cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NTRK fusions in lung cancer: From biology to therapy.

Abstract Fusions involving TRK protein tyrosine kinases are oncogenic drivers in a variety of tumors in children and adults, with a prevalence of ∼0.2% in non-small cell lung cancer. Diagnosis can be challenging due to structural features such as NTRK intron length, but next-generation sequencing (NGS), including RNA-based NGS, increases detection. The first-generation TRK inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, have demonstrated clinically meaningful antitumor activity in TRK fusion-positive cancers in a tumor-agnostic fashion and should be considered first-line therapeutic options for TRK fusion-positive lung cancers. Furthermore, the first-generation TRK inhibitors are well tolerated. Care should be taken, however, to monitor on-target adverse events, such as dizziness, weight gain, paresthesias, and withdrawal pain. On-target and off-target mechanisms mediating TRK inhibitor resistance may occur. Next-generation TRK inhibitors, such as selitrectinib, repotrectinib, and taletrectinib, are available on ongoing clinical trials and address on-target resistance. This review will focus on NTRK fusions and TRK-directed targeted therapy specifically in the context of lung cancer.
Labour demand in the time of post-COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the labour market in ways that have proved difficult for economists to predict. Early studies suggested that labour demand 'collapsed'. This initial forecast proved to be overly alarmist, due to the short-run view. We find that labour demand has rebounded sharply, though an aberration has appeared in recent months. Using what is believed to be a near-universe of online jobs postings, we demonstrate that while total job postings are up 43% from pre-pandemic levels, only one-tenth of that increase is driven by increases in new postings. This suggests that the growth in job postings in the labour market is being driven by jobs that are remaining unfilled. Labour force participation has dropped to levels not seen since the 1970s, while unemployment claims have mirrored other recent economic downturns. Combined, these two measures account for almost all the remaining jobs shed during the recent economic downturn. Analysing the characteristics of these job postings, we find a decrease in required skills and salary compared to the pre-pandemic periods. Individuals appear unwilling to re-enter the labour market, likely because of the quality of jobs currently available, leading to an overall labour shortage.
Pregnancy Weight Gain and Postpartum Weight Retention in Active Duty Military Women: Implications for Readiness.

Introduction Weight gain in pregnancy is expected; however, excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) can cause long-term changes to a patient's body mass index (BMI) and increase the risk for adverse health outcomes. This phenomenon is understudied in active duty military women, for whom excess weight gain poses challenges to readiness and fitness to serve. This study examines over 30,000 active duty military women with and without preeclampsia to assess changes in BMI postpartum. Materials and methods This is a retrospective analysis of claims data for active duty military women, aged 18-40 years, and experiencing pregnancy during fiscal years 2010-2014. Women with eating disorders, high-risk pregnancy conditions other than preeclampsia, scheduled high-risk medical interventions, or a second pregnancy within 18 months were excluded from the analysis. Height and weight were obtained from medical records and used to calculate BMI. Women with and without preeclampsia were categorized into BMI categories according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification of underweight (BMI 30.0). Linear regressions adjusted by age and race were performed to assess differences in prepregnancy weight and weight gain, retention, and change at 6 months postpartum. Results The greatest number of pregnant, active duty service women were found among ages 18-24 years, White race, Army service, junior enlisted rank, married status, and with no mental health diagnosis. Overall, over 50% of women in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies returned to their baseline BMI postpartum. Women in both populations more often gained than lost weight postpartum. Preeclampsia strongly affected weight retention, with 40.77% of overweight women and 5.33% of normal weight women progressing to postpartum obesity, versus 32.95% of overweight women and 2.61% of normal weight women in the main population. Mental health conditions were not associated with significant weight gain or PPWR. Women with cesarean deliveries gained more weight during pregnancy, had more PPWR, and lost more weight from third trimester to 6 months postpartum. Conclusions Most women remain in their baseline BMI category postpartum, suggesting that prepregnancy weight management is an opportunity to reduce excess PPWR. Other opportunities lie in readiness-focused weight management during prenatal visits and postpartum, especially for patients with preeclampsia and cesarean sections. However, concerns about weight management for readiness must be carefully balanced against the health of the individual service members.
Synthesis, Processing and Assembly

OTC protein is synthesized on free polysomes from its mRNA in the liver cytosoly(52) resulting in a 32 amino acid leader peptide and a 322 amino acid subunit called pOTC(6,53,54). As the nascent peptide of pOTC is released from the ribosome, it associates with several different molecular chaperones which bind the precursor and prevent its aggregation or irreversible folding. These include a heterodimeric protein termed mitochondrial import stimulating factor (MSF)(55,56), a constitutive heat shock cognate 70 protein (hsc70)(57), a human homolog of bacterial heat shock protein DnaJ called HSDJ which is farnesylated to become active(58) and a presequence binding factor (PBF)(59). This pOTC-chaperone complex acts as a transport particle and moves to the mitochondria, possibly along microtubules. MSF cleaves ATP and delivers pOTC to a group of Tom subunits (transport across the outer membrane) at translocation contact sites where the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes are in apposition(56,63) Polyamines may play a role in binding of pOTC to the outer membrane (61,62). The import receptor for pOTC-MSF is a Tom70-Tom37 complex and is transferred to Tom22-Tom20 subunits where it enters a protein channel made up of Tom subunits 40,38,7,6 and 5(56,63). A Tom34 may be a novel translocase in human mitochondria(64).
Chapter 6 Polyglycerophospholipids: phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the biochemistry of the polyglycerophospholipids, which include phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), and bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate (lysobisphosphatidic acid). Diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) was the first of the polyglycerophospholipids to be discovered. Diphosphatidylglycerol was isolated from lipid extracts of beef heart by solvent fractionation of the cadmium complexes of the phospholipids. A non-nitrogen containing phospholipid was isolated, which proved to be reactive in the Wasserman serological test for syphilis. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (lysobisphosphatidic acid) was isolated from pig lung. A total lipid extract of pig lung was prepared and fractionated the lipids by silicic acid column chromatography. After elution of neutral lipids with chloroform/methanol (98:2), it was found diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unknown lipid in successive fractions of chloroform/methanol (9:1). The unknown compound had an R F on silicic acid-impregnated paper and on thin layers of silica gel, which was greater than that of phosphatidylglycerol. The compound contained phosphorus, glycerol, and fatty acid esters in a ratio of 1:1.8:2.3 and yielded glycerophosphoglycerol as the water-soluble product of alkaline hydrolysis; treatment of the intact lipid with periodate did not result in production of formaldehyde, indicating the absence of adjacent free hydroxyl groups. Acetolysis of the intact phospholipid gave only one glyceroacetate derivative identified by thin-layer chromatography as diacetylmonoacylglycerol. This evidence established the compound as bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate.
Region Based Image Similarity Search Inspired by Text Search.

We present a novel technique for processing image similarity search by using an approach that takes inspiration from text retrieval techniques. In our approach images are indexed by using visual terms taken from a visual lexicon obtained clustering regions of images in the dataset. A weighting and matching schema is defined that allow effective image retrieval to be performed by using inverted files, thus requiring reduced storage space and achieving high ef-
Amino Acid Utilization by Alcaligenes viscolactis for Growth and Slime Production

Punch, J. D. (University of Minnesota, St. Paul), J. C. Olson, Jr., and J. V. Scaletti. Amino acid utilization by Alcaligenes viscolactis for growth and slime production. J. Bacteriol. 89:1521–1525. 1965.—The ability of Alcaligenes viscolactis to utilize amino acids in a basal salts solution (K2HPO4, KH2PO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, NaCl) was studied. Of 27 amino acids, only l-asparagine, l-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid, l-glutamine, l-proline, and l-tyrosine supported growth sufficient to give a viscous supernatant solution. l-Proline and l-tyrosine, singly or combined, fulfilled the carbon, nitrogen, and energy requirements for growth and slime production. None of eight inorganic nitrogenous compounds supported growth with lactose as the carbon source. The addition of l-asparagine, l-aspartic acid, or l-glutamine to l-tyrosine or l-proline, singly or combined, did not increase growth or slime production, indicating no nutritional interactions among these amino acids. Neither lactose nor glucose was found to be required or utilized by A. viscolactis in a medium containing basal salts, l-proline, l-tyrosine, and lactose or glucose. This was established by the fact that total carbohydrate and total reducing activity remained constant during growth and slime production.
Evaluation of Glider Coatings Against Biofouling for Improved Flight Performance

Abstract : Autonomous buoyancy-driven gliders are becoming an increasingly important platform for the Navy for semi-continuous oceanographic observations. These observations are central to enhancing ocean model forecasting, underwater communications, underwater imaging, and a host of other applications. In order to provide these functions, it is critical that the flight characteristics be maintained for duration, spatial coverage and navigation. Currently, a number of the glider systems in use suffer in flight performance from biofouling, and this problem is exacerbated if the vehicle spends more time near coastlines or near the surface where there is enhanced biological activity. Here, we propose to leverage an existing ONR biofouling program (Code 34) to examine and evaluate the coatings of the 3 glider types currently in use. These evaluations will be compared to each other as well as the nontoxic coatings being evaluated under the biofouling program. These results have the potential to significantly increase the endurance and performance of gliders with direct benefits to the Navy.
Alternative Basis for the Theory of Complex Spectra

A new method is given for deriving the angular factors of energy matrices in ${l}^{n}$ atomic configurations, and the need for coefficients of fractional parentage, Racah coefficients, algebraic formulas, and chain calculations is avoided. Instead, matrix elements are obtained directly by a comparatively simple digital counting procedure.
Expansion of the lamellar crystal lattice of aerosol OT upon the addition of water.

It is a well-known fact that some lamellar crystals, such as montmorillonite, graphite and haemoglobin1, swell reversibly upon the addition of water, the latter entering in small defined layers between the crystal planes. It is the purpose of this note to direct attention to some remarkable examples of such behaviour on a much more striking scale. These occur in liquid crystalline solutions of some detergents (anisotropic aqueous phases). In these, all the added water appears to enter the expanded lamellar lattice.
Pseudoelastic hysteresis models of shape-memory wires and effects on passive structural damping

Theoretical models of the behavior within the pseudoelastic hysteresis loop of shape memory alloys are presented. These models are considered in the analysis of the dynamic response of a cantilevered beam constrained by shape memory wires. Quantitative results of damping and shift in natural frequencies of the structure are presented, and the effect inner hysteresis loops have on structural dynamics are compared to those found experimentally. The results suggest the possibility of the existence of two trigger lines, one for loading and one for unloading, within the hysteresis loop, and a relationship between the trigger line angle and a maximum dissipation principle.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Correlation of transcriptomic responses and metal bioaccumulation in Mytilus edulis L. reveals early indicators of stress

Marine biomonitoring programs in the U.S. and Europe have historically relied on monitoring tissue concentrations of bivalves to monitor contaminant levels and ecosystem health. By integrating 'omic methods with these tissue residue approaches we can uncover mechanistic insight to link tissue concentrations to potential toxic effects. In an effort to identify novel biomarkers and better understand the molecular toxicology of metal bioaccumulation in bivalves, we exposed the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., to sub-lethal concentrations (0.54 μM) of cadmium, lead, and a Cd+Pb mixture. Metal concentrations were measured in gill tissues at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and increased linearly over the 4 week duration. In addition, there was evidence that Pb interfered with Cd uptake in the mixture treatment. Using a 3025 sequence microarray for M. edulis, we performed transcriptomic analysis, identifying 57 differentially expressed sequences. Hierarchical clustering of these sequences successfully distinguished the different treatment groups demonstrating that the expression profiles were reproducible among the treatments. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology terms identified several biological processes that were perturbed by the treatments, including nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic processes, mRNA metabolic processes, and response to stress. To identify transcripts whose expression level correlated with metal bioaccumulation, we performed Pearson correlation analysis. Several transcripts correlated with gill metal concentrations including mt10, mt20, and contig 48, an unknown transcript containing a wsc domain. In addition, three transcripts directly involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) were induced in the metal treatments at 2 weeks and were further up-regulated at 4 weeks. Overall, correlation of tissue concentrations and gene expression responses indicates that as mussels accumulate higher concentrations of metals, initial stress responses are mobilized to protect tissues. However, given the role of UPR in apoptosis, it serves as an early indicator of stress, which once overwhelmed will result in adverse physiological effects.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation times of water sorbed by proteins. Lysozyme and serum albumin.

Abstract Spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times have been measured for water sorbed by proteins as a function of temperature and of the amount of water on the surface. The relation between the two relaxation times is consistent with a motional relaxation process which is anisotropic. For lysozyme, the initial linear segment of the plot of T 2 versus coverage extrapolates to an amount of water corresponding approximately to one molecule per polar side chain group. For both lysozyme and bovine serum albumin, Arrhenius plots based on T 2 show two segments at higher surface coverages, the upper temperature range corresponding in slope to a very small or even negative apparent activation energy. This behavior may result from the transfer of protons between a tightly bound surface phase and a more liquid-like layer, or from a change in the structure of the protein.
IDSim: an extensible framework for Interoperable Distributed Simulation

We are developing an Interoperable Distributed Simulation (IDSim) framework that builds upon the Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) to provide distributed simulation services to federated simulators. OGSI and Web technology standards provide novel opportunities for a domain-independent, distributed simulation framework to support extensibility by users of the system. IDSim services can be extended through inheritance to add or extend operations tailored to the needs of specific simulation domains. XML-based documentation of simulation models allows the framework to operate upon the contents of shared events (e.g., content-based distribution). Additionally, exposure of the underlying framework through Grid Web Services Description Language (GWSDL) allows for tool-based extensibility; that is, tools can be developed to create and manage complex federations. This paper presents the design and architecture of IDSim with a focus on extensibility; other design concepts are presented where relevant.
Long-term Pulmonary Function After Living-donor Lobar Lung Transplantation in Adults

Background Living-donor lobar lung transplantation was developed as an alternative to cadaveric transplantation. However, whether two pulmonary lobes provide comparable intermediate and long-term pulmonary function to full-sized bilateral cadaveric grafts in adults is unknown. Methods An analysis of the pulmonary functions of 59 bilateral lobar and 43 bilateral cadaveric adult lung transplant recipients who survived more than 3 months after transplantation was performed. Results Mean follow-up was 3.8 ± 2.8 years. In lobar recipients, mean percent predicted forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second improved between 1 and 6 months after transplantation (42.5% ± 13.4% and 46.9% ± 14.0% at 1 month versus 63.6% ± 14.1% and 64.5% ± 13.7% at 6 months; p p p = 0.001 at both times); however, by 6 months after transplantation, these values were comparable and remained so throughout the follow-up period. In a subset of lobar and cadaveric recipients, maximal exercise, heart rate, peak oxygen consumption, anaerobic oxygen consumption threshold, and ability to maintain oxygen saturation were also comparable. Conclusions In those adult recipients surviving more than 3 months after transplantation, lobar lung transplantation provides comparable intermediate and long-term pulmonary function and exercise capacity to bilateral cadaveric lung transplantation.
A Computer Program for Approximating System Reliability

A computer program, which provides bounds for system reliability, is described. The algorithms are based on the concepts of success paths and cut sets. A listing of the elements in the system, their predecessors, and the probability of successful operation of each element are the inputs. The outputs are the success paths, the cut sets, and a series of upper and lower reliability bounds; these bounds converge to the reliability which would be calculated if all the terms in the model were evaluated. The algorithm for determining the cuts from the success paths is based on Boolean logic and is relatively simple to understand. Two examples are described, one of which is very simple and the computation can be done by hand, and a second for which there are 55 success paths and 10 cuts and thus machine computation is desirable.
From a black to a gray box ― a mass balance interpretation of pedogenesis

We utilize chemical elements as tracers in a mass balance analysis that provides functional relationships among soil chemical composition, bulk density, and volume change in relation to parent material. These analytical functions are based on the principle of conservation of mass and include a term quantifying mass flux into/out of the soil and between horizons. We apply the technique to the oldest member of a chronosequence developed on marine terraces in northern California. It is an Alfisol that evolved from beach sand to its present state — nearly one-third of its weight is composed of secondary clay minerals — in about 240 ky. Aside from large increases in organic carbon, desilication is the dominant factor in soil evolution; 29% (50.83 g cm−2) Si was leached from the beach sand during pedogenesis. The rate of desilication is roughly 2.1 t km−2 yr−1 (0.21 g cm−2 ky−1), an order of magnitude slower than that implied by the Si denudation rate calculated for the Mattole River watershed. Weathering of primary minerals and synthesis of secondary minerals is relatively well-advanced suggesting that the rate of desilication may be declining. The local beach is composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with smaller amounts of chlorite, mica, and kaolinite. The soil has substantially different mineralogy: sand is dominated by quartz, and clay is dominated by kaolinite/halloysite, chloritic intergrades, and gibbsite. Bases are also leached, though the total mass was much less; 57% (2.55 g cm−2) of Na in the beach sand was lost as plagioclase weathered. By focusing on elemental and mineralogical gains and losses, we emphasize the essential connection between the pedologic environment and the external hydrochemical environment.
Modulation of endothelial cell proliferation by retinoid x receptor agonists.

Abstract One feature that contraindicates the wide therapeutic use of natural retinoids is their adverse effects during systemic use and the lack of receptor selectivity. In contrast, synthetic retinoids are distinguishable from each other on the basis of their partial or exclusive preference in binding and activation of selective retinoid receptors. We examined the inhibitory activities of natural and synthetic retinoids for their ability to reverse basic fibroblast growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Both the naturally occurring retinoids at nanomolar concentrations reversed basic fibroblast growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Among the synthetic retinoids tested, retinoic acid receptor/retinoid x receptor pan-agonist AGN 191659 [(E)-5-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3, 5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphtyl) propen-1-yl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] and retinoid x receptor pan-agonist AGN 191701 [(E)-2-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3, 5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthyl) propen-1-yl]-4-thiophenecarboxylic acid] at nanomolar concentrations reversed the basic fibroblast growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Since none of the retinoic acid receptor agonists tested had any effect, the inhibitory effect of AGN 191659 could be attributed to its retinoid x receptor receptor activity. These results suggest that retinoid x receptor agonists may be more selective anti-angiogenic agents due to their ability to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation.
On the synthesis of space dependent transfer functions

A method to synthesize the space dependent transfer functions of a class of dynamic systems from the frequency response data is presented. The systems that give rise to space dependent transfer functions are those which may be represented by partial differential equations in which the space and time dependences of the dependent variables are not separable. The method consists of representing the system transfer function as a series of suitable space modes with frequency dependent coefficients. The resulting synthesis procedure is straightforward and is applicable to many practical cases of interest. The method is applicable to both minimum and nonminimum phase transfer functions.
Relationship between the lesser mealworm, fowl pox, and Newcastle disease virus in poultry.

Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) was investigated under laboratory conditions to determine its importance as a potential carrier of 2 avian viruses. The lesser mealworm, exposed to a medium contaminated with the fowl pox virus, ingested the virus within the 1st 6 h but retained it less than 7 days. Artificially infected lesser mealworms transferred fowl pox virus through their excrement into a noncontaminated medium within the 1st 6 h. The virus failed to multiply inside the lesser mealworms. All attempts to recover the Newcastle disease virus from the lesser mealworm were unsuccessful with the exception of adult beetles fed on highly infected chorioallantoic membranes. The toxicity of a bacterial-free suspension of the lesser mealworm on the Newcastle disease virus was demonstrated.
Induction of the Chlamydia muridarum Stress/Persistence Response Increases Azithromycin Treatment Failure in a Murine Model of Infection

Viable but noninfectious (stressed/persistent) chlamydiae are more resistant to azithromycin (AZM) in culture than are organisms in the normal developmental cycle. Chlamydia muridarum-infected mice were exposed to amoxicillin to induce the organisms to enter the persistent/stressed state and subsequently treated with AZM. AZM treatment failure was observed in 22% of persistently infected mice, with an average of 321,667 inclusion-forming units (IFU) shed after AZM treatment. Productively infected mice had a 9% rate of AZM treatment failure and shed an average of 12,083 IFU. These data suggest that stressed chlamydiae are more resistant to frontline antichlamydial drugs in vivo.
Canopy and Edge Activity of Bats in a Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Forest

Characteristics of edges affect the behavior of species that are active in and near edges. Forest canopies may pro- vide edge-like habitat for bats, though bat response to edge orientation has not been well examined. We sampled bat activity in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest canopies and edges in Heber Valley, Utah, during summer 2009 using Anabat detectors. Categorization and regression tree (CART) analysis of echolocation characteristics (e.g., frequency, dura- tion) identified two guilds based on characteristic frequency (i.e., high- and low-frequency guilds). We used linear regression to compare characteristics of canopy and edge vegetation (e.g., tree height, diameter at breast height) to bat activity levels. Activity levels of high-frequency bats did not respond differentially to edge vegetation; low-frequency bat activity seemed to respond to canopy height. Activity levels of high-frequency bats were significantly greater than low-frequency bats in both edges and canopies. We detected significantly more bat activity in forest edges than in forest canopies, indicating the impor- tance of edges to bats in forests.
The real options effect of uncertainty oninvestment and labor demand

This paper shows that, contrary to common beliefs, the real options effect of uncertainty plays no role in the long run rate of investment. This is proven for both the standard investment model with Cobb-Douglas production and Brownian motion demand, and also for a broader class of models with multiple lines of capital, labor and general demand stochastics. Real options and irreversibility, however, are shown to play an important role in the short run dynamics of investment and labor demand. Specifically, they reduce the short run response of investment and hiring to current demand shocks, and lead to a lagged response to past demand shocks.
Initial experiences with grid-based volume visualization of fluid flow simulations on PC clusters

Over the last 18 months, our team at the Laboratory for Computational Science & Engineering (LCSE) at the University of Minnesota has been moving our data analysis and visualization applications from small clusters of PCs within our lab to a Grid-based approach using multiple PC clusters with dynamically varying availability. Under support from an NSF CISE Research Resources grant, we have outfitted 52 Dell PCs in a student lab in our building that is operated by the University's Academic and Distributed Computing Services (ADCS) organization. This PC cluster supplements another PC cluster of 10 machines in our lab. As the students gradually leave this ADCS lab after 10 PM, the PCs are rebooted into an operating system image that sees the 400 GB disk subsystems we have installed on them and communicates with a central, 32-processor Unisys ES-7000 machine in our lab. The ES-7000 hosts databases that coordinate the work of these 52 PCs along with that of 10 additional Dell PCs in our lab that drive our PowerWall display. This equipment forms a local Grid that we coordinate to analyze and visualize data generated on remote clusters at NCSA. The PCs of the student lab offer a 20 TB pool of disk storage for our simulation data as well as a large movie rendering capability with their Nvidia graphics engines. However, these machines do not become available to us in force until after about 1 AM. This fact has forced us to automate our visualization process to an unusual degree. It has also forced us to address problems of security and run error diagnosis that we could easily avoid in a more standard environment. In this paper we report our methods of addressing these challenges and describe the software tools that we have developed and made available for this purpose on our Web site, www.lcse.umn.edu. We also report our experience in using this system to visualize 1.4 TB of vorticity volumetric data from a recent simulation of homogeneous, compressible turbulence with our PPM code. This code was run on the NSF TeraGrid cluster at NCSA, and the data was transported to our lab at 8 MB/sec over the Internet using the same ipRIO software that we developed to move this data around within our own environment. The move visualizations generated on the ADCS PCs overnight are viewed on the LCSE 10-panel, 13 Mpixel PowerWall the next day. Smaller trial movies can be generated on the small PC cluster in our lab before submitting an overnight large movie request.
Localization With Limited Sensing

Localization is a fundamental problem for many kinds of mobile robots. Sensor systems of varying ability have been proposed and successfully used to solve the problem. This paper probes the lower limits of this range by describing three extremely simple robot models and addresses the active localization problem for each. The robot, whose configuration is composed of its position and orientation, moves in a fully-known, simply connected polygonal environment. We pose the localization task as a planning problem in the robot's information space, which encapsulates the uncertainty in the robot's configuration. We consider robots equipped with: 1) angular and linear odometers; 2) a compass and contact sensor and; 3) an angular odometer and contact sensor. We present localization algorithms for models 1 and 2 and show that no algorithm exists for model 3. An implementation with simulation examples is presented.
Extracting Energy from Accretion into a Kerr Black Hole.

The highest efficiency of converting rest mass into energy by accreting matter into a Kerr black hole is ~31% (Thorne 1974). We propose a new process in which periods of accretion from a thin disk, and the associated spin-up of the black hole, alternate with the periods of no accretion and magnetic transfer of energy from the black hole to the disk. These cycles can repeat indefinitely, at least in principle, with the black hole mass increasing by ~66% per cycle and up to ~43% of accreted rest mass radiated away by the disk.
The Deuterium Balance of Lake Maracaibo1

A balance sheet for the gains and losses of deuterium from Lake Maracaibo, using estimates based on climatological data for the exchanges of water and measurements of the deuterium content of lake water, rainfall, river flow, and Caribbean Sea water to obtain the volumes of the deuterium exchange, indicates that the relations are qualitatively satisfactory, although not numerically exact. The concentration of deuterium, present chiefly as HDO, differs in various natural waters (Friedman 1953). Deuterium consequently promises to provide a tracer useful in the study of the water cycle of the earth. The differences are presumed to arise from the different vapor pressures of Hz0 and HDO which cause fractionation when natural waters evaporate, from the differential behavior of these water substances in the condensation of rain or snow, and from the mixing of waters of different deuterium content in the sea or elsewhere. Lake Maracaibo provides a favorable situation in which to compare the deuterium content of the intercommunicating waters and thus to examine the theory of the physical relations responsible for the deuterium cycle in nature. The lake lies in a watershed sharply delineated by mountains, its hydrography is adequately known, 1 Contribution Number 867 from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Publication authorized by the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. water balance has been deduced from analysis of the climatological data, and analyses of the deuterium content of samples of the natural waters involved have been made. The combined data available from these sources permit a tentative balance sheet to be drawn for the lake, and thus permit a critical scrutiny of the factors on which the balance seems to depend. The hydrography has been studied by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, working under contract with the Creole Petroleum Corporation. This study confirms and extends the earlier observations of Gessner (1953). The climatological data have been analyzed by Carter, employing methods outlined by Thornthwaite (1948)) to obtain estimates of the mean annual runoff from the watershed, rainfall on the lake, and evaporation from its surface. Consideration of the salt content of lake water allowed the water balance to be completed by the addition of estimates of the inflow of sea water and the outflow of lake water into the Caribbean Sea. Deuterium
Abdominal aortic and multiple iliac aneurysms associated with crossed-fused ectopia of the kidney: A case report and review

Abstract We report the first case of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with crossed-fused ectopia of the kidney. This is the second most common fusion defect of the kidney with an incidence in the general population of 1 in 1000. The different types of crossed renal ectopia with and without fusion are described. The renal artery anomalies associated with crossed renal ectopia are emphasized. Abdominal ultrasonography or CT scanning must be used to uncover renal anomalies before surgery so that a selective preoperative aortogram can be obtained to determine the location of the arterial supply to the kidneys. (J Vasc Surg 1988;8:172–6.)
Can casino gaming be used to maximize the benefits for tourism destinations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the contribution made by this theme issue to the question: can casino gaming be used to maximize the benefits for tourism destinations?Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews some of the key contributions arising from this theme issue.Findings – If properly structured gaming can provide benefits for tourism destinations.Practical implications – There are many stakeholders involved in the provision of alcoholic beverages and suppliers, vendors, licensees, regulators, and other agencies will need to work closely together in order to limit what is viewed by many as an escalating problem.Originality/value – The paper provides insight into the gaming industry with a focus on minimizing the social costs and maximizing the economic benefits of gaming.
RADII OF MIRROR NUCLEI

A nuclear model is used in which the nucleon density is a constant out to the core radius $R$ and then decreases as $\frac{{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}r}}{{r}^{2}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}=\frac{8MW}{{\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}}$, in which $W$ is taken as the average binding energy per nucleon. Values of $R$ are determined from the measured energy differences between mirror nuclei by calculating the Coulomb energy difference on the above model. If one assumes that the density of the core is constant with changing $A$, then $R=\frac{1.36\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}}{{(1+\frac{3}{\ensuremath{\alpha}R})}^{\frac{1}{3}}}$ and fits the data well. This also gives values of nuclear radii in agreement with those obtained from the recent electron scattering measurements of Lyman, Hanson, and Scott even for large $A$. For light elements, a good approximation to the average nuclear radius, $R+\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, is $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}$. Nearly half of the nucleons are in the exponential tail.
"Race matters" in the Obama Era

Barack Obama's improbable journey from Illinois State Senator to President of the United States of America has been documented through an abundance of national and international media outlets. The ...
Variability and symmetry of gait in early walkers with and without bilateral cerebral palsy.

Abstract Purpose Investigating gait characteristics during the early stages of walking in CP may contribute to the understanding of the development of impaired gait. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the variability and symmetry of spatiotemporal gait characteristics during the early years of walking in children with bilateral spastic CP compared to children with similar amounts of walking experience and typical development (TD). Methods The spatiotemporal gait parameters of 31 children (15 with spastic CP, 16 with TD) who had an average of 28.5 (18.1 SD) months of walking experience were collected using an instrumented walkway. Results All primary spatiotemporal parameters were reduced in the CP group, who also demonstrated greater stride-to-stride variability, compared to the TD group. There were no statistically significant differences in side-to-side symmetry between groups. Implications Clinical trials investigating gait interventions during the early years of walking in children with CP should be conducted to determine if treatment can reduce the functional limitations that are present during the emergence of walking skills. Further investigation should examine variability and symmetry in the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity patterns of early walkers with CP, and the effect of treatment on the variability and symmetry of walking characteristics.
Optical properties of ZnSe and its modeling.

Spectral data for a ZnSe film grown on GaAs(100) are obtained at room temperature by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the photon energy range between 1.5 eV and 6 eV in steps of 5 meV. The optical dielectric function for bulk ZnSe is successfully extracted from the spectral data utilizing a multilayer analysis. The resultant data are better than previous data in that (1) the real part of the dielectric function below the band gap decreases smoothly following closely Marple's data obtained by the beam deviation method, which is more reliable than SE in this energy range, (2) the data reveal four distinctive critical point structures at ${\mathit{E}}_{0}$, ${\mathit{E}}_{0}$+${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{0}$, ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$, and ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$+${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{1}$, as is expected from the band structure, and (3) the maximum value of the imaginary part of the dielectric function in the ${\mathit{E}}_{1}$ region is highest among the reported data. The resultant data are expressed as a function of critical-point parameters and photon energies using our model, which is more generally valid than other models. This enables us to calculate the optical dielectric function not only over the entire photon energy range of the given spectral data, but also below and somewhat above the given spectral range. The excitonic effects apparently present in the spectral data are incorporated in our model. This enables us to determine excitonic parameters. The excitonic binding energy at ${\mathit{E}}_{0}$ is found to be 13 meV at room temperature. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The localization of myosin and paramyosin in the myofilaments of the byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis.

Abstract Glycerinated fibers of the byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis were extracted under various conditions of pH and ionic strength. The results indicate that in the myofilaments, the myosin forms an outer layer of fine filaments surrounding the paramyosin core. Consequently, only after removing the myosin could the paramyosin be extracted. After extraction of myosin and paramyosin, a periodic “beaded” structure of 740 A spacing was left in place of the myofilaments. These “beads” resisted extraction in everything but 8 M urea. It is not known at this point what the nature and function of this structure is.
Electromodulated doping of the hole transport layer in a small molecule organic light-emitting diode

Electromodulation spectroscopy has been used to probe the effect of a polymer hole injection layer on electric fields and charge injection in vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diodes. The electromodulation spectrum consists of electroabsorption of the transport layers and excited state absorption of trapped cations in the hole transport layer. Field-dependent modulation of trapped charge at the interface between the injection and transport layers substantially modifies the electric field distribution within the device. In reverse bias, the electric field strength is suppressed within the hole transport layer and concentrated in the electron transport layer. In forward bias, field-dependent doping of the hole transport layer dominates the electromodulation spectrum. The field-dependent trap density is calculated to be of order 1013 cm−2, equivalent to μC/cm2 charge density. The built-in potential is estimated to be between 2.2 and 2.5 V, consistent with low carrier injection barriers.
Developmental patterns in rat brain of phosphatidylinositol synthetic enzymes and phosphatidylinositol transfer protein.

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol synthetic and intermembrane transfer activities were studied in rat in the developing whole brain and isolated cerebellum. Specific activities of CTP: phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase and CDPdiacylglycerol: inositol phosphatidyltransferase were found to have similar developmental patterns. Levels of phosphatidyltransferase seen in fetal animals (whole brain only) and neonatal (whole brain and cerebellum) were maintained through approximately postnatal day 15, peaked at day 28, and then declined to somewhat higher than fetal levels at day 60. Cytidylyltransferase activity varied from the phosphatidylinositol synthesizing enzyme in that specific activity continued to increase up to day 60. Whole brain phosphatidylinositol transfer specific activity showed a sharp peak at postnatal day 9 after which activity was maintained at or above the fetal levels to day 60. Cerebellum phosphatidylinositol transfer specific activity had a similar peak which was delayed 7–10 days compared to the whole brain. Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein was also determined immunologically: whole brain levels increased dramatically from fetal day 16 to 18 and then remained relatively constant, while cerebellum levels (measured from postnatal day 7) displayed a variable profile between days 7 and 28. The developmental pattern of CTP: phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase in rat brain is reported here for the first time.
Current decay and temperatures during superconducting magnet coil quench

Abstract A small superconducting magnet coil, 16.39 cm outer diameter and 7.62 cm inner diameter, has been quenched to determine the rate of decay of current in the coil and to measure the temperatures in the coil induced by the quench. The measured current decay and the temperatures have been compared with the theoretical predictions obtained by using a control volume-finite difference numerical scheme developed by us. Two sets of experiments have been performed: the first set results in a two-dimensional quench propagation, while the second one results in three-dimensional quench propagation through the coil. The results of the experiment agree closely with those of the predictions indicating that the techniques used for the experimental observations and numerical modelling are sound and are applicable to the study of large magnet coils as well.
The embryonic stem cell transcription factors Oct-4 and FoxD3 interact to regulate endodermal-specific promoter expression

The POU homeodomain protein Oct-4 and the Forkhead Box protein FoxD3 (previously Genesis) are transcriptional regulators expressed in embryonic stem cells. Down-regulation of Oct-4 during gastrulation is essential for proper endoderm development. After gastrulation, FoxD3 is generally down-regulated during early endoderm formation, although it specifically remains expressed in the embryonic neural crest. In these studies, we have found that Oct-4 and FoxD3 can bind to identical regulatory DNA sequences. In addition, Oct-4 physically interacted with the FoxD3 DNA-binding domain. Cotransfection of Oct-4 and FoxD3 expression vectors activated the osteopontin enhancer, which is expressed in totipotent embryonic stem cells. FoxA1 and FoxA2 (previously HNF-3α and HNF-3β) are Forkhead Box transcription factors that participate in liver and lung formation from foregut endoderm. Although FoxD3 activated the FoxA1 and FoxA2 promoters, Oct-4 inhibited FoxD3 activation of the FoxA1 and FoxA2 endodermal promoters. These data indicate that Oct-4 functions as a corepressor of FoxD3 to provide embryonic lineage-specific transcriptional regulatory activity to maintain appropriate developmental timing.
Shear Stress at a Compliant Model of the Human Carotid Bifurcation

To investigate the role of a compliant wall to the near wall hemodynamic flowfield, two models of the carotid bifurcation were constructed. Both were of identical internal geometries, however, one was made of compliant material which produced approximately the same degree of wall motion as that occurring in vivo while the other one was rigid. The inner geometries were formed from the same mold so that the configurations are directly comparable. Each model was placed in a pulsatile flow system that produced a physiologic flow waveform. Velocity was measured with a single component Laser system and wall shear rate was estimated from near wall data. Wall motion in the compliant model was measured by a wall motion transducer and the maximum diameter change varied between 4-7 percent in the model with the greatest change at the axis intersection. The mean shear stress in the compliant model was observed to be smaller by about 30 percent at most locations. The variation in peak shear stress was greater and occasionally reached as much as 100 percent with the compliant model consistently having smaller positive and negative peaks. The separation point was seen to move further upstream in the compliant cast. The modified flowfield in the presence of a compliant wall can then be important in the hemodynamic theory of atherogenesis.