cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects of low hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass in the adult: should current practice be changed?

Abstract Background Hemodilutional anemia during cardiopulmonary bypass can lead to inadequate oxygen delivery and, consequently, to ischemic organ injury. In adult bypass, the nadir hematocrit can vary widely with body size and prebypass hematocrit variations, yet its effects on perioperative organ dysfunction and patient outcomes remain largely unknown. Methods To elucidate these effects, we retrospectively analyzed operative results and resource utilization data from 5000 consecutive cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass performed on adults (1994 to 2000). Rolling decile groups (500 patients each; 75% overlapping) of increasing lowest hematocrit values were used to characterize hemodilution-outcome relationships. Intermediate-term (0 to 6 years) survival was assessed for coronary artery bypass patients (n = 3800) via Kaplan-Meier analysis in quintile subgroups based on lowest hematocrit. Multivariate logistic regression (operative mortality and morbidity) and Cox proportional hazard model (0- to 6-year mortality) analyses were used to determine independent predictors of poor outcomes. Results Stroke, myocardial infarction, low cardiac output, cardiac arrest, renal failure, prolonged ventilation, pulmonary edema, reoperation due to bleeding, sepsis, and multiorgan failure were all significantly and systematically increased as lowest hematocrit value decreased below 22%. Consequently, intensive care requirements, hospital stays, operative costs, and operative deaths were also significantly greater as a function of hemodilution severity. Longer-term survival was improved systematically for increasing lowest hematocrit coronary artery bypass grafting quintiles; for example, 6-year survival was 80.5% and 92.3% for quintiles I (lowest hematocrit=16.1%) and V (lowest hematocrit=27.5%). The continuous variable lowest hematocrit was an independent predictor of (1) operative mortality, (2) prolonged cardiovascular intensive case (>2 days) and postoperative hospital (>8 days) stays, and (3) worse 0- to 6-year survival. Conclusions Increased hemodilution severity during cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with worse perioperative vital organ dysfunction/morbidity and increased resource use, as well as greater short- and intermediate-term mortality. We speculate that these results derive from inadequate oxygen delivery causing ischemic and/or inflammatory vital organ injury, as recently demonstrated intravitally in cerebral tissues. Although this analysis of a large observational study offers evidence linking low on-pump hematocrit values to these adverse outcomes, prospective randomized trials are needed (1) to establish whether a causal effect of hemodilution on poor outcomes actually exists and (2) to test the potential efficacy of maintaining on-pump hematocrit above 22% for improving outcomes of cardiopulmonary bypass.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: DOES ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY HAVE A ROLE IN THE POSTMASTECTOMY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH OPERABLE BREAST CANCER-REVISITED

Abstract About 2 decades ago, "routine" adjunctive postmastectomy radiotherapy, especially for axillary node-positive patients, was the norm and uncriticized standard against which adequate treatment was measured in most centers. With the advent of cyclic, aggressive, multi-agent chemotherapy and anti-hormones used as adjuvants, especially within the last decade, there has been tremendous reduction in patients referred to the radiation oncologist for consideration of adjunctive postmastectomy radiotherapy. This presentation will attempt to define a role for radiotherapy in at least selected subsets of patients who undergo modified radical mastectomy, based upon published series in the literature. Breast cancer is a protean disease and deserves a multidisciplinary approach to evaluation and treatment. "Routine" adjunctive postmastectomy radiotherapy for all patients with operable breast cancer obviously is not indicated, but there appear to be groups of patients who benefit from radiotherapy, both from the standpoint of disease-free survival and improved quality of life, and … in very narrow subsets, absolute survival. In some of these subsets the benefit clinically may be greater than that resulting from chemotherapy or anti-hormone therapy, although, because of sample size, falling short of statistical verification. In response to the posed question, while this remains a controversial issue, there appears to be a role for selective adjunctive postmastectomy radiotherapy in specific subsets of patients, and physicians administering adjunctive breast cancer therapy with sweeping applications of chemotherapy or anti-hormones alone do not appear to be offering their patients optimal therapy.
Toward a Trinitarian Theory of Products Liability (Symposium on Catholic Social Thought & the Law)

At a time when law school curriculums are heavily sprinkled with "Law &" seminars that explore the rich connections between legal theory and the most varied social sciences and arts, and given that the texts of Catholic Social Thought are pregnant with a profound and multi-layered social critique, it would seem that its robust integration with jurisprudence is long overdue. Among legal specializations, several obvious candidates for integration leap to mind. In the list of obvious candidates, however, many might not include products liability. How would such seemingly technical and scientific standards for the production of material goods intersect with Catholic Social Thought? Similarly, no one would be surprised that legal theorists have not yet identified the deeply mysterious theological doctrine of the Trinity as a lens for products liability analysis. Yet spurred on by the conviction that Catholic Social Thought can offer profound solutions to the knottiest dilemmas in products theory, and encouraged by William Stuntz's recent challenge to move beyond the "ordinary" and "conventional" in order to probe the depths of the unique resources that Christian theology may offer to legal theory, this essay sets out a few initial ideas as a first step toward a "Trinitarian" theory of products liability. The essay begins with a brief outline of some of the overarching themes in products liability, and a story that illustrates what could be considered one of the principal tensions: the profound disconnect between how economic analysts and ordinary citizens who make up civil juries define the standard for a "reasonably designed" product. The second section aims to show that the philosophical and analytical framework of Catholic Social Thought can do much to help flesh out the critique of predominant products liability theories largely influenced by economic analyses. The final sections move beyond critique to consider what a relatively new current of thought in Catholic theology that sets out the Trinity as a model for social life might offer to products liability theory. Specifically, it considers two hotly debated areas in products theory - the role of cost-benefit analysis, and the Third Restatement's recent formulation of the definition of a defective product - to test whether Catholic Social Thought viewed through a "Trinitarian" lens might promise creative solutions.
A systematic approach for multidimensional, closed-form analytic modeling: Effective intrinsic carrier concentrations in Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures

A critical issue identified in both the technology roadmap from the Optoelectronics Industry Development Association and the roadmaps from the National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative, Inc. is the need for predictivecomputer simulations of processes, devices, and circuits. The goal of this paper is to respond to this need by representing the extensive amounts of theoretical data for transport properties in the multi-dimensional space of mole fractions of AlAs in Ga 1 - x Al x As, dopant densities, and carrier densities in terms of closed form analytic expressions. Representing such data in terms of closed-form analytic expressions is a significant challenge that arises in developing computationally efficient simulations of microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present a methodology to achieve the above goal for a class of numerical data in the bounded two-dimensional space of mole fraction of AlAs and dopant density. We then apply this methodology to obtain closed-form analytic expressions for the effective intrinsic carrier concentrations at 300 K in n-type and p-type Ga 1 - x Al x As as functions of the mole fraction x of AlAs between 0.0 and 0.3. In these calculations, the donor density No for n-type material varies between 10 1 6 cm - 3 and 10 1 9 cm - 3 and the acceptor density N A for p-type materials varies between 10 1 6 cm - 3 and 10 2 0 cm - 3 . We find that p-type Ga 1 - x Al x As presents much greater challenges for obtaining acceptable analytic fits whenever acceptor densities are sufficiently near the Mott transition because of increased scatter in the numerical computer results for solutions to the theoretical equations. The Mott transition region in p-type Ga 1 - x Al x As is of technological significance for mobile wireless communications systems. This methodology and its associated principles, strategies, regression analyses, and graphics are expected to be applicable to other problems beyond the specific case of effective intrinsic carrier concentrations such as interpreting scanning capacitance microscopy data to obtain two-dimensional doping profiles.
Estimating the Permittivity of Solids from Measurements on Granular or Pulverized Materials

A procedure is outlined for determining the complex permittivity components of solid materials of known densities from those properties of granular or pulverized samples measured at a few different bulk densities. Properties of the solid are obtained by extrapolation of functions of the dielectric constant and loss factor that are linearly related to the bulk density of the air-particle mixture. Examples are given for whole-kernel wheat, ground white rice, and pulverized goethite.
Queer periods: attitudes toward and experiences with menstruation in the masculine of centre and transgender community

AbstractMenstruation has long been viewed as an important aspect of women’s health. However, scholars and healthcare providers have only recently begun to recognise that transgender men and people with masculine gender identities also menstruate, thus little is known about their attitudes toward and experiences with menstruation. A sample of masculine of centre and transgender individuals with a mean age of 30 years was recruited online to complete measures of attitudes toward menstruation and menstrual suppression and to answer exploratory questions about their experiences managing menstruation. Participants reported mixed attitudes toward menstruation, but generally positive attitudes toward menstrual suppression. Many participants said that they try to avoid public restrooms during menstruation because of practical and psychological concerns. Implications of our findings for the transgender health are discussed.
Surface morphology of degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves four to seven years following implantation

The surface structure of leaflets from two processed but unimplanted porcine bioprosthetic valves and six degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves that were surgically removed because of valvular dysfunction after approximately 4 to 7 years implantation were studied with the scanning electron microscope. Variable degrees of endothelial denudation with the resultant exposure of corresponding areas of subendothelial fibers was the typical surface characteristic of the processed but unimplanted porcine valve heterograft. Structural alterations demonstrated on the surface of leaflets from the degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves included loss of endothelial cells, exposure of large areas of basement membrane material, exposure of wide expanses of subendothelial fibers, fibrin formation, the presence of activated leukocytes, adherent single platelets as well as reversible and irreversible platelet aggregates, and focal accumulations of crystalline deposits. Each of these morphologic features may be a potential contributor to the progressive degradative process.
A Comparative Study of the Performance Capabilities of Magnetic Gears

This article is a literature review and comparison of the performance capabilities of magnetic gears. The purpose of this paper was to determine the validity of further attempts at implementing magnetic gear technology into large scale applications such as wind turbines. It was determined that mechanical gears still carry an advantage over magnetic gears in terms of performance; magnetic gears have only reached a peak torque performance of 731 Nm. The highest torque density for a magnetic gear is 239 Nm/L. Improvements in magnetic gears, such as, the types of magnets used, and improved topologies of the gears have been significant factors in improving the performance of magnetic gears. Such improvements signify that there is potential in magnetic gear technology, and that further research in designing high performing magnetic gears could potentially lead to a viable replacement for mechanical gears.
Immunization practices among pediatric transplant hepatologists

Vaccination of pediatric liver transplant candidates and recipients represents an opportunity to decrease infectious complications following transplant. Although vaccine recommendations exist, studies have shown that many transplant candidates and recipients are under-immunized. The goals of this study were to assess among pediatric transplant hepatologists: (i) current immunization practices before and after transplantation, (ii) involvement of an ID physician in the transplant evaluation, and (iii) perceptions about vaccine safety and barriers to immunization. An 80-item e-mail survey of pediatric transplant hepatologists at centers in the United States and Canada participating in the SPLIT consortium was conducted from December 2014 to March 2015. The overall response rate was 80% (73/91), representing 97% (32/33) of SPLIT centers. Fifty percent of programs routinely involved an ID physician in the transplant evaluation. Administration of palivizumab was routinely considered by 48% of hepatologists pre-transplant and by 41% post-transplant. Live vaccines were recommended by 26% of hepatologists after transplant. About 10% of hepatologists reported concern that live vaccines after transplant could induce rejection. There is wide variation in immunization practices among transplant hepatologists. Specific evidence-based protocols are needed to guide immunization practices in transplant candidates and recipients.
Chirality in Electrodynamics: Modeling and Applications

Recently, attention has been focused on the area of wave propagation, radiation and guidance in chiral media due to their diverse applications and availability. The role of chirality or handedness and its importance in a variety of fields such as geometry, chemistry, optics, particle physics and life sciences has been studied since the early part of nineteenth century. Chiral electrodynamics, or electromagnetic chirality, addresses the effects of handedness in electrodynamics, and these effects can be observed in chiral materials, which, in the optical regime are also known as optically active materials. Owing to the handed nature of their constituents, these materials themselves possess an intrinsic handedness.
Principles of local polynomial interpolation

The sub-pixel analysis of large volumes of digital imagery requires precise methods of interpolation. To be computationally feasible, the methods must be massively parallelizable, and this constrains them to be local. This paper develops a set of principles for generating local interpolators, which apply to both one and higher-dimensional problems. The principles are demonstrated here for the four-point one-dimensional problem and produce both a generalization of cubic convolution that applies to non-uniform grids and a new quintic method. Based on three common metrics, the new method achieves equal or better performance than cubic convolution and the comparable non-local method. The new principles suggest that any higher-order polynomial method beyond quintic is unnatural and causes higher low-frequency error.
Health Services and Health Care Economics Related to Hyperparathyroidism and Parathyroid Surgery

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a prevalent and costly disease. This chapter discusses recent health services and health economics research related to PHPT. We cover first the epidemiology of PHPT in the USA, using primary data from the Truven Health MarketScan database. We then discuss several dimensions of costs of management. We review the evidence regarding medical approaches to managing PHPT relative to surgical approaches, showing that definitive surgical management soon after diagnosis appears to yield cost savings. We then examine the costs associated with surgical management, comparing economic implications of alternative surgical approaches, including limited exploration after preoperative gland localization, which appears to have reasonable evidence in favor of cost-effectiveness, and intraoperative adjuncts, for which cost-effectiveness evidence is weak. We finally review the economic evidence for medical management of patients who are not good candidates for surgery.
Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Not Associated With Complications After Navigational Bronchoscopy Procedures

Background Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) is a commonly used technique to obtain biopsies of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Little is known about risk factors for complications with this procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the complication rate associated with ENB and the relationship of complications to patient- and procedure-related factors. Methods Consecutive ENB procedures at an academic medical center between May 11, 2011, and September 11, 2015, were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative characteristics, including pulmonary function, procedure characteristics, and the occurrence of complications, were recorded. Results In all, 361 procedures were performed on 341 patients. Complications occurred in 30 of 361 (8.3%), the most common of which was pneumothorax (27, 7.5%). Complications were not related to age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, or pulmonary function test result. Patients with complications had longer procedure times (50 versus 73 minutes, p = 0.03), and had more interventional modalities used (2.4 versus 3.2, p = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that bronchoalveolar lavage was significantly associated with complications (odds ratio 6.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.68 to 24.3, p = 0.006). Conclusions Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy is safe, and the rate of complications is not elevated among patients with poor lung function. Bronchoalveolar lavage performed during ENB was associated with elevated risk of complications and should be studied further.
How Visual is Visual Prediction

Infants are readily able to use their recent experience to shape their future behavior. Recent work has confirmed that infants generate neural predictions based on their recent experience (Emberson, Richards, & Aslin, 2015) and that neural predictions trigger visual system activity similar to that elicited by visual stimulation. This study uses behavioral methods to ask, how visual is visual prediction? In Experiment 1, we confirmed that when additional trials provide additional visual experience with the experimental shape, infants exhibit a robust novelty preference. In Experiment 2, we removed the visual stimulus from some trials and presented the predictive auditory cue alone, allowing the effects of neural prediction to be assessed. We found no evidence of looking preferences at test, suggesting that visual prediction does not contribute to the computation of visual familiarity. In Experiment 3, we provided infants with a degraded visual stimulus to test whether visual prediction could bias visual perception under ambiguous conditions. Again, we found no evidence of looking preferences at test, suggesting that visual prediction is not biasing perception of an uncertain stimulus. Overall, our results suggest that visual prediction is not visual, in the strictest sense, despite the presence of visual system activation.
An Angle Resolved Sims and Auger Electron Spectroscopy Study of the Oxidation Of Al(100)

Abstract Angle resolved SIMS (ARSIMS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) have been used to study the interaction of oxygen with Al(100) at 300 K. ARSIMS measurements of the Al+ azimuthal angle distribution and AES measurements show that oxygen chemisorbs on Al(100) without reconstructing the Al surface for oxygen exposure up to roughly 120L. As the exposure exceeds 120L an amorphous oxide begins to grow which completely disorders the Al surface at an exposure of about 1200L. ARSIMS measurements of the O− polar angle distribution are shown to be sensitive to the occupation of surface versus subsurface oxygen bonding sites. These measurements indicate that while surface sites are preferentially populated upon initial exposure to oxygen, both surface and subsurface sites become populated prior to oxide formation at ~120L.
Nutrition Education Services Described on National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Center Websites.

For women diagnosed with breast cancer, healthy weight and enhanced nutrition may improve outcomes. The goal of this study is to examine the nutrition education services available on National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Centers’ websites. In 2017, websites of all 61 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers that provide adult clinical care were reviewed at least twice. Websites were analyzed for the existence and type of expert-directed nutrition education services for breast cancer survivors. Of the 61 websites analyzed, 49 (80%) provided information about nutrition education. Twenty (33%) included only nutrition counseling, three (5%) only nutrition classes, and 26 (42%) both counseling and classes. Forty-six websites included information about nutrition counseling; of these, 39 had an easily identifiable description. Thirty-seven class options were offered, 22% were specific to breast cancer, 16% to subgroups such as young women, 41% were nutrition-only classes, and 24% included skills education. Nutrition services are an important part of breast cancer treatment. This study demonstrated that most NCI-designated cancer centers offered counseling. However, the type of information that was offered varied and services were not always specific to patients with breast cancer. Further research is needed to confirm the presence of services, assess patient access, and demonstrate their efficacy in promoting optimal survivor outcomes.
Reduction of Campylobacter and Salmonella in pigs treated with A select nitrocompound

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of administering a select nitrocompound (S-NO) on reducing naturally colonized Campylobacter and experimentally infected Salmonella in the weaned pig gut. Pigs were divided into four groups; control (0 g S-NO/pig), 1X (0.2 g S-NO/pig), 5X (1 g S-NO/pig), and 10X (2 g S-NO/pig). Treatments were administered via oral gavage 24 h before sacrifice. Mean ± SD populations (log10 cfu/g) of Campylobacter in the cecum were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs receiving the 10X dose when compared with untreated controls (1.64 ± 1.30 vs 5.31 ± 0.58, respectively). Campylobacter concentrations in rectal contents from pigs administered the 5X dose were reduced (P < 0.05) compared to control (2.65 ± 2.86 vs 5.90 ± 0.94, respectively). Rectal Salmonella concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) in all of the S-NO-treated groups. Adverse effects of S-NO on pig health were not observed. These results demonstrate that S-NO may have potential as an intervention to reduce pig colonization by Campylobacter and Salmonella.
Legal Disputes Related to Climate Change Will Continue for a Century

Professor Pierce summarizes the expected effects of anthropogenic climate change, discusses the expensive and ineffective efforts that have been attempted to date to mitigate climate change, describes a more promising strategy for the future, and explains why the US must prepare to make major changes in law to adapt to some significant changes in climate that are inevitable. This paper was originally presented to the DC Bar as the 2012 Harold Leventhal Lecture.
Instructional Message Design: Past, Present, and Future Relevance

Instructional message design explores how various media and delivery systems might be used more effectively to help optimize instructional communications within context-specific instructional situations and learner needs. But use of the term appears to have fallen out of favor over the years since the mid-1990s. A review of the historical and theoretical foundations of instructional message design reveals that, while instructional design generally has shifted from objectivist to more constructivist perspectives on learning theory, the instructional message design field remains firmly rooted in early “transmission oriented” communications models. It appears that instructional message design has also suffered from definitional problems as well, with more recent narrow views of the field focused on media attributes supplanting earlier broad views of the field as an applied “linking science” between theory and practice. And, finally, while findings from studies on media attributes provide designers with some guidance for generally what will not work in terms of cognitive processing, the guidelines seldom shed light on what one should actually do within a particular learning context. It appears that reestablishing instructional message design as a valid area of inquiry within the field of instructional design will require catching up with recent philosophical shifts in communication theory while adjusting our definitions and research foci accordingly. The chapter concludes with recommendations for a revised guiding theoretical framework based on conversation theory, a broader definitional focus that looks at more than just optimizing cognitive processing, and a new systems view of our approach to research in this area.
Pokémon GO Within the Context of Family Health: Retrospective Study

Background: Pokemon GO illuminated the potential for mobile phone gaming apps to engage users and promote health. However, much work is needed to fully understand the mechanisms through which digitally supported behavior change interventions operate, particularly for children and families. Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to explore the Pokemon GO user experience from a family perspective and (2) to investigate Pokemon GO within the context of family health. Methods: Between January and February 2017, congruent with one of the largest anticipated Pokemon GO updates Gen 2, participants were recruited from parks, word of mouth, and social media to complete a Web-based survey. Participants were surveyed about family characteristics, interest, and experiences playing Pokemon GO and healthy lifestyle beliefs. Using a revised Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, a retrospective pre-post design assessed changes in parent physical activity (PA) before and after playing Pokemon GO. Results: Self-reported data from 160 parents and 31 children were included in the final analyses (representing 129 parents and 31 parent-child dyads). Gameplay most often occurred between sons aged 10 years or younger and mothers. “Spending time together” was the most cited reason for gameplay by both parents (122/160, 76.3%) and children (24/31, 77%), followed by “it helped me go outdoors” for parents (113/160, 70.1%) and “I am a Pokemon fan” by children (21/31, 68%). Interestingly, open-ended responses indicated that gameplay could trigger both positive and negative emotional parent response. The most cited reason for app disengagement was boredom; conversely, the most cited reason for app re-engagement was in-app events. For parents, there were significant increases in minutes spent in mild (mean 23.36 [SD 66.02]; t97=3.50, P<.001) and moderate (mean 21.76 [SD 53.04]; t130=4.70, P<.001) PA per week after playing Pokemon GO. However, child perceptions of parental influence on PA most significantly associated with parents who reported weekly strenuous PA both before (rs=.514, P=.003) and after (rs=.536, P=.003) Pokemon GO uptake. Conclusions: Pokemon GO transcended traditional understanding of digital health and uniquely reached across generations to engage users. Findings from this study highlight that, for a period of time, Pokemon GO fostered social and physical well-being for children and families through a multifaceted approach.
A Spherical Aberration Corrective Lens for Centimeter Through Submillimeter Wavelength Antennas

We present the design of a dielectric lens to correct the spherical aberration in spherical reflector antennas for use at centimeter through submillimeter wavelengths. A set of near-field measurements at a frequency of 100 GHz of a 30 cm diameter spherical antenna with 30 cm radius of curvature confirm improvement in illumination efficiency from 20.2% for the feed at the paraxial focus of the spherical primary to 42.4% with the feed position optimized as described by [M. Alonso-DelPino, P. Goldsmith, C. Elmaleh, T. Reck, and G. Chattopadhyay, “Efficiency optimization of spherical reflectors by feed position adjustments,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 16, pp. 2865–2868, 2017] to 53.1% with the present TPX corrective lens. Further improvement should be possible by antireflection treatment of the lens surfaces, and by using both lens surfaces to optimize the amplitude in addition to the phase distribution of the antenna illumination. This technique offers advantages for antenna systems used for communication and for a variety of remote sensing applications.
Investigation of Conductivity and Ionic Transport of VO2(M) and VO2(R) via Electrochemical Study

Vanadium dioxides exist as a variety of polymorphs, each with differing structural and electrochemical capabilities. The monoclinic to rutile transition is an interesting system for study as the transition temperature is easily accessible at moderate temperature and corresponds to an increase in electrical conductivity by 2 orders of magnitude. The transition from monoclinic to rutile is characterized structurally herein using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and related to lithium-ion electrochemistry using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intermittent pulsatile galvanostatic discharge tests. The experimental results indicate a decrease in ohmic resistance for lithium-based cells tested under higher temperatures. Complementary density functional theory calculations described the experimentally measured intercalation voltages and identified a possible Li-induced LixVO2(M) to LixVO2(R) phase transition during the discharging process rationalizing the favorable impact on the function of a lithi...
Experimental economics' inconsistent ban on deception.

Abstract According to what I call the ‘argument from public bads’, if a researcher deceived subjects in the past, there is a chance that subjects will discount the information that a subsequent researcher provides, thus compromising the validity of the subsequent researcher's experiment. While this argument is taken to justify an existing informal ban on explicit deception in experimental economics, it can also apply to implicit deception, yet implicit deception is not banned and is sometimes used in experimental economics. Thus, experimental economists are being inconsistent when they appeal to the argument from public bads to justify banning explicit deception but not implicit deception.
Molecular dynamics simulations of chiral recognition of drugs by amylose polymers coated on amorphous silica

Fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a useful tool to provide molecular-level understanding of the chiral recognition. MD can predict which enantiomer elutes first, and provide an ...
N-(2-Acetyl­phen­yl)acetamide

The title compound, C10H11NO2, was synthesized from 2′-amino­acetophenone in acetic anhydride. In the mol­ecular structure, an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond [H⋯O = 1.893 (18) A] appears to affect the overall planar conformation of the mol­ecule.
Simulating Fluid and Solid Particles and Continua with SPH and Spam

In my own research career I have been primarily interested in the statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium systems of particles, stressing new techniques for undertaking and understanding computer simulations [1, 2]. The blind alleys toward which molecular dynamics naturally leads provide a compensating appreciation of continuum mechanics, with its length scale more appropriate to everyday experiences. For me, it was a pleasure to learn that the two approaches, microsopic and macroscopic, can be usefully combined, using ideas due to Lucy and Monaghan.
Quadratic residues: Application to chirp filters and discrete Fourier transforms

A complete solution is given to the problem of finding the number of distinct quadratic residues for a composite modulus. Two specific applications of this result are described. The first one concerns the efficient implementation of chirp filters. It is shown that by an optimum choice of the number of taps, the number of multiplications required to realize a transversal chirp filter can be greatly reduced. Secondly, an algorithm for the computation of DFT, based on chirp filtering, is discussed. It has the potential of being faster than the FFT in certain cases and, in addition, requires less storage for the sine-cosine values.
Ontogeny and kinetics of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in liver and skeletal muscle of the domestic felid (Felis domestica)

The ontogeny of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) was examined in liver and muscle throughout growth and development of the domestic felid. Homogenates from animals in six age categories (newborn, 24-h, 3-, 6- and 9-week-old, and adult) were examined. Hepatic CPT specific activity increased progressively from birth to 6 weeks and then declined slightly into adulthood, with maximal values for animals greater than 24 h of age [171 nmol/(min g wet tissue)] being 70% higher than for newborns [99 nmol/(min g wet tissue)] (P 3 weeks of age. We conclude that postnatal increases in CPT activity support increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation in the developing felid and that dietary carnitine may be required to maximize enzyme activity.
The shift of some strong lines of Al, Ca, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Na in emission, produced by argon

Abstract The shift of the resonance lines of Ca, Cu, Mn, and Na and of AlI λ3082 and λ3944, CaII λ3933 and λ3968, and MoI λ3358 was measured in emission when perturbed by hot, dense argon at 3239°K (r.d. 35–100) in a ballistic compressor. Some of the results are compared with those previously obtained with static argon pressures.
Conversion of caffeic acid to esculetin during paper chromatography.

ESCULETIN was found in an extract of plant tissue which contained caffeic acid. The esculetin was not a natural product but was formed from caffeic acid during the paper-chromatographic purification procedures. This conversion was confirmed by two-dimensional chromatography of authentic caffeic acid.
Up-regulation of the α2-Macroglobulin Signaling Receptor on Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts

In the present study, we demonstrate that the alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) signaling receptor is up-regulated on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. In rheumatoid cells, 125I-alpha2M-methylamine bound to two sites; namely, one of high affinity (Kd approximately 52 pM) and the second of lower affinity (Kd approximately 9.7 nM). In normal synovial fibroblasts only one site for 125I-alpha2M-methylamine (Kd approximately 5.36 nM) was present. Receptor-associated protein did not inhibit the binding of alpha2M-methylamine to the high affinity binding sites, but it caused a 70-80% reduction in its binding to low affinity binding sites establishing its identity as the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha2M receptor. Binding of alpha2M-methylamine to rheumatoid but not normal synovial fibroblasts caused a rapid rise in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate synthesis with a peak reached within 10 s of ligand exposure. Concomitantly, rheumatoid but not normal cells showed a rise in intracellular Ca2+. Pretreatment of rheumatoid cells with Receptor-associated protein or pertussis toxin did not affect the alpha2M-methylamine-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+. These are characteristic properties of ligation by alpha2M-methylamine of the alpha2M signaling receptor but not the lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha2M receptor. Binding of alpha2M-methylamine to rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts significantly increased the synthesis of DNA compared with normal synovial fibroblasts treated similarly.
The Ottomans in Syria: A History of Justice and Oppression – Dick Douwes Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire – Eugene L. Rogan

Taken together, these two books present a challenge to the traditional narrative of state modernization in the Middle East. Dick Douwes studies coastal and western Syria in the period 1750–1850, a ...
Sources And Accuracy Of College Students' Sex Knowledge.

In the fall of 1969 266 freshmen college students completed a questi onnaire designed to determine the students self-perceived source of information regarding sex knowledge. The number of students who attained information from friends books and parents was 89 71 and 51 respectively. Less than 20% mentioned parents while no one listed professionals as their major source of information. Commonly missed items included: 104 students did not know the umbilical cord was attached to the placenta; 120 students were not familiar with the physiological basis of the rhythm method of birth control and 99 students did not know the meaning of ovulation. The results of this investigation indicate that continuous efforts are necessary to improve the quality and quantity of sex education in schools.
A security architecture for information assurance and availability in MANETs

Currently, End-to-End protection architectures, including pervasive ones such as the Internet Protocol suite, as well as others, typically focus on protecting the network availability ignoring the end-system host. Unfortunately, this leads to attacks against the availability and information assurance of the overall system including host-based denial of service attacks and data ex-filtration. In MANETs, such attacks become even more debilitating because each node has a dual role acting both as a source and as a router. To address such attacks, we extend the protection beyond the network encompassing the host end-system platform. By isolating each application running on the end hosts, we extend our ability to scalably and effectively enforce policies beyond network communications to memory, file I/O, and inter-application communications. However, the functions are not merely those of a separation kernel, as applications must interact with the underlying host OS and other applications, whenever permitted by policy. A direct implication of our architecture is that the realization of an end-to-end security protection system must include specific security mechanisms on the host that would be able to isolate services and regulate their resources. Our approach exploits the complementary strengths of four well- known components: lightweight visualization, kernel-level resource management, mandatory access control (MAC) frameworks, and stackable file systems. These mechanisms are available in many off-the-self systems. Finally, we show that our system does not incur significant resource overhead or performance degradation making them appropriate for real-time applications on resource constraint platforms.
Improving Knowledge, Assessment, and Attitudes Related to Pain Management: Evaluation of an Intervention

Pain control in the acute care setting is repeatedly described in the literature as problematic. The purpose of this clinical research project was to evaluate an educational intervention designed to improve the management of pain in an acute care setting. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention design was used. Three hundred and forty-one medical-surgical and critical care nurses completed the Brockopp-Warden Pain Knowledge/Bias Questionnaire (2004) (203 pre, 138 post). Data were collected before the intervention and 3 months following the educational experience. Sixty patients (30 pre, 30 post) recorded numerical assessments of their pain every 2 hours in a pain diary. Patient charts were reviewed to compare patients' pain assessments with nurses' documentation. A 50% decrease in the mean difference between patients' assessment of pain and nurses' documentation (p < .04) was found post-intervention. Although no significant differences were found on total knowledge or bias scores, 20% of nurses who participated responded incorrectly to six of 21 knowledge items both pre- and post-intervention. In keeping with earlier research on bias regarding pain management, patients with non-physiological conditions were not attended to as well as patients who had clearly defined physical problems. Results of this project have precipitated major changes regarding the management of pain in this institution. A pain steering committee has been formed and additional unit-based projects have been conducted. The challenge of finding the most effective method for changing biases toward specific patient populations and increasing knowledge regarding pain management remains.
Homer Smith: An eclectic mentor

Let me start by expressing my appreciation to the Committee that organized this symposium which, like the man it is honoring, is comprehensive and elegant, and which has given me the opportunity and the incentive to recall and thereby relive a dazzling roller-coaster mentorship that took many forms and lasted for 15 years. My assignment in this symposium is very different from that of the other speakers because it calls primarily for a presentation and interpretation of an interaction between only two people, a mentor and a mentee, in different relationships as the mentee moved over a 15-year period from dependent student to situations of increasing independence, but somehow in a very special sense always remaining a mentee. As I thought about how to present a proper picture of Homer Smith's conception and practice of mentorship I concluded that the only clear and meaningful way to do this was to describe specific research situations or personal problems of his mentees, and then to note exactly how his interaction with or advice to any particular mentee had an important influence on the outcome of that mentee's research or the solution to that mentee's personal or career problem. Therefore, because the only mentee whose interactions with and advice from Smith I know about in full detail is myself, I have no choice but to present some aspects of my own work and career in order to reveal Smith's guiding hand. Accordingly, all references to my research and to my career decisions are presented only as background necessary for an understanding of Smith's conception and practice of mentorship. I don't know how many people experienced Smith's mentorship in the same way that I did—but from the comments and writings of his other mentees, I think that I am not a special case. I first met Homer Smith in 1940 when I was a medical student at New York University, and I made the mistake of falling asleep during one of his lectures in the first year Physiology course. This impropriety was compounded by my having picked a seat in the lecture hall that was in the direct line of his vision. A week later, I met him accidentally in the school bookstore and I learned that my lecture hail slumber had not escaped his attention. He told me that he had learned from the Dean's office that I was working at what amounted to a full-time job (if weekends were included) and that this job was irrelevant to what he assumed was my primary commitment, namely, medical school. He then invited me to drop by his office to discuss the relationship of moonlighting, sleep deprivation, and learning as well as the related issue of student
Implied Reader Response and the Evolution of Genres: Transitional Stages Between the Ancient Novels and the Apocryphal Acts

This article aims at elaborating on the commonly held judgment that the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles have somehow been influenced by the Hellenistic novels. It is argued that the one evolved from the other. Three stages can be traced. A first stage consists of Christian allegorizing of the novels based on the many striking crucifixion and empty tomb passages, followed by a second stage of writing Christian allegories based on the Old Testament heritage of Christianity. Joseph and Asenath being the sole surviving example. Finally, the third stage is the explicit composing of Christian versions of the picaresque romantic adventure novels, namely the Apocryphal Acts.
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the foreign body response to particulate debris in a rabbit model

The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the foreign body response to particulate debris, similar in morphology and quantity to wear debris present in the tissues around loose total joint prostheses, was investigated using a rabbit model. Cobalt chrome pins were inserted into the femurs along with particulate debris consisting of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and cobalt chrome (CC). The particles induced a significant cellular response compared to the control animals that did not receive any debris. The application of PEMFs did not increase this foreign body response, nor did it have an effect on the number of resorption cavities, cortical area, or cortical thickness. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Co-2-plex polynomials

This paper offers a generalization of the independence polynomial, the co-k-plex polynomial. The resulting family of polynomials carries combinatorial information on a class of independence systems defined over the vertex set of a finite graph. Specifically, we offer a recursion formula and examples of the co-2-plex polynomial on certain graphs. In addition, we characterize the class of graphs whose co-2-plex polynomial will have all real roots.
Tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) electron-transfer in a layered zirconium phosphate lattice

Abstract The preparation of a crystalline zirconium phosphate containing apparent monolayers of tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) is described. ESR and photoacoustic spectral data indicate the ruthenium complex retains its octahedral symmetry in this new host environment. Electron spin resonance data also indicate that under visible illumination triethylamine transfers an electron to the ruthenium complex to form a free radical amine cation.
A Micromechanics Model for Thermoelastic Properties of Plain Weave Fabric Composites

A micromechanics model is presented to predict thermoelastic properties of composites reinforced with plain weave fabrics. A representative volume element is chosen for analysis and the fiber architecture is described by a few simple functions. Equations are developed to calculate various phase fractions from geometric parameters that can be measured on a cross section. Effective elastic moduli and effective thermal expansion coefficients are determined under the assumption of uniform strain inside the representative volume element. The resulting model is similar to the classical laminated theory, and hence is easier to use than other models available in the literature. An experimental correlation is provided for a number of Nicalon SiC/CVI SiC and Graphite/CVI SiC composite laminates.