cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethical relativism in accounting: A cross-cultural examination of the influence of culture and risk taking propensity on ethical decision-making

Abstract Extending prior ethics frameworks, we conduct a cross-cultural survey to examine ethical decision-making and risk taking propensity in the United States (US) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Although there is a significant body of research describing the ethical decision-making of individuals in the US, little is known regarding those in MENA. With increasing business and political involvement between the US and MENA, it is critical that we better understand whether the ethical decision-making of accountants differs between these regions. Additionally, we add to the examination of ethical decision-making by introducing risk taking propensity as an antecedent that is particularly relevant to the accounting domain. Using path analysis with samples of accounting students in the US and MENA, we find support for our model where region and risk taking propensity influence ethical awareness. Ethical awareness influences judgment, which goes on to influence intention to act in an ethically challenging management accounting situation. Additionally, inconsistent mediation is indicated, where the direct effect and indirect effect (through risk taking propensity) of region on awareness have opposite influences. In this way, risk taking propensity has a suppression effect on the impact of region on ethical behavior.
Unintended Consequences: the U.S. Postal Service Conundrum of Service, Business, Labor, and Politics

This paper examines the 2020 turmoil surrounding the U.S. Postal Service—a crisis not seen since roughly 209,000 employees struck its predecessor the U.S. Post Office Department in March 1970, which led to passage of the Postal Reorganization Act that summer and the inauguration of the USPS in July 1971. The 2020 conflict was not merely rooted in the economic disaster following the COVID-19 pandemic, but in fact stretches back to the 2009 postal financial crisis. I argue that these crises are an unintended consequence of the compromise formation of the USPS as a hybrid government agency/business. Debates over whether public or private postal service too often leave out conflict over the rights of postal labor. The origins of that debate lie in the former USPOD’s management of labor using “business methods” that included authoritarian discipline, contingent workers to cut costs, and creating racial divisions among employees.
Situating Psychedelics and the War on Drugs Within the Decolonization of Consciousness

This article provides a rationale for understanding the United States’ war on drugs as a biopolitical enterprise that restricts the states of consciousness humans can avail themselves to. Given the intimate relationship between psychoactive drugs and human cognition, perception, and behavior, the tactics of illegalization, persecution, and misinformation mobilized by the war on drugs have inherently delimited the conscious states available to the population. Drug regulations and prohibitions in contemporary US society have resulted in a biopolitical normalization of consciousness that reinvokes colonial refrains of domination historically mobilized against traditional ritual, healing, and spiritual practices and pharmacopeias. From a decolonial perspective, the biopolitical delimitation of consciousness ensuing from the war on drugs can be understood as a form of epistemic hegemony insofar as the alternate states brought about by certain drugs, in this case psychedelic substances, are delegitimized despite an array of evidence attesting to their epistemological, therapeutic, and philosophical import. By examining contemporary research on classic psychedelics, this article illustrates how psychedelics temporarily suppress the top-down structures which maintain normal waking consciousness, including the perceptual and conceptual boundaries that influence behavior. As such, this article examines how classic psychedelic drugs and experiences can be understood as anarchic agents that can assist in decolonizing the spaces of consciousness wherein unyielding colonial patterns of thought have become concretized.
An Adaptive Text Message Intervention to Promote Well-Being and Health Behavior Adherence for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Intervention Design and Preliminary Results.

Background Most individuals with heart disease struggle to adhere to cardiovascular health behaviors, despite their known health benefits. Text message interventions (TMIs) are a promising treatment modality for health behavior promotion, but existing TMIs typically deliver a fixed set of messages and do not target well-being constructs associated with adherence and cardiovascular health. Objective To develop a 4-week TMI, which delivers daily messages to promote well-being and adherence to health behaviors and dynamically adapts based on participant feedback to deliver increasingly customized messages; and to assess its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in a single-arm, proof-of-concept trial in 14 individuals with coronary artery disease (age mean = 67.9, standard deviation = 8.7). Methods Participants received daily text messages related to well-being, physical activity, or diet, rated each message's utility, and these ratings informed the TMI's choice of future text messages. Feasibility was assessed by the proportion of messages successfully sent, and acceptability was assessed by participant ratings of intervention burden and text message utility. Finally, the intervention's preliminary efficacy was explored by measuring pre-post changes in psychologic and behavioral outcomes. Results The TMI was both feasible (93% of participants received all messages) and well-accepted (mean text message utility: 7.0 of 10 [standard deviation 2.5]; mean intervention utility: 6.4 of 10 [standard deviation 0.9]; mean intervention burden: 0.5 of 10 [standard deviation 0.9]). Participants reported that messages related to well-being were particularly helpful and that most messages led to an action (e.g., eating more vegetables, being kind to others). The TMI led to nonsignificant, small-to-medium effect size improvements in happiness, optimism, determination, depression, anxiety, self-rated health, and diet (d = 0.19–0.48), and, unexpectedly, small reductions in activity and physical function (d = −0.20 and −0.32). Conclusions The adaptive TMI was feasible, well-accepted, and associated with nonsignificant improvements in psychologic outcomes and mixed effects on behavioral outcomes. Larger, well-powered studies are needed to determine whether this TMI will be able to improve well-being and health-related outcomes in this high-risk population.
Theorizing Religion and the Role of Philosophy

This paper is a response to Patrick Hart’s “Theory, Method, and Madness in ReligiousStudies,” and it argues that philosophy is presupposed and therefore ineliminablewhen theorizing religions.
Application of the Microbiological Approach to the Study of Passive Monovalent Salt Transport in a Kidney Epithelial Cell Line, MDCK

The mammalian kidney is a complex organ consisting of several tissues and a large number of distinct cell types. A multiplicity of epithelial cell types line fluid-filled tubules, differing morphologically and functionally depending on the segment of the tubule in which they arise. They are connected by junctional complexes which make for tissue integrity and allow intercellular communication (Fig. 1). They are polar, possessing plasma membranes of differing protein compositions on the mucosal and serosal sides of the cell. Asymmetry is essential to epithelial cell function since different transport systems are associated with the two membranes. Underlying the epithelial cell layer is a basement membrane, a complex network of proteins and carbohydrate-rich macromolecules, which confer a relatively static shape to the tubule. Underlying the basement membrane are fibroblasts which together with the epithelial cells participate in basement membrane biogenesis, synthesize collagen, and comprise much of the tissue bulk. Muscle, nerve, and endothelial cells participate in organ mobility, communication, and nutrition, respectively. The complexity of the kidney is awe inspiring. An understanding of its function will require the concerted efforts of numerous investigators applying a variety of experimental approaches to the same problem.
Interplanetary Dust - Its Physical Nature and Entry into the Atmosphere of Terrestrial Planets

Studies of extraterrestrial particles collected in the stratosphere and from the sea floor indicate that the majority of interplanetary dust is a black, fine grained material similar to carbonaceous chondrites but different from known meteorites in mineralogy and structure. If the analyzed samples are typical interplanetary particles then they are probably cometary materials similar to the vast numbers of cometary particles which have continuously entered the Earth’s atmosphere for the lifetime of the solar system. If comets do not contain large strong rocks capable of producing conventional meteorites then dust is the only form in which organic materials from comets can be accreted by the Earth.
Are alienability and the apriori of argument logically incompatible

Let us consider the contention that it is logically impossible to favor both the doctrine of Alienability, and the Apriori of Argument, at the same time. Since I am on the record as so maintaining both views, and continue to do so, it is incumbent upon me to either successfully refute his charge, or retract in one or both of these cases. In this paper I shall first review Alienability (section I) and the Apriori of Argument (section II). I shall then consider the view that they are incompatible with one another (section III), and offer reasons for rejecting his perspective.
Is intrathecal methotrexate necessary in the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma

Systemic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Leptomeningeal involvement is common and intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX) is frequently used in combination with HD-MTX, but its benefits are not established. Using a case-controlled retrospective study, matching patients treated with HD-MTX with or without IT-MTX, we found no difference in survival, disease control, or neurotoxicity.
When Student Samples Make Sense in Logistics Research

The use of student samples in logistics research is a controversial issue that often invokes vigorous debate among scholars. Critics of the practice claim that students are not able to realistically describe logistics phenomena and do not represent a generalizable cross-section of practicing managers. These claims are valid for survey studies or qualitative methods that have traditionally dominated logistics research. However, in behavioral experiments that are focused on maximizing precision and control, student samples are often justified because of homogeneous sampling requirements and boundary conditions that include students within a theoretical framework. The objectives of this forward looking article are to explain when and why student samples are often appropriate in logistics research, generate additional discussion about the topic, and ultimately facilitate the growth of behavioral experimentation in logistics research.
Apoptosis. All's well that ends dead.

When under attack from pathogens, the body expands its population of lymphoid cells. Once the pathogen has been destroyed, the excess cells must be eliminated, and this is done by cell suicide (apoptosis). People with a disease called type II ALPS cannot efficiently destroy the extra lymphoid cells, and it turns out that this is because they have mutations in a protein at the heart of apoptosis, caspase-10.
A Study of Internal Movements of the Body Occurring on Impact

Abstract : The present investigation is directed toward measuring the motion of internal body structures when the whole body is submitted to impact. These experiments were performed on the dog. The impact occurred along the long axis of the anital. The device used was an AVCO shock test machine (Model SM-010-3) using an impact pad to produce a half-sine impulse. The drop tower of this machine was modified to permit vertical drops up to seven feet.
Rapid method for isolation of normal human peripheral blood eosinophils on discontinuous Percoll gradients and comparison with neutrophils

Previous studies on human eosinophils often have used cells from patients with hypereosinophilia syndrome or parasitosis owing to the difficulty in isolating pure populations of eosinophils from normal individuals. In the present study, human eosinophils were isolated with a purity of 97%, with 70% recovery from normal individuals with blood eosinophil counts of less than 3%. Human eosinophils are denser than neutrophils, but the range of densities of the two cell types overlap, making purification of eosinophils by density-gradient centrifugation difficult. However, if neutrophils were exposed to the chemotactic peptide (f-Met-Leu-Phe), which did not stimulate eosinophils, the neutrophils' density decreased, shifting them away from the density of eosinophils. Whole normal blood anticoagulated with EDTA was incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes with 10(-6) mol/L f-Met-Leu-Phe and then layered over a discontinuous Percoll gradient (65% and 75% in diluted phosphate-buffered saline) and centrifuged at 400 g for 25 minutes at 22 degrees C. The cell layer between the 65% and 75% Percoll was collected and washed, and hypotonic lysis was used to remove erythrocytes. This cell layer contained 97.3 +/- 0.7% eosinophils (N = 8) with a yield of 4.9 X 10(4) eosinophils per milliliter of whole blood, or 70% of the total eosinophil count. The isolated eosinophils were in a quiescent state but responded to Escherichia coli endotoxin-activated serum with shape change and chemotaxis, membrane depolarization, and reduced nitroblue tetrazolium (96.0 +/- 1.0%), when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate. In phagocytic assays, 89.3 +/- 1.3% of the eosinophils ingested Candida albicans v 96.0% +/- 1.0% of neutrophils. In contrast, the eosinophils did not respond chemotactically, alter membrane potential, or reduce nitroblue tetrazolium when treated with f-Met-Leu-Phe, and studies with f-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe showed that normal eosinophils lacked expression of receptors for f-Met-Leu-Phe. In control studies, normal eosinophils that were not exposed to f-Met-Leu-Phe during purification also failed to respond to f-Met-Leu-Phe, indicating intrinsic differences between normal eosinophils and neutrophils. Thus, exposure of whole blood to f-Met-Leu-Phe, followed by separation on Percoll is a simple method for rapid isolation of normal human eosinophils.
Neuropsychological performance of journeymen painters under acute solvent exposure and exposure-free conditions

Journeymen painters were evaluated with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and compared to demographically similar nonexposed controls. For painters, a cumulative exposure to solvents was estimated from a structured interview that derived an index based on lifetime exposure and exposure in the past year. Painters were tested either shortly after having painted or after an exposure-free interval. Significant between-group differences were found on a cluster of tests measuring learning and memory. Within the painter group, scores on the learning and memory tests were significantly related to the interaction of condition and exposure. That is, those painters who were tested soon after painting and who also had a higher overall lifetime exposure, performed worst on tests of learning and memory. These results are consistent with the view that neuropsychological function--particularly learning and memory--may be compromised in active workers with a history of chronic solvent exposure. Furthermore, both the chronicity of solvent exposure, as well as the acuteness of the exposure, are significant factors in cognitive performance.
Acceleration Strategies in the New Developmental Education Landscape.

The college completion agenda, in concert with recent research, has brought scrutiny to the shortcomings of community college remedial programs. Remedial, or developmental, education has come to be seen as a hindrance to student progress and attainment rather than as a support. In this chapter, the authors describe new approaches to help students prepare for and move into college-level courses more quickly, while cautioning that we do not know yet whether many of them are effective.
Hybrid FEM-BEM method for fast micromagnetic calculations

Abstract A method for performing numerical micromagnetic calculations on systems with arbitrary geometry has been developed. The geometrical flexibility is a result of basing the approach on three-dimensional finite element modeling with tetrahedral elements. A boundary element component is also added to the formulation to treat the boundary condition at infinity and to facilitate computing interactions between spatially independent magnetic objects. This paper will focus on the mathematical formulation and algorithmical implementation of the method and will include a discussion of a solver which has been tuned specifically for this problem. The resulting program is fast enough to compute solutions to engineering problems of practical interest in a few hours on a workstation.
On the spectrum of the space cut-off : P(ϕ):Hamiltonian in two space-time dimensions

We use the method of the asymptotic fields to study the spectrum of the space cut-off :P(ϕ): Hamiltonian in two space time dimensions, whereP is a semibounded polynomial.
Redistribution of U and TH in shallow plutonic environments

Radioactive heat production in the Idaho Batholith and in the Alamosa River Stock in the San Juan Mountains correlates with the degree of hydrothermal alteration of plutons by meteoric groundwater. Fission-track mapping shows that as much as half of the U in whole-rock samples of the most-intensively-altered zone of the Alamosa River Stock is associated with secondary minerals. The hydrothermally-altered, shallow plutons in the Idaho Batholith contain significant amounts of U in secondary minerals whereas unaltered, deeply-emplaced plutons contain virtually all of their U in primary accessory minerals. The relative distributions of U and Th measured by gamma-ray spectrometry, the associations of U observed by fission-track mapping and a depth-dependence in thermally-induced hydraulic fracturing suggest a depth-dependent geochemical process that could produce an upward increase in the abundance of U and Th in batholiths. The process adds U and Th to chemically-receptive secondary minerals during alteration of plutons by convecting groundwater.
A DNA-barcoding approach to identifying juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia:Unionidae) recovered from naturally infested fishes

AbstractWe developed a multilocus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-barcoding approach to identify newly transformed juvenile mussels collected from naturally infested fishes in a federally protected waterway that is home to a diverse mussel community, the St Croix River (Minnesota/Wisconsin, USA). We used new and publicly available data downloaded from GenBank to build reference databases for identified adult mussels. We assessed the efficacy of the mitochondrial loci cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) for DNA barcoding. We concluded that the barcoding gap between average intra- and interspecific genetic distances is wider for ND1 than for COI, but both loci perform well for species identification in character-based phylogenetic analyses. Almost every species formed a monospecific clade with high bootstrap and posterior-probability support. We obtained newly transformed juvenile mussels by collecting individuals of 3 different fish species t...
Higher‐order thoughts and the appendage theory of consciousness

Abstract Theories of what it is for a mental state to be conscious must answer two questions. We must say how we're conscious of our conscious mental states. And we must explain why we seem to be conscious of them in a way that's immediate. Thomas Natsoulas (1993) distinguishes three strategies for explaining what it is for mental states to be conscious. I show that the differences among those strategies are due to the divergent answers they give to the foregoing questions. Natsoulas finds most promising the strategy that amounts to the higher‐order‐thought hypothesis that I've defended elsewhere. But he raises a difficulty for it, which he thinks probably can be met only by modifying that strategy. I argue that this is unnecessary. The difficulty is a special case of a general question, the answer to which is independent of any issues about consciousness. So it's no part of a theory of consciousness to address the problem, much less solve it. Moreover, the difficulty seems to have intuitive force only gi...
The role of maternal diet in the developmental toxicology of ethanol.

A commonly observed result of ethanol administration to experimental animals is a reduction in voluntary dietary intake. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of this reduction in the developmental/reproductive toxicity of ethanol. To achieve this objective, female C3H mice were administered one of the following diets from Day 0 to Day 17 of pregnancy: (1) liquid diet, (2) liquid diet plus 4.1% w/v ethanol, (3) an amount of liquid diet equal to that consumed by the liquid diet plus 4.1% w/v ethanol group, i.e., pair-fed, (4) liquid diet fortified with protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, or (5) fortified diet plus 4.1% w/v ethanol. An important aspect of this experiment was the 2 X 2 factorial design, which permitted the analysis of the effects of ethanol consumption, diet intake reduction, and potential interactions between these two factors. After maternal death on Day 17 of gestation, fetuses were examined for evidence of alterations in growth and/or development. Analysis of the results revealed that decreased dietary intake, but not ethanol consumption resulted in a decrease in fertility, maternal pregnancy weight gain, and litter size. In contrast, both decreased dietary intake and ethanol consumption significantly inhibited fetal growth and development. However, no interaction between these two factors was demonstrated, indicating that ethanol's fetotoxic effects occurred, regardless of maternal dietary intake. We conclude that, depending on the endpoint examined, maternal nutrition plays a key role in experimental ethanol fetotoxicity. However, this agent is fetotoxic, even in the well-nourished animal.
Photoemission study of composition- and temperature-induced metal-insulator transitions in Cr-doped V 2 O 3

The variety and complexity of the metal-insulator transitions that ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ undergoes, in both pure form and when doped with other transition-metal ions, have resulted in widespread interest in the electronic structure of this oxide. We report here the results of a photoemission study of the electronic structure of Cr-doped ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ in metallic and insulating states. At room temperature, insulating Cr-doped ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ exhibits a low emission intensity at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$. When cooled, a transition to a metallic state is observed at 210 K. The emission intensity at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ and the width of the V 3d emission increase below this transition. Additionally, the O 1s and V 2p core-level structure changes, resembling that of the metallic state of pure ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. When cooled further, another transition occurs from the metallic state to a second insulating state. The emission intensity at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ decreases and the V 3d emission narrows. The core-level emission structure reverted to that of the room-temperature insulating state. The changes in density-of-states and bandwidth were found to be consistent with a Fermi-liquid theory of these transitions; the changes in core-level emission are identified with different core-hole screening in the metallic and insulating states.
Investigating the Impact of Reemerging Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Winter Atmospheric Circulation over the North Atlantic

Abstract Extratropical SSTs can be influenced by the “reemergence mechanism,” whereby thermal anomalies in the deep winter mixed layer persist at depth through summer and are then reentrained into the mixed layer in the following winter. The impact of reemergence in the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) upon the climate system is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean/thermodynamic sea ice model. The dominant pattern of thermal anomalies below the mixed layer in summer in a 150-yr control integration is associated with the North Atlantic SST tripole forced by the NAO in the previous winter as indicated by singular value decomposition (SVD). To isolate the reemerging signal, two additional 60-member ensemble experiments were conducted in which temperature anomalies below 40 m obtained from the SVD analysis are added to or subtracted from the control integration. The reemerging signal, given by the mean difference between the two 60-member ensembles, causes the S...
Theory of ion—molecule collisions: The effect of the anisotropy in the polarizability on the collision rate constant

Abstract A classical treatment is used to estimate the increase in ion—molecule collision rates attributable to the anisotropy of the molecular polarizability, for linear and symmetric top molecules. The treatment used is directly analogous to the average dipole orientation (ADO) theory and the average quadrupole orientation (AQO) theory. Rate constants calculated for a number of thermal energy proton transfer reactions from D3+ to neutral species at 300 K show that the anisotropy will have a relatively insignificant effect on these rates (0–2%). An expression is obtained for the maximum effect (in the limit of zero neutral rotational energy) of the anisotropy on reaction rates. It is shown that the anisotropy effect will usually not be important, except at very low temperatures, and will generally be smaller than the quadrupole effect.
Measuring School District Performance

This article provides a method of measuring performance in the public sector, specifically performance of school districts. The technique is closely related to the family of Farrell type efficiency measures as well as data envelopment analysis (DEA). It also can be viewed as a generalization of earlier work on educational production functions. The approach gauges performance relative to the best practice frontier constructed from enveloping observed data points. It is nonparametric, i.e., no parametric functional form is imposed on the data, and the approach readily admits multiple goals or outputs. By way of illustration we apply this approach to a sample of Missouri school districts for the 1985-1986 school year. In order to reduce the impact of outliers we employ jackknifing techniques.
Suggestions for Improving Interviews in Child Protection Agencies

This article identifies difficulties that can arise during sexual abuse interviews in child protection agencies. Practical recommendations are offered to interviewers, trainers, and child protection administrators. The authors suggest ways to improve the interview process and the interview environment, emphasizing the need to improve rapport building, increase the use of open-ended questions, eliminate unnecessary procedures, enhance the physical environment, facilitate documentation through the use of tapes and transcripts, and train and supervise interviewers.
Valence-bond theory of off-center impurities in silicon: Substitutional nitrogen.

A theoretical description of the electronic structure of defects in semiconductors is presented that emphasizes the local bonding environment of the defect. For quantitative results, correlated ab initio wave functions, within the generalized valence-bond method (GVB), are used in describing defect properties. Explicit, detailed calculations are presented for the example of the substitutional nitrogen defect in silicon. The language of bond pairs, lone pairs, and dangling bonds\char22{}concepts well defined within the context of the GVB wave functions used here\char22{}is found to be a natural language for the discussion of simple defect behavior. The heretofore obscure driving force for the observed ${C}_{3v}$ ground-state geometry for Si:${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{Si}}$ is revealed to derive from local bonding considerations: The nitrogen atom prefers to form only three covalent bonds and have one lone pair, as in ammonia; this naturally results in a ${C}_{3v}$ ground state. Calculations confirm this description, but the arguments are not dependent on them. The crucial role of electronic correlation, neglected in mean-field approaches, for the description of the character of the local electronic structure of a defect is detailed. Comparisons are made between the results of correlated GVB and mean-field Hartree-Fock calculations which illustrate the importance of electronic correlation effects. The wave functions obtained are then used to calculate the hyperfine coupling parameters, from valence Mulliken analyses and directly from all-electron calculations. Agreement with the very detailed results of electron paramagnetic resonance experiments is quite good and the values obtained are insensitive to minor alterations to the model. The arguments used for the nitrogen-impurity case are not species specific; the behavior of a large class of defects can be qualitatively described by the judicious application of well-established local chemical and physical concepts. A few representative systems are discussed qualitatively to illustrate the usefulness of the simple concepts presented here.
Environmental services as a strategy for sustainable development in rural Amazonia

Rural Amazonians, especially Indians, extractivists and other forest dwellers, desperately need something that they can sell. Sale of material commodities taken from the rainforest is the focus of most attempts to encourage 'sustainable development' for these populations, but the mother lode waiting to be tapped is not a material commodity, but rather the forest's environmental services. Converting services like biodiversity maintenance, carbon storage and water cycling into monetary flows that can support a population of forest guardians requires crossing a series of hurdles. Reliable quantification of the magnitude of services being offered is a first necessity. How to convert forest environmental services into an income stream, and how to convert this stream into a foundation for sustainable development in rural Amazonia is a great challenge. Effort should be focused on tapping environmental services as a long-term strategy for maintaining both rainforest and its population. In addition to progressing toward long-term goals, immediate measures are needed to support the population and to avoid further loss of forest.
Surface chemistry of a pine-oil cleaner and other terpene mixtures with ozone on vinyl flooring tiles

Indoor environments are dynamic reactors where consumer products (such as cleaning agents, deodorants, and air fresheners) emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can subsequently interact with indoor oxidants such as ozone (O(3)), hydroxyl radicals, and nitrate radicals. Typically, consumer products consist of mixtures of VOCs and semi-VOCs which can react in the gas-phase or on surfaces with these oxidants to generate a variety of oxygenated products. In this study, the reaction of a pine-oil cleaner (POC) with O(3) (100ppb) on a urethane-coated vinyl flooring tile was investigated at 5% and 50% relative humidity. These results were compared to previous α-terpineol+O(3) reactions on glass and vinyl surfaces. Additionally, other terpene and terpene alcohol mixtures were formulated to understand the emission profiles as seen in the POC data. Results showed that the α-terpineol+O(3) reaction products were the prominent species that were also observed in the POC/O(3) surface experiments. Furthermore, α-terpineol+O(3) reactions generate the largest fraction of oxygenated products even in equal mixtures of other terpene alcohols. This finding suggests that the judicial choice of terpene alcohols for inclusion in product formulations may be useful in reducing oxidation product emissions.
Constituents of the twigs of Hernandia ovigera that inhibit the transformation of JB6 murine epidermal cells.

Activity-guided fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of the twigs of Hernandia ovigera, using a soft agar assay with JB6 murine epidermal cells, led to the isolation of two new naturally occurring aryltetralin lignans, (7R,8S,7‘R,8‘R)-(+)-7‘-acetyl-5‘-methoxypicropodophyllin (1) and (7R,8S,7‘R,8‘R)-(+)-7‘-acetylpicropodophyllin (2), of which 2 was previously identified as a synthetic product, along with eight known compounds, epiyangambin (3), caruilignan C, diasesartemin, (+)-epimagnolin A, N-methylcorydaldine, (−)-5‘-methoxyyatein, (+)-syringaresinol dimethyl ether, and (−)-yatein. The structures and stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were determined using spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant inhibition of the transformation of murine epidermal JB6 cells, with IC50 values of 0.15 and 0.4 μg/mL, respectively, while the other isolates were regarded as inactive (IC50 >4 μg/mL).
Influence of complete revascularization on chronic mesenteric ischemia.

Complete revascularization for chronic intestinalischemia is controversial. Fifty-eight patients (119 arteries) underwent mesenteric revascularization between 1981 and 1988. There were 46 women and 12 men (mean age: 63 years). Sixty percent of patients had three-vessel disease. Twenty-one patients underwent concomitant aortic reconstruction. Operative mortality was 10%. Four of the six deaths occurred in patients undergoing aortic surgery. Late graft failure occurred in five patients (10%). Five-year survival for patients with three-vessel involvement who underwent three-vessel repair was 73%, compared with 57% for two-vessel repair and 0% for one-vessel repair (p=NS). Similarly, graft patency in patients with three-vessel disease was highest in those patients who had complete revascularization (90%, 54%, and 0%, respectively) (p=NS). We conclude that increased graft patency and survival in patients with three-vessel disease was most frequent with complete revascularization. Diseased inferior mesenteric arteries should be repaired if feasible. Concomitant aortic operations should be avoided if possible.
Clonal origins of cells in the pigmented retina of the zebrafish eye.

Mosaic analysis has been used to study the clonal basis of the development of the pigmented retina of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Zebrafish embryos heterozygous for a recessive mutation at the gol-1 locus were exposed to gamma-irradiation at various developmental stages to create mosaic individuals consisting of wild-type pigmented cells and a clone of pigmentless (golden) cells in the eye. The contribution of individual embryonic cells to the pigmented retina was measured and the total number of cells in the embryo that contributed descendants to this tissue was determined. Until the 32-cell stage, almost every blastomere has some descendants that participate in the formation of the pigmented retina of the zebrafish. During subsequent cell divisions, up to the several thousand-cell stage, the number of ancestral cells is constant: approximately 40 cells are present that will give rise to progeny in the pigmented retina. Analysis of the size of clones in the pigmented retina indicates that the cells of this tissue do not arise through a rigid series of cell divisions originating in the early embryo. The findings that each cleavage stage cell contributes to the pigmented retina and yet the contribution of such cells is highly variable are consistent withmore » the interpretation that clonal descendants of different blastomeres normally intermix extensively prior to formation of the pigmented retina.« less
Anionic sites on the luminal surface of fenestrated and continuous capillaries of the CNS.

Abstract We injected intravenously cationic ferritin, pI 8.4, and studied patterns of labeling of the luminal surface of capillaries in the CNS of rats. Cationic ferritin consistently labeled the luminal aspect of the diaphragms of fenestrated capillaries in the choroid plexus, median eminence and pineal. No other feature of these endothelial cells was consistently labeled. Diaphragms spanning the mouths of vesicles open to the lumen were not labeled. Occasional ferritin molecules were seen in the BL of these fenestrated vessels. The luminal surfaces of endothelial cells of the continuous capillaries of the brain, and of reactive capillaries proliferating in a region of cold injury necrosis, were not labeled. Ferritin was not seen in cytoplasmic structures or the basal lamina of these vessels. The findings in the fenestrated capillaries of CNS are in agreement witthose reported for other fenestrated endothelia. The absence of labeling of the continuous capillaries of the blood-brain barrier differs from findings reported for other continuous capillaries, witthe exception of the blood-air barrier portions of lung capillaries.
The high-radiation-level analytical facility at the oak ridge national laboratory

Abstract Unusual techniques and remotely controlled manipulations are required in carrying out analytical work on highly radioactive materials. In order to isolate highly radioactive materials for analysis and to centralize remotely controlled operations in one area, a concrete structure, called the High-Radiation-Level Analytical Facility (HRLAF), was built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (O.R.N.L.) in 1955. This facility is used for the analysis of samples of radioactivity greater than 1 r/hr at contact; the samples are received from the Power Reactor Fuel Reprocessing Pilot Plant as well as from many other sources. It consists of a sample-storage cell, seven work cells, a “cold” preparation area, a decontamination area, a receiving dock and an office. Barytes concrete, in addition to concrete of normal composition, is used in the cell walls to meet different shielding requirements. Zinc bromide solutions are used for shielding in the work-cell windows, and high-density lead glass is used for shielding in the storage-cell window. The facility is provided with Master Slave Manipulators, analytical instruments designed for use by remote control, and special equipment for transporting samples, for continuously monitoring air-borne and background radioactivity, for disposing of solid and liquid wastes, and for carrying out decontamination procedures.
Determination of Experimental myocardial infarct size

Abstract Myocardial infarction was produced in anesthetized dogs by a 2-hr occlusion and 30-min reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A balloon-reservoir perfusion system was used for reperfusion and delineation of perfusion bed size (area at risk) with Patent blue dye. Infarct mass was determined by a histochemical staining technique with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Regional myocardial perfusion in infarcted, ischemic, and normal regions was measured with radioactive microspheres. Infarct size was 8.5 ± 1.6 g and accounted for irreversible damage in 9.2 ± 1.9% and 32.5 ± 4.8% of the left ventricle and area at risk, respectively. Regional myocardial blood flow within infarcted regions was constant over the 2-hr occlusion period (0.10 ± 0.03 to 0.11 ± 0.02 ml/min/g). Following reperfusion, these areas demonstrated significantly lower flow than did normal regions. Ischemic but noninfarcted tissue also had no change in flow over the occlusion period, but flow returned to normal following reperfusion. This study describes reliable methodology for production and determination of infarct size with simultaneous measurement of several factors involved in the relative extent of irreversible tissue damage.
Circadian regulation of melatonin in the retina of Xenopus laevis: limitation by serotonin availability

Treatments expected to increase retinal serotonin levels were found to stimulate melatonin production by cultured eyecups from Xenopus laevis. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline (100 microM) caused a sixfold increase in melatonin release, and the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (100 microM) caused a 70-fold increase. Both acted synergistically with eserine, an inhibitor of melatonin deacetylation in the retina. The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan was dose dependent, with effects increasing from 1 to 100 microM. Increasing the tryptophan level in the culture medium had no effect on melatonin release. These results indicate that the rate-limiting step in retinal melatonin synthesis is 5-hydroxylation of tryptophan. Melatonin released from individual eyecups in superfusion culture in constant darkness with and without added 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was monitored over a 5-day period. Control eyecups released low levels of melatonin, with circadian rhythmicity persisting for 1-3 days. With 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan added, melatonin levels were elevated 10-20-fold at all times, and rhythmicity was apparent for as long as five cycles. This provides a model system for studies of the circadian clock in the eye.
Propagation of Collisionless Sound in Normal and Extraordinary Phases of Liquid He 3 below 3 mK

Measurements of attenuation and velocity of sound in the collisionless regime have been made in normal and extraordinary phases of liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at several pressures. The attenuation has a frequency-independent component with a sharp maximum just below ${T}_{c}$ and a frequency-independent component with a BCS-like temperature dependence. The velocity, frequency dependent very near ${T}_{c}$, becomes frequency independent at lower $T$ and may be approaching the velocity of first sound.
Quantifying (changes in) health related quality of life after intensive care in children. 89

Quantifying (changes in) health related quality of life after intensive care in children. 89
A Targeted Testing Program for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Among Baltimore City's Homeless Population

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and improve access to TB treatment among the inner-city homeless. Design: This is an intervention study describing the impact of a public health program on TB prevention and control. Sample: The target population for the project was residents and recent graduates of a residential addictions recovery program in a faith-based, inner-city mission. Intervention: Faculty and student nurses administered purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin tests and TB symptom assessments on site to homeless Mission residents. Residents testing positive for TB infection were referred to the local city health department for follow-up. Residents placed on prophylactic therapy received intensive tracking and coaching interventions to encourage adherence to the 9-month regimen. Results: Ninety-eight percent of the target population was screened for LTBI. Ninety percent of residents requiring treatment for LTBI successfully accessed treatment services. Thirty-three percent of residents completed at least 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: The program demonstrated a modest improvement in treatment completion among the inner-city homeless when compared with local City Health Department treatment completion rates. This program demonstrates how a faith-based organization, an academic institution, and local government can successfully partner together to meet community needs.
Chemotherapy of malignant thymoma. Case report and review of the literature

The authors report the case of a patient with malignant thymoma unresponsive to combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone [CHOP] and cisplatin/VP-16) who subsequently achieved clinical response to continuous daily prednisone. A review of the literature indicates that prednisone and cisplatin are the most active agents in the treatment of malignant thymoma.
The influence of drugs on caloric-induced nystagmus.

The influence of both the activating and the inhibitory power of voluntary fixation upon caloric nystagmus has been studied. Eight normal test subjects were given bithermal caloric irrigations to evaluate the influence of fixation and no fixation under various test conditions. The following effects were observed:(1) Eye closure (i.e. with no fixation) has a facilitating power on the nystagmus in normal persons but inhibits or abolishes the induced nystagmus under the influence of reticular formation-blocking drugs.(2) Eye opening (with fixation) diminishes or abolishes the nystagmus induced in normal perSocs, and increases or revives the nystagmus in persons given the reticular formation blocking drugs.(3) It is concluded that, when the caloric test is performed, the resultant nystagmus should be examined under each of the two conditions of eye closure (no fixation) and eyes open (fixation). This may add useful diagnostic information to the otoneurological evaluation of patients. Electronystagmographic ex...
Social action, dialogism and the imaginary community: toward a dialogical critique of political economy

We view political economy through a lens of dialogical thought associated with the writings of the Bakhtin circle (1918–1929). The individual is understood to be a “social subject” who engages by necessity in self/other dialogue, in the medium of language, and whose actions are inscribed by an existential social unit. The latter cannot “communicate itself” as a unified object, for the very reason that meaning is always in it. This basic dialogical approach is then extended to the “social-as-community”, pointing toward a dialogical critique of political economy. The subject is understood to be oriented by its experience of an other individual as that which the subject is not, and as that which the subject is. Conceptually, then, the imaginary community is a transfiguration of the task each subject faces orienting self and other. It is a set of individuals, each individual inside the community being experienced by each other one as self, and individuals outside the set, as other.
Transcription of the early region of bacteriophage T7: selective initiation with dinucleotides.

Abstract A new picture of the in vitro transcription of the early region of bacteriophage T7 is presented. Dinucleotides were used to stimulate transcription by RNA polymerase from selected initiation sites on T7 DNA. Five initiation sites (three of which are very close together in the early promoter region) and five termination sites have been mapped relative to deletions in the early region. Over 20 r -strand specific RNA products arising from these sites have been characterized, most of which result from readthrough. Our results provide a strong correlation between in vivo and in vitro transcription of T7 by RNA polymerase. An additional initiation site outside the early region gives rise to a small l -strand specific RNA product. The dinucleotides have enabled us to determine whether ATP or GTP is used to initiate RNA chains at each initiation site. Since the dinucleotide primers apparently base-pair with the template at initiation sites, we have predicted short initiation site sequences, including the first few bases of the RNA chains.