cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementing Community Programs The Black Perspective in Behavioral Community Psychology

The application of behavior modification principles in community settings has received considerable attention. Tharp and Wetzel (1969) reported several studies that provide documentation of the application of behavior modification outside of hospital settings. Studies by authors such as Boardman (1962), Williams (1959), Lovibond (1963), and Schwitzgebel (1964) represent a few of the successful applications of behavior modification principles with running away, lying and aggressive behaviors, bedtime problem behaviors, enuresis, and juvenile delinquency respectively. More recently, behavior modification principles have been applied in the treatment of neurotic behaviors, psychotic behaviors, mental retardation, and substance abuse problems (Fazio, 1972; Kondas & Scetnicka, 1972; Liberman, Teigen, Patterson, & Baker, 1973; Mahoney & Craighead, 1973; Sobell & Sobell, 1973). Also, behavior modification principles have been applied extensively in educational settings (Allen, Chinsky, Larcen, Lochman & Selinger, 1976; Allyon, Layman & Kandel, 1975; Birnbrauer, 1976; Jones & Kazdin, 1975).
Abstract SY29-02: Novel mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance

Large-scale genomic studies have demonstrated that approximately 50% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) harbor genetic and epigenetic alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway genes. The most commonly altered HRR genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2, followed by other Fanconi anemia genes including FANCN/PALB2, FANCO/RAD51, FANCJ/BRIP, and FANCA. Loss of HRR causes genomic instability, hyperdependence on alternative DNA repair mechanisms, and enhanced sensitivity to platinum analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, and PARP-inhibitors (PARPi). The synthetic lethal interaction with PARPi is being exploited therapeutically in diverse clinical contexts and most notably in ovarian cancer, where the PARPi olaparib is FDA approved for use in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. PARP inhibitor resistance has already emerged as a vexing clinical problem for the treatment of BRCA1/2-deficient tumors. The most prevalent mechanism of PARPi resistance is secondary events that cancel the original HRR alteration and restore HRR proficiency. However, PARPi resistance may still develop without restoration of HRR proficiency via disruption of multiple proteins, such as PTIP or CHD4, that leads to replication fork (RF) stabilization. Importantly, this latter mechanism—namely, the restoration of RF stability—appears to be a highly prevalent mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance in vitro and in vivo, particularly in tumor cells with an underlying BRCA2 deficiency. Due to their underlying deficiency in BRCA2 and inability to generate RAD51 nucleofilaments, these tumor cells are unable to restore HRR mechanisms. Instead, these cells acquire PARP inhibitor resistance by limiting the nucleolytic degradation of their stalled replication forks. We have recently made the surprising observation that BRCA2-deficient tumors can become resistant to PARPi by downregulating the expression of the polycomb repressive complex PRC2, a methyltransferase complex containing EZH2, SUZ12, EED, and RbAp48. Importantly, downregulation of PRC2 results in the reduced recruitment of the nuclease MUS81 to the RF, thereby providing a novel mechanism of RF protection and PARPi resistance. A molecular understanding of PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms may allow the generation of a new class of drugs or a repurposing of existing drugs, which may reverse this resistance and extend the use of PARP inhibitors to more tumor types. Citation Format: Alan D. D9Andrea. Novel mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY29-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-SY29-02
Supporting veterans' transitions from permanent supportive housing.

OBJECTIVES Little research has assessed the nature of veterans' departures from permanent supportive housing (PSH), which may be of positive valence (e.g., moving into more independent housing). This study aimed to identify participants appropriate for "graduation" from PSH and how to support their transitions. METHOD This mixed methods study used qualitative data from PSH program staff, 445 PSH participants' responses to a survey assessing their experiences and administrative records, and qualitative data from a subsample of 10 participants who graduated from the program. Participants were classified as "stayers" (retained in PSH for at least 600 days); "graduates" (exited with improvement in community integration); or "involuntary leavers" (exited for reasons of negative valence). Template analysis of qualitative data from PSH staff described graduation processes; qualitative data from participants were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The study compared veterans' characteristics using chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests; a multinomial logistic regression assessed correlates of graduates' and involuntary leavers' exits from PSH. RESULTS Approximately one half of participants who exited the program were graduates. Processes used by program staff to identify potential graduates varied. Participants' self-report of substance use and mental health problems was associated with involuntary leaver status. Frequency of case management, a trusting relationship between participant and case manager, and participants' receipt of compensation related to disability incurred during military service were associated with graduation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE To support successful transitions from PSH, programs should focus on providing high-quality case management that may respond flexibly to participants' varying recovery needs. (PsycINFO Database Record
Before Performance Measurement

This paper examines the conditions preceding and concurrent with the origin of performance measurement in the early 1900s. It links performance measurement to political reform and reassertion of ex...
Text Preparation and Similarity Computation

Text data is often found in highly unstructured environments, and is frequently created by human participants. In many cases, text is embedded within Web documents, which is contaminated with elements such as HyperText Markup Language (HTML) tags, misspellings, ambiguous words, and so on. Furthermore, a single Web page may contain multiple blocks, most of which might be advertisements or other unrelated content.
REVOLUTIONIZING THE SOCIAL WORK CURRICULUM: ADDING MODELING TO THE SYSTEMS PARADIGM

The social work literature provides ample evidence of the use of the systems paradigm and concepts. However, system ideas serve primarily as a sensitizing tool, suggesting important environmental f...
Investigation of a New Class of Integral Equations and Applications to Estimation Problems (Filtering, Prediction, System Identification)

Kolmogorov [1] initiated the study of filtering and extrapolation of stationary time series. These and other related problems were studied by N. Wiener in 1942 for stationary random processes and his results were published later in Wiener [1]. The basic integral equation of the theory of stochastic optimization for random processes is $$ Rh = \int_{{t - T}}^t {R(x,y)h(y)dy = f(x),\quad t - T \leqslant x \leqslant t} $$ (1.1) where R(x,y) is a nonegative definite kernel, a correlation function, f(x) is a given function, and T > 0 is a given number. In Wiener [1] equation (1.1) was studied under the assumptions that R(x,y) = R(x-y) and T = +∞. We note that in applications T is the time of signal processing and the assumption about the kernel means that only stationary random processes were studied in Wiener [1]. Under these and some additional assumptions concerning the kernel R(x) a theory of the integral equation (1.1), now widely known as the Wiener-Hopf method, was given in Wiener-Hopf [1]. Their results were developed later in Krein [1], Gohberg-Krein [1], and Gohberg-Feldman [1].
Organization of the Human Immune System

During the past decade, our knowledge concerning immunologic development and function has expanded rapidly as a result of the interplay between fundamental studies of antigen receptors and lymphokine molecules and the genes encoding them and studies of patients with leukemias, autoimmune disorders, and immunodeficiency diseases. The latter have been particularly valuable in defining the critical stages in the differentiation of stem cells into mature lymphoid effector cells and the roles played by different subpopulations of cells in regulating immune responses. Several categories of defects in these cellular maturation and cellular interaction events lead to immunodeficiency diseases, including intrinsic defects in the lymphoid cells; abnormalities in the microenvironments necessary for the generation of the differentiation signals essential for the maturation of lymphoid cells; disorders of regulatory cells that normally control humoral and cellular immune responses; and, finally, disorders in which the production of lymphoid cells and immunoglobulins is normal but in which host environment abnormalities lead to excessive endogenous catabolism or excessive loss of immune elements. A second area of major advance has been in defining the arrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. These genes in their germline form are organized as discontinuous DNA elements that are joined by recombinations during lymphocyte development. The analysis of immunoglobulin gene structure and arrangement has contributed to the study of human lymphoid neoplasms. In addition, the analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes has been valuable in defining the lineage (T or B cell) of neoplasms whose origins were previously unknown; in determining the clonality of abnormal lymphocyte proliferation; in diagnosing and monitoring the therapy of lymphoid malignancies; in determining the state of maturation and the causes for failure of maturation of cells of the B-cell series; and in providing insights into the causes of malignant transformation of B and T lymphoid cells. It is apparent that the application of this molecular genetic approach has great potential for complementing conventional marker analysis, cytogenetics, and histopathology, thus broadening the scientific basis for the classification, diagnosis, and monitoring of the therapy of lymphoid neoplasia. A final area of dramatic advance has been in defining an array of lymphokine molecules that regulate T-cell and B-cell growth and differentiation. One of the best studied of these lymphokine systems is that of IL-2 and its receptor. Antigen-induced activation of resting T cells induces the synthesis of IL-2 as well as the expression of specific cell surface high-affinity receptors for this lymphokine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Validation of statistical uncertainties in subcritical benchmark measurements: Part I – Theory and simulations

Abstract Subcritical neutron noise measurements are often used to determine multiplication of a system with Special Nuclear Material. This work presents an uncertainty approach which incorporates the singles and doubles counting rates determined by the Hage-Cifarelli formalism. This is a moments-based approach which utilizes time correlations between prompt neutrons in order to assess the system multiplication. After the method is described, a validation is presented which utilizes simulated data generated using a 0-D point-kinetics Monte Carlo code.
A Partially Filled Jamming Gripper for Underwater Recovery of Objects Resting on Soft Surfaces

In this paper we demonstrate a universal jamming gripper with a partially filled membrane that can pick up submerged objects resting on soft substrates. Jamming grippers take advantage of the phenomenon of particle jamming to control the compliance of an end effector membrane. Changes in internal membrane pressure are used to transition the membrane between hard and soft states. The effort was motivated by the need for tools to sample artifacts on deep sea shipwrecks, which are often found resting on waterlogged timbers, or partially buried in fine, loose sediment. Limiting downward force protects the target, and reduces the likelihood that it will be pushed down in to the substrate, which could lead to a failed grasp. In benchtop tests, the downward force, and the ratio of maximum lifting force to downward force, are shown to be strongly dependent on the initial volume of particles and fluid in the gripper membrane. The gripper achieves lifting forces 6.7 times the downward force on targets with high aspect ratios. Experiments in a fresh water tank demonstrate the ability to grasp objects resting on soft sediment, and compliant foam. Finally, experiments at sea demonstrate that the end effector functions at depths of more than 1000m seawater, successfully grasping a range of irregular objects.
Open image in new windowConclusion: Commonalities and Differences in Life Histories

Because the life history of every species is at some level unique, the challenge in attempting to forge a comparative synthesis is finding instructive (as distinct from trite) commonalities.
Neoliberalism’s demons

I have chosen to frame Adam Kotsko's 2018 monograph Neoliberalism's Demons, which follows his 2016 study of Christianity's demonization tactics in The Prince of This World, as a corrective – first,...
‘One Chief Letter Office at New-York’: Packet Ships, Imperial Administration, and the Geography of the American Post, 1692–1783

The postal system in the American colonies is an understudied arm of the first British Empire. Although outside the main institutions of colonial administration, the post office followed the overal...
Examining Household Changes in Produce Purchases Among New Parents.

Abstract Objective To measure whether parenthood is associated with changes in produce purchasing behavior, overall and stratified by income. Design Retrospective examination of retail grocery purchases in the Nielsen Consumer Panel, a nationally representative sample of US households, 2007–2015. Participants and Setting A total of 21,939 households in the US, aged 25–49 years, observed ≤ 8 years; 508 households initiated parenthood during the study period. Main Outcome Measure Percentage of household grocery budget spent on produce each year. Analysis Difference-in-differences design was used to measure change in the percentage of the grocery budget spent on produce after becoming a parent, relative to households that did not become parents, overall and stratified by income level. Ordinary least-squares regressions was used to adjust for confounders. Results Percentage of the grocery budget spent on produce increased by 1.7 percentage points (15.7%) after initiating parenthood. Among higher-income households, produce purchases increased by 1.9 percentage points; no detectable change was found among low-income households. Conclusions and Implications Initiation of parenthood increased grocery expenditures on produce. Because new parenthood is a critical time in a person's life, this behavior change could create the opportunity for interventions with long-term effects. However, heterogeneous impacts by income indicated that lower-income households need more support and reveal 1 mechanism for income-related disparities in childhood nutrition.
Effects of Adversity in the Agricultural Sector

No one likes adversity (except for those who believe they can out guess the contours of the economic system). Currently, the massive agricultural part of that system in this country is going through the third wrenching adjustment in a century.
Metabolic potentials of archaeal lineages resolved from metagenomes of deep Costa Rica sediments.

Numerous archaeal lineages are known to inhabit marine subsurface sediments, although their distributions, metabolic capacities, and interspecies interactions are still not well understood. Abundant and diverse archaea were recently reported in Costa Rica (CR) margin subseafloor sediments recovered during IODP Expedition 334. Here, we recover metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of archaea from the CR margin and compare them to their relatives from shallower settings. We describe 31 MAGs of six different archaeal lineages (Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota, Heimdallarchaeota, Bathyarcheota, Thermoplasmatales, and Hadesarchaea) and thoroughly analyze representative MAGs from the phyla Lokiarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota. Our analysis suggests the potential capability of Lokiarchaeota members to anaerobically degrade aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. We show it is genetically possible and energetically feasible for Lokiarchaeota to degrade benzoate if they associate with organisms using nitrate, nitrite, and sulfite as electron acceptors, which suggests a possibility of syntrophic relationships between Lokiarchaeota and nitrite and sulfite reducing bacteria. The novel Bathyarchaeota lineage possesses an incomplete methanogenesis pathway lacking the methyl coenzyme M reductase complex and encodes a noncanonical acetogenic pathway potentially coupling methylotrophy to acetogenesis via the methyl branch of Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. These metabolic characteristics suggest the potential of this Bathyarchaeota lineage to be a transition between methanogenic and acetogenic Bathyarchaeota lineages. This work expands our knowledge about the metabolic functional repertoire of marine benthic archaea.
Treatment Response Monitoring with Diffuse Optical Tomography-Based Multimodal Breast Imaging

We discuss various quantitative functional imaging markers derived from diffuse optical tomography, used either as a standalone system or in combination with other clinical breast imaging modalities, for treatment response monitoring in breast cancer patients.
A computational study of hydrogen bonding motifs in halide, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and tetraarylborate salts of chiral cationic ruthenium and cobalt guanidinobenzimidazole hydrogen bond donor catalysts; acceptor properties of the “BArf” anion

Abstract The chiral complexes [(η5-C5H5)Ru(CO)(GBI)]+ X− and mer-[Co(GBI)3]3+ 3X−, where GBI is the chelate ligand 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (H N =C(NHH′)NHC(NHR)= N R′), are effective hydrogen bond donor catalysts for a variety of organic reactions. Salts with X− = halide, BF4−, PF6− and BArf− (B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4−) are studied computationally as an initial step in rationalizing reactivity trends and enantioselectivities. A variety of cation/anion hydrogen bonding motifs are identified, some involving a dyad of synperiplanar NH linkages ( HN =C( NH H′)NHC(NHR)=NR′), and others (more stable) involving a triad (HN=C( N H H ′) NH C( NH R)=NR′). Within each series, the gas phase ΔG values follow the order Cl− (most negative ΔG)
Operational Flexibility or Portfolio Investment: Risk Management of US MNEs when Facing Risk of War

This paper examines how the risk of war aroused by North Korea’s threatening actions trigger strategic responses from U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in South Korea. While the opera...
l-Threonine Transaldolase Activity Is Enabled by a Persistent Catalytic Intermediate.

l-Threonine transaldolases (lTTAs) are a poorly characterized class of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of diverse β-hydroxy amino acids. Here, we study the catalytic mechanism of ObiH, an lTTA essential for biosynthesis of the β-lactone natural product obafluorin. Heterologously expressed ObiH purifies as a mixture of chemical states including a catalytically inactive form of the PLP cofactor. Photoexcitation of ObiH promotes the conversion of the inactive state of the enzyme to the active form. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis reveals that ObiH catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of l-threonine to form a remarkably persistent glycyl quinonoid intermediate, with a half-life of ∼3 h. Protonation of this intermediate is kinetically disfavored, enabling on-cycle reactivity with aldehydes to form β-hydroxy amino acids. We demonstrate the synthetic potential of ObiH via the single step synthesis of (2S,3R)-β-hydroxyleucine. To further understand the structural features underpinning this desirable reactivity, we determined the crystal structure of ObiH bound to PLP as the Schiff's base at 1.66 A resolution. This high-resolution model revealed a unique active site configuration wherein the evolutionarily conserved Asp that traditionally H-bonds to the cofactor is swapped for a neighboring Glu. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with mutagenesis studies indicate that a structural rearrangement is associated with l-threonine entry into the catalytic cycle. Together, these data explain the basis for the unique reactivity of lTTA enzymes and provide a foundation for future engineering and mechanistic analysis.
Colorectal cancer assessment using optical coherence tomography catheter and deep learning

In this study, we propose to combine miniaturized optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter with pattern recognition (PR) OCT for differentiation of normal from neoplastic colorectal tissue in real-time. The OCT catheter has a lateral resolution of 17.15 um and an axial resolution of 6 um. The PR-OCT system is trained by RetinaNet for pattern recognition tasks. Our method leverages the recent advancement in object detection, which localizes and classifies the diagnostic features at real-time, and the integration of an endoscopy, which promises future in vivo studies. According to our previous reports, a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.7% can be reached.
COVID-19, embarazo, vacunas y lactancia materna

Las mujeres embarazadas o en periodo de lactancia han sido excluidas de los ensayos clinicos sobre vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2, evitando asi la obtencion de datos solidos que permitan determinar la seguridad e inmunogenicidad de las vacunas en esta poblacion, a la vez que se han asociado peores resultados maternos – fetales. La evidencia acerca de la seguridad e inmunogenicidad en esta poblacion es limitada, en base a estudios observacionales, con pocos casos y en mujeres vacunadas con plataformas ARNm, en las cuales no se ha descrito por ahora una mayor asociacion a eventos adversos relacionados a vacunas, como tampoco, variaciones significativas en la respuesta inmunologica en comparacion a la poblacion no embarazada. Tambien existen datos que documentan la adquisicion de anticuerpos transplacentarios, considerandose de bajo riesgo la posibilidad de transmision vertical. Se hacen necesarios ensayos clinicos que permitan precisar recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para esta poblacion, en un contexto de utilizacion de emergencia de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2.
Some Special Analyses of Thoracic Protection in Side Impact

Upper Torso Injuries by the side interior surface of motor vehicles rank first in the injury categories for all non-ejected occupants of side damaged passenger cars in non-rollover accidents. In February 1982, a paper titled, "The Role of the Side of the Motor Vehicle in Crash Protection," Reference 1, discussed the state-of-knowledge in thoracic protection known at that time. This paper updates the state-of-knowledge in thoracic protection and offers an expansion of the analytical approach section of that paper. Occupant responses in full scale crash tests are compared with computer simulations of the crashes. Response of the occupant to variations in his clearance with the side door interior are also examined. It is concluded that thoracic injury level could possibly be reduced by proper choice of padding characteristics.
Catholicism and Gender

This article surveys the developing views of gender in Roman Catholic thought and practice. It includes New Testament thought, the era of the Fathers of the Church (AD 200–600), Medieval Latin Christianity, Counter-Reformation Catholicism, and Modern Catholicism through the Second Vatican Council to the pontificate of Benedict XVI.
Doppler‐Detected Valve Movement in Aortic Stenosis: A Predictor of Adverse Outcome

Background The absence of auscultatory aortic valve closure sound is associated with severe aortic stenosis. The absence of Doppler-derived aortic opening (Aop) or closing (Acl) may be a sign of advanced severe aortic stenosis. Hypothesis Absent Doppler-detected Aop or Acl transient is indicative of very severe aortic stenosis and is associated with adverse outcome. Methods A total of 118 consecutive patients with moderate (n = 63) or severe aortic stenosis (n = 55) were included. Aop and Acl signals were identified in a blinded fashion by continuous-wave Doppler. Patients with and without Aop and Acl were compared using χ2 test for dichotomous variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables. The associations of Aop and Acl with aortic valve replacement were determined. Results Aop or Acl were absent in 22 of 118 patients. The absence of Aop or Acl was associated with echocardiographic parameters of severe aortic stenosis. The absence of Aop or Acl was associated with incident aortic valve replacement (36.4% vs 7.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). Even in patients with aortic valve area <1 cm2, the absence of Aop or Acl was still associated with increased rate of aortic valve replacement (42.1% vs 13.9%, respectively, P = 0.019) and provided incremental predictive value over peak velocity. Conclusions In a typical population of patients with aortic stenosis, approximately 1 in 6 has no detectible aortic valve opening or closing Doppler signal. The absence of an Aop or Acl signal is a highly specific sign of severe aortic stenosis and is associated with incident aortic valve replacement.
Increasing Resource Utilization and Task Performance by Agent Cloning

Agents in a multi-agent system may face situations where tasks overload their computational capacities. Usually, this problem is solved by passing tasks to others or agent migration to remote hosts. We propose agent cloning as a more comprehensive approach to balancing local agent overloads. According to our paradigm, agents may clone, pass tasks to others, die or merge. We discuss the requirements of implementing a cloning mechanism and its benefits in a Multi-Agent System (MAS), and support our claims with simulation results.
Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Using Recombinant Inbred Intercrosses: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations

We describe a new approach, called recombinant inbred intercross (RIX) mapping, that extends the power of recombinant inbred (RI) lines to provide sensitive detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for complex genetic and nongenetic interactions. RIXs are generated by producing F1 hybrids between all or a subset of parental RI lines. By dramatically extending the number of unique, reproducible genomes, RIXs share some of the best properties of both the parental RI and F2 mapping panels. These attributes make the RIX method ideally suited for experiments requiring analysis of multiple parameters, under different environmental conditions and/or temporal sampling. However, since any pair of RIX genomes shares either one or no parental RIs, this cross introduces an unusual population structure requiring special computational approaches for analysis. Herein, we propose an efficient statistical procedure for QTL mapping with RIXs and describe a novel empirical permutation procedure to assess genome-wide significance. This procedure will also be applicable to diallel crosses. Extensive simulations using strain distribution patterns from CXB, AXB/BXA, and BXD mouse RI lines show the theoretical power of the RIX approach and the analysis of CXB RIXs demonstrates the limitations of this procedure when using small RI panels.
Prognostic value of cardiac troponin I re-elevation following percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Abstract Troponin I is a predictive marker of short- and intermediate-term adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). These high-risk patients may benefit from early percutaneous coronary intervention. However, whether additional myocardial injury, defined as postprocedural troponin I elevation, may be associated with adverse short- and intermediate-term outcomes has not been fully explored. Accordingly, we studied 132 consecutive patients with non–ST-elevation ACS (62% with non–Q-wave myocardial infarction) and elevated troponin I levels at admission (>0.15 ng/ml) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention ≥48 hours after admission. Troponin I levels were routinely measured at 6 and 18 to 24 hours after intervention and patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of troponin I re-elevation, defined as postprocedural troponin I levels >1 times the admission levels. In-hospital and cumulative 6-month clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Patients with troponin I re-elevation (n = 51) were older (68 ± 13 vs 64 ± 12 years, p = 0.05) and had experienced prior myocardial infarction more frequently (92.5 vs 82.1, p = 0.09), but otherwise had similar baseline clinical characteristics. Patients with troponin I re-elevation had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (9.8% vs 0%, p = 0.016) and a higher 6-month cumulative death rate (24% vs 3.7%, p = 0.001). There was a trend for an increased 6-month myocardial infarction rate in patients with troponin I re-elevation (13.7% vs 3.7%, p = 0.11) and target vessel revascularization was similar between groups (16.7% vs 17.4%, p = 0.92). By multivariate analysis, troponin I re-elevation (odds ratio [OR] 6.2, p = 0.011) and diabetes mellitus (OR 5.7, p = 0.014) were the strongest independent predictors for increased 6-month cumulative mortality, whereas creatine kinase MB-fraction re-elevation had no prognostic value. We conclude that troponin I re-elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk patients with ACS is associated with a substantial increase in mortality and reduced event-free survival at 6-month follow-up.
Vibrational spectrum of bicyclo[1.1.1] pentane

Abstract The i.r. and Raman spectra of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane and of two of its deuterium labeled derivatives are presented. Vibrational assignments have been made and a normal coordinate analysis has been carried out using a valence force field. The resulting force constants are compared with those for cyclobutane and related molecules.
On the bulk distribution functions and fluctuation theorems

A new integral relation linking the bulk distribution functions of a one phase fluid is given. It is related to the Ornstein–Zernike compressibility formula, which is also discussed and generalized. In addition, an expression is found for the probability that a region of volume V in an infinite system of given density and temperature contains exactly N particles. This enables the fluctuation–compressibility relation and its generalization to be calculated, without the use of the grand canonical ensemble.
Assessment of Electrical Charge on Airborne Microorganisms by a New Bioaerosol Sampling Method

Bioaerosol sampling is necessary to monitor and control human exposure to harmful airborne microorganisms. An important parameter affecting the collection of airborne microorganisms is the electrical charge on the microorganisms. Using a new design of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for bioaerosol sampling, the polarity and relative strength of the electrical charges on airborne microorganisms were determined in several laboratory and field environments by measuring the overall physical collection efficiency and the biological collection efficiency at specific precipitation voltages and polarities. First, bacteria, fungal spores, and dust dispersed from soiled carpets were sampled in a walk-in test chamber. Second, a simulant of anthrax-causing Bacillus anthracis spores was dispersed and sampled in the same chamber. Third, bacteria were sampled in a small office while four adults were engaged in lively discussions. Fourth, bacteria and fungal spores released from hay and horse manure were sampled in a...
Symmetry-breaking fixed points in the two-dimensional planar model.

Perturbative fixed points and critical behavior are found for the planar model with symmetry-breaking interactions. These interactions favor p directions for the planar spin. The expansion parameter is \ensuremath{\surd}\ensuremath{\epsilon} , where \ensuremath{\epsilon}=(p-4)/4. .AE
Fabrication Technology And Applications Of Zone Plates

The focusing properties of zone plates have a long history spanning over a century. The fabrication technology has continually improved and has made significant advances in the last decade so that zone plates now can be fabricated with the smallest zone widths of several tens of manometers and near diffraction limited performance. For applications such as x-ray microscopy, these high resolution zone plates allow the possibility of observing biological samples in a natural, i.e. wet, environment with resolution an order of magnitude better than optical microscopy. In addition to microscopy, zone plates are critical to many x-ray applications where the focusing, imaging, and dispersive properties can be put to use. The key challenges for making better zone plates are to improve the efficiency and resolution while maintaining comfortable working distances and extend the wavelength range available. In order to meet these challenges, refinements in zone plate fabrication technology, better line placement distortion measurement/control techniques, and new processing ideas are under development.
Microdisk laser structures formed in III–V nitride epilayers

Abstract Several kinds of nitride-based micro-resonators have been fabricated. Firstly, a microdisk laser structure comprising three InGaN GaN quantum wells on a thick AlN buffer has been grown by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy and fabricated using a combination of non-selective Cl2/CH4/H2/Ar dry etching and selective KOH-based wet etching of the AlN. These structures are of potential use in short wavelength photonic or optoelectronic circuits. In a second structure Er was implanted into a GaN layer to produce strong emission at 1.54 μm. Similar results have been obtained in Er-implanted AlN, and AlN doped during epitaxial growth.
Identification of a CD4+ T Cell Epitope within the M Protein of a Neurotropic Coronavirus

A significant CD4+ T cell response against the transmembrane (M) protein can be detected in the spleens of C57Bl/6 mice infected intraperitoneally with a sublethal injection of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-JHM), but not in those of mice with the chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis caused by this virus. With the ultimate goal of determining the role of the M-specific response in the pathogenesis of MHV-JHM-induced neurological diseases, CD4+ T cell epitopes within the M protein were identified using vaccinia virus recombinants expressing truncated forms of the protein and peptides spanning most of the M protein in cell proliferation assays. Peptides covering residues 128-147 contain at least one CD4+ T cell epitope for MHV-JHM. Within this region is a sequence (residues 135-143) which matches the recently described MHC class II I-Ab binding motif. Delineation of this epitope should facilitate analysis of the role of the M-specific CD4+ T cell response in the development of acute and chronic neurological infections caused by MHV-JHM.
Inductosyn Angle Measurement Method Based on the Pulse Subdivision

For the inductosyn angle measuring system axial angle digital converter integral loop and the VCO linear range restricted problem of tracking speed and control voltage, angle measurement system has been developed, the angle measurement system based on time subdivision method. The system mainly consists of rotary table, excitation power, signal pick-up circuit, FPGA control module, display module, and serial communications modules and host computer. FPGA is used as control core in the angle measuring system, and the high-speed FPGA signal processing has satisfied the measurement requirements. Induction signal is subdivided by high-frequency clock pulse. Angle measuring system has achieved angle measurement and communication functions. The experimental results show that the angle measurement system accuracy is ±3".
An empirical study of Freud's penis-baby equation

One hypothesis of traditional psychoanalytic theory holds that a cardinal aspect of the "natural" development of femininity involves the woman's substitution of the wish for a baby in place of her original wish for a penis. The current study modified and extended earlier research examining the validity of Freud's this "penis-baby" theory. College-aged women and men were presented with either subliminal or supraliminal auditory messages concerned with either pregnancy or penetration themes. Subjects' written responses to Holtzman ink-blots, obtained both before and after exposure to an auditory message, were content-coded for phallic imagery and sexual imagery. Consistent with Freud's speculations about the phallic significance of pregnancy for women, female subjects who were exposed to the subliminal pregnancy message produced significantly more phallic imagery responses to ink-blots than did women in any of the other experimental conditions (p < .01). The phallic imagery production of males did not vary significantly as a function of message condition. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of modern revisions to Freud's psychology of women and the current psychoanalytic conceptualization of penis envy as a highly condensed mental product with many layers of meaning.
Remember the lessons of past clinical trials abuses

With vulnerable people increasingly being targeted for clinical research, their interests must be safeguarded, says Osagie K. Obasogie
Self‐Esteem and Foreign Language Learning edited by RUBIO, FERNANDO

The article reviews the book "Self-Esteem and Foreign Language Learning," edited by Fernando Rubio.
SCALING OF CAVITATION DAMAGE

This investigation has focused on the initial stages of cavitation erosion using a ductile material in a flowing system employing water as the working fluid. The test models were 0.25-in. (0.635-cm)-diam zero-caliber ogives made of pure annealed aluminum. The damage was in the form of small round depressions in the model surface. In the formation of these pits, there was no material removal. For a range of velocities from 49 to 195 fps (14.9 to 59.3 m/sec), the pitting rate increased by approximately the sixth power of velocity. The average volume of the cavitation damage pits increased by the fifth power of velocity. A relationship between the volume of a pit and the absorbed bubble collapse energy was developed. The rate of total bubble collapse energy absorbed by the model then increases by the eleventh power of velocity. A plot of the distribution of absorbed collapse energies was generated for three flow conditions. The effect of cavitation number and air content of the working fluid were also major areas of investigation. A high-speed motion-picture study of cavity dynamics was undertaken to understand better some of the processes involved in cavitation damage. Lastly, the results of this study were compared with those of previous investigations of cavitation erosion.
Evaluating and predicting n-fatty acid properties

Two types of equation, one correlating properties (P) with number of n-fatty acid carbons (Nc) and the other correlating properties of individual acids with temperature (t,C), were developed and used to evaluate and predict properties of the n-fatty acids. Equations correlating n-fatty acid properties with number of carbons are reported for freezing points, melting points, boiling points, densities, molar volumes, refractivities, dielectric constants, dipole moments, surface tensions and solubility parameters. Equations also are reported that correlate n-fatty acid properties with temperature.
P-selectin-coated microtube for the purification of CD45+ hematopoietic cells directly from human peripheral blood.

Abstract Purified samples of CD45+ hematopoietic cells are a prerequisite for chimerism analysis in transplantation therapies, and are useful in various research and clinical settings such as functional and molecular analysis or disease diagnosis. Recently, we have established a flow-based adhesion molecule-dependent process for the purification of these cells from human bone marrow. However, for practical purposes, it is desirable to apply this approach to process small volumes of human blood. CD45+ cell purities were > 94% when PBMNCs and plasma depleted blood were perfused through P-selectin coated microtubes. However, P-selectin surface failed to capture CD45+ cells when fresh blood prior to washing was perfused. The process requires a pre-step of plasma removal which otherwise inhibits interactions of cell surface PSGL-1 with immobilized P-selectin due to the presence of soluble PSGL-1 in plasma. We conclude that P-selectin can be used in a compact flow device to isolate and purify CD45+ cells directly from human peripheral blood. The process is simple, rapid, cost effective and represents a physiologic approach to the capture and purification of CD45+ MNCs from peripheral blood.
Recent advances in the protoplast biology of flower crops

Abstract Gene transfer offers important opportunities to develop new plant forms, with characteristics that may not be transmitted easily by normal sexual hybridization within a species, or may not be possible in distantly related species. One of the major obstacles to applying genetic engineering technology to practical plant improvement is the use of suitable procedures for the regeneration of genetically engineered cells into whole plants. This paper reviews the current state of the art in protoplast regeneration of flower crops. The literature on protoplast culture, regeneration into whole plasts, basic biology and genetic manipulation was reviewed from 1979 to 1986. Most of the work concentrated on the Petunia and Nicotiana genera. To date, 47 different flower species have been regenerated from protoplasts to whole plants.
Banana Diplomacy: The Making of American Policy in Nicaragua, 1981-1987

Banana Diplomacy: The Making of American Policy in Nicaragua, 1981-1987. ROY GUTMAN. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. 404 pp. $19.95 (cloth), $9.95 (paper). ISBN 0-671-60626-3, ISBN 0-671-68294-6
Sources of structural change in the Washington economy

This paper analyzes changes in the structure of the Washington economy from 1963 to 1982. The empirical model utilizes data from the Washington state input-output tables for 1963 and for 1982. The model accounts for output change from a demand side perspective. Special attention is given to market diversification and the role of markets at the state, national and international levels in explaining real growth in given sector. Taking the service-producing sectors in Washington as an example, 48% of the real output change in the service sectors was associated with demand change from foreign and rest of the US sources, while 52% of service output change was associated with Washington intermediate and final demand variables. The implication is that important elements of Washington service-producing sectors are driven by demand exogenous to Washington and should properly be considered a part of Washington's economic base.
Studies on the neuropharmacology of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and a new TRH analog

Abstract TRH and a new TRH analog (all L-pyro-2-aminoadipyl-histidyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide, MK-771) have been compared with several other peptides for their “analeptic” activity and their ability of enhance the excitatory actions of microiontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh) on cerebral cortical neurons of rats. TRH and MK-771 offset the narcosis induced by pentobarbital in mice, whereas the C-terminal free acid derived from TRH, melanostatin, somatostatin and pyroglutamyl-histidineamide have been found inactive. Similarly, of these peptides only TRH and MK-771 induced a tremor of the forepaws in pentobarbital-anesthetized mice. Employing comparable ejection currents and durations, only TRH and MK-771, applied by microiontophoresis, enhanced the excitatory actions of ACh on spontaneously active cortical neurons in anesthetized rats. Based on these findings and other recent data, it is suggested that the interactions of TRH and MK-771 with cholinergic mechanisms may underlie some of the actions, including their anti-anesthetic effects, of these peptides.
Grain-size dependence of the flow stress of Cu from millimeters to nanometers

Data in the literature on the effect of grain size (d) from millimeters to nanometers on the flow stress of Cu are evaluated. Three grain-size regimes are identified: regime I, d>∼10−6 m; regime II, d ≈10−8 to 10−6 m; and regime III, d<∼10−8 m. Grain-size hardening occurs in regimes I and II; grain-size softening occurs in regime III. The deformation structure in regime I consists of dislocation cells; in regime II, the dislocations are mostly restricted to their slip planes; in regime III, computer simulations indicate that dislocations are absent and that deformation occurs by the shearing of grain-boundary atoms. The transition from regime I to II occurs when the dislocation cell size becomes larger than the grain size, and the transition from regime II to III occurs when the dislocation spacing due to elastic interactions becomes larger than the grain size. The rate-controlling mechanism in regime I is concluded to be the intersection of dislocations; in regime II, it is proposed to be grain-boundary shear promoted by the pileup of dislocations; in regime III, it appears to be grain-boundary shear by the applied stress alone.
Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a binary electrolyte in a concentric annulus

We study theoretically magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) motion of a binary electrolyte in a concentric annulus subjected to a uniform, axial magnetic field. The annulus’ cylindrical surfaces serve as electrodes. When a potential difference is imposed across the cylindrical electrodes, radial electric current flows in the solution and interacts with the axial magnetic field to induce a Lorentz body force that drives azimuthal fluid flow. When the annulus is infinitely long, a purely azimuthal flow (analogous to the classical Dean flow) is possible. We determine the velocity profile, ion concentration fields, and current density as functions of the electrodes’ potential difference and study the linear stability of the azimuthal flow. Of particular interest is the effect of the ions’ concentration fields on the centrifugal Dean instability. When the current is directed outwardly, electrochemical effects destabilize the flow, and the MHD flow loses stability at a Dean number much lower than its analogous, pressure d...
Solid-state precipitation of stable and metastable layered compounds in thermoelectric AgSbTe2

The precipitation of Sb2Te3 in Sb-rich AgSbTe2 is studied by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The results indicate that Sb2Te3 does not form directly, but rather through the precipitation of an intermediate metastable phase. Diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicate that this intermediate phase has a nominal composition (Ag,Sb)3Te4 and a structure with a seven-layer stacking sequence rather than a five-layer one as in Sb2Te3. Two mechanisms based on experimental observations are proposed for the conversion of (Sb,Ag)3Te4 to Sb2Te3: evaporation–condensation and individual step motion. The microstructural evolution and mechanisms of the transformation are discussed in detail.
In vivo and in vitro analyses of amygdalar function reveal a role for copper

Mice with a single copy of the peptide amidating monooxygenase (Pam) gene (PAM+/−) are impaired in contextual and cued fear conditioning. These abnormalities coincide with deficient long-term poten...