cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodeoxygenation of oxidized distilled bio-oil for the production of gasoline fuel type

Abstract Distilled and oxidized distilled bio-oils were subjected to 1st-stage mild hydrodeoxygenation and 2nd-stage full hydrodeoxygenation using nickel/silica–alumina catalyst as a means to enhance hydrocarbon yield. Raw bio-oil was treated for hydrodeoxygenation as a control to which to compare study treatments. Following two-stage hydrodeoxygenation, four types of hydrocarbons were mainly comprised of gasoline and had water contents, oxygen contents and total acid numbers of nearly zero and higher heating values of 44–45 MJ/kg. Total hydrocarbon yields for raw bio-oil, oxidized raw bio-oil, distilled bio-oil and oxidized distilled bio-oil were 11.6, 16.2, 12.9 and 20.5 wt.%, respectively. The results indicated that oxidation had the most influence on increasing the yield of gasoline fuel type followed by distillation. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry characterization showed that 66.0–76.6% of aliphatic hydrocarbons and 19.5–31.6% of aromatic hydrocarbons were the main products for oxidized bio-oils while 35.5–38.7% of aliphatic hydrocarbons and 58.2–63.1% of aromatic hydrocarbons were the main products for non-oxidized bio-oils. Both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are important components for liquid transportation fuels and chemical products.
147. Does Health Literacy Predict Medication Adherence in Adolescents? Exploring Teens and the Measures

American, 46.8% Latino; 70.9% haveMedicaid; 65.3% have household income $25,000. Adolescents made up 17.8% (n 127) of the CAI population. Adolescents showed similar positive outcomes to children at 12 months post-enrollment: reductions in hospitalizations (73.7% in adolescents vs. 80.8% in children; both p 0.001), ED visits (65.5% vs. 64%; both p 0.001), missed school days (40.6% vs. 41.4%; both p 0.001), and missed work days (48% vs. 45%; both p 0.001). These reductions were not statistically significantly different between the two age groups. The reduction in limitation of physical activity (45.8% vs. 27.6%; p 0.099 vs. p 0.003) was greater for children. The risk of limitation of physical activity was two times greater (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.69) for children compared to adolescents at 12 months post-enrollment. GIS mapping showed the majority of patients live in the poorest neighborhoods of Boston, and the distance from the hospital was not significantly different for the two groups (2.46 miles 2.82 for adolescents, 2.21 miles 1.51 for children; p 0.16). The ROI was 1.46 (benefits/program cost) and the SROI is 1.73 including Quality of Life (QOL) measures. Conclusions: CAI reductions in hospitalizations, ED visits, and QOL indicators were similar for adolescents and children. GIS Mapping shows overlap with areas of greatest poverty and no significant differences for adolescents and children. This model of asthma care has generated information to develop policy advocacy efforts to improve services and financing of enhanced asthma care. Sources of Support: This program is supported in part by CDC REACH US #1U58DP001055-01, Healthy Tomorrows #H17MC06705 and #H17MC21564, and LEAH #T71MC00009, MCHB, and HRSA.
Population Studies of the Ant Myrmica Schencki Ssp. Emeryana Forel

Social insects offer certain advantages for population studies not found in other animals. They form a definite population unit, the colony, which is composed of distinct types of individuals: workers, males, and females. Developmental stages: eggs, larvae, and pupae, are also distinct enough so that they may be placed in separate age groups. They build characteristic nests, which are an expression of the instincts of the colony; and individual activities, such as foraging, building, and caring for brood, are all cooperative labors centering about colony maintenance. More than with other animals each individual of a colony is merely a cog in the population unit.
Bereaved Mothers Navigating the Impact of Their Loss

Nineteen mothers whose children had died were interviewed to examine their bereavement and how they were coping with the loss of their children. The data collected revealed that the mothers were tr...
Seal of almond shells and resistance to navel orangeworm

Shell seal quality was a factor in the resistance of almond cultivars to Paramyelois transitella (Walker). A device which measures leakage rate of air, under controlled pressure, through almond shells provided data that correlate with susceptibility to infestation of almonds by the navel orangeworm.
Observations on Impermeability of Guinea Pig Placenta to the Foreign Protein Ricin, a Phytotoxin

ConclusionsAlthough certain protein-like substances have been found to traverse the placenta, it seems that our experiments demonstrate that the guinea pig placenta is not permeable to the toxic protein ricin.
The influence of hypophysectomy on the stores of somatostatin in the hypothalamuu and pituitary stem.

SummaryTwenty-eight to 133 days after hypophysectomy of the rat, somatostatin as revealed immunocytochemically was depleted from all segments of the median eminence and from the proximal part of the infundibular stem. A consistent change in the store of somatostatin in the OVLT could not be demonstrated.
Revisiting the Contributions of African-American Scientists to ASM

Exactly 10 years ago, an article appeared in ASM News that addressed the early contributions of American-born blacks to the microbiological sciences (ASM News, February 1997, p. 77–82). The 1997 article was the first of its kind; and while others previously had penned a variety of narratives that included articles, chapters, and books on the contributions of African-American scientists, none had focused on microbiologists. This follow-up to the 1997 article will primarily focus on subsequent contributions by African-American microbiologists with specific emphasis on their contributions to ASM. As the Society recognizes Black History Month in February, it is appropriate that this group's contributions be highlighted in Microbe.
Treatment of dysmenorrhea

Abstract A double blind comparative study between (1) Dialog and Edrisal and (2) Dialog and Darvon was carried out to determine the relative effectiveness of these three medications on several prominent symptoms of dysmenorrhea. The results of this comparison are discussed in detail.
The Role of Gender in Entrepreneurial Leadership Skills Training

In recent years, the number of women-owned firms has expand-ed at 1Â½ times the rate of U. S. businesses overall. But given this impressive trend, women-owned businesses still generate fewer profits and revenues than businesses owned by men, and employ fewer people than male-owned firms. Prior research has offered several explanations for this trend including lower self-efficacy among women, type of firms owned by women, choice of industry in which they operate, work-life balance is-sues for women, and limited networks. A growing body of liter-ature also suggests that in order to establish sustainable and growth oriented ventures, entrepreneurs must develop and uti-lize leadership skills. Yet, little research has been conducted to investigate whether these skills develop the same way for both genders when using traditional and technologically-driven ap-proaches. In this research, we grapple with the challenge of how to effectively develop entrepreneurial leadership competen-cies among women. Using a quasi-experimental design, we empirically test the relationship, based on gender, between ped-agogy style and perceived leadership effectiveness. The results suggest that the use of game-based simulations that emphasize role play may be particularly valuable for improving the per-ceived effectiveness of women entrepreneurs.
Rise of Islamic Literature between Fact and Fiction

The Islamic literature does not take its proper place among the world arts as one of the significant areas of research. Islamism does not spring up as a tool of literary criticism worthy of studying and writing about. Many studies need to be done on the Islamic literature to highlight this sort of literature and culture. Critics may not give sufficient concern for the Islamic literature and they have not been encouraged to go deeply into the literary works of the writers who classify themselves Islamic writers. This article attempts to set a place for the Islamic literature and traces the first attempts and origins of this sort of literature. It introduces a number of Islamic critics who are interested in this area of the Islamic literature. The main argument is how the Islamic critics define and present what they claim to be Islamic literature and Islamic theory in their writings in general and literary writings in particular. The results indicated that the Islamic critics attempt to put the foundations of this new literature but their efforts do not show sufficient concern with the Islamic literature and the literary works of the Islamic literature do not get sufficient study and research.
Calculation of the substitutional fraction of ion-implanted He in an α-Fe target

Abstract Ion-implantation is a useful technique to study irradiation damage in nuclear materials. To study He effects in nuclear fusion conditions, He is co-implanted with damage ions to reproduce the correct He/dpa ratios in the desired or available depth range. However, the short-term fate of these He ions, i.e. over the time scales of their own collisional phase, has not been yet unequivocally established. Here we present a computational study of the short-term evolution of He implantation in an Fe substrate at 700 K to approximate the conditions encountered in dual ion-implantation studies in ferritic materials. Using a combination of SRIM, molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC), we calculate the fraction of He atoms that end up in substitutional sites shortly after implantation, i.e. before they contribute to long-term microstructural evolution. We find that fractions of at most 3% should be expected for most implantation studies. Additionally, to inform the kMC calculations, we carry out an exhaustive calculation of interstitial He migration energy barriers in the vicinity of matrix vacancies and find that they vary from approximately 20–60 meV depending on the separation and orientation of the He-vacancy pair.
The Philosophy of Human Evolution: Real science? Good science?

I want now to look at the related (philosophical) questions of whether with Darwinian evolutionary theory we are looking at genuine science and, if so, at good science. Without feeling obliged to keep the two parts of the discussion totally separate, I start with the general picture and then turn more specifically to the human picture. Darwinian theory as science (laws) The Creationists deny that we are dealing with genuine science. They say that Darwinism is “just a theory not a fact,” but of course they think it is at best a false theory and truly not even a real theory at all. However, as many have pointed out, there is an ambiguity at work here. There are two senses of the word “theory.” In the one sense, we are talking about a body of laws, put together to explain some part of experience. Plate tectonics is a theory in this sense. In another sense, we are talking about an iffy hypothesis, as in: “I have a theory about Kennedy’s assassination.” Plate tectonics is certainly not a theory in this sense. It is a true claim about the world. Continents do rest on big flat areas of rock that slide around the globe.
Prediction of multipactor breakdown threshold for angled dielectric gaps

Multipactor breakdown is a resonant electron phenomena that is observed in spacecraft RF systems. While multipactor breakdown thresholds are well documented for parallel metal surfaces, susceptible breakdown geometries in passive RF components frequently deviate from this ideal parallel-plate geometry. A common feature of concern is an angled or chamfered edges placed on dielectrics inside RF components. Using a 3D electromagnetic tool coupled with an electron tracking tool, a simplified angled gap geometry is analyzed. The breakdown threshold increase from a parallel gap to an angle gap is calculated and discussed. The analysis results will be compared with laboratory measurements to demonstrate the applicability of this analysis technique.
Plug-and-play sensor platform for legacy industrial machine monitoring

In this paper, we describe a plug-and-play sensor platform for legacy industrial machine pervasive monitoring, which was designed, developed and implemented in one of GE's manufacturing facilities. The presented solution is a low cost, small footprint method for real-time visibility into auxiliary equipment critical to manufacturing operations. The solution was largely enabled by low cost wireless sensors and open source edge-devices and software. Specifically, the hardware consists of sensor nodes that monitor the machines status, and a gateway unit that connects these nodes with command and control in the cloud. Benefits of the presented sensor platform include enhanced productivity, improved energy efficiency and reduced costs by enabling manufacturers to rapidly gain new knowledge and insights into their operations through real-time visibility of critical equipment health.
Simplified Determination of Radioactive Decay Factors

A quick and simple method of obtaining radioactive decay factors using a log-log slide rule is described and illustrative examples are presented.
The Overarching Legal Fiction: 'Justice Must Satisfy the Appearance of Justice'

In 1924, Lord Hewart famously commented “it is of fundamental importance that justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done.” Lord Hewart considered his catch-phrase aspirational rather than mandatory. In that same year, Chief Justice William H. Taft, the primary drafter of the first ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct, made sure that the Model Code held to the theme that judges must do justice and appear to do justice. But Taft also recognized the Code’s hortatory nature. In 1954, Justice Felix Frankfurter, borrowing from Lord Hewart, suggested that “justice must satisfy the appearance of justice.” Like Lord Hewart and Chief Justice Taft, Justice Frankfurter considered the adage aspirational. With an assist from the Watergate scandal, this aspirational advice turned into a rule of law. The 1972 ABA Code of Judicial Conduct mandated that the judiciary avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety. Some Supreme Court justices, including Justice John Harlan, put the appearance of justice at the core of the Due Process Clause. Lower courts quickly fell in line elevating what was intended as a suggestion to a component of due process. Unlike most legal fictions, “justice must satisfy the appearance of justice,” affects every court proceeding and every litigant. To justify its existence, the axiom is said to enhance public confidence in the legal system. But how can the appearance of justice apothegm improve public trust when it promises something impossible to deliver? The general public suffers example after example of the false nature of the promise. Judges who receive campaign contributions from lawyers and litigants may remain impartial but cannot appear impartial. Similarly, the appearance of justice evaporates whenever a pro se litigant faces an attorney in court. The “justice must satisfy the appearance of justice” fiction damages rather than enhances public confidence in the fairness of the legal system. Until returned to its aspirational beginnings, the impossible standard will remain a fatally flawed legal fiction.
Short-term morbidity after the endoscopic modified Lothrop (Draf-III) procedure compared with Draf-IIa.

BACKGROUND The endoscopic modified Lothrop (Draf-III) surgery has improved treatment of recalcitrant frontal sinus disease, with favorable safety and long-term results. However, the short-term clinical and quality-of-life morbidity after Draf-III relative to less-extensive procedures has yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the surgical and quality-of-life outcomes, including the burden of follow-up care, in patients who underwent endoscopic modified Lothrop (Draf-III), and compared these results with a less-extensive intervention, the endoscopic frontal sinusotomy (Draf-IIa). METHODS A retrospective review of early (<8 weeks) postoperative recovery of patients who underwent Draf-III (2014 to 2016) for chronic rhinosinusitis was conducted and compared with age and radiographically matched Draf-IIa controls. Primary outcomes included perioperative complications, the number of postoperative clinic visits, debridements, and steroid and antibiotic therapy days. Secondary outcomes included the change in the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores and/or subscores (domains). RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (19 Draf-III, 19 Draf-IIa) were included. Patients who underwent Draf-III versus Draf-IIa required more postoperative clinic visits (4.9 ± 1.7 versus 3.3 ± 0.8; p < 0.05), debridements (4.2 ± 2.0 versus 2.3 ± 0.8; p < 0.05), and antibiotic therapy days (24.4 ± 11.8 versus 15.6 ± 6.3; p < 0.05). The mean (SD) SNOT-22 scores improved for both groups (-12.7 ± 34.5 versus -9.5 ± 20.4; p = 0.74) over the follow-up period, and subscore (domain) analysis demonstrated worsening extranasal symptoms (2.5 ± 3.0 versus -1.5 ± 4.7; p < 0.05) at the first postoperative visit, and less improvement in ear/facial symptoms at the second (-0.5 ± 2.6 versus -3.9 ± 4.7; p = 0.03) and third postoperative visits (-1.1 ± 1.6 versus 3.5 ± 3.3; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Draf-III is associated with more postoperative clinic visits, debridements, and antibiotic therapy days. The patients who underwent Draf-III demonstrated worsening of extranasal symptoms at the first postoperative visit and less improvement in the ear/facial score at the second and third visits. Informed consent and counseling patients who may require Draf-III should include a detailed discussion of the burden of postoperative care and recovery.
SSAT State-of-the-Art Conference: Current Surgical Management of Gastric Tumors

The current era of gastric surgery is marked by low morbidity and mortality rates, innovative strategies to approach resections with a minimally invasive fashion or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), as well as improved understanding of the biology of sporadic and hereditary stromal, neuroendocrine, and epithelial malignancies. In 2017, the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract convened a State-of-the-Art Conference on Current Surgical Management of Gastric Tumors with both international experts and emerging leaders in the field of gastric surgery. Martin D. McCarter, MD of the University of Colorado discussed the current management of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Kaitlyn J. Kelly, MD of the University of California, San Diego discussed the management of gastric carcinoid tumors. Jeffrey A. Norton of Stanford University discussed recent advances in the management of gastric adenocarcinoma including a focus on hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Joseph Kim, MD of Stony Brook University discussed a systematic approach to minimally invasive gastrectomy for cancer. Joyce Wong, MD of Pennsylvania State University discussed the role for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC for gastric adenocarcinoma. This review provides gastrointestinal surgeons with a concise update on the current surgical management of gastric tumors.
Ethics, Responsibility and Social Patterning of Risky Health Behaviors

Debates over individual responsibility for health outcomes are nothing new in American society. Historian Howard Leichter observes that “[t]he 20th century began and ended with many of the nation’s health policymakers and opinion shapers blaming individuals for their own ill health.” If, for example, individuals have knowingly behaved in ways that damage their own health, it is unclear what obligation society owes that individual to meliorate the resulting bad health outcomes.
Differential Diagnosis in a Patient Presenting With Both Systemic and Neuromusculoskeletal Pathology: Resident's Case Problem

Study Design Resident's case problem. Background Patients presenting with multiple symptomatic areas pose a diagnostic challenge for the physical therapist. Though musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal symptoms typically present separately, they can occur simultaneously and mimic each other. Consequently, the ability to differentiate between musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal symptoms is an important skill for physical therapists. The purpose of this resident's case problem was to describe the clinical-reasoning process leading to medical and physical therapy management of a patient presenting with upper and lower back pain, bilateral radiating arm and leg pain, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis The patient was a 30-year-old woman referred to physical therapy for upper and lower back pain. A detailed history and thorough examination revealed that the patient had signs and symptoms consistent with a possible abdominal aortic aneurysm. She was referred for medical management and was diagnosed with symptomatic cholelithiasis. She subsequently had a cholecystectomy, which ultimately resolved her abdominal pain and reduced her pain in other areas significantly. Although many of her symptoms resolved postoperatively, her pain in other areas remained and was potentially musculoskeletal in origin. Following re-evaluation and 3 physical therapy treatments over a 2-month period, she was relatively symptom free at discharge and had achieved all functional rehabilitation goals. Discussion This resident's case problem provides an opportunity to discuss the differential diagnosis, clinical reasoning, and outcome of a patient who presented with both systemic and neuromusculoskeletal pathology. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(6):496-503. Epub 6 Feb 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7652.
Immunization education for internal medicine residents: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Purpose The aims of this study are to evaluate the impact of a novel immunization curriculum based on the Preferred Cognitive Styles and Decision Making Model (PCSDM) on internal medicine (IM) resident continuity clinic patient panel immunization rates, as well as resident immunization knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial was performed among 143 IM residents at Mayo Clinic to evaluate the PCSDM curriculum plus fact-based immunization curriculum (intervention) compared to fact-based immunization curriculum alone (control) on the outcomes of resident continuity clinic patient panel immunization rates for influenza, pneumococcal, tetanus, pertussis, and zoster vaccines. Pre-study and post-study immunization KAP surveys were administered to IM residents. Results Ninety-nine residents participated in the study. Eighty-two residents completed pre-study and post-study surveys. Influenza and pertussis immunization rates improved for both intervention and control groups. There was no significant difference in immunization rate improvement between the groups. Influenza immunization rates improved significantly by 33.4% and 32.3% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The odds of receiving influenza immunization at the end of the study relative to pre-study for the entire study cohort was 4.6 (p Conclusions Fact-based immunization education was useful in improving IM resident immunization rates for influenza and pertussis. The PCSDM immunization curriculum did not lead to increases in immunization rates compared with the fact-based curriculum, but it did significantly increase resident confidence in communicating with patients about vaccines.
Cardiovascular biomarkers in the years following pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders or delivered preterm.

Abstract Background Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and dyslipidemia may link pregnancy outcomes with CVD. Objective We evaluated whether women with a history of HDP or normotensive preterm delivery had adverse CVD biomarker profiles after pregnancy. Study design We identified parous women from the Nurses’ Health Study II with C-reactive protein (CRP; n = 2614), interleukin-6 (IL-6; n = 2490), glycated hemoglobin (n = 885), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (n = 1231), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (n = 931), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (n = 931), triglycerides (n = 1428), or total cholesterol (n = 2940) assessed in stored blood samples. Multivariable-adjusted robust linear regression models evaluated percent differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in each biomarker associated with a history of HDP or preterm delivery. Results Ten percent of women had a history of HDP, while 11% with normotensive pregnancies had at least one preterm delivery. Median time from first pregnancy to blood draw was 17 years (interquartile range: 12, 22). Plasma levels of CRP and IL-6 were 34.4% (95% CI: 17.2, 54.1), and 11.6% higher (95% CI: 2.1, 21.9) respectively, among women with a history of HDP compared to those with only normotensive pregnancies. Altered CVD biomarker levels were otherwise not present in women with a history of HDP or preterm delivery. Conclusion CRP and IL-6, but not other CVD biomarkers, were elevated in women with a history of HDP in the years following pregnancy, suggesting inflammation may be a pathway linking HDP with future CVD risk.
Computers and Probability

As we have seen in the previous chapter, a modern computer with a good random number generator allows you to do simulations and Monte Carlo calculations, and in so doing enables you to see many of the fundamental laws of probability in action. Lots of the results in probability, such as the Law of Large Numbers, require a large number of trials before something nice happens. With the computer, we can simulate a large number of trials in a very short time, so we should be able to test out our results and even perhaps discover new ones by playing around with probability and the computer. In this chapter, we want to do a little of this, so some familiarity with a personal computer and a programming language will be assumed. We are going to write some elementary algorithms for simulation and Monte Carlo procedures illustrating examples discussed in preceding chapters. An algorithm is just a step-by-step description of the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps. We are going to write the algorithm in pseudocode, that is, ordinary English. To get these algorithms to produce output on a computer, you will have to translate the pseudocode into a computer language you are familiar with. I used a language called QBASIC, a version of the well-known programming language BASIC. The execution time of the programs derived from the algorithms given below will depend on a variety of factors, for example, the number of trials requested and the power of your computer.
General Principles and Practices of Perioperative Medicine

This chapter reviews the principles and practices pertaining to the preoperative medical consultation. The evaluation of a patient’s suitability to undergo surgery should be approached in a systematic fashion. The chapter also presents a stepwise method for the preoperative assessment beginning with the ascertainment of the presence, severity, and degree of control of all comorbid conditions, their subsequent optimization, after which an assessment of risk can be made. Preventive measures and patient education are subsequent steps in the preparation of a patient for surgery.
SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES ON SELF-HANDICAPPING

Recently I went bowling for the first time in 10 years. There was a reason for my long absence from the alleys. The last time I had spent an evening trying to roll the ball toward the pins, it had perversely clung to the gutters, resulting in an abysmal score that amused by companions. Not finding this especially enjoyable, I abandoned bowling and spent the next decade developing other aspects of myself. On this particular evening, however, a new set of friends persuaded me to join them, and I found myself once again facing the long, polished wood alley surrounded by the sinister gutters and ending in the distant, glimmering pins. “Oh well,” I thought. “What difference does it make? I have nothing to lose.” And I dropped the ball as close to the center of the alley as I could, hoping it would at least roll for a while before coming to a stop. To my surprise it reached the end of the alley and knocked down several pins, delighting both me and my friends.
Genetic covariances between inbred progenies and their testcrosses

Mating designs are useful to estimate genetic variability of some population. Depending on the complexity and combination of mating designs used, different components of the total genetic variation can be estimated. Using the Design III (Comstock and Robinson, 1952), Triple Testcross (Kearsey and Jinks, 1968), Sj progenies, and information from the Analysis of Covariance of Si and Half-sib family means. Wolf (1995) tested for the significance of epistatic effects and the importance of epistatic variances compared with the additive and dominance variances of an Ft reference population developed from the cross of two maize {Zea mays L.) inbred lines, B73 and Mo 17. Wolf (1995) assumed that the results derived by Bradshaw (1983) on the genetic covariance between half-sib and Si progeny means could be applied for his study. However, the structures of the populations used by Bradshaw (1983) and Wolf (1995) to derive the genetic components of variance were not exactly the same. The main objective of this study was to verify if Wolf (1995) could have applied the results from Bradshaw (1983). For the case of a model that included digenic epistatic variances Wolf (1995) considered COV(half-sib,Si) = with the half-sib families (represented by HS,) obtained as the average of the three testcross families (Fi x Pi, F2 X Pi and F2 X Fi), instead of half-sib families (represented by HSp) obtained by using the population as the tester (Bradshaw, 1983). Using a different approach (with potential for several other applications in quantitative genetics), we verified that in both mating structures COV(half-sib,Si) = However, the theoretical values of those covariances in terms of genetic effects for the case of two loci include terms that could be considered as
The State and Prevalence of Gambling in Chinese Communities

While writing on the future of commercial gambling in Macao, Chan et al. (2016) conclude: We do look forward to seeing the transformation of Macao from a city of gambling to a metropolitan city of global tourism and leisure destination – An Asian icon of gaming and prosperity. And as long as commercial gambling is carried out responsibly and morally, it can offer hopes and dreams of a better livelihood for the 640,000 residents in the small enclave in the southern part of China (p. 152).
Work as Health: Tensions of Imposing Work Requirements to Medicaid Patients in the United States

In this chapter, Elaine Hsieh and Eric Kramer focus on the healthcare system, specifically highlighting the nature of debates about universal care. Of importance to the authors is not the arguments launched themselves but rather how polemics are being used to rationalize particular visions of healthcare. How communities are presented and imagined in relation to their work status, for example, is a central way in which arguments related to universal healthcare are forged and barriers erected. Hsieh and Kramer contend that a deeper examination of the philosophy behind current work-eligibility arguments to healthcare can promote dialogue on this hotly debated issue.
Comparison of two spectral-based techniques for estimating the attenuation coefficient from human cervix

This study uses in vivo radiofrequency ultrasound data acquired from human cervices to compare two commonly used spectral-based techniques for estimating the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient (AC): the spectral difference (SD) and the spectral log difference (SLD) techniques. The AC is a fundamental quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameter useful for tissue characterization to improve diagnostics, e.g., cervix characterization to predict preterm birth. The selection of appropriate AC techniques is a critical step for QUS tissue characterization. The advantages and disadvantages of various AC estimation techniques have been studied using physical phantoms and computational simulations. However, the heterogeneous nature of real tissue cannot be fully simulated with phantoms and computations. In this study, the SD and SLD techniques were evaluated using human cervices from 214 pregnant women (enrollment still ongoing). Each participant underwent 1-2 cervical QUS exams during each visit. In each exam, 10 acquisitions of radiofrequency ultrasound and one acquisition of a physical phantom were made using a Siemens MC9-4 transvaginal ultrasound transducer (center frequency: 5.25 MHz) with a Siemens S2000 ultrasound system. Preliminary analysis yielded correlated AC estimates (Pearson’s r = 0.66; <0.001) between the two AC techniques and better precision (e.g., inter-sonographer reproducibility) with the SLD technique. [No. R01HD089935.]
Intersecting Epidemics: Incident Syphilis and Drug Use in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States (2005–2016)

Background Rates of early syphilis in US women are steadily increasing, but predictors of infection in this group are not clearly defined. Methods This retrospective analysis focused on women enrolled in the US CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort between January 2005 and December 2016 with syphilis testing performed. The primary outcome of incident syphilis infection was defined serologically as a newly positive test with positive confirmatory testing after a negative test or a 2-dilution increase in rapid plasma regain titer. Infection rates were calculated for each woman-year in care with testing. Predictors of syphilis were sought among sociodemographics, clinical information, and self-reported behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression models were created; a subgroup analysis assessed predictors in women of reproductive age. Results The annual rate of incident syphilis among 4416 women engaged in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and tested during the 12-year study period was 760/100 000 person-years. Independent predictors of infection were injection drug use as a risk factor for HIV acquisition (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9), hepatitis C infection (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), black race (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.7 compared with white race), and more recent entry to care (since 2005 compared with 1994-2004). Predictors were similar in women aged 18-49. Conclusions Syphilis infection is common among US women in HIV care. Syphilis screening and prevention efforts should focus on women reporting drug use and with hepatitis C coinfection. Future studies should identify specific behaviors that mediate syphilis acquisition risk in women who use drugs.
Participation, Inclusion, and the Democratic Content of Constitutions

Theories of participatory and deliberative democracy contend that participatory and inclusive constitution-making processes are more likely to generate democratic outcomes than the traditional, elite-led approaches. The empirical evidence, however, has remained inconclusive and the propositions mostly normative. Using an original data from 195 constitutions promulgated in 118 countries since 1974, this study examines the impact of participatory and inclusive processes on the democratic content of constitutions. Building on the recently developed conjectures in the literature, this study introduces two original measures for individual-level public participation and aggregate-level group inclusion in constitution-making processes. The statistical analysis provides compelling empirical evidence that increased public participation is associated with an increased number of democratic provisions in constitutions, indicating that broad participatory processes can improve the democratic content of constitutions. Group inclusion, however, is not a significant predictor of the content of constitutions. The findings offer empirical support for participatory and deliberative theories of democracy and their prediction on democratic outcomes of participatory processes.
Merging Materials and Data Science: Opportunities, Challenges, and Education in Materials Informatics

Since the launch of the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) the field of materials informatics (MI) emerged to remove the bottlenecks limiting the pathway towards rapid materials discovery. Although the machine learning (ML) and optimization techniques underlying MI were developed well over a decade ago, programs such as the MGI encouraged researchers to make the technical advancements that make these tools suitable for the unique challenges in materials science and engineering. Overall, MI has seen a remarkable rate in adoption over the past decade. However, for the continued growth of MI, the educational challenges associated with applying data science techniques to analyse materials science and engineering problems must be addressed. In this paper, we will discuss the growing use of materials informatics in academia and industry, highlight the need for educational advances in materials informatics, and discuss the implementation of a materials informatics course into the curriculum to jump-start interested students with the skills required to succeed in materials informatics projects.
The Performance of the Semigeneralized Partial Credit Model for Handling Item-Level Missingness.

The semi-generalized partial credit model (Semi-GPCM) has been proposed as a unidimensional modeling method for handling not applicable scale responses and neutral scale responses, and it has been ...
Influence of workers' compensation status on postoperative outcomes in patients following biceps tenodesis: a matched-pair cohort analysis.

Background and hypothesis Although the literature on the association of workers' compensation (WC) status with negative outcomes after orthopedic surgery is extensive, there is a paucity of evidence on outcomes in WC recipients undergoing biceps tenodesis. We hypothesized that WC patients would report significantly worse outcomes postoperatively on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods Functional and health-related quality-of-life PROMs and a visual analog scale score for pain were administered preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively to consecutive patients undergoing isolated biceps tenodesis between 2014 and 2018 at our institution. Thirty-eight WC patients were matched 1:2 to non-WC patients by age, body mass index, and operative limb. The minimal clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit, and patient acceptable symptom state were calculated for all patients via anchor- and distribution-based methods. Rates of achievement and the likelihood of achievement were determined. Results All patients showed significant improvements in all outcome measures (P Conclusion WC patients reported inferior scores on all postoperative PROMs and demonstrated lower odds of achieving substantial benefit and satisfaction regarding improvements in both function and pain compared with non-WC patients.
Sabores y saberes: de la carne a la palabra. Una relectura de Digo lo que amo (1976) de Abigael Bohórquez

La obra de Abigael Bohorquez ha encontrado a ultimas fechas, sobre todo a raiz de la publicacion de las obras completas por parte del Instituto Sonorense de Cultura y editadas por el doctor Gerardo Bustamante Bermudez, nuevos lectores y, por tanto, ha suscitado nuevos intereses. Esto es altamente beneficioso porque entrana la posibilidad de leer la obra abigaeleana mas alla de los lugares comunes que la critica, muchas veces panfletaria y reduccionista, ha impuesto durante los ultimos anos. En concordancia con esta idea, el presente articulo busca acercarse a un libro fundamental en el corpus del poeta sonorense (Digo lo que amo), buscando realizar una hermeneutica basada en la variante “carnal”, propuesta por el filosofo irlandes Richard Kearney. De esta manera, el cuerpo lirico, desplegado en la poesia de Bohorquez se convierte en un organo capaz de mediar entre la conciencia y el entorno del hablante; entonces la apropiacion del mundo del interprete deja de ser exclusivamente intelectual para convertirse en un acto, en una experiencia rica, compleja y sobre todo dadora de sentido. Palabras clave: Abigael Bohorquez, Hermeneutica carnal, Poesia, Sentido, Queer.
Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani Parents’ Perceptions of Their Children’s Academic Achievement in Southwest Florida

Bangladeshis, Indians, and Pakistanis (BIP) are among the highest educational and financial achievers in the United States with unique cultural and behavioral patterns. Despite the significant signs of economic and educational achievement, BIP individuals have remained an understudied population. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of BIP parents via semi-structured interviews to explore key factors to parental involvement behaviors in children’s academic achievement. The data collection process included semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes, in order to compose a rich narrative description from the findings and the researchers’ interpretations of the phenomenon. The data were incorporated into the thick, rich descriptions of the perceptions and experiences of the participants. After coding and using thematic analysis, three themes emerged: parents’ behavioral trends, parents’ role and family’s cultural values. The implications will help stakeholders and policy makers to select or develop family-school programs that further encourage this group to be involved in their children’s education.
Characterizing preoperative expectations for patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Abstract Background There remains a paucity of information analyzing which factors most influence preoperative expectations for patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The purpose of our study was to characterize preoperative patient expectations for those scheduled to undergo RTSA and to determine the impact of demographic factors, shoulder function, and shoulder pain on these preoperative expectations. Methods Patients were prospectively recruited into the study if they were scheduled to undergo an elective unilateral primary RTSA for a diagnosis of glenohumeral arthritis. Preoperative patient expectations were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery’s Shoulder Surgery Expectation Survey (HSS-ES). Patients also completed the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function – Upper Extremity (UE) v2.0 computer adaptive test, PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) v1.1 computer adaptive test, PROMIS Depression (DE) v1.0 computer adaptive test, visual analogue scores, and an itemized satisfaction questionnaire, which paralleled the HSS-ES. Demographic and preoperative shoulder range of motion (ROM) were also recorded. Results A total of 107 patients scheduled to undergo RTSA were included into the study. Relief of daytime pain (n = 91, 85%), improvement in self-care (n = 86, 80%), and improvement in shoulder ROM (n = 85, 79%) were most commonly cited as a “very important” expectation. In the item-specific analysis, lower PROMIS UE scores were correlated with greater expectations for ability to reach sideways (p = 0.015) and ability to perform daily activities (p = 0.018). Patients with lower shoulder ROM had greater expectations for improved shoulder ROM (internal rotation, arm at 90 degrees, p = 0.004) and improved ability to perform daily activities (forward elevation, p = 0.038; abduction, p = 0.009). In the cumulative analysis, a greater number of “very important” expectations was associated with African American race (p = 0.013), higher PROMIS PI (r = 0.351, p = 0.004), and lower overall preoperative satisfaction (r = 0.334, p Conclusion Patients scheduled to undergo RTSA have the greatest expectations for relief of daytime pain, improvement in self-care, and improvement in shoulder ROM. Patients with limited preoperative ROM have greater expectations for improvement in self-care and ability to perform daily activities in addition to expectations for improvement in shoulder ROM. Greater overall expectations for surgery were not associated with preoperative physical function, but were instead associated with lower preoperative satisfaction and higher PROMIS PI scores.
Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel Survivin Inhibitors with Potent Anti-Proliferative Properties

The anti-apoptotic protein survivin is highly expressed in most human cancer cells, but has very low expression in normal differentiated cells. Thus survivin is considered as an attractive cancer drug target. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel survivin inhibitors based on the oxyquinoline scaffold from our recently identified hit compound UC-112. These new analogs were tested against a panel of cancer cell lines including one with multidrug-resistant phenotype. Eight of these new UC-112 analogs showed IC50 values in the nanomole range in anti-proliferative assays. The best three compounds among them along with UC-112 were submitted for NCI-60 cancer cell line screening. The results indicated that structural modification from UC-112 to our best compound 4g has improved activity by four folds (2.2 μM for UC-112 vs. 0.5 μM for 4g, average GI50 values over all cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 panel).Western blot analyses demonstrated the new compounds maintained high selectivity for survivin inhibition over other members in the inhibition of apoptosis protein family. When tested in an A375 human melanoma xenograft model, the most active compound 4g effectively suppressed tumor growth and strongly induced cancer cell apoptosis in tumor tissues. This novel scaffold is promising for the development of selective survivin inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.
National and State Economic Impact of NETL

This report documents the development of state-level input-output models for Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Oregon and the augmentation of the national input-output model that was developed previously for the project Valuing Domestically Produced Natural Gas and Oil . The state IO models were developed to assess the FY08 economic impacts of expenditures, employment, and research and development awards at the NETL sites located in Pittsburgh, PA; Morgantown, WV; and Albany, OR. The national IO model was developed to assess the FY08 economic impacts of NETL site expenditures, awards, and employment at the national level.
7 Lipid Analysis and the Relationship to Chemotaxonomy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses lipid analysis and the relationship to chemotaxonomy. All cells have a cytoplasmic membrane that serves to form a boundary between itself and the exterior world. The composition of membranes is roughly 50% lipids and 50% non-lipids. The lipid portion contains a half-dozen or more different classes of lipids with each consisting of individual molecular species that have a half-dozen or more structural variations. The relative percentage composition of individual lipids and the lipid structuralization are generally influenced by age of the cells and other environmental parameters. The basic identities of biomembrane lipids have been organized and a seemingly coherent picture has emerged. The majorities of all lipids are membrane associated and present as a complexed integration of both polar and non-polar lipids. To disrupt the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic forces, and interfacial tensions so as to free the lipids, a mixture of solvents with comparable polarity ranges are required.