cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Patients With Preformed Reactive Antibodies Who Are Awaiting Cardiac Transplantation

Patients with elevated levels of preformed reactive antibodies to HLA antigens have higher rates of organ rejection than do patients without such antibodies. Consequently, before proceeding with transplantation, many medical centers do prospective cross-matching, that is, mix lymphocytes from the organ donor with sera from the prospective organ recipient, to determine whether a higher rejection rate or an immediate episode of rejection will occur. The problem has been compounded by the increased frequency of preformed reactive antibodies in patients with ventricular assist devices who are awaiting cardiac transplantation. Performing a prospective cross-match can be time-consuming and often is impossible because of the unstable condition of the organ donor or travel logistics, leading to increased costs for transplantation and longer waiting times for recipients. A variety of treatments are used in cardiac transplantation programs in attempts to reduce the concentration of preformed reactive antibodies. Each of these treatments has accompanying complications and considerations for the transplant team. Each treatment must also be assessed for therapeutic response. Options for managing patients with preformed antibodies and a case report are presented. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005;14:46-51)
Solitary Bone and Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

Less than 5% of patients with a plasma cell dyscrasia present with a single bone (SBP) or extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) without evidence of systemic disease (normocalcemia, absence of anemia, preservation of uninvolved immunoglobulins, or renal disease attributable to myeloma). Diagnosis requires biopsy confirmation of a monoclonal plasma cell infiltrate from a single site. The treatment of choice for both entities is radiotherapy given with curative intent (> 4000 cGy) resulting in long term disease-free survival in approximately 30% of patients with SBP and 65% of patients with EMP. Less than 5% of patients with a plasma cell dyscrasia present with a single bone or extramedullary lesion due to a malignant plasma cell infiltrate, without apparent evidence of systemic myeloma. Most present with a painful lesion, but some patients who are asymptomatic may be diagnosed during radiologic examination for other conditions.
History of the science of mutagenesis from a personal perspective.

A career in the study of mutagenesis spanning 50 years is a gift few scientists have been bestowed. My tenure in the field started in 1953, the year the structure of DNA became known (Watson and Crick [1953]: Nature 171:737). Before that time, it was suspected that DNA was the genetic material based on the research of Oswald T. Avery (Avery et al. [1944]: J Exp Med 79:137), but many scientists still believed that proteins or polysaccharides could be the genetic material. The present article describes a lifetime of personal experience in the field of chemical mutagenesis. The methods used to treat viruses with chemical mutagens were well developed in the 1950s. Here I review the early use of nitrous acid and hydroxylamine as mutagens in eukaryotes, the development of methods for the metabolic activation of mutagens by microsomal preparations, and the selection of a mutant tester set for the qualitative characterization of the mutagenic activity of chemicals. These studies provided critical background information that was used by Bruce Ames in the development of his Salmonella/microsome assay, widely known as the Ames test (Ames et al. [1973]: Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 70:2281–2285). This article also describes how a set of diagnostic chemical mutagens was selected and used to identify the molecular nature of gene mutations. Today, DNA sequencing has replaced the use of diagnostic mutagens, but studies of this kind formed the foundation of modern mutation research. They also helped set the stage for the organization of the Environmental Mutagen Society and the Environmental Mutagen Information Center, which are described. The article ends with the development of mammalian single-cell mutation assays, the first system for studying in vivo mutagenesis using recoverable vectors in transgenic animals, other mutation assays in intact mammals, and my thoughts on the critically important area of germ cell mutagenesis. This narrative is not a complete autobiographical account, in that I have selected only those experiences that I feel are important for the history of the field and the edification of today's students. I hope I have shown that science not only is a valuable pursuit but can also be fun, stimulating, and satisfying. A good sense of humor and the knowledge that many discoveries come by serendipity are essential. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improving Geotechnical Uncertainty Evaluation in Reliability-Based Design

Modern geotechnical engineering often embraces uncertainty directly. For foundations, load-and-resistance-factor-design (LRFD) and multiple-load-and-resistance-factor-design (MRFD) formats are used. For “basic LRFD”, the ground is simply treated as another structural component. In the more advanced design formats, the resistance factors attempt to capture some key geologic and geotechnical issues. These factors are a function of the general soil/ground strength or stiffness, as well as the quality of the key design data (strength, modulus, etc.) as obtained from different methods of site investigation, expressed as a coefficient of variation (COV) of the parameter related to the mean or trend line in-situ. These issues are addressed herein, and it is shown that the advanced formats deal with actual ground conditions more realistically. As ground professionals, we need to push code developments to reflect the reality that ground conditions need to be addressed explicitly. Recommendations are made for foundations in both soil and rock.
How Bedrock‐Controlled Channel Migration Can Structure Selective Preservation of Archaeological Sites: Implications for Modeling Paleoindian Settlement

Although Paleoindian sites in Indiana, USA, are commonly located on late Wisconsin (Last Glacial Maximum) outwash terraces, drainage basin development since deglaciation often obscures the visibility of such sites on flood plains by either burying them under alluvium or destroying them through erosion. Significant clusters of Paleoindian and Early Archaic sites, however, have been identified proximal to the modern White River channel in central Indiana on what is mapped as “floodplain.” These site cluster locations are patterned. They typically occur within bedrock-controlled river reaches but are rare along unconfined meandering reaches. Subsurface reconnaissance and chronology indicate that despite the fact that they often flood, portions of the so-called flood plains within bedrock-confined reaches are actually terraces constructed of late Wisconsin outwash with minimal overbank sedimentation. Terrace preservation in these settings is a result of bedrock structure that protects older sediments from lateral erosion and differentially preserves archaeological sites near the modern channel in bedrock-controlled reaches. Comparisons of archaeological sites within bedrock-controlled segments of the White River to those in unconfined meandering segments suggests that significant numbers of Paleoindian and Early Archaic sites may be missing from river settings across the midcontinent. These findings demonstrate that bedrock channel controls are important to recognize when assessing prehistoric settlement distributions.
Oil dispersants do facilitate biodegradation of spilled oil

Kleindienst et al. (1) question whether dispersants stimulated biodegradation following the Macondo oil release in the Gulf of Mexico, but, in fact, their experimental design illustrates why dispersants play such an essential role in oil spill response. Their method of producing “water accommodated fractions,” although routinely used for toxicity tests, leaves the vast majority of the oil they add floating on the surface of their experiment. This does not happen at sea. Dispersants lower the interfacial tension between oil and water, allowing minor turbulence to generate small droplets that diffuse apart and remain entrained in the water column. Successful dispersant applications transfer essentially all of a floating slick into the water column, where the oil dilutes to a sub-parts per million level in days (2).
Fathers' Investments of Money and Time across Residential Contexts

Fathers' roles in family life have changed dramatically over the past 50 years. In addition to ongoing breadwinning responsibilities, many fathers are now involved in direct caregiving and engagement with children. Yet there is considerable variation in what fathers do, especially depending on whether they live with or away from their child. In this article, the authors use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,869) to describe how fathers' economic capacities (money) and direct involvement with children (time) are associated over child ages 1 to 9 for resident versus nonresident fathers, net of confounding factors. They found suggestive evidence that money and time investments operate differently across residential contexts: Resident fathers experience a trade-off between market work and time involved with children. In contrast, nonresident fathers' higher economic capacities are associated with more time involvement, underscoring the greater challenge for such fathers to remain actively involved.
Real-time evidence for age grad(ing) in late adolescence

This study provides real-time support for the hypothesis, previously inferred from apparent time studies, that stable sociolinguistic variables are age-graded. Stable variables have been shown to exhibit a curvilinear pattern with age in which adolescents use nonstandard variants at a higher rate than adults do. An analysis of the morphophonological variable (ing) was carried out using recordings and ethnographic observations of 13 young American women during and after their final years of high school. Offering a detailed look at the late adolescent life stage, the study also explores speakers’ motivations for retaining or retreating from nonstandard variants as they prepare to enter adulthood. These are examined at both the group and the individual level. The results indicate that the degree of retreat from nonstandard variants is socially differentiated, in line with apparent time findings. Future enrollment in a locally oriented college, and alignment to a local ethnic network (Irish or Italian)—not social class—were the predictors of retention in high school.
Affective Expression:: Implications for the Educator, Clinician and Therapist

Research has demonstrated a close relationship between affective expression and cognitive development among young children. The emergence of affective responsively of infants with Down syndrome follows the same developmental pathway as that of their normally developing peers. The strength of the association between affective expression and cognition has resulted in the examination of this relationship among children with moderate to severe motor impairment. These data reveal that the expression of affect has both cognitive and physiological determiners, and impairment in either areas may hinder a child's expression of affective responses. The degree to which cognitive ability and motor disability merge determines the ability of a handicapped child to respond affectively.
Simulation of Neural Responses that Underlie Speech Discrimination

Psychophysical acuity for speech sounds with differing voice onset time (VOT) has often been found to be nonmonotonic (Abramson and Lisker, 1970; Keating et al., 1981; Kuhl, 1981; Rosner, 1984; MacMillan et al., 1988; but see Kewley-Port et al., 1988). Acuity for VOT is usually best for the syllables that bracket the boundary between voiced (/b, d, or g/) and voiceless consonants (/p, t, or k/) (Abramson and Lisker, 1970; Kuhl, 1981). This result was once thought to reflect the operation of a neural system that was specialized for processing speech. However, it is now known that chinchillas exhibit the same relation between identification and acuity for VOT (Kuhl and Miller, 1978; Kuhl, 1981). It has been suggested that some continua of speech sounds, such as those differing in VOT, may interact with general auditory mechanisms in a way that naturally produces a region of high sensitivity (Miller, 1977; Stevens, 1989). Until recently, however, specific hypotheses about the nature of this interaction or about neural responses that underlie enhanced psychophysical acuity or category formation had not been proposed.
Analysis of Resistance Spot Welding Technology and Its Control Mmethod

With the development of the automotive industry,the application of various welding processes in the body also gradually increased,but resistance spot welding with its low-cost,high efficiency,and still is the main connection of the body assembly process.Brief description of the resistance spot welding process,as well as factors affecting the welding quality,easy-to-digest introduction to the body-in-white welding quality control and testing methods.
Comparison of children’s food and beverage intakes with national recommendations in New York City child-care centres

Objective The present study compared foods and beverages provided to and consumed by children at child-care centres in New York City (NYC) with national nutrition recommendations. Design The study used survey, observational and centre record data collected from child-care centres. Food and beverage intakes from two days of observation and amounts of energy and nutrients were estimated using the US National Cancer Institute’s Automated Self-Administered 24 h Recall system. Setting Meal and snack time at 108 child-care centres in low-income communities in NYC. Subjects Children aged 3–4 years old in classrooms selected by the directors of the participating child-care centres. Results Foods and beverages provided to and consumed by children (n 630) met >50 % of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for most nutrients. Intakes of fibre and vitamins D and E were 50 % of the recommended average daily intake amounts for total grains, fruits and fruit juices, and dairy, but <50 % of the recommended amounts for whole grains, protein foods and vegetables. Intake of oils was below the allowance for energy levels, but foods and beverages with solid fats and added sugars exceeded the limits by 68 %. Conclusions Providing more whole grains, vegetables and low-fat dairy and fewer foods with solid fats and added sugars may improve children’s diet quality when at child-care centres. Centre staff may need training, resources and strategies in order to meet the nutrition recommendations.
Role of fluconazole in the long-term suppressive therapy of fungal infections in patients with artificial implants

With the increased use of artificial implants the management of related infections has become an important challenge. Normally an infected implant would be removed. In many cases this might be contraindicated and drug treatment remains as the only alternative. As microbiological eradication is often impossible, especially in fungal infections at artificial implants (FIAI) long-term suppressive therapy might be required. The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic value of fluconazole (F) in the management of FIAI. Clinical data of 56 patients (pts) with proven or suspected fungal infections and artificial implants (FIAI) subsequently treated with F were analyzed retrospectively. FIAI caused by species with intrinsic resistance to F have been excluded from the study. The following implants were involved: prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) 25 pts (44.6%), intraocular lenses (IL) 9 pts (16.1%), ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) 6 pts (10.7%), knee prostheses (KP) 5 pts (8.9%), biliary stents (BS) 4 pts (7.1 %), venous access devices (VAS) 3 pts (5.4%), urinary stents (US) 2 pts (3.6%), breast implant and pacemaker 1 patient (1.8%) each. Underlying diseases were valve insufficiency (in PVE), cataract surgery (in IL), prematurity in newborns (in VPS), arthrosis (in KP), biliary obstruction (in BS), cystic fibrosis (in VAS), and obstructive renal calculi (in US). Candida species (C. spp.) were the most frequently detected causative agents with C. parapsilosis as the leading cause (n = 19; 33.9%). Furthermore C. albicans (n = 15; 26.8%), C. spp. and fungi not further specified (n = 8; 14.3%), C. tropicalis (n = 3; 5.4%), C. glabrata (n = 3; 5.4%), and C. lusitaniae (n = 1; 1.8%) were identified. Acremonium kiliense has been detected in 4 pts (7.1%), Cryptococcus neoformans in 2 pts (3.6 %). Histoplasma capsulatum was identified in 1 patient (1.8%). The maximum duration of treatment with F was lifelong with a maximum recorded duration of 4,5 years. The maximum dosage used was 750 mg/d or 50 mg/kg BW in premature infants. No major adverse events were observed. In conclusion, especially the excellent safety profile as well as the documented therapeutic experience justify the use of F as long-term suppressive therapy in FIAI. Higher dosages and even life-long treatment may be needed.
How Can Leaders Cultivate an Organizational Culture of Creativity and Innovation, Particularly in the Academy?

Cultivating creativity and innovation in the academy requires adaptive leadership to develop organizational capacity for collaboration and teamwork. To foster collective capacity for innovation, leaders can be guided by Kouzes and Posner's five practices of exemplary leadership.
The Second Reconstruction: The Civil Rights Era and Composition’s Response to the New “Egalitarian” University

Both the 1870s and the 1960s were times of innovation and change. The innovation of mass education beginning in the late nineteenth century during the Reconstruction Era was a direct response to the changes that our nation was experiencing at the time. During this era, slaves became free and, supposedly, “equal,” and educational institutions became more formalized as our nation was securing its position as an industrialized capitalist nation that required skilled workers, technological development, and professionalization.
Calcifying Pseudoneoplasms of the Neuraxis (CAPNON): Case Series and Literature Review (P4.259)

Objective: To describe the neuroimaging, histology, and pathogenesis of calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON). Background: CAPNON is a rare, slow-growing, non-neoplastic mass lesion that can mimic a variety of other calcified lesions. Descriptions of the neuroimaging, histology, and pathogenesis of CAPNON in the literature have been varied. We report our institution’s experience with CAPNON, including three cases with unique imaging characteristics and histopathological identities, and discuss the existing literature. Methods: Case series and literature review. Results: A 45-year-old man presented to our clinic with one week of diplopia. Neuroimaging demonstrated a mass in the cerebellar vermis. A 31-year-old woman presented with posterior head and neck pain. MRI showed a large mass in the clivus. A 48-year-old man presented with right lower extremity weakness, along with numbness and tingling in both lower extremities. MRI showed an intradural extramedullary spinal cord mass. Each patient had pathology consistent with CAPNON. Combined with the previous literature, the most common presenting symptoms were seizures (29[percnt], 16/55 patients) and headaches (14.5[percnt], 8/55 patients). Pain was another common symptom (32.7[percnt], 18/55), frequently attributed to focal compression caused by the mass lesion. Patient ages ranged from 6 to 74 years. Males were affected more than females (40 vs 25). Histopathology showed few or all of several features, including a myxoid matrix with characteristic spindled and epithelioid cells, osseous metaplasia, fibrous stroma, or giant cells. Immunohistochemical staining for EMA is not always necessary for diagnosis. Hypointensity on T1- and T2-MRI is common, but not always present. Conclusions: The etiology of CAPNON is unclear, but thought to be reactive in nature rather than neoplastic. The treatment is usually gross total resection, and the prognosis is usually favorable. Disclosure: Dr. Bhatia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Syed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arvanitis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aiken has nothing to disclose.
Ultrasound for Vascular Access

Ultrasound can be employed to facilitate central and peripheral vascular access. In some cases, such as internal jugular vein cannulation, the use of ultrasound makes the procedure faster and safer while limiting the number of attempts. Complications such as carotid artery puncture or pneumothorax may be reduced. In other procedures, such as subclavian vein cannulation, the role of ultrasound in facilitating the procedure is less clear. Last, peripheral venous access may benefit from observation of patent vasculature and procedure-guidance, however, the reduction of any complications is not documented.
Ethics of Activist Design: Designing a Technical Communication Pedagogy Grounded in Civic Engagement Activism

Students bring a wide range of values and experience to the technical communication classroom that often inform the rhetorical dexterity needed for instructors to address multiple audiences, for multiple purposes, and with multiple technologies. This presentation explores a pedagogical approach that bridges technical communication and community engagement through a sequence of assignments grounded in engagement design. The presenter details a semester assignment sequence that links social responsibility to theory and engagement while exploring best practices for teaching activist design, blurring the lines between classroom, community, and workplace. This discussion raises the following questions: what drives students and instructors to pursue social justice issues through their coursework? What best practices can be implemented in the technical communication classroom to tie design principles, activism, and community engagement to technical communication curriculum?
A 6-mW, 70.1-dB SNDR, and 20-MHz BW Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator Using Low-Noise High-Linearity Feedback DAC

A 4-bit, third-order, continuous-time $\Sigma \Delta$ modulator is presented for use in wireless communications systems. Based on small-signal noise models, analyses for reducing noise in the feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are presented in detail. This enables easy performance/area optimization for the DAC unit elements and the RC noise filter in the DAC bias circuits. To obtain high linearity while simplifying the DAC design, circuit- and layout-level design techniques for minimizing switching time mismatches among and inside the DAC unit elements are presented. As a result, glitch-induced harmonic distortion is greatly reduced, requiring only a simple data-weighted averaging for the multibit DAC. In combination with multipath multistage op amps used to implement active-RC integrators, the presented techniques make it feasible to design a high-performance $\Sigma \Delta$ modulator with low power and small area, which is desired in many wireless communications systems. The experimental prototype, implemented in a 28-nm CMOS technology, achieves a 72.6-dB dynamic range, a 70.7-dB peak SNR, and a 70.1-dB peak signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio for a signal bandwidth of 20 MHz. The total power consumption is 6 mW from a 1- and 1.4-V supply, of which analog and digital circuits dissipate 4.5 and 1.5 mW, respectively. The total active area is 0.058 mm2.
Anal Fissure: Recurrence After Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy

Anal fissure is a common cause of perianal pain. When patients fail medical treatments, surgical management through a lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) provides relief with cure rates as high as 96–100 % [1–5]. However, some patients present with recurrent anal fissures after surgical treatment. This represents a difficult problem for the patient and their colorectal surgeon. While cure of the painful anal fissure is the ultimate goal, repeat interventions come with the potential increased risk of incontinence.
An Economic Analysis of Area, Production of Organic Products and its Export in India

This paper focus on the economic analysis of area, production of organic products and its export in India. India is endowed with various types of naturally available organic form of nutrients in different parts of the country and it helps for organic cultivation of crops substantially. Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. India's total area under organic certification is 5.69 million hectares in 2013-14 and its global rank is 10th. The growth rate of cultivation of organic area of India is 17.35 per cent; of which wild collection is 10.51 per cent during 2004-2013. Among all the states in India, Uttar Pradesh the has highest area under organic farming followed by Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in 2011-12. The share of export of organic products in terms of volume to USA (42.16 %) was the highest followed by European Union (32.3 %), Canada (21.68 %). The total volume of export of organic products from India was 177765.26 metric tons worth of Rs. 1328.6 crores during the period of 2013-14. Compound growth rate of export quantity of organic products of India is 46.22 per cent and export value is 34.99 per cent during 2002-03 to 2013-14. India exports around 135 organic products; of which, the share of cotton from India was (54.04 %) followed by cereals and millets (19.79 %) basmati rice (11.00 %) in 2013-14.
Who’s to say what’s funny? A computer using Language Models and Deep Learning, That’s Who!

Humor is a defining characteristic of human beings. Our goal is to develop methods that automatically detect humorous statements and rank them on a continuous scale. In this paper we report on results using a Language Model approach, and outline our plans for using methods from Deep Learning.
Hot-Carrier Degradation in Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

While the SiGe HBT evolution has led to the significant proliferation of BiCMOS technologies and mixed-signal applications, a host of reliability issues has come to the forefront due to its suitability for multiple applications ranging from high-performance analog to millimeter-wave applications. Hot-carrier induced reliability degradation mechanism is one of the primary issues that strongly defines the safe-operating area of a SiGe HBT device and its usable lifetime. Understanding of the SiGe HBT reliability from hot-carrier induced degradation has developed significantly over the past few years. As the device performance gets scaled, a more predictive approach to understanding and estimating hot-carrier degradation is underway. This chapter attempts to highlight some of the important links that will define the future of hot-carrier reliability studies in SiGe HBTs.
Meta-Alkoxy-Substituted Difluoroboron Dibenzoylmethane Complexes as Environment-Sensitive Materials

The optical properties of meta-alkoxy-substituted difluoroboron dibenzoylmethane dyes were investigated in solution and in the solid state. Meta-alkoxy substitution induced strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the oxygen-donating substituent to the halide and boron acceptors in the excited state, as compared to the π–π* transition that is observed with para-alkoxy substitution. The optical properties of para- and meta-substituted alkoxy boron dyes were evaluated by calculations, in dilute solution, and in solid-state films. When embedded in amorphous matrixes (e.g., PLA, PMMA, PS, cholesterol), all dyes showed fluorescence (F) and phosphorescence (P) emission. In this report, we show that meta-substitution resulted in enhanced solvatochromism and an increased phosphorescence-to-fluorescence ratio in solid-state films compared to analogous para-substituted samples. With enhanced phosphorescence intensity via the heavy-atom effect, iodo-substituted dyes were further studied in PLA–PEG nanopartic...
Visualizing chemical functionality in plant cell walls

Understanding plant cell wall cross-linking chemistry and polymeric architecture is key to the efficient utilization of biomass in all prospects from rational genetic modification to downstream chemical and biological conversion to produce fuels and value chemicals. In fact, the bulk properties of cell wall recalcitrance are collectively determined by its chemical features over a wide range of length scales from tissue, cellular to polymeric architectures. Microscopic visualization of cell walls from the nanometer to the micrometer scale offers an in situ approach to study their chemical functionality considering its spatial and chemical complexity, particularly the capabilities of characterizing biomass non-destructively and in real-time during conversion processes. Microscopic characterization has revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of chemical features, which would otherwise be hidden in bulk analysis. Key microscopic features include cell wall type, wall layering, and wall composition—especially cellulose and lignin distributions. Microscopic tools, such as atomic force microscopy, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, have been applied to investigations of cell wall structure and chemistry from the native wall to wall treated by thermal chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. While advancing our current understanding of plant cell wall recalcitrance and deconstruction, microscopic tools with improved spatial resolution will steadily enhance our fundamental understanding of cell wall function.
Regulation of ADAM10 by miR-140-5p and potential relevance for Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Recent reports in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research suggest that alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression are associated with disease pathology. Our previous studies suggest that A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) expression is important in AD and could be modulated by an extended regulatory region that includes the 3' untranslated region. In this study, we have investigated the role of trans-acting factors in ADAM10 gene regulation. Our study shows that miRNA-140-5p has enhanced expression in the AD postmortem brain hippocampus using high-throughput miRNA arrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, we have also seen that miRNA-140-5p seed sequence is present on 3' untranslated region of both ADAM10 and its transcription factor SOX2. The specific interaction of miRNA-140-5p with both ADAM10 and SOX2 signifies high regulatory importance of this miRNA in controlling ADAM10 expression. Thus, this investigation unravels mechanisms underlying ADAM10 downregulation by miR-140-5p and suggests that dysfunctional regulation of ADAM10 expression is exacerbated by AD-related neurotoxic effects. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of trans-acting factors in the modulation of AD pathophysiology.
Effect of capacitive current on reverse recovery of body diode of 10kV SiC MOSFETs and external 10kV SiC JBS diodes

The body diodes of 10kV SiC MOSFETs can be used as anti-parallel diodes in medium voltage converters instead of widely used SiC JBS and PiN diodes. Characterization of switching loss of the body diodes is required to evaluate its candidature for replacement of JBS/PiN diodes. Normally, double pulse test setup is used to observe the reverse recovery behavior of the diodes. But, in high voltage diodes, due to large dv/dt the capacitive current becomes significant, and it superimposes on the reverse recovery current waveform of the diode, misleading the reverse recovery loss data, if the capacitive current is ignored. In this paper, contribution of the capacitive current in the reverse recovery is segregated, which helps in determining actual reverse recovery loss of the diode in double pulse test circuit. Two-slope turn-on characteristic of 15kV SiC IGBT is employed to support the existence of this capacitive current. Using the proposed segregation technique, reverse recovery of the body diode of 10kV SiC MOSFETs is compared with that of 10kV SiC JBS diode.
Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Cardioprotection—Current Limitations and Future Directions

Since the seminal reports of adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection in the early 1990s, there have been a multitude of such reports in various species and preparations. Original observations of the beneficial effects of A1 receptor agonists have been followed up with numerous reports also implicating A2A, A3, and most recently A2B, receptor agonists as cardioprotective agents. Although adenosine has been approved for clinical use in the United States for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and coronary artery imaging, and the selective A2A agonist, regadenoson, for the latter, clinical use of adenosine receptor agonists for protecting the ischemic heart has not advanced beyond early trials. An examination of the literature indicates that existing experimental studies have several limitations in terms of clinical relevance, as well as lacking incorporation of recent new insights into adenosine receptor signaling. Such deficiencies include the lack of experimental studies in models that most closely mimic human cardiovascular disease. In addition, there have been very few studies in chronic models of myocardial ischemia, where limiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure, not reduction of infarct size, are the primary endpoints. Despite an increasing number of reports of the beneficial effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, not agonists, in chronic diseases, this idea has not been well-studied in experimental myocardial ischemia. There have also been few studies examining adenosine receptor subtype interactions as well as receptor heterodimerization. The purpose of this Perspective article is to discuss these deficiencies to highlight future directions of research in the field of adenosine receptor-mediated protection
Alcohol, Medications, and Other Drugs

Drugs have long been used to facilitate and enhance sexual experience. Alcohol in Europe and Asia, opium in Asia, and yohimbine in Africa have served that purpose for centuries and continue to do so today. Other traditional compounds have included cantharides (Spanish fly—a urinary tract irritant), strychnine in homeopathic doses, ginseng root, and various mammalian organs (e.g., rhinoceros or deer horn, water buffalo testes, bear bile). Depending on era, location, informant, and drug, these presumed aphrodiasiac agents have gained reputations as causing, allowing, and/or enhancing sexual function (Jarvik, 1977).
Solubility of Refrigerants in Various Lubricants

Solubility data of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures have been modeled with cubic equations of state (EOS): van der Waals (vdW), Soave-modified Redlich–Kwong (SRK), or Peng–Robinson (PR) types. The temperature dependence on the “a” parameter in the EOS is modeled with a common empirical function for pure refrigerants, including oils. For lubricants, a hypothetical oil (UniOIL) has been developed with universal oil EOS constants, and it is valid for any kind of lubricant oil. Only an average molecular weight is required for any type of oil. The mixing rules for the a and b parameters of EOS are more general than the ordinary van der Waals–Berthelot formula, and a justification of such mixing rules is discussed. The refrigerants studied are R-32, R-125, R-134a R-143a, R-152a, R-12, R-22, R-123 and R-13B1. The lubricants are naphthenic mineral (MO), alkylbenzene (AB/HAB), and polyol ester (POE) oils, as well as model compounds with pure component oils (hydrocarbons and POE). They are all analyzed with the UniOIL model. Good quality experimental solubility (PTx) data were selected from the literature and well correlated within their experimental uncertainties. All the cubic EOS (vdW, SRK, and PR) having the same type of mixing forms for the a and b parameters showed excellent fits to the experimental PTx data with essentially the same degree of accuracy. The results in this report are shown with the SRK type EOS.
Vaping-Induced Acute Lung Injury

A number of environmental agents are known to cause acute or subacute inhalation injury to the lung parenchyma. Indeed, emergency response guidelines for medical personnel describe toxic inhalation...
The solution structures and interaction of SinR and SinI: Elucidating the mechanism of action of the master regulator switch for biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis

Bacteria have developed numerous protection strategies to ensure survival in harsh environments, with perhaps the most robust method being the formation of a protective biofilm. In biofilms, bacterial cells are embedded within a matrix that is composed of a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis has become a model organism for studying regulatory networks directing biofilm formation. The phenotypic transition from a planktonic to biofilm state is regulated by the activity of the transcriptional repressor, SinR, and its inactivation by its primary antagonist, SinI. In this work, we present the first full-length structural model of tetrameric SinR using a hybrid approach combining high-resolution solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), chemical cross-linking, mass spectrometry, and molecular docking. We also present the solution NMR structure of the antagonist SinI dimer and probe the mechanism behind the SinR-SinI interaction using a combination of biochemical and biophysical techniques. As a result of these findings, we propose that SinI utilizes a residue replacement mechanism to block SinR multimerization, resulting in diminished DNA binding and concomitant decreased repressor activity. Finally, we provide an evidence-based mechanism that confirms how disruption of the SinR tetramer by SinI regulates gene expression.
Impaired visual working memory and reduced connectivity in undergraduates with a history of mild traumatic brain injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, accounts for 85% of all TBIs. Yet survivors anticipate full cognitive recovery within several months of injury, if not sooner, dependent upon the specific outcome/measure. Recovery is variable and deficits in executive function, e.g., working memory (WM) can persist years post-mTBI. We tested whether cognitive deficits persist in otherwise healthy undergraduates, as a conservative indicator for mTBI survivors at large. We collected WM performance (change detection, n-back tasks) using various stimuli (shapes, locations, letters; aurally presented numbers and letters), and wide-ranging cognitive assessments (e.g., RBANS). We replicated the observation of a general visual WM deficit, with preserved auditory WM. Surprisingly, visual WM deficits were equivalent in participants with a history of mTBI (mean 4.3 years post-injury) and in undergraduates with recent sports-related mTBI (mean 17 days post-injury). In seeking the underlying mechanism of these behavioral deficits, we collected resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) and EEG (rsEEG). RsfMRI revealed significantly reduced connectivity within WM-relevant networks (default mode, central executive, dorsal attention, salience), whereas rsEEG identified no differences (modularity, global efficiency, local efficiency). In summary, otherwise healthy current undergraduates with a history of mTBI present behavioral deficits with evidence of persistent disconnection long after full recovery is expected.
A Real Time Stock tendency prognostication using Quantopian

Stock trends prediction project is about designing a strategy that helps in predicting the stock trends in real time. To achieve it, we have considered Quantopian, one of the world’s leading financial marketing strategy analysis as our platform. Quantopian follows the 3-Step approach of Alpha coding, Code Optimization & Portfolio. Alpha Code is the main algorithm that harbours, our strategy in stock trend prediction. We consider a single factor that influences our code and gradually come up with two or more factors combination to advance efficiency of optimization strategy. Sentiment factor is used to give an efficiency of 9.3% at the end of back testing. When the combination of sentiment, operation ratio and revenue growth are passed to alpha lens, it is found that the efficiency is raised to 64%, making it much more reliable and stable. The accuracy of multiple alpha factors model attains more than 60%, contrast with earlier prediction algorithms with a single alpha factor have around 9% accuracy increases with 51%.
Optimal Spacecraft Orbit Design for Inertial Alignment with Ground Telescopes

This paper addresses the orbit design and translational control problems for a new class of astrophysics missions that require regular periods of accurate alignment between a ground-based sensor, a space-based instrument, and an inertial target such as a star or galaxy. These problems must be solved to enable novel missions such as the Earth-Orbiting Starshade, which uses a 100m starshade with extremely large ground telescopes to image earth-like exoplanets with an effective inner working angle of only 50 milliarcseconds. The orbit design and control problems for these missions are challenging because the spacecraft must perform autonomous accurate formation-flying with a telescope that is not in orbit while satisfying multiple requirements on the optical and orbit configurations. To meet this need, this paper includes four contributions to the state-of-the-art. First, analytical constraints on key design variables are derived to guarantee the existence of regular observation opportunities that satisfy all mission requirements. Second, the delta-v cost of the station-keeping maneuvers required to maintain alignment between the sensor, instrument, and target is derived in closed-form as a function of the location of the target, the latitude of the sensor, and the start time and duration of the observation. This derivation provides simple design rules to minimize the delta-v cost of observations. Also, it is demonstrated that chemical propulsion is required to counteract the relative acceleration between the sensor and instrument for scientifically useful observation durations. Third, a novel four-impulse maneuver scheme is proposed to minimize the delta-v cost of reconfiguring the orbit to enable observations of multiple targets. It is found that the proposed maneuver scheme can reduce the total delta-v required for a large reconfiguration by up to 44 % compared to simply rotating the orbit plane. Finally, it is demonstrated that a distributed mission architecture can reduce the propellant required to observe each target by several hundred kilograms. Overall, this paper provides a novel orbit design that enables new science missions that require real-time cooperation between ground-based sensors and space-based instruments, providing sensing capabilities that are infeasible with any other mission architecture.
The Art and Science of Psychotherapy

Publisher Summary Psychotherapy is both an art and a science. Understanding the contribution of both these elements and achieving a proper balance in actual episodes of therapy is essential to optimize therapeutic success. As behavioral health professionals have often emphasized one aspect and neglected the other, this chapter aims to readdress this imbalance. A key task in therapy is creating and maintaining an optimal therapeutic relationship, which has to involve elements such as empathy, positive regard, and instilling hope. The relationship must also involve persistence in moving the client to explore areas they do not want to; giving honest, useful, but perhaps unwanted feedback; drawing clear boundaries (particularly with certain clients such as those with borderline personality disorder); and tough love, which necessitates the art of establishing and maintaining a therapeutic relationship. Another common mistake is to view psychotherapy as entirely an art. This view misses the point that there are causal relations in therapy that science is best at discovering. As all measurements contain error, knowing the scientific literature about the validity and limitations of the validity of psychological assessments is also essential knowledge in psychotherapy. Additionally, only testing can ensure that the intervention is safe. Finally, the advantage of scientific knowledge is that it has a large and known generalizability, which can be used to find out about what constitutes good therapy and teach others to implement this knowledge.
NR2B-dependent cyclophilin D translocation suppresses the recovery of synaptic transmission after oxygen-glucose deprivation

N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) subunit 2B (NR2B)-containing NMDA receptors and mitochondrial protein cyclophilin D (CypD) are well characterized in mediating neuronal death after ischemia, respectively. However, whether and how NR2B and CypD work together in mediating synaptic injury after ischemia remains elusive. Using an ex vivo ischemia model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in hippocampal slices, we identified a NR2B-dependent mechanism for CypD translocation onto the mitochondrial inner membrane. CypD depletion (CypD null mice) prevented OGD-induced impairment in synaptic transmission recovery. Overexpression of neuronal CypD mice (CypD+) exacerbated OGD-induced loss of synaptic transmission. Inhibition of CypD-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening by cyclosporine A (CSA) attenuated ischemia-induced synaptic perturbation in CypD+ and non-transgenic (non-Tg) mice. The treatment of antioxidant EUK134 to suppress mitochondrial oxidative stress rescued CypD-mediated synaptic dysfunction following OGD in CypD+ slices. Furthermore, OGD provoked the interaction of CypD with P53, which was enhanced in slices overexpressing CypD but was diminished in CypD-null slices. Inhibition of p53 using a specific inhibitor of p53 (pifithrin-μ) attenuated the CypD/p53 interaction following OGD, along with a restored synaptic transmission in both non-Tg and CypD+ hippocampal slices. Our results indicate that OGD-induced CypD translocation potentiates CypD/P53 interaction in a NR2B dependent manner, promoting oxidative stress and loss of synaptic transmission. We also evaluate a new ex vivo chronic OGD-induced ischemia model for studying the effect of oxidative stress on synaptic damage.
Training of managers in program planning and evaluation: Comparison of two approaches.

Two programmatic approaches to the training of public school managers in program planning and evaluation were compared. An Active learning Pmgram (ALP), that emphasized discussion, behavioral rehearsal, 'and social reinforcement and feedback, was implemented in a public school district with five curriculum supervisors. It was compared with an Instructions Oriented Program (IOP), that emphasized lectures and discussions and was implemented in another school district with five curriculum supervisors. Both programs consisted of four, two-hour training sessions held during four consecutive weeks. Results indicated that the ALP was more effective than the IOP. Moreover, the usefulness of evaluable programs for classroom-level educational programming was socially validated by a sample of classroom teachers. Lastly, participants in the ALP expressed a greater degree of satisfaction with the training than those in the IOP.