cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation, Treatment, and Outcomes of Suprascapular Neuropathy: A 5-Year Review

Objective To report our diagnostic and treatment experiences, and patient outcomes, in patients with suprascapular neuropathy (SSN). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A tertiary medical center. Patients 65 patients with electromyographically (EMG)-confirmed SSN. Methods A 5-year retrospective chart review of patients with EMG-confirmed SSN. Main Outcome Measures Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics, risk factors, causes, EMG findings, diagnostic evaluation, treatments, and self-reported outcomes. Exact Mantel-Haenszel χ 2 tests and Fisher exact tests were used to assess correlation between these measures. Results The 3 most common causes of SSN were trauma (32 patients), an inflammatory process (ie, brachial neuritis) (14), and the presence of a cyst (13). Remaining cases were related to a rotator cuff tear or were due to overuse. No cases were attributed to notch abnormalities. At the time of follow-up (a mean of 50 months [range, 15-84 months] after EMG), 50% of subjects returned to activity with no restrictions (excellent outcome) and 40% returned to activity with restrictions (good outcome), regardless of cause and treatment. EMG findings, specifically the presence/absence of fibrillation potentials, did not predict recovery. Conclusions SSN should be considered in patients with shoulder pain and weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound help to exclude a structural process. Identifying a structural cause, specifically a cyst or rotator cuff tear, is important because it appears that these patients have improved recovery with return to normal activities when treated surgically. Although EMG data did not have prognostic value in this study, the data were limited and further study is warranted. Regardless of cause or treatment, most patients with SSN returned to activities in some capacity.
Budd-Chiari syndrome: A single-center experience

AIM: To investigate challenges, risk factors, prognostic indicators, and treatment outcomes associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) at a tertiary care center. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania in patients with a diagnosis of BCS or hepatic vein thrombosis. All patients receiving care at the University of Pennsylvania, and who had at least 2 clinical encounters in the University of Pennsylvania Health system from January 1, 2008 to September 10, 2013 were eligible for study inclusion. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record of each patient, and recorded in a secure Research Electronic Data Capture database. Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of outcome of liver transplant (LT) or death. RESULTS: Between January 1, 2008 and September 10, 2013, forty-seven patients were identified. Median age was 42.4 years. Thirty-one (66.0%) were women. A majority were Caucasian (68.1%). At diagnosis, 43 (91.5%) patients had ascites, 27 (57.4%) patients had a hematologic disorder associated with a hypercoagulable state and 26 (55.3%) had cirrhosis. Forty (85.1%) patients were on anticoagulation (AC), 30 (63.8%) of whom were maintained on warfarin. Two patients (4.3%) underwent thrombolytic therapy. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was placed in 21 (44.7%) patients, 19 (90.5%) of whom were also on AC. Twenty-one (44.7%) received AC alone. Over a median of 974 d, 8 (17.0%) patients received LT, and 10 (21.3%) died. The median time from listing to death was 26 mo [interquartile range (IQR) = 16, 65)]. TIPS with AC was utilized more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.02). Age, cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were significant predictors of LT or death. CONCLUSION: AC alone was employed as frequently as TIPS with AC, though the latter was used more frequently in younger patients with polycythemia vera. There were no significant differences in treatment outcome regardless of the therapeutic intervention employed. Significant predictors of poor prognosis included age, cirrhosis and CKD.
To Define Is to Limit: Is That Good or Bad When it Comes to Chest Pain?

In cardiovascular medicine, we like hard endpoints. Death is one of our favorites. It has a biological basis, is well defined, and has good inter-rater and intrarater reliability. Chest pain, on the other hand, is problematic. It is a subjective experience that is not easily transformed into an
INFLUENCE OF 5-FLUORODEOXYURIDINE ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBELLA VIRUS.

SummaryRubella virus grows to a maximum titer of approximately 10-5.0 Int.D.50 in LLC-MK2 cell cultures, with 2:1 input in50 multiplicity. There is always cell-associated virus which accounts for a small portion of the infectious yield. 5-FUDR did not affect in any way the yield of rubella virus as compared to the untreated control. Rubella virus therefore appears to belong to the RNA viruses.The authors are indebted to the Cancer Chemotherapy Service Center for 5-FUDR. The technical assistance of Miss Patricia Gosnell is gratefully acknowledged.
Firm Growth and Governance: Running to Stand Still?

Using establishment-level micro data on Compustat firms, we develop a novel decomposition of firm employment growth. Our decomposition reveals that on average, firms in this sample rely more on growth from acquiring and founding new establishments than on growth of existing establishments. Importantly, the closure and sales of establishments makes a significant negative growth contribution that more than offsets the growth of existing establishments. We then examine how the quality of governance, as measured by the strength of protection from takeovers, is associated with the various components of firm growth. In line with the literature, we find that poor governance is associated with lower firm growth. However, this lower growth appears to be the result of poorly-governed firms not being able to grow their existing and new establishments, and a significantly greater rate of establishment closures and sales. We do not find any significant differences in the contribution of acquisitions to growth. Togethe...
Two Different Communication Genres and Implications for Vocabulary Development and Learning to Read

This study examined potential differences in vocabulary found in picture books and adult’s speech to children and to other adults. Using a small sample of various sources of speech and print, Hayes...
Regulation of intestinal tyrosine phosphorylation and programmed cell death by peroxovanadate

Cell suspensions of ileal mucosa undergo a rapid and synchronized form of programmed cell death when cultured in a simple medium at 37°C. Because tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins plays a crucia...
Case 29: Controversy

Many years ago a professor of gastroenterology, Dr. Mike Moshal, told us that the intravenous injection of atropine will decrease the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone [1]. In all our anesthesia textbooks, at that time, atropine was reported to increase the LES tone [2]. After the lecture, I told him so. He said: “Well that is interesting. Please give me the reference.”
Arias to academia: an academic malpractice suite in three movements

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible affects of personal traumas on the pedagogical practices of educators sometimes resulting in a type of pedagogical malpractice. The content shares an interest towards reformation in artist training programs, and personal learning experiences for K-12 teachers. Design/methodology/approach – Beginning an inward/backward journey of narrative inquiry, I use autoethnography to explore the following questions: What am I teaching my students, explicitly and implicitly? To what extent do I perpetuate the traumas of my pre-professional training? How can I interrupt this legacy of abuse in my own pedagogical practices? My journey is shared through a collection of brief narrative vignettes, referred to by the musical term suite, in which I critically examine my life experiences in search of answers to these questions. Findings – Like most qualitative research puzzles, I’m left with more questions rather than finite answers. How would my educational exper...
Light-matter interaction: conversion of the optical energy and momentum to mechanical vibrations and phonons(Conference Presentation)

Interactions between light and material media generally involve an exchange of energy and momentum. Whereas packets of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., photons) are known to carry energy as well as momentum, the eigen-modes of mechanical vibration (i.e., phonons) do not carry any momentum of their own. Considering that, in light-matter interactions, not only the total energy but also the total momentum (i.e., electromagnetic plus mechanical momentum) must be conserved, it becomes necessary to examine the momentum exchange mechanism in some detail. In this presentation, we describe the intricate means by which mechanical momentum is taken up and carried away by material media during reflection, refraction, and absorption of light pulses, thereby ensuring the conservation of linear momentum. Particular attention will be paid to periodically-structured media, which are capable of supporting acoustic as well as optical phonons.
Evaluation of the hematologic safety of same day versus standard administration of pegfilgrastim in gynecology oncology patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy.

5569 Background: The safety of the timing of pegfilgrastim administration in women with gynecologic malignancies has been questioned. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of administration of...
Association of Fibrosing Myopathy in Systemic Sclerosis and Higher Mortality.

Objective To determine if a unique subtype of scleroderma muscle disease exists by comparing the clinical features of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) patients with predominant fibrosis on muscle biopsy to those with inflammatory muscle histopathology. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study included SSc patients with muscle weakness and an available muscle biopsy. Biopsies with fibrosis but without inflammation/necrosis were designated as “fibrosing myopathy,” and those with inflammation and/or necrosis were assigned a category of “inflammatory myopathy.” Clinical data, including features of SSc, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, electromyography, autoantibody profile, and survival, were compared between the 2 groups. Results The study population consisted of 37 weak SSc patients, 8 with fibrosing myopathy and 29 with inflammatory myopathy. Compared to those with inflammatory myopathy, patients with fibrosing myopathy were more likely to have diffuse SSc skin subtype (87% versus 62%; P = 0.18), African American race (62.5% versus 37.9%; P = 0.20), and a lower mean ± SD forced vital capacity (55.5 ± 31.9 versus 66.4 ± 17.6; P = 0.23). They also had lower mean ± SD CK values (516 ± 391 versus 2,477 ± 3,511 IU/liter; P = 0.007) and lower aldolase values (13.8 ± 4.7 versus 27.3 ± 4.7; P = 0.01). Patients with fibrosing myopathy had a significantly higher mortality (5 of 8 [62.5%] versus 4 of 29 [14.3%]; P = 0.005). Conclusion Fibrosing myopathy is a unique histologic subtype of muscle disease among weak patients with SSc and is associated with significantly worse mortality compared to those with inflammation and/or necrosis on muscle biopsy.
Guided imagery targeting exercise, food cravings, and stress: a multi-modal randomized feasibility trial

The purpose of this randomized wait-list controlled trial was to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a guided imagery based multi-behavior intervention intended to address psychological stress, food cravings, and physical activity. Personalized guided imagery scripts were created and participants were instructed to practice guided imagery every day for 35 consecutive days. Of 48 women who enrolled, we report comparisons between 16 randomized to treatment with 19 who were wait-listed (overall Mage = 45.50; Mbodymassindex = 31.43). Study completers reported 89% compliance with practicing guided imagery during the intervention. A significant time-by-group interaction was observed with reductions in food cravings and increases in physical activity compared with wait-list controls. Telephone-based multi-behavior interventions that utilize guided imagery to address food cravings and exercise behavior appear to be acceptable for overweight and obese women. Future phone-based guided imagery research testing this skill to address multiple health behaviors is justified.
The Pipeline From Abstract Presentation to Publication in Pediatric Hospital Medicine.

Background The annual Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) conference serves as a venue for the dissemination of research in this rapidly growing discipline. A measure of research validity is subsequent publication in peer-reviewed journals. Objective To identify the publication rate of abstracts submitted to the 2014 PHM conference and determine whether presentation format was associated with subsequent journal publication or time to publication. Methods We identified abstracts submitted to the 2014 PHM conference. Presentation formats included rejected abstracts and poster and oral presentations. Abstracts subsequently published in journals were identified by searching the author and abstract title in PubMed, MedEdPORTAL, and Google Scholar. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to determine if presentation format was associated with publication, time to publication, and publishing journal impact factor. Results Of 226 submitted abstracts, 19.0% were rejected, 68.0% were selected for posters, and 12.8% were selected for oral presentations; 36.3% were subsequently published within 30 months after the conference. Abstracts accepted for oral presentation had more than 7-fold greater odds of publication (adjusted odds ratio 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-23.5) and a 4-fold greater likelihood of publication at each month (adjusted hazard ratio 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-9.7) compared with rejected abstracts. Median journal impact factor was significantly higher for oral presentations than other presentation formats (P Conclusions Abstract reviewers may be able to identify methodologically sound studies for presentation; however, the low overall publication rate may indicate that presented results are preliminary or signify a need for increased mentorship and resources for research development in PHM.
Standards of Risk in War and Civil Life

Though the duties of care owed toward innocents in war and in civil life are at the bottom univocally determined by the same ethical principles, Bazargan-Forward argues that those very principles will yield in these two contexts different “in-practice” duties. Furthermore, the duty of care we owe toward our own innocents is less stringent than the duty of care we owe toward foreign innocents in war. This is because risks associated with civil life but not war (a) often increase the expected welfare of the individuals upon whom the risk is imposed, (b) are often imposed with consent, and (c) are often imposed reciprocally. The conclusion—that we have a pro tanto reason for adopting a more stringent standard of risk imposition toward foreign innocents in war—has implications for not only what standards of risk we should adopt in war, but also how we should weigh domestic versus foreign civilian lives.
Energy Levels in Np 235

The energy levels in $^{235}\mathrm{Np}$ have been studied through the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decay of $^{239}\mathrm{Am}$ and the electron-capture decay of $^{235}\mathrm{Pu}$. A level was observed at 34.1 keV and assigned to the ground-state rotational band with Nilsson quantum numbers $\frac{5}{2}+[642]$. Levels at 49.0, 91.6, and 146.8 keV were assigned to the $\frac{5}{2}\ensuremath{-}[523]$ rotational band. The lifetime of the 49.0-keV state was measured as 6.9 nsec, and the half-life of the $^{235}\mathrm{Pu}$ was redetermined to be 24.3 min.
Posibilidades y límites del crecimiento y desarollo económico-social en países de Europa, Asia, África y América Latina

Desde la perspectiva de las teorias de la maldicion de los recursos y el neoextractivismo y de sus antecedentes teoricos, el objetivo del articulo es contrastar estos referentes con las realidades de algunos paises que fueron consultadas en estudios realizados por investigadores interesados en la tematica en cuestion. Como resultado, se identifican experiencias con efectos favorables y desfavorables en terminos de estimulo o retraso al crecimiento y desarrollo en paises de Europa, Asia, Africa y America Latina, cuyo modelo economico se ha sustentado en las actividades extractivas y de produccion de materias primas, orientadas al comercio exterior.
Ventral striatal response during decision making involving risk and reward is associated with future binge drinking in adolescents

Beginning to engage in heavy alcohol use during adolescence, as opposed to later in life, is associated with elevated risk for a variety of negative consequences, including the development of an alcohol use disorder. Behavioral studies suggest that poor decision making predicts alcohol use during adolescence; however, more research is needed to determine the neurobiological risk factors that underlie this association. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain activation during decision making involving risk and reward was assessed in 47 adolescents (14–15 years old) with no significant history or alcohol or drug use. After baseline assessment, participants completed follow-up interviews every 3 months to assess the duration to onset of binge drinking. Adolescents who made a greater number of risky selections and had greater activation in the nucleus accumbens, precuneus, and occipital cortex during decision making involving greater potential for risk and reward began binge drinking sooner. Findings suggest that heightened activation of reward circuitry during decision making under risk is a neurobiological risk factor for earlier onset of binge drinking. Furthermore, brain activation was a significant predictor of onset to binge drinking, even after controlling for decision-making behavior, suggesting that neurobiological markers may provide additional predictive validity over behavioral assessments. Interventions designed to modify these behavioral and neurobiological risk factors may be useful for curbing heavy alcohol use during adolescence.
Promoting Literacy through Literature: Reading and Writing in ESL Composition.

As those teaching them soon discover, ESL composition courses present a variety of challenges to students and instructors alike. Non-native speakers need special schooling not only in grammar and syntax but also in the cultural assumptions of the American academy and in the rhetorical conventions of English discourse, which often differ markedly from their native patterns of composition. Now that universities across the country have reinstated the traditional requirements that were largely abandoned during the turbulent seventies, we are confronted with yet another responsibility in ESL writing classesto prepare these students for the often alien concepts that structure the typical liberal arts course. To provide our non-native speakers, who come from widely divergent linguistic, cultural, and educational backgrounds, with the tools necessary for meeting these liberal arts requirements, we must design composition courses that combine reading, writing, grammar, aspects of American culture, and methods for developing the analytic skills expected in upper-level courses. As a number of scholars have argued, making literary texts a component of the ESL curriculum provides multiple opportunities for addressing these
Economic losses resulting from food-borne parasitic zoonoses

Economic losses resulting from food-borne parasitic zoonoses are difficult to assess. Estimating the global economic impact of these diseases is handicapped by inadequate information on the prevalence and public health importance of parasitic zoonoses for most countries. However, the economic losses caused by certain zoonoses has been estimated for some regions and in these instances the costs are significant. In Mexico, for example, porcine cysticercosis is responsible for a loss of more than one-half of the national investment in swine production and for more than US$17 million annually in hospitalization and treatment costs for humans with neurocysticercosis. For all of Latin America, porcine cysticercosis accounts for an economic loss of US$164 million. In Africa, losses of one to two billion dollars per year due to bovine cysticercosis have been reported. Human toxoplasmosis in the United States is estimated to be an annual economic/public health burden of more than US$400 million. The implication from these examples and other are discussed. A set of recommendations is presented for obtaining the necessary information needed to permit assigning to food-borne parasitic zoonoses their appropriate priority within each country's complex economic and public health problems.
Hip Fracture Nonunions: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Special Considerations in Elderly Patients

In the United States, more than 300,000 hip fractures occur annually in the elderly population with associated significant morbidity and mortality. Both intracapsular and extracapsular hip fractures have inherent treatment challenges and therefore are at risk of nonunion complications. A systematic assessment including radiographic, metabolic, and infectious evaluations should be completed for all patients suspected of nonunion. Failed internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures is typically treated with arthroplasty, while extracapsular proximal femur nonunions may be amenable to revision internal fixation or arthroplasty. While not a classic hip fracture, bisphosphate associated subtrochanteric femur fractures affect a similar patient population and are historically difficult to treat. Atypical subtrochanteric femur fractures are at increased risk of nonunion given the altered biologic environment secondary to bisphosphonate use; therefore adjuvant therapies may be beneficial in setting of revision fixation. Having a thorough understanding of nonunion risks, recognition, evaluation, and treatment is necessary for appropriate patient care.
A facile entry to l‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydro[1,4]oxazepino‐[5,4‐a]isoindole‐2,7‐diones

The titled compounds were prepared by reacting N-(2-bromoethyl)phthalimide with enolates of phenylacetic acid esters. 2,3-Dihydrooxazolo[2,3-a]isoindolones are believed to be intermediates in the process. An X-ray crystallographic analysis was conducted on one of the compounds.
The Use of Simulation Training in Preparation for Neonatal and Infant Airway Emergencies

Airway management of the neonate and infant is an important part of standard delivery room and intensive care. As such, all pediatric providers working with this population need training and maintenance of proficiency in airway management skills to maximize care and minimize risk to these patients. Airway training programs require creative methods for teaching and maintaining these skills as practicing on actual patients poses significant safety risks. Alternative options for airway instruction include manikins, cadavers, animals, and virtual trainers. In addition to procedural training with airway models, effective training programs incorporate comprehensive clinical scenarios, team-based learning, nontechnical skills, and structured debriefings. Advanced programs also provide instruction on the management of infants with difficult and critical airways including alternative airways, oral and nasal intubation, and airway code drills.
Framework to Develop Computerized Physician Order Entry System for a Medical Specialty

In order to employ information technology for the benefit of healthcare industry a lot of research has been done in the past decades. In this scenario the use of a Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) system has been of primary interest. This is crucial both for patient safety as well as quality of care. But the actual implementation process has had a very slow pace across the globe. Similarly in Pakistan there are a lot of issues in healthcare industry regarding the adoption of information technology in general and CPOE in particular. This is due to the reason that there is a lack of government initiative, technical infrastructure as well as adaptation of CPOE system to the context of Pakistani healthcare sector. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to develop a Computerized Physician Order Entry System. The novel contribution of this work is that the proposed framework learns and develops a CPOE system based on physician experience. Further on this paper elaborates the working of the framework by showing an instance of it which is based on Ophthalmology specialty. The generated CPOE system spans all the three types of ordersets namely medication prescription, imaging diagnostics and laboratory testing.
Do People Devalue Sources of Threatening Health Feedback Particularly When Its Criteria Are Ambiguous and Its Consequences Enduring

We tested the pre-registered hypotheses that receiving threatening health feedback would lead participants to disparage the health-assessment tool used to generate it and that quality of the assessment would moderate this effect. In Studies 1–3, undergraduate students completed a questionnaire including both unambiguous and ambiguous health-assessment items and were randomly assigned to receive either negative health feedback or no feedback. In Study 4, participants were randomly assigned to a control condition or to one of two experimental conditions that entailed receiving negative feedback about enduring or fleeting consequences of their health behaviors. Across all studies, contrary to our predictions, there were no significant effects of feedback on participants’ ratings of the accuracy of the assessment procedures. These findings have implications for understanding the specific conditions under which people disparage sources of threatening feedback in the domain of health.
A study of DVFS methodologies for multicore systems with islanding feature

Abstract High performance computing centers need to keep up with the growing applications of varying computational characteristics. High computation rates result in consuming vast amounts of energy with increasing electricity costs. To fulfill computational demands with reasonable energy consumption cost, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique is used for scaling voltage/frequency (V/F) levels of cores based on their time-varying workloads during application runtime. This book chapter investigates improving multicore system energy efficiency with DVFS, where optimization goal is to minimize application execution time while maintaining the energy consumption below a user-defined energy budget and vice versa. This optimization goal is achieved by performing DVFS at fine-grain level, which adjusts individual cores V/F levels, and at coarse-grain level, which divides the cores into multiple voltage/frequency islands (VFIs), where all the cores in each VFI share a common V/F level. Despite being very energy-efficient, the fine-grain VFIs have high implementation overheads. The coarse-grain VFIs provide acceptable energy efficiency with lower overheads. The fine-grain DVFS establishes energy efficiency optimality used for evaluating the coarse-grain VFIs performance. Factors considered for improving the coarse-grain VFIs energy efficiency include scheduling tasks among VFIs, clustering cores with similar workloads across application execution intervals, and fixing the VFIs V/F levels for the entire application runtime or adjusting them per application execution interval. The fine- and coarse-grain VFIs energy efficiency performances, optimized at compile-time, are evaluated on multiple applications that have varying computational characteristics. This book chapter also evaluates these optimization methodologies scalabilities for systems with different number of cores.
Meditation and Cardiovascular Health in the US

The 2017 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on meditation and cardiovascular risk suggested that meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline-directed cardiovascular risk-reduction interventions. Meditation could potentially increase physical and mental relaxation, leading to improved outcomes after a major cardiovascular event. We hypothesized that meditation is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in the US general population. Using data from the 2012 and 2017 National Health Interview Survey, we identified all patients with hypercholesterolemia, systemic hypertension (SH), diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke, and coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as those who reported that they meditate. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between meditation and risk of hypercholesterolemia, SH, DM, stroke, and CAD, adjusting for potential confounders. Of 61,267 the National Health Interview Survey participants, 5,851 (9.6%) participated in some form of meditation. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, race, marital status, cigarette smoking, sleeping duration, and depression, meditation was independently associated with a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 0.79; p = 0.001), SH (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99; p = 0.04), diabetes (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.84; p = 0.0001), stroke (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.99; p = 0.04), or CAD (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.66; p
HTLV-1 Replication and Adult T Cell Leukemia Development.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was discovered in 1980 as the first, and to date, the only retrovirus that causes human cancer. While HTLV-1 infection is generally asymptomatic, 3–5% of infected individuals develop a T cell neoplasm known as adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) decades after infection. Since its discovery, HTLV-1 has served as a model for understanding retroviral oncogenesis, transcriptional regulation, cellular signal transduction, and cell-associated viral infection and spread. Much of the initial research was focused on the viral trans-activator/oncoprotein, Tax. Over the past decade, the study of HTLV-1 has entered the genomic era. With the development of new systems for studying HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis, the completion of the whole genome, exome and transcriptome sequencing analyses of ATL, and the discovery of HBZ as another HTLV-1 oncogene, many established concepts about how HTLV-1 infects, persists and causes disease have undergone substantial revision. This chapter seeks to integrate our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of Tax and HBZ with the comprehensive genomic information of ATL to provide an overview of how HTLV-1 infects, replicates and causes leukemia.
Specialized interferon ligand action in COVID19

ABSTRACT The impacts of IFN signaling on COVID19 pathology are multiple, with protective and harmful effects being documented. We report here a multi-omics investigation of IFN signaling in hospitalized COVID19 patients, defining the biosignatures associated with varying levels of 12 different IFN ligands. Previously we showed that seroconversion associates with decreased production of select IFN ligands (Galbraith et al, 2021). We show now that the antiviral transcriptional response in circulating immune cells is strongly associated with a specific subset of ligands, most prominently IFNA2 and IFNG. In contrast, proteomics signatures indicative of endothelial damage associate with levels of IFNB and IFNA6. Differential IFN ligand production is linked to distinct constellations of circulating immune cells. Lastly, IFN ligands associate differentially with activation of the kynurenine pathway, dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, and altered central carbon metabolism. Altogether, these results reveal specialized IFN ligand action in COVID19, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. IMPACT STATEMENT Analysis of multi-omics signatures associated with 12 different IFN ligands reveals their specialized action in COVID19.
ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES AND WATER QUALITY PLANNING

Two fundamental types of problems affect the incorporation of environmental values into water quality planning: (1) Problems of incommensurable values; and (2) problems of incomplete information. The nature of these problems is reviewed in the context of rational planning models. State of-the-art methods for coping with value and information difficulties, including NEPA, the Water Resources Council Principles and Standards, and contingency planning techniques are described. An empirical research strategy for investigating planning behavior is proposed and preliminary results for three agencies, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the Federal Bureau of Land Management, and the California State Water Resources Control Board are reported.
OPTIC ATROPHY IN CHILDHOOD.

An attempt has been made to determine the significance and outcome of optic atrophy as an apparently isolated entity in the pediatric age group. A follow-up study was made of 48 children who presented in early childhood with optic atrophy with no known cause and no obvious systemic or neurological disease. It was found that the prognosis for useful vision is in general favorable in this group of cases. However, the significant incidence of mental retardation and other neurological impairment was noted for those children who had manifested severely impaired vision under one year of age. There was no correlation between specific symptoms and the outcome of vision. The patients with idiopathic optic atrophy were compared with other patients who presented with optic atrophy without signs of systemic or neurological disease on initial examination but who were later found to have underlying disease. X-ray findings of enlargement of the optic foramina, deformity of the sella turcica, and suprasellar calcification or hyperostitic changes in the region of the optic foramen were found to be important differential diagnostic features, as was the presence of proptosis or visual field defects, reflecting involvement of the optic chiasm or retrochiasmal visual pathways. By the use of these features and certain laboratory determinations it was possible to separate the idiopathic group from patients whose optic atrophy was secondary to optic nerve and chiasm gliomas, other intracranial neoplasms, fibrous dysplasia, congenital syphilis, and orbital neurofibroma. Problems in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of optic atrophy have been discussed.
Quantifying Cross and Direct Network Effects in Online C2C Platforms

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) platforms have become a major engine of growth in Internet commerce. This is especially true in countries such as China, which are experiencing a big rush towards electronic commerce. The emergence of such platforms gives researchers the unique opportunity to investigate the evolution of such platforms by focusing on the growth of both buyers and sellers. In this research, we build a utility-based model to quantify both cross and direct network effects on Alibaba Group’s Taobao.com, the world’s largest online C2C platform (based in China). Specifically, we investigate the relative contributions of different factors that affect the growth of buyers and sellers on the platform. Our results suggest that the direct network effects do not play a big role in the platform’s growth (we detect a small positive direct network effect on buyer growth and no direct network effect on seller growth). More importantly, we find a significant, large and positive cross-network effect on both sides of the platform. In other words, the installed base of either side of the platform has propelled the growth of the other side (and thus the overall growth). Interestingly, this cross-network effect is asymmetric with the installed base of sellers having a much larger effect on the growth of buyers than vice versa. The growth in the number of buyers is driven primarily by the seller’s installed base and product variety with increasing importance of product variety. The growth in the number of sellers is driven by buyer’s installed base, buyer quality, and product price with increasing importance of buyer quality. We also investigate the nature of these cross-network effects over time. We find that the cross-network effect of sellers on buyers increases and then decreases to reach a stable level. In contrast, the cross-network effect of buyers on sellers is relatively stable. We discuss the policy implications of these findings for C2C platforms in general and Taobao in particular.
Language as the House of Being? How to Bring Intelligibility to Heidegger While Keeping the Excitement

At the core of Heidegger's philosophy, there lies this nagging question: what is the link between language and being? Using a famous formulation by Heidegger as a guide (‘When we go to the well, when we go through the woods, we are always already going through the word “well”, through the word “woods”’), the analysis focuses on the connection Heidegger establishes between being (what woods and well ‘are’), understanding (something is understood ‘as’ woods or well), and temporality (human understanding of woods and well has changed since ancient Greek times, for example). Language is both what grants things their way to matter to us and thus to ‘be’ for us to the extent that we understand them, but language is also linked to a ‘happening’ (Geschehen) or an event so that things are not bound to their Geek being or current being: things ‘become being’ (seiend werden). Language is both the means for things to materialize in historical times: ‘being woods’ or ‘being a well,’ as well as a testimony to their entry into being. This is why language in its poetic use can make beings ‘more being’ (seiender).
On the utility of entanglement in quantum neural computing

Efforts in combining quantum and neural computation are briefly discussed and the concept of entanglement as it applies to this subject is addressed. Entanglement is perhaps the least understood aspect of quantum systems used for computation, yet it is apparently most responsible for their computational power. This paper argues for the importance of understanding and utilizing entanglement in quantum neural computation.
The growth of AlInSb by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

We have grown AlxIn1−xSb epitaxial layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using tritertiarybutylaluminum (TTBAl), trimethylindium (TMIn), and triethylantimony (TESb) as sources in a high speed rotating disk reactor. Growth temperatures of 435 to 505°C at 200 Torr were investigated. The V/III ratio was varied from 1.6 to 7.2 and TTBAl/(TTBAl+TMIn) ratios of 0.26 to 0.82 were investigated. AlxIn1−xSb compositions from x=0.002 to 0.52 were grown with TTBAl/(TTBAl+TMIn) ratios of 0.62 to 0.82. Under these conditions, no Al was incorporated for TTBAl/(TTBAl+TMIn) ratios less than 0.62. Hall measurements of AlxIn1−xSb showed hole concentrations between 5×1016 cm−3 to 2 × 1017 cm−3 and mobilities of 24 to 91 cm2/Vs for not intentionally doped AlxIn1−xSb.
Role of associative learning in the production of differential stimulus-response isolation effects

In each of two experiments, either the stimulus or the response of one S-R pair in an eight-pair list of two-letter consonants was isolated by printing it in red. In Exp. I, the memory drum was stopped after every fourth trial to obtain a measure of free recall. In Exp. II, an associative-matching procedure was used. Anticipation scores and matching scores revealed that stimulus isolation produced a greater effect than response isolation, whether or not response items were made available to S. Free-recall scores indicated no advantage of stimulus over response isolation. Results were interpreted to indicate that the advantage of stimulus over response isolation results primarily from differential effects on the associative phase of paired-associate learning.
Alterations in membrane dynamics elicited by amphiphilic compounds are augmented in plasmenylcholine bilayers.

The dynamics of binary mixtures of choline glycerophospholipids and lysophospholipids were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy to compare and contrast the effects of each subclass of lysophospholipids on plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine membrane motional characteristics. The decrease in steady-state anisotropy resulting from the introduction of lysoplasmenylcholine into plasmenylcholine bilayers was 4-6-fold greater than that manifest from the introduction of lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine bilayers (i.e., delta r = 0.017 vs. 0.004 or 0.011 vs. 0.002 at 5 C degrees and 10 C degrees above their phase transition temperatures, respectively). Lysoplasmenylcholine was also more potent than lysophosphatidylcholine in perturbing the dynamics of membrane bilayers comprised of phosphatidylcholine as measured by alterations in the steady-state anisotropy of the diphenylhexatriene probe. Finally, lipid matrices comprised of plasmenylcholine were uniformly more susceptible to amphiphilic perturbation (mediated by lysoplasmenylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine or long chain acylcarnitine) than matrices comprised of phosphatidylcholine. Collectively, these results demonstrate that accumulation of plasmalogen catabolites resulting from activation of plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A2 can potentiate alterations in membrane dynamics during signal transduction in plasmalogen-enriched bilayers.
Growth and characterization of long wavelength infrared type II superlattice photodiodes on a 3" GaSb wafer

One of the great advantages of Type II InAs/GaSb superlattice over other competing technologies for the third generation infrared imagers is the potential to have excellent uniformity across a large area as the electronic structure of the material is controlled by the layer thicknesses, not by the composition of the materials. This can economize the material growth, reduce the fabrication cost, and especially allow the realization of large format imagers. In this talk, we report the molecular beam epitaxial growth of Type II superlattices on a 3" GaSb substrate for long wavelength infrared detection. The material exhibits excellent structural, optical and electrical uniformity via AFM, Xray, quantum efficiency and I-V measurements. At 77K, 11μm cutoff photodiodes exhibit more than 45% quantum efficiency, and a dark current density of 1.0x10-4A/cm2 at 50 mV, resulting in a specific detectivity of 6x1011 cm.Hz1/2/W.
FRAGMENTATION OF BRITTLE MATERIALS AT HIGH RATES OF LOADING

Experiments involving the fragmentation of SiC during both quasistatic and high-rate compressive loading are described. Measured fragment size distributions are considered in terms of current ideas regarding high strain rate damage and microfracture. It is concluded that both crack dynamics and crack nucleation via plastic flow mechanisms may be important elements in the failure process.
Instrumental configuration for direct measurement of optical absorption of ion cyclotron resonance mass-selected trapped ions

Identification and structural analysis of gas-phase ions is presently based on methods similar to those used in condensed-phase chemistry 75 years ago: namely, breaking the ion apart and weighing the fragments, and/or using chemical reactions to identify groups or reactive centers. For example, dissociation of mass-selected parent ions by (e.g.) collision-induced dissociation [CID], photodissociation, electron impact dissociation, surface-induced dissociation, etc., yields a product ion mass spectrum from which parent ion structure and bonding are indirectly inferred. Optical spectroscopy, on the other hand, can reveal directly the structure of the absorbing species. Directly measured optical absorption spectra of ions have yielded structures of a few species, such as H3+. Most such experiments have been carried out in a discharge tube although a few mass selected ion spectra have been obtained in a fast ion beam. Here, we propose to conduct optical absorption experiments on mass-selected ions in an ICR ion trap; such experiments require that both optical absorption sensitivity and the maximum number of trapped ions be improved by an order of magnitude. To increase absorption sensitivity, we have chosen a newly developed cavity ringdown method which has previously been demonstrated for visible spectra of neutrals. By use of quadrupolar excitation and collisional cooling to axialize and mass-select ions in a multi-chamber trap, we hope to trap as many as 109 ions with an effective optical path length of 10 000 m, making it possible to detect ions of 10−16 cm2 absorption cross-section.
Differential apoptosis gene expression in pediatric tumors of the kidney.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is essential in maintaining normal homeostasis of tissues. The process of apoptosis is controlled by numerous pro- and antiapoptotic factors. Variations in expression of such factors may account for some variations in tumor behavior. This study evaluates the expression of apoptotic mRNA species in pediatric renal tumors to determine whether a pattern of differential apoptosis gene expression correlates with tumor grade and type. Methods: Twenty-five frozen tissue specimens were obtained from patients undergoing biopsy or resection of pediatric renal tumors before chemotherapy: Wilms' tumor stage II (WT-II, n=4); Wilms' tumor stage III/IV (WT-III/IV, n=4); clear cell sarcoma of the kidney stage III (CCSK, n=2); rhabdoid tumor of the kidney stage III/IV (RTK, n=4); and normal kidney (NK, n=11). An RNase Protection Assay (RPA) was performed for 19 pro- and antiapoptotic mRNA species to detect and quantify expression (percentage of GAPDH expressed). Expression of specific mRNAs of interest were confirmed by Western Blot (WB). Results: The expression of apoptotic mRNA species varied markedly between tumors. WT-II expressed greater amounts of proapoptotic receptor mRNA than CCSK or RTK. (Fas, 17.0 ± 2.7% v 2.5 ± 0.5% v 3.3 ± 0.9%; P v 13.5 ± 0.5% v 27.0 ± 4.8; P v 21.0 ± 4.0% v 29.0 ± 5.0%; P v 56.1 ± 10.1%; P =.01). Conclusions: Proapoptotic receptors are expressed at greater levels in good prognostic tumors, and this finding is compatible with their clinical behavior. Knowledge of differential apoptotic gene expression is of potential value in predicting prognosis and treating such tumors with targeted ligands. J Pediatr Surg 35:390-395. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. .
Salvage Radiation Therapy (RT) for Recurrence in the Brain After Surgical Resection and Involved Field Radiation Therapy (IFRT) for Single Brain Metastases: VMAT Versus Matched Lateral Fields

Results: Planning time including redelineated ITV and replanned helical IMRT plan takes less than 30 minutes. MLD increased 1w1.5 Gy. V5, V10, V20 increased 4w5 %, 2w3 %, 1w2 % respectively. Conclusions: In less than 30 minutes fast adaptive planning is possible through using DIR program and GPU based RTP. Dosimetric parameters were in our criteria. The fast adaptive planning method would need patients to have irregular breathing patterns. Author Disclosure: J. Woo: None. J. Kim: None. J. Baek: None. M. Kim: None. S. Kim: None. S. Lee: None. J. Cho: None.
Structural comparison of a portion of the rat and mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein genes.

Abstract A portion of the rat growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene was cloned by PCR. Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analyses revealed that an exon, exon 8A, encoding the carboxy terminus of the rat serum growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) was located between exons 7 and 8 of the rat GHR gene. Two tandem poly-adenylation (poly A) signals for the GHBP mRNA were found in the 3′-untranslated region of this exon. In addition, a GT repeat tract was found adjacent to the 5′-splice donor site of intron 7/8A. The similarity of the nucleotide sequences of the rat and mouse GHR/GP gene suggests that the poly A signals and GT repeat may be involved in the regulation of GHR and GHBP expression.