cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow Separation Control Over a Ramp Using Sweeping Jet Actuators

Flow separation control on an adverse-pressure-gradient ramp model was investigated using various flow-control methods in the NASA Langley 15-Inch Wind Tunnel. The primary flow-control method studied used a sweeping jet actuator system to compare with more classic flow-control techniques such as micro-vortex generators, steady blowing, and steady- and unsteady-vortex generating jets. Surface pressure measurements and a new oilflow visualization technique were used to characterize the effects of these flow-control actuators. The sweeping jet actuators were run in three different modes to produce steady-straight, steady-angled, and unsteady-oscillating jets. It was observed that all of these flow-control methods are effective in controlling the separated flows on the ramp model. The steady-straight jet energizes the boundary layer by momentum addition and was found to be the least effective method for a fixed momentum coefficient. The steady-angled jets achieved better performance than the steady-straight jets because they generate streamwise vortices that energize the boundary layer by mixing high-momentum fluid with near wall low-momentum fluid. The unsteady-oscillating jets achieved the best performance by increasing the pressure recovery and reducing the downstream flow separation. Surface flow visualizations indicated that two out-of-phase counter-rotating vortices are generated per sweeping jet actuator, while one vortex is generated per vortex-generating jets. The extra vortex resulted in increased coverage, more pressure recovery, and reduced flow separation.
Aerodynamic Correlations for a Fin with a Vortex- Induced Angle of Attack

An experimental program has been conducted using fins mounted on one wall of a transonic wind tunnel to study the interaction of a trailing vortex with a downstream control surface. Data are collected using two primary diagnostics, a fin balance mounted on the downstream fin to measure the aerodynamic forces of the interaction, and stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry applied in past work to obtain the properties of the vortex responsible for the interaction. Both a lateral offset between the two fins and the upstream fin angle of attack modify the forces upon the trailing fin through the same phenomenon, by altering the induced angle of attack upon the downstream fin. The force and moment coefficients on the downstream fin were found to correlate well with its total angle of attack as the data, in most cases, collapsed to a single curve in all three components when plotted against total angle of attack. This makes it possible to estimate the forces upon a downstream fin when only the single fin aerodynamic characteristics and vortex properties are known.
Assessing Teacher Confidence and Proficiency With Sexuality Education Standards: Implication for Professional Development

The timely emergence of the National Teacher Preparation Standards for Sexuality Education in the United States will transform preparation of future educators and provide guidance for professional development training of current sexuality educators. This article focuses on identifying factors that affect sexuality education by examining perceptions and experiences held by certified Rhode Island public school health educators. Study participants were asked to respond to questions addressing their confidence in teaching sexuality education topics, ability to plan and implement sexuality lessons with the National Health Education Standards, and ability/proficiency in the National Teacher Preparation Standards for Sexuality Education. The topic of identity (36%), which addresses people’s understanding of who they are, was the only topic identified by the National Sexuality Education Standards that teachers were uncomfortable teaching. The majority of the educators felt very confident in their abilities to tea...
Biogeomorphology and contingent ecosystem engineering in karst landscapes

While karst is not biogenic in the same sense as, say, coral reefs or peat bogs, and carbonate dissolution can occur abiotically, formation of karst landscapes would not occur in the absence of the biosphere. Seven levels of biogeomorphic biotic-abiotic interactions are identified, from indirect impacts to landforms as extended phenotypes. Karst is generally near the biogenic end of that spectrum, featuring reciprocal interactions and mutual adjustments between biota and landforms and interrelated geomorphological and ecological processes. Karst biogeomorphology may also involve niche construction. In many cases biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering in karst is contingent, in the sense that the engineer organisms may have no, or different, biogeomorphic impacts in non-karst environments. Several examples of contingent ecosystem engineering in karst are given, including biogeomorphic effects of chinkapin oak. Abiotic geomorphic features exist on Earth, but consideration of landform types lying between the bi...
Velocity-weakening behavior of Westerly granite at temperature up to 600°C

The deep limit to seismicity in continental crust is believed to be controlled by a transition from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening friction based on experimental measurements of the rate dependence of friction at different temperatures. Available experimental data on granite suggest a transition to stable creep at about 350 ° C (∼15 km depth). Here we present results from unconfined experiments on Westerly granite at both dry and hydrated conditions that show increasingly unstable slip (velocity-weakening behavior) at temperature up to 600 ° C. A comparison of previously published experimental results with those presented in this study suggests that the rate and state friction parameters strongly depend on normal stress and pore pressure at high (>400 ° C) temperature, which may help explain regional variations in the depth distribution of earthquakes in continental crust. Temperature dependence of the rate and state friction parameters may also contribute to strong dynamic weakening observed in high-speed friction experiments on crystalline rocks such as granite and gabbro.
THE INHERENT STRUCTURE OF NASAL SEGMENTS

Publisher Summary The geometrical representation of nasal segments must be determined by providing answers to two basic questions that what is the relation between the feature [nasal] and the rest of the phonological features of a segment and whether the feature [nasal] is privative or equipollent. This chapter presents the survey of the literature addressing these two questions and presents a re-analysis of the behavior of nasal consonants and vowels in a number of languages. The feature [nasal] is supralaryngeal and privative. The chapter explains whether the feature [nasal] is equipollent or privative. The equipollent analysis allows a language to exhibit the two values + and – of [nasal]; the privative analysis allows only the value +, which contrasts with the absence of a value or [0 nasal]. The relation between [nasal] and the rest of the phonological features is to be represented by placing [nasal] in the same group as [continuant] as a supralaryngeal feature. The equipollent versus privative status of [nasal] depends on the contrastive force of this feature within a given underlying inventory.
Code as information and code as spectacle

In this artist statement, I will discuss the tension between source code as an interactive system for performers and source code as information and entertainment for audiences in live-coding perfor...
Grave connections: Algeria’s Jewish cemeteries as sites of diaspora-homeland contact

AbstractIn the midst of the Algerian Civil War of the 1990s, one Jewish family attempted to lay their slain father to rest in the Jewish cemetery of Algiers, which had been closed to the public since 1962. This article explores the process in which the family not only gained access to the cemetery, but also essentially became its caretaker. Through caring for the abandoned graves, the family of three brothers has cultivated new connections with their own Algerian Jewish past as well as the greater community of Algerian Jews living abroad.
A topically-sprayable, activatable fluorescent and retaining probe, SPiDER-βGal for detecting cancer: Advantages of anchoring to cellular proteins after activation

SPiDER-βGal is a newly-developed probe that is activated by β-galactosidase and is then retained within cells by anchoring to intracellular proteins. Previous work has focused on gGlu-HMRG, a probe activated by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, which demonstrated high sensitivity for the detection of peritoneal ovarian cancer metastases in an animal model. However, its fluorescence, after activation by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, rapidly declines over time, limiting the actual imaging window and the ability to define the border of lesions. The purpose of this study is to compare the fluorescence signal kinetics of SPiDER-βGal with that of gGlu-HMRG using ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and ex vivo tissue imaging. In vitro removal of gGlu-HMRG resulted in a rapid decrease of fluorescence intensity followed by a more gradual decrease up to 60 min while there was a gradual increase in fluorescence up to 60 min after removal of SPiDER-βGal. This is most likely due to internalization and retention of the dye within cells. This was also confirmed ex vivo tissue imaging using a red fluorescence protein (RFP)-labeled tumor model in which the intensity of fluorescence increased gradually after activation of SPiDER-βGal. Additionally, SPiDER-βGal resulted in intense enhancement within the tumor due to the high target-to-background ratio, which extended up to 60 min after activation. In contrast, gGlu-HMRG fluorescence resulted in decreasing fluorescence over time in extracted tumors. Thus, SPiDER-βGal has the advantages of higher signal with more signal retention, resulting in improved contrast of the tumor margin and suggesting it may be an alternative to existing activatable probes.
A Thorium Chalcogenolate Series Generated by Atom Insertion into Thorium-Carbon Bonds.

A new thorium monoalkyl complex, Th(CH2SiMe3)(L3) (L = MeC(NiPr)2) (2), undergoes insertion of chalcogen atoms resulting in a series of thorium chalcogenolate complexes, Th(ECH2SiMe3)(L3) (E = S, SS, Se, Te; 5–8). Complex 6 represents the first alkyl disulfide thorium species and illustrates the ability of 2 to undergo controllable, stoichiometric atom insertion. All complexes have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, EA, and melting point, and in the case of 1, 2, and 4–8, X-ray crystallography. Insertion was achieved by balancing the thermodynamic driving force of chalcogenolate formation versus the BDE of the pnictogen–chalcogen bond in the transfer reagent. Utilizing Me3NO as an oxygen atom transfer reagent led to C–H activation and SiMe4 extrusion rather than oxygen atom insertion, resulting in the alkoxide complex Th(OCH2NMe2)(L3) (4).
Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas: An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Pain.

Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare tumor that accounts for less than one percent of pancreatic tumors. The diagnosis could be challenging as SPN tend to manifest with nonspecific abdominal symptoms, variable radiological features, and inconsistent morphology. The cellular origin of SPN is unclear and might involve ductal, acinar and endocrine stem cells. We report a rare case of a 27-year-old female who presented with intermittent abdominal pain for two years, associated with a decrease in appetite. Her medical history was significant for abdominoplasty five years ago. Vital signs were stable. Physical examination revealed mild epigastric tenderness. Laboratory tests were unremarkable. Contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a 2 x 2 cm indeterminate pancreatic tail lesion. An endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) disclosed a 2.1 x 1.8 cm hypoechoic mass in the tail of the pancreas.Trans-gastric fine needle aspiration was obtained to show clusters of uniform neoplastic cells with abundant cytoplasm and oval bean-shaped nuclei. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for beta-catenin, Vimentin, CD10, CD56, cytokeratin-7 (Ck7), Cyclin D1, and negative for chromogranin, epithelial-cadherin (E cadherin) which was consistent with a pseudopapillary tumor. The patient underwent a robotic assisted en-bloc distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. There were no intra-abdominal metastases. SPN is a rare tumor characterized by a specific immunohistological pattern which makes it highly distinct from other pancreatic neoplasms particularly neuroendocrine tumors, acinar carcinomas, and carcinoids. It is important to differentiate SPN from other pancreatic neoplasms because it is characterized as low potential for malignancy and a favorable prognosis after resection, with a five-year survival rate approaching 85%-95%.
Impact of Duration of Neutropenia and Lymphopenia on AML Patients Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy

Background: Various demographic, clinical and cytogenetic factors have been shown to affect the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Some of these risk factors are well-described with performance status and patient age being principal predictors of early death while cytogenetic and molecular factors allow stratification into prognostic categories. However, several critical factors have not been adequately assessed. Typically AML patients treated with standard induction chemotherapy will have cytopenias requiring intervention. Often the neutropenia is prolonged and results in neutropenic fevers and a high risk of infections. We hereby describe a single institution retrospective analysis at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) in which we evaluate the effect of duration of days with at risk absolute neutrophil (ANC) and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) and the occurrence of neutropenic fever on survival and response rates of AML patients. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of AML adult patients who were diagnosed and treated at OUHSC between 2000 and 2014 and were undergoing initial induction chemotherapy. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), event free survival (EFS: in case of relapse or death) and complete response (CR). Variables of interest wereneutropenic fever, and duration of decreased ANC and ALC counts (ANC Results: A total of 153 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 50 years, 35.7 % female, 64.3% male. Based on cytogenetics 16.9% were in favorable category, 28.6% in intermediate, 25.3% in unfavorable risk group, and 29.2% unknown. Mean number of weeks with ANC Conclusion: In this single-institution, retrospective study, we identified that the duration of neutropenia along with the presence of neutropenic fever during induction therapy adversely affected OS and EFS. Shorter duration of neutropenia significantly correlated with CR. Duration of days with ALC count Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Open Abdomen in Trauma and Critical Care

The open abdomen technique and temporary abdominal closure after damage control surgery is fast becoming the standard of care for managing intra-abdominal bleeding and infectious or ischemic processes in critically ill patients. Expansion of this technique has evolved from damage control surgery in severely injured trauma patients to use in patients with abdominal compartment syndrome due to acute pancreatitis and other disorders. Subsequent therapies after use of the open abdomen technique and temporary abdominal closure are resuscitation in the intensive care unit and planned reoperation to manage the underlying cause of bleeding, infection, or ischemia. Determining the need for this potentially lifesaving intervention and managing the wound after the open abdomen has been created are all within the realm of critical care nurses. Case studies illustrate the implementation of the open abdomen technique and patient management strategies.
On the Impossibility that J M Keynes Ever Collaborated with R. Kahn, J. Robinson, or A. Robinson When He Wrote the General Theory in 1936

In 1948, J. Robinson published an article in the French journal Economie Appliquee in which she claimed that the General Theory was a work of collaboration. Marcuzzo (2002) claims that R. Kahn was a collaborator with Keynes in writing the General Theory. The post General Theory work of J. Robinson and R. Kahn offers overwhelming evidence that they not only did not collaborate with Keynes in the writing of the General Theory, but that they had no idea whatsoever about what Keynes was doing theoretically when he wrote the General Theory. The foundation of the General Theory is Keynes’s IS-LP(LM) model of the rate of interest incorporating Liquidity Preference Keynes’s model is developed in chapters 10 and 13-15 of the General Theory. Keynes summarized this model in great detail in chapter 21 in section IV of the General Theory. Keynes integrated uncertainty and/or confidence into the IS-LP(LM) model of the rate of interest as a shift parameter. His IS-LP(LM) model was a formal, simultaneous, four equation, mathematical model that Keynes supported with three pages of formal mathematical elasticity analysis in chapter 21 on pp.304-306. The Kahn-Robinson’s constant claim was that there was no IS-LP(LM) model in the General Theory because Keynes was an anti formalist, Marshallian whose views on uncertainty made any type of mathematical model building in economics impossible because of the organic nature of society. This view, in fact, directly and seriously conflicts with Keynes’s General Theory.
Spatial coherence of fields from generalized sources in the Fresnel regime

Analytic expressions of the spatial coherence of partially coherent fields propagating in the Fresnel regime in all but the simplest of scenarios are largely lacking, and calculation of the Fresnel transform typically entails tedious numerical integration. Here, we provide a closed-form approximation formula for the case of a generalized source obtained by modulating the field produced by a Gauss-Shell source model with a piecewise constant transmission function, which may be used to model the field's interaction with objects and apertures. The formula characterizes the coherence function in terms of the coherence of the Gauss-Schell beam propagated in free space and a multiplicative term capturing the interaction with the transmission function. This approximation holds in the regime where the intensity width of the beam is much larger than the coherence width under mild assumptions on the modulating transmission function. The formula derived for generalized sources lays the foundation for the study of the inverse problem of scene reconstruction from coherence measurements.
Advanced EUS Guided Tissue Acquisition Methods for Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreas cancer is a lethal cancer as the majority patients are diagnosed at an advanced incurable stage. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities and management strategies, including surgery and chemotherapies, the outcome of pancreas cancer remains poor. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an important imaging tool for pancreas cancer. For decades, resected pancreas cancer and other cancer specimens have been used to identify tissue biomarkers or genomics for precision therapy; however, only 20% of patients undergo surgery, and thus, this framework is not useful for unresectable pancreas cancer. With advancements in needle technologies, tumor specimens can be obtained at the time of tissue diagnosis. Tumor tissue can be used for development of personalized cancer treatment, such as performing whole exome sequencing and global genomic profiling of pancreas cancer, development of tissue biomarkers, and targeted mutational assays for precise chemotherapy treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in tissue acquisition of pancreas cancer.
Organizational Efffects of Gonadal Hormones Induce Qualitative Differences in Visuospatial Navigation

Since the pioneering work of Phoenix, Goy, Gerall, and Young in 1959, considerable evidence has demonstrated that gonadal hormones, which are secreted in high quantities by the neonatal male mammal and which act at specific neural receptor sites in the brain, are the proximate cause of a number of neuroanatomical and behavioral differences between male and females. Hormone-dependent structural dimorphisms have been described in a number of brain regions including: hypothalamus, preoptic area, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, habenula and spinal cord (for review see Arnold and Gorski, 1984; Toran-Allerand, 1984), and hormone-induced sexual dimorphisms occur in a variety of reproductive (see Goy and McEwen, 1980) and nonreproductive behaviors (see Beatty, 1992). However, with the possible exception of the frog and songbird vocal control centers (see DeVoogd, 1984; Kelley, 1987), the sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus of the bulbo-cavernosus, which innervates the penile musculature for erection (see Fishman and Breedlove, 1988), and the medial and lateral sexually dimorphic area of the gerbil hypothalamus which appears to be essential for masculine sexual behavior (Yahr, this volume) the precise sexually dimorphic functions subserved by these neuroanatomical differences or even subserved by the regional localization of these differences is largely unknown. These sexually dimorphic systems in which brain and behavior can be related rely on behaviors which are present in the male, but are absent or not frequently displayed by the female.
Function approximation with a classifier system

A classifier system, XCSF, is introduced in which the prediction estimation mechanism is used to learn approximations to functions. The addition of weight vectors to the classifiers allows piecewise-linear approximation. Results on functions of up to six dimensions show high accuracy. An interesting generalization of classifier structure is suggested.
INFRARED STRUCTURAL STUDIES BEYOND FIFTY MICRONS

Summary Applications of a small grating spectrometer to problems of molecular structure by investigation of infrared absorption spectra in the region 50—300 cm–1 are reviewed. All molecules were studied in the vapor phase and both rotational and vibrational spectra were obtained. Pure rotational spectra of nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulfur dioxide are mentioned briefly. The value of far infrared spectra for study of low vibrational frequencies is discussed. It is pointed out that molecules with several potential minima usually have low frequencies and that observation of these frequencies can be useful in determination of the heights of barriers separating minima. Three origins of multiple minima are discussed: hindered rotation, inversion and quasi-linearity. Far infrared spectra of molecules illustrating each of these three types are described. Data are presented for methyl amine, hydrazine, trimethylene oxide and disiloxane.
Physiological and Environmental Factors Affecting the Composition of the Ejaculate in Mosquitoes and Other Insects

In addition to transferring sperm, male mosquitoes deliver several proteins, hormones and other factors to females in their seminal fluid that inhibit remating, alter host-seeking behaviors and stimulate oviposition. Recently, bioinformatics, transcriptomics and proteomics have been used to characterize the genes transcribed in male reproductive tissues and the individual proteins that are delivered to females. Thanks to these foundational studies, we now understand the complexity of the ejaculate in several mosquito species. Building on this work, researchers have begun to identify the functions of various proteins and hormones in the male ejaculate, and how they mediate their effects on female mosquitoes. Here, we present an overview of these studies, followed by a discussion of an under-studied aspect of male reproductive physiology: the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the composition of the ejaculate. We argue that future research in this area would improve our understanding of male reproductive biology from a physiological and ecological perspective, and that researchers may be able to leverage this information to study key components of the ejaculate. Furthermore, this work has the potential to improve mosquito control by allowing us to account for relevant factors when implementing vector control strategies involving male reproductive biology.
Tat inhibition by didehydro-Cortistatin A promotes heterochromatin formation at the HIV-1 long terminal repeat

Transcription from the integrated HIV-1 promoter is directly governed by its chromatin environment, and the nucleosome-1 downstream from the transcription start site directly impedes transcription from the HIV-1 promoter. The HIV-1 Tat protein regulates the passage from viral latency to active transcription by binding to the viral mRNA hairpin (TAR) and recruiting transcriptional factors to promote transcriptional elongation. The Tat inhibitor didehydro-Cortistatin A (dCA) inhibits transcription and overtime, the lack of low-grade transcriptional events, triggers epigenetic changes at the latent loci that “lock” HIV transcription in a latent state. Here we investigated those epigenetic changes using multiple cell line models of HIV-1 latency and active transcription. We demonstrated that dCA treatment does not alter the classic nucleosome positioning at the HIV-1 promoter, but promotes tighter nucleosome/DNA association correlating with increased deacetylated H3 occupancy at nucleosome-1. Recruitment of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex PBAF, necessary for Tat-mediated transactivation, is also inhibited, while recruitment of the repressive BAF complex is enhanced. These results were supported by loss of RNA polymerase II recruitment on the HIV genome, even during strong stimulation with latency-reversing agents. No epigenetic changes were detected in cell line models of latency with Tat-TAR incompetent proviruses confirming the specificity of dCA for Tat. We characterized the dCA-mediated epigenetic signature on the HIV genome, which translates into potent blocking effects on HIV expression, further strengthening the potential of Tat inhibitors in “block-and-lock” functional cure approaches.
Internal and External Alignment: The Twain May Never Meet

Firms invest significant resources in environmental sensing and internal communication activities as they believe that they can simultaneously achieve high levels of internal and external alignment...
Child-related attributions of hostile intent and harsh discipline: Moderating effects of anger.

Two studies tested whether attributions of hostile intent (AHI) and anger for ambiguous child behaviors uniquely predict parents' harsh verbal discipline (HVD) and harsh physical discipline (HPD) or whether AHI only predicts harsh discipline when AHI occurs in conjunction with anger, as suggested by the Integrated Cognitive Model of general aggression (Wilkowski & Robinson, 2010, J. Pers., 78, 9-38). Replicating previous studies, the expected positive bivariate relationships between AHI, anger, HVD, and HPD were found in Study 1 (N = 493). However, when AHI, anger, and the AHI by anger interaction were considered simultaneously, patterns of prediction varied by discipline type. For HVD, high levels of AHI, high levels of anger, and the AHI by anger interaction (at high levels of AHI and anger) each were significant predictors. For HPD, low levels of AHI, high levels of anger, and the AHI by anger interaction (at high levels of AHI and anger) were significant predictors, suggesting a possible suppressor effect for AHI. These results were replicated in Study 2 ( N = 503). Thus, there was support for the contention that AHI only predicts harsh discipline when AHI occurs in conjunction with anger with respect to HPD but this was not the case for HVD. Since AHI suppressor effects were observed for HPD in two large sample studies, variables that may account for the AHI suppressor effects and the need for testing more complex interactive predictive models of harsh parenting behaviors are discussed.
When Nobody Wins

We argue that lexical gaps arise when language learners fail to find productive rules in a morphological domain. Using the Tolerance Principle as a formal model of productivity, we show that lexical gaps can be predicted on purely numerical grounds using lexical statistics, with case studies on Spanish, Polish, and Russian. The learnability approach taken here leads to simpler theories of morphology.
Central nervous system tumors in 2-year rat carcinogenicity studies: perspectives on human risk assessment

Rodent in vivo carcinogenicity bioassays are required for human risk assessment and have been utilized in this capacity for decades. Accordingly, there is an abundance of data that could be accessed and analyzed to better understand the translatability of xenobiotic-induced rodent tumors to human risk assessment. In the past decade, various groups have published assessments of the value garnered by these life-time rodent studies. Results and recommendations from the International Council for Harmonization Expert Working Group (ICH-S1 EWG) on the predictability of the current testing paradigm and proposal for an integrated approach to human carcinogenicity risk assessment are pending. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors in rats are rare and translatability to human remains unknown. This review focuses on microglial cell tumors (MCT) of the CNS in rats including its classification, nomenclature, incidence and translatability to human risk assessment. Based on emerging immunohistochemistry (IHC) characterization, glial tumors previously thought of astrocytic origin are more likely MCTs. These may be considered rodent specific and glucose dysregulation may be one component contributing to their formation. Based on review of the literature, MCTs are rarely diagnosed in humans, thus this tumor type may be rat-specific. We propose to include MCTs as a tumor type in revised International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) classification and all glial tumors to be classified as MCTs unless proven otherwise by IHC.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Pharmacy students’ and faculty attitudes regarding consumerism in academia

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the attitudes regarding student consumerism and academic entitlement among pharmacy students and faculty and the association of student consumerism with professionalism in the classroom. Methods: The authors surveyed students and faculty at a college of pharmacy to measure attitudes for ‘student as the consumer’ and ‘student as the product’ of pharmacy education. The authors assessed the face validity, factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha value to examine the validity and reliability of their newly developed scales. Further, they used ordinal logistic regressions to analyse the association of student consumerism with professionalism in the classroom among pharmacy students. Results: The majority of student participants were female, had bachelor degrees, and were employed as pharmacy technicians or interns. The student survey scales exhibited high validity and reliability. Amongst pharmacy students, the authors found high levels of attitudes for students as both the consumers and the products of pharmacy education. However, most of the faculty believed that students are the products and not the consumers of pharmacy education. Further, the students who believed that they are the consumers of pharmacy education were more likely to be unprofessional in the classroom. Conclusion: Although students had high levels of attitude regarding student consumerism, they still believed that the goal of their education is professional competence. It is important to curb student consumerism to curtail unprofessional behaviour in the classroom. Education and support should be provided to the faculty in their efforts to check consumerism among pharmacy students.
18 – Generalizability Theory

Publisher Summary Generalizability theory is a random sampling theory for examining the dependability of measurement procedures that has been heralded by many psychometricians as “the most broadly defined psychometric model currently in existence.” This chapter provides a nontechnical overview of generalizability theory and illustrates its use as a comprehensive method for designing, assessing, and improving the dependability of measurement procedures. Throughout the chapter, example cases and situations are explained in detail to enable the reader verify calculations and replicate the results. In addition, references are made to computer packages. The chapter also enables readers to use generalizability theory procedures in their own research. The chapter begins with an overview of the fundamentals of generalizability theory, with particular focus on the simple one-facet model, which is the most common measurement procedure used. The basic concepts extended to multifaceted and multivariate measurement designs, and some new extensions to the basic generalizability theory approach are introduced. The chapter concludes by providing an overview of computer programs that can be used to conduct generalizability analyses.
Learn from Failure or Exit? Evidence from Executive Turnover Following Product Recalls

What is the likelihood of turnover if an organization has not been learning from failures? Which firm strategies and actions moderate turnover following an adverse corporate event? Prior research h...
How US dental schools can better prepare their students to perform operative procedures.

Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the curricular and supplemental resources used by dental students during their operative dentistry course, survey students' perception of each resource's "helpfulness," and assess students' perceptions of preparedness to perform operative dental procedures in clinical settings. Methods American Student Dental Association delegates at all accredited dental education programs in the United States were asked to forward an email to students enrolled at their respective institutions explaining the purpose of the study and asking them to fill out our survey. The response rate was calculated using the targeted enrollment data found in American Dental Education Association Official Guide to Dental Schools. Results A total of 715 qualified respondents completed our questionnaire for a response rate of 13.5%. 90% of students felt at least "moderately prepared" to perform operative procedures in the clinical environment. The 3 most common curricular resources provided to students were lecture slides (n = 707, 99%), live lectures (n = 664, 93%), and live faculty demonstrations (n = 547, 77%). YouTube was the most common supplemental resource utilized by students (n = 575, 80%). When asked to select which resources were the most helpful for their learning, 49% (270/547) selected live faculty demonstrations, 27% (153/575) selected YouTube videos, and 23% (155/664) selected lectures/lecture slides. Conclusion To best meet the expectations of the current generation of dental students and to prevent early-stage dental learners from being influenced by clinical misinformation online, dental schools should consider adapting and producing more online, video-based learning resources for their curricula.
HiperView : real-time monitoring of dynamic behaviors of high-performance computing centers

This paper presents HiperView, a visual analytics framework monitoring and characterizing the health status of high-performance computing systems through a RESTful interface in real time. The primary objectives of this visual analytical system are: (1) to provide a graphical interface for tracking the health status of a large number of data center hosts in real-time statistics, (2) to help users visually analyze unusual behavior of a series of events that may have temporal and spatial correlation, and (3) to assist in performing preliminary troubleshooting and maintenance with a visual layout that reflects the actual physical locations. Two use cases were analyzed in detail to assess the effectiveness of the HiperView on a medium-scale, Redfish-enabled production high-performance computing system with a total of 10 racks and 467 hosts. The visualization apparatus has been proven to offer the necessary support for system automation and control. Our framework’s visual components and interfaces are designed to potentially handle a larger-scale data center of thousands of hosts with hundreds of various health services per host.
Surgical Management of Bands and Adhesions

The intestine is fixed at two peritoneal reflections: the ligament of Treitz proximally and the ileocecal fold, or ligament of Treves distally. Normal embryologic rotation is required for the fixation of these points and orientation of the intestine. Embryologic rotation may be arrested resulting in malrotation most commonly diagnosed within the first year of life which is discussed in detail in another chapter. Rarely, malrotation is diagnosed in adult patients and adhesions between the cecum and duodenum (Ladd bands), or a narrow mesentery base are identified. By far the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in Western world is adhesions caused by previous surgery and scarring. Approximately 95% of patients who undergo abdominal surgery will develop adhesive disease which is a result of normal healing.
Seasonal Distribution of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Captures in Woods-to-Orchard Pheromone Trap Transects in Virginia.

The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is a pest of numerous economically important crops in the USA. In the Mid-Atlantic region, it is a significant, direct pest in tree fruit orchards, many of which are bordered by woodlots containing a variety of its deciduous tree and shrub hosts. During the growing season, H. halys moves from woodland habitats into crops, but seasonal changes in its relative abundance between these adjacent habitats have not been examined. Using linear transects of six pheromone-baited pyramid traps that extended from 100 m into the interior of woodlots to 100 m into the interior of adjacent commercial apple orchards in Virginia, spatiotemporal changes in H. halys captures were measured during three growing seasons. Captures of H. halys adults and nymphs were recorded weekly from May through October, and annual data were separated into early, mid, and late-season captures. Only adults were captured during the early season, and there was no indication of a spatial trend in captures across traps in the transects among years. Beginning in mid-season and becoming increasingly apparent by late season, captures of H. halys adults and nymphs tended to become most frequent in traps at the woods and orchard edges and at 50 m into the orchard interior. These findings conform with and expand upon previous research documenting an edge effect for H. halys relative abundance and can inform and support the optimization of perimeter-based management strategies for H. halys in Mid-Atlantic apple orchards.
Capsule Commentary on Blecker et al., Impact of an Intervention to Improve Weekend Hospital Care at an Academic Medical Center: An Observational Study

This observational trial by Blecker et al. evaluated the effect of an intervention, called the 7-Day Hospital Initiative, on the primary outcome of length of stay in a large tertiary-care academic hospital1. The intervention consisted of five components, including expanded access to diagnostic procedures on weekends, expanded hospitalist coverage and improved handoffs on weekends, increased weekend care management, improved discharge processes, and increased scheduling of elective surgeries on weekends. The study showed a 13 % decrease in average length of stay (LOS)—the study’s primary outcome—immediately after the intervention as well as a persistent 1 % decrease in LOS each month thereafter, and a 12 % increase in weekend discharges immediately after the intervention, with a 2 % monthly increase thereafter. There was no impact on readmissions or mortality.
Prevalence and etiologies of adult communication disabilities in the United States: Results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey

Abstract Background Communication disabilities, including speech, language and voice disabilities, can significantly impact a person's quality of life, employment and health status. Despite this, little is known about the prevalence and etiology of communication disabilities in the general adult population. Objectives To assess the prevalence and etiology of communication disabilities in a nationally representative adult sample. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and analyzed the responses of non-institutionalized adults to the Sample Adult Core questionnaire within the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. We used respondents' self-report of having a speech, language or voice disability within the past year and receiving a diagnosis for one of these communication disabilities, as well as the etiology of their communication disability. We additionally examined the responses by subgroups, including sex, age, race and ethnicity, and geographical area. Results In 2012 approximately 10% of the US adult population reported a communication disability, while only 2% of adults reported receiving a diagnosis. The rates of speech, language and voice disabilities and diagnoses varied across gender, race/ethnicity and geographic groups. The most common response for the etiology of a communication disability was “something else.” Conclusions Improved understanding of population prevalence and etiologies of communication disabilities will assist in appropriately directing rehabilitation and medical services; potentially reducing the burden of communication disabilities.
Continuous culture of Rhodotorula rubra: kinetics of phosphate-arsenate uptake, inhibition, and phosphate-limited growth.

The pink yeast Rhodotorula rubra of marine origin was found to be capable of extended growth at very low phosphate concentrations (K0.5 = 10.8 nm). Average intracellular phosphate concentrations, based on isotope exchange techniques, were 15 to 200 nm, giving concentration gradients across the cell envelope of about 106. Sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors occurred at micromolar concentrations. Inability of the phosphate transport system, Ks = 0.5 to 2.8 μm, Vmax = 55 μmoles per g of cells per min, to discriminate against arsenate transport led to arsenate toxicity at 1 to 10 nm, whereas environmental arsenate levels are reportedly much higher. Phosphate competitively prevented arsenate toxicity. The Ki for phosphate inhibition of arsenate uptake was 0.7 to 1.2 μm. Phosphate uptake experiments showed that maximal growth rates could be achieved with approximately 4% of the total phosphate-arsenate transport system. Organisms adapted to a range both of concentration of NaCl and of pH. Maximal affinity for phosphate occurred at pH 4 and at low concentrations of NaCl; however, Vmax for phosphate transport was little affected. Maximal specific growth rates on minimal medium were consistent in batch culture but gradually increased to the much higher rates found with yeast extract media when the population was subjected to long-term continuous culture with gradually increasing dilution rates. Phosphate initial uptake rates that were in agreement with the steady-state flux in continuous culture were obtained by using organisms and medium directly from continuous culture. This procedure resulted in rates about 500 times greater than one in which harvested batch-grown cells were used. Discrepancies between values found and those reported in the literature for other organisms were even larger. Growth could not be sustained below a threshold phosphate concentration of 3.4 nm. Such thresholds are explained in terms of a system where growth rate is set by intracellular nutrient concentrations. Threshold concentrations occur in response to nutrient sinks not related to growth, such as efflux and endogenous metabolism. Equations are presented for evaluation of growth rate-limiting substrate concentrations in the presence of background substrate and for evaluating low inhibitor concentration inhibition mechanisms by substrate prevention of inhibitor flux.
Evaluating the validity of clinical codes to identify cataract and glaucoma in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine (i) the positive predictive value (PPV) of an algorithm using clinical codes to identify incident glaucoma and cataract events in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and (ii) the ability to capture the correct timing of these clinical events. Methods A total of 21 339 and 5349 potential cataract and glaucoma cases, respectively, were identified in CPRD between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2010. Questionnaires were sent to the general practitioners (GP) of 1169 (5.5%) cataract and 1163 (21.7%) glaucoma cases for validation. GPs were asked to verify the diagnosis and the timing of the diagnosis and to provide other supporting information. Results A total of 986 (84.3%) valid cataract questionnaires and 863 (74.2%) glaucoma questionnaires were completed. 92.1% and 92.4% of these used information beyond EMR to verify the diagnosis. Cataract and glaucoma diagnoses were confirmed in the large majority of the cases. The PPV (95% CI) of the cataract and glaucoma Read code algorithm were 92.0% (90.3–93.7%) and 84.1% (81.7–86.6%), respectively. However, timing of diagnosis was incorrect for a substantial proportion of the cases (20.3% and 32.8% of the cataract and glaucoma cases, respectively) among whom 30.4% and 49.2% had discrepancies in diagnosis timing greater than 1 year. Conclusions High PPV suggests that the algorithms based on the clinical Read codes are sufficient to identify the cataract and glaucoma cases in CPRD. However, these codes alone may not be able to accurately identify the timing of the diagnosis of these eye disorders. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CubeSat design for LEO-based Earth science missions

The 2001 University of Washington Space Design class designed and developed a CubeSat platform to accomplish science objectives related to ionospheric modeling. Small satellites (between 1 and 15 kg) show great promise as a low-cost option to perform limited LEO science missions. This paper describes a CubeSat bus that supports two mission architectures based on two instrument packages. Both architectures involve multiple CubeSats separated from each other to gather spatially and temporally distributed data. The first is a combined plasma impedance probe/DC probe system on two satellites, separated by a tether. The second is two separate CubeSats that perform GPS scintillation measurements. In addition to the common bus structure, unique design traits (such as tethered gravity gradient control) and extensive hardware and software prototyping are discussed in the paper.
On stability of non-linear differential systems

Abstract The object of this paper is to study the stability and asymptotic stability of solutions of the non-linear differential equation dx dt = A(t)x + f(t,x) by using the method of equivalent inner products. This method enables one to determine a stability region without the ingenuity in constructing a Lyapunov function. It shows also that for an unstable linear system it is possible to choose a non-linear function so that the non-linear system is stable or asymptotically stable. Both global and regional stability are discussed.