cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Dispersion Coefficients for FCC Particles in a Free Board

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments were performed noninvasively in the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) two-dimensional circulating fluidized bed (2-D CFB) of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles to measure laminar and turbulent properties, near the front wall in the z-direction; at the center and near the right and left walls in the x-direction; and in the free board region in the y-direction. The PIV measurements were obtained simultaneously in the y- and x-axes, using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, with the aid of a colored rotating transparency. The instantaneous and hydrodynamic velocities were used to obtain laminar properties for particles and turbulent properties for clusters, respectively. Laminar and turbulent properties for solids conveyed anisotropy. The y-axis solids velocities, power spectral densities of hydrodynamic velocities, and granular temperatures were highest at the center in the x-direction. The mixing was on the level of particles. The y- and x-axes solids dispersion coefficients were several orders of magnitude lower than the literature values, because of the low particle velocities in the free board. However, total granular temperatures were reasonably close to the literature values.
Physician Wellness in Rural America: A Review:

Objective:The primary purpose of this article is to review the unique wellness factors that affect physicians practicing in rural communities. Research has indicated that rural communities often st...
Wernicke-Like Encephalopathy Associated With Ifosfamide.

Images in Clinical Neurology The Neurohospitalist 2017, Vol. 7(1) 49-50 a The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1941874416637407 journals.sagepub.com/home/nhos Wernicke-Like Encephalopathy Associated With Ifosfamide John Kent Lin, MD 1 , Daniel S. Chow, MD 2 , Leslie Sheu, MD 1 , and Bhavya Rehani, MD 2 Keywords imaging, Wernicke encephalopathy, dyskinesia, drug induced A 73-year-old female with maxillary chondroblastic sarcoma, chronic kidney disease, and undernutrition presented with ataxia, myoclonus, and confusion 1 week after ifosfamide and etoposide. Three days later, she became obtunded. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed abnorm- alities in the bilateral thalami (Figure 1) and mammillary bod- ies (Figure 2), suggestive of thiamine deficiency. Treatment dose of intravenous thiamine was administered, and her neu- rologic status normalized within 24 hours. Ifosfamide rarely causes a Wernicke-like encephalopathy, particularly in patients with sarcoma, elevated creatinine, and hypoalbuminemia. 1 Toxicity is likely mediated through its metabolite Chloroacetaldehyde, which may impair thiamine function, and is treated with methylene blue or thiamine. 2 Figure 2. Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) image demonstrates increased signal intensity in the mammillary bodies, bilaterally (arrows). Author’s Note John Kent Lin, Daniel Chow, Leslie Sheu, and Bhavya Rehnai contrib- uted to drafting or revising the manuscript for intellectual content. Bha- vya Rehani is the corresponding author, principal author, and guarantor. Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Fran- cisco, CA, USA Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California– San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Figure 1. Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) image demonstrates increased signal intensity involving the thalami, bilaterally (arrows). Corresponding Author: Bhavya Rehani, University of California–San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Email: bhavya.rehani@ucsf.edu
Senior Capstone Design Project for Aerospace Specialization and Student-Faculty Research on Propulsion

In Fall 2010 Central Connecticut State University (CCSU) Engineering Department offered Mechanical Engineering (ME) students a new senior capstone design project, oriented towards the Aerospace specialization of the ME program. The main goal of the project was to perform research on the combustion of non-conventional fuels using a smallscale hybrid propellant rocket engine (HPRE), test fixture, and advanced instrumentation system. Paraffin was utilized as the fuel for the first set of tests, which provided verification of the operation of the HPRE. During the 2010/11 – 2011/12 academic years, the CCSU student teams designed and built a small-scale HPRE, test fixture, and instrumentation system for the study of the combustion of non-conventional fuels and the investigation of fuels regression rates. The first sets of research data on the regression rates of paraffin with oxygen were obtained and compared with existing data in 2011/12. The design of the test facility and results of preliminary tests were presented at 50 th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. This paper illustrates problems the student team was faced with during testing, describes the improvements of the test fixture and instrumentation system, and demonstrates first research results of the tests and numerical analysis. The multidisciplinary nature of the project provided ME students with an excellent opportunity to apply their knowledge, skills, and experience from a variety of courses such as Propulsion Systems, Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, Instrumentation, and Machine Design to the real-life design and research.
Reduction of myocardial infarction after emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for failed coronary angioplasty with use of a normothermic reperfusion cardioplegia protocol

Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting is necessary in 2.7% to 13.5% of patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Myocardial infarction develops in 11% to 49% of these patients, with 18% to 46% of infarcts resulting in new Q waves. Since February 1987 a revised protocol for myocardial preservation has been used in 19 patients undergoing emergency bypass grafting for failed angioplasty. Cardioplegia is induced with a normothermic blood cardioplegic solution. Multiple maintenance doses of cold (4° C) blood cardioplegic solution are then delivered through the aortic root and vein grafts. Before the aortic crossclamp is removed, normothermic reperfusion cardioplegic solution is delivered through the aortic root and vein grafts. This group was compared with all patients undergoing emergency bypass grafting for failed angioplasty before February 1987. These 45 patients received cold induction of cardioplegic solution, multiple maintenance doses of cold cardioplegic solution, and no reperfusion cardioplegic solution. The prevalence of myocardial infarction in the group receiving cold cardioplegic solution was 65% versus 26% in the group receiving normothermic cardioplegic solution (p
Introduction: Logic Programming and Parallel Processing

The technology of sequential computers has been pushed nearly to its limits, and there is a growing realization that parallel computers are the way to high-performance computing. There are three approaches for running programs in parallel: the first is to use existing sequential (imperative) languages extended with constructs for parallelism. This approach (e.g. Ada [B82], Occam [I84]) makes the task of software writing very difficult, since the programmer must explicitly manage the parallel processes. The second approach is to use compilers that automatically paralleliz sequential programs [AK87]. Automatic parallelization of sequential programs is a very hard task, and, in general, it cannot exploit all the available parallelism in a program. The third approach, which we believe to be the most promising, is to use declarative languages: programs written in these languages can be implicitly parallilized—much more easily than those written in imperative languages—since declara­tive languages disallow explicit control structures and side-effects.
What Are We Teaching about Gender Issues in Public Affairs Courses

This article examines the extent to which gender issues in public administration are covered in NASPAA-accredited and -affiliated master's programs nationwide. In response to the NASPAA Diversity Report (2000), the authors surveyed all principal representatives in an effort to identify specific course coverage of gender issues within these programs.The study finds that courses on gender issues are being offered unevenly across NASPAA schools. The authors conclude that the study of gender issues in public affairs benefits- and remains essential for- female and male students and practitioners alike.
Synthesis of graphene oxide/magnesium oxide nanocomposites with high-rate adsorption of methylene blue

Abstract A series of graphene oxide/magnesium oxide nanocomposites (GO/MgO NCs) were and applied for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The prepared NCs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that MgO particles was successfully decorated on GO. The impacts of different experimental variables on the removal of MB including GO/MgO NCs dosage, pH, contact time, and initial MB concentration were investigated. The experimental analysis of adsorption isotherms indicated that adsorption data was best fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. Among the three different synthesized weight ratios of GO/MgO (5:1, 1:1, and 1:5), 5:1 ratio showed the maximum adsorption capacity as 833 mg/g, which is higher than any previously reported GO-based composites. The synthesized GO/MgO NC is also observed to have higher adsorption capacity for MB removal, in comparison with pure GO and MgO. The kinetic adsorption data was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The pH of point of zero charge (pH pzc ) of GO/MgO NCs was determined to be 9.7, 10.5, and 10.5 for ratios 5:1, 1:1, and 1:5, respectively. The results revealed that electrostatic attraction can be the dominant mechanism of adsorption between GO/MgO NCs and MB for pH above pH pzc ; whereas for pH below pH pzc , other adsorption mechanisms such as hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction may attribute to adsorption. The high adsorption capacity of GO/MgO composites, thus makes it a promising adsorbent for water and wastewater treatment.
Multicarrier transport in InGaSb/InAs superlattice structures

The electrical properties of In0.25Ga0.75Sb/InAs superlattices designed for use as very long wavelength infrared detectors were studied with magnetic field dependent transport measurements and multicarrier analysis. Two electron channels and one hole channel were identified. The low concentration, high mobility electron channel was identified with conduction within the superlattice. Residual electron concentrations in the superlattice are found to be in the high 1010 cm-2 range with mobilities on the order of 40 000 cm2/V s. The other electron and hole channels have significantly lower mobilities with concentrations in the 1011 cm-2 range and can have a significant impact on the resistivity, carrier concentration, and mobility as measured at a single magnetic field value in conventional transport measurements.
Alcohol consumption and nutrient density of diets in the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey.

Results of this study indicated that the nutrient density of diets of drinkers was significantly lower than that of nondrinkers with respect to protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin A, and thiamin.
Microstructure Simulations for Orthogonal Cutting via a Cellular Automaton Model

Abstract In this work, a Cellular Automaton (CA) model is for the first time developed to predict material microstructure evolution during cutting processes. Prior to the CA simulation, the dynamic thermomechanical loadings of work material, Aluminum Alloy 1100, induced by various orthogonal cutting conditions are simulated by finite element-based cutting models. Evolution of dislocation density is modeled using the CA model in MATLAB for the work material subjected to these loading conditions. Multiple mechanisms of microstructure evolution are coupled in the CA model including severe plastic deformation, dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallization, and thermally-driven grain growth.
The Coulomb based magneto-electric coupling in multiferroic tunnel junctions and granular multiferroics

We study magneto-electric effect in two systems: i) multiferroic tunnel junction (MFTJ) - magnetic tunnel junction with ferroelectric barrier and ii) granular multiferroic (GMF) in which ferromagnetic (FM) metallic grains embedded into ferroelectric matrix. We show that the Coulomb interaction influences the magnetic state of the system in several ways: i) through the spin-dependent part of the Coulomb interaction; ii) due to the Coulomb blockade effect suppressing electron hopping and therefore reducing magnetic coupling; and iii) through image forces and polarization screening that modify the barrier for electrons in MFTJ and GMF. We show that in the absence of spin-orbit or strain-mediated coupling magneto-electric effect appears in GMF and MFTJ. The Coulomb interaction depends on the dielectric properties of the system. For GMF it depends on the dielectric constant of FE matrix and for MFTJ on the dielectric constant of the FE barrier. Applying external electric field one can tune the dielectric const...
Defining Coronary Pathology and Clinical Syndromes by Coronary Angioscopy

In the mid 80’s, Spears et al and Litvack et al(2) reported the use of large diameter (1.8–3.3 mm) endoscopes to visualize the surface of peripheral and coronary blood vessels during surgery. In the last five years, major improvements in fiberoptic technology have made it possible to perform percutaneous coronary and peripheral vascular imaging in the catheterization laboratory. Angioscopy provides unique intravascular information. The interventional cardiologist can determine the etiology of unstable coronary chest pain syndromes, assess the trauma created by angioplasty, determine the appropriateness of stent placement, and evaluate the completeness of thrombolysis. Vascular surgeons can inspect anastomoses and determine the completeness of thrombectomy. Despite the unique vascular detail provided to coronary interventionists by angioscopy, it probably will not evolve into routine use, because catheterization labo ratory decisions rarely depend on such information. Conversely angioscopy continues to have great value in clinical coronary research, and is widely used by peripheral vascular surgeons for intraoperative decisionmaking.
Stressful Life Events and Health-Related Quality of Life in College Students

Examines the relationship between recent stressful life events in the past year and health-related quality of life among 350 college students, and sought to understand the moderating effect of gender.
Partisan Ambivalence, Partisan Intensity, and Racial Attitudes: The Impact of Shifting Policy Positions on Partisan Evaluations in the 1960s:

The concept of ambivalence is important to the study of political psychology and behavior. We examine the causes of partisan ambivalence following the passage of major civil rights legislation to t...
Leading Negotiation Successfully on Behalf of Europe: Analysis of the European Commission High-Ranking Officials’ Practices

Continual negotiation is the method chosen by the European construction. The EC’s high-ranking officials play a key role as principals in the negotiation. Following around fifteen interviews and their analysis, a series of features emerge which favour the success of the European negotiators. The following text sums up twelve action keys centred on the three dimensions of negotiation: process, people, and problem
Study of Amyloids Using Yeast

We detail some of the genetic, biochemical, and physical methods useful in studying amyloids in yeast, particularly the yeast prions. These methods include cytoduction (cytoplasmic mixing), infection of cells with prion amyloids, use of green fluorescent protein fusions with amyloid-forming proteins for cytology, protein purification and amyloid formation, and electron microscopy of filaments.
Models of Care to Transition from Hospital to Home

The American Geriatrics Society has defined transitional care as “a set of actions designed to ensure the coordination and continuity of health care as patients transfer between different locations or different levels of care within the same location.” A care transition represents a vulnerable time for older adults, especially those experiencing cognitive or functional impairment, low health care literacy, complex multimorbidity, or lack of caregiver support. There is an imminent need to identify seniors at risk for an adverse transitional care event who would benefit from targeted strategies to improve outcomes. Outcomes from newly developed transitional care interventions are promising. These models incorporate common themes, including a patient-centered approach, aggressive medication reconciliation, patient coaching, and a formalized process for transfer of information across care settings. New Medicare rules also support the feasibility of implementing a care transitions intervention. The future will likely see the growth of these models in addition to the use of new health information technologies as well as interventions originating from sites of care other than hospitals.
Comparative anatomy of the postural mechanisms of the forelimbs of birds and mammals

One of the many differences between quadrupedal mammals and birds is that during standing, the forelimbs in mammals are involved in locomotion and support of the body, whereas the forelimbs of birds are involved in locomotion but not in body support. This dichotomy is reflected in the morphology and fiber types of the forelimb muscles. In mammals, the forelimb musculature forms a “pectoral sling” that suspends the trunk. Since mammals use the same muscles for postural and dynamic movements, their muscles possess a combination of slow and fast-contracting muscle fiber types that function in postural and dynamic activities. In a specific muscle, slow muscle fibers can perform postural actions via isometric contraction with minimal fatigue, whereas fast fibers can elicit dynamic, rapid, and forceful actions for locomotion. In contrast, the forelimb muscles of birds need only hold the wing folded while not in use. The muscles specialized for avian forelimb posture are comparatively small and consist entirely of slow fibers, and likely do not function in locomotion. In soaring birds, muscles with slow fibers also function isometrically and maintain the outstretched wing for extended lengths of time. Thus birds and mammals have evolved different strategies to deal with their forelimb postures and have different muscles specialized for posture.
Wang-Landau algorithm as stochastic optimization and its acceleration

We show that the Wang-Landau algorithm can be formulated as a stochastic gradient descent algorithm minimizing a smooth and convex objective function, of which the gradient is estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo iterations. The optimization formulation provides us another way to establish the convergence rate of the Wang-Landau algorithm, by exploiting the fact that almost surely the density estimates (on the logarithmic scale) remain in a compact set, upon which the objective function is strongly convex. The optimization viewpoint motivates us to improve the efficiency of the Wang-Landau algorithm using popular tools including the momentum method and the adaptive learning rate method. We demonstrate the accelerated Wang-Landau algorithm on a two-dimensional Ising model and a two-dimensional ten-state Potts model.
Development of a Data-Derived Sooting Index Including Oxygen-Containing Fuel Components

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from spark-ignited engines, particularly those with direct injection, now exceed those of light-duty diesel engines equipped with diesel particle filters. Fuel chemistry is one of several interacting factors that determine the amount of PM produced during combustion. Understanding the relationship between fuel chemistry and PM emissions is therefore essential in identifying fuels with a lower tendency to form soot. However, existing predictive models have been shown to perform poorly when fuel blends include a large proportion of oxygenated molecules. In this study, we report a new analysis of the data from the EPAct V2 data set with the objective of developing an emission index that adequately handles the effects of oxygenate blending on vehicle and engine emissions. Our approach uses regularized linear regression to select the most important parameters in predicting normalized vehicle emissions as a function of fuel composition and bulk fuel properties. Interestingly, o...
Predicting Initial Reactant Miscibility for CO2-Enhanced Transesterification of Triglycerides with Methanol Using a Polar Version of PC-SAFT

The production of biodiesel via the transesterification of triglycerides by low molecular weight alcohols is generally inhibited by the poor mutual miscibility of the polar alcohol and the nonpolar...
Extracellular pH and intracellular phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate control Cl- currents in guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle cells.

Cl− channels serve as key regulators of excitability and contractility in vascular, intestinal, and airway smooth muscle cells. We recently reported a Cl− conductance in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM...
Genetics of Childhood-onset Schizophrenia 2019 Update.

The genetic architecture of schizophrenia is complex and highly polygenic. This article discusses key findings from genetic studies of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and the more common adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), including studies of familial aggregation and common, rare, and copy number variants. Extant literature suggests that COS is a rare variant of AOS involving greater familial aggregation of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a potentially higher occurrence of pathogenic copy number variants. The direct utility of genetics to clinical practice for COS is currently limited; however, identifying common pathways through which risk genes affect brain function offers promise for novel interventions.
Listening to Radiation Damage In Situ: Passive and Active Acoustic Techniques

Knowing when, why, and how materials evolve, degrade, or fail in radiation environments is pivotal to a wide range of fields from semiconductor processing to advanced nuclear reactor design. A variety of methods, including optical and electron microscopy, mechanical testing, and thermal techniques, have been used in the past to successfully monitor the microstructural and property evolution of materials exposed to extreme radiation environments. Acoustic techniques have also been used in the past for this purpose, although most methodologies have not achieved widespread adoption. However, with an increasing desire to understand microstructure and property evolution in situ, acoustic methods provide a promising pathway to uncover information not accessible to more traditional characterization techniques. This work highlights how two different classes of acoustic techniques may be used to monitor material evolution during in situ ion beam irradiation. The passive listening technique of acoustic emission is demonstrated on two model systems, quartz and palladium, and shown to be a useful tool in identifying the onset of damage events such as microcracking. An active acoustic technique in the form of transient grating spectroscopy is used to indirectly monitor the formation of small defect clusters in copper irradiated with self-ions at high temperature through the evolution of surface acoustic wave speeds. These studies together demonstrate the large potential for using acoustic techniques as in situ diagnostics. Such tools could be used to optimize ion beam processing techniques or identify modes and kinetics of materials degradation in extreme radiation environments.
‘Just Right’: Balance, tranquility, and drunkenness in rural Yucatán

In one rural community in Yucatan, many residents express concerns about the disruption alcohol use poses to the calm of everyday life and the wellbeing of individuals, families, and society. At the same time, men who drink point to tangible ways in which alcohol consumption relieves them of suffering and brings pleasure. Aware of the often-negative effects of their drinking, these men root their desire to get drunk in structural inequalities and resultant stress. Through analysis of extended ethnographic research, this paper explores drinking as a practice through which the complex and sometimes contradictory nature of care in modern life in rural Yucatan is exposed. Care through and against alcohol consumption reveals a convergence of suffering and privilege, one that is, in some ways, uniquely local and, in other ways, reflective of working-class masculinity in many parts of the world.
Normal visual fields measured with Octopus Program G1. I. Differential light sensitivity at individual test locations.

Exact knowledge of the normal variation of visual fields and the influence of age upon them is essential to differentiate normal from abnormal results, e.g., in glaucoma suspects. This study evaluates the normal variability of differential light sensitivity at individual test locations and incorporates a data base of a multicenter study performed with Octopus 201 perimeters using Program G1. The 824 fields thus obtained included 139 fields of 139 healthy volunteers who had undergone two previous visual fields and completed all three phases of the program. Sensitivity decreased linearly with age, an effect which for individual test locations ranged between 0.036 and 0.107 dB/year and which became more pronounced towards the periphery. On average, the age-related effects explained only 17% of the interindividual variation (range 4%-31%). The interindividual variation within a test averaged 4.6 dB2 and revealed a moderate, but quadratic increase towards the periphery. The intra-individual short-term variation was considerably lower, averaging 2.2 dB2. There was a similar modest, quadratic increase of the intra-individual variation towards the periphery. The results may help distinguish incipient disease manifestations from normal variation of perimetric results. Furthermore, the results give insight into the calculation of global visual field indices.
Lability in Parent- and Child-Based Sources of Parental Monitoring Is Differentially Associated with Adolescent Substance Use

Parental knowledge about adolescents’ whereabouts and activities remains one of the strongest predictors of reduced adolescent substance use. A recent study found that across middle childhood and adolescence, parental knowledge is characterized by fluctuations on a year-to-year basis, termed lability, even more-so than by linear trends, and that lability too is a predictor of adolescent substance use (Lippold et al., Dev. Psychol. 17, 274–283, 2016). The present study replicates Lippold et al. (Dev. Psychol. 17, 274–283, 2016) by quantifying developmental change and lability in parental knowledge across adolescence and examining associations with drinking, smoking, and other drug use later in adolescence, and extends the study by examining the sources of knowledge: child disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, separately. Using a community-based sample of 1023 youth in the Northeastern region of the USA, all three sources of knowledge were characterized by developmental change and lability. In general, higher levels and steeper developmental declines in knowledge were associated with substance use outcomes. Findings for child disclosure replicated the prior findings: increased lability of child disclosure predicted substance use. Unexpectedly, decreased lability of parental solicitation and control was associated with worse substance use outcomes. Findings suggest different mechanisms by which lability in child- and parent-driven cultivation of knowledge is associated with substance use. If replicated in studies that address causality, these mechanisms could be leveraged for prevention/intervention efforts. For example, increasing the consistency of child disclosure may help prevent substance use, but teaching parents to be more responsive to time-specific challenges with adolescents may be more effective than increasing the consistency of parents’ knowledge-building parenting behaviors.
Coronary revascularization and circulatory support strategies in patients with myocardial infarction, multi-vessel coronary artery disease, and cardiogenic shock: Insights from an international survey.

Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with high mortality. In the absence of data to support coronary revascularization beyond the infarct artery and selection of circulatory support devices or medications, clinical practice may vary substantially. Methods We distributed a survey to interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons through relevant professional societies to determine contemporary coronary revascularization and circulatory support strategies for MI with CS and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Results A total of 143 participants completed the survey between 1/2019 and 8/2019. Overall, 55.2% of participants reported that the standard approach to coronary revascularization was single vessel PCI of the infarct related artery (IRA) with staged PCI of non-culprit lesions. Single vessel PCI of the IRA only (28.0%), emergency multi-vessel PCI (11.9%), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (4.9%) were standard approaches at some centers. A plurality of survey respondents (46.9%) believed initial PCI with staged CABG for multi-vessel CAD would be associated with the most favorable outcomes. A minority of respondents believed PCI-only strategies (23.1%) and CABG alone (6.3%) provided optimal care, and 23.1% were unsure of the best strategy. After PCI for CS, Impella (76.9%), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (12.8%), and extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (7.7%) were preferred. After CABG, IABP (34.3%), Impella (32.2%), and ECMO (28%) were preferred. Conclusions This survey indicates substantial heterogeneity in clinical care in CS. There is evidence of provider uncertainty and clinical equipoise regarding the optimal management of patients with MI, multi-vessel CAD, and CS. Short abstract We sought to determine contemporary practice patterns of coronary revascularization and circulatory support in patients with MI, multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), and cardiogenic shock. A survey was distributed to interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons through relevant professional societies. Survey respondents identified substantial heterogeneity in clinical care and evidence of provider uncertainty and clinical equipoise regarding the optimal management of patients with MI, multi-vessel CAD, and CS.
Emissions benefits of electric vehicles in Uber and Lyft ride-hailing services

The use of plug-in electric vehicles in ride-hailing services is expected to have substantial emission reduction benefits. However, these benefits depend on the energy fuel mix in the grid and vehicle usage. Here we employ high-resolution data from Uber and Lyft in California to provide insights into the use of electric vehicles in ride-hailing. The growth in electric vehicle use has been rapid in the past two years and a proportionally small number of electric vehicles are already using a large share of electricity provided by the public charging infrastructure. Concerns about the ability of electric vehicles to provide the same level of service as gasoline vehicles has been overstated: we found no statistical difference between the two technologies for services provided to ride-hailing companies. Lastly, the potential environmental and emission reduction benefits are approximately three times higher for electric vehicles being used in ride-hailing compared with those of regular vehicle usage in California. Use of electric vehicles in ride-hailing services such as Uber and Lyft is rising but their impact on environment and emissions remains difficult to assess. Using data from more than 100,000 rides, Alan Jenn shows the substantial emission reduction potential of electric vehicle use in ride-hailing in California.
Development of a hybrid (rigid-flexible) morphing leading edge equipped with bending and extending capabilities:

The development of the bench model of a hybrid (rigid-flexible) morphing leading edge is presented in this paper. The distinctive feature of this design centers on compounding a fully rigid nose wi...
Sobolev training of thermodynamic-informed neural networks for smoothed elasto-plasticity models with level set hardening

We introduce a deep learning framework designed to train smoothed elastoplasticity models with interpretable components, such as a smoothed stored elastic energy function, a yield surface, and a plastic flow that are evolved based on a set of deep neural network predictions. By recasting the yield function as an evolving level set, we introduce a machine learning approach to predict the solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation that governs the hardening mechanism. This machine learning hardening law may recover classical hardening models and discover new mechanisms that are otherwise very difficult to anticipate and hand-craft. This treatment enables us to use supervised machine learning to generate models that are thermodynamically consistent, interpretable, but also exhibit excellent learning capacity. Using a 3D FFT solver to create a polycrystal database, numerical experiments are conducted and the implementations of each component of the models are individually verified. Our numerical experiments reveal that this new approach provides more robust and accurate forward predictions of cyclic stress paths than these obtained from black-box deep neural network models such as a recurrent GRU neural network, a 1D convolutional neural network, and a multi-step feedforward model.
The voucher promise: ‘Section 8’ and the fate of an American neighborhood, by Eva Rosen: Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2020

Since the mid-1970s, American affordable housing policy has shifted from public housing (and subsidized private dwellings) to rental subsidies, originally called “Section 8 Vouchers” but now known ...
Letter in response to "Efficiency of acidemia correction on intermittent versus continuous hemodialysis in acute methanol poisoning".

Sir,We read with interest the article “Efficiency of acidemia correction on intermittent versus continuous hemodialysis in acute methanol poisoning” by Zakharov et al. [1]. The information gleaned ...
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Adrenal Insufficiency.

ABSTRACT Objective It is an exciting time in oncology nursing as new treatments are continually emerging to improve oncological outcomes for people affected by cancer. Immunotherapy is one such innovation in contemporary oncology practice, but the side effects of its treatment can be life threatening. Oncology nurses must be educated in the early identification of life-threatening side effects, and deliver evidence-based interventions to manage consequences of therapy such as, immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adrenal insufficiency. Data Source This article utilizes a case study to emphasize the need for early identification and interventions for clinical management of immunotherapy related adrenal insufficiency. A review of the current evidence is included to provide recommendations for oncology nurses who are involved in providing care for people affected by cancer receiving immunotherapy. Implications for Nursing Practice: Oncology nurses are the frontline caregivers to assess, recognize, so that early intervention and treament can lead to optimal patient outcomes. Conclusion Adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening condition that is difficult to diagnose but if recognized early, morbidity can be prevented, quality of life improved, treatment initiated and life saving immunotherapy treatment can safely continue. Oncology nurses play an active role in ensuring the safe administration of immunotherapy by recognizing this important immune related adverse event. I would like to give credit to Patricia Jakel, RN, MSN, UCLA CNS and Dr. Melissa Lechner, UCLA endocrinologist for their invaluable input in this article.
The impact of codon choice on translation process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: folding class, protein function and secondary structure

Abstract The genetic code consists in a set of rules used by living organisms to translate genomic information, contained in genes, into proteins; every amino acid is coded by a set of nucleotide triplets or codons. We refer to codon choice as the choice of a given codon, among the synonymous available ones, to code a given amino acid occurrence. The aim of this work is to shed light on the pivotal role that codon choice plays in regulating the timing of translation process, through patterns of low and high translation efficiency codons. A translation efficiency value, namely codon score, was associated to each codon through a formula based on the number of tRNAs gene copies able to translate the given codon. By using codon scores, those k-mers of the proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showing low and high average scores associated to the correspondent codons, were computed. The analysis of distribution of both low and high average score k-mers clearly showed that, in particular for higher k-mer size, they occur much more than expected, strongly suggesting a functional role. Moreover performed analysis highlighted that significant k-mers preferentially occur in some protein folding classes, such as those containing alpha helices, and in some functional classes mainly involved in transcription process while codon choice seems to have a very low impact in proteins associated to energy production and metabolism. The relationship between secondary structures and significant k-mers was investigated, revealing that low score k-mers tend to preferentially occur in coil or close to coil regions and almost never in beta sheets, while high score k-mers preferentially occur in alpha helices, avoiding beta sheets, and close to coil regions for high k-mer sizes. Finally the analysis of distribution of significant codon patterns along the proteins highlighted a relevant enrichment of low average score k-mers at the 5’ end of protein-coding sequences in the region from 5th to 25th amino acid.
Processes Regulating Grass Straw Composting

We have been able to successfully compost high C/N ratio materials such as grass straw. The straw composting was examined by using an on-farm windrow approach, different quality straw materials, and different number of turns. Temperatures typical of thermophilic composting (> 50°C) were commonly observed in the turned windrow treatments. The magnitude of culturable microorganisms varied little among treatments and windrow depth (30 cm and 100 cm). except that thermophile populations increased in the turned windrow treatments at all depths midway through the 200 day composting process. Hydrolytic enzyme activity showed no definable pattern for all treatments and windrow depths. The loss of lignin fraction C indicated that extensive lignin degradation occurred in all treatments including the control. The increased need for C and reduced requirement of N of the thermophilic biomass and the release of soluble N and ammonium during the mesophilic to thermophilic transition explains the extensive decomposition of high C to N ratio (50–60 to 1) grass straw during windrow composting. Upgrading of agricultural wastes through composting is a viable residue management alternative that may be important for developing sustainable cropping systems.
Textual Adventures: Writing and Game Development in the Undergraduate Classroom

Abstract Building on scholarship in video game studies, this article argues that rather than writing about games as textual artifacts or playing games to reveal what they can teach us about writing, we should design curricula that introduce students to all of the writing that supports a successful game. The broader claim is that good writing leads to good software. In this case the software in question just happens to be a video game. The software and information technology industries value skilled writers, and those involved with writing pedagogy should continue to explore new methods for preparing students for these opportunities. Building on existing narratological approaches to teaching games is recommended as a place to begin. This article documents a specific endeavor to teach writing through software and game development. The article demonstrates how students experience the entire software development life cycle and its many writing challenges while developing their own text-based adventure games from the ground up.
Makerspaces and Contributions to Entrepreneurship

Abstract Entrepreneurship is essential to the growth and dynamism of countries and regions, forcing policy makers to search for levers to generate new firms within their municipalities. Without public attention, the maker movement, which refers to the democratization of access to and information on using tools, has risen from a fringe hobby to a prominent lifestyle with important implications for public concern. Modernly, tools have been available only to those working within firms and industry or those willing to pay large costs for their procurement. The maker movement presents multiple avenues to increase access to these tools, with the potential for impacts on the quantity and nature of entrepreneurship. My paper explores makerspaces and how they theoretically contribute to business generation and sustainment. As defined in the paper, the maker movement will influence entrepreneurship through three principle channels. The maker movement attracts more individuals into product design, and thus may launch more “accidental entrepreneurs” if they find that their user solutions have a market. Secondly, the maker movement generates dense but diverse networks, creating new ideas and innovative thinking. Lastly, the maker movement lowers the costs for prototyping, making early sales and acquiring outside funding more realistic.
The Morphology of the Developing Myelin Sheath

Myelinated axons are present in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and in both, the myelin sheaths have the form of segmented cylindrical tubes. The segments of the sheaths are the internodes and the intervals between them are the nodes of Ranvier.
Unique Similarity of Faunal Communities across Aquatic–Terrestrial Interfaces in a Polar Desert Ecosystem

Critical transition zones, such as aquatic–terrestrial interfaces, have been recognized as important features in landscape ecology. Yet changes in the community structure of soil and sediment biota across aquatic–terrestrial boundaries remain relatively unstudied. We investigated the community structure of the dominant fauna, namely nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades, across lake sediment–soil transects in three basins in a species-poor, polar desert ecosystem (McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica). We also examined substrate (that is, soil and sediment) properties, including moisture, salinity, carbon, nitrogen and phosphate concentration, across these transects. Differences in faunal community structure and biochemical properties were typically explained by hydrologic basin and the sediment–soil gradient, but not by transects within each basin. Bonney Basin contained the least organic carbon, chlorophyll a, nematodes and taxa, whereas there was little difference in many of these measures between Fryxell and Hoare Basins. Nematode (Scottnema lindsayae and Plectus sp.) and rotifer abundance varied along sediment–soil transects. Scottnema lindsayae, the most abundant and widely distributed soil animal in this ecosystem, increased in abundance from sediments to soils, whereas Plectus sp. and rotifer abundance, and taxa richness (that is, nematodes, rotifers and/or tardigrades), decreased; Eudorylaimus sp. and tardigrade abundance did not differ significantly along the transects. Previous studies of soil biodiversity and faunal abundance in this ecosystem have revealed a positive association between these measures and biogeochemistry, if this holds true for lake sediments, our findings suggest sediments in Lake Bonney experience lower rates of nutrient cycling than either Lakes Fryxell or Hoare. Despite differences in faunal abundances along the sediment–soil transects, taxa occurrence was surprisingly similar in soil and sediment, only S. lindsayae was restricted to soil or the lake shore. In contrast, in other ecosystems, soil community composition differs greatly from lake sediments, suggesting that the observed similarity in species occurrence in both soils and sediments may be unique to Antarctica. This finding might result from the extreme low diversity of this ecosystem, presumably limiting competition among fauna, and thus promoting broad ecological niches. Alternatively, environmental conditions in Antarctica may select for species with broad ecological niches.
User-Experience Development

Developers worldwide wish to understand user-experience development (UXD). UXD comprises activities in user-centered design of user experience, specifically user-interface development (metaphors, mental models, navigation, interaction, and appearance) that are useful for planning, research, analysis, design, implementation, evaluation, and documentation of products/services across a wide number of platforms. This paper summarizes some key concepts and terms.
Audacious Goals for Health and Biomedical Informatics in the New Millennium

The 1998 Scientific Symposium of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) was devoted to developing visions for the future of health care and biomedicine and a strategic agenda for health and biomedical informatics in support of those visions. This symposium focus was prompted by the many major changes currently underway in health care delivery, education, and research, as well as in our health and biomedical enterprises, and by the constantly increasing role of information technology in both shaping and enabling these changes. The three audacious goals developed for 2008 are a virtual health care databank, a national health care knowledge base, and a personal clinical health record.
The thermodynamics of ternary solid solutions containing both substitutional and interstitial solute atoms

Partial configurational thermodynamic functions of interstitial species in ternary solid solutions containing substitutional and interstitial solute atoms
External assistance and the peace process in El Salvador

Abstract External assistance has played a critical role in the Salvadoran peace process. Yet the priorities of the donors have often diverged from those of the Peace Accords. Moreover, several major external assistance actors — notably the international financial institutions — have failed to exercise “peace conditionality”: they have not used formal performance criteria or informal policy dialogue to encourage the timely implementation of high-priority peace programs and the mobilization of greater domestic resources for this purpose. These institutions have recently broadened their mandates to encompass military expenditure reduction and good “governance.” While these concerns are particularly germane in countries emerging from civil war, the case of El Salvador demonstrates that they have yet to be fully incorporated into actual practice.