cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On implicit systems of differential equations

Abstract This article considers implicit systems of differential equations. The implicit systems that are considered are given by polynomial relations on the coordinates of the indeterminate function and the coordinates of the time derivative of the indeterminate function. For such implicit systems of differential equations, we are concerned with computing algebraic constraints such that on the algebraic variety determined by the constraint equations the original implicit system of differential equations has an explicit representation. Our approach is algebraic. Although there have been a number of articles that approach implicit differential equations algebraically, all such approaches have relied heavily on linear algebra. The approach of this article is different, we have no linearity requirements at all, instead we rely on algebraic geometry. In particular, we use birational mappings to produce an explicit system. The methods developed in this article are easily implemented using various computer algebra systems.
THE DEVELOPING FETAL CANINE HEART: EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND ACETYLCHOLINE

We studied the electrophysiologic characteristics of intact fetal canine hearts perfused with physiologic salt solution via an aortic cannula. Epicardial stimulating and recording electrodes were placed on the right atrium and ventricle. Electrophysiologic variables were measured during both spontaneous sinus rhythm and atrial stimulation. Hearts from 2 groups of fetuses were studied: Group I, gestational age=38 days; Group II, gestational age=50 days. (Total gestation =63 days). The spontaneous sinus cycle length (CL) was:Group I 289±7.8 and Group II 284±14.3 msec (X±SE) (P>.1) corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) was: Group I 75±4.1 msec and Group II 110±8.6 msec(P .1). The threshold concentrations of ACh to significantly increase the CL at which 1:1 A-V conduction occurred were 1×10−8M for Group I and 1×10−7M for Group II. Wenckebach periods occurred (for Group I) at CL=278±13.1 msec and at 216±10.3 msec for Group II. Atrial effective and functional refractory period were;Group I 63±7.2 msec and 73±6.2 msec, and Group II 58±6.5 and 68±6.5 msec, (P>.1). ACh had no effect on atrial refractory periods. These data indicate that there are functional differences in electrophysiologic properties of the developing canine fetal heart and that there are changes related to development in the effects of ACh.
Optimization of illumination frequency and preclinical validation of a wide-field structured illumination microscope designed for imaging in situ tumor margins

We present a widefield structured illumination microscope for imaging surgical tumor margins in situ. The impact of frequency and turbidity on optical section thickness and SNR was characterized to determine the optimal imaging frequency.
Isolation of filaments of the chick lens.

A preparation of intermediate filaments isolated from the chicken lens is enriched with a 50,000 dalton polypeptide.
Who told you the triangle test was simple

Abstract The effects of response bias, cognitive strategy change and the sequence of tasting are discussed in relation to the triangle test. Theoretical approaches like Thurstonian modelling and Sequential Sensitivity Analysis are reviewed. It is concluded that the triangle test is prone to many pitfalls; even a slight change in the instructions can bring about a radical change in performance.
Critical Overview of the New Consensus-based Definitions and Classification of Female Sexual Dysfunction

(2001). Critical Overview of the New Consensus-based Definitions and Classification of Female Sexual Dysfunction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 159-167.
Effects of rendering on shape perception in automobile design

The goal of this project was to determine if advanced rendering methods such as global illumination allow more accurate discrimination of shape differences than standard rendering methods such as OpenGL.To address these questions, we conducted two psychophysical experiments to measure observers' sensitivity to shape differences between a physical model and rendered images of the model. Two results stand out:• The rendering method used has a significant effect on the ability to discriminate shape. In particular, under the conditions tested, global illumination rendering improves sensitivity to shape differences.• Further, viewpoint appears to have an effect on the ability to discriminate shape. In most of the cases studied, sensitivity to small shape variations was poorer when the rendering and model viewpoints were different.The results of this work have important implications for our understanding of human shape perception and for the development of rendering tools for computer-aided design.
Targeted therapy for the treatment of imatinib‐resistant chronic myeloid leukemia: A pharmacogenetic analysis

Background/Aims Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by the enzymatic activity of BCR-ABL, a tyrosine kinase that is selectively inhibited by imatinib. However, a subset of patients develop resistance. BMS-354825 retains in vitro activity against 14 out of 15 imatinib-resistant forms of BCR-ABL in the nanomolar concentration range. BMS-354825 is currently undergoing analysis in a phase I clinical trial of imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML cases. We sought to determine if a correlation exists between specific kinase domain mutation and response to BMS-354825. Methods Fifteen patients were included in the analysis. All had a diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML, and were either imatinib-resistant or -intolerant. Sequencing of the BCR-ABL kinase domain was performed prior to treatment. The achievement of a complete hematologic response was correlated with BCR-ABL genotype. Results Preliminary analysis suggests a strong correlation between response and absence of the T315I mutation, and no significant response in cases of the T315I mutant. These data corroborate our preclinical results, and identify the T315I mutation as a potentially major component of clinical resistance to BMS-354825. Conclusions These studies suggest an evolving role for patient-specific therapy based upon the specific genotype of the target gene in human cancers treated with the burgeoning class of small molecule kinase inhibitors, and warrant confirmatory analysis in a larger cohort of patients. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P17–P17; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.066
Object persistence for synthetic creatures

We present methods for anticipatory behavior in simulated graphical creatures. We discuss in general terms the importance of anticipatory behavior through explicit expectation formation. We present an in-depth description of a specific type of expectation-formation, namely location-expectation, or object persistence. A new representation - the Probabilistic Occupancy Map (POM) - is presented, and it is shown how this representation can be used to maintain estimations of the positions of mobile objects in the world based on both positive and negative knowledge provided by the creature's perceptual system. Finally a number of illustrative results are presented that show Duncan, our simulated dog, successfully performing a number of tasks that require a high degree of spatial common sense.
An approximation to linear bounded phase coordinate control problems

Approximation to linear bounded phase coordinate control problem and continuous adjoint solution for optimum controller
RGS3 Inhibits G Protein-Mediated Signaling via Translocation to the Membrane and Binding to Gα11

In the present study, we investigated the function and the mechanism of action of RGS3, a member of a family of proteins called regulators of G protein signaling (RGS). Polyclonal antibodies against RGS3 were produced and characterized. An 80-kDa protein was identified as RGS3 by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with anti-RGS3 antibodies in a human mesangial cell line (HMC) stably transfected with RGS3 cDNA. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments in RGS3-overexpressing cell lysates revealed that RGS3 bound to aluminum fluoride-activated Gα11 and to a lesser extent to Gαi3 and that this binding was mediated by the RGS domain of RGS3. A role of RGS3 in postreceptor signaling was demonstrated by decreased calcium responses and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity induced by endothelin-1 in HMC stably overexpressing RGS3. Moreover, depletion of endogenous RGS3 by transfection of antisense RGS3 cDNA in NIH 3T3 cells resulted in enhanced MAP kinase activation induced by endothelin-1. The study of intracellular distribution of RGS3 indicated its unique cytosolic localization. Activation of G proteins by AlF4−, NaF, or endothelin-1 resulted in redistribution of RGS3 from cytosol to the plasma membrane as determined by Western blotting of the cytosolic and particulate fractions with RGS3 antiserum as well as by immunofluorescence microscopy. Agonist-induced translocation of RGS3 occurred by a dual mechanism involving both C-terminal (RGS domain) and N-terminal regions of RGS3. Thus, coexpression of RGS3 with a constitutively active mutant of Gα11 (Gα11-QL) resulted in the binding of RGS3, but not of its N-terminal fragment, to the membrane fraction and in its interaction with Gα11-QL in vitro without any stimuli. However, both full-length RGS3 and its N-terminal domain translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation of intact cells with endothelin-1 as assayed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The effect of endothelin-1 was also mimicked by calcium ionophore A23187, suggesting the importance of Ca2+ in the mechanism of redistribution of RGS3. These data indicate that RGS3 inhibits G protein-coupled receptor signaling by a complex mechanism involving its translocation to the membrane in addition to its established function as a GTPase-activating protein.
Treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage

Apart from management in a specialised stroke or neurological intensive care unit, until very recently no specific therapies improved outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). In a recent phase II trial, recombinant activated factor VII (eptacog alfa) reduced haematoma expansion, mortality, and disability when given within 4 h of ICH onset; a phase III trial (the FAST trial) is now in progress. Ventilatory support, blood-pressure reduction, intracranial-pressure monitoring, osmotherapy, fever control, seizure prophylaxis, and nutritional supplementation are the cornerstones of supportive care in intensive care units. Ventricular drainage should be considered in all stuporous or comatose patients with intraventricular haemorrhage and acute hydrocephalus. Given the lack of benefit seen in a the recent STICH trial, emergency surgical evacuation within 72 h of onset should be reserved for patients with large (>3 cm) cerebellar haemorrhages, or those with large lobar haemorrhages, substantial mass effect, and rapidly deteriorating condition.
Role of Iron and Organic Carbon in Mass-specific Light Absorption by Particulate Matter from Louisiana Coastal Waters

We investigated the influences of organic content and mineralogical composition on light absorption by mostly mineral suspended particles in aquatic and coastal marine systems. Mass-specific absorption spectra of suspended particles and surface sediments from coastal Louisiana and the lower Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers were measured with a centered sample-mount integrating sphere and analyzed in conjunction with organic carbon (OC), hydrochloric acid– (HCl-) extractable iron, and dithionite-extractable iron contents. Compositions and absorption properties were comparable to published values for similar particles. Dithionite-extractable iron was strongly correlated with absorption at ultraviolet (UV) and blue wavelengths, while OC and HCl-extractable iron were weakly but positively correlated. Oxidative removal of OC from sediments caused small and variable changes in absorption, while dithionite extraction of iron oxides strongly reduced absorption. Shoulders in the absorption spectra corresponded to absorption bands of iron oxide minerals, and their intensities were well correlated to dithionite-extractable iron contents of the samples. These findings support a primary role for iron oxide and hydroxide minerals in the mass-specific absorption of mostly inorganic particles from the terrestrially influenced coast of Louisiana. Riverine particles had higher dithionite-extractable iron contents and iron oxide– specific absorption features than did marine particles, consistent with current knowledge regarding differential transport of particulate iron oxides and hydroxides through estuarine salinity gradients and reductive alteration of these oxide phases on the Louisiana shelf. The quantifiable dependence of UV absorption features on iron oxide content suggests that, under certain conditions, in situ hyperspectral absorption measurements could be designed to monitor water-column iron mineral transport and transformation.
Knee extension isometric torque production differences based on verbal motivation given to introverted and extroverted female children

To date, little research has been conducted to test the efficacy of different forms of motivation based on a female child’s personality type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of female children to perform a maximal knee extension isometric torque test with varying forms of motivation, based on the child’s personality type (introvert vs. extrovert). The subjects were asked to perform a maximal isometric knee extension test under three different conditions: 1) with no verbal motivation, 2) with verbal motivation from the evaluator only, and 3) with verbal motivation from a group of their peers and the evaluator combined. A 233 mixed ANOVA was significant for an interaction (F 2,62517.530; p,0.0005). Post hoc testing for the introverted group showed that scores without verbal motivation were significantly higher than with verbal motivation from the evaluator or the evaluator plus the peers. The extroverted group revealed that scores with verbal motivation from the evaluator or the evaluator plus the peers were significantly higher than without verbal motivation. Results suggest that verbal motivation has a varying effect on isometric knee extension torque production in female children with different personality types. Extroverted girls perform better with motivation, whereas introverted girls perform better without motivation from others.
Cloning of Rat Vitamin K-Dependent γ-Glutamyl Carboxylase and Developmentally Regulated Gene Expression in Postimplantation Embryos

Abstract Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase catalyzes the posttranslational modification of glutamate to γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) in its substrates, the vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs). This modification is required for the activities of the VKDPs. Recent evidence demonstrates previously unrecognized roles for VKDPs as signaling molecules important in the regulation of cell growth, adhesion, and apoptosis, suggesting developmental functions for VKDPs and hence the carboxylase. The tissue distribution and functions of carboxylase in development are unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized the full-length cDNA encoding the rat carboxylase and analyzed, at the cellular level, the expression of this gene in rat embryos byin situhybridization. We demonstrate that the expression of this gene is highly regulated in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. Hepatocytes, the major site of synthesis of VKDPs of blood coagulation, express carboxylase mRNA late in gestation, in contrast to the central nervous system, mesenchymal, and skeletal tissues which express carboxylase mRNA early during rat embryogenesis. The tissue-specific temporal expression of the carboxylase gene during embryogenesis indicates that vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and the formation of Gla is developmentally regulated. These studies suggest that vitamin K-dependent carboxylation is an important modulator of embryonic VKDP function.
The Effect of Feeding Cottonseed Meal as the Only Concentrate on Several Properties of Milk. III. Ph, Rennet Coagulation, Heat Coagulation and Curd Tension*

Summary The pH, rennet coagulation, heat coagulation and curd tension of the milk produced by a group of cows receiving cottonseed meal as the only concentrate were compared with the same properties of milk produced by a comparable group of cows receiving a normal concentrate mixture. These properties of the milks follow the same general trend as the differences in composition of the two milks. The milk from the cottonseed meal group had a higher pH than that from the control group. The slight difference observed during the first few months increased as the difference in total solids increased. The milk from the cottonseed meal group required longer to coagulate by rennet than that from the control group after about the first five months of the feeding trial. Variable differences were recorded for the heat coagulation of the milks. The data suggest a practical problem relative to the heat stability of the evaporated products produced from milk of cows receiving a high level of cottonseed meal in the ration.
Topography of auditory nerve projections to the cochlear nucleus in cats after neonatal deafness and electrical stimulation by a cochlear implant.

We previously reported that auditory nerve projections from the cochlear spiral ganglion (SG) to the cochlear nucleus (CN) exhibit clear cochleotopic organization in adult cats deafened as neonates before hearing onset. However, the topographic specificity of these CN projections in deafened animals is proportionately broader than normal (less precise relative to the CN frequency gradient). This study examined SG-to-CN projections in adult cats that were deafened as neonates and received a unilateral cochlear implant at ∼7 weeks of age. Following several months of electrical stimulation, SG projections from the stimulated cochleae were compared to projections from contralateral, non-implanted ears. The fundamental organization of SG projections into frequency band laminae was clearly evident, and discrete projections were always observed following double SG injections in deafened cochleae, despite severe auditory deprivation and/or broad electrical activation of the SG. However, when normalized for the smaller CN size after deafness, AVCN, PVCN, and DCN projections on the stimulated side were broader by 32%, 34%, and 53%, respectively, than projections in normal animals (although absolute projection widths were comparable to normal). Further, there was no significant difference between projections from stimulated and contralateral non-implanted cochleae. These findings suggest that early normal auditory experience may be essential for normal development and/or maintenance of the topographic precision of SG-to-CN projections. After early deafness, the CN is smaller than normal, the topographic distribution of these neural projections that underlie frequency resolution in the central auditory system is proportionately broader, and projections from adjacent SG sectors are more overlapping. Several months of stimulation by a cochlear implant (beginning at ∼7 weeks of age) did not lessen or exacerbate these degenerative changes observed in adulthood. One clinical implication of these findings is that congenitally deaf cochlear implant recipients may have central auditory system alterations that limit their ability to achieve spectral selectivity equivalent to post-lingually deafened subjects.
The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The perikaryon, dendrites and spines†

The small pyramidal neurons of layers II and III of the rat parietal cortex have been examined with both Golgi staining and electron microscopy. The cell body contains a large nucleus and only a thin rim of cytoplasm in which the Nissl substance is not well developed. A cap of Nissl substance occurs at the base of the apical dendrite, however, and a number of cisternae of the Golgi apparatus occur in this same location. A centriole is often found here too, so that this region of the neuron represents the cell center. Little Nissl substance occurs in the dendrites, which mainly contain well-ordered arrays of microtubules. Projecting from the stem of the apical dendrite and from the secondary dendrites are spines. Basically, the spines are of three types. The most common ones have long, thin stalks and small end bulbs. The least common ones are mushroom-shaped and have thick stalks ending in large bulbs. The other spines are short and stubby, and have no well-defined stalk. The distribution of these three types of spines has been determined. Although they are rare, spines may also project from the cell body, which has very few synapses on its surface.
Effects of early experience on subsequent parental behaviour and reproductive success in oldfield mice, Peromyscus polionotus

Studies of a variety of taxa have almost universally shown an increase in survivorship between the first cohort of young reared by a female (or both parents) and subsequent litters. Here, we examine the effect of early experience with sibling pups during the subadult period on later maternal behaviour and reproductive success in oldfield mice. ‘Experienced’ females remained with their mothers through the rearing of a litter of siblings. ‘Inexperienced’ females were removed from their parents at 20 days of age and had no prior exposure to pups before they reproduced. Twenty-four experienced females and 24 inexperienced females (each a full sibling of an experienced female) were paired with noninbred, inexperienced males through the birth and rearing of three litters. Litter survival improved significantly with experience and increasing parity. Pairs with experienced females showed improved nest-building behaviour and averaged significantly more surviving pups than did pairs with inexperienced females. Inexperienced mates of experienced females showed improved nest building, as well, consistent with the results of previous studies showing that paternal care tends to match that of mates. Maternal body weight did not appear to influence reproductive performance. These findings support the contention that individuals may accrue significant fitness benefits by delaying their own reproduction and gaining experience.
Early surgery for thoracolumbar spine injuries decreases complications.

Background The proper timing for surgical fracture repair is controversial. Early repair of long bone and cervical fractures reduces complications and is safe. Few studies exist to compare time to surgery with outcomes in thoracolumbar (TL) spine injuries.Methods Patients with TL spine injuries were
Structure and property studies of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) melt-blended fibres

Abstract The effects of blend composition and take-up velocity on structural variations and physical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [PET]/poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) [PEN] blend fibres were studied using WAXS, n.m.r., d.s.c., density, tensile and thermal shrinkage tests. Over the ranges studied, the structure and properties of the blend fibres were significantly influenced by the composition and melt spinning velocity. With the increase in content of any second component (PEN or PET), the crystallization process in the as-spun fibres becomes difficult, because of the formation of random copolymers via a transesterification reaction occurring between PET and PEN molecules. This reaction also produces a miscible amorphous phase with the result that all blend samples exhibit a single glass transition temperature intermediate to those of the two homopolymers. The WAXS results of annealed samples, however, indicate separate crystals for the two components rather than a co-crystallization. Room temperature mechanical properties, for fibres spun at constant take-up velocity, improved gradually with increasing PEN content. The thermal shrinkage, however, is relatively high for blend fibres and reaches a maximum for the 50/50 PET/PEN blend, indicating that the copolymer chains are oriented fairly well, but exist in the amorphous state.
Quilted Floer trajectories with constant components: Corrigendum to the article "Quilted Floer cohomology"

We fill a gap in the proof of the transversality result for quilted Floer trajectories in [10] by addressing trajectories for which some but not all components are constant. Namely we show that for generic sets of split Hamiltonian perturbations and split almost complex structures, the moduli spaces of parametrized quilted Floer trajectories of a given index are smooth of expected dimension. An additional benefit of the generic split Hamiltonian perturbations is that they perturb the given cyclic Lagrangian correspondence such that any geometric composition of its factors is transverse and hence immersed. 53D40; 57R56
Update: spatial aspects of epidemiology: the interface with medical geography.

Medical geography and epidemiology share the common goal of understanding disease processes and improving methods of health interventions. While they share a common history, the fields have diverged and developed different, often complementary, approaches to the same types of problems. Medical geography differs from epidemiology in its underlying focus on applying the concepts and methods of geography to investigate health-related topics (1). Much like other subdisciplines within its field, medical geography attempts to integrate concepts and methods from various social, physical, and biological sciences to create a unique specialty. Throughout much of its development and continuing to the present, the focus of medical geography remains very much on an ecologic perspective of health. Its emphasis is on the interplay of the behavior of humans and the environment to generate observed health outcomes so that, in addition to the traditional issue of spatial variation in disease incidence or prevalence, research related to understanding variation in individual risk perception and movement patterns has come into play (2, 3). Coupled with this is the practical application of these research issues, such as the optimal structure and network design of health care delivery systems (4). In contrast, epidemiology is purposive for health promotion and disease prevention, with a focus on providing paradigms for the investigation of specific health problems and providing etiologic explanations for these problems, especially from a biological perspective (5). From a medical geography perspective, epidemiology provides an additional rich source of methods, concepts, and information that can be incorporated to study problems of interest.
DNA Repair Defects Channel Interstrand DNA Cross-links into Alternate Recombinational and Error-prone Repair Pathways

The repair of psoralen interstrand cross-links in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the DNA repair groups nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination (HR), and post-replication repair (PRR). In repair-proficient yeast cells cross-links induce double-strand breaks, in an NER-dependent process; the double-strand breaks are then repaired by HR. An alternate error-prone repair pathway generates mutations at cross-link sites. We have characterized the repair of plasmid molecules carrying a single psoralen cross-link, psoralen monoadduct, or double-strand break in yeast cells with deficiencies in NER, HR, or PRR genes, measuring the repair efficiencies and the levels of gene conversions, crossing over, and mutations. Strains with deficiencies in the NER genes RAD1, RAD3, RAD4, and RAD10 had low levels of cross-link-induced recombination but higher mutation frequencies than repair-proficient cells. Deletion of the HR genes RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RAD55, and RAD57 also decreased induced recombination and increased mutation frequencies above those of NER-deficient yeast. Strains lacking the PRR genes RAD5, RAD6, and RAD18 did not have any cross-link-induced mutations but showed increased levels of recombination; rad5 and rad6 cells also had altered patterns of cross-link-induced gene conversion in comparison with repair-proficient yeast. Our observations suggest that psoralen cross-links can be repaired by three pathways: an error-free recombinational pathway requiring NER and HR and two PRR-dependent errorprone pathways, one NER-dependent and one NER-independent.
Development of an Intravenous Membrane Oxygenator: Enhanced Intravenous Gas Exchange Through Convective Mixing of Blood around Hollow Fiber Membranes

: In vitro testing of a new prototype intravenous membrane oxygenator (IMO) is reported. The new IMO design consists of matted hollow fiber membranes arranged around a centrally positioned tripartite balloon. Short gas flow paths and consistent, reproducible fiber geometry after insertion of the device result in an augmented oxygen flux of up to 800% with balloon activation compared with the static mode (balloon off). Operation of the new IMO device with the balloon on versus the balloon off results in a 400% increase in carbon dioxide flux. Gas flow rates of up to 9. 5 L/min through the 14–cm–long hollow fibers have been achieved with vacuum pressures of 250 mm Hg. Gas exchange efficiency for intravenous membrane oxygenators can be increased by emphasizing the following design features: short gas flow paths, consistent and reproducible fiber geometry, and most importantly, an active means of enhancing convective mixing of blood around the hollow fiber membranes
Critical Care Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Primary, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) confers significant early mortality and long-term morbidity worldwide. Advances in acute care including investigative, diagnostic, and management strategies are important to improving outcomes for patients with ICH. Physicians caring for patients with ICH should anticipate the need for emergent blood pressure reduction, coagulopathy reversal, cerebral edema management, and surgical interventions including ventriculostomy and hematoma evacuation. This article reviews the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ICH, and details the acute management of spontaneous ICH in the critical care setting according to existing evidence and published guidelines.
Somatoautonomic Reflexology — Normal and Abnormal

My contribution to this workshop is limited to clinical observations of somatoautonomic relationships; the neural pathways for some remain entirely unknown and are subject for further study.
A Hybrid Statistical Method for Accurate Prediction of Supplier Delivery Times of Aircraft Engine Parts

Aircraft engine assembly operations require thousands of parts provided by several geographically distributed suppliers. A majority of the operation steps are sequential, necessitating the availability of all the parts at appropriate times for these steps to be completed successfully. Thus, being able to accurately predict the availabilities of parts based on supplier deliveries is critical to minimizing the delays in meeting the customer demands. However, such accurate prediction is challenging due to the large lead times of these parts, limited knowledge of supplier capacities and capabilities, macroeconomic trends affecting material procurement and transportation times, and unreliable delivery date estimates provided by the suppliers themselves. We address these challenges by developing a statistical method that learns a hybrid stepwise regression — generalized multivariate gamma distribution model from historical transactional data on closed part purchase orders and is able to infer part delivery dates sufficiently before the supplier-promised delivery dates for open purchase orders. The hybrid form of the model makes it robust to data quality and short-term temporal effects as well as biased toward overestimating rather than underestimating the part delivery dates. Test results on real-world purchase orders demonstrate effective performance with low prediction errors and constantly high ratios of true positive to false positive predictions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
THE DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF ROTATING PIPE STRING IN WELL BORE

The slim pipe string in well bore is a special structure in petroleum engineering. In this paper, a dynamical model of rotating pipe string is proposed, with the consideration of the impact contact between rotating pipe string and well bore in any direction and at any point of well depth and well bore circumference. The analysis is carried out using dynamic gap element, space beam element and Newmark method. The application to the B3-4-P31 well shows that the rod string design can guarantee safe operation in well bore and prevent the rod string from failure.
Multistage Delivery Technologies: Multifunctional, Interdisciplinary Approaches to Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine frequently employs single particles ranging from very simple1 to highly multifunctional.2 However, the diversity of barriers to effective transport can limit the global optimization of delivery for such systems. Multistage particles present an effective means to overcome such issues, allowing scientists to better segment the delivery mechanism into discrete steps by combining multiple formulations for sequential utility in vivo. A recent article in Nature Biotechnology highlights such a system,3 delivering nanoformulated doxorubicin (Dox) within larger disc-shaped, mesoporous silica particles (MSPs).
Differential Effects of Hormonal versus Non-Hormonal Contraception on Seizures: Prospective Pilot Findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (I5.002)

Objective To carry out a one-year prospective pilot to assess the impact of hormonal (HC) versus non-hormonal contraception (NHC) on seizures in women with epilepsy (WWE). Background The Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) retrospective survey of 1144 WWE found that the relative risks (RR) for both seizure increase and decrease were greater with HC than NHC. However, the RR for seizure increase on HC was greater than for decrease: RR = 1.96 (1.60-2.40), p <0.0001 whereas on NHC, there was no significant difference. Methods The prospective pilot data come from 319 WWE who participated in the EBCR quarterly on-line serial surveys. WWE charted seizures and changes in contraception and antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen. We identified changes between HC and NHC. Each WWE under consideration had at least one month of observation on the previous and new contraceptive methods. We compared directional changes in seizure frequency, i.e. increase or decrease, in relation to the directional change between HC and NHC using χ2 and nominal regression analyses. Results 64 WWE made a change between HC and NHC during the pilot. Seizure frequency trended greater with a change from NHC to HC (13/26, 50[percnt]) than from HC to NHC (11/38, 28.9[percnt]), p = 0.08. Seizure decrease was greater with a change from HC to NHC (24/38, 63.2[percnt]) than from NHC to HC (9/26, 34.6[percnt]), p = 0.02. Regression analysis showed that a change from NHC to HC was associated with a greater chance of an increase in seizure frequency than a change from HC to NHC (OR = 3.159 [95[percnt]CI: 1.031-9.682], p = 0.044). AED change as covariate was not a significant factor. Conclusions These prospective pilot findings, along with previous retrospective findings, support the need for a meaningfully powered, full-scale, prospective investigation of the impact of HC on seizures. Supported by Lundbeck Disclosure: Dr Herzog has received research support from Lundbeck. Dr. Mandle has received research support from Lundbeck.
LARIAT: Trials and Registries Results

Since its commercialization in the United States in 2011, the Lariat suture device for left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion has experienced widespread utilization. It has been released into the market in the United States under FDA 510 (K) approval as a tool for “suture placement and knot-tying for use in surgical applications where soft tissues are (sic) being approximated.” However, the device conception, design, and implementation are entirely and exclusively aimed at delivering a suture ligature to the LAA for the purpose of its exclusion from the circulation and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. This commercialization outside the scope of a clinical trial has led to a large collective experience in unselected patient populations. Significant heterogeneity exists in regard to patient characteristics, operator experience, and quality and extent of data collection. Nevertheless, the accumulated evidence provides valuable, “real-life” insights into its clinical application. Sources of information about the clinical outcomes of the Lariat® procedure include single-center reports, multicenter registries of voluntarily collected data, and reports to the FDA’s MAUDE database. Undoubtedly, the available data are subject to publication and other biases, but do offer a glimpse of the Lariat’s clinical performance. Table 15.1 summarizes the clinical data available to date.
Cybercrimes: an overview of contemporary challenges and impending threats

Abstract The increase in technology-based devices and Internet capabilities presents an inevitable demand to police computer-perpetrated crimes more than ever. However, an understanding of the prevalence of cybercrimes and the research about the motivation behind these crimes is limited. Law enforcement agencies and digital forensic analysts face extraordinary challenges that hopefully can be met with specialized training, improved and increased resources, along with interagency cooperation, in an effort to combat these crimes. In brief, this chapter focuses on some of the most current cybercrimes such as hacking, identity theft and fraud, child sexual exploitation and online pornography, as well as cyberstalking and digital harassment. Future threats are addressed, and the chapter ends with a discussion about future issues for law enforcement and digital forensic professionals.
Constitutional Interpretation and Technological Change

Justice Scalia, in District of Columbia v. Heller that judges should follow the objective meaning of the text, but the interpretation should follow the technological change. My Article examines the rules that guide the Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution in light of technological change. I will primarily examine the First and Second Amendments and the Commerce Clause. I conclude that The Court has taken no uniform approach reading the Constitution in light of technological change.
Noninvasive and Label-Free Sensing of Endotoxin Contamination in Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices Using a Fiber-Optic Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Based Method

Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are essential medical tools for ophthalmic surgeons to use routinely in cataract surgery. OVD endotoxin contamination has been implicated in toxic anterior segment syndrome, a severe inflammatory condition after surgery. Current standard methods for endotoxin detection in medical devices rely on dwindling Horseshoe Crab resources for Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay or rabbit intracameral and intravitreal assays. Endotoxin recovery from OVDs poses particular challenge due to the nature and composition of the device. In the present proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate real-time detection capability of endotoxin by employing a noncontact and label-free fiber-optic Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy based sensing method in the midinfrared spectral range of 1.6–12 μm. We performed testing on OVD samples spiked with a series of different concentrations of endotoxin. The study suggested that endotoxin contamination in OVD might be associated with fingerprint spectral peak shift in the wavenumber ranges of $\text{2925}- \text{2890}\,\text{cm}^{- 1}$ and $\text{1125}-\text{1100}\,\text{cm}^{- 1}$ , and the distance of shifting is dependent upon endotoxin concentration in OVD. FO-FTIR integrated with multivariate approaches such as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis provides significant differentiation of OVD, endotoxin, and contaminated OVD at different concentrations.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

Drug reaction (or rash) with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) was originally described in 1996 by Bocquet et al. in their description of patients who developed fever, a severe cutaneous reaction with infiltrated papules, facial edema, or an exfoliative dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities (eosinophilia or atypical lymphocytes), and internal organ involvement within 2 months after initiation of the offending drug. The current literature defines DRESS as a syndrome with varying combination of the following factors: drug-induced immunological background, late onset drug reaction, longer duration than other drug rashes, multi-organ involvement, lymphocyte activation, eosinophilia, and frequent virus reactivation.
Generation of hot plasmonic electrons and heat in metal nanocrystals with hot spots (Conference Presentation)

The efficiency of generation of energetic plasmonic carriers in metal nanostructures strongly depends on the optical design and material composition. This study demonstrates the ability to generate large numbers of hot plasmonic carriers in specially-designed hybrid nanostructures with hot spots. Overall, nanostructures with small sizes or with hot spots can create unusually large numbers of energetic electrons that can be observed using ultra-fast spectroscopy or in photo-chemical experiments.
Defeating Buffer Overflow: A Trivial but Dangerous Bug

With the C programming language comes buffer overflows. Because it is unlikely that the use of C will stop any time soon, the authors present some ways to deal with buffer overflows--both how to detect and prevent them.
Long Noncoding RNAs: At the Intersection of Cancer and Chromatin Biology

Although only 2% of the genome encodes protein, RNA is transcribed from the majority of the genetic sequence, suggesting a massive degree of cellular functionality is programmed in the noncoding genome. The mammalian genome contains tens of thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which occur at disease-associated loci or are specifically expressed in cancer. Although the vast majority of lncRNAs have no known function, recurring molecular mechanisms for lncRNAs are now being observed in chromatin regulation and cancer pathways and emerging technologies are now providing tools to interrogate lncRNA molecular interactions and determine function of these abundant cellular macromolecules.
Derivation of Flow Equations for Sewage Sludges

Paper cites solutions of equations which have been derived by others and reported in various texts; coverage is limited to time-independent non-Newtonian liquids flowing in capillary and rotational viscometers and smooth pipes; how these solutions can be used to analyze flow behavior of sewage sludges; 2 useful mathematical models of shear stress-shear rate relationships were found available as starting point.
Experimental Studies of Two Dimensional Melting

The nature of the crystalline state in two dimensions (2D) is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the form of the structure factor S(K) peculiar to 2D. Effects due to finite size are discussed, and it is shown that in most cases, this does not severely modify the expected power-law behavior for S(K) at most accessible wavevectors. The experimental determination of 2D solid and fluid phases in adsorbed monolayers is reviewed with particular reference to vapor-pressure isotherms, heat capacity and diffraction measurements. Results of diffraction studies of S(K) in the crystalline phase, and of the melting of incommensurate adsorbed monolayers and liquid crystal films are presented and discussed in the light of the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory of 2D melting. Finally, experiments on the lattice-gas-type melting of commensurate adsorbed monolayers are discussed with reference to theoretical expectations based on q-state Potts model calculations.
An Analytical Study of Circularly Pulse-Shaped FBMC-OQAM Waveforms

Circular filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (C-FBMC-OQAM) is one the recently introduced waveforms, which has shown promising characteristics to accommodate the requirements of future communication systems. In this letter, we analytically delve into some interesting properties of C-FBMC-OQAM waveform and, in particular, prove that the real and imaginary parts of the demodulated subcarrier signals carry exactly the same information. Hence, ignoring the imaginary part of the demodulated subcarrier signals does not incur any loss of information.
Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein motility

Abstract Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for a diverse range of intracellular movements. Dynein is the largest and the most complex of the known microtubule motor proteins. Its mechanochemical mechanism is subject to diverse allosteric inputs that change the motor's output and presumably adapt it for specific intracellular tasks. One of these allosteric regulators is the 23-subunit dynactin complex. There is evidence for the role of dynactin in dynein motility in nearly every cellular context in which dynein has been studied, yet the molecular mechanism for dynactin function remains elusive. Recently, several large leaps in parsing both the structure and function of dynactin have been made by several groups. This chapter will detail an updated understanding of the role of dynactin in dynein motility.
Arc flash risk assessment for a megawatt scale medium voltage research and testing facility

Arc flash is one of the leading causes of injury and death in electrical work-related incidents. In recent years, arc flash risk mitigation and protection solutions have become the forefront topics in the electrical industry studies. Conventional techniques provide ways to lower incident energy on installed systems but they add to the system limitations. This is a case study which explores arc flash risk assessment process and mitigation techniques used for an operating research facility consisting of 7.5 MW and 15 MW wind turbine mechanical testbeds in addition to a 15 MVA experimental power grid.
SQuIRE: Software for quantifying interspersed repeat elements

Interspersed repeat sequences make up much of the human genome. Conventional approaches to RNA-seq analysis often exclude these sequences, fail to optimally adjudicate read alignments, or align reads to interspersed repeat consensus sequences without considering these transcripts in their genomic contexts. As a result, repetitive sequence contributions to transcriptomes are not well understood. Here, we present Software for Quantifying Interspersed Repeat Expression (SQuIRE), an RNA-seq analysis pipeline that integrates repeat and genome annotation (RepeatMasker), read alignment (STAR), gene expression (StringTie) and differential expression (DESeq2). SQuIRE uniquely provides a locus-specific picture of interspersed repeat-encoded RNA expression. SQuIRE can be downloaded at (github.com/wyang17/SQuIRE) or PyPI.
A FOURIER METHOD TO DESCRIBE AND COMPARE SUTURE PATTERNS

Suture patterns in shelled cephalopods are periodic structures and can be described using Fourier methods when points along the pattern are described by two parametric equations. One equation describes the angular position along the circumference of the phragmacone, and another describes the height along the length of the shell. The angular position is amenable to Fourier description transformed to the difference between the observed angle and the angle expected if the suture line were straight. An accurate reconstruction of ammonitic suture patterns is accomplished with few amplitudes. Applying the method to the digitized suture patterns provides a more accurate means of interpolation than linear interpolation, necessary for comparison between suture patterns. Simple “nautilitic” and complex “ammonitic” suture patterns from the literature are used to demonstrate application of the method. Ontogenetic series of suture patterns may develop first by increasing variability in their height, and only later by increasing variability in the angular positions. The method invites new approaches of analysis, including different approaches to nearest neighbor analysis to determine patterns of similarity between suture patterns.