cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Latino Mass Mobilization: Immigration, Racialization, and Activism

In the spring of 2006, millions of Latinos across the country participated in the largest civil rights demonstrations in American history. In this timely and highly anticipated book, Chris Zepeda-Millan analyzes the background, course, and impacts of this unprecedented wave of protests, highlighting their unique local, national, and demographic dynamics. He finds that because of the particular ways the issue of immigrant illegality was racialized, federally proposed anti-immigrant legislation (H.R. 4437) helped transform Latinos' sense of latent group membership into the racial group consciousness that incited their engagement in large-scale collective action. Zepeda-Millan shows how nativist policy threats against disenfranchised undocumented immigrants can provoke a political backlash - on the streets and at the ballot box - from not only 'people without papers', but also naturalized and US-born citizens. Latino Mass Mobilization is an important intervention into contemporary debates regarding immigration policy, social movements, and racial politics in the United States.
Microbial Invasion vs. Tick Immune Regulation.

Ticks acquire diverse pathogenic microbes while feeding on vertebrate blood. In response, the tick’s innate immune system activates an array of humoral factors and cellular processes to challenge and destroy these microbes. To evade these defenses, pathogens express surface ligands that bind to specific receptors on tick cells. Surviving microbes colonize tick tissues by different methods. Borrelia burgdorferi exploit bacteria-vector ligands to multiply, escape the midgut, enter the hemolymph, evade phagocytosis and invade salivary gland acini. Rickettsiae express outer membrane proteins that bind to receptors on tick cells, stimulating endocytosis and invasion. Infected cells initiate a signal cascade that rearranges the cell’s actin cytoskeleton and allows rickettsial multiplication by subverting cellular protective reactions and also spreads the infection. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma bacteria use caveolae-mediated endocytosis to invade cells and create membrane-bound intracellular compartments, providing a permissive environment wherein they multiply protected from host defense mechanisms. Babesia sp. also use novel methods to transit the midgut’s peritrophic barrier to invade epithelial cells, disable cell defenses, then develop and spread throughout the tick body. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how microbial pathogens invade and develop in their tick host, how the diverse components of the innate immune system are expressed to disable or destroy them and, finally, how some pathogens evade these defenses and multiply.
Protein-templated gold nanoparticle synthesis: protein organization, controlled gold sequestration, and unexpected reaction products

Emerging applications that exploit the properties of nanoparticles for biotechnology require that the nanoparticles be biocompatible or support biological recognition. These types of particles can be produced through syntheses that involve biologically relevant molecules (proteins or natural extracts, for example). Many of the protocols that rely on these molecules are performed without a clear understanding of the mechanism by which the materials are produced. We have investigated a previously described reaction in which gold nanoparticles are produced from the reaction of chloroauric acid and proteins in solution. We find that modifications to the starting conditions can alter the product from the expected solution-suspended colloids to a product where colloids are formed within a solid, fibrous protein structure. We have interrogated this synthesis, exploiting the change in products to better understand this reaction. We have evaluated the kinetics and products for 7 different proteins over a range of concentrations and temperatures. The key factor that controls the synthetic outcome (colloid or fiber) is the concentration of the protein relative to the gold concentration. We find that the observed fibrous structures are more likely to form at low protein concentrations and when hydrophilic proteins are used. An analysis of the reaction kinetics shows that AuNP formation occurs faster at lower protein (fiber-forming) concentrations than at higher protein (colloid-forming) concentrations. These results contradict traditional expectations for reaction kinetics and protein-fiber formation and are instructive of the manner in which proteins template gold nanoparticle production.
Bacterial Burden in Critically Injured Ventilated Patients Does Not Correlate with Progression to Pneumonia

Abstract Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in critically injured patients. The pathogenesis of VAP is not completely understood. We hypothesized that mechanically ventilat...
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Effects of Eplerenone on Metabolic and Inflammatory Indices in HIV.

Context HIV-infected individuals demonstrate increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in association with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. A physiologically based treatment approach targeting mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade may improve metabolic and inflammatory indices in HIV. Objective To investigate effects of eplerenone on insulin sensitivity, inflammatory indices, and other metabolic parameters in HIV. Design Six-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Academic clinical research center. Participants HIV-infected individuals with increased waist circumference and abnormal glucose homeostasis. Intervention Eplerenone 50 mg or placebo daily. Outcome The primary end point was change in insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Secondary end points included change in body composition and inflammatory markers. Results Forty-six individuals were randomized to eplerenone (n = 25) vs placebo (n = 21). Eplerenone did not improve insulin sensitivity [0.48 (-1.28 to 1.48) vs 0.43 (-1.95 to 2.55) mg/min/μIU/mL insulin; P = 0.71, eplerenone vs placebo] when measured by the gold standard euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Intramyocellular lipids (P = 0.04), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.04), and high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.04) improved among those randomized to eplerenone vs placebo. Trends toward decreases in interleukin-6 (P = 0.10) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.10) were also seen with eplerenone vs placebo. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels increased in the eplerenone vs placebo-treated group, demonstrating expected physiology. MR antagonism with eplerenone was well tolerated among the HIV population, with no considerable changes in blood pressure or potassium. Conclusion MR blockade may improve selected metabolic and inflammatory indices in HIV-infected individuals. Further studies are necessary to understand the clinical potential of MR antagonism in HIV.
Beating the urine drug test – a case report on niacin toxicity

Niacin is a form of vitamin B3 which is used for the medical treatment of hyperlipidemia and niacin deficiency. However, within the last few years, it is being advertised on the Internet as a quick way to detoxify the human body in an attempt to evade urine drug tests. This claim is without any medical or scientific evidence and as a result, many cases have been reported where young adults have ended up with niacin toxicity. In this case report, we discuss a rare presentation of niacin toxicity and the effects Internet has had on the healthcare being practised by both the physicians and the patients themselves.
Analytic Challenges in Social Sensing

Social sensing applications refer to those where individuals play an important role in data collection. They can act as sensor carriers (e.g., carrying GPS devices that share location data), sensor operators (e.g., taking pictures with smart phones), or as sensors themselves (e.g., sharing their observations on Twitter). The proliferation of sensors in the possession of the average individual, together with the popularity of social networks that allow massive information dissemination, heralds an era of social sensing that brings about new research challenges reviewed in this chapter.
Point Defect Structure of Chromium (III) Oxide

Based upon studies of the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of TiO2- and MgO-doped Cr2O3, the point defect structure of Cr2O3 was determined. It is found that the defect and transport properties in Cr2O3 are complicated. At high temperatures, different defects may be present depending upon the oxygen partial pressure. In general, at high PO2, Cr2O3 is a p-type semiconductor with electron holes and chromium vacancies as the dominant defects; at intermediate PO2, it behaves as an intrinsic semiconductor with electrons and electron holes dominant; and at low PO2, near the Cr/Cr2O3 equilibrium oxygen pressure, it changes to an n-type semiconductor with electrons and chromium interstitials dominant. The equilibrium constants associated with the formation of different defects are also obtained.
Trends in Stadium and Arena Construction, 1995-2015

A total of 56 stadiums and arenas opened between 1995 and 2009 including: 17 new baseball stadiums, four basketball arenas, nine hockey arenas, seven dual use NBA/NHL venues and 19 football fields. And it’s far from over: the San Francisco 49ers, San Diego Chargers, New York Giants, New York Jets, Minnesota Vikings, Oakland Athletics, Florida Marlins, Tampa Bay Rays, Minnesota Twins, Sacramento Kings, Orlando Magic, New Jersey Nets, New York Islanders and Pittsburgh Penguins anticipate new arenas by 2015. This paper summarizes recent and emerging trends associated with the capacity, cost, public subsidy and accompanying legislative characteristics of stadium and arena construction.
RFLPS of ApoB Gene

Epidemiological studies have shown1–3 that the plasma concentration of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-100 are positively correlated with the incidence of coronary artery disease. ApoB-100 is believed to have an important role in the alteration of lipid metabolism that may lead to premature atherosclerosis2,4. Apolipoprotein B-100 is the molecular determinant of some apoB-containing lipoproteins, serving as a recognition signal for LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis in a variety of cells5. More information on the nature of the protein is being obtained through the techniques of molecular biology. In recent years (1985–1986)6–10 the amino acid sequence of apoB-100 was deduced from the nucleotidic sequences of a number of cDNAs and genomic DNAs, which were isolated from human liver, intestine, and hepatoma libraries.
24K Protein - A Genetic Marker for the Symbiotic Region of Rhizobium Leguminosarum

When grown on agar slants, all strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum so far examined synthesised large amounts of a polypeptide, molecular weight 24kdal, for which the structural gene is located on the symbiotic plasmid. In the symbiotic plasmid pRLlJI, it maps between determinants for nodulation and the structural genes for nitrogenase. Although characteristic of R. leguminosarum, the gene is inessential for symbiotic N2 fixation and has no known phenotype. The gene product, which can be detected by a simple antibody staining reaction (figure 1), provides a convenient genetic marker flanking the symbiotic region. Using this method, cosmids carrying cloned symbiotic genes have been isolated from gene banks and transfer of natural symbiotic plasmids between strains has been monitored. In addition, the structural gene for 24K protein has been used as a target for site- directed reversed mutagenesis with Tn5 to provide a selectable marker at a convenient place on natural symbiotic plasmids.
Envisioning Future Directions: Conversations With Leaders in Domestic and Sexual Assault Advocacy, Policy, Service, and Research

This article delves into the views of 72 leaders in domestic violence and sexual assault advocacy, policy, service, and research to determine their vision for the future direction of the field. Through discussions with experts, we identified numerous strategies necessary to best meet the needs of domestic violence and sexual assault victims. Common themes focused on the need to (a) examine the context of victims' and offenders' experiences; (b) increase cultural competence to adequately provide appropriate victim services and criminal justice responses for underserved, marginalized, and culturally specific populations; (c) increase reliance on victims' voices; (d) continue to develop partnerships at both the community and the state levels and ensure the role of local communities; (e) expand the concept of successful outcomes that can be reliably and validly assessed; (f) emphasize mixed-methods approaches to address these questions, in recognition that various methods complement each other; and (g) be open to novel or emerging approaches to intervention.
α4β7 Integrin Is Upregulated on CD8+ Effector Memory T-Cells in Children with Gut Gvhd Prior to Clinical Symptoms and Represents a Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Allogeneic HSCT Patients

Background α4β7 integrin is expressed on T-cells which migrate to gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Expression of α4β7 integrin is elevated on memory T-cells in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients at diagnosis of GI GVHD. No pediatric data exist regarding α4β7 integrin expression before or at onset of GVHD. We hypothesized that α4β7 integrin expression on effector memory T-cells (TEMs) would be elevated in patients before acute GI GVHD symptoms compared to patients without GVHD and may be a useful therapeutic target for the prevention of acute GI GVHD. Methods Cryopreserved T-cells were characterized in 48 children who developed acute GI GVHD (n=22), isolated skin GVHD (n=12) and no GVHD (n=14). In patients with GVHD, T-cells were characterized prior to HSCT, one week before GVHD and at GVHD diagnosis. In patients without GVHD, samples were analyzed at baseline and day+30 after HSCT. Samples were incubated with fluorochrome conjugated monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3, CD8, CCR7, α4β7 integrin and CD45RA. TEMs were defined as CD3+, CCR7-, CD45RA- lymphocytes. Co-expression of trafficking markers implicated in GI GVHD (CCR5, CCR9), and liver GVHD (CXCR6 and CCR5) were also assessed. Samples were analyzed on an LSR Fortessa flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Data were analyzed using FCS Express (De Novo Software). Surface expression of all markers were compared using the Mann Whitney U-test. Patients with skin GVHD and no GVHD were grouped for analysis. Patients with at least 200 absolute CD8+ T-cell events were deemed evaluable. Results Twenty patients with GI GVHD, 8 with skin GVHD and 10 patients without GVHD had at least 200 absolute CD8+ events and were evaluable. Demographics of patients are shown in Figure 1. Expression of α4β7 integrin on CD8+ TEMs was upregulated in patients with GI GVHD compared to the No GI GVHD (skin GVHD + no GVHD) group one week prior to clinical symptoms (p=0.02; Figure 2A). Co-expression of CCR5 and CCR9 with α4β7 integrin was also higher on CD8+ TEM cells in the GI GVHD group compared to No GI GVHD group (p Conclusion α4β7 integrin is elevated on CD8+ TEMs prior to acute GI GVHD symptoms and co-expression of intestinal trafficking-specific markers such as CCR5 and CCR9 are also elevated prior to acute GVHD in pediatric patients. Our data suggest a rationale for the blockade of α4β7 integrin or the dual blockade of α4β7 integrin and CCR5 with clinically available therapeutics (maraviroc and vedolizumab) for acute GI GVHD prevention in pediatric allogeneic HCT patients.
A Hyper-Parameter Based Margin Calculation Algorithm for Single Flux Quantum Logic Cells

This paper presents a novel method for evaluating the robustness of single flux quantum (SFQ) logic cells in a superconducting electronic circuit. The proposed method improves the state-of-the-art by accounting for the global sources of variation, clustering cell parameters into hyper-parameters, and considering the co-dependency of these hyper-parameters when calculating a feasible parameter region in which cell functions correctly, given any combination of the parameter values. The average parametric yield inside the reported feasible parameter region is more than 98%. Additionally, a machine learning based method is presented to estimate the parametric yield both inside and outside the feasible parameter region. The average accuracy of the developed yield model is 96% for five SFQ cells.
Bibliometric Analysis Provides a Detailed Map of Information Literacy Literature in the Social Sciences and Humanities

A Review of: Bhardwaj, R.K. (2017). Information literacy in the social sciences and humanities: A bibliometric study. Information and Learning Science, 188(1/2), 67–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-09-2016-0068 Abstract Objective – To determine the scope and distribution of information literacy research documents in the humanities and social sciences published from 2001 to 2012. Design – Bibliometric analysis. Setting – N/A Subjects – 1,990 document records retrieved from a Scopus database search. Methods – Using the database Scopus, the author created and conducted a search for documents related to the concept of information literacy. Articles, review papers, conference articles, notes, short surveys, and letters were included in the results. Only documents published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2012 were included in the study. The author then performed various bibliometric analyses of the results. Main Results – The author found that the number of publications and citations have increased over time, although the average citations per publication (ACPP) decreased significantly during the time period being studied. The majority of the literature published on this topic is in English and produced within the United States. The Transformative Activity Index was calculated to determine changes in publishing patterns across countries from 2001 to 2012. The amount of research collaboration across countries was calculated as well, with the U.S. being the most collaborative. The top journals publishing on this topic were identified by calculating the h-index. An individual from Universidad de Granada in Spain published the greatest number of articles from a single author, and this university was found to have produced the greatest amount of research. Documents produced by the United Kingdom have the highest citation rates. A total of 1,385 documents were cited at least once, and each item on average was cited five times. Conclusion – Most of the articles on information literacy in the social sciences and humanities comes from developed countries. The results of this study may help to inform those interested in researching this field further.
Seq'ing identity and function in a repeat-derived noncoding RNA world.

Innovations in high-throughout sequencing approaches are being marshaled to both reveal the composition of the abundant and heterogeneous noncoding RNAs that populate cell nuclei and lend insight to the mechanisms by which noncoding RNAs influence chromosome biology and gene expression. This review focuses on some of the recent technological developments that have enabled the isolation of nascent transcripts and chromatin-associated and DNA-interacting RNAs. Coupled with emerging genome assembly and analytical approaches, the field is poised to achieve a comprehensive catalog of nuclear noncoding RNAs, including those derived from repetitive regions within eukaryotic genomes. Herein, particular attention is paid to the challenges and advances in the sequence analyses of repeat and transposable element–derived noncoding RNAs and in ascribing specific function(s) to such RNAs.
Utility of different dimensional properties of drinking practices to predict stable low-risk drinking outcomes of natural recovery attempts.

Abstract Background Functional measures indicating lower drinking problem severity predict stable low-risk drinking outcomes of recovery attempts, but findings for drinking practices are mixed. Because low-risk drinking outcomes are more common in natural than treatment-assisted recovery attempts, five studies of natural recovery attempts were integrated. Multiple dimensions of drinking practices during the year before recovery initiation were evaluated as predictors of post-recovery drinking (continuous abstinence, stable low-risk drinking, or unstable recovery involving relapse). Methods Community-dwelling problem drinkers (N = 616, 68% male, mean age = 46.5 years) were enrolled soon after stopping alcohol misuse and followed prospectively for one year. A Timeline Followback interview assessed daily drinking during the year before recovery initiation and yielded four dimensions for analysis: frequency of heavy drinking days (4+/5+ drinks for females/males), mean ethanol consumption per drinking day, variability in days between heavy drinking days, and variability in ethanol consumed per drinking day. Results Multinomial logistic regression models showed that variability in ethanol consumed per drinking day was the sole significant predictor of 1-year outcomes when all dimensions were evaluated together. The low-risk drinker group showed less fluctuation in quantities consumed on pre-recovery drinking days compared to the groups that abstained or relapsed (ps Conclusions Even when drinking heavily, problem drinkers who maintained low-risk drinking recoveries limited their quantities consumed within a relatively narrow range, a pattern they maintained post-recovery at much lower consumption levels. Assessing variability in quantities consumed may aid drinking goal selection.
Imaging appearance of cystic and solid mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis.

Abstract We present the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with a growing scrotal mass initially diagnosed as benign adenomatoid tumor on ultrasound 6 years prior. Repeat ultrasound showed an abnormal extra-testicular mass with nodular and cystic components and internal vascularity. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed a right extra-testicular scrotal mass with cystic and solid enhancing components. The patient underwent radical orchiectomy and postoperative pathology diagnosed mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis of the testis. Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis of the testis is an exceptionally rare disease. We discuss the risk factors, imaging features, and treatment strategies of the disease.
2 – Alternative Theorems

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on alternative theorems applicable to linear ordinary differential equations. It is often possible to determine when a linear ordinary differential equation has a unique solution. Also, when the solution is not unique, it is sometimes possible to describe the degrees of freedom that make it non-unique. Alternative theorems describe in some way, the type of solutions to expect from linear differential equations. The most common alternative theorems for differential equations were derived by Fredholm. The chapter analyzes the n-th order linear inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation with boundary conditions L[u] = f(x), and Bi[u] = 0, for i = 1, 2,., n, for u(x) on the interval x ∈ [a, b]. The chapter also analyzes the homogeneous equation and the adjoint homogeneous equation.
Citizen Journalism, Political Discussion, and Civic Participation: Testing a Moderating Role of Media Credibility and Collective Efficacy

This study proposes a moderated mediation model whereby the relationship between citizen journalism and civic participation through political discussion differs depending on the levels of media credibility and collective efficacy. Results from a national online panel survey indicate that political discussion mediates the relationship between citizen journalism and civic participation, with the magnitude of the relationship stronger for those who evaluate news media sites as more credible. Moreover, findings reveal that the positive relationship between political discussion and civic participation is stronger for those who have higher levels of collective efficacy. With these findings, the present study further discusses theoretical, practical, and policy implications.
Father-Child Attachment Relationships

Although a vast body of work has elucidated the correlates and consequences of mother-child attachment security, relatively less research has focused on the development of father-child attachment. This chapter summarizes the state of the literature on father-child attachment relationships. In particular, we document the parent, child, and socio-contextual predictors of father-child attachment quality, as well as the developmental implications of father-child attachment for children and fathers. We highlight both similarities and differences between mother-child and father-child attachment, as well as associations between father involvement and father-child attachment. Implications for future research and practice targeting early father-child relationships are discussed.
Probing magnetic exchange fields by quantum emitters in a gate-tunable WSe2/ferromagnet-coupled system

Solid-state quantum emitters can be used as nanoscale optical transducers in quantum metrology. Here, we present a technique to probe voltage controlled magnetic exchange fields with a quantum emitter embedded in a WSe2/ferromagnet heterostrucutre.
Attitude-intention consistency in the context of energy and water conservation: Examining the moderating role of vested interest

Guided by Crano’s vested interest theory (VIT), this study examined how vested interest moderated the relationship between individuals’ attitudes and intentions in the context of energy and water c...
A Snapshot of Social Risk Factors and Associations with Health Outcomes in a Community Sample of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) People in the U.S.

Social factors (e.g. housing, food security, etc.) contribute significantly to health. The purpose of this study is to describe social risk and social exclusion factors in one of the largest Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations in the U.S. and their association with health outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a community convenience sample of 412 adults who self-identify as MENA. Weighted, adjusted linear regression models were used to examine relationships of interest. Prevalent social risks included transportation barriers to healthcare (33%), food insecurity (33%), and financial strain (25%). In adjusted models, perception of being treated unfairly (Estimate (SE) 0.08 (0.04), p < 0.05) and fear of deportation (0.26 (0.06), p < 0.001) were associated with more social risk factors. More social risk factors were associated with worse self-reported health (0.09 (0.03), p < 0.01), more chronic conditions (0.11 (0.03), p < 0.004), and more mental health symptoms (0.34 (0.14) p < 0.01).Social risk is high among those perceiving unfairness and fear deportation. Those with more social risk factors reported worse health. These findings have implications for social needs screening and referral models that can best serve U.S. MENA sub-populations.
Can FinTech Reduce Disparities in Access to Finance? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program

New technology promises to expand the supply of financial services to small businesses poorly served by banks. Does it succeed? We study the response of FinTech to financial services demand created by the introduction of the Paycheck Protection Program. Fin-Tech is disproportionately used in ZIP codes with fewer bank branches, lower incomes, and more minority households, and in industries with fewer banking relationships. It is also greater in counties where the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were more severe. Substitution between FinTech and banks is economically small, implying that FinTech mostly expands, rather than redistributes, the supply of financial services.
Tools For impacting Student Well-Being In The Classroom

Location: JC Room B Navigating a fast-paced and complex world can strain student well-being given many of our studentsâ multifaceted lives (working, parenting, managing full course loads). This session is an opportunity for faculty to learn how to utilize evidence-based tools to make in-class time a valuable driver for student well-being. This highly interactive session will offer lessons on how to structure courses to incorporate well-being. The presenter will offer well-being resources such as guidelines, recommendations, and lessons learned from faculty at Mason and elsewhere. Data from a pre-post well-being competency used in academic courses that indicates studentsâ learning gains will be shared. This session will foster teaching collaboration as attendees will be encouraged to discuss their curricula and identify opportunities to embed well-being practices and/or content. The presenter will facilitate a dialogue on the realistic challenges to incorporating well-being into the classroom with the goal of helping faculty strategize ways to navigate those challenges.
End-to-End Simulation of a Folded Waveguide Traveling Wave Tube Using Impedance Matrices and Compass

Compass [1] is a new design environment for rapid prototyping. It marries rapid geometry modeling, using SolidWorks, with geometry based simulation software. Compass packages any command line based simulation software into a Compass module. Each module interacts with other modules and is reusable in other design flows.
A Queer Liberation Movement? A Qualitative Content Analysis of Queer Liberation Organizations, Investigating Whether They are Building a Separate Social Movement

In the last forty years, U.S. national and statewide LGBT organizations, in pursuit of “equality” through a limited and focused agenda, have made remarkably swift progress moving that agenda forward. However, their agenda has been frequently criticized as prioritizing the interests of White, middle-class gay men and lesbians and ignoring the needs of other LGBT people. In their shadows have emerged numerous grassroots organizations led by queer people of color, transgender people, and low-income LGBT people. These “queer liberation” groups have often been viewed as the left wing of the GRM, but have not been extensively studied. My research investigated how these grassroots liberation organizations can be understood in relation to the equality movement, and whether they actually comprise a separate movement operating alongside, but in tension with, the mainstream gay rights movement. This research used a qualitative content analysis, grounded in black feminism’s framework of intersectionality, queer theory, and social movement theories, to examine eight queer liberation organizations. Data streams included interviews with staff at each organization, organizational videos from each group, and the organizations’ mission statements. The study used deductive content analysis, informed by a predetermined categorization matrix drawn from social movement theories, and also featured inductive analysis to expand those categories throughout the analysis. This study’s findings indicate that a new social movement – distinct from the mainstream equality organizations – does exist. Using criteria informed by leading social movement theories, findings demonstrate that these organizations cannot be understood
Extending medical center computer application to rural health clinics

A paper entitled "A COMPUTER DATA BASE FOR CLINICIANS, MANAGERS AND RESEARCHERS," presented during the 1981 SCAMC, described the Salt Lake VA Medical Center computer system. Since that time, two Rural Health Clinics each about 150 miles from Salt Lake City were established by the SL VAMC to reduce traveling distances and improve services for Veterans. Although many existing computer applications were available with no modifications, additional software was needed to support unique needs of the clinics. The Rural Health package of software was designed to gather and store demographic and clinical information on each Veteran, determine the types of services provided, track services over time, monitor services provided by local hospitals and clinical laboratories which are paid for by the VA, determine total clinic costs, etc. These computer applications may be of interest to Medical Centers with separate clinics or outreach programs and individuals or groups in private practice with programs similar to the VA Rural Health Clinics.
Are Virtuous Choices Especially Valued Once Possessed

Recent research has found that indulgent choices are preferred over virtuous choices despite professed values to the contrary. In this experiment-based research we examine whether this prospective choice valuation is possibly reversed in hindsight. By using the endowment effect we find that those people having made virtuous choices value their choice significantly more than others’ their indulgent choice in retrospective. This finding is supported by 3 separate experimental studies with buyers (prospective) and sellers (retrospective) and points to interesting insights for decision making theory and ethics.
Effects of habitat map generalization in biodiversity assessment

Species richness is being mapped as part of an inventory of biological diversity in California (i.e., gap analysis). Species distributions are modeled with a GIS on the basis of maps of each species' preferred habitats. Species richness is then tallied in equal-area sampling units. A GIS sensitivity analysis examined the effects of the level of generalization of the habitat map on the predicted distribution of species richness in the southern Sierra Nevada. As the habitat map was generalized, the number of habitat types mapped within grid cells tended to decrease with a corresponding decline in numbers of species predicted. Further, the ranking of grid cells in order of predicted numbers of species changed dramatically between levels of generalization. Areas predicted to be of greatest conservation value on the basis of species richness may therefore be sensitive to GIS data resolution.
Electrokinetics of concentrated suspensions and porous media: I. Thin electrical double layers

Abstract This is a theoretical analysis of electrophoresis and electroosmosis of highly charged unconsolidated porous media (packed beds) or concentrated suspensions, taking into account particle-particle interactions by means of a unit cell model. A boundary layer method is used to derive an analytical expression for electrophoretic or electroosmotic mobility that is valid for thin electrical double layers. The effect of porosity on mobility is shown to be a zeroth order correction to the term that accounts for the relaxation effect. Even moderately concentrated suspensions are affected by this correction. The analysis reduces to the single sphere analysis of O'Brien and Hunter (Canad. J. Chem., 59, 1878 (1981)) when the porosity tends to unity and to the classical result of Smoluchowski (Z. Phys. Chem., 93, 129 (1913)) in the limit of very thin double layers for any porosity. In the second paper of this pair the restriction of a thin double layer is relaxed, and an alternate solution is developed.
Charge-carrier dynamics in polycrystalline thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 photovoltaic devices after pulsed laser excitation: Interface and space-charge region analysis

We used time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy to analyze time-domain and spectral-domain charge-carrier dynamics in CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) devices. This new approach allowed detailed characterization for the CIGS/CdS buffer interface and for the space-charge region. We find that dynamics at the interface is dominated by diffusion, where the diffusion rate is several times greater than the thermionic emission or interface recombination rate. In the space-charge region, the electric field of the pn junction has the largest effect on the carrier dynamics. Based on the minority-carrier (electron) drift-rate dependence on the electric field strength, we estimated drift mobility in compensated CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (with x ≈ 0.3) as 22 ± 2 cm2(Vs)−1. Analysis developed in this study could be applied to evaluate interface and junction properties of PV and other electronic devices. For CIGS PV devices, TRPL spectroscopy could contribute to understanding effects due to absorber compositional ...
Disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling by deletion of O-GlcNAcase (Oga/Mgea5) changed gene expression pattern in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells

Adding a single O-GlcNAc moiety to a Ser/Thr molecule of a protein by O-GlcNAc transferase and transiently removing it by O-GlcNAcase is referred to as O-GlcNAc cycling (or O-GlcNAcylation). This O-GlcNAc modification is sensitive to nutrient availability and also shows cross talk with phosphorylation signaling, affecting downstream targets. A mouse model system was developed and evaluated to show genome wide transcriptional changes associated with disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling. Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells derived from O-GlcNAcase (Oga) knock out (KO), heterozygous (Het) and wild type (WT) embryos were used for an Affymetrix based microarray. Results are deposited in GEO dataset GSE52721. Data reveals that Oga KO MEFs had 2534 transcripts differentially expressed at 1.5 fold level while Oga heterozygous MEFs had 959 transcripts changed compared to WT MEFs. There were 1835 transcripts differentially expressed at 1.5 fold Het versus WT comparison group. Gene ontology analysis indicated differentially expressed genes enriched in metabolic, growth, and cell proliferation categories.
Electron Microscopic Observations on the Effects of Penicillin on the Morphology of Chlamydia psittaci

L cells were infected at high multiplicity with meningopneumonitis organisms and incubated in medium containing 200 units per ml of penicillin. At intervals up to 48 hr after infection, cells were removed and thin sections were prepared for electron microscopic studies on the morphology of the developing organism. Penicillin had no effect on the initial reorganization of the infecting elementary body to form the developmental reticulate body (RB), and, up to 12 hr after infection, the treated and untreated cultures were identical. After that time, however, penicillin-treated organisms showed striking differences in that binary fission was prevented, large abnormal RB forms were seen in great numbers, masses of RB cytoplasmic membranes and envelopes were formed within and outside the RB itself, and large numbers of empty or partially filled small vesicles were pinched off the RB. After 36 hr immature nucleoids were formed within the RB. Throughout all of this period, both the outer cell envelope and the cytoplasmic membrane of these RB were recognized. When infected cells were transferred into penicillin-free medium, the abnormal RB showed recovery to form normal RB both by a budding-like process and by internal fragmentation or subdivision rather like endosporulation. We have concluded that penicillin inhibits binary fission and prevents the synthesis of certain components essential for the formation of the elementary body envelope.
Cyclooxygenase-2-Mediated Prostaglandin E2 Production in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and in Cultured Macrophages and Dendritic Cells after Infection with Salmonella

Although numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of intestinal epithelial cells to produce PGs after infection with wild-type strains of Salmonella, few studies have focused on Salmonella-induced prostanoids in mucosal lymphoid tissues. This is surprising in view of the profound effects PGs can have on the host response. To begin to address PG production at mucosal sites, mice were orally inoculated with Salmonella, and at varying times postinfection cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and PGE(2) synthesis were investigated. COX-2 mRNA expression was highly inducible in the mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas COX-1 mRNA levels were constitutive. PGE(2) production also increased significantly in the mesenteric lymph nodes following exposure to viable Salmonella, but not after exposure to killed bacteria. This increased PGE(2) response could be blocked by treatment of mice with the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib. Treatment of mice with celecoxib during salmonellosis resulted in increased viable bacteria in the mesenteric lymph nodes by day 3 postinfection. However, celecoxib treatment prolonged the survival of lethally infected animals. In vitro studies demonstrated Salmonella-induced up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE(2) secretion by both macrophages and dendritic cells, which could also be blocked in the presence of celecoxib. Interestingly, exposure of these cultured APCs to viable Salmonella was a much greater stimulus for induction of PGE(2) synthesis than exposure to Salmonella-derived LPS. The present study demonstrates induction of PGE(2) synthesis in mesenteric lymph nodes, macrophages, and dendritic cells after infection with wild-type salmonella.
Effects of computer use during coursework on computer aversion

Abstract To test the impact of computer experience on computer aversion, 1542 students, enrolled in 32 sections of an Introductory Psychology course utilizing a computerized tutorial program were surveyed. The 32 sections were also randomly assigned to three teaching formats that involved differing levels of computer tutorial usage. Measures of computer aversion, computer attitudes, and computer anxiety were administered three times during the course and analyzed to reveal differential change patterns stemming from courseware use which were based upon gender and preexisting computer anxiety levels. These observed changes are discussed in relation to students' reinforcement, efficacy, and outcome expectations from computer use.
Immune Cells in the Normal Ovary and Spontaneous Ovarian Tumors in the Laying Hen (Gallus domesticus) Model of Human Ovarian Cancer

Background Spontaneous ovarian cancer in chickens resembles human tumors both histologically and biochemically. The goal was to determine if there are differences in lymphocyte content between normal ovaries and ovarian tumors in chickens as a basis for further studies to understand the role of immunity in human ovarian cancer progression.
Electrolyte transport by gallbladders of rabbit and guinea pig: effect of amphotericin B and evidence of rheogenic Na transport.

Ion transport and electrical properties of rabbit and guinea pig gallbladders were investigated to gain further information about the active transport mechanism that mediates fluid absorption. The intracellular and transepithelial electrical potentials were measured simultaneously using the microelectrode technique. Exposure of the mucosal surface to Amphotericin B resulted in the prompt development of a serosa-positive electrical potential difference (PD) which could not be attributed to an alteration in ion diffusion potentials across either the cell membrane or across the tight junction. Because the Amphotericin B-inducedPD was immediately dependent on warm temperatures and O2, and was independent of NA and K concentration gradients across the cell membrane, it is suggested that active ion transport is directly responsible for thePD. Since thePD was abolished in the absence of Na in the bathing solutions, a rheogenic Na pump is postulated; this pump also appears to be operative in tissue not exposed to Amphotericin B. The specific tissue properties altered by Amphotericin B to produce a serosa-positivePD remain incompletely defined. The results of the present study indicate that ion transport by rabbit gallbladderin vitro is a consequence of a rheogenic active Na transport mechanism at the basolateral membranes which, in conjunction with a coupled NaCl influx process at the mucosal border, ultimately results in absorption of NaCl and water.
The Atmospheric Window, 16 to 24 Microns, and the Second Fundamental of Nitrous Oxide

Further investigation of the atmospheric window, 16-24 microns, has disclosed the presence of the second fundamental of nitrous oxide, centered at 17 microns. All three fundamentals of nitrous oxide have now been located in the telluric spectrum.
Optimized cassettes for fluorescent protein tagging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has become an increasingly popular protein tag for determining protein localization and abundance. With the availability of GFP variants with altered fluorescence spectra, as well as GFP homologues from other organisms, multi-colour fluorescence with protein tags is now possible, as is measuring protein interactions using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). We have created a set of yeast tagging vectors containing codon-optimized variants of GFP, CFP (cyan), YFP (yellow), and Sapphire (a UV-excitable GFP). These codon-optimized tags are twice as detectable as unoptimized tags. We have also created a tagging vector containing the monomeric DsRed construct tdimer2, which is up to 15-fold more detectable than tags currently in use. These tags significantly improve the detection limits for live-cell fluorescence imaging in yeast, and provide sufficient distinguishable fluorophores for four-colour imaging.
Cell death mechanisms in GT1-7 GnRH cells exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls PCB74, PCB118, and PCB153

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) causes functional deficits in neuroendocrine systems. We used an immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cell line, which synthesizes the neuroendocrine peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), to examine the neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects of PCBs and their mechanisms of action. Cells were treated for 1, 4, 8, or 24 h with a range of doses of a representative PCB from each of three classes: coplanar (2,4,4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl: PCB74), dioxin-like coplanar (2',3,4,4',5' pentachlorobiphenyl: PCB118), non-coplanar (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl: PCB153), or their combination. GnRH peptide concentrations, cell viability, apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and caspase activation were quantified. In general, GnRH peptide levels were suppressed by high doses and longer durations of PCBs, and elevated at low doses and shorter timepoints. The suppression of GnRH peptide levels was partially reversed in cultures co-treated with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. All PCBs reduced viability and increased both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Although the effects for the three classes of PCBs were often similar, subtle differences in responses, together with evidence that the combination of PCBs acted slightly different from individual PCBs, suggest that the three tested PCB compounds may act via slightly different or more than one mechanism. These results provide evidence that PCB congeners have endocrine disrupting and/or neurotoxic effects on the hypothalamic GnRH cell line, a finding that has implications for environmental endocrine disruption in animals.