, a graph is associated whose vertices are the integers 1,2,..., n and whose edges represent those pairs i and j for which the events {Xi>X} and {Xj>X} do not become “almost independent” for “large X”. With a variety of assumption on the edge set of the graph, the asymptotic distribution of the extremes of the Xj, when properly normalized, is determined. This refines the earlier result of the present author on this kind of dependence, and extends and unifies several known dependent extreme value models.
Wanted: Good Leaders for Urban Schools

During the 1990s, people were deliberating about the new century and the changes it might bring. Futurists expounded on some of changes we could expect in “this experiment called democracy” (Goodlad, 2004). Globalization has brought basic changes in all sectors of the American society: most prominently in economics and politics. Globalization, as Fink (2000) points out, also leads to changes in education:
Gas sensor array for blueberry fruit disease detection and classification

Abstract A conducting polymer gas sensor array (electronic nose) was evaluated for detecting and classifying three common postharvest diseases of blueberry fruit: gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea , anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , and Alternaria rot caused by Alternaria sp. Samples of ripe rabbiteye blueberries ( Vaccinium virgatum cv. Brightwell) were inoculated individually with one of the three pathogens or left non-inoculated, and volatiles emanating from the fruit were assessed using the gas sensor array 6–10 d after inoculation in two separate experiments. Principal component analysis of volatile profiles revealed four distinct groups corresponding to the four inoculation treatments. MANOVA, conducted on profiles from individual assessment days or from combined data, confirmed that the four treatments were significantly different ( P B. cinerea and Alternaria sp. were more similar to each other than to fruit infected by C. gloeosporioides . A linear Bayesian classifier achieved 90% overall correct classification for data from experiment 1. Tenax™ trapping of volatiles with short-path thermal desorption and quantification by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to characterize volatile compounds emanated from the four groups of berries. Six compounds [styrene, 1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) benzene, eucalyptol, undecane, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one, and thujopsene] were identified as contributing most in distinguishing differences in the volatiles emanating from the fruit due to infection. A canonical discriminant analysis model using the relative concentration of each of these compounds was developed and successfully classified the four categories of berries. This study underscores the potential feasibility of using a gas sensor array for blueberry postharvest quality assessment and fungal disease detection.
Impact of polysilicon depletion in thin oxide MOS technology

Accurate characterization of thin oxide conduction current, breakdown, and MOSFET current require an accounting for the voltage drop due to the depletion of the polysilicon gate. The reduction of oxide thickness and polysilicon doping ascerbate this effect. Scaled n+/p+ dual gate CMOS technology incorporates both these trends, due to process integration constraints which limit the concentration of active dopants in polysilicon. The authors investigate effects of polysilicon depletion on the thin oxide MOS system. >
Evaluation of a novel drinking water treatment and storage intervention in Nicaragua

Field trials conducted in Bolivia found that a safe drinking water supply can be achieved through three simple inexpensive strategies: 1) point-of-use water treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution produced locally with appropriate technology 2) safe water storage in special narrow-mouthed vessels and 3) community education. This approach was tested in Asedades Nicaragua in January-April 1996. The community received education about diarrheal disease prevention and proper use of the intervention materials and a water committee composed of eight community members was formed to reinforce the educational messages. The intervention was implemented in a convenience sample of 100 households including 642 persons. At baseline household water sources included covered wells with rope pumps (61%) a river (26%) and a spring (10%). Of the 96 respondents who stored water in their homes 71% used 20-liter plastic buckets and 25% used wide-mouthed earthenware jars. 68% used chlorine for water treatment when it was available. At the follow-up interview 2 months after distribution of supplies 99% of vessels were observed to have water in them 98% had lids in place 100% had a functioning spigot and only 5% were observed to be dirty. 52% of water samples had detectable free chlorine residuals and 55% had detectable total chlorine. 85 respondents were able to state the correct amount of hypochlorite disinfectant to add to the full water vessel. Although neither microbiologic water quality nor diarrhea rates were measured in this study improvements in both outcomes occurred in the Bolivian studies.
Postoperative bleeding and oral anticoagulants

Objective To examine the consequences of temporary withdrawal of warfarin and/or suturing on bleeding and healing pattern following dental extractions. Methods Two hundred and fourteen patients on long-term oral anticoagulation (warfarin) therapy scheduled for dental extraction were randomly divided into four groups: no suturing and discontinued (group 1) or continued warfarin (group 2), and suturing and discontinued (group 3) or continued warfarin (group 4). International normalised ratio (INR) was determined at different time points (baseline, days 1, 3 and 7). Results Discontinuing warfarin reduced INR level significantly at day 1, which subsequently reached <1.5 in 96 out of 104 patients (group 1 and 3). Statistical comparisons among the different treatment groups did not reveal any significant difference regarding bleeding status or healing pattern. Interestingly, patients who received sutures showed higher but insignificant incidence of bleeding postoperatively compared to their respective controls. Conclusion Dental extractions may be safely performed for patients on anticoagulation therapy provided the INR level is kept ≤ 3.0 and effective measures of local haemostasis are administered. The decision to suture should be made on case-by-case basis, as the trauma associated with soft tissue handling might outweigh its advantages in certain situations like simple extractions.
Miology: A Web Application for Organizing Personal Domain Ontologies

One common way for users to organize personal interests is to categorize information by topics. Each area of interest could be represented either by a simple concept label or by more complex information structures that include concepts linked to each other by user defined relationships. We believe that this type of information structure could be easily represented by domain ontologies. The increasing interest in the Semantic Web has been producing a growing number of publicly available ontologies. This is a rich source of information that could be very helpful during the process of engineering other domain ontologies. Still, we need automatic tools that help non-expert users build and maintain their own ontologies. To make this process more accessible, we introduce Miology, a Web-based application that helps users automatically select and adapt existing ontologies to represent their personal interests.
Optical Contour Mapping of Surfaces

A precise nondestructive optical contour mapping method with adjustable sensitivity for noncontact testing of surface deformations up to 30 μm/cm is described. The method employs an optical grating that is placed in front of the test surface. Illumination of the grating by a monochromatic plane wave generates an interference pattern between the beam components of two different diffraction orders. Reflection at the test surface and superposition with the fixed grating generate a fringe pattern that resembles the surface contours of the test object. This fringe pattern consists of a superposition of an interference line system and a moire line system. Whereas the distance between two adjacent contour lines of the interference pattern corresponds to a surface deformation of a half-wavelength of the illuminating light the distance between two lines of the moire system is determined by the grid constant and the direction of the grid illumination. Therefore, the scale of measurement can be chosen according to the problem. Applications for surface flatness testing of semiconductor wafers and photomasks are presented.
A media streaming protocol for heterogeneous wireless networks

We propose a protocol for media streaming in wireless IP-capable mobile multi-homed hosts. Next generation wireless networks, like 3G, 802.11a WLAN, and Bluetooth, are the target underlying technologies for the proposed protocol. Operation at the transport layer guarantees TCP-friendliness, error resilience, and independence from-the inner workings of the access technology. Furthermore, compatibility with UMTS and IMT-2000 wireless streaming service models are some of the additional benefits of our approach.
Two-stage vector quantization-lattice vector quantization

A two-stage vector quantizer is introduced that uses an unstructured first-stage codebook and a second-stage lattice codebook. Joint optimum two-stage encoding is accomplished by exhaustive search of the parent codebook of the two-stage product code. Due to the relative ease of lattice vector quantization, optimum encoding is feasible for moderate-to-large encoding rates and vector dimensions, provided the first-stage codebook size is kept reasonable. For memoryless Gaussian and Laplacian sources, encoding rates of 2 to 3 b/sample, and vector dimensions of 8 to 35 the signal-to-noise ratio performance is comparable or superior to equivalent-delay encoding results previously reported. For Gaussian sources with memory, the effectiveness of the encoding method is dependent on the feasibility of using a large enough first-stage vector quantizer codebook to exploit most of the source memory. >
Effect of pituitary extracts upon the work performance of adrenalectomized-hypophysectomized rats: identification of vasopressin as a principle affecting work.

THE rat loses its capacity to work in response to faradic stimulation within a few hours following either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. Adrenalectomized rats will work normally when given continuous intravenous injections of adrenal cortical extract (ACE) whereas the performance of hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized-hypophysectomized rats is improved but not restored to normal by ACE. The performance of either hypophysectomized or adrenalectomized-hypophysectomized rats is restored to normal by the continuous intravenous injection of ACE plus certain preparations of corticotropin (Ingle, Nezamis and Morley, 1953; Ingle et al., 1953). The data of the present study show that various fractions of pituitary extracts contain this principle affecting work; that a fraction containing this principle is separable from corticotropin; this principle is not identical with any known anterior lobe hormone; and finally that minute amounts of vasopressin added to ACE will normalize the work of adrenalectomizedhypo...
PATTERNS OF MORTALITY IN SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS) FROM 1998-2001

Detailed postmortem examination of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found along the California (USA) coast has provided an exceptional opportunity to understand factors influencing survival in this threatened marine mammal species. In order to evaluate recent trends in causes of mortality, the demographic and geographic distribution of causes of death in freshly deceased beachcast sea otters necropsied from 1998-2001 were evaluated. Protozoal en- cephalitis, acanthocephalan-related disease, shark attack, and cardiac disease were identified as common causes of death in sea otters examined. While infection with acanthocephalan parasites was more likely to cause death in juvenile otters, Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis, shark attack, and cardiac disease were more common in prime-aged adult otters. Cardiac disease is a newly recognized cause of mortality in sea otters and T. gondii encephalitis was significantly associated with this condition. Otters with fatal shark bites were over three times more likely to have pre- existing T. gondii encephalitis suggesting that shark attack, which is a long-recognized source of mortality in otters, may be coupled with a recently recognized disease in otters. Spatial clusters of cause-specific mortality were detected for T. gondii encephalitis (in Estero Bay), acanthoceph- alan peritonitis (in southern Monterey Bay), and shark attack (from Santa Cruz to Point Ano Nuevo). Diseases caused by parasites, bacteria, or fungi and diseases without a specified etiology were the primary cause of death in 63.8% of otters examined. Parasitic disease alone caused death in 38.1% of otters examined. This pattern of mortality, observed predominantly in juvenile and prime-aged adult southern sea otters, has negative implications for the overall health and recovery of this population.
GPU clusters for high-performance computing

Large-scale GPU clusters are gaining popularity in the scientific computing community. However, their deployment and production use are associated with a number of new challenges. In this paper, we present our efforts to address some of the challenges with building and running GPU clusters in HPC environments. We touch upon such issues as balanced cluster architecture, resource sharing in a cluster environment, programming models, and applications for GPU clusters.
Environment aware connectivity for wireless underground sensor networks

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) consist of sensors that are buried in and communicate through soil. The channel quality of WUSNs is strongly impacted by environmental parameters such soil moisture. Thus, the communication range of the nodes and the network connectivity vary over time. To address the challenges in underground communication, above ground nodes are deployed to maintain connectivity. In this paper, the connectivity of WUSNs under varying environmental conditions is captured by modeling the cluster size distribution under sub-critical conditions and through a novel aboveground communication coverage model for underground clusters. The resulting connectivity model is utilized to analyze two communication schemes: transmit power control and environment-aware routing, which maintain connectivity while reducing energy consumption. It is shown that transmit power control can maintain network connectivity under all soil moisture values at the cost of energy consumption. Utilizing relays based on soil moisture levels can decrease this energy consumption. A composite of both approaches is also considered to analyze the tradeoff between connectivity and energy consumption.
ELASTOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE METACARPAL TENDONS IN HORSES WITHOUT CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF TENDON INJURY

Tendon and ligament injuries are common causes of impaired performance in equine athletes. Gray-scale ultrasonography is the current standard method for diagnosing and monitoring these injuries, however this modality only provides morphologic information. Elastography is an ultrasound technique that allows detection and measurement of tissue strain, and may provide valuable mechanical information about equine tendon and ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, reproducibility, and repeatability of elastography; and to describe elastographic characteristics of metacarpal tendons in sound horses. Nineteen legs for 17 clinically sound horses without evidence of musculoskeletal pathology were included. Elastographic images of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and the branches of the suspensory ligament (tendon of the interosseous muscle) were described quantitatively and qualitatively. There was no statistically significant difference between operators (P = 0.86) nor within operators (P = 0.93). For qualitative assessments, reproducibility (0.46) was moderate and repeatability (0.78) was good. Similar to human Achilles tendons, equine tendons were classified as predominantly hard using elastography. There was no statistically significant difference in stiffness of the flexor tendons (P = 0.96). No significant difference in stiffness was found with altered leg position during standing (P = 0.84) and while nonweight bearing (P = 0.61). The flexor tendons were softer when imaged in longitudinal versus transverse planes (P < 0.01) however, the suspensory branches were not (P = 0.67). Findings supported future clinical application of elastography as a noninvasive "stall-side" imaging modality for evaluation of the tendons and ligaments of the distal forelimb in horses.
An Examination of Strategic Planning in American Law Enforcement Agencies: A National Study

Strategic planning in police departments represents a significant departure from a traditionally reactive orientation to one that is more proactive in nature. This study followed an inductive reasoning approach to investigate the implementation of strategic planning in American law enforcement agencies and then develop theoretical models that might capture variation across organizations. Based on the initial results from telephone interviews and selective site visits, we were able to identify two key dimensions that seemed to differentiate the implementation of strategic planning among these law enforcement agencies. As a consequence, four styles of strategic planning emerged. This article discusses the development of strategic planning in U.S. police agencies and implications for the future.
Middle-aged (45 to 64 years) Persons May Have Different Factors Associated With Root Caries Than Older Adults (≥65)

Article title and bibliographic information Correlates of root caries experience in middle-aged and older adults in the Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry research network. Chi DL, Berg JH, Kim AS, Scott J, for the Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry. J Am Dent Assoc 2013;144(5):507-16. Reviewer Justine L. Kolker, DDS, MS, PhD Purpose/Question The goal of this study was to determine the correlates of root caries in two age groups: (1) those age 45 to 64 years and (2) those age 65 years or older Source of funding This study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health . Grant numbers included: DE016750 , DE016752 , and K08DE020856 Type of study/Design Cross-sectional study Level of evidence Level 2: Other evidence Strength of recommendation grade Not applicable
Femininity and feminism in Murphy Brown

While past examples of feminist rhetorical criticism have emphasized women as communicators, analysis of communication about women can illustrate the existence of recurring rhetorical strategies that devalue women. As an example, analysis of the situation comedy Murphy Brown illustrates how the program's female title character enacts a patriarchal interpretation of the excesses of liberal feminist ideology. Murphy Brown functions to reinforce the dichotomy between femininity and feminism that is an inherent problem of liberal feminism, demonstrating the need for greater critical attention to the range of feminist theories available for evaluation of rhetorical artifacts.
Plastic Surgery at a Surgeon’s Office

The case of a 49-year-old female with a difficult airway and history of severe postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) undergoing extensive plastic surgery in an office-based plastic surgery in an office-based anesthesia setting is presented. Approaches to managing a difficult airway with basic equipment in a remote setting are discussed. Effective methods of preventing PONV and pharmacological prophylaxis are discussed. The challenges introduced by the equipment, medications, production pressure, and lack of backup anesthesia support unique to these settings are discussed. The use of propofol as an effective antiemetic is discussed.
Seasonal Energetics of the White-Tailed Jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii)

Standard metabolic rate was higher ( P < 0.001) in winter- than in summer-acclimatized white-tailed jackrabbits ( Lepus townsendii ). Standard metabolic rate in summer did not differ significantly from the expected basal rate for eutherian mammals, but standard metabolic rate in winter was higher ( P < 0.001) than expected. Jackrabbits had thicker pelage ( P < 0.001) and lower overall thermal conductance ( P < 0.001) during winter. Body temperatures were higher ( P < 0.001) in winter- than in summer-acclimatized jackrabbits, and the ratio of standard metabolic rate to overall thermal conductance also was highest in winter. Variation in standard metabolic rate and thermal conductance contributed to a reduction in the lower critical temperature by 17°C from summer to winter. Decline in lower critical temperature and in thermal conductance lowered energy expenditure in winter; decline in standard metabolism lowered energy expenditure in summer. Jackrabbits expend minimal energy for thermoregulation at ambient temperatures usually occurring in their natural habitat. At air temperatures 15°C below lower critical temperatures, energy metabolism increased only to 1.50 and 1.35 times the standard metabolic rate in summer and winter, respectively.
Discrimination learning by retardates as a function of number of implicit response trials

In each of 8 sessions 10 severely retarded males received 4 new 15-trial object discrimination problems. A problem began with either 0, 3, 6, or 9 initial trials during which a prompt (light cue) merely indicated the object which would subsequently be rewarded. No overt instrumental response was permitted during these prompted trials, but conventional trial-and-error procedures were followed on all remaining trials. Discriminative performance on conventional trials was directly related to the number of previously prompted trials. Confirming and extending previous research, these results forced the assumption of an implicit response which, elicited reliably by the prompt on each prompted trial, in creased the probability of a subsequent correct overt response.
Pathologic evaluation of breast cancer specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant clhemotherapy)是指在进行手术治疗前对肿瘤患者进行化疗的一种治疗方法.1973年,米兰癌症中心的研究者首先采用新辅助化疗对失去手术机会的乳腺癌患者进行治疗,以期缩小肿块从而使患者有机会接受手术或放射治疗 [1].与常规化疗相比,新辅助化疗具有以下一些特点:(1)约80%的患者化疗后肿块缩小,原本失去手术机会的乳腺癌患者可重获手术机会;一些原本需施行乳房全切除的患者可进行保乳治疗,虽然这些患者的局部复发率可能升高,但其存活率与先手术后化疗的患者相当。
Histidine requirement of the young pig.

A histidine (HIS)-deficient, feather meal-corn-dried whey basal diet (19% protein and 3,200 Kcal ME/kg), supplemented with lysine, methionine and tryptophan, was employed to determine the HIS requirement of the growing pig between 10 and 20 kg live weight. Using a chick bioavailability growth assay, the HIS-deficient basal diet was found to contain .19% bioavailable HIS. A preliminary pig study established that the HIS-deficient basal diet was capable of supporting good growth of pigs when supplemented with sufficient L-HIS.HCl.H2O. In the second pig experiment, crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 10 kg were kept in individual metabolism crates and were fed to appetite in two feedings the HIS-deficient basal diet supplemented with 0, .06, .12 or .18% L-HIS. Rate and efficiency of weight gain increased linearly between 0 and .12% supplemental HIS, but the highest supplemental level of HIS did not improve performance further. Plasma HIS increased, whereas plasma urea-N remained unchanged, as the level of dietary HIS increased. The third pig experiment employed narrower increments of .06, .09 or .12% supplemental HIS, and a linear response in both gain and feed efficiency occurred. Viewing all experiments together, the bioavailable HIS requirement of the 10- to 20-kg pig was .31% of the diet. Assuming an 85% bioavailability of HIS in commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal, the total HIS level needed in practice would be .36%.
Investing in Warehouse and Industrial Property

In Chap. 10, we complete our analysis of the primary investment property sector considerations with a discussion of industrial and warehouse property. These properties are generally classified as industrial property given that their function relates to manufacturing, production, or storage of industrial products. A relatively new subsection of industrial property is known as self-storage, or alternatively as mini-storage. As will be discussed later in this chapter, self-storage property has widened the scope of demand for storage space to include the general public.
Exertional Heat Illness in American Football Players: When Is the Risk Greatest?

Context: Knowledge about the specific environmental and practice risks to participants in American intercollegiate football during preseason practices is limited. Identifying risks may mitigate occurrences of exertional heat illness (EHI). Objective: To evaluate the associations among preseason practice day, session number, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the incidence of EHI. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Sixty colleges and universities representing 5 geographic regions of the United States. Patients or Other Participants: National Collegiate Athletic Association football players. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data related to preseason practice day, session number, and WBGT. We measured WBGT every 15 minutes during the practice sessions and used the mean WBGT from each session in the analysis. We recorded the incidence of EHIs and calculated the athlete-exposures (AEs). Results: A total of 553 EHI cases and 365 810 AEs were reported for an overall EHI rate of 1.52/1000 AEs (95% co...
Modernity’s Rush: Time, Space, and Race in the Shadows of the Diamond Fields

This chapter examines the material dynamics of the emergent nineteenth-century culture of speculation and finance capital on the Diamond Fields of South Africa. I am interested in understanding how the relationship between the speculative spirit of rush camps, and the physical routes of traded diamonds conspired to transform the Diamond Fields into what later would become one of the first projects of urban segregation in South Africa. To understand these changes, it is important to explore the discursive spaces that were forming in the wake of the diamond rush, as the fields were essentially transformed by the work of illicitly that traded thousands of tiny diamonds. In many ways, the socially repressive turn that life on the Diamond Fields took in the late nineteenth century, participates in broader dynamics in the culture of finance capital, in which shareholder anxiety and the security of the commodity became determinative of the political form.
The Climatic Environment

The patterns of life are influenced by many processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales. The last two chapters focused on continental drift and glaciation. Continental drift is recognized as a geologic process that occurs on a global scale over the course of millions of years. Glaciation is a meteorological phenomenon that also has global geological impact, but operates in cycles of tens and hundreds of thousands of years. This chapter will focus on general meteorological phenomena of the Earth: weather and climate. Weather is the current condition of the atmosphere. Weather has diurnal and annual cycles and has an immediate impact on the Earth’s organisms. Climate is the long-term average of weather. Current practice in the United States describes climatic norms by using a 30-year mean which is updated each decade.
Mixed Cell Genital Tumors

The mixed-cell genital tumor is a rare female tumor-type related to the cells responsible for endometrial cancer and is likely to have similar causes. These malignancies occur less frequently in Los Angeles than in other parts of the country. Incidence in the county as a whole has been stable over time, although it has decreased among those residing in high-risk census tracts. The tumors occur slightly more frequently among African-Americans, but there is no relationship to social class. No high social class pattern of occurrence, as seen in endometrial cancer, is apparent. No systematic pattern of geographical occurrence is apparent, and therefore no local source of causation is proposed.
Opportunities for Cross-Cultural Medical Education

Cross-cultural medical education is a timely topic in undergraduate medical education. The National Institute of Medicine, mandated by Congress, produced a report that examined a wide body of existing medical research and found compelling evidence of health-care disparities between minority and nonminority patients. The increasing awareness on the part of the medical community of the effect of race and ethnicity on health outcomes has provided some of the impetus for mandating the inclusion of cultural diversity and cross-cultural communication in medical education (Flores, 2000; US Bureau of the Census, 1998; Betancourt et al., 2000; Carrillo et al., 1999). The growing use of alternative health practices and complementary medicine among the general population as well as in specific groups also indicates the need for eliciting culturally competent medical histories (Adler and Fosket, 1999). Physicians increasingly encounter patients of diverse racial, ethnic, linguistic, and religious backgrounds, making effective cross-cultural communication skills essential. The need for training in cultural competence has been embraced by the Association of American Medical Colleges and other regulatory and accrediting bodies and is currently a requirement for medical schools. As the United States population becomes more diverse, racially and ethnically, demographic differences between physicians and patients increase, and the medical profession itself becomes more diverse, cross-cultural medical training takes on greater significance.
An evaluation of outcomes following the replacement of traditional histology laboratories with self‐study modules

Changes in medical school curricula often require educators to develop teaching strategies that decrease contact hours while maintaining effective pedagogical methods. When faced with this challenge, faculty at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine converted the majority of in-person histology laboratory sessions to self-study modules that utilize multiple audiovisual modalities and a virtual microscope platform. Outcomes related to this shift were investigated through performance on in-house examinations, results of the United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE® ) Step 1 Examination, and student feedback. Medical School College Admissions Test® (MCAT® ) scores were used as a covariate when comparing in-house examinations. Results revealed no significant change in performance on in-house examinations when the content being assessed was controlled (F(2, 506) = 0.676, P = 0.51). A significant improvement in overall practical examination grade averages was associated with the self-study modules (F(6, 1164) = 10.213, P < 0.01), but gradual changes in examination content may explain this finding. The histology and cell biology portion of USMLE Step 1 Examination remained consistent throughout the time period that was investigated. Student feedback regarding the self-study modules was positive and suggested that features such as instructor narrated videos were an important component of the self-study modules because they helped recreate the experience of in-person laboratory sessions. Positive outcomes from the student perspective and no drop in examination performance suggests that utilizing self-study modules for histology laboratory content may be an option for educators faced with the challenge of reducing contact hours without eliminating content. Anat Sci Educ 10: 276-285. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
A data-driven model of an emergency department

Abstract This paper develops an aggregate stochastic model of an emergency department (ED) based on a careful study of data on individual patient arrival times and length of stay in the ED of the Rambam Hospital in Israel, which was used in a large-scale exploratory data analysis by Armony et al. (2015). This data set is of special interest because it has been made publicly available, so that the experiments are reproducible. Our analysis confirms the previous conclusions about the time-varying arrival rate and its consequences, but we also find that the probability of admission to an internal ward from the ED and the patient length-of-stay distribution should be time varying as well. Our analysis culminates in a new time-varying infinite-server aggregate stochastic model of the ED, where both the length-of-stay distribution and the arrival rate are periodic over a week.
Calcium Ions Promote Rapid Mechanically Evoked Movements of Hair Bundles

The mechanoreceptive organelle of a hair cell, the hair bundle, consists primarily of a bevelled array of hexagonally packed stereocilia. When a mechanical stimulus is applied at a bundle’s tip, the individual stereocilia behave as rigid rods that bend at their basal insertions into the cell’s apical surface. The 20 or so actin filaments that form the cytoskeleton in this tapered basal region probably contribute much of the bundle’s steadystate stiffness, which is approximately 1 mN·m−1 for the hair cells of amphibians (Howard and Ashmore, 1986; Howard and Hudspeth, 1987a; Denk el al., 1989), reptiles (Crawford and Fettiplace, 1985), and mammals (Flock and Strelioff, 1984; Russell et al., 1989).
Discussion of “The Consequences of Audit‐Related Earnings Revisions”

Haislip, Myers, Scholz, and Seidel (2017, HMSS) examine some consequences to auditors and client management following revisions of previously released, unaudited earnings. Key findings are that auditors and CFOs are more likely to be dismissed following the presence versus absence of a revision. Further, among revising firms, CFOs (but not auditors) are more likely to be dismissed for revisions that cause larger earnings decreases, while auditors (but not CFOs) are more likely to be dismissed for revisions that cause firms to miss important earnings benchmarks (e.g., revisions converting a profit to a loss). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Deinstitutionalization and the Rise of the “Slasher”

The deinstitutionalization movement in the United States officially began on 5 February 1963, when President John F. Kennedy revealed to Congress his project for a new public policy regarding national mental health care (Torrey 2014, p. 55).
Affirmative action in higher education: costs, benefits, and implementation

This article discusses the costs and benefits of implementing affirmative action programs in higher education. Based on a national survey of institutions of higher education, the author addresses the following questions: What factors impede the ability of the affirmative action officer to achieve program results? What is the effect of staff size, budget, and race on perceived implementation barriers? This study finds that increased impediments to affirmative action program efficacy are greatly affected by program resources and race.
What HLT Can Do for You (and Vice Versa)

Human Language Technology, often named by its acronym HLT, is a term that originated in the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA) Speech and Language program, starting in the mid-1980s. It’s more general than just smart things computers can do with text –– it also includes speech input and output, and algorithms for handling text, speech, and communicative content in the context of other applications.
Healthcare provider counseling to quit smoking and patient desire to quit: The role of negative smoking outcome expectancies.

Abstract Aims The U.S. Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline on treating tobacco use and dependence recommends providing advice to quit to every tobacco user seen in a healthcare setting. However, the mechanism through which counseling encourages patients to quit has not been adequately studied. This study tests whether the association between receiving healthcare provider counseling and desire to quit is accounted for by negative health and psychosocial outcome expectancies of smoking. Methods Data were collected online from 721 adult smokers who had seen a healthcare provider in the past 12 months. Associations between counseling to quit, negative outcome expectancies of smoking, and desire to quit were tested, as well as whether outcome expectancies and desire to quit differed by type of counseling (counseling only vs. counseling plus assistance) and level of smoking. Results Bivariate associations indicated a stronger desire to quit among patients receiving counseling, particularly when it included healthcare provider assistance to quit. SEM results indicated that the association between counseling and desire to quit was fully accounted for by patients' negative health and psychosocial outcome expectancies for smoking. These associations were found across levels of smoking in the case of health expectancies, but were limited to moderate and heavy smokers in the case of psychosocial expectancies. Conclusion Results suggest that the time devoted to counseling patients about smoking should include providing some assistance to quit, such as recommending a product, prescription or program. Regardless of smoking level, this counseling should incorporate techniques to elicit patients' negative health and psychosocial expectancies of smoking.
Chest Pain, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and Cardiology Referral in Primary Care.

Background: The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) 10-year risk estimate is recommended by cardiologists for determining risk of a cardiac event. However, the majority of patients prese...
Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Parameters by Output Feedback: A Non-Identifier-Based Method

Summary. The problem of global state regulation by output feedback is investigated for a family of uncertain nonlinear systems that are bounded by a triangular system with unknown parameters. The bounding system is allowed to depend linearly on the unmeasurable states but nonlinearly on the systems output. Using the idea of universal control, together with the recent advance in nonlinear output feedback design, we develop a non-identifier based output feedback control scheme achieving, in the presence of nonlinear parameterization, global asymptotic state regulation as well as boundedness of the closed-loop system. The main contribution of the paper is two-fold: 1) the polynomial growth condition imposed in the previous work [6] is removed in this work; 2) an extension to uncertain cascade systems with zero-dynamics is carried out under mild structural and ISS conditions.
Resoluble, Exponible, and Officiable Terms in the Sophistria of Petrus Olai, MS Uppsala C 599

As the only surviving collection of sophismata in Sweden, the Sophistria of Petrus Olai is of significance for the cultural and intellectual history of northern Europe in the late Middle Ages. For the theme of the Ninth European Symposium, its chief interest lies in the interconnection between its sophisms and its interspersed questions drawn from various logical genres. Petrus Olai reveals his interests in the sophismata by his choice of questions. Similarly, a historian of medieval philosophy often chooses a subject because of its interest for current philosophy, as I have done by selecting the sophism ‘Omnis phoenix est’, and the question following it on resoluble, exponible, and officiable terms, with the intent of indicating parallels to contemporary analysis of language.
Quarantine: fault tolerance for concurrent servers with data-driven selective isolation

We present Quarantine, a system that enables data-driven selective isolation within concurrent server applications. Instead of constructing arbitrary isolation boundaries between components, Quarantine collects data to learn where such boundaries should be placed, and then instantiates said barriers to improve reliability. We present the case for data-driven selective isolation, and discuss the challenges in realizing such a system.
Editorial: The Impact of Chinese Medicine on America

As a Chinese American born in Peking and educated both in China and in the United States, the author has, for several decades, been interested in the impact of Chinese culture, including medicine, on American society. While holding a professorship in physiology and biophysics at the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, the author began to teach a course on Chinese medical history in the early 1960s. In 1972, he founded the Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science and Medicine (IARASM) which publishes the American Journal of Chinese Medicine, holds international conferences for scholars and physicians interested in indigenous medical systems, trains physicians for acupuncture therapy, and fosters centers for urban primary health care. The author is a member of the World Health Organization's Expert Advisory Panel on Traditional Medicine. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Chinese Medicine which now reaches an audience in 45 countries. The IARASM is a World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine. The author served on the Rockefeller Commission of New York State on Acupuncture in 1973, and, in the same year, served as a panel member of the National Institutes of Health Conference on Acupuncture. He visited China at the invitation of the Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China or WHO in 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1984, and 1987 when he chaired meetings and lectured to faculty of several medical schools. The author envisages that the process of integration of all indigenous medicines of various cultures will end in the 21st century, at which time the "ecumenical medicine" - a term first used by Joseph Needham - movement will not be necessary, for all forms of medicine will be one system. The author has a great interest in the furtherance of indigenous medicine and their integration into one system, but his views and observations, as all endeavors in humanity, are not infallible.
Incidence and risks of pneumonia in patients with multiple myeloma treated with daratumumab: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

e20021Background: The addition of human anti CD38 IgGκ monoclonal antibody Daratumumab (DARA) to standard multiple myeloma (MM) regimen significantly improves response rates, progression-free survi...