cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meeting the Health Information Needs of Diverse Populations

Meeting the health information needs of diverse communities is a challenge for librarians. Libraries of many types have a duty to identify and maintain contact with constituents having a variety of health information needs. Assessing community needs includes identifying specific population groups, the languages that they speak, the health issues affecting their lives, and their preferred methods of obtaining information. Locating, acquiring, and disseminating materials that address relevant health issues in an accessible manner takes commitment, funding, and a variety of collection development techniques. Library efforts have improved access to health information for diverse communities, but significant barriers to accessing health information remain. Reaching communities effectively includes community outreach via programming and partnering with communitybased organizations and local health care agencies. By assisting information creators and health care providers in understanding how materials are being used and what materials need to be developed, library staff can play an important role in promoting the development of culturally and linguistically appropriate health information. Libraries worldwide are dedicated to meeting the information needs of the populations they serve. Meeting the health information needs of diverse populations is challenging for many reasons. Individual health information is intrinsically intimate and personal, time frames may be short, and there
Corrigendum to “Low cerebrospinal fluid and plasma orexin-A (hypocretin-1) concentrations in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder” [Psychoneuroendocrinology 35 (7) (2010) 1001–1007]

Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, United States Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, United States Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, United States Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States Department of Pediatrics, Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, incinnati, OH, United States Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
PANTHER version 10: expanded protein families and functions, and analysis tools

PANTHER (Protein Analysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships, http://pantherdb.org) is a widely used online resource for comprehensive protein evolutionary and functional classification, and includes tools for large-scale biological data analysis. Recent development has been focused in three main areas: genome coverage, functional information (‘annotation’) coverage and accuracy, and improved genomic data analysis tools. The latest version of PANTHER, 10.0, includes almost 5000 new protein families (for a total of over 12 000 families), each with a reference phylogenetic tree including protein-coding genes from 104 fully sequenced genomes spanning all kingdoms of life. Phylogenetic trees now include inference of horizontal transfer events in addition to speciation and gene duplication events. Functional annotations are regularly updated using the models generated by the Gene Ontology Phylogenetic Annotation Project. For the data analysis tools, PANTHER has expanded the number of different ‘functional annotation sets’ available for functional enrichment testing, allowing analyses to access all Gene Ontology annotations—updated monthly from the Gene Ontology database—in addition to the annotations that have been inferred through evolutionary relationships. The Prowler (data browser) has been updated to enable users to more efficiently browse the entire database, and to create custom gene lists using the multiple axes of classification in PANTHER.
Fluoxetine trial in suicidal depressed alcoholics.

The selective serotonergic agonist fluoxetine has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of depression and has suggested efficacy in the treatment of alcoholism. However, no trials with any selective serotonin agonist have been reported in patients who display both major depression and alcoholism. In this study, 12 patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence were treated openly with fluoxetine for 8 weeks, with doses ranging from 20 mg to 40 mg p.o. qAM. All 12 patients reported prominent suicidal ideation upon admission to our hospital; 6 had made serious suicide attempts shortly before admission. Statistically significant improvements were noted on measures of depression and postdischarge alcohol consumption. No paradoxical increases in suicidality were noted. These findings suggest that fluoxetine has potential for treating the depressive symptoms and the excessive alcohol intake of depressed alcoholics.
Chest volume and shape and intrapleural pressure in microgravity

To the Editor : In their theoretical modeling study, White and Blomqvist ([5][1]) concluded that “during weightless spaceflight, the chest relaxes with a concomitant shape change that increases the volume of the closed chest cavity. This leads to a decrease in intrapleural pressure … decreasing
Role of Surface Layers in the Leaching Behavior of Glass

Results are presented from a two-year dynamic leach test of nuclear waste glass under conditions designed to simulate those of the Stripa granite repository. Solution and surface analytical techniques were used to assess the glass leach rate as well as surface composition and morphology. Glass leach rates were observed to decrease by a factor of two during the first six months. This effect is attributed to the formation of a protective surface layer. Analysis of this layer shows it to be rich in silicon and iron and depleted in lithium, sodium and boron. It was also found that the layer is subject to dissolution.
Slip at the triple contact point in two phase flow in microchannels

Over the past two decades several studies have been conducted to understand the molecular mechanism of slip in fluids at the boundary and to better understand the movement of triple contact point in two phase flows. The paper studies this problem and investigates the cause and effects of the moving contact point. The results indicates that miscibility between the two fluids, hydrophobicity between fluid and wall, and the shear rate of the fluid are some of the fundamental parameters that determine the amount of slip at the triple contact point. Circulation inside a droplet and slip at the fluid-fluid interface are correlated and interlinked with the motion of a dynamic contact line. Knowing how these phenomenons affect contact line motion is required for a better understanding of the movement of triple contact point in two phase flow. This information would aide in developing a slip model for the triple contact point in a two phase flow.
Mild traumatic brain injury with social defeat stress alters anxiety, Contextual fear extinction, and limbic monoamines in adult rats

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) produces symptoms similar to those typifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. We sought to determine whether a rodent model of stress concurrent with mTBI produces characteristics of PTSD such as impaired contextual fear extinction, while also examining concurrent alterations to limbic monoamine activity in brain regions relevant to fear and anxiety states. Male rats were exposed to social stress or control conditions immediately prior to mTBI induction, and 6 days later were tested either for anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze (EPM), or for contextual fear conditioning and extinction. Brains were collected 24 hr after EPM testing, and tissue from various limbic regions analyzed for content of monoamines, their precursors and metabolites using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Either social defeat or mTBI alone decreased time spent in open arms of the EPM, indicating greater anxiety-like behavior. However, this effect was enhanced by the combination of treatments. Further, rats exposed to both social defeat and mTBI exhibited greater freezing within extinction sessions compared to all other groups, suggesting impaired contextual fear extinction. Social defeat combined with mTBI also had greater effects on limbic monoamines than either insult alone, particularly with respect to serotonergic effects associated with anxiety and fear learning. The results suggest social stress concurrent with mTBI produces provides a relevant animal model for studying the prevention and treatment of post-concussive psychobiological outcomes.
Dynamics of carbonate chemistry, production, and calcification of the Florida Reef Tract (2009–2010): Evidence for seasonal dissolution

Ocean acidification is projected to lower the Ωar of reefal waters by 0.3–0.4 units by the end of century, making it more difficult for calcifying organisms to secrete calcium carbonate while at the same time making the environment more favorable for abiotic and biotic dissolution of the reefal framework. There is great interest in being able to project the point in time when coral reefs will cross the tipping point between being net depositional to net erosional in terms of their carbonate budgets. Periodic in situ assessments of the balance between carbonate production and dissolution that spans seasonal time scales may prove useful in monitoring and formulating projections of the impact of ocean acidification on reefal carbonate production. This study represents the first broad-scale geochemical survey of the rates of net community production (NCP) and net community calcification (NCC) across the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). Surveys were performed at approximately quarterly intervals in 2009–2010 across seven onshore-offshore transects spanning the upper, middle, and lower Florida Keys. Averaged across the FRT, the rates of NCP and NCC were positive during the spring/summer at 62 ± 7 and 17 ± 2 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively, and negative during the fall/winter at −33 ± 6 and −7 ± 2 mmol m−2 d−1. The most significant finding of the study was that the northernmost reef is already net erosional (−1.1 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) and midreefs to the south were net depositional on an annual basis (0.4 ± 0.1 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) but erosional during the fall and winter. Only the two southernmost reefs were net depositional year-round. These results indicate that parts of the FRT have already crossed the tipping point for carbonate production and other parts are getting close.
High Intratumoral Stromal Content Defines Reactive Breast Cancer as a Low-risk Breast Cancer Subtype

Purpose: The current study evaluated associative effects of breast cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment and its influence on tumor behavior. Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and matched protein lysates were evaluated from two independent breast cancer patient datasets (TCGA and MD Anderson). Reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) were utilized to create a proteomics signature to define breast tumor subtypes. Expression patterns of cell lines and normal breast tissues were utilized to determine markers that were differentially expressed in stroma and cancer cells. Protein localization and stromal contents were evaluated for matched cases by imaging. Results: A subtype of breast cancers designated “Reactive,” previously identified by RPPA that was not predicted by mRNA profiling, was extensively characterized. These tumors were primarily estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human EGF receptor (HER)2-negative, low-risk cancers as determined by enrichment of low-grade nuclei, lobular or tubular histopathology, and the luminal A subtype by PAM50. Reactive breast cancers contained high numbers of stromal cells and the highest extracellular matrix content typically without infiltration of immune cells. For ER-positive/HER2-negative cancers, the Reactive classification predicted favorable clinical outcomes in the TCGA cohort (HR, 0.36; P Conclusions: A protein stromal signature in breast cancers is associated with a highly differentiated phenotype. The stromal compartment content and proteins are an extended phenotype not predicted by mRNA expression that could be utilized to subclassify ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5068–78. ©2016 AACR .
Individual-tree basal area growth, survival, and total height models for upland hardwoods in the Boston Mountains of Arkansa

Mod& were developed for individual-tree basal area growth, survival, and total heights for different species of upland hardwoods in the Boston Mountains of north Arkansas. Data used were from 87 permanentplots located in an array of different sites and stand ages; the plots were thinned to different stocking levels and included unthinned controls. To test these three tree models, stand developmentfor 5 and 10 yr were simulated in terms of stand basal area/at, numbers of trees/at, and quadratic mean diameter. Percent mean differences for the three variables indicated no serious biases. A long-term projection of 100 yr to test model reasonableness showed development that would be consistent with these stands. These equations provideforest managers thefirst upland hardwood individual-tree growth models specifically for this region. South. J. Appl. For. 22(3):184-192. Forest stand growth and development are primary concerns of forest managers, and the information sought today goes far beyond the aggregate stand values they were content to use in the past. Today’s managers desire not only aggregate information, but also data by species, diameters, heights, etc., so that they can apply their own merchantability standards to generate stand summaries. Such detailed data are also useful for nontimber applications, such as estimating potential mast production for wildlife. This appetite for detailed information can often be satisfied best with individual-tree growth models, where data for each stem are maintained for later summarization in a number of formats. Although there are models for upland hardwoods in other regions (Harrison et al. 1986, Hilt 1985, Shifley 1987), we do not have one for oaks and other upland hardwood species for the Boston Mountains. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis is to develop individual-tree equations for basal area growth, survival, and total tree heights for upland hardwood species in this region. NATE: Paul A. Murphy is corresponding author and can be reached at (870) 367-3464; Fax: (870) 367-l 164; E-mail: murphy_paul/ srs_monticello@fs.fed.us. Manuscript received January 21, 1997; accepted September 15, 1997. Study Area and Description The Boston Mountains are the highest and southernmost member of the Ozark Plateau physiographic province (Figure 1). They form a band 30 to 40 miles wide and 200 miles long from north central Arkansas westward into eastern Oklahoma. Elevations range from about 900 ft in the valley bottoms to 2,500 ft at the highest point. The
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in Shell Eggs from Small-Scale Poultry Farms and Farmers' Markets

ABSTRACT Public health concerns over the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria have increased recently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae in shell eggs purchased from small poultry farms and farmers' markets. A total of 504 eggs were pooled to make 252 composite samples, consisting of 2 eggs per composite. The microbial quality of shell eggs was determined by standard quantitative, biochemical, and PCR techniques. Susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique, and results were interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute values. Shell eggs and egg contents were positive for Escherichia coli (11.9 and 5.2%, respectively), Enterobacter (9.1 and 7.9%), and Serratia (11.5 and 4.8%). Salmonella was isolated from 3.6% of egg shells but not from egg contents. Mean (±SD) Enterobacteriaceae levels (4.4 ± 2.0 log CFU per eggshell) on shell eggs from poultry farms...
Metabolic and functional responses of immature and mature rabbit hearts to hypoperfusion, ischemia, and reperfusion

Relationships between contractile function and cytosolic metabolism were examined in mature and immature rabbit hearts during graded hypoperfusion, global ischemia, and reperfusion. Differences in basal contractile function and metabolic demand in immature and mature hearts were paralleled by differences in energy substrate indexed by the phosphorylation potential and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels but not by differences in ATP, pH, or inorganic phosphate (Pi). During graded hypoperfusion, contractility declined comparably in both age groups. Relative changes in [ATP], [PCr], and [Pi] were similar in both groups, whereas pH declined to a greater extent in mature hearts, and [Mg2+] declined to a greater extent in immature hearts. Contractile function correlated most consistently with [Pi] and supports the notion that Pi (and H+) are primary determinants of function in underperfused immature and mature hearts. Aerobic efficiency declined in immature but not mature hearts during hypoperfusion, reflecting an improved ratio of ATP formation relative to ATP hydrolysis in the hypoperfused immature myocardium. Finally, the enhanced contractile recovery from global ischemia in immature compared with mature hearts (to 93 +/- 4 vs. 79 +/- 2% of basal function) was unrelated to recovery of ATP, Pi, pH, Mg2+, [ATP]/[ADP].[Pi], or free-energy change of ATP hydrolysis. Age-related differences in maintenance of ATP may be related to enhanced metabolic activation of glycolysis coupled with better buffering of pH and an improved match between ATP hydrolysis and ATP formation in immature heart.
Abstract 36: Light exposure at night influences host/cancer circadian regulatory dynamics, Warburg effect, and human prostate cancer progression in nude rats

Current evidence indicates that rotating night shift workers have an increased risk of developing breast and prostate cancers, which have been associated with light at night (LAN)-induced circadian disruption as the principal risk factor. Previously, we demonstrated that animal room dark phase light contamination with as little as 0.20 lux (0.08 μW/cm2) suppressed the nocturnal production of the circadian oncostatic neurohormone melatonin and stimulated human breast tumor growth and metabolism. The circadian melatonin signal suppresses tumor growth and metabolism via an MT1 melatonin receptor-mediated signaling mechanism involving inhibition of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and linoleic acid (LA) uptake and conversion to the mitogen 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) culminating in down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 pathways. We developed a new tissue-isolated androgen-receptor positive (AR+), castration-sensitive VCaP prostate tumor model in adult male athymic nude rats (Crl:NIH-Foxn1rnu), to test the hypothesis that nocturnal melatonin levels inhibit, while dim LAN (dLAN)-induced suppression of nocturnal melatonin production stimulates, tumor signaling, metabolic and growth activity. VCaP xenograft-bearing rats (n = 6/group) maintained on either a control light/dark cycle (LD, 12:12; 300 lux light phase intensity) or an experimental light/dark cycle (LD, 12:12dLAN (0.2 lux; dark phase intensity) for 6 weeks resulted in a 2.5-fold decrease in latency-to-onset (time of implant to first palpable mass) and 2-fold increase in tumor growth rates in experimental animals lacking a nocturnal circadian melatonin signal as compared to control animals with an intact melatonin signal. In control animals, plasma melatonin levels were high in the mid-dark phase (183.4 ± 12.8 pg/mL) and low (2.2 ± 0.4 pg/mL) in mid-light phase, while they were low throughout the 24-hr period in dLAN-exposed animals. Tumors harvested during the mid-dark phase (2400 h) revealed that cAMP levels, Warburg effect (increased glucose uptake and lactate production), LA uptake, 13-HODE production, and DNA [3H]Thymidine incorporation were all significantly elevated (P Citation Format: Robert T. Dauchy, Melissa A. Wren, Erin M. Dauchy, Steven M. Hill, Lin Yuan, Shulin Xiang, Yan Dong, Victoria P. Belancio, David M. Blask. Light exposure at night influences host/cancer circadian regulatory dynamics, Warburg effect, and human prostate cancer progression in nude rats. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 36.
Toward a New History of Women in the Modern Theatre – an Introduction

This volume rests upon two premises: (1) That collective creation is pivotal to the evolution of the modern theatre; and (2) That women have been central to the emergence and development of collective creation.
Early infliximab antibody testing does not prevent infusion reactions when reinitiating infliximab

Infliximab drug level checking has started to revolutionize the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, allowing for more accurate dosing. Recently, Brandse and colleagues and Gagniere and colleagues both noted the potential benefit of a re-introduction of infliximab after prior failure in patients with Crohn’s disease. Unfortunately though, approximately 1/3 of patients stopped the drug due to side effects of the attempted retreatment from infusion reactions. In their study, they also noted that concomitant usage of a thiopurine did not provide any additional benefit. Presumably, majority of these reactions are secondary to antibody formation to infliximab. In order to reduce the risk of infusion reactions, we present a case of a patient with Crohn’s disease who was retried on infliximab and had antibody testing after the first dose to assess if it would be safe to continue the drug, as most infusion reactions occur at the second dose.
Learning and working with the pros: Student perspectives on an embedded experiential learning project

Abstract A majority of sport management programs require a component of experiential learning whether it includes internships, practica, and/or embedded experiential learning components into their curricula. This paper examines the role of experiential learning in sport management education from the student perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain student's perspectives on the educational value and structure of a course embedded ticket sales training program that was hosted by a professional sports franchise. The research seeks to identify the components of the embedded experiential learning process while providing a new conceptual framework for course-embedded experiential projects in the sport management course setting.
Advancing the Line: Increasing Empirical Literature on Justice-Involved Veterans:

American veterans have long struggled with the aftereffects of combat exposure, repeated deployments to hostile countries, and extended time spent away from their families and loved ones. Historica...
Influence of discrete ring stiffeners and prebuckling deformations on the buckling of eccentrically stiffened orthotropic cylinders

Prebuckling deformations, and ring stiffener effects on buckling load of eccentrically stiffened orthotropic cylinders
Sensitizing exposure to amphetamine increases AMPA receptor phosphorylation without increasing cell surface expression in the rat nucleus accumbens

Exposure to psychostimulants like cocaine or amphetamine leads to long-lasting sensitization of their behavioral and neurochemical effects. Here we characterized changes in AMPA receptor distribution and phosphorylation state in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc) weeks after amphetamine exposure to assess their potential contribution to sensitization by this drug. Using protein cross-linking, biochemical, subcellular fractionation, and slice electrophysiological approaches in the NAcc, we found that, unlike cocaine, previous exposure to amphetamine did not increase cell surface levels of either GluA1 or GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits, redistribution of these subunits to the synaptic or perisynaptic cellular membrane domains, protein-protein associations required to support the accumulation and retention of AMPA receptors in the PSD, or the peak amplitude of AMPA receptor mediated mEPSCs recorded in NAcc slices. On the other hand, exposure to amphetamine significantly slowed mEPSC decay times and increased levels in the PSD of PKA and CaMKII as well as phosphorylation by these kinases of the GluA1 S845 and S831 residues selectively in this cellular compartment. As the latter effects are known to respectively regulate channel open probability and duration as well as conductance, they provide a novel mechanism that could contribute to the long-lasting AMPA receptor dependent expression of sensitization by amphetamine. Rather than increase the number of surface and synaptic AMPA receptors as with cocaine, this mechanism could increase NAcc medium spiny neuron reactivity to glutamate afferents by increasing the phosphorylation state of critical regulatory sites in the AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit in the PSD.
Diversification of Root Hair Development Genes in Vascular Plants

The molecular genetic program for root hair development has been studied intensively in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To understand the extent to which this program might operate in other plants, we conducted a large-scale comparative analysis of root hair development genes from diverse vascular plants, including eudicots, monocots, and a lycophyte. Combining phylogenetics and transcriptomics, we discovered conservation of a core set of root hair genes across all vascular plants, which may derive from an ancient program for unidirectional cell growth coopted for root hair development during vascular plant evolution. Interestingly, we also discovered preferential diversification in the structure and expression of root hair development genes, relative to other root hair- and root-expressed genes, among these species. These differences enabled the definition of sets of genes and gene functions that were acquired or lost in specific lineages during vascular plant evolution. In particular, we found substantial divergence in the structure and expression of genes used for root hair patterning, suggesting that the Arabidopsis transcriptional regulatory mechanism is not shared by other species. To our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive view of gene expression in a single plant cell type across multiple species.
Understanding audio communication delay in distributed team interaction: Impact on trust, shared understanding, and workload

Distributed teams are geographically separated and may need to rely on networked communication technologies (e.g., audio or video conference, email) to mediate their interaction. A limitation of these networked communication technologies is that they generate transmission delays that result from network congestion or routing issues. For the purposes of this research we focus on verbal communication over audio and video technologies and define communication delay as the time interval between a team member speaking a message (sender) and when it is rendered on the other side (receiver). Communication delay in distributed settings is an important and challenging problem, particularly in air traffic control, and space and military operations, where communication and information sharing are paramount to team success. The goal of this research is to better understand the effect of communication delays on team collaboration and team processes to maximize distributed team performance.
Cervical Spine Alignment in Helmeted Skiers and Snowboarders With Suspected Head and Neck Injuries: Comparison of Lateral C-spine Radiographs Before and After Helmet Removal and Implications for Ski Patrol Transport

Objective Current protocols for spine immobilization of the injured skier/snowboarder have not been scientifically validated. Observing changes in spine alignment during common rescue scenarios will help strengthen recommendations for rescue guidelines. Methods Twenty-eight healthy volunteers (18 men, 10 women) age 47±17 (range 20–73) (mean ±SD with range) underwent a mock rescue in which candidate patrollers completing an Outdoor Emergency Care course performed spine immobilization and back boarding in 3 scenarios: 1) Ski helmet on, no c-collar; 2) helmet on, with c-collar; and 3) helmet removed, with c-collar. After each scenario, a lateral radiograph was taken of the cervical spine to observe for changes in alignment. Results Compared with the control group (helmet on, no collar), we observed 9 degrees of increased overall (occiput–C7) cervical extension in the helmet on, with collar group ( P P P P P Conclusion Ski helmet removal and c-collar application each leads to increased extension of the cervical spine. In the absence of other clinical factors, our recommendation is that helmets should be left in place and c-collars not routinely applied during ski patrol rescue.
US financial market forecasting using data classification with features from global markets

Forecasting the daily direction of the stock market has long been a fascinating problem. Many methods with different features have been proposed with varying degrees of accuracy. We apply support vector machines (SVM) and gradient boosting (GB) to this problem, focusing on the NASDAQ index. Some special features are used, including features extracted from the global markets. We compare the performance with a buy and hold (BH) strategy. Our buying method is implemented at market open, buying and selling partial shares over three years in the QQQ, TQQQ, and SQQQ. Results indicate that, during an up market, out of the three algorithms tested, the SVM model is the superior predictor; the SVM model's return on investment (ROI) is 206.12% in contrast to an ROI of 173.53% for GB and 101.22% for BH. However, GB is the safest algorithm as with an ROI of 98.05% during a down market as opposed to ROIs of −79.13% and − 75.54% for the SVM and BH models, respectively.
Carcinoma In Situ Involving Sclerosing Adenosis: Seeking the Salient Histological Characteristics to Prevent Overdiagnosis.

Ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ (DCIS/LCIS) can rarely arise from sclerosing adenosis (SA). The combination of cytologically malignant cells and the infiltrative growth pattern may make it challenging to distinguish it from an invasive carcinoma. The authors reviewed 50 consecutive cases of CIS involving SA to seek the salient histologic characteristics in order to prevent overdiagnosis. The features commonly seen with CIS were the lobular configuration at low magnification (94%), uninvolved SA in neighboring tissue (84%), at least focally identifiable myoepithelial cells on HE this should thus strongly prompt the pathologist to search for other evidence of invasion. Awareness of these features is an additional, useful tool for reaching a proper diagnosis.
Contextual interference during adaptation to asymmetric split-belt treadmill walking results in transfer of unique gait mechanics

When humans make errors in stepping during walking due to a perturbation, they may adapt their gait as a way to correct for discrepancies between predicted and actual sensory feedback. This study sought to determine if increased contextual interference during acquisition of a novel asymmetric gait pattern would change lower-limb mechanical strategies generalized to different walking contexts. Such knowledge could help to clarify the role of contextual interference in locomotor adaptation, and demonstrate potential use in future gait rehabilitation paradigms. One belt on a split-belt treadmill was driven at a constant velocity while the other was driven at changing velocities according to one of three practice paradigms: serial, random blocked, or random training. Subjects returned to complete one of two different transfer tests. Results indicate that during acquisition, random practice requires unique gait mechanics to adapt to a challenging walking environment. Also, results from one transfer test close to that of the acquisition experience did not seem to demonstrate any contextual interference effect. Finally, random blocked practice resulted in highly unique changes in step length symmetry on a second, more challenging, transfer test. This perhaps indicates that a moderate level of contextual interference causes unique locomotor generalization strategies.
A Quorum Sensing-Regulated Protein Binds Cell Wall Components and Enhances Lysozyme Resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes

The Rgg2/3 quorum sensing (QS) system is conserved among all sequenced isolates of group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes). The molecular architecture of the system consists of a transcriptional activator (Rgg2) and a transcriptional repressor (Rgg3) under the control of autoinducing peptide pheromones (SHP2 and SHP3). Activation of the Rgg2/3 pathway leads to increases in biofilm formation and resistance to the bactericidal effects of the host factor lysozyme. In this work, we show that deletion of a small gene, spy49_0414c, abolished both phenotypes in response to pheromone signaling. The gene encodes a small, positively charged, secreted protein, referred to as StcA. Analysis of recombinant StcA showed that it can directly interact with GAS cell wall preparations containing phosphodiester-linked carbohydrate polymers but not with preparations devoid of them. Immunofluorescence microscopy detected antibody against StcA bound to the surface of paraformaldehyde-fixed wild-type cells. Expression of StcA in bacterial culture induced a shift in the electrostatic potential of the bacterial cell surface, which became more positively charged. These results suggest that StcA promotes phenotypes by way of ionic interactions with the GAS cell wall, most likely with negatively charged cell wall-associated polysaccharides.IMPORTANCE This study focuses on a small protein, StcA, that is expressed and secreted under induction of Rgg2/3 QS, ionically associating with negatively charged domains on the cell surface. These data present a novel mechanism of resistance to the host factor lysozyme by GAS and have implications in the relevance of this circuit in the interaction between the bacterium and the human host that is mediated by the bacterial cell surface.
Bandgap profiling in CIGS solar cells via valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy

A robust, reproducible method for the extraction of relative bandgap trends from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is described. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by profiling the bandgap through a CuIn1-xGaxSe2 solar cell that possesses intentional Ga/(In + Ga) composition variation. The EELS-determined bandgap profile is compared to the nominal profile calculated from compositional data collected via STEM-based energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The EELS based profile is found to closely track the calculated bandgap trends, with only a small, fixed offset difference. This method, which is particularly advantageous for relatively narrow bandgap materials and/or STEM systems with modest resolution capabilities (i.e., >100 meV), compromises absolute accuracy to provide a straightforward route for the correlation of local electronic structure trends with nanoscale chemical and physical structure/microstructure within semiconductor materials and devices.A robust, reproducible method for the extraction of relative bandgap trends from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is described. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by profiling the bandgap through a CuIn1-xGaxSe2 solar cell that possesses intentional Ga/(In + Ga) composition variation. The EELS-determined bandgap profile is compared to the nominal profile calculated from compositional data collected via STEM-based energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The EELS based profile is found to closely track the calculated bandgap trends, with only a small, fixed offset difference. This method, which is particularly advantageous for relatively narrow bandgap materials and/or STEM systems with modest resolution capabilities (i.e., >100 meV), compromises absolute accuracy to provide a straightforward route for the correlation of local electronic structure trends with nanoscale chemical and physical structure/microstructure within semiconduc...
Using marginal emission factors to improve estimates of emission benefits from appliance efficiency upgrades

This work uses marginal emission factors to analyze avoided emissions from household energy efficiency improvements in air conditioning and lighting. This approach considers CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions avoided from the marginal power plant that would have been dispatched to meet demand, and compares the results to the more commonly used average emission factor approach as well as time-averaged marginal emission factors. Results from the lighting analysis indicate that, depending on location, a household can save $50–$430/year on electricity bills and avoid between 600 and 1300 kg of CO2/year by switching from a mix of compact fluorescent and incandescent to LED bulbs. For air conditioning, efficiency upgrades save between zero and $600/year in electricity cost and avoid zero to 300 kg of CO2/year. When comparing the marginal approach to the traditional average emission method, the average approach can underestimate CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions by 50% or overestimate by 100%, illustrating the relevance of the marginal emission approach to the study of efficiency-induced emission reductions.
Psychiatric Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition

Older adults present with a complex array of medical disorders that present with or worsen comorbid psychiatric disorders. Additionally the treatment of these disorders can result in or worsen the comorbid psychiatric disorders. Poor clinical awareness, lack of assessment tools specifically designed for use among older adults, and the confusion in presentation of these medical disorders can result in under- or misdiagnosis of these conditions. Early diagnosis and prompt interventions can minimize the adverse outcomes from these medical disorders and improve the quality of life of older adults.
Immunology of Oncornaviruses

This chapter on oncornaviruses is included in a book on the immunology of human infections because of the considerable potential role that oncornaviruses have in human diseases. However, as yet, no human disease has been proven to be caused by an oncornavirus or even to be intimately associated with these viruses. An additional point to emphasize is that only some aspects of the oncornaviruses and of host resistance to them are related to immunological factors. There are many genetic and other nonimmunological factors involved in both the expression and/or infectivity of these viruses, and in the resistance against the tumors and other diseases associated with these viruses. However, in order to understand the role and limitations of the immune response to oncornaviruses, one needs to consider some of the other major factors related to these agents. In this chapter, we will briefly review the vast body of information which has accumulated regarding the oncornaviruses and will try to emphasize some general principles and approaches which might help to evaluate the possible role of oncornaviruses in human disease. The majority of information concerning these agents has been obtained in mice and rats, and the immunological factors related to oncornaviruses in these species will be emphasized. However, oncornaviruses have been identified in a wide range of mammalian and nonmammalian species, and many of the characteristics of the virion- and virus-associated antigens, and the immune responses to them, are remarkably similar to those of rodents. Because of this, it seems particularly likely that much of the information available may be quite pertinent to putative human oncornaviruses. In Section 7, we will review the information that has already been obtained about possible oncornavirus antigens in human tissues and the immune responses to such antigens.
Cellular Changes that Promote Tannin Formation in Slash Pine

Tannin accumulation was observed by light microscopy in slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) tissue cultures and seedlings. Specimens were fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, and stained according to a variety of published procedures. Examination of these specimens indicates that rapid cell division, hypertrophy of cells, or altered arrangements of cells during growth accompany tannin formation. In tissue cultures, tannin synthesis was increased by varying concentrations and sources of nutrients. Tannin was abundant in cultured cells with large amounts of starch grains and prominent nuclei. In seedlings, tannin deposition was not restricted to a specific tissue. When tannin accumulated in parenchyma cells, it did not appear to affect adjacent cells. This was true even for outer cortical cells, which accumulated tannin prior to forming bark by combining with sclereid cells. In wounds that had massive cellular disorganization, cells with tannins occurred in discrete units.
Efficient Storage of Large Volume Spatial and Temporal Point-Data in an Object-Oriented Database

Data mining applications must deal with large volumes of data. In particular, Spatio-Temporal Information Systems must efficiently store and access potentially very large quantities of spatial and temporal data. Therefore, storing the data in an efficient and useful way is of great importance. Binary Large Objects (BLOBs) are found in many database systems and have been extensively used in typical database applications for the storage of large volume data. In this chapter, we describe the extension of basic BLOBs for specialized use with spatial and temporal data. These new repositories, Spatial BLOBs and Temporal BLOBs, add additional functionality for the query and retrieval of the repository’s contents in a semantically meaningful, object-oriented form. The repositories are designed as flexible frameworks, decoupled from the particular binary format of their internal contents. Custom plug-ins allow the frameworks to be extended to use a particular binary format that is most appropriate for a given data type.
Effect of tolbutamide (orinase) on plasma non-esterified fatty acids.

SummaryTolbutamide (Orinase), given intravenously to normal and diabetic patients caused a reduction of non-esterified fatty acid concentration only in those subjects who responded with hypoglycemia. Diabetics responding to tolbutamide with a prolonged depression of blood sugar showed a comparably sustained reduction of the fatty acid fraction.
Abstract LB-248: Chemically distinct class I HDAC inhibitors synergize to inhibit global lipid metabolism in cancer

An increased rate of lipid production is a hallmark metabolic feature in cancer cells, which provides energy supplies, building blocks for membrane biogenesis, and signaling molecules for increased cancer cell proliferation. Current chemotherapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism have shown significant limitations, and as such, there is great interest in discovering novel therapies that effectively inhibit lipid production in cancer cells. Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs 1-3) are a key component of the epigenetic machinery regulating gene expression, and behave as oncogenes in several cancer types, spurring the development of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) as novel anticancer drugs. Interestingly, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to decrease lipid production in different cells by modulating key genes in cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and efflux. However, effects of HDACi in lipid biosynthesis of cancer remains poorly studied. We have discovered a novel class of HDACi with a previously undescribed benzoylhydrazide scaffold. These new inhibitors are highly selective and potent to the class I HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3). Using global lipidomics approach by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), we found that a novel optimized analog, SR-4370, exhibits potent inhibition of lipid production in cells of diverse cancer types. Strikingly, SR-4370 in combination with entinostat, a benzamide analog of class I HDAC inhibitor currently in multiple clinical trials for treating breast cancer and other types of solid tumors, exhibits synergistic effects on inhibition of lipid production in cancer cells. We will present lipidomic profiling data from cells and xenograft tumors after treatment with SR-4370/entinostat, and discuss mechanisms of action for these distinct HDACi in inhibiting lipid production. In summary, our findings provide a rationale for inhibiting lipogenesis using isoform-selective HDACi in cancer therapy. Citation Format: Iqbal Mahmud, Timothy J. Garrett, Ryan Stowe, William R. Roush, Daiqing Liao. Chemically distinct class I HDAC inhibitors synergize to inhibit global lipid metabolism in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-248.
Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change by Improving Agriculture in India

Between 1800 and 2050, the population of India would increase from 255 million to 1.71 billion, by a factor of 7, with a strong environmental impact. Rapid urbanization and its encroachment on agricultural land is a consequence of increase in population. Between 1950 and 2025, the population (106) would increase from 1.4 to 28.6 (20.4 times) of New Delhi, 4.5 to 20.1 (4.5 times) of Kolkata, 2.9 to 25.8 (8.9 times) of Mumbai, 0.6 to 6.6 (11.0 times) of Pune, 1.1 to 8.9 (8.1 times) of Hyderabad, 0.7 to 9.5 (13.6 times) of Bengaluru, and 1.5 to 9.6 (6.4 times) of Chennai. The city of Mumbai generates 11 thousand Mg of waste per day or 4 million Mg per year, which if recycled effectively, can improve urban and peri-urban agriculture. It takes about 40,000 ha of land to provide accommodation and infrastructure to 1 million people. An annual increase of 11.5 million people in India encroaches upon 0.5 million hectare (Mha) of agricultural land. Thus, there is a strong need to protect prime agricultural land against other uses. By 2025, India will have 7 cities of >10 million people, and a city of 10 million consumes 6000 Mg of food per day. Thus, nutrients brought into the city must be returned to the land by recycling waste as compost and for producing energy. Climate change, with increase in frequency of extreme events, is exacerbating vulnerability of agricultural soils to degradation processes. Land area (Mha) in India already affected by degradation includes 93.7 by water erosion, 9.5 by wind erosion, 14.3 by waterlogging, 5.9 by salinity/alkalinity, 16.0 by soil acidity and 7.4 by complex problems. In addition to the impacts of changing and uncertain climate, soil degradation is exacerbated by burning of crop residues, use of cow dung for household cooking rather than as manure, uncontrolled grazing, unbalanced use of fertilizers, and other extractive farming practices. The drought-flood syndrome, caused by water misuse and mismanagement, adversely affects agronomic productivity and wellbeing of millions of people despite the fact that India receives 4000 km3 of annual precipitation.
Towards first person gamer modeling and the problem with game classification in user studies

Understanding gaming expertise is important in user studies. We present a study comprised of 60 participants playing a First Person Shooter Game (Counter-Strike: Global Offensive). This study provides results related to a keyboard model used to determine an objective measurement of gamers' skill. We also show that there is no correlation between frequency questionnaires and user skill.