cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Approach to the Patient with a Possible Tick-Borne Illness

There are many challenges in the clinical recognition, management, and treatment of patients with tick-borne diseases. The first and most important step for clinicians is to simply consider the possibility of a tick-borne infection in patients who, through their place of residence, occupational or recreational activities, or travels, may have been exposed to ticks that are vectors of human disease. In such a setting, considering the possibility of a tick-transmitted disease is critical because the disease manifestations are often both nonspecific and multisystemic, there are seldom definitive clinical or laboratory diagnostic findings present at the time of presentation, and the consequences of failure to treat can be fatal. As a result, prompt presumptive therapy is often appropriate and may, in fact, be lifesaving. This chapter provides an overview of differential diagnosis and points to consider related to certain clinical and laboratory manifestations of disease as well as empiric treatment. In addition to known tick exposure or bites in areas of endemicity, clinical findings particularly suggestive of a possible tick-borne infection may include leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia and persistent fevers despite use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, as well as negative routine cultures and the presence of otherwise unexplained skin rashes or lesions (particularly if petechial, hemorrhagic, or eschar) or central nervous system abnormalities.
Utilities, heat and power systems

This chapter analyzes the interaction of heating and cooling utilities with power requirements and discusses the combined heat and power (CHP) systems that generate power while simultaneously providing hot utility and heat pumps. A heat engine is a device for converting heat into power. Nuclear reactions and burning coal, oil, natural gas, or other fossil fuels or combustible materials provide high-temperature heat. Three types of machines are used in the generation of industrial CHP. They include steam turbines, gas turbines, and reciprocating engines. Economic aspects as well as case studies are discussed. CHP economics depend strongly on the cost of heat, the cost of power, and the ratio between them—all of which have substantially fluctuated since the 1970s. Normally there is only a significant cost difference for CHP systems and refrigeration levels. Heat pumps are used either as a refrigeration system or as a heat recovery system. Closed-cycle heat pumps, mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), thermal vapor recompression (TVR), absorption refrigeration cycles, and heat transformers are the main types of heat pumps. Total site analysis provides information about the quantity of steam used at each steam level, cost of steam, and maximization of power generation from letdown to the various levels.
Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders

In 1943, Kanner published a report on 11 children who displayed such symptoms as extreme social withdrawal, idiosyncratic and delayed use of language, restriction of interests, and insistence on sameness which he believed constituted a specific syndrome to which he gave the name “autistic disturbances of affective contact.” Although Kanner was not the first researcher to describe severe distortions of developmental processes occurring in very young children (DeSanctis, 1906; Heller, 1930; Maudsley, 1867; Potter, 1933), his particularly clear and incisive clinical report has shaped the direction of clinical investigative activity for close to half a century.
From the womb to the web : Library assignments and the new generation

Summary Subject faculty members and students often have different expectations for selection of appropriate sources for assignments, and the Internet makes this problem that much more complex. Community, context, and content all play roles in the evaluation of information. Distinguishing search engines from databases and understanding jargon play a part in students' successful negotiation of evaluation, citation, and integration of information of all types. Campuses are receiving pressure to increase information literacy among students. Exacting description of assignments, definitions of terms, and collaboration between subject faculty and librarians are considered key to success of programs.
HER-2 pulsed dendritic cell vaccine can eliminate HER-2 expression and impact ductal carcinoma in situ.

BACKGROUND: HER-2/neu overexpression plays a critical role in breast cancer development, and its expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is associated with development of invasive breast cancer. A vaccine targeting HER-2/neu expression in DCIS may initiate immunity against invasive cancer. METHODS: A HER-2/neu dendritic cell vaccine was administered to 27 patients with HER-2/neu–overexpressing DCIS. The HER-2/neu vaccine was administered before surgical resection, and pre- and postvaccination analysis was conducted to assess clinical results. RESULTS: At surgery, 5 of 27 (18.5%) vaccinated subjects had no evidence of remaining disease, whereas among 22 subjects with residual DCIS, HER-2/neu expression was eradicated in 11 (50%). When comparing estrogen receptor (ER)neg with ERpos DCIS lesions, vaccination was more effective in hormone-independent DCIS. After vaccination, no residual DCIS was found in 40% of ERneg subjects compared with 5.9% in ERpos subjects. Sustained HER-2/neu expression was found in 10% of ERneg subjects compared with 47.1% in ERpos subjects (P = .04). Postvaccination phenotypes were significantly different between ERpos and ERneg subjects (P = .01), with 7 of 16 (43.8%) initially presenting with ERposHER-2/neupos luminal B phenotype finishing with the ERposHER-2/neuneg luminal A phenotype, and 3 of 6 (50%) with the ERnegHER-2/neupos phenotype changing to the ERnegHER-2/neuneg phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that vaccination against HER-2/neu is safe and well tolerated and induces decline and/or eradication of HER-2/neu expression. These findings warrant further exploration of HER-2/neu vaccination in estrogen-independent breast cancer and highlight the need to target additional tumor-associated antigens and pathways. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
R2 and Price Inefficiency

Motivated by the recent debate on return R2 as an information-efficiency measure, this paper proposes and examines a new hypothesis that R2 is related to investors' biases in processing information. We provide a model to show that R2 decreases with the degree of the marginal investor's overreaction to firm-specific information. This theoretical result motivates an empirical hypothesis that stocks with lower R2 should exhibit more pronounced overreaction-driven price momentum. Empirically, we confirm that such a negative relationship between R2 and price momentum exists, and find this relationship robust to controls for risk as well as several alternative mechanisms, such as slow information diffusion, information uncertainty, fundamental R2 and illiquidity. Furthermore, we also document stronger long-run price reversals for stocks with lower R2. Taken together, our results suggest that return R2 could be related to price inefficiency.
Viscoelastic flow past a wedge with a soluble coating

Abstract : The steady, two dimensional, incompressible flow of a viscoelastic fluid past a wedge of 90 degrees coated with the viscoelastic material is studied theoretically using constitutive equations proposed by Oldroyd in 1958. The effect of diffusion of the coating as well as its material properties (viscosity, relaxation time, retardation time, etc.) on the frictional force is investigated. A boundary layer analysis is performed on the constitutive equations as well as the momentum equations; consequently, the constitutive equations give the dimensionless shear stress. A similarity transformation is found for the set of boundary layer equations. Series expansions and the method of steepest descent are employed to obtain the solution in the asymptotic series of gamma functions. Results indicate (1) the thinner displacement thickness does not necessarily imply a larger frictional force for the viscoelastic flow; and (2) for a homogeneous viscoelastic flow, the frictional force increases as the degree of dilatancy of the material increases, and decreases with increasing degree of pseudoplasticity of the material. (Author)
Combined laser and vision-aided inertial navigation for an indoor unmanned aerial vehicle

As unmanned aerial vehicles are used in more environments, flexible navigation strategies are required to ensure safe and reliable operation. Operation in the presence of degraded or denied GPS signal is critical in many environments, particularly indoors, in urban canyons, and hostile areas. Two techniques, laser-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and monocular visual SLAM, in conjunction with inertial navigation, have attracted considerable attention in the research community. This paper presents an integrated navigation system combining both visual SLAM and laser SLAM with an EKF-based inertial navigation system. The monocular visual SLAM system has fully correlated vehicle and feature states. The laser SLAM system is based on a Monte Carlo scan-to-map matching, and leverages the visual data to reduce ambiguities in the pose matching. The system is validated in full 6 degree of freedom simulation, and in flight test. A key feature of the work is that the system is validated with a controller in the navigation loop.
Two new taxa from the Lesser Sundas in the genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Two new Indonesian taxa are proposed in Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, illustrating the composite faunal spectrum of the Lesser Sundas (Indonesia): O. montishannoniae, a new species from Flores, and O. accedens nusatenggaricus, a new subspecies from Lombok and Flores. O. accedens Lansberge, 1883 is, with O. dux Sharp, 1875, placed in what is here defined as the dux subgroup within the subgenus Parascatonomus Paulian, 1932. The three included species‐group taxa are keyed, their status is discussed, and new records are given. The position of O. montishannoniae seems taxonomically and geographically isolated: this species has no known close relatives in the region, neither in the Lesser Sundas, nor anywhere else in Wallacea.
Effect of the Wave Amplitude on the Dynamic Behavior of a Wave Journal Bearing

The effect of the wave amplitude on the dynamic behavior of a three-wave journal bearing is analyzed. A transient method was used to predict the wave bearing behavior after Fractional Whirl Frequency (FFW) occurs. Dynamic trajectories, Poincare maps, and FFT analyses are used to study the dynamic behavior of the journal bearing. It was found that the threshold of stability is strongly influenced by the wave amplitude. However, even when FFW occurs, the journal maintains its trajectory inside the bearing clearance. The predicted data were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results obtained at the NASA GRC.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell DNA 6-Thioguanine Metabolite Levels Correlate with Decreased Interferon-γ Production in Patients with Crohn's Disease on AZA Therapy

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its prodrug azathioprine (AZA) are well known for their lymphocytotoxic and bone marrow suppressive effects in the management of patients with leukemia. Although their immunosuppressive properties are mediated by the active AZA antimetabolite 6-thioguanine (6-TG), its mechanism of action is largely unknown. In IBD, a significant inverse correlation has been shown between erythrocyte 6-TG metabolite levels and disease activity, further supporting the proposed immunosuppressive role for 6-TG. Since leukocytes possess quantitatively different purine metabolic pathways compared to erythrocytes, this study aims to measure lymphocyte DNA 6-TG metabolites and correlate levels with the INF-gamma and IL-10 cytokine profile in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Forty-six adult patients with CD, either naive (17) or on long-term (>4-month) AZA therapy (29), had erythrocyte and lymphocyte DNA 6-TG levels measured by reverse-phase HPLC under UV detection (6-TG, 340 nm). Lymphocyte DNA 6-TG was expressed as picomoles per milligram of DNA. Lymphocyte DNA 6-TG metabolite levels were correlated with INF-gamma and IL-10 cytokine profiles using the OptEIA kit (Pharmigen). Lymphocyte DNA 6-TG metabolite levels correlate with erythrocyte 6-TG levels (P < 0.03) but not total patient leukocyte levels. Erythrocyte 6-TG metabolite levels correlated (P < 0.01) inversely with INF-gamma but not IL-10 cytokine levels. This study suggests a preferential dampening of the TH1 response on exposure to 6-TG and a possible immunosuppressive mechanism of action for AZA. Future studies are needed to determine if cytokine profiles can be used to predict recalcitrant CD to AZA therapy.
Editorial Commentary - Gordon Tullock: The man and his scholarship

Many readers of Public Choice will know that I am editing, with introductions, a ten volume Series of The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock (Tullock 2004-2006). Liberty Fund, Inc. is publishing these volumes both in hardcover and paperback. Details are available at www.libertyfund.org. Readers who follow Tullock through this ten volume Series, in his fiftyyear Odyssey across the often turbulent waters of political economy, will become fully acquainted with his originality, with the breadth and with the depth of his contributions. Let me focus instead on the nature of the man and on the impulses that have directed his lifetime's work.
Effect of hypophysectomy on blood regeneration in the adult female rat.

SummaryIntact normal rats and sham operated rats recovered completely from hemorrhagic anemia within 10 days. Hypo-physectomized rats bled at various intervals after the operation exhibited partial regeneration of blood elements on the 10th day after bleeding. Maximal recovery was reached at that time with no further regeneration occurring subsequently. This maximum is identical with the plateau level which the hypophy-sectomized-unbled rat attains approximately 40 days after hypophysectomy. It is likely that the incomplete regeneration is due to the altered metabolism following hypophysectomy.
Comparing one-step M-estimators of location when there are more than two groups

Methods for comparing means are known to be highly nonrobust in terms of Type II errors. The problem is that slight shifts from normal distributions toward heavy-tailed distributions inflate the standard error of the sample mean. In contrast, the standard error of various robust measures of location, such as the one-step M-estimator, are relatively unaffected by heavy tails. Wilcox recently examined a method of comparing the one-step M-estimators of location corresponding to two independent groups which provided good control over the probability of a Type I error even for unequal sample sizes, unequal variances, and different shaped distributions. There is a fairly obvious extension of this procedure to pairwise comparisons of more than two independent groups, but simulations reported here indicate that it is unsatisfactory. A slight modification of the procedure is found to give much better results, although some caution must be taken when there are unequal sample sizes and light-tailed distributions. An omnibus test is examined as well.
Developmental and behavioral issues in childhood injury prevention

Injuries are the most important cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability during childhood and adolescence. Injuries with the greatest impact on the behavioral and emotional development of the child are head injuries and severe burns, both of which can markedly impact on subsequent development. Important risk factors for injury are gender, age, socioeconomic status, developmental status, behavior problems, substance abuse by parent and adolescent, and parents' perceptions of injury risk. These factors interact to increase or decrease the risk of injury in any given child and are much more meaningful than the futile search for the "accident-prone" individual. These factors must be taken into consideration when planning intervention strategies to ensure optimal effectiveness of intervention.
Interpolation of n Pairs and Counterexamples Employing Indices

The purpose of this paper is to make two modest contributions to the theory of interpolation of operators on function spaces. The first deals with the modification of interpolation theorems to handle interpolation of n pairs. This work was partially begun in [S, 91 where strong type interpolation theorems were obtained using techniques easily altered to fit the n pair situation. Section 2 presents a weak type theory of interpolation of tz pairs of spaces using the Calderdn operator S’, . In order to show that S, is a “maximal” weak type operator, the proof in [6] for n = 2 is simplified and extended. Section 3 deals with counterexamples to interpolation theorems which make use of indices derived from the fundamental functions of the spaces in the interpolation scheme. We show that interpolation theorems of Semenov [5] and Zippin [II] are incorrect by using a space furnished by Shimogaki [lo]. Under a suitable hypothesis a weak type theorem involving the fundamental indices does hold, but follows from a well-known result of Boyd [I] without employing the main ideas set forth in [5] and [3].
Wide Awake at 4 AM: A Study of Late Night User Behavior, Perceptions and Performance at an Academic Library

Abstract The expectation for extended library hours including 24 h access presents many questions about late night library users and the value of this service to the library and their corresponding institutions. Using data gathered about patrons who use the library after 11 pm and before 7 am, a study was conducted to discover who the library users were, what services and facilities they made use of, and what, if any, concerns they have regarding the late night library. The usage patterns provide evidence that that while more usage occurs during traditional hours, users who prefer late night do so consistently. The researchers found the late night library was serving patrons who were cross sections of university community with higher than average grade point averages and retention rates when compared to university averages. These figures can have a significant effect on institutional recruitment and retention presenting the library as an indispensable resource to the community.
The azanes: A class of material incorporating nano/micro self-assembled hollow spheres obtained by aqueous oxidative polymerization of aniline

Abstract The nature of the product of the “conventional” aqueous oxidative polymerization of aniline by ammonium peroxydisulfate and HCl is extremely sensitive to the pH of the polymerization system. This is observed when the concentrations of reagents are sufficiently dilute (at a pH of 3–4) to isolate the first-formed product of the reaction which we believe is a member of the class of azanes, polymeric or oligomeric species containing a N N backbone in which each N atom is forming three covalent single bonds. The brown solid isolated has been characterized by its elemental analysis, UV–vis, FTIR, and 1 H NMR spectra. We believe, in the simplest case, it may be an organic-substituted hexa-azane. It is completely different in every way from any known form of “polyaniline”, in any oxidation state, of any degree of protonation. It is isolated as hollow microspheres (diameter, ∼1.5–6 μm), which have an essentially identical SEM appearance to hollow microspheres previously ascribed to conventional polyaniline. As the pH of the reactant system falls during the polymerization, polyaniline in its conventional forms begins to be formed; however, especially if the pH is held constant by a buffer solution, the pure azane can be isolated. We believe the azanes open up a new field of self-assembled nano/micro particles of very considerable potential applicability to the emerging field of nanoscience.
Pharmacologic Issues in Geriatric Emergency Medicine

The geriatric emergency care model emphasizes older emergency patients be considered a special population, analogous to pediatric patients [1]. This concept is especially relevant to pharmacologic issues in the elderly. The need for practitioners to create a balance between using medications with adverse effects while providing access to therapies that may have a beneficial effect on morbidity, mortality, function, and quality of life is challenging. Variables affecting this challenge in the elderly population include comorbidities, limited evidence for efficacy, increased risk of adverse drug reactions, polypharmacy, and altered pharmokinetics. Elderly patients become involved in a vicious cycle described by Rochan as the ‘‘prescribing cascade’’ [2,3]. This cascade begins when an adverse drug reaction is misinterpreted as a new medical condition. A drug is prescribed to treat this new ‘‘medical condition’’ and another adverse drug effect occurs. Again, this is interpreted as a new condition and the patient is again subjected to unnecessary treatment and additional adverse effects of the drug. Because elderly patients have multiple medical problems they are prescribed multiple medications that lead to increased risk of adverse effects. Many of these adverse effects go unrecognized as such and lead to new drugs being added. This perpetuates the continued cycle of adverse effects. This article describes the scope of the problem of drug prescribing in the elderly. It looks at the concept of adverse drug reactions and events, principles underlying clinical geriatric pharmacology, and reviews drugs that commonly cause adverse drug reactions. It includes recommendations about drugs to be avoided and substitutes and approaches to evaluate the evidence for risk and benefits when selecting drugs for an elderly person.
III.—The natural history of the mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis (Dana)

(1930). III.—The natural history of the mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis (Dana) Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 6, No. 31, pp. 36-44.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF I1PP2A, A NOVEL POTENT HEAT-STABLE INHIBITOR PROTEIN OF PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A

The amino acid sequences of two tryptic peptides derived from purified preparations of I1PP2A indicated that this potent heat-stable protein inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) may be equivalent to putative histocompatibility leukocyte antigens class II-associated protein I (PHAP-I). Experiments using purified preparations of recombinant human PHAP-I confirmed that this protein inhibited PP2A. Half-maximal inhibition of the phosphatase occurred at about 4 nM PHAP-I, similar to the half-maximal inhibition obtained with purified preparations of bovine kidney I1PP2A. In addition, PHAP-I did not affect the activities of protein phosphatase 1, 2B, and 2C in a manner analogous to that of I1PP2A. Together, the results establish the identity of I1PP2A on a firm basis.
Effects of protein on crosslinking of normal maize, waxy maize, and potato starches

Channels of maize starch granules are lined with proteins and phospholipids. Therefore, when they are treated with reagents that react at or near the surfaces of channels, three types of crosslinks could be produced: protein-protein, protein-starch, starch-starch. To determine which of these may be occurring and the effect(s) of channel proteins (and their removal) on crosslinking, normal and waxy maize starches were treated with a proteinase (thermolysin, which is known to remove protein from channels) before and after crosslinking, and the properties of the products were compared to those of a control (crosslinking without proteinase treatment). After establishing that treatment of starch with thermolysin alone had no effect on the RVA trace, three reaction sequences were used: crosslinking alone (CL), proteinase treatment before crosslinking (Enz-CL), proteinase treatment after crosslinking (CL-Enz). Two crosslinking reagents were used: phosphoryl chloride (POCl3), which is known to react at or near channel surfaces; STMP, which is believed to react throughout the granule matrix. Three concentrations of POCl3 (based on the weight of starch) were used. For both normal maize starch (NMS) and waxy maize starch (WMS) reacted with POCl3, the trends were generally the same, with apparent relative degrees of crosslinking indicated to be CL-Enz=CL>Enz-CL, but the effects were greater with NMS and there were differences when different concentrations of reagent were used. The basic trends were the same when potato starch was used in the same experiments. Crosslinking with STMP was done both in the presence and the absence of sodium sulfate (SS). Both with and without SS and with both NMS and WMS, the order of indicated crosslinking was generally the same as found after reaction with POCl3, with the indicated swelling inhibition being greater when SS was present in the reaction mixture. Examination of the maize starches with a protein stain indicated that channel protein was removed by treatment with thermolysin when the proteinase treatment occurred before crosslinking with either POCl3 or STMP, but only incompletely or not at all if the treatment with the proteinase occurred after crosslinking. Because the crosslinking reactions were less effective when the protein was removed, the results are tentatively interpreted as indicating that they involved protein molecules, although there may not be a direct relationship.
SUPPRESSION AND RECOVERY OF THE NEONATAL HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS AFTER PROLONGED DEXAMETHASONE (DEX) THERAPY. † 1237

Prolonged steroid therapy for early chronic lung disease in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is associated with HPA axis suppression. The duration and specific location of this suppression is not yet known. We evaluated the HPA axis in ten VLBW infants before and 48 hrs after a prolonged (14-42 day) DEX course. Seven of these infants underwent serial testing in the Clinical Research Center to evaluate recovery of the HPA axis. Adrenal function was evaluated by cortisol response to synthetic adrenocorticotropin(ACTH). Combined HPA axis function was tested using 3 hour metyrapone stimulation. Data was analyzed using paired t-tests.
Functional analysis of E. coli threonine dehydrogenase by means of mutant isolation and characterization

The oxidation of L-threonine to 2-amino-ketobutyrate, as catalyzed by L-threonine dehydrogenase, is the first step in the major pathway for threonine catabolism in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Threonine dehydrogenase of E. coli has considerable amino-acid sequence homology with a number of Zn(2+)-containing, medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases. In order to further explore structure/function interrelationships of E. coli threonine dehydrogenase, 35 alleles of tdh that imparted a no-growth or slow-growth phenotype on appropriate indicator media were isolated after mutagenesis with hydroxylamine. Within this collection, 14 mutants had single amino-acid changes that were divided into 4 groups: (a) amino-acid changes associated with proposed ligands to Zn2+; (b) a substitution of one of several conserved glycine residues; (c) mutations at the substrate or coenzyme binding site; (d) alterations that resulted in a change of charge near the active site. These findings uncover previously unidentified amino-acid residues that are important for threonine dehydrogenase catalysis and also indicate that the three-dimensional structure of tetrameric E. coli threonine dehydrogenase has considerable similarity with the dimeric horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
Novel polyisobutylene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) bicomponent networks. I. Synthesis and characterization

The synthesis of novel polyisobutylene (PIB)/poly( dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) bicomponent networks is described. The synthesis strategy (see Figure 1) was to prepare well-defined and -characterized allyl-tritelechelic polyisobutylenes [o(PIB-C-C=C) 3 ] and SiH-ditelechelic poly(dimethylsiloxanes) (HSi-PDMS-SiH) and then crosslink these moieties by hydrosilation. The o(PIB-C-C=C) 3 was prepared by living isobutylene polymerization followed by end-quenching with allyltrimethylsilane, whereas the HSi-PDMS-SiH was obtained by equilibrium polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane. The detailed structures of the starting polymers were characterized by GPC and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. A series of PIB/PDMS bicomponent networks of varying compositions and average molecular weights between crosslinks(M c ) of ∼ 20,000 g/mol were assembled. Optimum crosslinking conditions were defined in terms of H 2 PtCl 6 catalyst concentration, nature of solvent, time, temperature, and stoichiometry of ∼ CH 2 CH=CH 2 /∼SiH groups, allowing for the convenient synthesis of well-defined model bicomponent networks. Swelling studies and elemental analysis confirm the correctness of the synthetic strategy.
The two loop superstring vacuum amplitude and canonical divisors

Abstract I use the prescription of placing the picture changing operators at the zeroes of some holomorphic one-formand calculate the two loop superstring vacuum amplitude in the language of theta functions. It vanishes pointwise on moduli space after the use of Fay's trisecant identity and generalised Riemann identities. I briefly discuss the higher genus case.
Patientin mit subakuter Thyreoiditis de Quervain

Zusammenfassung Eine Patientin mit der Diagnose „Subakute Thyreoiditis de Quervain” wahlte als Therapieoption die Akupunktur. In der Literatur gibt es kaum Hinweise auf diese Erkrankung. Das Expertenforum soll zeigen, welche Moglichkeiten die TCM fur diese Patientin bieten konnte und dass in diesem Fall die Akupunktur zu einer raschen Heilung beitrug.
Metastases to and from the upper aerodigestive tract in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, 1935-1984

The present investigation is the first population-based study to provide incidence and clinicopathologic data for metastases to and from the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT). In a patient cohort with relatively minimal referral bias it was determined that cervical and distant metastases occurred in 21% and 2%, respectively, of UAT carcinomas by the time of diagnosis; incidence rates per 100,000 person-years for cervical and distant metastases from UAT carcinomas were 2.8 and 0.3, respectively; occult primary lesions represented 3.8% of all UAT carcinomas; 3.6% of all invasive UAT carcinomas were actually metastatic from another body site; and the clinicopathologic literature has overestimated the prevalence of metastases at diagnosis relative to UAT carcinomas.
Dialkyldithiocarbamates inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase activity in PC12 cells and in fibroblasts that express tyrosine hydroxylase

Dithiocarbamates and CS2 have been associated with neurobehavioural changes suggestive of central dopaminergic dysfunction. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDC), dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC), and methyldithiocarbamate (MDC) were examined for their ability to inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in PC12 cells and transfected CHO fibroblasts that expressed TH (CHO/TH) activity when tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) was added to medium. DEDC or DMDC did not significantly alter viability of PC12 cells or CHO/TH cells at < or = 100 microM for 18 h; the EC50 for each compound was approximately 5 mM in both cell lines. In contrast, the EC50 for MDC was 41 or 74 microM in PC12 or CHO/TH cultures, respectively. There was no change in immunodetectable levels of TH in PC12 or CHO/TH cells following exposure to subcytotoxic concentrations of dithiocarbamates. DEDC and DMDC (5 to 100 microM) produced concentration-dependent reductions in PC12 cell dopamine and dopac levels as well as in dopa levels in CHO/TH cultures. Reduction of PC12 catechols was not due to altered vesicular storage. In vitro PC12 TH activity was 80.2 +/- 3.4% or 82.4 +/- 2.9% of control following exposure to 100 microM DEDC or DMDC, respectively, and was not fully restored by incubation with Fe2+. These results show that DEDC and DMDC, but not MDC, are low potency cytotoxins that decrease TH activity in cultured cells through mechanisms other than inhibition of BH4 biosynthesis or iron chelation.
Changes in technology use and adult attachment orientation from 2002 to 2012

We have lived in an age of ever-increasing connection this past decade. Although technology and online social networking may not have increased psychological closeness, as some researchers suggest, it may have increased the perceived availability of other people in our social networks. The current study measures changes in comfort with closeness (attachment avoidance) and perceived availability of others (attachment anxiety) in a large Internet sample (N=123,554) from 2002 to 2012. Attachment anxiety decreased from 2002 to 2012 and attachment avoidance exhibited no changes over the same time period. Further, these decreases were primarily driven by younger adults, presumably due to their heavy technology use. Attachment anxiety was negatively associated with mobile phone subscription rates and the number of Facebook users over this time period. Results from the current study suggest that the perceived availability of others has been increasing over time-perhaps because technology has increased the accessibility of close others.
Determinants of serum DDT and DDE concentrations.

1) Measurements of serum DDT concentration are capable of relfecting changes in oral DDT intake accurately and promptly. 2) Serum DDE level is only slightly increased by a 300–600 fold increase in DDT intake over a period of 5 months. It is therefore an essentially worthless measure of recent change in oral DDT intake. Stable individual differences in serum DDE levels, seemingly much wider than differences in dietary patterns (i.e. DDE intake), suggest the importance of individual metabolic factors in determining this level. 3) A high degree of correlation between serum DDT and DDE in day to day samples extracted once by hexane, probably reflects changes in extractability influencing the two measurements similarly.
Optical properties of reactively sputtered indium nitride thin films

Abstract The optical properties of reactively sputtered InN thin films are reported for the wavelength range of 400–850 nm. Analysis of the absorption coefficient shows the band gap to be 1.92 eV. RBS data shows an In/N ratio of approximately 1 with a 24% atomic concentration of oxygen. The films are also found to be electrically conductive with a conductivity of approximately 4.3 × 103 Ω cm −1 .
Interaction of caveolin-1 with Ku70 inhibits Bax-mediated apoptosis.

Caveolin-1, the structural protein component of caveolae, acts as a scaffolding protein that functionally regulates signaling molecules. We show that knockdown of caveolin-1 protein expression enhances chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis and inhibits long-term survival of colon cancer cells. In vitro studies demonstrate that caveolin-1 is a novel Ku70-binding protein, as shown by the binding of the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 (amino acids 82–101) to the caveolin-binding domain (CBD) of Ku70 (amino acids 471–478). Cell culture data show that caveolin-1 binds Ku70 after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistically, we found that binding of caveolin-1 to Ku70 inhibits the chemotherapeutic drug-induced release of Bax from Ku70, activation of Bax, translocation of Bax to mitochondria and apoptosis. Potentiation of apoptosis by knockdown of caveolin-1 protein expression is greatly reduced in the absence of Bax expression. Finally, we found that overexpression of wild type Ku70, but not a mutant form of Ku70 that cannot bind to caveolin-1 (Ku70 Φ→A), limits the chemotherapeutic drug-induced Ku70/Bax dissociation and apoptosis. Thus, caveolin-1 acts as an anti-apoptotic protein in colon cancer cells by binding to Ku70 and inhibiting Bax-dependent cell death.
The Long Day Leaf As A Source of Cold Hardiness Inhibitors

Short photoperiods followed by low temperatures induced cold hardiness in Acer negundo, Viburnum plicatum tomentosum, and Weigela florida. Hardiness was also obtained under long days and natural fall temperatures if the leaves were removed, either manually or by low temperature. Similarly, removal of leaves from plants exposed to long days at 5 degrees brought about an accelerated rate of hardening. These observations suggested the presence of a hardiness inhibitor in the leaves which was counteracted by short days or removal of the leaves.
Atomic Structure of Clusters through Chemical Reactions

Techniques for probing the structure of isolated metal clusters through adsorbate binding patterns will be described. The saturation of clusters with reagents such as ammonia and nitrogen provides information on the number of preferred binding sites for these reagents. The dependence of this number on cluster size can suggest particular structural themes. The equilibrium reaction with water can be used to identify cluster sizes having especially enhanced binding for the water molecule. Again, the sequence of cluster sizes showing such enhancement can point to specific cluster structure. The reaction with oxygen can identify cluster sizes having particularly high ionization potentials, and these can be compared to simple models for the electronic structure of metal clusters. Representative applications of these probes to iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper clusters will be discussed.
The Crisis in Scholarly Communication, Part I: Understanding the Issues and Engaging Your Faculty

Given the rising costs of journal subscriptions and the difficulty that authors have in retaining rights to their own works, reform in the scholarly publishing industry is needed. This article, the first in a two-part series, presents an overview of the crisis in scholarly communication and discusses the groundwork that must be laid in order to develop successful programs to address the crisis on college and university campuses. As the de facto centers of scholarship and research on campus, libraries must educate faculty and advocate for more sustainable publishing models. Programs developed by the Boston Library Consortium and its member institutions are discussed.
Inferring protein-protein interaction networks from protein complex data

Present day approaches for the determination of protein-protein interaction networks are usually based on two hybrid experimental measurements. Here we consider a computational method that uses another type of experimental data: instead of direct information about protein-protein interactions, we consider data in the form of protein complexes. We propose a method for using these complexes to provide predictions of protein-protein interactions. When applied to a dataset obtained from a cat melanoma cell line we find that we are able to predict when a protein pair belongs to a complex with ∼96% accuracy. Further, we are able to extrapolate the experimentally identified interaction pairs to the entire cat proteome.
Inhaled versus systemic antibiotics and airway inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas.

Rationale Inhaled tobramycin has been shown to transiently clear Pseudomonas from lower airways in early cystic fibrosis (CF), but does not markedly reduce lung inflammation, a key factor in disease progression. Objective Test the hypothesis that systemic antibiotics are more effective than inhaled antibiotics for reducing lower airways inflammation. Methods Clinically stable CF children with recent Pseudomonas were randomized to receive 4 weeks of inhaled tobramycin or 2 weeks of systemic antibiotics (intravenous ceftazidime and tobramycin). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained just before and 4–6 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was change in % neutrophils in lavage fluid. Results Fifteen subjects (inhaled = 6, systemic = 9) completed the protocol. Three Systemic Group subjects could not have central venous access established and were treated with oral ciprofloxacin (plus inhaled tobramycin) for 2 weeks as an alternative “systemic” regimen, per protocol. Groups were well matched in age, markers of disease severity, and initial % neutrophils. The Systemic Group showed a modest median change in percent neutrophils (−7%) which was not statistically significant compared to inhaled (+5.4%, P = 0.07). However, the Systemic Group had significantly greater reductions in total cells (−50% vs. −3%, P < 0.01) and neutrophils (−74% vs. −10%, P = 0.02) per ml lavage fluid. Both groups had reduced bacterial quantity after treatment, but there was no significant difference between groups. Conclusions In clinically stable children with CF, systemic antibiotics result in greater short-term reduction in lower airways inflammation than inhaled antibiotics. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:281–290. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mapping the Aztec capital: The 1524 Nuremberg map of Tenochtitlan, its sources and meanings

Abstract The map of Tenochtitlan published along with a Latin version of Hernan Cortes's letters (Nuremberg, 1524) was the first picture Europeans had of the Culhua‐Mexica city, the capital of the Aztec empire. The source of this woodcut map is unknown, and the author argues here that it was based on an indigenous map of the city. Once published in Europe, the city map and its companion map of the Gulf Coast, while certainly documentary, also assumed a symbolic function in supporting Cortes's (and thereby Spain's) just conquest of the Amerindian empire.
Ion beam-irradiation induced structure transformation in α-AlMnSi

Abstract Structure changes of an α-AlMnSi phase, irradiated with 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions at room temperature, have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At an irradiation dose of 3.4 × 1013 ions/cm2, the primitive cubic α-AlMnSi phase transformed to a bcc phase. But the unit cell parameter (a = 1.268 nm) remained the same. With an increase of irradiation dose, the bcc phase became amorphous at 3.4 × 1014 ions/cm2. The bcc phase structure consists of two MacKay icosahedral atomic clusters in each unit cell. A pseudo ten-fold rotational axis has also been obtained via electron diffraction in the specimens irradiated to 5.1 × 1013 ions/cm2. This quasicrystal-like structure was found for the first time during the radiation-induced crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation. Annealing of the fully amorphized specimens was performed with in situ TEM. The α-AlMnSi phase started to form at 350°C and was fully crystallized at 500°C. The bcc phase and quasicrystal-like structures were not observed during the crystallization processes.
Quantifying secondary pest outbreaks in cotton and their monetary cost with causal‐inference statistics

Secondary pest outbreaks occur when the use of a pesticide to reduce densities of an unwanted target pest species triggers subsequent outbreaks of other pest species. Although secondary pest outbreaks are thought to be familiar in agriculture, their rigorous documentation is made difficult by the challenges of performing randomized experiments at suitable scales. Here, we quantify the frequency and monetary cost of secondary pest outbreaks elicited by early-season applications of broad-spectrum insecticides to control the plant bug Lygus spp. (primarily L. hesperus) in cotton grown in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. We do so by analyzing pest-control management practices for 969 cotton fields spanning nine years and 11 private ranches. Our analysis uses statistical methods to draw formal causal inferences from nonexperimental data that have become popular in public health and economics, but that are not yet widely known in ecology or agriculture. We find that, in fields that received an early-season broad-spectrum insecticide treatment for Lygus, 20.2% +/- 4.4% (mean +/- SE) of late-season pesticide costs were attributable to secondary pest outbreaks elicited by the early-season insecticide application for Lygus. In 2010 U.S. dollars, this equates to an additional $6.00 +/- $1.30 (mean +/- SE) per acre in management costs. To the extent that secondary pest outbreaks may be driven by eliminating pests' natural enemies, these figures place a lower bound on the monetary value of ecosystem services provided by native communities of arthropod predators and parasitoids in this agricultural system.
CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. VII. AN IRIGINITE-TYPE SHEET OF POLYHEDRA IN THE STRUCTURE OF [(UO2)Mo2O7(H2O)2]

Nous avons synthetise un nouveau molybdate hydrate d'uranyle, [(UO 2 )Mo 2 O 7 (H 2 O) 2 ], par voie hydrothermale. Les cristaux sont longs, jaune fonce, et macles sur (100). Nous en avons resolu la structure par methodes directes et nous l'avons affinee en utilisant les facteurs F2 de toutes les reflexions uniques prelevees avec rayonnement monochromatise MoKa et un detecteur a couplage de charges CCD. Il s'agit d'un compose monoclinique, groupe spatial C2/c, a 35.071(6), b 6.717(1), c 11.513(2) A, β 90.069(6)°, V 2712.0(8) A 3 , Z = 12, Rl = 0.055, S = 0.91. Les deux cations U 6 + symetriquement distincts font partie d'ions uranyle, (UO 2 ) 2 + , qui sont coordonnes par cinq atomes d'oxygene agences aux coins equatoriaux de bipyramides pentagonales. Les trois cations Mo 6 + symetriquement independents sont coordonnes a cinq atomes d'oxygene et un groupe H 2 O dans des agencements octaedriques difformes. Les bipyramides pentagonales (UO 2 )O 5 et les octaedres MoO 5 (H 2 O) sont lies par partage de coins et d'aretes, pour donner des feuillets [(UO 2 )Mo 2 O 7 (H 2 O) 2 ] 0 electrostatiquement neutres et fondes sur la topologie de l'anion dans l'iriginite. Contrairement au cas de l'iriginite, [(UO 2 )Mo 2 O 7 (H 2 O) 2 ](H 2 O), la structure ne contient pas de groupes H 2 O entre les feuillets. Ceux-ci sont lies l'un a l'autre par liaisons hydrogene impliquant des groupes H 2 O faisant partie des octaedres MoO 5 (H 2 O). Le compose [(UO 2 )Mo 2 O 7 (H 2 O) 2 ], hydrate "inferieur" de l'iriginite, est stable a des conditions basiques, tandis que les conditions plus fortement acides favorisent generalement l'iriginite.
The possible prognostic usefulness of assessing serum proteins and cholesterol in malignancy

Serial measurement of serum proteins, albumin, and cholesterol levels was used in attempt to assess the course and prognosis in cancer patients. This assessment is based on the fact that their declines followed first order kinetics and that these patients usually died when their levels were lower than half the initial levels. Two categories of cancer patients were identified: those in whom the initial measurements of serum albumin or cholersterol, taken soon after diagnosis, were declining (Group I), and those who showed such a decline as they entered an advanced or terminal phase (Group II). Group I included cancer of the stomach, kidney, lung (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), oral cavity, large intestine, breast (40%), bladder, ovary (70%), pancreas, and prostate; leukemia (acute myeloid and lymphocytic); and Hodgkin's disease (60%), all of which accounted for approximately 90% of the major causes of cancer deaths. Group II included Hodgkin's disease (40%), and cancer of the ovary (30%) and breast (60%), all of which accounted for 10% of the major causes of cancer deaths.