cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer analysis of the leaf movements of pinto beans.

Computer analysis was used for the detection of rhythmic components and the estimation of period length in leaf movement records. The results of this study indicated that spectral analysis can be profitably used to determine rhythmic components in leaf movements.In Pinto bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown for 28 days under continuous light of 750 ft-c and at a constant temperature of 28 degrees , there was only 1 highly significant rhythmic component in the leaf movements. The period of this rhythm was 27.3 hr. In plants grown at 20 degrees , there were 2 highly significant rhythmic components: 1 of 13.8 hr and a much stronger 1 of 27.3 hr. At 15 degrees , the highly significant rhythmic components were also 27.3 and 13.8 hr in length but were of equal intensity. Random movements less than 9 hr in length became very pronounced at this temperature. At 10 degrees , no significant rhythm was found in the leaf movements. At 5 degrees , the leaf movements ceased within 1 day.
An FM Electronics System for Biomedical Data Recording

A low cost instrumentation grade FM tape recording system is described. The schematic and circuit details are given and system performance is discussed. The total system consists of the electronics package shown and a choice of several commercially available audio quality recorders. The final system performs in accordance with IRIG standards for bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio and represents a significant cost advantage over presently available commercial systems.
Vision based topological Markov localization

In this paper we study the problem of acquiring a topological model of indoors environment by means of visual sensing and subsequent localization given the model. The resulting model consists of a set of locations and neighborhood relationships between them. Each location in the model is represented by a collection of representative views and their associated descriptors selected from a temporally sub-sampled video stream captured by a mobile robot during exploration. We compare the recognition performance using global image histograms as well as local scale-invariant features as image descriptors, demonstrate their strengths and weaknesses and show how to model the spatial relationships between individual locations by a Hidden Markov Model. The quality of the acquired model is tested in the localization stage by means of location recognition: given a new view or a sequence of views, the most likely location where that view came from is determined.
Differentiation of alcoholics high and low in childhood hyperactivity

Fifty alcoholics who reported a greater number of childhood hyperactivity/minimum brain damage (MBD) symptoms (HA+ alcoholics) were compared to 49 alcoholics low in childhood hyperactivity/MBD (HA- alcoholics) with respect to patterns and severity of alcoholism, psychosocial functioning and physical status, personality and psychopathology, and familial alcoholism. HA+ alcoholics were found to report considerably more psychopathology on the MMPI and the Psychopathic State Inventory (PSI), findings which were suggestive of an underlying personality disorder. HA+ alcoholics were also found to differ significantly from the HA- alcoholics in several areas of psychosocial functioning and with respect to their pattern of alcoholism. That is, HA+ alcoholics had more interpersonal difficulties and had experienced more psychological/emotional problems; they were more likely to use alcohol to alter their moods and to use non-alcoholic illicit drugs; and they had less ability to internalize control of their impulses to consume alcohol. These findings, taken together, suggest that alcoholics reporting more symptoms of childhood hyperactivity/MBD may represent a subgroup within the larger alcoholic population. High and low hyperactivity alcoholics did not differ in severity of alcoholism or in alcohol-related physical effects or medical problems. Additionally, no evidence was obtained for a significant relationship between childhood hyperactivity and familial alcoholism.
Perception of line in clothing.

Q-techniques were employed to define factors in the perception of line in clothing. Segmentation of 46 women with differing amounts of design experience and training was anticipated but only partially confirmed. The results delineated 4 ways of perceiving line in clothing using the Q-approach.
A General Statistical Framework for Adjustment of Rates

A general framework is presented that integrates rate adjustment procedures of demography and sociology with statistical methodology for the analysis of log-linear models. A family of rate adjustment methods is derived from the log-linear model. The conventional method of direct standardization is a special case. Extensions of earlier methods include 1) adjustment for 3-factor interaction 2) adjustment for marginal association between compostion and group 3) adjustments that use a standard group and 4) adjustments that control for both marginal composition-group interaction and 3-factor interaction. Statistical inference for adjusted rates is facilitated in several ways: 1) by presenting key hypotheses that can be tested routinely with log-linear methods 2) by efficient point and interval estimation of rates 3) by assessing the sampling variability of absolute or relative comparisons of rates across groups and 4) by smoothing the data. Examples illustrate the flexibility of the proposed framework. (authors)
The Profitability and Pricing of Major Customers

We examine the profitability and valuation of retail firms identified by suppliers as major customers, using major customer relationships to proxy for unrecorded organizational-capital intangibles. Major customers have higher operating profitability and profitability persistence, with the sources of the higher profitability consistent with purported advantages of supply chain arrangements. The pricing of major customers is consistent with the market recognizing the level and over-time properties of operating profitability. Together, these results suggest that investors understand the profitability effects of unrecorded organizational intangible assets and that financial statement analysis can be used to further examine the valuation effects of such intangibles.
Increasing wireless access capacity with revenue managed service pricing

The demand for communications services tends to vary from hour to hour, as observed in voice and wireless communications. Therefore, network capacity must be designed and built for peak period demand. This is inefficient when there are prolonged off-peak periods. Recently, a rich literature is developing on novel pricing schemes to regulate demand. In broad terms, there is interest in real-time pricing, where fixed capacity is better managed by creating incentives, through prices, to increase off-peak use and reduce peak use. Such schemes should be considered at a time scale beyond the real-time consumption decision, to assess effects on capacity planning. Understanding the effects on network capacity utilisation of such schemes (beyond the real-time setting) is important so that peak to off-peak shifts in use are not thought of simply as relieving real-time congestion, but rather increasing the overall capacity of a network, in terms of number of subscribers served.
Manipulating the production and recombination of electrons during electron transfer: Femtosecond control of the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) dynamics of the sodium anion

The scavenging of a solvated electron represents the simplest possible electron-transfer (ET) reaction. In this work, we show how a sequence of femtosecond laser pulses can be used to manipulate an ET reaction that has only electronic degrees of freedom: the scavenging of a solvated electron by a single atom in solution. Solvated electrons in tetrahydrofuran are created via photodetachment using the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) transition of sodide (Na-). The CTTS process ejects electrons to well-defined distances, leading to three possible initial geometries for the back ET reaction between the solvated electrons and their geminate sodium atom partners (Na0). Electrons that are ejected within the same solvent cavity as the sodium atom (immediate contact pairs) undergo back ET in ∼1 ps. Electrons ejected one solvent shell away from the Na0 (solvent-separated contact pairs) take hundreds of picoseconds to undergo back ET. Electrons ejected more than one solvent shell from the sodium atom (free solvat...
Plasma-sheet dynamics and magnetospheric substorms

A conceptual model of the formation of the plasma sheet and of its dynamical behavior in association with magnetospheric substorms is proposed. The two essential assumptions of the model are that (1) the plasma mantle is the primary source of plasma-sheet particles and (2) the momentum tends to inhibit the rate of magnetic field annihilation (merging) in the tail current sheet. It is found that there exists no steady state configuration for the plasma sheet, which must instead shrink continuously in thickness until the near-earth portion of the current sheet is disrupted by the formation of a magnetic neutral line. The thinning of the plasma sheet and the resulting current-sheet disruption are proposed to be the direct causes of the growth phase and expansion phase, respectively, of substorms.
On the use of spectral radiance models to obtain irradiances on surfaces of arbitrary orientation

Abstract A LOWTRAN 5 based flux model has been developed to calculate downwelling infrared irradiance from a clear night atmosphere onto a horizontal or tilted surface. This model is based on the transmittance/radiance code LOWTRAN 5 which can calculate the radiance from the atmosphere for user defined paths, atmospheric conditions and spectral intervals. Included in the model is the addition of a zeroth order scattering approximation to the LOWTRAN 5 code, methods of integrating LOWTRAN 5 calculated radiances over the sky hemisphere to obtain the downwelling flux, and a method for calculating the radiance from the atmosphere at wavenumbers outside the range of LOWTRAN 5. The accuracy of this model is verified by comparison of calculations based on radiosonde data with surface flux measurements taken concurrent with radiosonde ascent. Agreement is excellent for both horizontal and tilted surfaces with the deviation between measurements and calculations of the flux on a horizontal surface being less than 4 per cent.
Increasing Evidence of Immunity to Varicella Among Children in Massachusetts, 1999–2003

Background Experiences with vaccine-preventable diseases have demonstrated the success of school-entry requirements in increasing vaccination coverage and decreasing disease incidence. This study examines the effect of early implementation of daycare and school-entry requirements for varicella vaccination on recorded varicella immunity of preschool and school-aged children in Massachusetts. Methods Immunization surveys were conducted in licensed child care centers and schools with kindergarten and/or 7th grades. Evidence of immunity to varicella was defined as having physician verified records of varicella vaccination or disease history from the 1999–2000 through 2003–2004 school years. Results During the 5-year study period, physician-certified reliable history of varicella disease decreased in each grade level while vaccination coverage increased. The increase in the number of children in each grade level receiving varicella vaccine led to an increase in the overall percentage of children with evidence of immunity to varicella: 85% to 97% for children aged 2 years or more in child care, 93% to 98% for children in kindergarten, and 88% to 92% for children in 7th grade. Conclusions The implementation of daycare and school-entry requirements for varicella vaccination within 4 years of the start of the varicella vaccination program in Massachusetts was associated with high levels of vaccination coverage in the cohorts of children targeted by the requirements. Although evidence of immunity from varicella disease decreased during the study period, the increase in varicella vaccination coverage compensated for the decline in disease history, resulting in a higher proportion of young children with evidence of immunity to varicella.
David Dubinsky, the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union and the Limits of Social Democratic Trade Unionism

Unlike Parmet’s (2005) well-written and thoroughly researched biography and many other generally admiring books and articles on David Dubinsky, the former International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) president from 1932 to 1966, this essay contends that even though Dubinsky initiated important developments within the ILGWU and fought heroically against Nazism and Fascism, his right-wing social democratic worldview was ultimately divisive to the achievement of national and international working class unity. Dubinsky’s political positions become evident through his vigorous anti-Communism which he engaged in with regards to his dealings with Communists in the ILGWU, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, and the American Labor Party. Moreover, the exporting of his anti-Communism abroad via the American Federation of Labor’s Free Trade Union Committee and the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions damaged international working class unity through the sabotaging of radical trade unionism not only in Western Europe but in nations around the globe. Understanding Dubinsky’s anti-Communism is the key for ultimately comprehending the garment union leader’s politics.
Modal Logic and Self-Reference

Ever since Epimenides made his startling confession, philosophers and mathematicians have been fascinated by self-reference. Of course, mathematicians are not free to admit this.
Modelling linear systems for pulsewidth-modulated control

An approximate linear model is developed for a linear process in which the control signal can assume only two values, U_{\max} and U_{\min} , and which is controlled by varying the fraction δ n of a sampling cycle of duration T that the control is at U_{\max} . The dynamic equations are of the form w_{n+1} = \Phi(T)w_{n} + \bar{\Gamma}(T)r_{n} where w n is related to the average state x n over one cycle, and r_{n} = \delta_{n} - \delta_{s} where δ s is the steady-state value of δ n required to maintain a desired average state x d . The system error e(nT) at sampling intervals is related to these variables by an equation of the form e(nT) = M_{1}w_{n} + M_{2}\delta_{s} + M_{3}b , where b is a bias vector. These relations may be used to design a linear control system by well-known techniques for discrete-time systems. The method is illustrated by the design of a third-order process which could represent a temperature control problem. Simulation results are given for a design that includes a Kalman filter for estimating the inaccessible states.
FOOTWEAR AND STRESS FRACTURES

Causal factors associated with stress fractures include training errors, exercise surfaces, footwear, and anatomic abnormalities. Logically, footwear can play an important role in the development and treatment of stress fractures because foot loading, structure, and stability have a significant impact on the development of stress fractures. The important characteristics of athletic shoes in the development and treatment of stress fractures are reviewed in this article.
Hitler. By A. N. Wilson. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2012. Pp. 224. $24.99.)

This biography of Adolf Hitler has generated a maelstrom of controversy. Among the negative and neutral reviews was one by historian Richard Evans that savaged A. N. Wilson's book in the 12 March 2...
A real-time computer vision assessment and control of thermal comfort for group-housed pigs

A real-time image processing system was developed to detect movement and classify thermal comfort state of group-housed pigs based on their resting behavioral patterns. This paper describes the theory, system structure, selection and analysis of image features, and image classification techniques. Image moment invariants, run-length frequency, pig body occupation ratio, and pig group compactness are extracted as feature vectors. Minimum Euclidian distance was used to distinguish cold vs. comfortable state of the pigs; whereas blob analysis was used to identify warm/hot state of the pigs. A sliding window was employed to update reference image feature sets so that classification is always based on the most recent information. The prototype system was initially developed with paper-cut pigs, followed by tests with live pigs. The results showed that this system effectively detects animal movement, and correctly classifies animal thermal behaviors into cold, comfortable, or warm/hot conditions. It also has the ability to adopt itself to different body weight or sizes of the pigs.
Enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of the adsorption of dinitriles at the Copper−aqueous electrolyte interface: observation of gauche and trans rotational isomers of succinonitrile on copper surfaces

Etudes de l'adsorption d'isomeres cis- et trans- du succinonitrile sur le cuivre. Mise en evidence d'une chimisorption
Gas-Phase Photoemission With Soft X-Rays: Cross Sections And Angular Distributions

A summary is presented of typical gas-phase photoemission studies based on synchrotron radiation in the 50-5000 eV range, using beam lines at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. Three topics are addressed: atomic inner-shell photoelectron cross sections and asymmetries, correlation peaks in rare gases, and core-level shape resonances in molecules. Photoelectron cross-section a(nZ) and asymmetry-parameter a(n0 studies in mercury vapor at photon energies up to 270 eV (up to 600 eV for a4f) extend coverage of these parameters to n<5 and 5<3. Comparison with Dirac-Slater and relativistic random-phase approximation calculations reveals systematic discrepancies. For example, distinct Cooper minima in a(n iZ,) are observed but not predicted, while predicted a(n9) values are typically too high. Correlation satellites have been studied for the K shells of helium (hv = 68-90 eV), neon (hv = 870-960 eV) and argon (hv = 3200-3320 eV). In helium the n=2 satellite peak was shown to have mainly 2p character at threshold, and its asymmetry was measured through the autoionizing resonance region. Tentative evidence was obtained that the neon satellites are less intense near threshold than in the high-energy limit, and that their intensities stay constant or decrease with increasing energy near threshold. A new satellite was observed in argon at 24.6 eV which appears to increase in intensity with energy. Molecular core-level shape resonances were observed for the first time by photoemission, yielding a(hv) and a(hv) for core levels from 180 eV binding energy (S 2p in SF6 and OCS) through C is in CO, CO2 and CF4, N ls in N2 and NO, and 0 is in CO and CO2 to 2490 eV (S ls in SF6). Several conclusions can be drawn about the photoelectron and Auger cross sections and asymmetry parameters.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The molecular basis of neuronal excitability

Neurons process and transmit information in the form of electrical signals. Their electrical excitability is due to the presence of voltage-sensitive ion channels in the neuronal plasma membrane. In recent years, the voltage-sensitive sodium channel of mammalian brain has become the first of these important neuronal components to be studied at the molecular level. This article describes the distribution of sodium channels among the functional compartments of the neuron and reviews work leading to the identification, purification, and characterization of this membrane glycoprotein.
High-Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of the Escherichia coli Outer Membrane: Structural Basis for Permeability

The structural basis of the outer membrane permeability for the bacterium Escherichia coli is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with biochemical treatment and analysis. The surface of the bacterium is visualized with unprecedented detail at 50 and 5 A lateral and vertical resolutions, respectively. The AFM images reveal that the outer membrane of native E. coli exhibits protrusions that correspond to patches of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) containing hundreds to thousands of LPS molecules. The packing of the nearest neighbor patches is tight, and as such the LPS layer provides an effective permeability barrier for the Gram-negative bacteria. Treatment with 50 mM EDTA results in the release of LPS molecules from the boundaries of some patches. Further metal depletion produces many irregularly shaped pits at the outer membrane, which is the consequence of progressive release of LPS molecules and membrane proteins. The EDTA-treated cells were analyzed for metal content and for their reactiv...
Kinetic studies of the reaction of atomic chlorine with chlorobenzene

Abstract The rate constant k 1 for Cl + C 6 H 5 Cl → products has been studied via the pulsed laser photolysis-time-resolved resonance fluorescence technique over 710–1030 K. The results may be summarized as k 1 = (1.36 ± 0.47) × 10 −10 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 exp{−(42.5 ± 2.5) kJ mol −1 / RT }. The quoted uncertainties are ±1 σ , and the 95% confidence limit for k 1 is ±21%. The major pathway is proposed to be formation of HCl and chlorophenyl radicals. Density functional calculations suggest the most favorable product is 3-chlorophenyl arising from attack meta to the C–Cl bond.
Prosalirus bitis and the anuran caudopelvic mechanism

ABSTRACT Cranial features of Prosalirus bitis, an Early Jurassic anuran from the Kayenta Formation, include a dentigerous premaxilla and maxilla; a parasphenoid with a lanceolate cultriform process and posterolateral alae; a well ossified, unpaired sphenethmoid; and a stapes of modern form. The atlas bears a notochordal fossa between the cotyles. The number of vertebrae is unknown but anterior, middle, and posterior presacrai vertebrae are represented. The sacrum, which lacks postzygapophyses, possesses elongate, narrow alae and a cartilaginous intercentral articulation with a short urostyle. The appendicular skeleton exhibits a relatively primitive glenoid, prolongation of the iliac shaft, elongation of the hind limbs, radio-ulnar and tibiofibular fusion, and unfused, elongate proximal tarsals. Mobile sacro-urostylic and ilio-sacral joints are important kinetic links in the anuran caudopelvic mechanism for saltation. The angular appearance of the back common among living anurans reflects a pronounced fle...
Photon statistics in multiphoton absorption and emission processes

Exact solutions of the master equations which describe single-mode $m$-photon absorption and $m$-photon emission processes in a two-level atomic system are obtained using a density-matrix approach. Some aspects of the photon statistics, e.g., antibunching, are discussed.
Laser Excitation Spectra of Large Alkoxy Radicals Containing 5−12 Carbon Atoms

Laser induced fluorescence spectra of nearly 20 jet-cooled alkoxy free radicals, with up to 12 carbon atoms, have been observed. Trends, as a function of the number of carbon atoms, are reported for origin frequencies, and their dependence upon structural isomers are documented. The interpretation of various bands in the spectra, and their rotational contours, in terms of excited-state vibrations and/or different conformations is discussed.
Cyclic activity of DNA synthesis of peripheral blood leukocytes in canine cyclic neutropenia

Abstract Scintillation counting and autoradiographic methods were used to study the proliferating cell population of peripheral blood of normal dogs and dogs with cyclic neutropenia. Peripheral blood leukocytes of affected dogs spontaneously incorporated tritiated thymidine in a cyclic pattern. The rates of incorporation varied inversely with the daily total leukocyte counts. Autoradiographic studies showed that few blast cells were present among the labeled cells, and that the majority of the DNA-synthesizing cells were of the lymphoid and granulocyte-monocytoid series. The concentrations of the labeled cells peaked at the nadir of neutropenia, indicating an influx of immature leukocytes from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, and they reached their lowest values during normal granulocyte counts.
PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE-STIMULATED PRODUCTION OF 3'-PHOSPHOADENOSINE 5'-PHOSPHATE BY BEEF-CORNEA-EPITHELIAL EXTRACT.

Abstract The production of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP) can be observed by coupling transfer reactions. The production of PAP by beef-cornea-epithelial extract is shown to be dependent upon reduced di- or triphosphopyridine nucleotides and a heat-stable, undialysable substance in epithelial extract. When 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phospho[35S]sulfate is supplied to the reaction mixture a second peak of radioactivity can be detected after paper electrophoresis. Several reaction mechanisms are hypothesized to explain the accumulation of PAP.
Fugitive particulate emission factors for dry fly ash disposal.

Dry fly ash disposal involves dropping ash from a truck and the movement of a heavy grader or similar vehicle across the ash surface. These operations are known to produce fugitive particulate emissions that are not readily quantifiable using standard emission measurement techniques. However, there are numerous situations--such as applying for a source air permit--that require these emissions be quantified. Engineers traditionally use emission factors (EFs) derived from measurements of related processes to estimate fly ash disposal emissions. This study near a dry fly ash disposal site using state-of-the-art particulate monitoring equipment examines for the first time fugitive emissions specific to fly ash handling at an active disposal site. The study measured hourly airborne mass concentrations for particles smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) along with meteorological conditions and atmospheric turbidity at high temporal resolution to characterize and quantify fugitive fly ash emissions. Fugit...
Myocardial oxygen transport. The interrelationship of coronary blood flow, oxygen diffusion and capillary recruitment.

Abstract A theoretical analysis of the interrelationships of coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen diffusion, and the myocardial capillary bed is presented. This analysis illustrates the equilibrium between myocardial oxygen delivery to the capillary bed by coronary flow, and diffusion of oxygen from capillaries to mitochondria. Because the amount of oxygen given up by the blood in the myocardium must equal the amount utilized by the myocardial cells, a functional relationship between coronary flow, capillary recruitment, and capillary area to diffusion distance ratio is maintained. The interrelations of these variables suggest very strongly that capillary recruitment plays a major role in determining oxygen diffusion, myocardial oxygen delivery, and to a moderate degree, local coronary blood flow. Further, calculations of myocardial oxygen diffusion area to distance ratios, based on both morphologic and physiologic data, support the hypothesis that derangements in oxygen diffusion are not only possible but may be severe enough to produce myocardial ischemic injury.
Mouse Sensitivity is an Independent Risk Factor for Rhinitis in Children with Asthma

Background Although mouse and cockroach allergy is known to be important in urban children with asthma, the independent association of mouse and cockroach sensitization with rhinitis in these children is unknown. Objective To determine the association of mouse and cockroach sensitization with rhinitis in urban children with asthma. Methods As part of the Mouse Allergen and Asthma Intervention Trial, 499 urban children (5-17 years) with persistent asthma underwent spirometry, skin prick testing to 14 common environmental allergens, and serology for mouse-specific IgE. In 269 subjects, cockroach-specific IgE serology was also obtained. Patient/parent-reported rhinitis in the last 2 weeks and the last 1 year was the primary outcome measure. Mouse/cockroach exposure was measured by reported frequency of sightings. Mouse allergen–settled bedroom dust samples were also measured in mouse-sensitized children. Results Rhinitis was reported in 49.9% and 70.2% of the participants within the last 2 weeks and the last 1 year, respectively. Serum mouse IgE level of 0.35 IU/mL or more was associated with rhinitis in the past 2 weeks (adjusted odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.02-4.54; P = .04) and the past 1 year (adjusted odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.12-5.1; P = .02) after controlling for age, race, sex, the presence of any smokers at home, primary caregiver education level, number of allergen sensitivities, cockroach IgE level of 0.35 IU/mL or more, and study site (Boston or Baltimore). Measures of home mouse exposure were not associated with rhinitis, regardless of mouse sensitivity. Cockroach sensitivity was not associated with rhinitis regardless of sensitization to other allergens. Conclusions In urban children with asthma, increased mouse IgE, but not cockroach IgE, in the sera (mouse IgE ≥ 0.35 IU/mL) may be associated independently with rhinitis.
In situ hybridization of iodinated ribosomal RNA to human chromosomes

Abstract Iodinated ribosomal RNA was hybridized to human metaphase chromosomes in a test of the effectiveness of iodinated products for in situ hybridization studies in a diploid system. The results indicate that 125I is a feasible alternative as a source of radioactivity for autoradiographic mapping studies.
A single-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual asenapine for acute agitation.

Pratts M, Citrome L, Grant W, Leso L, Opler LA. A single-dose,randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingualasenapine for acute agitation.Objective: To assess sublingual asenapine for acute agitation.Method: Agitated adults 18–65 years (any diagnosis) presenting fortreatment in an emergency department and found to have a score of≥14 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-ExcitedComponent (PANSS-EC) were randomized to receive either a singledose of a sublingual 10 mg tablet of asenapine or placebo. Primaryoutcome measure was change in the PANSS-EC score from baselineto 2 h after medication or placebo administration. Secondaryoutcomes included the percentage of responders with a ≥ 40%reduction from baseline on the PANSS-EC score at 2 h.Results: A total of 120 subjects were randomized, 60 each to sublingualasenapine or placebo. Mean (SE) baseline PANSS-EC scores for theasenapine-treated and placebo-treated subjects were 19.4 0.66 and20.1 0.61, respectively. Mean PANSS-EC scores at endpoint (LOCF)was 7.4 0.65 for the asenapine-treated subjects and 14.7 0.98 forthe placebo-treated subjects. Change in PANSS-EC score at 2 h wasstatistically signiﬁcantly greater for the asenapine-treated subjectscompared with the placebo-treated subjects. NNT for response vs.placebo was 3 (95% CI 2–4).Conclusion: Sublingual asenapine was eﬃcacious in the treatment ofagitation with an eﬀect size comparable to that observed in prior studiesof intramuscular antipsychotics.
Institutional Corruption and the Rule of Law

The literature contains two concepts of corruption which are often confused with one another: corruption as twisted character (pollution), and corruption as disloyalty. It also contains two sites for corruption: the corruption of individuals, and the corruption of entire institutions such as a state or a legislature. This paper first draws a clear distinction between the pollution and disloyalty concepts of corruption in the individual context, and then defends a conception of disloyalty corruption according to which the distinguishing feature is an agent who uses powers delegated to her from her principal as her own. Then, the paper shifts gears to the institutional context, arguing that the best account of institutional corruption in the extant literature is of the pollution kind. It then fills the remaining logical space by laying out a conception of institutional corruption as disloyalty and explaining its moral significance for the political legitimacy of a democracy.
A Study of the Key Parameters Affecting the Design of Optimized Weld Overlays

The potential for primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of large diameter austenitic nickel alloy components and their associated welds presents a particular problem for the nuclear industry due to a limited number of available options for mitigating or repairing large bore pressure boundary components such as reactor vessel, reactor coolant pump, and steam generator inlet or outlet nozzles. While a full structural weld overlay (FSWOL), as governed by ASME Code Case N-740, is commonly used to mitigate and repair small (4″ ) to medium (10″ ) bore piping assemblies employing Alloy 82/182 dissimilar metal welds, the large amount of weld metal that would be have to be deposited on large components (and the associated impact on outage schedule) makes this an unattractive strategy for managing the degradation of Alloy 600 type materials. An alternative design option, specifically developed for the mitigation and repair of large bore (30″ ) components, utilizes a thinner weld overlay whose thickness has been optimized to achieve a specific level of stress on the inside surface of the PWSCC susceptible material. According to ASME Code Case N-754, inside surface stresses should be limited to 10 ksi during the design phase of an optimized weld overlay (OWOL) in order to minimize the initiation or consequences of primary water stress corrosion cracking. With the increased inspection requirements of Code Case N-754 and the corresponding smaller crack growth design flaw size, and along with the reduced weld volume of an OWOL, as compared to a FSWOL, an optimized weld overlay is often the preferred technique for mitigating or repairing large bore piping components. This paper investigates the influence of various parameters on the effectiveness of an optimized weld overlay in satisfying its principle design objective, to reduce the inside surface stresses in PWSCC susceptible materials to no more than 10 ksi. Inherent design parameters are the thickness of the underlying pipe or weld, and the depth of any recorded or postulated weld repairs in the pre-overlay configuration of the welded joint. Explicit design parameters include the thickness of the overlay, the number of weld layers used to form the overlay, and the length of the overlay. Finite element analysis is used to calculate residual and operating stresses in a representative large bore reactor vessel coolant nozzle dissimilar metal weld for various combinations of design parameters. The overall objective of this study is to identify the key parameters influencing inside surface stresses, and thereby provide screening criteria for use in determining the applicability of the optimized weld overlay as a viable PWSCC mitigation or repair option for large bore primary pressure boundary components.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Analysis of Quark Mixing Using Binary Tetrahedral Flavor Symmetry

Using the binary tetrahedral group T{sup '}, the three angles and phase of the quark CKM mixing matrix are pursued by symmetry-breaking which involves T{sup '}-doublet VEVs and the Chen-Mahanthappa CP-violation mechanism. The NMRT{sup '}M, next-to-minimal renormalizable-T{sup '} model is described, and its one parameter comparison to experimental data is explored.
Book Review: Teacher Identity Discourses: Negotiating Personal and Professional Spaces, by Janet Alsup (Urbana, IL: NCTE, 2006) 234 pages, $27.50

(2007). Book Review: Teacher Identity Discourses: Negotiating Personal and Professional Spaces, by Janet Alsup (Urbana, IL: NCTE, 2006) 234 pages, $27.50. Action in Teacher Education: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 36-39.
A derivative-free methodology with local and global search for the constrained joint optimization of well locations and controls

In oil field development, the optimal location for a new well depends on how it is to be operated. Thus, it is generally suboptimal to treat the well location and well control optimization problems separately. Rather, they should be considered simultaneously as a joint problem. In this work, we present noninvasive, derivative-free, easily parallelizable procedures to solve this joint optimization problem. Specifically, we consider Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a global stochastic search algorithm; Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS), a local search procedure; and a hybrid PSO–MADS technique that combines the advantages of both methods. Nonlinear constraints are handled through use of filter-based treatments that seek to minimize both the objective function and constraint violation. We also introduce a formulation to determine the optimal number of wells, in addition to their locations and controls, by associating a binary variable (drill/do not drill) with each well. Example cases of varying complexity, which include bound constraints, nonlinear constraints, and the determination of the number of wells, are presented. The PSO–MADS hybrid procedure is shown to consistently outperform both stand-alone PSO and MADS when solving the joint problem. The joint approach is also observed to provide superior performance relative to a sequential procedure.
Contaminant detection: improving template matching based particle selection for cryoelectron microscopy

Cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) has emerged as a powerful technique for structure determination of macromolecular assemblies (particles) in cell biology and is in great need of automation because it is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. One of the key steps in the automation is the selection of large numbers of individual particles in the cryoEM-acquired images. Due to the fact that images of this type usually have a very low signal-to-noise ratio, the current prevailing methods for particle selection are based on template matching, namely searching for peaks in the space formed by cross-correlating one or multiple reference templates with an entire image. Such methods generally require a second stage of human screening to remove false positives due to contaminants. This paper presents advancement in eliminating the human screening through automatic contaminant detection. Results of experimenting with both ribosome and GroEL particles demonstrate that on average the false positive rates can be reduced by about 6% using the proposed approach.
Spiro-annulated cyclohexa-2,5-dienones via electrooxidation of p-aryl phenols a novel mode of anodic carbon-carbon bond formation

Abstract Intramolecular trapping of the reactive intermediate from anodic oxidation of 2′-alkenyl substituted p -aryl phenols, followed by solvent capture, affords 4-aryl-4-alkyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dienones.
Geo-Friends Recommendation in GPS-based Cyber-physical Social Network

The popularization of GPS-enabled mobile devices provides social network researchers a taste of cyber-physical social network in advance. Traditional link prediction methods are designed to find friends solely relying on social network information. With location and trajectory data available, we can generate more accurate and geographically related results, and help web-based social service users find more friends in the real world. Aiming to recommend geographically related friends in social network, a three-step statistical recommendation approach is proposed for GPS-enabled cyber-physical social network. By combining GPS information and social network structures, we build a pattern-based heterogeneous information network. Links inside this network reflect both people's geographical information, and their social relationships. Our approach estimates link relevance and finds promising geo-friends by employing a random walk process on the heterogeneous information network. Empirical studies from both synthetic datasets and real-life dataset demonstrate the power of merging GPS data and social graph structure, and suggest our method outperforms other methods for friends recommendation in GPS-based cyber-physical social network.
An integrated manufacturing data management system

A flexible data management system (FDMS) that supports the collection, management, and analysis of production data for a 3-1/2-in disk drive product is described. This system consists of several personal computers and Personal System 2 computers connected via a token ring network and can be extended to support any type of assembly manufacturing. FDMS supports the following: (1) collection of pass-fail and parametric data from workstations and testers throughout the manufacturing floor; (2) ability to query these data, based on the serialized component, record type, date/time, or combinations of these; (3) ability to display statistical process control (SPC) charts based on any of the parameters collected from the testers and or workstations in real time; (4) automatic rework calls and parts disposition provided via an expert system application; (5) a method for users to define new or change existing data record formats to the system that requires no code changes to any of the support programs; (6) support of high-volume production via a distributed database architecture; (7) support for a management aid engineering reporting system; and (8) software level control distribution of computer programs and process data such as microcode or machine instructions to any node on the network. >
Identifiability and Unmixing of Latent Parse Trees

This paper explores unsupervised learning of parsing models along two directions. First, which models are identifiable from infinite data? We use a general technique for numerically checking identifiability based on the rank of a Jacobian matrix, and apply it to several standard constituency and dependency parsing models. Second, for identifiable models, how do we estimate the parameters efficiently? EM suffers from local optima, while recent work using spectral methods [1] cannot be directly applied since the topology of the parse tree varies across sentences. We develop a strategy, unmixing, which deals with this additional complexity for restricted classes of parsing models.
Globalization: what it is and who benefits

Abstract Globalization is far more than the international movement of goods and investment. The flow of ideas from one part of the world to another has increased enormously in the past two centuries. The Nineteenth Century saw the beginnings of an enormous expansion of knowledge about living things—specialized institutions devoted to the creation of knowledge were created, including research universities and research institutes. The knowledge that was created, such as the germ theory, was gradually made available throughout the world. The world’s poor people have benefitted enormously as evidenced by a large increase in life expectancy in developing countries, a 60% decline in child mortality in less than four decades, a doubling of grain yields in developing countries after the mid-1960s and a large increase in per capita caloric food supply.
Cyanobacteria Dominance in the Oligohaline Waters of Back Bay, Virginia

ABSTRACT Back Bay and its flora have historically been influenced by the interaction of freshwater flow in combination with frequent intrusion of saline water into its basin. These events have resulted in a dynamic environmental setting influencing the abundance and composition of its phytoplankton community. Dominating these oligohaline waters is a diverse representation and high abundance of freshwater filamentous and colonial cyanobacteria. These include the nonheterocystous Planktolyngbya contorta, Planktolyngbya limnetica, and Pseudanabaena limnetica, taxa implicated as bloom producers in Bay waters with N:P molar ratios ranging from 23:1 to 74:1.
Progressivism in Colonial‐style Living and Dining Rooms

This paper examines the influence of the Reform or Progressive Movement on Colonial-style living rooms and dining rooms as depicted in popular decorating iterature during the first two decades of the twentieth century. It shows that the style was-influenced by such Progressive beliefs as the power of domestic environments to affect individuals and society, the crusade against germs and disease, and faith in experts to determine solutions to modern problems. The effects of Progressive aesthetic principles, such as simplicity, honesty, naturalness, and unity, also are discussed. The discussion shows that reform tenets were important in the Colonial style because they were regarded as inherent in the historic precedents from which the style was derived. Finally, this paper demonstrates that the combination of reform precepts and Colonial precedents appealed to the middle class and is one reason for the style's popularity with that group.
State Failure and Challenges to Democratization in Africa

This lean volume digs into the roots of African politics by exploring the foundations of political order. The author sees state formation as originating in rulers' political decisions about how to extract wealth from society. Specifically, do they use coercion—the defining attribute of state power—to protect their subjects or to prey on them? If rulers—whom he characterizes as “specialists in violence”—calculate that their own political and economic interests are best served by taxing production, they will establish the infrastructure of a bureaucratic state. If, however, they conclude that the costs of providing protection to society's producers outweigh the expected benefits, then they will be tempted to turn the state apparatus into an instrument of predation.
Reliability Modeling of All-Digital Protection Systems Including Impact of Repair

This paper explores the impact of including component repair on the reliability modeling of all-digital protection systems. It is shown that repairable and nonrepairable assumptions make a remarkable difference in the computed reliability indices of the mean time to failure (MTTF) and the mean time to first failure (MTTFF). Theoretical analysis of basic system structures consisting of two components is first examined. Then, a typical all-digital protection system architecture is modeled and numerically analyzed. Some interesting results are found by comparing reliability indices of MTTF and MTTFF and explanations of these results are provided.
Optimal test-set generation for parametric fault detection in switched capacitor filters

The functional performance of switched capacitor circuits is directly affected by variations in capacitor ratios. We have proposed techniques to accurately measure these capacitor ratios. In this paper we develop an optimal procedure to minimize the number of capacitor ratios that need to be measured while still maintaining the desired fault coverage. We make use of the sensitivity of individual performance specifications to specific capacitor ratios. The procedure has been validated with a number of examples including a first order lossy integrator a second order low-pass filter and sixth order high Q bandpass filter. The procedure developed in this paper can easily be extended to include other switched capacitor circuits.
Search and discovery in an uncertain networked world

This paper identifies two classes of sensor network problems that arise naturally in many applications. Fusion problem involves correlated data over the sensor network, while search/sensor selection involves selecting sensors that have useful information. The paper also describes an adaptive decision making system, which feeds back the previous decisions of the sensor network to make more informed decisions in the succeeding steps of the algorithm. The ideas that are developed for fusion problems proved to be useful in successfully executing the described algorithm. Problems such as target tracking in clutter and sensor selection can be fitted into the framework of this class.