cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent Doppler flow predicts lack of response to multiple courses of indomethacin in premature infants with recurrent patent ductus arteriosus.

Objective. Although indomethacin produces ductus arteriosus constriction in extremely premature newborns, a recurrent symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) frequently develops after the initial course of indomethacin. Currently, there is little information available to determine the effectiveness of a second course of indomethacin in producing permanent ductus closure. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of permanent ductus closure after a second course of indomethacin for a recurrent, symptomatic PDA and to identify the factors associated with permanent ductus closure. Methods. We identified 32 infants (<28 weeks' gestational age) 1) whose ductus was considered to be clinically closed after an initial course of indomethacin and 2) who subsequently developed a symptomatic PDA and received a second course of indomethacin. Clinical variables were evaluated for their association with failure of the second course (defined as surgical ligation after the second course for recurrence of a hemodynamically significant PDA). Data were analyzed by X 2 analysis, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Results. After the second course of indomethacin, 56% (18 of 32) of the infants had persistent or recurrent PDA-related symptoms that were considered to be hemodynamically significant. The only significant predictor of failure of the second indomethacin course was the demonstration (by Doppler echocardiogram) of persistent ductus flow within 24 hours of completing the initial indomethacin course. All of the 9 newborns with persistent Doppler ductus flow after the initial indomethacin course failed the second course of indomethacin. In contrast, only 39% (9 of 23) of newborns with absent Doppler flow after the initial indomethacin course failed the second course of indomethacin. Conclusions. Newborns who are <28 weeks' gestational age and develop a recurrent, symptomatic PDA after completion of an initial indomethacin course rarely respond to multiple courses of indomethacin if there was persistent Doppler evidence of ductus flow after completion of the initial course. Additional indomethacin treatment is unlikely to produce permanent ductus closure.
Differential role of the vagus in diurnal gene expression rhythms in the small intestine

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the function of vagal innervation in maintaining diurnal rhythmicity in the expression of intestinal absorptive genes. Rats underwent truncal vagotomy and were maintained for 7 days on nighttime scheduled feeding (12-h light/12-h dark cycle). Vagotomized rats (V; n = 9) were pair-fed with sham-operated controls (S; n = 4). Unoperated normal rats (N; n = 6) were also included as controls. Half the rats were killed 3 h after lights on (ZT3; Zeitgeber Time, with lights-on considered ZT0) and the other half at ZT9, the time interval over which we have previously shown that sucrase and sugar transporter expression exhibits a significant anticipatory increase. RNA and protein extracted from mucosa of proximal jejunums were subjected to Northern and Western blot analyses to assess the increase in gene expression. Sham operation did not alter the normal diurnal rhythmicity of intestinal gene expression. Control rats (S plus N) exhibited the expected increase in RNA levels at ZT9 versus ZT3 for SGLT1 (4.5-fold), GLUT2 (5.3-fold), GLUT5 (4.1-fold), and sucrase (2.9-fold; P > 0.001 in all cases). In contrast, the induction in V rats was markedly blunted for GLUT2 (1.3-fold) and sucrase (1.5-fold) but not for SGLT1 (5.0-fold) or GLUT5 (4.2-fold). The mRNA levels for GLUT2 and sucrase at ZT9 were significantly lower in V rats versus controls (P
The Aharonov–Bohm effect for a knotted magnetic solenoid

We show that the linking of a semiclassical path of a charged particle with a knotted magnetic solenoid results in the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The phase shift in the wave function is proportional to the flux intersecting a certain connected and orientable surface bounded by the knot (a Seifert surface of the knot).
Molecular Biology of Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines

Based on recent bench and clinical research, the treatment of lung cancer has been refined, with treatments allocated according to histology and specific molecular features. For example, targeting mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been particularly successful as a treatment modality, demonstrating response rates in selected patients with adenocarcinoma tumors harboring EGFR mutations that are significantly higher than those for conventional chemotherapy. However, the development of new targeted therapies is, in part, highly dependent on an improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of tumor initiation and progression, knowledge of the role of molecular aberrations in disease progression, and the development of highly reproducible platforms for high-throughput biomarker discovery and testing. In this article, we review clinically relevant research directed toward understanding the biology of lung cancer. The clinical purposes of this research are (1) to identify susceptibility variants and field molecular alterations that will promote the early detection of tumors and (2) to identify tumor molecular alterations that serve as therapeutic targets, prognostic biomarkers, or predictors of tumor response. We focus on research developments in the understanding of lung cancer somatic DNA mutations, chromosomal aberrations, epigenetics, and the tumor microenvironment, and how they can advance diagnostics and therapeutics.
Hydrodynamic analysis of a Banbury mixer-2-D-flow simulations for the entire mixing chamber

Banbury mixers are widely used in polymer processing. The mechanics of flow in the chamber of an internal mixer are complex and difficult to analyze due to the complicated geometry and the highly transient character of the flow. For this work, a fluid dynamics analysis package—FIDAP, using the finite element method, was implemented to simulate the flow patterns for a Banbury B mixer. A 2-D flow analysis was carried out for the whole mixing chamber with two counter-rotating rotors. A power-law model fluid was used to characterize the rheological behavior of the mixture. 18 different geometries were selected to represent the relative position of the two rotors during their revolution. Streamlines and pressure contours were plotted for each geometry. Transient pressure profiles at fixed locations in the chamber wall were compared with experimental data. The comparison shows good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental observations.
On the patterns of wing cracks along an outcrop scale flaw: A numerical modeling approach using complementarity

[1] The 2D Displacement Discontinuity Method (DDM) is combined with a complementarity algorithm to model the quasi-static formation and patterns of wing cracks that emanate from regions of stress concentration along a sliding frictional flaw in an otherwise homogeneous and isotropic elastic material. Because stress states and geometry change with sliding on the flaw and wing crack propagation, one cannot specify the boundary conditions a priori. Under these circumstances complementarity is superior to other well-known contact algorithms. We focus on meter scale phenomena where mineralogical heterogeneity (common to centimeter-scale laboratory samples) and 3D geometry (common to kilometer-scale crustal structures) reasonably can be ignored. Analytical solutions to the elastic boundary value problem of the closed sliding flaw include those that assume no friction, uniform friction, and a cohesive end zone (CEZ), and those that assume infinitesimal or straight wing cracks. Here we generalize the problem to consider linearly varying friction in the CEZ and curved wing cracks, and we allow the sliding flaw to open when mechanical interaction with the wing crack dictates that it should. Trace lengths of 135 strike-slip faults in sandstone are linearly related to wing crack lengths ranging from 0.16 to 72 m and correspond to a range of remote principal stress ratios: 0.06 < σ 2 /σ 1 ≤ 0.2. Opening displacement profiles of wing cracks from the numerical model can be significantly different from analytical solutions. These solutions may produce significant errors in stable crack length for curved propagation paths. The smeared out stress concentration in the CEZ and the heterogeneity in strength of rock suggest that multiple wing cracks may form in one slip event. The mechanical interactions of these cracks leads to kink angles that increase with distance from the flaw tip, a relationship commonly observed in nature.
Timolol in Childhood Glaucoma

In determining the role of timolol in the treatment of childhood glaucoma, the difficulties of conducting investigational studies in children and the possible delayed appearance of longterm side effects are real concerns. However, an equally important consideration is the fact that young children may face a lifetime of blindness from uncontrolled glaucoma. Timolol is not always successful in lowering intraocular pressure on a longterm basis in severe glaucoma, but it often does help in managing extremely difficult cases. In some respects, the results of using timolol in children are consistent with those achieved with severe adult glaucoma. Although experience with children under one year of age is still extremely limited, theoretical considerations would suggest that children might be particularly vulnerable to the known systemic side effects following local absorption, as well as to longterm side effects that are yet unknown.
Effects of experimental anemia on blood ion and acid-base status of turtles during submergence in aerated water at 3 °C

The importance of blood hemoglobin to aquatic oxygen uptake by turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) submerged in aerated water at 3 degrees C was tested by comparing the responses of anemic turtles (hematocrit approximately 6%) to turtles with normal hematocrits (hematocrit approximately 33%). All turtles were submerged for 42 days and blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 21, 32 and 42 days. Blood was analyzed for pH, PCO(2), PO(2), hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and plasma was analyzed for concentrations of lactate, glucose, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Plasma [HCO(3)(-)] was calculated. [Hb] correlated closely with hematocrit levels. [Lactate] reached higher final values in anemic turtles (34.5+/-5.3 mmol l(-1)) than in normal turtles (14.5+/-4.6 mmol l(-1)) indicating a greater reliance of the anemic animals on anaerobic metabolism. Both groups compensated for acidosis by reduced PCO(2) and anemic turtles also had increased [Ca(2+)] and [Mg(2+)]. Blood pH fell significantly in the anemic turtles but not in the controls. Although the data indicate that the anemic turtles relied more on anaerobic metabolism than the controls, the effect was much less than expected on the basis of the reduced blood O(2) carrying capacity. Possible compensatory mechanisms utilized by the anemic turtles to minimize anaerobic metabolism are discussed.
The flash melting of chondrules: an experimental investigation into the melting history and physical nature of chondrule precursors

Abstract Constraints placed on chondrule formation have largely been generated from experiments which use a long duration, below liquidus isothermal melting (minutes to hours) rather than a short duration, above liquidus flash melting event (seconds to minutes). In this paper we examine how a short duration, superliquidus heat pulse can produce chondrule textures. By incompletely melting material with a type of flash melting we show that the maximum temperature limit of chondrule formation was approximately 2100°C, almost 400°C higher than previously constrained. Previous experiments also have not studied the effect of variations in precursor grain size on the formation of chondrule textures. For this reason we simultaneously investigate the effect of variations in the grain size of a starting composition on the formation of chondrule textures. We show how MgO-rich (Type IA) chondrules and other fine-grained chondrules could only have been formed from the incomplete melting of a rather uniformly grain sized precursor of less than 63μm. Because fine-grained, MgO-rich chondrules have the some of the highest chondrule liquidus temperatures, we proposed that these types of textures define a minimum melting temperature for chondrule formation.
A functional analysis of reinforcement within a social system

This study attempted to investigate the interdependent response contingencies in a teacher classroom group. Reinforcements were given to elementary shool children contingent upon the behavior of their teachers. Although the teachers were not directly reinforced, their behavior was modified so that they smiled more and interacted in a more positive manner with their students.
Activation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor by Adenosine Antagonists in Brain Cell Membranes of Newborn Piglets

Activation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor by Adenosine Antagonists in Brain Cell Membranes of Newborn Piglets
Understanding the Educational Aspirations of African American Adolescents: Child, Family, and Community Factors

The current study examined the association between multiple systems of influence (adolescent, family, and community) and the educational aspirations of African American adolescents. Guided by ecological and integrative models of child development, in the current study the authors examined the association between the educational aspirations of 130 socioeconomically and educationally disadvantaged urban African American adolescents (mean age = 16.76 years) and factors within the adolescent (attitudes toward education and school self-esteem), family (perceived parental/guardian educational involvement and educational expectations), and community (number of community resources present and the average utilization of community resources). A hierarchical multiple regression indicated that both the adolescent and the family systems were related significantly to educational aspirations and explained a significant proportion of the variance. A test for moderation by gender indicated that African American males’ ave...
Photothermal infrared spectroscopy: applications to medicine

Abstract The nondestructive depth profiling capability of photoacoustic spectroscopy is being exploited in the characterization of the infrared spectra of tissue biopsy samples. In this paper, the versatility of the technique is demonstrated. Brain tissues are depth profiled to establish the extent of the effects of solvent delipidation on the samples. The same technique can be applied to calcified tissues, bone, and teeth. As an example, a human tooth is depth profiled using photoacoustic spectroscopy. The mid-infrared depth profile of the tooth provides information on the integrity of the enamel and general health of the outer portions of the tooth.
Superpolylinkers in Cloning and Expression Vectors

Versatile DNA polylinkers of more than 300 bp were constructed. They contain the recognition sequences of all restriction enzymes--whether known or still to be discovered--that recognize palindromic hexamers. In addition to these 64 uninterrupted hexameric recognition sites, a number of sites containing interrupted palindromes and nonpalindromic sequences and two recognition sequences with 8 bp are present. Polylinkers (in several variants) were inserted into frequently utilized Escherichia coli cloning vectors such as pBluescript (yielding pSLJ10, pSL250, pSL260, pSL270, and pSL300), pUC18/pUC19 (yielding pSL180 and pSL190, respectively), or pUC118/pUC119 (yielding pSL1180 and pSL1190, respectively). A subtle color discrimination between presence and absence of insert in pSL300 (mid-blue to light-blue or white) was seen in a number of test ligations. The mid-blue color that is generated by pSL300 is presumably due to translational restarts. A different intergenic region for translational restarts was used in plasmids pSL251, pSL261, pSL271, and pSL301. The polylinker was also inserted into expression vector pUC120, yielding pSE1200, and into expression vector pKK233-2, yielding pSE220 and a shortened version thereof, pSE280. Finally, the polylinker was inserted into pTrc99A, resulting in pSE380, which carries a lac repressor gene. This expands the use of the expression system beyond lacIq strains to other bacterial hosts. These versatile vectors have broad applications in genetic engineering.
Gender Differences in Rat Erythrocyte and Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Composition: Role of Ovarian Hormones and Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Composition

The two-fold higher prevalence rate of major depression in females may involve vulnerability to omega-3 fatty acid deficiency secondary to a dysregulation in ovarian hormones. However, the role of ovarian hormones in the regulation of brain omega-3 fatty acid composition has not been directly evaluated. Here we determined erythrocyte and regional brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) composition in intact male and female rats, and in chronically ovariectomized (OVX) rats with or without cyclic estradiol treatment (2 microg/4d). All groups were maintained on diets with or without the DHA precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3). We report that both male (-21%) and OVX (-19%) rats on ALA+ diet exhibited significantly lower erythrocyte DHA composition relative to female controls. Females on ALA+ diet exhibited lower DHA composition in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) relative males (-5%). OVX rats on ALA+ diet exhibited significantly lower DHA composition in the hippocampus (-6%), but not in the PFC, hypothalamus, or midbrain. Lower erythrocyte and hippocampus DHA composition in OVX rats was not prevented by estrogen replacement. All groups maintained on ALA- diet exhibited significantly lower erythrocyte and regional brain DHA composition relative to groups on ALA+ diet, and these reductions were greater in males but not in OVX rats. These preclinical data corroborate clinical evidence for gender differences in peripheral DHA composition (female>male), demonstrate gender differences in PFC DHA composition (male>female), and support a link between ovarian hormones and erythrocyte and region-specific brain DHA composition.
Guillain-Barré syndrome leading to a conversion reaction in a teenage girl. Case report.

Conversion disorder can sometimes simulate Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). This often involves the mimicry of organic symptoms similar to those experienced by a relative or acquaintance. The patient with the conversion unconsciously adopts these symptoms to convert their psychologic stress to a physical phenomenon. This case is of 15-yr-old girl who had a documented case of GBS and who subsequently had recurrent episodes of a conversion disorder that simulated her original GBS presentation. The methods for diagnostically separating recurrent GBS from conversion reaction are noted.
Mouse (Mus musculus) stocks derived from tropical islands: new models for genetic analysis of life-history traits

Founder effects, together with access to unoccupied ecological niches, may allow rodent populations on isolated islands to evolve constellations of life-history traits that distinguish them from their mainland relatives, for example in body size, litter size, and longevity. In particular, low intrinsic mortality risks on islands with reduced predator numbers and not subject to harsh winter climates may in principle support the development of stocks with extended longevity. Conversely, the conditions under which laboratory rodents are typically bred are thought to select for genotypes that produce large, rapidly maturing races with high early reproductive rates but diminished longevity. To test these ideas, and to generate new mouse stocks suitable for genetic and molecular analysis of the processes that time life-history events, we have developed specific pathogen-free stocks from mice trapped from three distinct populations: the U.S. mainland (Idaho) and the tropical Pacific islands Majuro and Pohnpei. Mice from all three locations were found to be shorter and lighter, to have smaller litters, and to have higher faecal corticosterone levels than mice of a genetically heterogeneous stock derived from four common laboratory inbred strains. Among the wild-derived stocks, mice from Pohnpei and Majuro were significantly lighter and shorter than Idaho-derived animals, even in populations kept from birth under identical housing conditions. Litter size and reproductive success rates did not differ significantly among the three wild-derived stocks. Although further work will be needed to see if, as predicted, the wild-derived stocks differ from one another and from laboratory mice in longevity, these stocks provide useful tools for genetic dissection of factors that regulate body size and reproductive success.
Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Administration to Reduce Blood Transfusions in Anemic Pediatric Intensive Care Patients

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions anemic pediatric intensive care unit patients receive could be reduced by the prophylactic administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous rHuEPO 300 units/kg/day or placebo. Both groups received elemental iron 6 mg/kg/day. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients, ages 1 month to 13 years, were enrolled. Baseline hematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte count, and erythropoietin concentration were similar between the two groups. Three patients randomized to rHuEPO received 1 RBC transfusion each, and 4 patients randomized to placebo received 9 transfusions total (P = .68). The end-of-study Hct was not significantly different between the rHuEPO and placebo groups, 30.3 ± 3.6 and 26.8 ± 4.8, respectively (P = .06). Additionally, neither the % Hct change (baseline to final), nor the % reticulocyte change (baseline to final), was statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSION In this small group of anemic pediatric intensive care unit patients, prophylactic rHuEPO administration did not reduce the number of patients who received RBC transfusions. Furthermore, it did not significantly increase Hct or reticulocyte count when compared to placebo.
Detection of trace hydrocarbons in flames using direct sampling mass spectrometry coupled with multilinear regression analysis.

A technique for the determination of species’ concentrations from the molecular growth regions of flames is presented. Samples are obtained by microprobe extraction from a nitrogen-diluted, methane/air, nonpremixed laminar flame supported on a coannular burner. Quantification of measurements is accomplished by doping the flame’s fuel flow with argon at a level to match that in the laboratory’s air. A library of 70 eV fragmentation patterns for several flame species is used in conjunction with a simplex algorithm to analyze mass spectra obtained at each flame location. Each fragmentation pattern is normalized for its integrated intensity and its ionization cross-section relative to argon. This technique provided sub-part-per-million sensitivity of a large range of major and minor carbon-containing species ranging in size from C2 to C12 hydrocarbons. This flame can be acoustically forced to oscillate at a frequency emulating natural flame flickering behavior. Time-resolved measurements are obtained using a ...
Identification of polyps in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy videos using Log Gabor filters

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is a very useful technology that enables gastroenterologists to examine the human digestive tract and more particularly, the small bowel, searching for various abnormalities like blood-based abnormalities, ulcers and polyps. Each WCE video consists of approximately 50,000 frames making its examination a very tedious task. In this paper a methodology is proposed for the automatic detection of polyps. It utilizes the very promising Log Gabor filters as a segmentation scheme, in conjunction with the powerful SUSAN edge detector. After segmentation process, geometric information of the resulted segments is extracted to identify polyp candidates. Furthermore, certain rules apply to limit the number of false positive detections. Illustrative and statistical results of the methodology are also given in this paper.
Flesh and the free market: (On taking Bourdieu to the options exchange)

On the options trading floor at the Pacific Exchange in San Francisco, traders spend their days “making markets” in option contracts, a mentally and bodily intense practice that requires the acquisition of a series of embodied knowledges specific to the occupation. In this article, I report on field research conducted at the exchange, during which I explored the cultural turn of practice theory to the body. Taking direction from Pierre Bourdieu’s changing descriptions of habitus, field, and practical action, I argue that the logic of trading does proceed to some extent beneath the level of reflexive application of the rules of the game; but my encounter with traders’ talk, their cultural production, and their gendered performance led my interpretation of this unconscious dimension beyond the limits of cognitivist metaphors for knowledgeable bodies toward an identificatory logic of practice. Whereas Bourdieu stopped short of taking practice theory all the way in to psychoanalysis, I found the imaginary order it brings into the picture decisive in shaping the experience of trading.
Dopaminergic agonists administered into the nucleus accumbens : Effects on extracellular glutamate and on locomotor activity

The hypothesis to be tested was that increased dopaminergic transmission induced by amphetamine in the nucleus accumbens results in increased glutamatergic neurotransmission in this brain area and that the increase in level of this neurotransmitter contributes to behavioral effects of psychostimulant drugs. Amphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the amount of extracellular glutamate in the accumbens, as measured by in vivo dialysis, and stimulated locomotor activity. Amphetamine (10 mM) infused into the accumbens by reverse dialysis through the probe produced a similar stimulation of locomotor activity as systemic amphetamine but a greater increase in extracellular glutamate levels. Both of these responses to amphetamine were attenuated by either the selective D1 antagonist SCH23390 or the selective D2 antagonist eticlopride. The combination of a D1 and D2 agonist, SKF38393 (20 mM) and quinpirole (50 mM), administered into the accumbens by reverse dialysis also increased extracellular glutamate and stimulated locomotor activity. Administration of a glutamate uptake inhibitor, threo-β-hydroxy-aspartate (50 mM), increased extracellular glutamate but did not stimulate locomotor activity. Systemic administration of caffeine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) increased locomotor activity but did not increase extracellular levels of glutamate. These data suggest that activation of dopaminergic receptors in the nucleus accumbens results in stimulation of locomotor activity and in activation of glutamatergic transmission in this brain region. However, an increase in glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens is neither sufficient nor necessary to produce a stimulation of locomotor activity.
Spatial Correlation Method and a Time-Varying Flexible Structure

A new "spatial correlation method" is employed to calculate the second-order statistics of the response of lifting rotor blades with negligible bending stiffness in forward flight to excitations which are random functions of both space and time. Results obtained herein together with the rigid flapping solution delimit the range of the mean square properties of flexible blade response. The level of computation involved in obtaining these results supports our theoretical estimate which shows that a numerical solution of the meansquare properties of complex random response processes by the spatial correlation method is several hundred folds more efficient than any other method available in the literature. Further improvements in the computational efficiency of the method, not noted previously, are shown to be possible for specific classes of problems.
Abstract Morphosyntax in Two- and Three-Year-Old Children: Evidence from Priming

Young English-speaking children often omit auxiliary verbs from their speech, producing utterances such as baby crying alongside the more adult-like baby is crying. Studies have found that children's proficiency with auxiliary BE is correlated with frequency statistics in the input, leading some researchers to argue that children's auxiliary knowledge is item-specific and slow to develop. In a priming experiment, we investigated whether 2- and 3-year-old children represent auxiliary is and are as part of an abstract syntactic frame. We tested whether children could be primed to increase their auxiliary production when the prime and target differed by subject, verb and auxiliary type (is or are). We found these patterns of priming, indicating children represent auxiliary BE as part of an abstract syntactic frame that minimally contains is and are, despite the frequency-based effects reported in the literature.
Vertical mixing and the effects of solar radiation on photosystem II electron transport by phytoplankton in the Ross Sea Polynya

Abstract Detailed studies were made in the springtime Ross Sea Polynya of the interaction between near-surface mixing processes, inferred from Thorpe scales and acoustic backscatter, and the quantum efficiency and rate of PSII electron transport of phytoplankton photosynthesis measured at fine depth and time scales by active fluorometry. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica . Surface conditions alternated between windy episodes producing Langmuir circulation (LC) or calm periods favoring internal waves, in both cases there was significant vertical transport of phytoplankton. During LC episodes, strong near-surface ( 40 μmol photons m −2 s −1 was generally lower compared to early morning profiles on the same day. In time-series deployments, intrinsic quantum efficiency ( F v ′ / F m ′ ) was relatively constant under calm conditions at 12 m, but highly variable at 6 m under LC conditions. Simultaneously measured time-series of acoustic backscatter and F v ′ / F m ′ during LC conditions were negatively correlated, i.e. high backscatter arising from the downward advection of surface originating microbubbles coincided with low intrinsic efficiency. Transport also occurred in connection with finer-scale features, possibly arising from breaking surface waves. These results show that LC in the Ross Sea Polynya, in combination with changes in quenching driven by near surface UVR and PAR exposure, reduce photosynthetic electron transport over much of the upper mixed layer. Further observations and modeling will be needed to establish the extent to which this decreases water column productivity.
Raman spectroscopy of glycerol/D2O solutions

Abstract Raman spectra of neat glycerol, neat D2O, and glycerol/D2O solutions with glycerol mole fractions (XG) of 0.00, 0.02, 0.12 and 0.32 and 1.00 are presented. Vibrational assignments are discussed for the bands observed in the 1000–1600 and 2000–3700 cm−1 spectral regions. Upon dilution of neat glycerol with D2O, glycerol hydrogen-bonds with D2O through its oxygen atoms as hydrogen-bond acceptors. With progressive glycerol dilution, D2O breaks the dimers and higher oligomers present in neat glycerol to form glycerol monomers. D2O molecules in the XG 0.02 solution are in an environment similar to that of neat D2O due to minimal perturbation of the D2O network. The absence of bands due to weakly hydrogen-bonded D2O in the XG 0.12 solution suggests that most D2O are more strongly hydrogen-bonded than in neat D2O as would occur in D2O clusters. D2O in XG 0.32 solutions are in a unique environment in that they lose their hydrogen-bonding network completely, mixing into the solution as monomers.
New vascular tissue rapidly replaces neural parenchyma and vessels destroyed by a contusion injury to the rat spinal cord.

Blood vessels identified by laminin staining were studied in uninjured spinal cord and at 2, 4, 7, and 14 days following a moderate contusion (weight drop) injury. At 2 days after injury most blood vessels had been destroyed in the lesion epicenter; neurons and astrocytes were also absent, and few ED1+ cells were seen infiltrating the lesion center. By 4 days, laminin associated with vessel staining was increased and ED1+ cells appeared to be more numerous in the lesion. By 7 days after injury, the new vessels formed a continuous cordon oriented longitudinally through the lesion center. ED1+ cells were abundant at this time point and were found in the same area as the newly formed vessels. Astrocyte migration from the margins of the lesion into the new cordon was apparent. By 14 days, a decrease in the number of vessels in the lesion center was observed; in contrast, astrocytes were more prominent in those areas. In addition to providing a blood supply to the lesion site, protecting the demise of the newly formed vascular bridge might provide an early scaffold to hasten axonal regeneration across the injury site.
THE NEEDLES (CALIFORNIA) IRON METEORITE

The Needles fine octahedrite, which weighs 45.3 kg, was found in 1962 in the Turtle Mountains, about 50 km SSW of Needles, California. It contains 10.3% Ni, 77 ppm Ga, 93 ppm Ge and 4.8 ppm Ir, and is a member of chemical group II D. It is rather similar to the Wallapai, Arizona, meteorite, and may possibly be a transported mass from this multiple fall. The compositional evidence slightly favors the interpretation that Needles is a distinct fall.
Effective frequency estimates in local media planning practice

Effective frequency, a cornerstone of media planning, says how many times consumers should be exposed to advertising in order for advertising to be the most effective. Basic effective frequency level is believed to be ‘three-plus’ exposures and this figure is adopted by most media planners. Beside the basic level, marketing, media and creative copy factors influence the final determination of effective frequency level. Such factors, defined by Ostrow in 1982, were not revised for more than 29 years and still are used in media planning textbooks. This exploratory study examines how local media professionals make their decisions about frequency levels for advertising campaigns.
Reduction of ovarian torsion 1 week after embryo transfer in a patient with bilateral hyperstimulated ovaries

Abstract Objective: To report a rare case of unilateral ovarian torsion 1 week after embryo transfer in a patient with bilateral hyperstimulated ovaries. Design: Case report and literature review. Setting: Reproductive Endocrine division in a university teaching hospital. Patient(s): Infertility patients undergoing IVF-ET. Intervention(s): Laparoscopic reduction of adnexa 1 week after ET. Main Outcome Measure(s): Successful preservation of the affected adnexa. Result(s): Delivery of 3.324 kg male infant with preservation of the affected ovary. Conclusion(s): Untwisting of the affected ovary at laparoscopy without aspiration reduction of cystic masses is appropriate. The outcome of the pregnancy (even very early) in patients with torsion of the adnexa may be favorable after a laparoscopic unwinding of the affected adnexa.
Breast cancer surgery: an historical narrative. Part II. 18th and 19th centuries.

SAKORAFAS G.H. & SAFIOLEAS M. (2009) European Journal of Cancer Care19, 6–29 Breast cancer surgery: an historical narrative. Part II. 18th and 19th centuries During the 18th and 19th centuries, management of breast cancer was greatly improved. The humoral theory of Galen, which dominated for centuries, was fallen into disfavour. Axillary nodal involvement was recognised as an adverse prognostic factor, while LeDran, in the middle of the 18th century, proposed the theory of lymphatic spread of breast cancer; he also favoured the idea that breast cancer at its earliest stage was a local disease, which could be effectively treated by surgery. The need to excise enlarged axillary lymph nodes was recognised by other surgeons of the 18th century, including Petit, who proposed a procedure very similar to radical mastectomy. During the 19th century, significant advances were noted, including the development of anaesthesia and antisepsis, a better understanding of the biology of cancer and the introduction of microscopic examination. Radical mastectomy was widely used in clinical practice by Halsted. However, this radical procedure was used by other surgeons of that time, including Meyer. Halsted was able to report a very low local recurrence rates (∼6%), a very important achievement given the advanced stages of the breast cancer when diagnosed in women at that time.
Catalytic dechlorination of organochlorine compounds III. Lindane

We found that in-situ preparation of Ni2B with the addition of excess NaBHa was--6ff--ective in the extensive dechlorination of DDT (DENNIS-and COOPER, 1975), heptachlor and chlordane (DENNIS and COOPER, in press). Similar systems have been used to reductively dehalogenate aromatic systems (EGLI, 1968) and as a site specific method for deuteration (BOSIN, et a l . , 1973). This catalytic system was found to rapidly and comp-Te~ly dechlorinate lindane (the gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexachlorocyclohexane) to benzene, cyclohexene, cyclohexane and chloride ions. In a similar reduction of lindane described by Bieniek e t a l . (1970), lindane, Co2B and an excess of NaBH4, in various solvents, produced tetrachlorocyclohexane as the major product.
Cardiac expression of a gain-of-function α5-integrin results in perinatal lethality

Communication between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular signal transduction and cytoskeletal system is mediated by integrin receptors. α 5 β 1 -Integrin and its cognate ligand fibronectin are essential in development of mesodermal structures, myocyte differentiation, and normal cardiac development. To begin to explore the potential roles of α 5 β 1 -integrin specifically in cardiomyocytes, we used a transgenic expression strategy. We overexpressed two forms of the human α 5 -integrin in cardiomyocytes: the full-length wild-type α 5 -integrin and a putative gain-of-function mutation created by truncating the cytoplasmic domain, designated α 5-1 -integrin. Overexpression of the wild-type α 5 -integrin has no detectable adverse effects in the mouse, whereas expression of α 5-1 -integrin caused electrocardiographic abnormalities, fibrotic changes in the ventricle, and perinatal lethality. Thus physiological regulation of integrin function appears essential for maintenance of normal cardiomyocyte structure and function. This strengthens the role of inside-out signaling in regulation of integrins in vivo and suggests that integrins and associated signaling molecules are important in cardiomyocyte function.
Regulation of Actin Filament Cross-Linking and Bundle Shape in Drosophila Bristles

Previous studies demonstrate that in developing Drosophila bristles, two cross-linking proteins are required sequentially to bundle the actin filaments that support elongating bristle cells. The forked protein initiates the process and facilitates subsequent cross-linking by fascin. Using cross-linker–specific antibodies, mutants, and drugs we show that fascin and actin are present in excessive amounts throughout bundle elongation. In contrast, the forked cross-linker is limited throughout bundle formation, and accordingly, regulates bundle size and shape. We also show that regulation of cross-linking by phosphorylation can affect bundle size. Specifically, inhibition of phosphorylation by staurosporine results in a failure to form large bundles if added during bundle formation, and leads to a loss of cross-linking by fascin if added after the bundles form. Interestingly, inhibition of dephosphorylation by okadaic acid results in the separation of the actin bundles from the plasma membrane. We further show by thin section electron microscopy analysis of mutant and wild-type bristles that the amount of material that connects the actin bundles to the plasma membrane is also limited throughout bristle elongation. Therefore, overall bundle shape is determined by the number of actin filaments assembled onto the limited area provided by the connector material. We conclude that assembly of actin bundles in Drosophila bristles is controlled in part by the controlled availability of a single cross-linking protein, forked, and in part by controlled phosphorylation of cross-links and membrane actin connector proteins.
A system to study 3D perception for diagnosing schizophrenia and assessing treatment results

Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) perceive various visual stimuli differently than healthy controls. This is especially true of the “hollow-face illusion.” We have created a virtual rendering system that exploits this well-known fact. We also explain the addition of a head-tracking feature that provides a more realistic spatio-temporal interaction for our virtual-reality apparatus. Our system is capable of quantifying the amount of time a person perceives the illusion and affords a comparison between SZ patients and controls, thus offering a diagnostic tool for SZ.
Executable design and control framework using reconfigurable manufacturing holons and its evolution algorithm

This paper provides an executable design framework for modelling and controlling holonic manufacturing processes and systems. This framework is based on reconfigurable manufacturing holonic modules. These holonic modules consist of holons represented using parameterised Petri Net modules. As the suggested modelling framework shares advantages of IEC 61499 and FCPN-std, it supports the design of complex holonic manufacturing processes/system and allows simulation and analysis under general manufacturing uncertainties. Self-organisation activity in a holonic manufacturing system is explained using an evolution concept. A holon's inner evolution is executed through cascading parameterised Petri Net modules. This evolution is used for capturing the dynamic characteristics of a manufacturing environment. Routeing and reconfiguration is fulfilled through configuration evolution. It is achieved using the suggested constraint-based fuzzy Q-learning algorithm. The provided framework and two evolution algorithms ar...
The Coastal Science Educational Virtual Appliance (CSEVA)

The Coastal Science Educational Virtual Appliance (CSEVA) is a unique tool designed to support interdisciplinary coastal science education and outreach activities, enabling active, hands-on, numerical modeling experiments by researchers, stakeholders and the general public. The CSEVA is a significant advancement over the prior Grid Appliance (GA) -based coastal science applications as it integrates formerly independent appliances: the CI-TEAM, SCOOP, and MTEVA into a single system. These applications span a wide variety of coastal science applications (conservative tracer release, storm surge and inundation, and transportation network assignment, respectively) and their integration greatly enhances the user experience in a variety of ways: less local storage requirements, easier to install, and linked application tools. In addition, the MTEVA application has been enhanced to include a simple idealized transportation network in northeast Florida being impacted by a hypothetical Katrina-like storm under various sea level rise scenarios as well as several new deterministic network assignment models. Finally, to facilitate even wider adoption of the CSEVA, a "Live" DVD/USB version of the GA has been developed. This version is much easier to use as it does not require any software to be installed locally as the GA is bootable directly off a DVD/USB device. The CSEVA along with corresponding documentation and tutorials are publically available on the Internet at http://cseva.coastal.ufl.edu.
Role of Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping in Cancer Treatment

It is remarkable that cancer chemotherapies, with generally narrow therapeutic windows and possibilities for life-threatening toxicities, are usually dosed according to body-surface area (BSA). The appropriateness of BSAbaseddosinghasbeenchallenged, 1 butitremainsingrained in clinical oncology practice. The continued use of BSA dosing is understandable, as it applies a precise calculation toanintuitivelyobviousnotionthattooptimizetreatment, larger patients should receive more drug than smaller patients. Moreover, there is no validated substitute for BSAbased dosing for most chemotherapy regimens. However, theemergingfieldofpharmacogeneticspromisestochange this situation. Interindividual variability in toxicity and therapeutic responseisfrequentlyobserved,leadingtopotentiallylethal consequences of cancer treatment. Variability in response may be due to a combination of tumor- and host-related factors. Variability in chemotherapy-associated toxicity is a host-related phenomenon that is largely a consequence of variability in absorption and distribution, and particularly of metabolism and clearance. There is a high degree of interindividualvariabilityinthesystemicclearanceofmany chemotherapeutic agents, primarily reflecting differences in rates of hepatic drug metabolism. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) system catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the overall metabolism and subsequent elimination of many drugs and is known to be involved in the metabolism of many anticancer drugs including ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine,andtamoxifen. 2,3 Thesearchforfunctionalpolymorphisms in the CYP genes, with the goal of using an
Isolation and characterization of cloned DNA sequences that hybridize to the human X chromosome.

Abstract A partial library of cloned human DNA was screened for sequences represented on and specific to the X chromosome. The library was constructed from Bam HI-digested human DNA from cells with X chromosome polyploidy, and was cloned in pBR322. The screening was performed by individually hybridizing 32 P-labeled cloned plasmids to Southern blots containing Bam HI-digested DNA from mouse-human hybrid cells having the human X chromosome and from derivative hybrids lacking the human X. Of 45 clones assayed, 33 contained sequences homologous to ones represented many times on the X. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes demonstrated that at least four of these clones were homologous to autosomes as well. Only one of the 18 clones of this kind tested cross-hybridized with another. Two recombinant plasmids were shown to be derived from the X chromosome and to be X chromosome-specific by three criteria: they hybridized to a single band in the Southern blots of Bam HI-digested DNA from hybrid cells containing the X chromosome; they hybridized to a band of the same molecular weight as did the inserted DNA fragment; and they showed a dosage effect when hybridized to Southern blots of Bam HI-digested DNA from XY and XXX cells. One of these hybridized as a single-copy or low-order reiterated sequence in a Cot analysis using male DNA as driver. Our methods can be applied to the identification of any chromosome-specific clone. The two X-specific clones identified here should be useful in investigating the mechanism of X inactivation and in isolating a Barr body.