cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure determination and infrared spectroscopy of K(UO2)(SO4)(OH)(H2O) and K(UO2)(SO4)(OH).

Two potassium uranyl sulfate compounds were synthesized, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. K(UO2)(SO4)(OH)(H2O) (KUS1) crystallizes in space group P21/c, a = 8.0521(4) A, b = 7.9354(4) A, c = 11.3177(6) A, β = 107.6780(10)°, V = 689.01(6) A3, and Z = 4. K(UO2)(SO4)(OH) (KUS2) is orthorhombic Pbca, a = 8.4451(2) A, b = 10.8058(4) A, c = 13.5406(5)A, V = 1235.66(7)A3, and Z = 8. Both structures were refined on the basis of F2 for all unique data collected with Mo Kα radiation and a CCD-based detector to agreement indices R1 = 0.0251 and 0.0206 calculated for 2856 and 2616 reflections for KUS1 and KUS2, respectively. The structures contain vertex-sharing uranyl pentagonal bipyramids and sulfate tetrahedra linked into new chains and sheet topologies. Infrared spectroscopy provides additional information about the linkages between the sulfate and uranyl polyhedra, as well as the hydrogen bonding present in the structures. The U−O−S connectivity is examined in det...
Research on the Method of Wavelet Packet Coefficient Distances in the Feature Extraction of the Sound from the Liquid Floated Gyro

A new method of wavelet packet coefficient distances is proposed to extract the sound feature from the liquid floated gyro Discussion about the distances is the most important part in this method.So three kinds of distances including mean distance,varian distance and Euler distance,are considered and compared first in theory and then in the practical.With the real data from some SG gyro,these distance are given the practical meanings,such as variant distance mostly demonstrates the feature of the gyro sound,mea distance indicates the low-frequency disturbance and so on.This method is proved to be effective and makes great bases for the performance monitoring of the gyro.
Medullary blood flow responses to changes in arterial pressure in canine kidney

Although it is well recognized that whole kidney and cortical blood flow exhibit efficient autoregulation in response to alterations in renal arterial pressure (RAP), the autoregulatory behavior of medullary blood flow (MBF) has remained uncertain. We have evaluated MBF responses to stepwise reductions in RAP for both short-term (2 min, n = 6) and longer periods (15 min, n = 7) using single-fiber laser-Doppler flowmetry with needle probes inserted into the mid-medullary region in denervated kidneys of 13 anesthetized dogs. The changes in cortical blood flow (CBF) were assessed with either a surface probe or a needle probe inserted into the cortex. Control total renal blood flow (RBF), assessed by electromagnetic flow probe in these dogs, was 5.2 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.g-1, and glomerular filtration rate was 0.97 +/- 0.05 ml.min-1.g-1 (n = 7). RBF, MBF, and CBF all exhibited efficient autoregulatory behavior during changes in RAP from 150 to 75 mmHg. The slopes of RAP vs. RBF, CBF, as well as MBF, were not significantly different from zero within this range of RAP. Below RAP of 75 mmHg, all indexes of blood flow showed linear decreases with reductions in pressure. The data indicate that blood flow in the renal medulla of dogs exhibits efficient autoregulatory behavior, similar to that in the cortex.
Investigation of Blue Bedding in Cages Housing Treatment-Naïve Hamsters.

During the acclimation phase of a preclinical safety study involving Syrian golden hamsters, some of the cages of treatment-naive animals were noted to contain blue-tinged bedding; the urine of these hamsters was not discolored. We sought to understand the underlying cause of this unusual finding to ensure that the study animals were healthy and free from factors that might confound the interpretation of the study. Analysis of extracts from the blue bedding by using HPLC with inline UV detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that the color was due to the presence of indigo blue. Furthermore, the indigo blue likely was formed through a series of biochemical events initiated by the intestinal metabolism of tryptophan to an indoxyl metabolite. We offer 2 hypotheses regarding the fate of the indoxyl metabolite: indigo blue formation through oxidative coupling in the liver or through urinary bacterial metabolism.
A SPH Implementation with Ignition and Growth and Afterburning Models for Aluminized Explosives

Aluminized explosives have been applied in military industry since decades ago. Compared with ideal explosives such as TNT, HMX, RDX, aluminized explosives feature both fast detonation and slow metal combustion chemistry, generating a complex multi-phase reactive flow. Though aluminized explosives have been employed for a long time, the mechanism underneath the chemical process is still not thoroughly understood. In this paper, a smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method incorporated ignition and growth model, and afterburning model has been proposed for the simulation of aluminized explosive. Ignition and growth model is currently the most popular model for the simulation of high explosives, which is capable of accurately reproducing arrival time of detonation front and pressure history of high explosives. It has been integrated in commercial software such as ANSYS-LS DYNA. In addition, an afterburning model has been integrated in the SPH code to simulate the combustion of aluminum particles. Simulation is compared with experiment and good agreement is observed. The proposed mathematical model can be used to study the detonation of aluminized explosives.
Smooth and selective photo-electrochemical etching of heavily doped GaN:Si using a mode-locked 355 nm microchip laser

We investigate the photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching of Si-doped GaN samples grown on nonpolar GaN substrates, using a KOH/K2S2O8 solution and illuminated by a Xe arc lamp or a Q-switched 355 nm laser. The etch rate with the arc lamp decreased as the doping concentration increased, and the etching stopped for concentrations above 7.7 × 1018 cm−3. The high peak intensity of the Q-switched laser extended the etchable concentration to 2.4 × 1019 cm−3, with an etch rate of 14 nm/min. Compositionally selective etching was demonstrated, with an RMS surface roughness of 1.6 nm after etching down to an n-Al0.20Ga0.80N etch stop layer.
Enduring Consequences From the War on Drugs: How Policing Practices Impact HIV Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs in Baltimore City

ABSTRACTBackground: Neighborhood-level characteristics, including police activity, are associated with HIV and Hepatitis C injection risk-behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, the pathways through which these neighborhood perceptions shape individual-level HIV risk behaviors are unclear. This study helps to explain perceived behaviors between perceived neighborhood police activity and HIV injection risk behavior (i.e., injection syringe/tool sharing in the previous 6 months). Methods: A sample of (n = 366) PWIDs who self-reported recent use were recruited using community-based outreach methods in Baltimore, Maryland. Neighborhood police perceptions were assessed by asking participants whether they would (1) be more likely to ask others to share injection tools in the context of heightened police activity and (2) be less likely to carry syringes with them due to fear of arrest. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to identify statistical relationships. Recent police encounter...
Disability Items From the Current Population Survey (2008-2015) and Permanent Versus Temporary Disability Status.

Objectives. To examine longitudinal responses to the disability indicator questions that have been adopted as the standard across national surveys sponsored by the US Department of Health and Human Services.Methods. Data from the Current Population Survey between 2008 and 2015 were linked to create a longitudinal sample of 721 178 individual respondents.Results. Responses to the disability questions fluctuated significantly. Although 17% of all respondents reported a disability at some point, only 3% consistently reported the same set of disabilities. Demographic differences were found between people who always reported a consistent set of disabilities and those whose responses fluctuated.Conclusions. The disability questions capture 2 discrete groups: people who experience a permanent disability and those who experience a temporary disability. Demographic differences between these groups suggest that this is not simply due to measurement error.
Wide-field fast-scanning photoacoustic microscopy of brain functions in action

We have developed fast functional photoacoustic microscopy for 3D high-resolution high-speed imaging of the mouse brain. In particular, a novel single-wavelength pulse-width-based method can image blood oxygenation with capillary-level resolution at 100 kHz frame rate.
Eastern Prospects: Kiosks, Belvederes, Gazebos

Gazebo is attested only in English, although the architectural structures and features so designated, and related terms such as kiosk, belvedere, pergola are widely found in the context of European orientalism. An etymology for gazebo is sought in Hispano-Arabic and a likely candidate meaning `mirador, viewing platform' is found in the work of the medieval Cordoban poet Ibn Guzman. The eighteenth-century British occupation of Tangiers may have provided an avenue for the importation of this lexical isolate, although the architecture of the octagonal garden pavilion now designated gazebo would have had multiple paths to Britain.
The Enhanced Pre- and Postnatal Development Study for Monoclonal Antibodies

The enhanced pre- and postnatal (ePPND) study design has been developed in response to new scientific knowledge and subsequent guideline changes [ICH M3(R2) and ICH S6(R1)]. The changes in study design were basically driven by the experiences obtained during preclinical development of biopharmaceuticals. The standard ePPND concept does not apply to conventional small molecule pharmaceuticals. In essence, the ePPND design is a pre- and postnatal development (PPND) study in which key elements of an embryo-fetal development study are investigated in newborns and infants rather than in the fetus. The cynomolgus monkey is the current relevant nonhuman primate model. The ICH S6(R1) guideline reached step 5 in June 2011 and provides detailed recommendations on various parameters and the conduct of an ePPND study. This chapter provides working guidance for monitoring menstrual cycles to generate pregnant animals, ultrasound monitoring of pregnancy, morphometric measurements of fetuses and newborns, in vivo skeletal examination, various protocols for evaluation of infants (e.g., neurobehavioral assessment, learning and memory test, grip strength, immune system evaluation) and a comprehensive list of additional infant evaluation parameters for the cynomolgus monkey.
Polypharmacy in Alzheimer's disease patients in Brazil: Guidance for pharmaceutical assistance

Background: Elderly patients frequently have concomitant diseases, triggering the necessity of utilizing several different medications, which can cause adverse events associated with therapy, called polypharmacy. This study aimed to evaluate the main concomitant diseases with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and discuss possible interactions between drugs utilized to treat dementia and its comorbidities, and indicate safe medicines for patients with AD . Methods: 41 individuals with AD who withdraw medicines for dementia from the Brazilian public health system (SUS) participated in this study. Data collection was performed using three questionnaires: 1) Clinical Dementia Rating, to verify disease stage; 2) Mini–mental state examination, to measure cognitive impairment; and 3) Sociodemographic analysis, to evaluate concomitant diseases, utilized drugs, drug-drug interactions, among other demographic variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and data was presented as relative frequency. Results: The results of this study showed that the most frequent concomitant diseases with AD are: systemic arterial hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Polypharmacy was observed in 95.12% of patients. The pharmacologic classes that presented interactions with AD medications were anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics. Conclusion: In the present study, polypharmacy in patients with AD and other concomitant diseases has been characterized. The average number of drugs that these patients ingested was seven per day, and this leads to drug interactions, which are potentially damaging to the body. Consequently, we have tried to reduce these interactions, by suggesting drugs that are safer, for example furosemide instead of amlodipine to treat hypertension.
“It Was . . . the Word ‘Scrotum’ on the First Page”: Educators’ Perspectives of Controversial Literature

Preemptive censorship occurs when educators avoid particular books because they dislike the ideas or values the books contain or fear the controversy the books may evoke. Although not as blatant as...
The Ontological Memes, Social Curriculum, and Performance of Black Masculinity

This article utilizes Foucault’s (1965/1988, 1970/1994, 1972) archaeology method to explore how Black masculinity emerged as an episteme constructed at the intersection of race and gender curricula. It examines how North American slavery altered discourses on humanity and culture to such a degree that it created a new condition of possibility through creolization, and how the creolization of West African and European memes and meme complexes created the current episteme of Black masculinity. The archaeology method posits that the subject of history is a product of discourse (Hendry, 2011, p. 37, p. 361), and this emphasis on excavating the various discourses that produced a subject is integral to fostering a deeper understanding of African American social curricula as a whole but especially in regard to masculinity. Black masculinity has been the subject of interracial and intraracial discourses that have shaped its conceptualizations from the very first purchases of slaves by Europeans in West Africa to the present day. These discourses have produced multiple social curricula on what it is to be a Black man and how one performs Black masculinity. I have chosen to examine masculinity as its own social construct because while certain forces of creolization created all of what we think of today as African American culture, African American masculinity and African American femininity can also be seen as distinct epistemes with their own distinct archaeologies. This article also utilizes memetics: Drawing on the work of Dawkins (1976/2016, 1982), Krippendorff (2012/2013) defines memes as, “A unitary idea, message, behavior, or style that spreads throughout a community of minds. Analogous to genes, which transmit biological information, memes transmit cultural information and are thought to affect the content and organization of human minds” (pp. 269- 270, 399-400). Memes are not solely unitary according to Dawkins (1976/2016); he writes “Perhaps we could regard an organized church, with its architecture, ritual, laws, music, art, and written traditions, as a co-adapted stable set of mutually assisting memes” (p. 217-218). Dawkins (1976/2016) asserts that individual memes combine with other related and complementary memes to form a “co-adaptable stable set of mutually assisting memes” or, more directly, “meme complexes” (p.217-218). Memes are analogous to social curricula in the sense that they are concepts that are transferred from person to person and affect how people act and think. This understanding of the meme and the meme complex is central to conceptualizing the historical creolization process that created what I am arguing to be a Black male episteme and for the continuing theorizing of how social curriculum manifests, in this case, at the intersection of race and gender.
Performance of ZF Linear Equalizers for Single Carrier Massive MIMO Uplink Systems

In this paper, we investigate the performance of the spatial-temporal zero-forcing linear equalizer architectures for a single-carrier Massive MIMO uplink system under frequency-selective fading environment. We establish relationships between the choosing equalizer length $D$ and the system performance in terms of system degrees of freedom and signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). We also present how system parameters (number of antennas $M$ and the transmit signal-to-noise ratio) impact the system performance differently for both single-cell systems and multi-cell systems with perfect and imperfect channel state information. Furthermore, we show that the probability density function (PDF) of the SINR can be accurately approximated as a Gamma distribution by using the moment matching method. Then, closed-form expressions of the ergodic rate and the outage probability are derived based on the PDF of the SINR.
Changes in temperature-moisture covariance could increase soil carbon loss

Soils store about 1.5x10^16 g of carbon (C), about as much as terrestrial vegetation and atmosphere combined 1. The complex interplay between factors that regulate C release from soil through respiration is not completely understood, but could potentially exert strong influence on global radiation balance and climate change2. Respiration exerts strong effect on the spatial heterogeneity of terrestrial C cycle 3 and its temporal variation remains more poorly understood compared to gross ecosystem production (GEP) 4. This variation can analytically be attributed to changes in environmental factors, but forecasting individual deviations remains a challenge 4. Here we propose that deviations of the typical covariance pattern of primary environmental drivers (temperature, T, and moisture, presented in this study as volumetric water content, VWC) may affect the deviations of respiratory C loss. Typically, T and VWC are inversely related, with warm periods being generally drier and vice versa, and therefore the stimulating effect of one factor is counterbalanced by unfavorable levels of the other 5. However, should the driving variables be positively related, respiratory carbon release can increase significantly (Supplementary Fig. 1a). This hypothesis is supported by two consecutive years of ecosystem-level and soil carbon exchange data that differed in rain fall periodicity and T-VWC-covariance. With changing climate patterns, including the intensity and frequency of rainfall events, there is the possibility that the covariance patterns of T and VWC may change, and more frequent periods of positive T-VWC covariance may lead to greater loss of soil carbon, and contribute to greater radiative forcing on Earth’s energy budget.
An error analysis for a certain class of iterative methods

We provide local convergence results in affine form for in-exact Newton-like as well as quasi-Newton iterative methods in a Banach space setting. We use hypotheses on the second or on the first andmth Frechet-derivative (m ≥ 2 an integer) of the operator involved. Our results allow a wider choice of starting points since our radius of convergence can be larger than the corresponding one given in earlier results using hypotheses on the first-Frechet-derivative only. A numerical example is provided to illustrate this fact. Our results apply when the method is, for example, a difference Newton-like or update-Newton method. Furthermore, our results have direct applications to the solution of autonomous differential equations.
MICROPROCESSOR MONITORS HEART RATE

ABSTRACT Modern medical instrumentation uses technology that resulted from space-age electronics. Integrated circuit (IC) components are fast replacing hard-wired electronic logic circuits. The IC chip called a microprocessor makes possible sophisticated instruments that can measure, compute, and display data for recurring physiological changes such as heart rate. These instruments can operate faster than changes occur, permitting calculations of pulse rate almost instantly. Because the rate is known quickly, corrective action can respond to the measurement. This paper describes a pulse rate monitor that uses a microprocessor to measure heart rate and compare it to a preset limit. It detects the rate from a measurement of the electrophysiological signal, and activates alarms as upper and lower limits are exceeded. The measured rate is displayed at all times, until alarm conditions are reached for the limits. Then the display shows the rate that caused an alarm, until an operator resets the instrument. Upper and lower limits also can be manually reset by an operator to suit the application.
Healthcare Costs of Secondhand Smoke Exposure at Home for U.S. Children.

Introduction The purpose of this study is to estimate healthcare utilization and healthcare costs due to secondhand smoke exposure at home for children in the U.S. Methods Using data from the 2000, 2005, and 2010 U.S. National Health Interview Surveys, the authors analyzed the association between secondhand smoke exposure at home and utilization of three types of healthcare services (hospital nights, emergency room visits, and doctor visits) for children aged 3–14 years (N=16,860). A zero-inflated Poisson regression model was used to control for sociodemographic characteristics and the number of months without health insurance. The authors determined excess healthcare utilization attributable to secondhand smoke exposure at home for children and then estimated annual secondhand smoke–attributable healthcare costs as the product of annual excess healthcare utilization and unit costs obtained from the 2014 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. This study was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Results The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home for children in 2000, 2005, and 2010 was 25.0%, 12.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. Secondhand smoke exposure at home was positively associated with emergency room visits, but was not significantly associated with nights at the hospital or doctor visits for children. Secondhand smoke exposure at home for children resulted in an excess of 347,156 emergency room visits in 2000, 124,412 visits in 2005, and 101,570 visits in 2010, which amounted to $215.1 million, $77.1 million, and $62.9 million in excess annual healthcare costs (2014 dollars) in 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively. Conclusions Although U.S. healthcare costs attributable to secondhand smoke exposure at home for children are declining, interventions to reduce secondhand smoke exposure at home for children are still needed to reduce the economic burden attributable to secondhand smoke exposure.
Narratives of risk communication: Nudging community residents to shelter-in-place

Abstract Community emergency response has received researcher’s attention within the academic and professional risk management and communication community. Such studies help residents to be as safe as sound science, professional emergency management (including risk migration), and public communication can accomplish. Once designed and implemented, emergency response campaigns are monitored to determine what strategies work best to inform, alert and motivate vulnerable populations to make wise preventive (precrisis) emergency responses. Framed as such, this study reports data from a quasi-longitudinal analysis of community emergency management communication in one of the USA communities most at risk for chemical release/exposure. It probes the protective action decision-making motivational efficacy of a spokes-character named Wally Wise Guy. Previous research has demonstrated that knowledge of Wally and its protective response (including shelter-in-place) messaging is a strong predictor of community members’ preferred protective action and willingness to engage in such action once alerted to do so. This current study uses narrative theory, augmented by nudge theory, to further examine why Wally’s advice is useful in community emergency response. In specific, it asks whether Wally, a turtle spokes-character, nudges citizens to know and comply with emergency management advisories to shelter-in-place as notified.
Global Exponential Attitude Tracking Controls on ${\mathsf {SO}}({\mathsf 3})$

This technical note presents four types of tracking control systems for the attitude dynamics of a rigid body. First, a smooth control system is constructed to follow a given desired attitude trajectory, while guaranteeing almost semi-global exponential stability. It is generalized to achieve global exponential stability by using a hybrid control scheme based on multiple configuration error functions. They are further extended to obtain robustness with respect to a fixed disturbance using an integral term. The resulting robust, global exponential stability for attitude tracking is the unique contribution of this technical note.
An Experimental Study of a Mediterranean-style Diet Supplemented with Nuts and Extra-virgin Olive Oil for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: The Healthy Hearts Program (P12-021-19)

The primary objective of this 12-week, randomized, controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a high-risk population in the southeastern United States. Adults (n = 30) with a BMI of > 24.9 and at least two additional CVD risk factors were randomized into one of two groups. The control group (n = 14) received nutrition education on the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA). The intervention group (n = 16) received education promoting patterns of a MD as well as dietary supplements of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and mixed nuts. The primary outcome measure was change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 6 and 12-weeks. Secondary outcome measures include changes in diastolic blood pressure; weight; BMI; fasted total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, TG, total cholesterol to HDLc ratio, blood glucose, and HOMA-IR. Nutrition knowledge and MD adherence were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12-weeks. The AHA group had decreases in HDLc, total cholesterol to HDLc ratio, and TG at baseline to 6-weeks, while the MD group had decreases in fat mass and BMR. The total population, experienced a decrease in weight, BMI, and TG from baseline to 6-weeks. At 12-weeks, decreases in weight, BMI, and % body fat were seen in the entire population compared to baseline. The MD group experienced trends towards significance in the differences in measures from baseline to 12-weeks in systolic blood pressure, TG, and total cholesterol to HDLc ratio. Group assignment played a significant role from baseline to 6-weeks in systolic blood pressure, HDLc, and LDLc levels. Nutrition knowledge influenced blood glucose and total cholesterol levels. MD adherence impacted total cholesterol and non-HDLc levels. Percent nut consumption had a significant impact on HDLc levels, % EVOO consumption significantly influenced LDLc values, and the nut/EVOO interaction was significant in both systolic pressure and HDLc levels. Increases in nutrition knowledge, MD adherence, and % nut and EVOO consumption were the most significant influences on measurement outcomes. Our results suggest that a MD can be implemented on a larger scale with potential positive impacts on CVD risk. Funding was provided by Mallon-Zallen Graduate Research Fellowship.
Impact of Respiratory Morbidities on Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Late Preterm Infants.

Objective This study aims to evaluate impact of respiratory and other neonatal comorbidities on neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm infants (LPT). Method Retrospective study of LPT infants (34 0/7–36 6/7 weeks' gestation) discharged from the New York University Langone Medical Center neonatal intensive care unit, during January 2006 to December 2010 and received follow-up care up to 2 years of age. Neonatal morbidities were correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes and assessed by performance on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning during three developmental follow-up visits. Results A total of 99 LPT completed neurodevelopmental assessment up to 2 years of age. Infants with diagnosis of moderate-to-severe respiratory distress syndrome showed a significantly lower performance in the visual reception on the second (p Conclusion LPT with significant respiratory morbidities are at higher risk for long-term developmental delays, mainly affecting cognitive developmental domains.
Courage to Write Out my LD shAMe

The poem, Courage to write out my LD shAMe, is two of five Learning Disability poems about my Learning Disability shame at my intersections of power and identity in educational contexts as critical autoethnographic texts. Courage to Write Out my LD ShAMe by David Isaac Hernandez-Saca is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://rdsjournal.org. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu/.
Assessing the potential of battery storage as a peaking capacity resource in the United States

Abstract In 2018, the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission established an order requiring all energy market operators in their jurisdiction to allow storage resources to participate as capacity resources. In response to the order, each market operator specified a minimum duration for storage resources to meet or exceed to qualify as peaking capacity. In this work, we assess the impacts of minimum storage duration requirements on energy storage buildout and system operation through 2050 in the United States electricity grid. We also investigate the role that future capital cost reductions play in energy storage deployment in the United States. We use a national-scale capacity expansion model and allow the model to choose from a suite of competing technologies, including battery storage devices of various durations as it builds out a least-cost system. We consider scenarios different minimum storage durations and storage cost projections. We find there is substantial economic potential – greater than 100 GW in some cases – for storage with durations of ten hours or less to provide peaking capacity in the United States. We also find that storage deployment is sensitive to minimum storage duration requirements. Longer requirements reduce the amount of storage deployed. Shorter requirements lead to more deployment, but if they are not adjusted to account for the declining capacity credit of storage, there is greater risk for instances of unserved energy. Our results indicate that the design and implementation of duration requirements can have substantial impacts on storage deployment and broader system reliability.
“I Like the Idea of It…But Probably Wouldn’t Use It” - Health Care Provider Perspectives on Heart Failure mHealth: Qualitative Study

Background: Many mobile health (mHealth) technologies exist for patients with heart failure (HF). However, HF mhealth lacks evidence of efficacy, caregiver involvement, and clinically useful real-time data. Objective: We aim to capture health care providers’ perceived value of HF mHealth, particularly for pairing patient–caregiver-generated data with clinical intervention to inform the design of future HF mHealth. Methods: This study is a subanalysis of a larger qualitative study based on interviewing patients with HF, their caregivers, and health care providers. This analysis included interviews with health care providers (N=20), focusing on their perceived usefulness of HF mHealth tools and interventions. Results: A total of 5 themes emerged: (1) bio-psychosocial-spiritual monitoring, (2) use of sensors, (3) interoperability, (4) data sharing, and (5) usefulness of patient-reported outcomes in practice. Providers remain interested in mHealth technologies for HF patients and their caregivers. However, providers report being unconvinced of the clinical usefulness of robust real-time patient-reported outcomes. Conclusions: The use of assessments, sensors, and real-time data collection could provide value in patient care. Future research must continually explore how to maximize the utility of mHealth for HF patients, their caregivers, and health care providers.
Expanded Function of the P-Type Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein ATP4 in RNA Editing.

Chloroplasts are semiautonomous organelles that retain their own genomes derived from their cyanobacterial ancestors, but with reduced size and gene number. However, chloroplast genes cannot function autonomously. Instead, nucleus-encoded factors are required for all steps of chloroplast gene
Abstract PS18-39: Estrogen receptor beta agonists for triple negative breast cancer

Background:Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents about 10-15% of all breast cancers. Given the lack of targeted therapies, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the only treatment options. The five-year survival rate of TNBC patients is approximately 15% less than other forms of breast cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel effective therapeutics for TNBC.Material and Methods:RNA isolated from human immortalized mammary epithelial MCF10A, and various TNBC cell lines was DNase treated and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) performed using gene-specific primers spanning exon-exon junctions that include introns in the corresponding genomic sequence to avoid genomic DNA amplification. Gene expression was calculated by ΔΔCt method using GAPDH as an internal control. Immuno-blot analyses were performed on lysates prepared from cells in log phase of growth. Proteins were detected by Enhanced Chemi-Luminescence (ECL) method. Viability of cells treated with ERβ specific agonists was determined by using CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 assay. MB231 cells were treated with ERβ agonists following transfection with pcDNA3 (vector) or Flag-tagged ESR2 plasmids. Western blot analyses using specific antibodies and qRT-PCR were performed with the protein extracts and RNA isolated from the cells, respectively. Results:Our experiments demonstrate that ESR2 (ERβ) is differentially expressed and its level of expression is about 3 to 22-fold higher in TNBC cell lines tested than MCF10A. We have shown that viability of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cell lines can be significantly inhibited by selective activation of ERβ. A highly selective ERβ agonist has been invented in the Drug Development Institute at the Ohio State University. Treatment of TNBC lines with these ERβ agonists exhibited a dramatic reduction of cell viability. While comparable IC50 values were observed with our in house and commercially available compounds, TNBC had 2-3-fold lesser IC50 values than ER-positive cell lines. Increased expression of FOXO3 and c-Myc1 and decreased expression of c-Myc2 isoform was noted in ERβ overexpressing MB231 cells upon treatment with ERβ agonists.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that treatment with highly selective ERβ agonists could be an effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients. To improve and develop novel therapeutics for TNBC understanding the mechanism of action of these compounds will be crucial. Citation Format: Jharna Datta, Natalie Willingham, Jasmine Manouchehri, Joel David, Mirisha Sheth, Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy, Ramesh Ganju, Mathew A Cherian. Estrogen receptor beta agonists for triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-39.
Visualizing the Spaces of Childhood in Graphic Memoirs

In this chapter, the author explores the process of remembering and representing childhood in autobiographical projects. How do authors call to mind childhood memories and represent them in ways that make them credible to readers? How are those memories documented? To address these questions, Maynes focuses not on conventional text autobiographies, but rather on graphic memoirs. This genre began to flourish only in the late twentieth century; the particular histories of childhood it can inform are those of a more recent era. However, the genre has also gone global, making possible broad cross-regional comparisons of childhood. Maynes examines a selection of six graphic memoirs by authors born in different regions (the U.S., South Africa, East and Southeast Asia) between 1945 and 1960. Her focus is on how the authors reconstruct and document childhood memories through images—attempts to convey what they saw through their own eyes as children—and in particular, how their ways of representing the spaces of childhood vary across their quite different global-historical locations.
New technologies in molecular genetics: the impact on epilepsy research

Technical advances in the last decade have finally enabled researchers to identify epilepsy-associated genetic variants by querying virtually the entire genome. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, this technical revolution began with the advent of array comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. These technologies made it possible for the first time to screen for common genetic variants and rare small deletions and duplications, referred to as microdeletions and microduplications. More recently, the repertoire of technologies has expanded to exome-wide and genome-wide sequencing approaches. These technologies led to a virtual explosion of gene identifications both in familial cases and in rare severe epilepsies, referred to as epileptic encephalopathies. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the achievements of these new technologies and the challenges that the field is currently facing.
Data mining techniques for large-scale gene expression analysis

Modern computational biology is awash in large-scale data mining problems. Several high-throughput technologies have been developed that enable us, with relative ease and little expense, to evaluate the coordinated expression levels of tens of thousands of genes, evaluate hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and sequence individual genomes. The data produced by these assays has provided the research and commercial communities with the opportunity to derive improved clinical prognostic indicators, as well as develop an understanding, at the molecular level, of the systemic underpinnings of a variety of diseases. Aside from the statistical methods used to evaluate these assays, another, more subtle challenge is emerging. Despite the explosive growth in the amount of data being generated and submitted to the various publicly available data repositories, very little attention has been paid to managing the phenotypic characterization of their samples (i.e., managing class labels in a controlled fashion). If sense is to be made of the underlying assay data, the samples' descriptive metadata must first be standardized in a machine-readable format. In this thesis, we explore these issues, specifically within the context of curating and analyzing a large DNA microarray database. We address three main challenges. First, we acquire a large subset of a publicly available microarray repository and develop a principled method for extracting phenotype information from free-text sample labels, then use that information to generate an index of the sample's medically-relevant annotation. The indexing method we develop, Concordia, incorporates pre-existing expert knowledge relating to the hierarchical relationships between medical terms, allowing queries of arbitrary specificity to be efficiently answered. Second, we describe a highly flexible approach to answering the question: "Given a previously unseen gene expression sample, how can we compute its similarity to all of the labeled samples in our database, and how can we utilize those similarity scores to predict the phenotype of the new sample?" Third, we describe a method for identifying phenotype-specific transcriptional profiles within the context of this database, and explore a method for measuring the relative strength of those signatures across the rest of the database, allowing us to identify molecular signatures that are shared across various tissues ad diseases. These shared fingerprints may form a quantitative basis for optimal therapy selection and drug repositioning for a variety of diseases. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Seismological evidence for three-dimensional melt migration beneath the East Pacific Rise

The extent to which crustal processes along mid-ocean ridges are controlled by either the pattern of mantle upwelling or the mode of magma injection into the crust is not known. Models of mantle upwelling vary from two-dimensional, passive flow1 to three-dimensional, diapiric flow2,3,4. Similarly, beneath a ridge segment bounded by tectonic offsets, crustal magma chambers may be replenished continuously along the ridge5,6,7 or at a central injection zone2,3,4 from which magma migrates towards the segment's ends. Here we present tomographic images that reveal the seismic structure and anisotropy of the uppermost mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise. The anisotropy is consistent with two-dimensional mantle flow diverging from the rise, whereas the anomalous isotropic structure requires a three-dimensional but continuous distribution of melt near the crust–mantle interface. Our results indicate that crustal magma chambers are replenished at closely spaced intervals along-axis and that crustal systems inherit characteristics of scale from melt transport processes originating in the mantle.
Formulating Design Problems as Optimization Problems

Proper formulation of a design problem as an optimization problem is an important step in the solution process. A procedure used to formulate optimization problems is described, discussed, and illustrated. The mathematical definition of an optimization problem has three basic elements: design variables, an objective function, and constraints. These terms have been defined and discussed in this chapter. Examples are used to illustrate the process of transcribing a design problem into an optimization problem. Then a general model that can represent many different types of design optimization problems is defined and discussed. Various concepts and terms associated with the solution of an optimization problem are explained. Many engineering design problems require numerical methods to simulate their response to the inputs. Formulation of such optimization problems involves implicit functions of the design variables. Such formulations are also presented and discussed. In addition, there are formulations that use the design variables, the analysis variables, and other intermediate variables simultaneously as unknowns of the optimization problem. These are known as alternative formulations and are also described. Practical optimization problems require numerical methods to solve them. Many good programs are available that incorporate modern computational algorithms to solve these problems once they have been formulated properly. Excel is one such program that is widely available. Its use is demonstrated by solving some of the example problems. Keywords: optimization; formulation; design variables; objective function; equality constraints; inequality constraints; feasible set
Phil Sheridan Gibson--A Fond Recollection

Phil S. Gibson, "the Chief," was named for General Philip Sheridan, the beloved "Little Phil" of the Union Army. The name was prophetic because the Chief not only served his country but also became beloved and a hero in his own way. The Chief came from Missouri, the state "that raises corn and cotton and cockleburs and Democrats, and frothy eloquence neither convince[d] nor satisfie[d]" him.' He lived up to all but one of these native attributes. There was nothing corny about him;2 he was never trite, trivial, or lacking in subtlety. He was soft on the inside like cotton, prickly on the outside like a cocklebur, a staunch but discerning Democrat, and the rest will be explained. Let others expatiate on his legal acumen, his magisterial opinions, and his genius for administration. I rest on what the late Dudley O. McGovney wrote of the Chiefs dissent in Laisne v. Calfornia State Board of Optometry:3 "That dissenting opinion ranks [with] the ablest opinions to be found in the reports of any court."4 Professor McGovney was not noted for lavishing fulsome praise. No words of mine can or should carry the weight of his, so I confine myself to some happy, grateful, indeed loving memories of a great, good, and generous
Differential neuronal expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND Manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a major defense mechanism against potential cellular damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have reported increased lipid peroxidation and decreased Cu/Zn SOD enzymatic activity in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer's diseased (AD) brains. MATERIAL/METHODS We now report the expression of MnSOD in the hippocampus of AD (n=8) and non-AD patients (n=7) via immunohistochemical methods, in both neuronal and non neuronal cells. We tested the hypothesis that there is differential expression of MnSOD in the CA1, CA2/3, and CA4 region of the hippocampus which may account for the neuronal loss seen in Alzheimer's disease. For neuronal cells, profile counts were made and expressed as positive neuronal profiles (MnSOD-IR) per mm(2) within hippocampal regions CA1, CA2/3, and CA4. RESULTS The AD MnSOD-IR counts were over 9-fold higher in the CA2/3 region (p<0.001) and over 11-fold higher in the CA4 (p<0.001) region when compared to non-AD samples. The CA1 region in the AD samples showed the smallest increase (3-fold; p<0.05) when compared to non-AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Since the CA1 region in AD is the most severely affected by the disease, our results suggest that normal compensatory mechanisms may be insufficient to protect this region from free radical oxidative damage.
Effects of Replacing Corn Grain and Urea With Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles on Performance and Carcass Value of Finishing Steers

Ninety-six yearling steers weighing 850 lbs were used in a study to evaluate condensed distillers solubles (CDS) for a dry mill corn processing plant as a replacement for a portion of the corn grain and supplemental nitrogen in a finishing ration supplemented with urea. Condensed distillers solubles were fed at 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% of ration dry matter in a 109-day experiment. Feeding CDS at these levels had no effect on performance of the cattle, carcass measurements or carcass value in a value-based grid. The calculated replacement value of CDS in this study was considerably less than observed in two previous experiments, likely due to experimental variation or possibly variability of CDS among processing plants. Based on the results of the three experiments, CDS has value as a feed for finishing cattle and its relative energy value is equal to or greater than corn grain. When justified based on cost of CDS compared with corn and protein supplement, CDS can be fed to finishing cattle without reducing performance or carcass value.
Bilinear Control Systems. Special Types

Several classes of bilinear control systems in i>n-space are identified. Convexity of reachable and attainable sets is treated, with reference to time-optimal regime synthesis.
Feminizing ovarian tumors and pregnancy.

Abstract The case histories of 37 women with feminizing ovarian tumors, 8 the-comas and 29 granulosa cell, were studied. Two were described by the writers and the other 35 were obtained from the recorded experience of others. The physiologic behavior of the neoplasms was considered in three groups in relation to their effect on pregnancy. In one, the tumor and pregnancy existed together, in another abortive tendencies antedated the diagnosis, and, in the third, the neoplasm apparently precluded conception through its hormonal activity. After its removal pregnancy occurred.