cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon disulfide axonopathy. Another experimental model characterized by acceleration of neurofilament transport and distinct changes of axonal size.

Abstract The role of axonal transport in the development of structural changes of axons can be examined using experimental models. Two different compounds, 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) and carbon disulfide (CS2), cause axonopathies characterized by the formation of neurofilaments (NF) containing enlargements in preterminal regions of central and peripheral axons. These axonopathies are excellent experimental models of the giant axonal neuropathies, a group of acquired and inherited human diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. We previously reported that following administration of 2,5-HD, transport of NF is accelerated while number of NF and cross-sectional area are decreased in regions of the axon proximal to the enlargements. We proposed that acceleration of NF transport leads to a ‘longitudinal’ redistribution of NF which are decreased proximally and increased distally where they form the NF containing axonal enlargements. We have now carried out morphometric, transport and immunocytohemical studies in primart visual axons of rats exposed to CS2. NF-containing axonal enlargements were observed in optic tract and superior colliculus and they increased in number in a proximodistal direction. There was no detectable axonal degeneration and the cross-sectional area of axons proximal to the enlargements was decreased. Transport of NF was markedly accelerated. Immunostaining showed that all 3 NF subunits and phosphorylated epitopes of the 200-kDa NF subunit were present in the NF-containing axonal enlargements. All these findings were similar to those previously observed in the 2,5-HD axonopathy. It is suggested that acceleration of NF transport and proximal reduction of axon caliber are the hallmarks of giant axonal neuropathies with distal NF-containing enlargements at stages of the disease preceding axonal degeneration. The type of transport alteration produced by CS2 and 2,5-HD is best explained by a direct effect of these compounds on the axonal cytoskeleton. The findings that 2,5-HD and CS2, which have different chemical properties, produce almost identical changes in slow transport indicates that despite their chemical difference, these two compounds alter the axonal cytoskeleton in a similar way.
Hemorrhage after a Simple Extraction of the Mandibular Left First Premolar

A case is reported of a sudden hemorrhage of the tooth socket after a simple extraction; the bleeding was thought to be caused by nitroglycerin medication.
Modeling and Cohesiveness Analysis of Midge Swarms

Midges Anarete pritchardi coordinate their flight motions to form a cohesive group during swarming. In this paper, individual midge motion dynamics, sensing abilities, and flight rules are represented with a midge swarm model. The sensing accuracy and flight rule are adjusted so that the model produces trajectory behavior, and velocity, speed, and acceleration distributions, that are remarkably similar to those found in midge swarm experiments. Mathematical analysis of the validated swarm model shows that the distances between the midges' positions and the swarm position centroid, and the midges' velocities and the swarm velocity centroid, are ultimately bounded i.e., eventually satisfy a bound expressed in terms of individual midge parameters. Likewise, the swarm position and velocity centroids are shown to be ultimately bounded. These analytical results provide insights into why the identified individual midge sensing characteristics and flight rule lead to cohesive swarm behavior.
Cross-Sex Best Friendship Influences on Early Adolescent Cigarette and Alcohol Expectancies and Use

In this study, the author investigates the influences of cross-sex best friends in early adolescence in regard to cigarettes and alcohol. Specific goals include determining the prevalence of cross-sex best friendships, investigating expectancies and perceived approval of the use of cigarettes and alcohol, and examining substance use levels. A group of urban sixth, seventh, and eighth graders completed a survey that addressed these issues. Results indicate the presence of cross-sex best friendships in the sample. Significant findings on cross-sex best friends' influence include positive expectancies for alcohol in sixth (p = .006) grade, the perception of seventh graders that the best friend's attitudes about smoking (p = .003) and drinking (p = .001) are less negative, and higher levels of cigarette use in sixth (p = .001) and eighth (p = .024) grade and alcohol use in sixth (p = .008), seventh (p = .002), and eighth grades (p = .039).
Automatic facial makeup detection with application in face recognition

Facial makeup has the ability to alter the appearance of a person. Such an alteration can degrade the accuracy of automated face recognition systems, as well as that of meth-ods estimating age and beauty from faces. In this work, we design a method to automatically detect the presence of makeup in face images. The proposed algorithm extracts a feature vector that captures the shape, texture and color characteristics of the input face, and employs a classifier to determine the presence or absence of makeup. Besides extracting features from the entire face, the algorithm also considers portions of the face pertaining to the left eye, right eye, and mouth. Experiments on two datasets consisting of 151 subjects (600 images) and 125 subjects (154 images), respectively, suggest that makeup detection rates of up to 93.5% (at a false positive rate of 1%) can be obtained using the proposed approach. Further, an adaptive pre-processing scheme that exploits knowledge of the presence or absence of facial makeup to improve the matching accuracy of a face matcher is presented.
SEM of the proximal tubule of the adult rabbit kidney

The present study utilizes the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal the surface morphology of proximal tubular cells and the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule of the adult rabbit nephron. To facilitate the examination of the basal surface of these cells, proximal tubules were dissected free and treated with collagenase to remove the basememt membrane. Other blocks of tissue were cryofractured to expose the lateral cell surfaces of the proximal tubules. Our investigation has shown that the lateral and basal surfaces of both the convoluted and straight segments of the proximal tubule have numerous processes. However, the arrangement and degree of branching is distinctly different in the two segments. The convoluted segment has large lateral ridges which form at the base of the microvilli and fan out to divide into lateral-basal processes. Many of the lateral-basal processes reach the basement membrane intact, interdigitating with complementary processes from adjacent cells. However, some of the lateral-basal processes branch into short, knobby projections (basal villi) which may also reach the basement membrane. Patches of basal villi are interspersed between broad regions of interdigitating lateralbasal processes. Therefore, in the convoluted segment, the lateral-basal processes form the major part of the basal cell surface. In tubular cells of the pars recta, unlike convoluted tubular cells, the majority of the ridges remain unbranched and pass directly to the basal surface where they divide into elaborate basal villi. Thus the basal surface of the pars recta cells is highly complex, appearing leaf-like, being a composite of numerous basal villi with a few lateral ridges. The basal surface of some parietal cells of Bowman's capsule have parallel ridges, which results in patches of striations.
Rheology and Water Imbibing of Major Fractions of Soybean Beverage

Six fractions of soybean cotyledons were prepared as slurries ranging from 10–65% solids. Cell wall material and protein had the highest consistency coefficients at a given concentration while the soluble carbohydrate had the lowest. Removal of cell wall material from full fat flour significantly reduced consistency coefficient while defatting had no significant effect. Pseudoplastic flow behavior increased with concentration for all fractions except the soluble carbohydrate, which showed Newtonian behavior regardless of concentration. Water imbibing ability correlated well with high consistency coefficients and pseudoplastic flow behavior.
Treatment of a proximal accessory nerve injury with nerve transfer

Objective and Hypothesis: This study presents a case report of a patient who sustained an iatrogenic proximal accessory nerve injury that was treated with a medial pectoral to accessory nerve transfer. Study Design: Case study. Materials and Methods: Chart of one patient who was treated with a medial pectoral to accessory nerve transfer was reviewed. Results: Five months after excision of a branchial cyst that resulted in a very proximal injury to the accessory nerve, this patient underwent a medial pectoral to accessory nerve transfer. At final follow-up, 3 years after surgery, the patient had full abduction overhead with some residual shoulder/scapular discomfort and mild scapular winging. Conclusion: The medial pectoral to accessory nerve transfer provides a viable surgical option with good reinnervation of the trapezius muscle in patients with a proximal accessory nerve injury where standard nerve repair or graft techniques are not feasible.
Distributed power delivery for energy efficient and low power systems

With the introduction of ultra-small on-chip voltage regulators, novel design methodologies are needed to determine the location of these on-chip power supplies and decoupling capacitors. In this paper, the optimal location of the power supplies and decoupling capacitors is determined for different size and number of components. Facility location problems are applied to determine the optimum location of power supplies and decoupling capacitors in the proposed methodology.
In vivo recovery of the injured anal sphincter after repair and injection of myogenic stem cells: an experimental model.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate in vivo function of the external anal sphincter after transection and repair augmented with myogenic stem cells, and to establish normative electromyography parameters of the rodent external anal sphincter. DESIGN AND SETTING Thirty-three Sprague-Dawley rodents underwent baseline needle electromyography of the external anal sphincter. Motor unit action potentials were obtained and normative parameters established. Animals were randomly assigned to a myogenic stem cell group (n = 24) or control group (n = 9). All underwent proctoepisiotomy. The control group underwent layered repair with phosphate-buffered saline injection to the external anal sphincter. The treatment group underwent identical repair with injection of myogenic stem cells 5.0 × 10. Baseline anal pressure recordings were collected and repeated 2 weeks postintervention, and electromyography was repeated at 2 and 4 weeks. Groups were compared across 3 time points with the use of repeated measures ANOVA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes measured were the functional recovery of rat anal sphincters after stem cell transplantation as assessed by objective electromyography and anal pressure measures. RESULTS A mean of 17 motor unit action potentials were sampled per animal. At 2 weeks postrepair, there was a significant difference between control and transplant groups with respect to amplitude, duration, turns, and phases (p < 0.01 for each). No significant electromyography differences were seen at 4 weeks. Resting and peak anal pressures declined significantly at 2 weeks postinjury in the control but not in the stem cell group. LIMITATIONS Use of a murine animal population limited the subjective feedback and wider applicability. CONCLUSIONS In vivo functional studies show recovery of anal sphincter pressures and electromyography to preinjury levels by day 14 in the myogenic stem cell group but not controls. At 4 weeks, all electromyography parameters returned to baseline irrespective of group. Restoration of function may be accelerated by the transplantation of myogenic stem cells and associated trophic factors.
Powell Lawton's Contributions to Purpose-Built Housing Design for the Elderly

Abstract Planning and Managing Housing for the Elderly (1975) was an important book by Powell Lawton that established the foundation for many of the design guidelines and housing manuals that followed in the late seventies and early eighties. The data used to support advice and guidelines presented in the book were from a national evaluation of planned housing for the elderly conducted in the early 1970s. This work addressed a range of issues relating to location, design, and management. The approach to this book, which viewed planning and managing as a transactional partnership, influenced the way other researchers approached environmental design research. Today's environment-behavior research in gerontology owes much to Lawton's legacy of straightforward communication and practical insights. His ability to view research from a theoretical and applied perspective introduced an approach that has become an important teaching and communication strategy.
Measuring Knowledge Management/Knowledge Sharing KM/KS Efficiency and Effectiveness in Enterprise Networks

Knowledge Management KM is critical in ensuring process efficiency, outcome effectiveness and improved organizational memory for the modern day business enterprises. Knowledge Sharing KS is fast becoming a rapidly growing area of interest in the domain of knowledge management. The purpose of this paper is to enlist a set of generalized metrics that can be used to evaluate the efficiency and the effectiveness of knowledge sharing in an enterprise network. The metrics proposed in this research are those that can be readily measured by various types of enterprise knowledge sharing systems, and link usage information to organizational outputs. The paper uses an illustrative case example of how an enterprise might make use of the metrics in measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of its knowledge sharing system.
Solar assisted sea water desalination: A review

Seawater desalination is an important process to meet the increasing demand for fresh water demand; however, it is highly energy intensive due to the high salinity of the source. Studies on using solar energy to drive seawater desalination are very actively being pursued. This paper reviews the current solar desalination research activities first, followed by discussions of solar assisted desalination processes and a variety of possible combinations. Solar assisted desalination has been proved technically feasible; however the combined solar and fossil fuel desalination, and desalination using low grade waste heat could be more cost effective at this time. Though solar assisted desalination processes have not been commercialized as yet, with the current ongoing research, they remain a valid option for future desalination plants.
Implicit integrations in elastoplastic geotechnics

The paper presents the derivation of a fully implicit Newton algorithm for direct integration of constitutive equations, in extended stress-internal variable space, involving hardening or softening of a general dilatant isotropic elastoplastic geomaterial. All relevant derivatives are provided in tensor notation, thus facilitating implementation. The consistent, algorithmic tangent stiffness tensor is derived. The relative accuracy of a template algorithm is assessed on a number of examples by means of iso-error maps. We present a rather simple, one-increment example concerning convergence properties of the Newton iterative scheme at the global, finite element level, associated with the consistent tangent stiffness tensor for integrating the weak form of the equilibrium equations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Mech. Cohesive-frictional mater. 2, 165–183 (1977)
Land Use Challenges to Implementing Transit-Oriented Development in China: Case Study of Jinan, Shandong Province

Several Chinese cities are interested in incorporating transit-oriented development (TOD) around their subway stations. Few cities, however, have considered incorporating TOD into their bus systems; fewer still have included China's bike population. The midsize Chinese city of Jinan, capital of the northeastern province of Shandong, wants to incorporate both bus rapid transit (BRT) and TOD within its urban planning framework. Jinan is set to construct a 135-km BRT network and seeks to incorporate TOD initially at the neighborhood level and eventually in the entire city. As part of an ongoing project between the University of California Transportation Center and the Transportation Engineering Department of Shandong University, preliminary land use analysis was conducted on a proposed BRT corridor, Lishan Road, incorporating smart-growth principles as a framework for creating walkable neighborhoods. Current land-use challenges, both citywide and street specific, to making the Lishan Road BRT corridor a true...
Prolonged Incubation and Stacked Film Exposure Improve Sensitivity in Western Blotting

Introduction Western blotting is a basic technique for protein detection. For proteins of less abundance or antibodies of poorer quality, an increased sensitivity is often desired. Although it is commonly known that higher concentrations of antibodies and prolonged film exposure times will help improve sensitivity in western blots, both measures come with their own risks, and it is often unclear to which extent these measures should be applied.
Tracing ray differentials

Antialiasing of ray traced images is typically performed by supersampling the image plane. While this type of filtering works well for many algorithms, it is much more efficient to perform filtering locally on a surface for algorithms such as texture mapping. In order to perform this type of filtering, one must not only trace the ray passing through the pixel, but also have some approximation of the distance to neighboring rays hitting the surface (i.e., a ray’s footprint). In this paper, we present a fast, simple, robust scheme for tracking such a quantity based on ray differentials, derivatives of the ray with respect to the image plane. CR
Effects of acid precipitation on Daphnia magna.

Pollutants derived from fossil fuel combustion and precipitated from the atmosphere have substantially increased in the past decades. These materials, precipitated in such industrialized areas as southeastern Canada, have caused considerable alterations in aquatic ecosystems. Precipitation over most of the eastern United States is presently 10 to 500 times more acidic than is natural. Most affected aquatic ecosystems contain oligotrophic waters in regions of thin poorly buffered soils. Zooplankton are an important link in food chains of aquatic ecosystems and their disappearance or decline could drastically affect trophic relationships. Declines in zooplankton density in response to acid precipitation have been reported and short term survival of Daphnia pulex between pH 4.3 and 10.4; however, its potential for reproduction was limited to a fairly narrow range. Anderson (1944) noted the advantages of using daphnia as test organisms, and concluded that Daphnia magna was representative of other abundant zooplankton in sensitivity to toxic substances.
Survival of distinct Asian groups among colorectal cancer cases in California

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that Asian ethnicity confers a survival benefit in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with other ethnicities, but it is not known if this is limited to specific Asian subsets. In the current study, the authors attempted to determine differences using data from the large, population-based California Cancer Registry (CCR). METHODS: The authors conducted a case-only analysis of CCR data (1994–2003), including descriptive analysis of relevant clinical variables. Overall survival univariate analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR). RESULTS: The 61,494 incident cases of colon and 24,350 incident cases of rectal cancer analyzed included 1905 Chinese, 1162 Filipino, 414 Vietnamese, 391 Korean, 1091 Japanese, 148 Asian Indian, and 77,554 Caucasians. After adjustment for age, sex, grade, histology, site within the colon, stage of disease, insurance status, socioeconomic status (SES), and therapy, Filipino (colon: HR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.76–0.95) (rectum: HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71–0.94) and Chinese ethnicity (colon: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.92–0.98) had significantly decreased risk of death compared with Caucasians. Sigmoid lesions were independently associated with improved survival among all cases (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.95) (referent group were proximal and transverse lesions), and among Asian-only cases in separate analysis (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Although survival after CRC diagnosis is improved for Asians in general, significant survival differences are observed only in specific Asian subsets. Data from the current study suggest that survival among Asians is less affected by SES or treatment disparities, and may be because of biologic factors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Coulometric titrations with electrogenerated cyanide ion

Cyanide ion can be generated electrolytically with 100% current efficiency according to the reaction Ag(CN)2− + e− = Ag + 2 CN−. Constant current coulometric titrations of silver, nickel and gold(III) have been performed with an accuracy of a few parts per thousand. Attempted titrations of copper(II) and cobalt(II) were unsuccessful.
Neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital

✓ The Mount Sinai Hospital was founded in 1852 under the name “The Jews' Hospital.” Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai Hospital can be traced to the work of Dr. Charles Elsberg. In 1932, the Department of Neurosurgery was created under the direction of Dr. Ira Cohen. The history of neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital is recounted.
The spacing of births among French-Canadian families: an historical approach.

Studies of birth spacing yield varying information but the general agreement is that the spacing between marriage and first births is usually shorter than for later births. This gradual increase holds until the third or fourth birth. Information from the U.S. Current Population Survey of 1954 found a median spacing of 1.5 years between marriage and first birth for women whose first children were born in a 4-year period ending April 1954. In the same period there was a median spacing interval of 2.6 years between first and secend births. Between first and second births the average number of months was 33 for Catholics 36 for Prostestants. A previous study by the author noted close similarities between published data for French Canada and genealogical computations concerning family size. The genealogical information was taken from 743 nuclear families. The average interval between date of marriage and first birth was 17.7 months. The interval then gradually increases until the sixth birth when it reaches a maximum length of 31.7 months. American marriages average 22.5 months between first marriage and first child followed by the expected increase to 30.1 months for the second birth. French Canadians married in the U.S. have smaller families than those married in Canada. In both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there are no great changes in the spacing patterns among couples married in Canada. (Summary in FRE)
Preliminary pharmacokinetics of morphine and its major metabolites following intravenous administration of four doses to horses

The objective of the current study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites following intravenous administration to the horse. A total of eight horses (two per dose group) received a single intravenous dose of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg/kg morphine. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h postdrug administration, analyzed using LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters determined. Behavior, step counts, and gastrointestinal activity were also assessed. The beta and gamma half-life for morphine ranged from 0.675 to 2.09 and 6.70 to 18.1 h, respectively, following administration of the four different IV doses. The volume of distribution at steady-state and systemic clearance ranged from 6.95 to 15.8 L/kg and 28.3 to 35.7 mL · min/kg, respectively. The only metabolites identified in blood samples were the primary metabolites identified in other species, 3-morphine-glucuronide and 6-morphine-glucuronide. Muscle fasciculations were observed at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg and ataxia noted at 0.5 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal activity was decreased in all dose groups (for up to 8 h in 7/8 horses and 24 h in one horse). This study extends previous studies and is the first report describing the metabolites of morphine in the horse. Plasma concentrations of morphine-3-glucuronide, a metabolite with demonstrated neuro-excitatory activity in mice, far exceeded that of morphine-6-glucuronide. Further study is warranted to assess whether the high levels of the morphine-3-glucuronide contribute to the dose-dependent excitation observed at high morphine doses.
Transient expression of trisomy 21 and monosomy 7 following cyclosporin A in a patient with aplastic anemia.

We present a patient with severe idiopathic aplastic anemia with no previous chromosomal abnormalities who developed trisomy 21 and monosomy 7 during treatment with intravenous (i.v.) cyclosporine. The abnormal karyotype disappeared when the drug was changed to the oral form. This cytogenetic aberration, previously unreported in association with cyclosporine, may reflect either a direct drug effect or the emergence of a hidden myelodysplastic cell clone subject to preferential survival during immunosuppression.
Twist–stretch coupling and phase transition during DNA supercoiling

As a single DNA molecule is positively supercoiled under constant tension, its extension initially increases due to a negative twist-stretch coupling. The subsequent attainment of an extension maximum has previously been assumed to be indicative of the onset of a phase transition from B- to scP-DNA. Here we show that an extension maximum in fact does not coincide with the onset of a phase transition. This transition is evidenced by a direct observation of a torque plateau using an angular optical trap. Instead we find that the shape of the extension curve can be well explained with a theory that incorporates both DNA twist-stretch coupling and bending fluctuations. This theory also provides a more accurate method of determining the value of the twist-stretch coupling modulus, which has possibly been underestimated in previous studies that did not take into consideration the bending fluctuations. Our study demonstrates the importance of torque detection in the correct identification of phase transitions as well as the contribution of the twist-stretch coupling and bending fluctuations to DNA extension.
Preparing to Teach Mathematics With Technology: An Integrated Approach to Developing Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Several organizations have highlighted the importance of preparing teachers to teach students mathematics using appropriate technology (e.g., Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators, 2006; International Society for Technology in Education, 2008). This article provides examples from teacher education materials that were developed using an approach that integrally develops teachers' understandings of content, technology, and pedagogy to prepare them to teach data analysis and probablity topics using specific technology tools.
Bistability and field-induced transparency in superconducting quantum interference devices

The bistable behavior and field induced transparency are demonstrated in a quantum-mechanical treatment of coherently driven superconducting quantum interference devices having cubic nonlinearity in the polarizability.
Gradient elasticity theory for a mode III crack in a functionally graded material

Anisotropic strain gradient elasticity theory is applied to the solution of a mode III crack in a functionally graded material (FGM). The theory includes both volumetric and surface energy terms, and a particular form of the moduli variation. The crack boundary value problem is solved by means of Fourier transform and a hypersingular integral equation of the Fredholm type. The solution naturally leads to a cusping crack, which is consisteut with Barenblatt's cohesive zone theory, but without the assmuption regarding existence of interatomic forces. The numerical implementation is discussed and examples are given, which provide insight into the cracking phenomenon in FGMs governed by strain gradient elasticity with characteristic lengths associated to volumetric and surface strain energy terms.
Incidence and treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery in children

Objective: Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) caused by phrenic nerve injury is potentially life-threatening in infants. Phrenic nerve injury due to thoracic surgery is the most common cause of DP in children. We retrospectively analyzed incidence, surgical details, management and followup of our patients with DP after cardiac surgery to develop an algorithm for the management and follow-up. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 43 patients with DP after cardiac surgery performed between 1996 and 2000. Results: Median age at cardiac surgery was 1 month (range 3 days to 9 years). Incidence of DP was 5.4%. A trend towards higher incidences of DP were observed after arterial switch operation (10.8%, PZ0.18), Fontan procedure (17.6%, PZ0.056) and Blalock–Taussig Shunt (12.8%, PZ0.10). Median time from cardiac surgery to surgical plication was 21 days (range 7–210 days). Transthoracic diaphragmatic plication was performed in 29/43 patients, no plication was done in 14/43 patients. Patients in whom diaphragmatic plication was required were younger (median age 2 months, range 21 days to 53 months versus 17.5 months, range 4 days to 110 months; P!0.001). Indications for plication were failure to wean from ventilator (nZ22), respiratory distress (nZ4), cavopulmonary anastomosis (nZ2), and failure to thrive (nZ1). All these symptoms resolved after diaphragmatic plication, however, 8/29 patients with plication and 2/14 without plication died. Cause of death was not related to diaphragmatic plication in any patient. Position of plicated diaphragm was normal in 18/21 surviving patients 1 month after plication. In 2/12 surviving patients without plication hemidiaphragm showed a normal position 1 year after surgery. The rate of pulmonary infections was not significantly different during 12–60 months follow-up. Conclusions: DP is an occasional complication of cardiac surgery. High incidences of DP were seen after arterial switch operation, Fontan procedure and Blalock–Taussig shunt (BT). Respiratory insufficiency requires diaphragmatic plication in most infants with DP whereas older children may tolerate DP. Transthoracic diaphragmatic plication is an effective treatment of DP and achieves relief of respiratory insufficiency in most patients. Spontaneous recovery from postsurgical DP is rare. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An experimental evaluation of the differential BICS for I/sub DDQ/ testing

In this paper we present an experimental study on the effectiveness of I/sub DDQ/ testing using the differential built-in current sensor (BICS) circuit. Two new test chips were designed and fabricated implementing a CMOS version of the 74181 ALU chip. In copies of this circuit we included the capability of activating 45 different "realistic" CMOS faults: inter- and intra-layer shorts and opens. We examine the fault coverage of the differential BICS for these realistic faults. A significant finding of our study is that I/sub DDQ/ testing has the potential to detect several classes of "opens". Moreover, these include precisely those open faults for which two pattern voltage tests can get invalidated because of transient switching states.
Fitting Parametric Fixed Effect Categorical Models to Effect Sizes: A Neglected Meta-Analytic Approach in Organizational Studies:

Hedges and Olkin’s meta-analytic procedures for fitting parametric fixed effect categorical models to effect sizes have been widely used in research in experimental, social, and educational psychol...
“Her Duty to Canada”: Henriette Feller and French Protestantism in Québec

George McTaggart's house sits across the road from the tiny clapboard Baptist church, the only landmark in the postage-stamp sized, rural town of Saint-Blaise, Quebec, a town where, as inhabitants confide, “Protestants and Catholics have always had a love-hate relationship.” McTaggart will probably be mowing the long fields behind his narrow farm with his tractor, just as he was the day we met him. He speaks English with a Scots brogue and French with the characteristic Quebecois broadness. He has wise eyes, wrinkles like a topographic map, and a mischievous sense of humor. Pushing eightyfive, he remembers virtually every event in his long life, every person he has ever known, but he speaks with special animation about someone he never met, a strong-minded, charismatic, independent Swiss woman named Henriette Feller.
A3 adenosine receptor agonist IB-MECA reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs

We examined the effect of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonist IB-MECA on infarct size in an open-chest anesthetized dog model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dogs were subjected to 60...
Unsupervised Activity Perception in Crowded and Complicated Scenes Using Hierarchical Bayesian Models

We propose a novel unsupervised learning framework to model activities and interactions in crowded and complicated scenes. Hierarchical Bayesian models are used to connect three elements in visual surveillance: low-level visual features, simple "atomic" activities, and interactions. Atomic activities are modeled as distributions over low-level visual features, and multi-agent interactions are modeled as distributions over atomic activities. These models are learnt in an unsupervised way. Given a long video sequence, moving pixels are clustered into different atomic activities and short video clips are clustered into different interactions. In this paper, we propose three hierarchical Bayesian models, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) mixture model, Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) mixture model, and Dual Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes (Dual-HDP) model. They advance existing language models, such as LDA [1] and HDP [2]. Our data sets are challenging video sequences from crowded traffic scenes and train station scenes with many kinds of activities co-occurring. Without tracking and human labeling effort, our framework completes many challenging visual surveillance tasks of board interest such as: (1) discovering typical atomic activities and interactions; (2) segmenting long video sequences into different interactions; (3) segmenting motions into different activities; (4) detecting abnormality; and (5) supporting high-level queries on activities and interactions.
Organizing the asset base for product derivation

Optimal organization of the asset base in a software product line (SPL) depends on how the assets are used to produce products. It has been assumed that collecting an appropriate set of assets would automatically lead to economically produced products. However, industry experience suggests that simply having the right assets is not sufficient to allow easy assembly of products. One problem is the difficulty of finding and selecting the desired asset during product derivation. We evaluate the effect that organizing the asset base in different ways has on the ability to find a desired asset during product derivation. We evaluate asset organization based on: key domain abstractions, architecture, and features. We evaluate these organizations against the criteria of: natural division, easy to find, generally applicable, reasonably sized groups, and similarly sized groups.
Luminescence dating of glacial and associated sediments: review, recommendations and future directions

Dating glacial and associated sediments is essential to provide a temporal framework for accurate reconstructions of past climatic conditions and for helping to determine the nature and magnitude of glaciation for landscape evolution studies. There are few widely applicable, accurate and precise methods available to date Quaternary landforms and sediments, despite the numerous numerical dating methods that are currently available. Furthermore, there are few methods that can be utilized for the whole of the late Quaternary (c. 125 kyr ago to present). Recent developments in luminescence dating, however, are providing opportunities to date a broad range of late Quaternary glacial and associated landform sediments. The application of luminescence methods requires an understanding of the nature of glacial and associated environments to select the most appropriate sediment samples for dating. Problems associated with luminescence dating of glacial sediments include insufficient bleaching, low sensitivity of quartz, and variable dose rates during the history of the sediment due to changing water content or nuclide leaching. These problems can be overcome by careful sampling and descriptions of the sampling site, testing for insufficient bleaching and modelling dose rate variability.
Semiconductor lasers from photoconductive switch filaments

Summary form only given. At the 8th PPC (1991), we reported the first images of current filaments in high-gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS). Since then many properties of current filaments have been reported, including optical control of their location, shape, and timing. Recently, we have invented a new class of semiconductor laser using these current filaments as the active region in the laser cavity. We have fabricated current filament semiconductor lasers (CFSL) that have produced 75 nJ of 890 nm radiation in 1.5 ns (50 W peak), approximately 10 times more energy than conventional (injection-pumped) semiconductor lasers(CSL). These lasers are created from the electron-hole plasma in PCSS current filaments. In contrast to CSL, these new lasers are not based on current-injection. Instead, low-field avalanche carrier generation produces a charge-neutral plasma channel with a carrier distribution for lasing. CFSL are not limited in volume by the depth of p-n junctions (/spl sim/1 micron). Since we have observed filaments as long as 3.4 cm and 400 microns diameter, the active region in CFSL can be more than 100 times larger than in CSL. CFSL larger diameters imply higher energies and reduced divergence in diffraction-limited devices. This presentation reports lasing properties from several configurations of CFSL: high output energies, pulse compression, spectral narrowing, and lasing thresholds. The properties of e-h plasma in PCSS will be compared and contrasted with plasma properties in spark gaps. The CFSL are pulsed and optically triggered like PCSS with the exception that filaments must be created in straight lines using optical line triggers. Potential applications include: active optical sensing/imaging, optical triggers for PCSS, plasma diagnostics, micro-machining, semiconductor scribing, laser ablating, optical communication, and permanent memory.
Blood Cultures: the Importance of Meeting Pre-Analytical Requirements in Reducing Contamination, Optimizing Sensitivity of Detection, and Clinical Relevance

Abstract The primary goal of the clinical microbiology laboratory is to provide reliable, timely, and clinically relevant diagnostic test results. Blood cultures are one of the most important specimens managed by the clinical microbiology laboratory and are the primary and most sensitive method for diagnosing blood stream infections (bacteremia, fungemia, and sepsis), in addition to influencing appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Of the three phases of laboratory testing, pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical, the former is the most challenging for the clinical microbiology laboratory to control. The primary pre-analytical factors that significantly influence the sensitivity, interpretation, and clinical relevance of blood cultures are (i) skin antisepsis, (ii) blood volume, (iii) number of blood culture specimens collected, (iv) timing of blood culture collection, and (v) delays in incubation time. This overview focuses on these pre-analytical factors and the potential impact on blood culture results, which are essential for promoting safe, timely, effective, and efficient care for patients with serious infections, in addition to affecting health care expenses.
Selectively regrown contacts to field-effect transistors with two-dimensional electron-gas channels

The authors have fabricated for the first time heterostructure field-effect transistors where the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) channel is directly contacted by selectively regrown epitaxial GaAs contacts. Both modulation-doped FETs (MODFETs) and semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor FETs (SISFETs) were fabricated. Contact resistances were low, as evidenced by high transconductances and improvements to the transconductance at low temperatures. The low resistance and shallow nature of the regrown contacts should permit scaling of these structures to very small dimensions. >
Effects of refuge contamination by transgenes on Bt resistance in pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

Abstract Refuges of non-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., are used to delay Bt resistance in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a pest that eats cotton seeds. Contamination of refuges by Bt transgenes could reduce the efficacy of this strategy. Previously, three types of contamination were identified in refuges: 1) homozygous Bt cotton plants, with 100% of their seeds producing the Bt toxin Cry1Ac; 2) hemizygous Bt plants with 70–80% of their seeds producing Cry1Ac; and 3) non-Bt plants that outcrossed with Bt plants, resulting in bolls with Cry1Ac in 12–17% of their seeds. Here, we used laboratory bioassays to examine the effects of Bt contamination on feeding behavior and survival of pink bollworm that were resistant (rr), susceptible (ss), or heterozygous for resistance (rs) to Cry1Ac. In choice tests, rr and rs larvae did not differ from ss in preference for non-Bt versus Bt seeds. Survival of rr and rs also did not differ from ss on...
Gait abnormalities following resection of talocalcaneal coalition

Eleven patients (fourteen feet) had resection of a coalition of the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint because of symptoms that had been present for a mean of four years (range, 0.5 to nine years). The mean age at the time of the resection was seventeen years (range, thirteen to thirty-two years). Nine patients were male and two were female. Five feet had resection of the bone bridge with interposition of fat or tendon, and nine had resection without any interposed material. The mean duration of follow-up was six years (range, two to thirteen years). The clinical result was excellent for five feet, good for four, fair for three, and poor for two. Inversion was 8 +/- 4.5 degrees (mean and standard deviation) on the involved side and 17 +/- 6.2 degrees on the uninvolved side (p = 0.002). Three feet later had evidence of osteoarthrosis of the subtalar joint. Gait analysis demonstrated decreased motion of the hindfoot and the ankle, compared with that in normal subjects and with that in the contralateral (uninvolved) foot, in the sagittal and coronal planes during walking on a level surface. Motion was also reduced, particularly in the sagittal and coronal planes, during walking on a side slope. Ground-reaction forces (F8 and F9), temporal force factors (T2, T3, and T7), and the percentage of the gait cycle that consisted of the stance phase on the side-sloping walkway were different from those in normal subjects or in the uninvolved foot. These data indicate that, although most of our patients who had resection of a talocalcaneal coalition had a successful clinical result, most had a residual functional deficit.
Power and Politics in Organizations

This note describes various types of power and discusses the nature of organizational politics.
Comparison of DMSP and SECS region-1 and region-2 ionospheric current boundary

The region-1 and region-2 boundary has traditionally been identified using data from a single spacecraft crossing the auroral region and measuring the large scale changes in the cross track magnetic field. With data from the AUTUMN, CANMOS, CARISMA, GIMA, DTU MGS, MACCS, McMAC, STEP, THEMIS, and USGS ground magnetometer arrays we applied a state-of-art technique based on spherical elementary current system (SECS) method developed by Amm and Viljanen (1999) in order to calculate maps of region-1 and region-2 current system over the North American and Greenland auroral region. Spherical elementary current (SEC) amplitude (proxy for vertical currents) maps can be inferred at 10 s temporal resolution, ~1.5° geographic latitude (Glat), and 3.5° geographic longitude (Glon) spatial resolution. We compare the location of the region-1 and region-2 boundary obtained by the DMSP spacecraft with the region-1 and region-2 boundary observed in the SEC current amplitudes. We find that the boundaries typically agree within 0.2° ± 1.3°. These results indicate that the location of the region-1 and region-2 boundary can reasonably be determined from ground magnetometer data. The SECS maps represent a value-added product from the magnetometer database and can be used for contextual interpretation in conjunction with other missions as well as help with our understanding of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanisms using the ground arrays and the magnetospheric spacecraft data.
Electric and Optical Properties of μc-Si,Ge:H Alloys Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (RMS)

Amorphous and microcrystalline silicon-germanium alloys, a-SixGe1-x:H and µc-SixGe1-x:H, respectively, have been prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) from pure crystalline Si and Ge targets in a hydrogen ambient using argon as the sputtering gas. We have investigated the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the as-deposited films. The optical and electrical properties, e.g., the ambipolar diffusion length, photoconductivity, and photosensitivity, were found to be comparable to those of device-grade a-SixGe1-x:H alloys, e.g., films with x 0.5, and band-gaps - 1.3–1.4 eV. In contrast to the behavior of the a-SixGe1-x:H alloys, the µc-SixGe1-x:H alloys do not display a Staebler-Wronski effect, as manifested by a decay of the photoconductivity under intense illumination.
The Effect of Prior Calculus Experience on “Introductory” College Calculus

(1989). The Effect of Prior Calculus Experience on “Introductory” College Calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 4, pp. 350-354.
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DERIVATIONS AND MEASURABLE DIFFERENTIABLE STRUCTURES

We study the relationship between measurable differentiable structures on doubling metric measure spaces and derivations. We prove:
Lymph nodes and the melanoma surgeon: re-defining a long-term relationship

Surgeons now have an enhanced ability to stage patients with clinically localized cutaneous melanoma using sentinel lymph node biopsy. Despite this, the weight of clinical evidence is tilting in favor of a measured approach to pre-emptive lymph node removal. Careful consideration of whether traditional surgical approaches to the regional nodes, whether done in the name of ‘staging’ or pre-emptive removal of a potential site of relapse, really ‘benefit’ the patient is paramount for optimal care.
Multiply with your fingers

In his delightful book, Magic House of Numbers, Irving Adler shows how to use your fingers to get the multiplication table from 6 to 10. What follows is a brief summary of the method.