cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective C–H Arylation and Vinylation of Cyclobutyl Carboxylic Amides

Chiral mono-N-protected aminomethyl oxazoline (MPAO) ligands are found to promote enantioselective C–H arylation and vinylation of the cyclobutyl carboxylic acid derivatives via Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox catalysis. This ligand scaffold overcame two important limitations of the previous MPAHA (mono-N-protected α-amino-O-methylhydroxamic acid) ligand-enabled asymmetric C–H activation/C–C coupling reactions of cyclic carboxylic amides through Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalysis: substrates containing α-hydrogen atoms are not compatible, and vinylation has not been developed. Sequential C–H arylation and vinylation of cyclobutanes are also performed to construct three contiguous chiral centers on the crowded cyclobutane rings, rendering this reaction highly versatile for the preparation of chiral cyclobutanes.
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities Among Physicians and the Impact on the Community They Serve

The influence of historical cultural norms is evident when analyzing the physician demographics in the United States. To this day, there exists a paucity in diversity as it pertains to gender balance and ethnicity. This phenomenon is particularly concerning when studies support the notion that race and gender concordance are associated with improved outcomes. The literature presented in this article identifies potential targets for interventions on how to attract, train, and retain minority physicians.
Clinical Studies with Bismuth-213 and Actinium-225 for Hematologic Malignancies.

Objectives Due to the shorter range and higher linear energy transfer of α-particles compared to β-particles, targeted α-particle therapy may produce more efficient tumor killing while sparing neighboring healthy cells. We will review the clinical studies using α-particle therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Methods A series of clinical trials were conducted to assess the safety, feasibility, and anti-leukemic effects of lintuzumab, an anti-CD33 humanized monoclonal antibody, labeled with the α-emitters bismuth- 213 (213Bi) and actinium-225 (225Ac). Results An initial phase I study conducted in 18 patients with relapsed or refractory AML demonstrated the safety and antitumor effects of 213Bi-lintuzumab. Subsequently, 213Bi-lintuzumab produced remissions in AML patients after partial cytoreduction with cytarabine in phase I/II trial. The 46- minute half-life of 213Bi and need for an onsite generator has limited its utility. Therefore, a secondgeneration construct was developed using 225Ac, a radiometal that yields four α-particle emissions. A phase I trial demonstrated that a single infusion of 225Ac-lintuzumab could be given safely at doses up to 111 kBq/kg with anti-leukemic activity across all dose levels studied. In a second phase I study, 28% of older patients with untreated AML had objective responses after receiving fractionated-dose 225Aclintuzumab and low-dose cytarabine. Conclusion Based upon the encouraging results seen in phase I trials of 225Ac-lintuzumab, a phase II study of 225Ac-lintuzumab monotherapy for older patients with untreated AML is now in progress and is also being studied in a subset of patients with CD33-positive multiple myeloma.
Constraints on and Alternatives to a Massive Black Hole at the Galactic center

Considerations are presented which could serve as nourishment for a “devil’s advocate” with regard to the concept of a very massive (~ 106 M⊙) black hole at the center of the Galaxy. Constraints on the BH mass given by various processes are summarized. Most attention is paid to a novel probe of the black hole by means of a “wind diagnostic,” i.e. by accounting for interaction of the BH with the wind responsible for the broad line region at the Galactic Center. All available data taken together do not require a very high mass for the BH, but a moderately massive black hole currently seems to present the prime candidacy from several alternatives.
Neuroanatomy of Itch

Peripheral tissues that can produce an itching sensation are the skin, the conjunctiva and the mucous membrane. In the skin, sensory nerves innervate the epidermis as well as the dermis and the subcutaneous fat tissue, although the autonomic nerves never innervate the epidermis. However, the sensory nerves causing the itching sensation seem to be located in a restricted part of the skin. Histamine has been known for decades to be a potent pruritogen in human beings and, for example, plays a key role in urticaria-associated pruritus.1 The sensation induced by experimentally applied histamine is, however, not always itchy. Itch is a sensation mainly induced when histamine is applied to the skin by iontophoresis or by pricking, while it is rather painful when subcutaneously injected.2 Clinically, release of histamine from mast cells in the upper dermis leads to urticaria that is characterized by wheal, flare and itching sensation. On the other hand, histamine release in the deep dermis or subcutaneous tissue results in angioedema that often associates with pain rather than with itch.3 The sensation caused by skin-burn also depends on the depth of damage. Itch frequently occurs in such damage in a limited and superficial manner or at the last recovering stage, while almost only pain occurs when there is deeper damage. According to a report published half a century ago, a single spicule taken from cowhage (macuna pruriens) pods induced itch most intensely if inserted to the depth of the basal membrane, while itch was never induced if the epidermis and upper dermis had been removed.4 Thus, it has been suggested that the peripheral origin of itch is limited to a superficial layer of skin, especially epidermis and upper dermis around the basal membrane.
Automatic Target Acquisition and Tracking with Cooperative Fixed and PTZ Video Cameras

This chapter presents an overview of an automated video tracking and location system under development at the University of Tennessee’s Imaging, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) Laboratory in Knoxville, Tennessee. Utilization of this system in any situation where detection of “wrong way” motion with subsequent video tracking would be beneficial is feasible. Examples of these situations include federal buildings, court houses, large office buildings, military bases, and national laboratories. Guidance of a robot arm employing dynamic imaging and motion trajectory analysis of workers in hazardous environments are also potential applications of the system’s tracking aspect. The University of Tennessee is initially developing this system for potential use as a security tool in commercial airports.
Empowering diabetes self-management by gamifying intelligent system: MyTrybeCare concept

The objective of this paper is to provide a new solution for self-managing diabetes mainly Type 2 diabetes and prevent pre-diabetes by using gamification and social networking platform. Our solution is based on improving social support and help patients with diabetes and those that are at high risk of diabetes learn more about their condition in an interactive way. myTrybeCare is a holistic user — centered app that aims to connect between social networking and gamification capabilities so to encourage and empower its users to interact with each other. Among designated features are setting challenges and activities that can help members' self-manage their goals.
New potential therapeutic modalities : aPC

The protein C anticoagulant pathway provides an “on demand” anticoagulant response whenever thrombin is generated. Activated protein C appears to possess both anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. The function of the pathway is impaired in sepsis, including the consumption of protein C and protein S, two plasma components of the pathway. Supplementation with protein C or activated protein C has been shown to inhibit the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) response in experimental animals and patients. Preliminary clinical results suggest that supplementation with components of the pathway may be useful in some patients with sepsis or septic shock.
High Priority Problems Experienced by Informal Caregivers of Individuals With Heart Failure

The purpose of this study was to identify high priority problems experienced by informal caregivers when providing care for individuals with heart failure in the home. This secondary analysis was p...
Image Segmentation Stability: An Empirical Investigation

This paper is an evaluation of the stability of image segmentation algorithms. We provide a definition of stability for segmentation algorithms, as well as a procedure for formulating stability measures in a given context. Using this procedure, a systematic empirical analysis of the stability of three popular image segmenation algorithms is performed. The stability of the algorithms is examined in the context of three real world transformations: video, compression and subimage alterations. The analysis provides evidence that stability is a meaningful property of an algorithm, and could be helpful for algorithm selection. This result lays the groundwork for developing methods for using stability as a means of automatic model and hyperparameter selection.
Disjunctive Programming and Its Relation to Integer Programming

Disjunctive programming is optimization over disjunctive sets. A (linear) disjunctive set is the solution set of a system of (linear) inequalities joined by the logical connectives of conjunction (∧, “and”, juxtaposition), disjunction (∨, “or”), negation (¬, “complement of”).
Portico at 1 Year: "There is Nothing Like First-Hand Evidence"-Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A Study in Scarlet, 1887.

> Long awaited, the St Jude Medical (St Paul, MN) Portico valve is a self-expanding percutaneous aortic valve prosthesis consisting of a Nitinol cage and leaflets made of bovine pericardium. Potential advantages of its design include large stent cell sizes and a relatively shorter height with minimal flaring, designed to prevent deep placement in the left ventricular outflow tract and lower pacemaker rates. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Linke et al1 present 1-year outcomes from the Portico prospective, multicenter registry (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01493284). A total of 222 patients with severe aortic stenosis and a mean age of 83 years (74% women) were enrolled in Europe and Australia, with the primary end point of all-cause 30-day mortality. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as study design, are similar to previous intermediate and high-risk transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) trials, with an Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) risk2 requirement of ≥4. Patients with a lower STS risk score but deemed inoperable or high risk by the heart team were also included. A high proportion, one third, of valves required recapture and repositioning during the procedure. The implanted valves included an equal distribution of all 4 available sizes. See Article by Linke et al All-cause mortality was 3.6% …
Penentuan Strategi Penurunan Food Waste dengan Menggunakan Simulasi: Studi Kasus Industri Donut

Food waste is a global issue that is currently the center of attention of the world community. From developing countries to developed countries try to develop various methods or approaches to contribute to solving this problem. The existence of food waste in an industry is an indication of an unsustainable system of food production and consumption. This will lead to problems in the form of low total margins on food products and higher operating costs. In this study, experiments were conducted to reduce food waste with a case study at store-level with monte carlo simulation at one of the international franchise bakeries in Surabaya. Analysis of the sale of a franchised bakery. Then, in the form of a template that corresponds to take into account the amount of waste and lost sales (TW / TU) and costs incurred (TLS and TWC). This template is used for simulation with the amount of running equivalent to 3 months. Based on the analysis of the initial simulation results, it is in the form of 3 scenarios that may be applied, namely batch delivery system change, forecasting system changes, and lastly the combination of the two. Based on the results of the scenario, it was obtained that the combined method of forecasting winter-method with delivery policy 2 times a day with the condition of delivery in the form of inventory must be less than 20% of the batch once sent. With this scenario was found the average result per day in the form of waste of 707 products with a total income of Rp91,035,686, waste cost of Rp1,542.22, lost sales of Rp1,248,371.
Discriminating hypothalamic oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea from hyperandrogenic oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea in exercising women.

The mechanism underlying oligo/amenorrhea in exercising women is often presumed as hypothalamic inhibition secondary to energy deficiency; however, hyperandrogenism may provide an alternative mecha...
A Two-Stage Batch Algorithm for Nonlinear Static Parameter Estimation

A two-stage batch estimation algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear, static parameter estimation problems that appear in aerospace engineering applications is proposed. It is shown how these problems can be recast into a form suitable for the proposed two-stage estimation process. In the first stage, linear least squares is used to obtain a subset of the unknown parameters (set 1), while a residual sampling procedure is used for selecting initial values for the rest of the parameters (set 2). In the second stage, depending on the uniqueness of the local minimum, either only the parameters in the second set need to be re-estimated, or all the parameters will have to be re-estimated simultaneously, by a nonlinear constrained optimization. The estimates from the first stage are used as initial conditions for the second stage optimizer. It is shown that this approach alleviates the sensitivity to initial conditions and minimizes the likelihood of converging to an incorrect local minimum of the nonlinear cost function. An error bound analysis is presented to show that the first stage can be solved in such a way that the total cost function will be driven to the optimal cost, and the difference has an upper bound. Two tutorial examples are used to show how to implement this estimator and compare its performance to other similar nonlinear estimators. Finally, the estimator is used on a 5-hole Pitot tube calibration problem using flight test data collected from a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) which cannot be easily solved with single-stage methods.
RefSeq: expanding the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline reach with protein family model curation

The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) project at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) contains nearly 200 000 bacterial and archaeal genomes and 150 million proteins with up-to-date annotation. Changes in the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) since 2018 have resulted in a substantial reduction in spurious annotation. The hierarchical collection of protein family models (PFMs) used by PGAP as evidence for structural and functional annotation was expanded to over 35 000 protein profile hidden Markov models (HMMs), 12 300 BlastRules and 36 000 curated CDD architectures. As a result, >122 million or 79% of RefSeq proteins are now named based on a match to a curated PFM. Gene symbols, Enzyme Commission numbers or supporting publication attributes are available on over 40% of the PFMs and are inherited by the proteins and features they name, facilitating multi-genome analyses and connections to the literature. In adherence with the principles of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable), the PFMs are available in the Protein Family Models Entrez database to any user. Finally, the reference and representative genome set, a taxonomically diverse subset of RefSeq prokaryotic genomes, is now recalculated regularly and available for download and homology searches with BLAST. RefSeq is found at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/.
Health Council of the Netherlands and evaluation of the fifth generation, 5G, for wireless communication and cancer risks

Currently the fifth generation, 5G, for wireless communication is about to be rolled out worldwide. Many persons are concerned about potential health risks from radiofrequency radiation. In September 2017, a letter was sent to the European Union asking for a moratorium on the deployment until scientific evaluation has been made on potential health risks (http://www.5Gappeal.eu). This appeal has had little success. The Health Council of the Netherlands released on September 2, 2020 their evaluation on 5G and health. It was largely based on a World Health Organization draft and report by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, both criticized for not being impartial. The guidelines by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection were recommended to be used, although they have been considered to be insufficient to protect against health hazards (http://www.emfscientist.org). The Health Council Committee recommended not to use the 26 GHz frequency band until health risks have been studied. For lower frequencies, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines were recommended. The conclusion that there is no reason to stop the use of lower frequencies for 5G is not justified by current evidence on cancer risks as commented in this article. A moratorium is urgently needed on the implementation of 5G for wireless communication.
Model Approach to a Groundwater Problem

Use of models to determine directions of flow, velocities, location of hydraulic divides, and to forecast conditions which may occur in future; electric analog plotter and hydraulic model used for investigation of conditions in unconfined aquifer; results of two models checked each other in their field of mutual results.
The Mayo Clinic studies

The Mayo Clinic has undertaken studies of chemotherapy for osteosarcoma since 1976. The first study, which opened in 1979 and closed in 1980, evaluated the role of high-dose methotrexate in combination with vincristine. From 1983 through 1986 patients were entered into a Childrens Cancer Group trial evaluating multiagent chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosar-coma. In 1988, a pilot protocol (OGS PILOT-1) was opened in collaboration with the University of Minnesota, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, and the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles. This pilot protocol evaluated the histopathologic response to the combination of ifosfamide, Adriamycin, and high-dose methotrexate. This protocol was closed to patient entry in January 1991, and a second pilot protocol (OGS PILOT-2) was opened with the same collaborators. This second pilot protocol is evaluating the feasibility of a four-drug induction of cisplatin, ifosfamide, Adriamycin, and high-dose methotrexate and the histopathologic response to this regimen. The main theme these pilot protocols are exploring is the efficacy and feasibility of adding ifosfamide to the regimens used to treat osteosarcoma.
Anytime dynamic programming for coalition structure generation

Determining the optimal coalition structure is a central problem in multi-agent systems. Two popular techniques include dynamic programming and anytime search algorithms. Dynamic programming algorithms guarantee an optimal solution and have the best worst case running time. Anytime algorithms are flexible as they can terminate before the search has completed, but have a significantly poorer worst case runtime. This paper provides an anytime dynamic programming algorithm with the worst case runtime of dynamic programming and the flexibility of anytime search.
Mollaret's meningitis and differential diagnosis of recurrent meningitis. Report of case, with review of the literature.

Abstract The clinical features in a patient with recurrent brief episodes of aseptic meningitis are described. They were identical to those in an entity known as Mollaret's meningitis and ours is the first recorded instance of this disease in the United States. Large fragile "endothelial" cells were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as a mild degree of hypoglycorrhachia and a mild increase in gamma globulins. There was a tendency toward leukopenia and mild eosinophilia during the symptom-free intervals. There was also a modest increase in the concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum. The data in nineteen previously recorded cases of Mollaret's meningitis are reviewed, and the occurrence of transient neurologic manifestations in some of them is stressed. These include coma, grand mal seizures, syncope, delirium, hallucinations, anisocoria, absence of abdominal reflexes, visual disturbances, diplopia, speech impairment, disequilibrium, facial paresis and unilateral or bilateral Babinski reflexes. However, in patients with Mollaret's disease most episodes are characterized by a mild meningitis without any associated additional neurologic abnormalities. Conditions which should be considered in differential diagnosis of recurrent meningitis or low grade fluctuating encephalomeningitis or meningitis are discussed. It is our opinion that, although at times there may be difficulties in differentiating it from other conditions, Mollaret's meningitis is a distinct, albeit rare, clinical entity.
Recovery of synaptic transmission from oxygen glucose deprivation in Syrian hamster hippocampi is temperature dependent and enhanced in hibernation (877.11)

It is not known if recovery of signal processing following transient oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) is greater in hippocampal slices from hibernating hamsters (HH) than in slices from nonhibernat...
Cell Proliferation in the Dorsal and Lateral Lobes of the Rat Prostate During Postnatal Development

We have shown previously that cell proliferation occurs throughout the ducts of the rat ventral prostate during its postnatal development. Our objectives herein were to identify and quantify proliferating cells in the dorsal and lateral lobes, to quantify DNA synthetic activity in the distal and proximal segments of these lobes, and to compare the results obtained to the results of our previous studies of the ventral lobe. [3H]-Thymidine, administered in vivo, was incorporated into both the distal and proximal segments of day 10-60 rat dorsal and lateral prostates. Quantitative analyses of autoradiographs revealed that the percentages of labeled cells in the distal and proximal segments of the dorsal and lateral lobes were not significantly different at days 45 and 60, and they were only slightly (though significantly) different at days 10 and 20. Biochemical analyses of [3H]-thymidine incorporation similarly revealed no significant differences in the distal and proximal segments at days 45 and 60, and only small differences at days 10 and 20. The results of analyses of mitotic figures were consistent with the results of autoradiographic analyses, showing clearly that cell proliferation occurs throughout the rat dorsal and lateral prostates. These results show for the first time that cell proliferation occurs throughout the dorsal and lateral lobes, strikingly reminiscent of the proliferation pattern that we reported previously for the ventral lobe.
Virus Decay and Its Causes in Coastal Waters

Recent evidence suggests that viruses play an influential role within the marine microbial food web. To understand this role, it is important to determine rates and mechanisms of virus removal and degradation. We used plaque assays to examine the decay of infectivity in lab-grown viruses seeded into natural seawater. The rates of loss of infectivity of native viruses from Santa Monica Bay and of nonnative viruses from the North Sea in the coastal seawater of Santa Monica Bay were determined. Viruses were seeded into fresh seawater that had been pretreated in various ways: filtration with a 0.2-(mu)m-pore-size filter to remove organisms, heat to denature enzymes, and dissolved organic matter enrichment to reconstitute enzyme activity. Seawater samples were then incubated in full sunlight, in the dark, or under glass to allow partitioning of causative agents of virus decay. Solar radiation always resulted in increased rates of loss of virus infectivity. Virus isolates which are native to Santa Monica Bay consistently degraded more slowly in full sunlight in untreated seawater (decay ranged from 4.1 to 7.2% h(sup-1)) than nonnative marine bacteriophages which were isolated from the North Sea (decay ranged from 6.6 to 11.1% h(sup-1)). All phages demonstrated susceptibility to degradation by heat-labile substances, as heat treatment reduced the decay rates to about 0.5 to 2.0% h(sup-1) in the dark. Filtration reduced decay rates by various amounts, averaging 20%. Heat-labile, high-molecular-weight dissolved material (>30 kDa, probably enzymes) appeared responsible for about 1/5 of the maximal decay. Solar radiation was responsible for about 1/3 to 2/3 of the maximal decay of nonnative viruses and about 1/4 to 1/3 of that of the native viruses, suggesting evolutionary adaptation to local light levels. Our results suggest that sunlight is an important contributing factor to virus decay but also point to the significance of particles and dissolved substances in seawater.
Embryonal central neuroepithelial tumors: Current concepts and future challenges

While the embryonal central neuroepithelial tumors present complex conceptual and clinical problems, advances in cell type identification by special neurohistological, immunohisto- and immunocytochemical techniques have permitted discrimination of distinct cytomorphogenetic entities. These are based in part on their resemblance to the normal phases of neurocytogenesis. Four of these tumors, medulloepithelioma, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, pineoblastoma and medulloblastoma, are designated as multipotential in light of their capacity to undergo divergent differentiation. Cytomorphogenetic, clinical and experimental data implicate fetal neural cell targets for transformation and raise the possibility that aberrant developmental regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the biologic behavior of these tumors. Growth factors and some neuroregulatory neurotransmitters (such as serotonin) are known to act as modulators of normal neuromorphogenesis. They could play a regulatory role in central neuroepithelial tumors on the hypothesis that the aberrant behavior of the embryonal neoplasms could either be modified by fuctional receptor responses or result from abnormal receptor responses to these substances. Future challenges include 1) the definition of new cytomorphogenetic entities and subgroups of the currently defined forms of embryonal CNS tumors based on the presence of specific growth factors and neuroregulatory neurotransmitters, or their receptors, 2) the characterization of neoplastic receptor responses mediating any modulatory role of the presently known growth factors or neuroregulatory neurotransmitters on the growth and maturation potential of the embryonal central neuroepithelial tumors and 3) the further definition of developmental, stage-specific modulators that might be operative in these tumors.
Amino Acid Sequence Comparison as an Aid to Determining Evolutionary Origins

The development of rapid methods for determining amino acid and nucleic acid sequences has stimulated a great awakening among biochemists about matters of evolution. These endeavors have depended on the use of computers for manipulating and storing the vast amounts of accruing sequence data. Together these two advances, the collection of sequences and computer-assisted analysis, are allowing a remarkable reconstruction of the history of life on Earth. Just as there have always been technical problems associated with sequence determinations, however, so are there problems and limitations in the computer analysis field. Although in principle it is possible to reconstruct past events with present-day sequences, there are a number of confounding aspects that must be confronted.
Moon reflection studies with bistatic radar at 3,000 mc

Measurements have been made of moon-reflected radar signals transmitted by the Royal Radar Establishment from Malvern, England, and received by the Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory of The University of Texas at Austin, Texas. These supplement monostatic radar measurements made by a number of organizations and a few bistatic measurements which have been noted in news articles and mentioned at technical symposia. Reports have been made of monostatic measurements in the very-high-frequency (vhf) band by Trexler and Evans and in the 3,000-mc (megacycle) region by Yaplee and Hughes.1?4
Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Respiratory Muscle Function in the Obese Population

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is one of the most important health metrics in apparently healthy individuals, those at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease and virtually all patient populations. In addition to CRF, a host of other variables obtained from aerobic exercise testing provides clinically valuable information. Individuals classified as obese (i.e. a body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) have varying degrees of CV, pulmonary and skeletal muscle dysfunction that impact CRF and other key aerobic exercise testing variables. Moreover, there is now evidence indicating inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle function, even in the absence of interstitial lung disease, is potentially compromised as a result of obesity. When obesity-induced respiratory muscle dysfunction is present, it has the potential to contribute to the limitations in CRF. The current review will discuss aerobic exercise testing and the assessment of respiratory muscle function in the obese population.
Theoretical Study on the Interaction between Xenon and Positively Charged Silver Clusters in Gas Phase and on the (001) Chabazite Surface

A systematic study on the adsorption of xenon on silver clusters in the gas phase and on the (001) surface of silver-exchanged chabazite is reported. Density functional theory at the B3LYP level with the cluster model was employed. The results indicate that the dominant part of the binding is the σ donation, which is the charge transfer from the 5p orbital of Xe to the 5s orbital of Ag and is not the previously suggested dπ−dπ back-donation. A correlation between the binding energy and the degree of σ donation is found. Xenon was found to bind strongly to silver cluster cations and not to neutral ones. The binding strength decreases as the cluster size increases for both cases, clusters in the gas-phase and on the chabazite surface. The Ag+ cation is the strongest binding site for xenon both in gas phase and on the chabazite surface with the binding energies of 73.9 and 14.5 kJ/mol, respectively. The results also suggest that the smaller silver clusters contribute to the negative chemical shifts observed ...
The use of hypnotic dreaming in the treatment of the borderline patient: Some thoughts on resistance and transitional phenomena

Abstract This paper examines some phenomena of resistance to learning and utilizing self-hypnosis which may occur in the treatment of patients with borderline level ego organization and pathology. Conflicts around separation, individuation, and the constancy of selflother representations are highlighted as significant dynamic factors central to this resistance. The use of hypnotic dreams and the facilitation of transitional relatedness through dream processes and symbols are suggested and discussed as avenues for the clinical management of resistance to auto-hypnosis in hypnotherapy with these patients.
Relation of neutron incommensurability to electronic structure in high-temperature superconductors

The relation between the incommensurability observed in neutron scattering experiments in bilayer cuprate superconductors and the electronic structure is investigated. It is found that the observed incommensurability pattern, as well as its dependence on energy, can be well reproduced by electronic dispersions motivated by angle-resolved photoemission data. The commensurate resonance and its contribution to the superconducting condensation energy are discussed in the context of these calculations. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
High-precision division and square root

We present division and square root algorithm for calculations with more bits than are handled by the floating-point hardware. These algorithms avoid the need to multiply two high-precision numbers, speeding up the last iteration by as much as a factor of 10. We also show how to produce the floating-point number closest to the exact result with relatively few additional operations.
Correlation of brain glucose utilization and cortical electrical activity during development of brain oxygen toxicity

Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity in rats is characterized by the appearance of alterations in electrical cortical activity (ECoG), followed by the appearance of paroxysmal electrical discharges and finally the onset of clinical convulsions. The correlation between the changes in ECoG and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl) during progressive oxygen toxicity was studied. Cortical electrodes for ECoG recording and venal arterial cannula for autoradiographic measurement of rCMRgl were chronically implanted. Using [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), the rCMRgl was measured in conscious unrestrained rats during different periods of exposure to 5 atmospheres absolute oxygen as well as an equivalent normoxic high pressure, while ECoG was continuously recorded and analyzed. A statistically significant increase in rCMRgl in 13 out of 24 investigated brain structures was found during the pre-paroxysmal electrical discharge period. This increase was accompanied by an elevation in slow and a reduction in fast ECoG frequency bands. The largest increase in rCMRgl was found in cerebellar and cerebral cortices, limbic, auditory and visual structures. Following the appearance of the first paroxysmal electrical discharge (FED) some limbic structures and cerebellar cortex showed further increases in rCMRgl, while several auditory and visual structures exhibited a significant decrease. Five atmospheres normoxic pressure had no effect on rCMRgl in any of the brain structures examined. It is concluded that pre-paroxysmal electrical discharge ECoG changes and the onset of the FED during progressive oxygen toxicity are not due to inhibition of brain energy metabolism. The possible mechanisms leading to alterations in rCMRgl during hyperbaric oxygenation are discussed.
Characteristics of 30-centimeter mercury ion thrusters

The technology development of the 30-cm J-series mercury ion thruster for prime propulsion application in solar electric propulsion systems has been conducted at NASA-Lewis Research Center. This development included the fabrication and testing of the 30-cm thruster. The present J-series thruster design is the result of an intensive effort to eliminate real and potential design deficiencies that were uncovered during initial endurance, structural, and performance tests. A standardized set of test and data recording procedure was formulated to allow for the characterization of the J-series thruster. This paper briefly reviews the design of the J-series thruster and presents a compilation of recent test results that define the J-series thruster characteristics.
Family Variation in Parent-Adolescent Storm and Stress:

In this review it is argued that traditional attempts to classify the parent-adolescent relationship as either harmonious or discordant are misdirected. Relations between parents and adolescents vary in conflict. Although most parents and adolescents report that they rarely argue, in a minority of families conflict and discord are common. A review of the literature reveals that parent-adolescent conflict varies as a function of family social context, family structure, characteristics of parents and adolescents, and, most importantly, style of parent-adolescent interaction. From a behaviorial perspective the important components of interaction style are communication/problem-solving skills, the techniques parents use to manage their adolescents, and the exchange of positive and negative behaviors.
Nitric acid-air diffusion coefficient: Experimental determination

Abstract Trace gaseous HNO 3 in air is removed in a laminar flow nylon tube. The HNO 3 deposition pattern was obtained by sectioning the tube, extracting with an aqueous solution, and measuring the concentration by ion chromatography. Mass transport analysis of the deposition pattern demonstrated the HNO 3 was removed from the air stream at a rate controlled by gaseous diffusion. The HNO 3 -air diffusion coefficient = 0.118 ± 0.003 cm 2 s −1 ( n = 7) for T = 298 K and P = 1 atm. It exhibited no dependence on relative humidity over the range 5–95 %.
REALIST REVOLUTIONS: FREE TRADE, OPEN ECONOMIES, PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY AND THEIR IMPACT ON LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS

In the industrialized democracies, free elections, the lowering of trade barriers and the opening of national economies to foreign competition are natural progressions within open systems. But in the Latin American context, where rule by oligarchy and inbred political-social-economic systems have been the norm, participatory democracy, one-man-one-vote elections, the opening of economies, and free trade are revolutionary processes subversive of the established order. To join the ranks of the industrialized democracies fundamental changes to Latin American social structures are necessary.
Real-time meteorological display on PROFS PC-based workstation

Real-time meteorological display on PROP'S PC-based workstationU. Herb GroteNOAA/ERL/Forecast Sys tems LaboratoryProgram for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services (PROFS)Boulder, Colorado 80303ABSTRACTThe acquisition and real-time analysis of comprehensive, high resolution,meteorological data sets require considerable processing power. Each datasource (such as radar, satellite, observing networks) requires uniqueprocessing to acquire the data, control quality, and convert the data into a user-acceptable form. To rapidly present these data for display at a workstation, muchof the data are routinely converted into display-ready form and stored on theworkstation disk. The PROFS PC-based workstation allows the forecast and researchmeteorologist to rapidly manipulate the displays and also access the raw data forcustom processing. Although the workstation has been optimized for real-timeresponse, the software is being extended to also allow some review and perusal ofrecorded data.
Pyelotumour backflow: a manifestation of renal cell carcinoma

The pyelographic appearance of extravasation of contrast medium from the pelvi-caliceal system into the tumour bed and cavity of necrotic renal cell carcinomas was seen in a retrograde pyelogram and a drip infusion intravenous pyelogram in two patients. This unique and uncommonly recognized clinico-radiological phenomenon presents clinically as gross haematuria, and radiologically as pyelotumour backflow. The radiological appearance is characteristic in that it does not resemble any of the well-known varieties of the backflow phenomenon. It is considered to be one of the radiological manifestations of renal cell carcinoma, but it has been described only superficially in the English literature. Recognition of this characteristic radiological feature is important because the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma can be made on the pyelographic appearance alone, often eliminating the need for further costly and traumatic diagnostic radiological studies. The radiological features of the pyelotumour backflow as seen in two patients are presented in this report.
THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS FOR ADRENAL CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Abstract Six thin-layer chromatography solvent systems for the separation of corticosteroids are presented. Their application for the isolation of aldosterone and the 18-hydroxysteroids from bovine adrenal extracts is discussed.
Global properties of diffusion processes on cylindrical type phase space

Abstract A diffusion process on a multi-dimensional cylinder is developed that can be used to study stochastic processes defining states in physical systems having angular measurements. Stochastic Liapunov functions and supermartingales are used to investigate asymptotic stability and related properties of the process. A model for a satellite under the influence of aerodynamic and gravitational torques is developed as a canonical diffusion process on a cylinder; the atmospheric density uncertainty introduces the randomness into the system. Stochastic stability of this system, along with general pendulum systems, is investigated.
Characterization of notochord collagen as a cartilage-type collagen.

Abstract Sturgeon notochord and cartilage collagens have been characterized with respect to chromatographic properties, amino acid composition, carbohydrate content, and cyanogen bromide cleavage products of the component α chains. The data show that the collagen of both tissues is comprised of a single type of α chain and that the notochord and cartilage chains are identical. Further, the sturgeon chains bear a striking resemblance to previously characterized α1(II) chains from avian and mammalian hyaline cartilages. These observations strongly suggest that the data may be extrapolated to higher organisms and indicate that during development, a cartilage-type collagen is synthesized by notochord cells prior to the appearance of tissues classically identified as cartilage on the basis of morphology.
Heterologous malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the cervical stump.

A 76-year-old woman presented with vaginal bleeding 37 years following supracervical hysterectomy for a benign disease. Extensive malignant mixed Mullerian tumor was found in the remaining uterine cervix. This appears to be the first documented case of the malignant mixed Mullerian tumor arising in a cervical stump. Possibility of derivation of this tumor from endometriosis notwithstanding, the cervical Mullerian neoplastic potential parallels that of the endometrium because of the developmental kinship of the two. This potential has been fully retained and expressed as a tumor in the cervical stump in this case.
Hierarchical spectral basis and Galerkin formulation using barycentric quadrature grids in triangular elements

Triangular spectral elements with modal shape functions are considered. The use of different types of nodal sets as quadrature grids for the construction of operators involved in the Galerkin formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is investigated. Specifically, a Jacobi-polynomial tensor-product hierarchical basis is employed and the numerical integration, differentiation and projection on a Cartesian grid, and on two barycentric grids proposed by Blyth and Pozrikidis (2005, IMA J. Appl. Math. 71:153–169) and Taylor et al. (2005, SIAM J. Numer. Anal, Under review) are examined. A comparison of accuracy, efficiency and stability for a standard flow problem with exact solution is presented.
Adenosine and its analogs stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the kidney.

Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion are known to be affected by adenosine. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the actions of adenosine and its analogs (bo
Mechanical and heat transfer models for frictional heating in superconducting coils

Some mechanisms which can cause slip in superconducting coils are identified. Simple worst case elasticity models are developed which predict the magnitude of the relative motions and the frictional heat generated. A general heat transfer model is presented which predicts temperature rises in the superconductors. The model is applicable to superconducting windings with turn-to-turn insulation, where the slip occurs at an insulation-to-insulation interface. The model assumes the slip occurs in zero time in order to take into account the possibility of "stick-slip".
Surface EMG Measurements at the Throat during Dry and Wet Swallowing

Within the sphere of dysphagia management, there is a growing need for the development of noninvasive methods of quantification of swallowing disorders. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if surface electromyogram (EMG) at the throat could be measured during swallowing. Surface EMG was measured from 35 normal human subjects during dry and wet swallowing. The EMG signals recorded were highpass filtered using digital fourth order highpass Butterworth filter to eliminate baseline variations. Spectral analysis was performed on the filtered signals. The mean power values of the surface EMG signals were then calculated. Paired t-test between the mean power values of surface EMG during dry and wet swallowing showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005). The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that surface EMG at the throat during swallowing could be measured. Mean power of surface EMG measurement provides a reliable noninvasive measure of swallowing.
Automated sensitivity analysis of an atmospheric dispersion model

Abstract Sensitivity analysis is a necessary component in the evaluation of computer models utilized in support of performance assessment activities. Understanding the behavior of predictive models with respect to input data is important for (1) verifying the validity of a model, (2) determining parameters for which it is important to have accurate values, and (3) understanding the behavior of the system being modeled. This paper describes an automated procedure for performing a comprehensive sensitivity analysis using computer calculus. The procedure employs an automated system called GRESS that utilizes a precompiler to enhance a FORTRAN computer code by adding derivative-taking capabilities. From a single run of an enhanced model, GRESS calculates and reports normalized sensitivities of selected results with respect to all input data. GRESS computes a normalized sensitivity by multiplying a derivative by its associated input enhanced model, GRESS calculates and reports normalized sensitivities of selected results with respect to all parameter value and dividing by the associated output value. The automated GRESS procedure is applied to the code AIRDOS-EPA, which estimates radiation doses caused by atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides around nuclear facilities. The sensitivity calculations for a sample problem show good agreement with those obtained by perturbation analysis. Results demonstrate that an automated procedure can be used cheaply and efficiently to perform a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of existing computer models. A methodology for developing enhanced versions of assessment models that include the capability to report routinely sensitivities for important parameters is discussed. Both GRESS and AIRDOS-EPA are available from the Radiation Shielding Information Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008.
Energy levels in 23Na from the 19F(α, n)22Na reaction

Abstract The 0° differential cross sections for the production of four neutron groups, populating the ground state and the four lowest excited states of the residual 22 Na nucleus were measured. For incident α-energies of up to 4.7 MeV more than sixty resonances, corresponding to levels in 23 Na were seen; most of them had not been reported previously. Angular distributions were measured at eight α-energies. The excitation curve for the 19 F(α, P 1 γ) 22 Ne reaction was also obtained and eighteen additional levels were identified in 23 Na.
Digging for algorithmic nuggets in the land of polyominoes

This paper seeks to demonstrate that tiling with polyominoes, almost entirely neglected by textbooks on algorithms, can provide valuable examples of applications of algorithm design techniques, some of which are not easy to illustrate by examples from other domains.
Trends in Asian American Racial/Ethnic Intermarriage: A Comparison of 1980 and 1990 Census Data

In this paper, we use data from the 1990 census to compare patterns of Asian American intermarriage with those reported by Lee and Yamanaka (1990). Lee and Yamanaka (1990) used data from the 1980 c...