cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substrate phosphoprotein availability regulates eclosion hormone sensitivity in an insect CNS.

The final step in the moulting of all insects is ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle of the previous instar, which is triggered in Lepidop-tera by the neurosecretory peptide eclosion hormone1. This hormone acts directly on the nervous system to release the appropriate motor patterns for larval, pupal and adult ecdyses2–5, but there are only brief periods near the end of each moult when the nervous system is competent to respond to the hormone. Previous experiments have shown that the action of eclosion hormone on the nervous system at pupal ecdysis in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, is mediated by the second messenger cyclic GMP1. Here we report that the hormone-stimulated increase in cGMP results in the phosphorylation of two proteins, each with an apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) of 54,000. Moreover, the brief periods during which the central nervous system (CNS) is responsive to eclosion hormone seem to result from the transient presence of these substrate proteins within the nervous system. This provides a novel mechanism by which hormonal responsiveness can be regulated.
Computation of the Space Shuttle solid rocket booster nozzle start-up transient flow

The first NASA Space Shuttle flight (STS-1) produced an overpressure wave that exceeded preflight predictions by as much as 5 to 1. This second overpressure wave occurred just after the solid rocket booster (SRB) igniter wave. To understand this overpressure phenomenon, a numerical simulation effort was undertaken. Both the SRB static firing test and STS-1 geometries were studied for two-dimensional, inviscid and viscous flow. The inviscid calculations did not produce significant second overpressure waves. However, the viscous calculations did produce second overpressure waves that qualitatively agree with experiment. These overpressure waves were present in both the static firing test and STS-1 geometries. This second overpressure wave is generated by the motion of the boundary layer separation point and the subsequent radial motion of the exhaust jet during the start-up of the SRB nozzle flow. The presence of the mobile launch platform exhaust hole wale amplifies this wave, but does not appear to be the source of any additional overpressure waves. The lack of good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment indicates that other overpressure sources, not accounted for by this simulation, may be present.
Stacking Diverse Models to Achieve Reliable Error Response Distributions

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be useful for modeling real- world processes such as time series weather, financial, or chaotic data. The generalization and robustness of these models can be improved, and estimates of the modeling error distributions can be made, using a technique called Stacked Generalization (SG). SG uses a number of diverse models, each of which is trained and queried on independent cross validation subsets of the process data. The models are then combined in the stacking process to provide error estimates and improved accuracy. These improvements depend on the individual model response diversity between networks. Modified Series Association (MSA), an extension to SG, presents the various models with different input subspaces from the raw data as a catalyst for increased diversity. Model diversity is formulated, and an alternative model combination approach is derived from it, called Diversified Committee Machines (DCM). A framework for quantifying error estimation reliability is...
Participatory research in agroforestry: learning from experience and expanding our repertoire

Participation has been widely touted as “the answer” to a number of problems facing agroforestry research programs. It is not enough, however, to involve rural people as workers and informants in research endeavors defined by outsiders. A truly collaborative approach will depend upon our ability to broaden our definitions of research and participation, to accommodate a wide spectrum of land users and local knowledge, and to expand our repertoire of research methods. This paper presents a critique of facile approaches to participation, outlines a more inclusive framework for who participates on what terms, and reviews a variety of methods that address the complex realities of rural life and landscapes. The final section of the paper suggest a multi-institutional model that combines the complementary strengths of several types of organizations in participatory field research.
Further evidence of impacts of large-scale wind farms on land surface temperature

Abstract Large wind farms are power plants that generate clean energy from a renewable source. They are increasingly being installed and operated to replace and complement fossil fuel power plants in an effort to help reduce greenhouse and other pollutant emissions (American Wind Energy Association, 2012 [1] ; American Wind Energy Association, 2011 [2] ; Global Wind Energy Council, 2011 [3] ; US Department of Energy, 2008 [4] ; Wiser et al., 2007 [5] ). Wind energy can have a positive economic impact and numerous locations on the planet are good candidates for wind energy production. Any direct environmental impact of large-scale wind farms needs to be investigated because it could impact agriculture, economics, health, society, and technology. A recent study showed that surface temperature is observed to increase directly downwind of large wind farms [6] . This research, performed concurrently, shows that similar and complementary results are obtained for a different location, and using remotely sensed temperature data obtained from a different satellite, at higher resolution and for a longer time span. Satellite remote sensing observations from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper are used to study temperature changes over the San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm from 1984 to 2011, with a pixel resolution of 120 m. A warming trend is consistently observed downwind of the wind farm.
Fatal epstein-barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome

A VIRUS-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME characterized by high fever, severe constitutional symptoms, abnormal liver function and coagulation, peripheral blood cytopenias, and histiocytic hyperplasia with prominent hemophagocytosis in marrow and lymph nodes has recently been reported and descriptively named "virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. TM The present report represents the second case of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a previously healthy individual, and extends previous clinical observations by demonstrating marrow hypercellularity and high reticulocyte counts in the presence of pancytopenia. CASE REPORT
Ependymoblastoma. A reappraisal of a rare embryonal tumor

This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of 12 ependymoblastomas, including those of 7 previously unreported cases. The histologic characteristics included a high density of small to medium-sized neuroepithelial cells with a uniform cytologic appearance, frequent mitotic figures, and numerous diagnostic ependymal rosettes and tubules. Differentiation was restricted to glial precursor cells and to cells with the differentiating features of ependymal cells. Cytogenetically, the tumor cells with the differentiating hallmarks of ependymal cells but which have retained their mitotic activity were considered to be ependymoblasts. Many of the rosettes in the tumors were of the ependymoblastic type, but ependymal rosettes were also present. The absence of pleomorphism, giant cells, multinucleation and pseudopalisades, and the scanty proliferation of vascular endothelial cells are additional features that delineate this tumor from an anaplastic (malignant) ependymoma. The median age of the patients was 2 years. After surgical treatment the median survival time was 12 months. Because of the frequency of leptomeningeal involvement, whole neuraxis radiation should be considered.
BUBBLE BREAKUP AND COALESCENCE IN TURBULENT GAS-LIQUID DISPERSIONS

Theoretical models are proposed to describe bubble breakup and coalescence in a turbulent gas-liquid dispersion. The first model, which is mainly based on probablistic theory, gives reasonable prediction of bubble breakage frequency in terms of the liquid density, interfacial tension, bubble diameter, and the turbulent energy dissipation rate. The second model predicts the binary bubble coalescence frequency as a function of the liquid viscosity, interfacial tension, bubble diameter, turbulent energy dissipation rate, and the surface immobility parameter. Favorable agreement between the breakage and coalescence models and the experimental evidence indicates that these models could be used to predict dispersion properties such as bubble size distributions and interfacial areas.
Sensitized guinea-pig lung: Altered adenylate cyclase stimulation by epinephrine

Abstract Adenylate cyclase (AC) was measured in healthy and sensitized quinea-pig lungs. Basal activities were 24.49 ± 2.50 and 26.73 ± 3.03 pmols cyclic AMP mg protein/minute, respectively. NaF produced about threefold activity increase in both groups. Low concentrations of epinephrine (EPI) 10 −9 − 10 −6 M, maximally stimulated the enzyme in sensitized lungs. In contrast, these concentrations had no effect in healthy lungs. Higher EPI concentrations, 10 −5 − 10 −2 M, while progressively stimulating less the AC in sensitized lungs, increased the response in the healthy lungs. The maximal increase in AC activity, about 200%, was achieved with 10 −6 and 10 −3 M EPI in sensitized and healthy lungs, respectively. Propranolol blocked the effect of EPI in both groups. The results indicate that sensitization altered the AC system in guinea-pig lungs.
A genetic algorithm for designing constellations with low error floors

The error floor of bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) can be minimized for a particular constellation by maximizing the harmonic mean of the squared-Euclidian distances of signals whose labels differ in just one bit position. This problem has been formulated as an instance of the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) and solved using the Reactive Tabu Search (RTS). In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm for solving the symbol labeling problem and show that it usually yields designs that are isomorphic to those obtained using RTS. We then extend the algorithm to optimize not only the labelings of the signal points, but also their location in the signal space. Using this approach, new constellations of cardinality 16, 32, and 64 are evolved that have an error floor lower than that of QAM or PSK modulation. The new constellations exhibit gains of 1.32 and 0.88 dB over the best 16-QAM and 64-QAM constellations reported previously.
Stability of lactoferrin in stored human milk.

Lactoferrin from human milk (HM) provides antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action in the neonatal intestine. HM-fed, critically ill neonates often receive previously frozen milk. Freezing is known to have deleterious effects on proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low temperature storage of HM on the concentration of lactoferrin. HM samples were collected and stored for different periods of time and at different temperatures per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Lactoferrin concentrations following freezing were compared with that in fresh HM. Lactoferrin concentrations in refrigerated HM samples were stable for 5 days. After 3 months at −18 to −20 C, the average decrease was 37%. Following storage for 6 months at −20 °C, lactoferrin decreased to 46%. Five-day refrigeration of HM does not appreciably decrease lactoferrin levels. Freezing HM for 3 months or more significantly lowers lactoferrin levels. There may be a role for occasionally providing fresh HM to critically ill neonates.
1014. Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in Renal Mesangial Cells by Transcription Factors Sp1 and CREB

We have previously demonstrated that high glucose, glucosamine and growth factors increase extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis, such as laminin and fibronectin, in renal mesangial cells and that the transcription factor cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) binding protein CREB may participate in their expression. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of ECM gene regulation in mesangial cells still remains unknown. Laminin g1 and fibronectin genes are known to contain GC and CRE cis-elements in their promoters. In this study, we investigate the role of GC binding transcription factor Sp1 and CREB in ECM gene expression using laminin g1 promoter reporter (LAMC1-Luciferase) and CRE-SEAP (secretary alkaline phosphatase) plasmids, and their potential involvement in laminin g1 and fibronectin mRNA expression. In a double-transfection experiment using the LAMC1-Luciferase and pcDNA-Sp1 vectors, we observe that Sp1 expression increases luciferase activity 4.0-fold in 24 h when compared to pcDNA3.1 controls. On the other hand, siRNA silencers targeted against Sp1 significantly reduces LAMC1-luciferase activity (2.5-fold) against the control. Similarly, transient expression of the pcDNA-CREB vector in CRE-SEAP transfected mesangial cells induces the SEAP activity in the culture medium 1.5-fold when compared to pcDNA3.1 controls while transfection of a dominant negative K-CREB plasmid inhibits CRE-SEAP activity significantly (2-fold versus the control). In addition, we found that CREB overexpression increases laminin g1 and fibronectin mRNA levels 3.2- and 1.9- fold against respective controls as revealed by real-time quantitative PCR while the expression of K-CREB reduces the level of both mRNAs. Furthermore, treatment of mesangial cells for 48 h with high glucose (25 mM), glucosamine (1.5 mM) or with IGF-1 (100 ng/ml for 2 h) increases the expression of laminin g1 and fibronectin messages in mesangial cells significantly, and K-CREB completely impedes their effects. These results suggest that transcription factors Sp1 and CREB are involved in the regulation of ECM gene expression in renal mesangial cells and that they may participate in ECM accumulation and basement membrane thickening in the diabetic kidney. The materials and methods developed in this study may provide a platform for a potential gene therapy of diabetes and other renal diseases in the future.
Challenges remain in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset bipolar disorder

Parents will often come into my consultation office bringing videotapes of their children; not the happy home movies of childhood, but videos of their child’s worst moments. Often the youngster is screaming, thrashing and crying.
Identification of a protein component of the antimycin — Binding site of the respiratory chain by photoaffinity labeling

Abstract Deformamido azido antimycin A (DAA) 3 was synthesized and was found to resemble its parent compound, antimycin A, in its inhibitory effects on Complex III, with the exception that its effects were freely reversible with dilution. However, exposure to ultraviolet light converted the effects of DAA from reversible to irreversible, indicating formation of a covalent linkage between DAA and the antimycin site of Complex III. After treatment of Complex III with tritium-labeled DAA followed by gel electrophoresis in a solvent system of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), DAA 3H was found to be associated with a single protein component distinct from the previously characterized components of the complex. The molecular weight of the DAA-labeled protein is approximately 11,500 g-mol−1 as estimated from its electrophoretic mobility in the SDS-polyacrylamide gel system.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in white adipose tissue

Although mitochondria in brown adipose tissue and their role in non-shivering thermogenesis have been widely studied, we have only a limited understanding of the relevance of mitochondria in white adipose tissue (WAT) for cellular homeostasis of the adipocyte and their impact upon systemic energy homeostasis. A better understanding of the regulatory role that white adipocyte mitochondria play in the regulation of whole-body physiology becomes increasingly important. WAT mitochondrial biogenesis can effectively be induced pharmacologically using a number of agents, including PPARγ agonists. Through their ability to influence key biochemical processes central to the adipocyte, such as fatty acid (FA) esterification and lipogenesis, as well as their impact upon the production and release of key adipokines, mitochondria play a crucial role in determining systemic insulin sensitivity.
How a literary work becomes a classic: The case of One Hundred Years of Solitude

If meanings are so contested and changeable, how can individuals reach a collective agreement about what makes some cultural objects meaningful over time and across space? And how can social scientists construe robust interpretations of cultural objects whose meanings are shifting and malleable? These questions are pertinent to literary classics, whose meanings relentlessly change, and yet people living in different countries and historical periods collectively agree about their significance. This article argues that a literary work can become a classic when it transcends its original context of production and its contents are progressively appropriated by actors and organizations that had no share in their production. Using the case of One Hundred Years of Solitude, this article, first, studies 10 ways in which that novel transcended its original context and, second, documents the appropriation of some of its contents in 56 countries between 1967 and 2013. To contribute to more robust interpretations of meaningful cultural objects with shifting meanings, this article offers four patterns (lived experience, universalization, artistic commensuration and entrenched criticism) involved in the collective fabrication of the value of One Hundred Years of Solitude as a literary classic.
An abbreviated concept-based query language and its exploratory evaluation

Research on the use of conceptual information in database queries has primarily focused on semantic query optimization. Studies on the important aspects of conceptual query formulation are currently not as extensive. Only a relatively small number of works exist in this area. The existing concept-based query languages are similar in the sense that they require the user to specify the entire query path in formulating a query. In this study, we present the Conceptual Query Language (CQL), which does not require entire query paths to be specified but only their terminal points. CQL is an abbreviated concept-based query language that allows for the conceptual abstraction of database queries and exploits the rich semantics of semantic data models to ease and facilitate query formulation. CQL was developed with the aim of providing typical end-users like secretaries and administrators an easy-to-use database query interface for querying and report generation. A CQL prototype has been implemented and currently runs as a front-end to an underlying relational DBMS. A statistical experiment conducted to probe end-users' reaction to using CQL vis-a-vis SQL as a database query language indicates that end-users perform better with CQL and have a better perception of it than of SQL. This paper discusses the design of CQL, the strategies for CQL query processing, and the comparative study between CQL and SQL.
In Vitro Metabolism of the Fungicide and Environmental Contaminant trans-bromuconazole and Implications for Risk Assessment

trans-Bromuconazole is a chiral chemical representative of a class of triazole derivatives known to inhibit specific fungal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) reactions. Kinetic measurements and delineation of metabolic pathways for triazole chemicals within in vitro hepatic microsomes are needed for accurate risk assessment and predictive in vivo physiological modeling. The studies described here were conducted with rat liver microsomes to determine Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetic parameters (Vmax and KM) for trans-bromuconazole using both substrate depletion and product formation reaction velocities. Kinetic parameters determined for trans-bromuconazole depletion at varying protein levels incubated at physiological temperature 37 degrees C resulted in a KM value of 1.69 microM and a Vmax value of 1398 pmol/min/mg protein. The concomitant linear formation of two metabolites identified using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-TOF) and LC-MS/MS indicated hydroxylation of the trans-bromuconazole dichlorophenyl ring moiety. KM values determined for the hydroxylated metabolites were 0.87 and 1.03 microM, with Vmax values of 449 and 694 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Chemical inhibition assays and studies conducted with individual purified human recombinant enzymes indicated the CYP3A subfamily was primarily responsible for biotransformation of the parent substrate. Additionally, trans-bromuconazole was found to undergo stereoselective metabolism as evidenced by a change in the enantiomeric ratio (trans-/trans+) with respect to time.
1. Epidemiologic aspects and acute management

This self-directed learning module highlights recent epidemiologic and acute management issues for stroke. It is part of the chapter on stroke rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatic Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article contains sections on epidemiologic features of stroke, pathophysiologic aspects of stroke, and advances in acute medical management in stroke.
The stress process in family caregivers of persons receiving chemotherapy

The purpose of this analysis was to explore strain and depression among family caregivers of persons receiving chemotherapy for cancer using the Pearlin Stress Process Model. Seventy-five family caregivers of persons receiving chemotherapy participated, completing the Caregiver Strain Index and the Depression Subscale of the Profile of Mood States within 3 weeks of the initiation of chemotherapy. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that 44% of the variance in strain and 40% of the variance in depression were explained by the antecedent variables of caregiver age and gender, patient age and gender, patient functional status, the presence of recurrent disease, perceived efficacy of coping strategies, and perceived adequacy of social support. Further analysis aimed at delineating the mechanisms through which coping and social support operate in the model found no evidence for a moderating or stress-buffering effect. However, coping mediated the relationship between strain and depression and social support mediated the relationship between functional status and depression.
Copy Number Variation in Chickens: A Review and Future Prospects

DNA sequence variations include nucleotide substitution, deletion, insertion, translocation and inversion. Deletion or insertion of a large DNA segment in the genome, referred to as copy number variation (CNV), has caught the attention of many researchers recently. It is believed that CNVs contribute significantly to genome variability, and thus contribute to phenotypic variability. In chickens, genome-wide surveys with array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH), SNP chip detection or whole genome sequencing have revealed a large number of CNVs. A large portion of chicken CNVs involves protein coding or regulatory sequences. A few CNVs have been demonstrated to be the determinant factors for single gene traits, such as late-feathering, pea-comb and dermal hyperpigmentation. The phenotypic effects of the majority of chicken CNVs are to be delineated.
Simulation of anatomical texture in voxelized XCAT phantoms

While great advances are made toward making highly realistic, surface models of the human anatomy, very little has been done to fill these bounded surfaces with models of anatomical texture. We propose a method whereby realistic anatomically-based computed tomography (CT) texture can be incorporated into voxelized versions of the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom. Our source of texture comes from patient CT scans from the Duke CT imaging database. These image-sets were de-noised using anisotropic diffusion. Two organs were selected from which texture was obtained, liver and lungs. From each organ, multiple regions of interest (ROIs) were taken and tiled side-by-side to create a larger image. Textures for the liver and lungs were extrapolated using ImageQuilting, based on the tiled images. Next, a NURBSbased XCAT phantom was voxelized at the same resolution as the textures. The texture was then placed in the voxelized phantoms. Finally, CT simulations of the phantoms with and without the textures were compared against each other, using the power spectral density. This work shows that there is a way whereby the XCAT phantoms can be textured to give more realistic appearance in CT simulations. It is anticipated that this method would find great use in making projections of the XCAT phantom look more realistic and allow for the phantoms to not only be utilized in dosimetrical evaluations, but in image quality studies as well.
The dV / dt capability of field-controlled thyristors

A detailed analysis of the dV/dt capability of field-controlled thyristors is presented. It is demonstrated for the first time that dV/dt induced turn-on can occur in these devices due to gate debiasing as a result of capacitive gate current flow if a large series gate resistance is present in the circuit. A theoretical analysis of the dV/dt capability is presented based upon this mechanism which predicts that the dV/dt capability will decrease inversely with increasing gate series resistance at low values and become independent of the gate series resistance at very high values. The quantitative calculations of the dV/dt capability that have been made by using this theory are in very good agreement with measurements taken on asymmetrical field-controlled thyristors fabricated from wafers of various thickness. The results obtained in this study allow the conclusion that the dV/dt capability of field-controlled thyristors are superior to that of conventional thyristors.
Exploring children’s perceptions of play using visual methodologies

Objective:A great deal of scholarly work has examined the way that physical, social and cultural environments relate to children’s health behaviour, particularly with respect to diet and exercise. ...
Oral GABA treatment downregulates inflammatory responses in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis

Current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have long-term side effects such that new treatments are needed that can safely help manage the disease. There is a growing appreciation that GABA receptors (GABA-Rs) on immune cells provide new targets that can be used to modulate immune cell activity. Here, we show for the first time that activation of peripheral GABA-Rs can inhibit the development of disease in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of RA. Mice that received oral GABA had a reduced incidence of CIA, and those mice that did develop CIA had milder symptoms. T cells from GABA-treated mice displayed reduced proliferative responses to collagen and their APC had a reduced ability to promote the proliferation of collagen-reactive T cells. Thus, GABA downregulated both T-cell autoimmunity and APC activity. Collagenreactive T cells from GABA-treated mice displayed reduced recall responses in the presence of GABA ex vivo, indicating that GABA consumption did not desensitize these cells to GABA. GABA-treated mice had reduced collagen-reactive IgG2a, but not IgG1 antibodies, consistent with reduced Th1 help. The levels of serum anti-collagen IgG2a antibodies were correlated significantly with the CIA disease scores of individual mice. Our results suggest that activation of peripheral GABA-Rs may provide a new modality to modulate T cell, B cell, and APC activity and help ameliorate RA and other inflammatory diseases.
Nodoventricular pathway associated with twin AV nodes: complexity of ablation in single ventricle physiology.

Nodoventricular Pathway. We report the case of a patient with heterotaxy syndrome including complex single ventricular morphology and interrupted IVC in association with twin conduction systems and a nodoventricular accessory pathway connection. The presence of 3 distinct QRS morphologies was inadvertently discovered during a hemodynamic catheterization study and prompted formal EP testing prior to hepatic venous inclusion into the Fontan circuit and loss of access to the atrial chamber for testing and therapy. This patient underscores the importance of close surveillance and high index of suspicion of arrhythmia mechanisms in patients with heterotaxy syndrome in conjunction with single ventricle morphology. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 936-939, August 2010)
A study of linearized oscillatory flow past particles by the boundary-integral method

Viscous oscillatory flow past particles, governed by the unsteady Stokes equation, is considered. The problem is addressed in its general form for arbitrary flows and particle shapes using the boundary-integral method. It is shown that the leading-order correction to the force exerted on a particle in unsteady flow may be inferred directly from the drag in steady translational motion. For axisymmetric flow, a numerical procedure for solving the boundary-integral equation is developed, and is applied to study streaming oscillatory flow past spheroids, dumbbells, and biconcave disks. The effect of the particle geometry on the structure of the flow is studied by comparing the streamline pattern associated with these particles to that for the sphere. The results reveal the existence of travelling stagnation points on the surface of non-spherical particles, and the formation of unsteady viscous eddies in the interior of the flow. These eddies grow during the decelerating flow period, and shrink during the accelerating flow period. For particles with concave boundaries, unsteady free eddies may originate from an expansion of wall eddies that reside within the concave regions.
Mood regulation in depression: Differential effects of distraction and recall of happy memories on sad mood

Recent research suggests that the recall of positive memories plays an important role in mood regulation. In this study, the authors examined the ability of currently depressed, formerly depressed, and never-depressed participants to regulate sad mood through the recall of positive memories or through distraction. Although improvement in mood was found for all participants in response to distraction, under instructions to recall positive memories, never-depressed participants' moods improved, whereas formerly depressed participants' sad moods remained unchanged. It is important to note that depressed participants exhibited a worsening of their sad moods after recalling positive memories. These results suggest both that depression is associated with an impaired ability to use positive recall to regulate a sad mood and that this impairment continues to be evident following recovery.
Corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of nanostructured TiO2 film on Ti6Al4V

The corrosion behavior and cell adhesion property of nanostructured TiO2 films deposited electrolytically on Ti6Al4V were examined in the present in vitro study. The nanostructured TiO2 film deposition on Ti6Al4V was achieved via peroxoprecursors. SEM micrographs exhibit the formation of amorphous and crystallite TiO2 nanoparticles on Ti6Al4V before and after being annealed at 500°C. Corrosion behavior of TiO2-deposited and uncoated Ti6Al4V was evaluated in freely aerated Hank's solution at 37°C by the measurement and analysis of open-circuit potential variation with time, Tafel plots, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical results indicated that nano-TiO2 coated Ti6Al4V showed a better corrosion resistance in simulated biofluid than uncoated Ti6Al4V. Rat bone cells and human aortic smooth muscle cells were grown on these substrates to study the cellular responses in vitro. The SEM images revealed enhanced cell adhesion, cell spreading, and proliferation on nano-TiO2 coated Ti6Al4V compared to those grown on uncoated substrates for both cell lines. These results suggested that nanotopography produced by deposition of nanostructured TiO2 onto Ti alloy surfaces might enhance corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and cell integration for implants made of Ti alloys. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Electrothermal transport coefficients at finite frequencies

We review a recently developed formalism for computing thermoelectric coefficients in correlated matter. The usual difficulties of such a calculation are circumvented by a careful generalization of the transport formalism to finite frequencies, from which one can extract the high frequency objects. The technical parallel between the Hall constant and the Seebeck coefficient is explored and used to advantage. For small clusters, exact diagonalization gives the full spectrum for the Hubbard and especially the t–J model, a prototypical model for strong correlations, and this spectrum can be used to compute the exact finite frequency transport coefficients and hence to benchmark various approximations.An application of this formalism to the physically important case of sodium cobaltate NaxCoO2 is made, and interesting predictions for new materials are highlighted.
"Dreams Are Born on Places Like This": The Process of Interpretive Community Formation at the Field of Dreams Site

Thousands of people from across the nation visit the site of the film Field of Dreams each year. This paper analyzes the narratives of 113 of those visitors as relayed during a three‐day period in the summer of 1992. In exploring these unstructured narratives, the authors develop a theory that explains how interpretive communities are formed despite theoretical writings that argue for individualized interpretations of texts. Synthesizing theoretical offerings of Kenneth Burke and Michael C. McGee, the authors demonstrate that individuals at once can converge and diverge symbolically within the confines of an interpretive community.
Brutal Borders? Examining the Treatment of Deportees During Arrest and Detention

Recent legislation has produced a dramatic rise in the detention and removal of immigrants from the United States. Drawing on interviews with a random sample of Salvadoran deportees, we examine treatment during arrest and detention. Our findings indicate: (1) deportees are often subject to verbal harassment, procedural failings and use of force; (2) force tends to be excessive; (3) force is more common against deportees than citizens; (4) situational contingencies and organizational actors influence force, but ecological settings do not.
Nonstandard representations of aspheric surfaces in a telescope design

Space-based telescopes for sub-mm astronomy may require large, segmented primary mirrors. While spherical segments are the easiest to manufacture and test, a fast sphere produces large aberrations which must be corrected by one or more aspheric surfaces. Attention is presently given to an f/10 system with an f/0.7 spherical primary mirror and a field of view of + or - 1.5 min of arc. The third and fourth mirrors are conics, and the secondary is a 24th-degree power series on a base sphere. For sub-mm astronomy, a reasonable target for this design is a diffraction-limited image at 30 microns. In an effort to improve performance, the Wassermann-Wolf (1949) approach to aspheric design was applied.
Molecular dynamics investigation of viscosity, chemical diffusivities and partial molar volumes of liquids along the MgO–SiO2 join as functions of pressure

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to systematically address the effects of composition and pressure on melts along the MgO–SiO2 join and elucidate the role of structural modifier content on silicate melt properties. The MgO–SiO2 system shows non-ideal mixing with a negative excess volume of mixing at low pressures, but the mixing becomes closer to ideal at higher pressures. At atmospheric pressure, the viscosities and diffusivities vary by more than 3 orders of magnitude as the composition is varied along this join, with the low SiO2 melts characterized by lower viscosities and higher diffusivities; these results are in quantitative agreement with experimental results for the dependence of viscosity and diffusivity on structural modifier content in a wide range of silicate systems. The transport properties of melts in this system converge at higher pressures; at pressures greater than � 15 GPa the viscosity and diffusivities vary by less than an order of magnitude across the entire range of compositions. The relevance of equations that relate the viscosity and diffusivity is also addressed.
Medical Needs of the Autistic Adolescent

Adolescent health care is a relatively new medical subspecialty (Shearin, 1977) in the United States. The first adolescent medicine program was established in Boston by Dr. Roswell Gallagher in 1951. The Society for Adolescent Medicine was formed in 1968, and the American Academy of Pediatrics only recently created a section on adolescent medicine. Publications on adolescent medicine have dramatically increased in recent years, and there has been growing federal recognition (Hutchins, 1980).
Prentice Award Lecture 2010: A case for peripheral optical treatment strategies for myopia

It is well established that refractive development is regulated by visual feedback. However, most optical treatment strategies designed to reduce myopia progression have not produced the desired results, primarily because some of our assumptions concerning the operating characteristics of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate refractive development have been incorrect. In particular, because of the prominence of central vision in primates, it has generally been assumed that signals from the fovea determine the effects of vision on refractive development. However, experiments in laboratory animals demonstrate that ocular growth and emmetropization are mediated by local retinal mechanisms and that foveal vision is not essential for many vision-dependent aspects of refractive development. However, the peripheral retina, in isolation, can effectively regulate emmetropization and mediate many of the effects of vision on the eye’s refractive status. Moreover, when there are conflicting visual signals between the fovea and the periphery, peripheral vision can dominate refractive development. The overall pattern of results suggests that optical treatment strategies for myopia that take into account the effects of peripheral vision are likely to be more successful than strategies that effectively manipulate only central vision. (Optom Vis Sci 2011;88:1029–1044)
Reconstructions in limited-view thermoacoustic tomography

The limited-view problem is studied for thermoacoustic tomography, which is also referred to as photoacoustic or optoacoustic tomography depending on the type of radiation for the induction of acoustic waves. We define a “detection region,” within which all points have sufficient detection views. It is explained analytically and shown numerically that the boundaries of any objects inside this region can be recovered stably. Otherwise some sharp details become blurred. One can identify in advance the parts of the boundaries that will be affected if the detection view is insufficient. If the detector scans along a circle in a two-dimensional case, acquiring a sufficient view might require covering more than a π-, or less than a π-arc of the trajectory depending on the position of the object. Similar results hold in a three-dimensional case. In order to support our theoretical conclusions, three types of reconstruction methods are utilized: a filtered backprojection (FBP) approximate inversion, which is shown to work well for limited-view data, a local-tomography-type reconstruction that emphasizes sharp details (e.g., the boundaries of inclusions), and an iterative algebraic truncated conjugate gradient algorithm used in conjunction with FBP. Computations are conducted for both numerically simulated and experimental data. The reconstructions confirm our theoretical predictions.
Southern Agrarian Labor Contracts as Impediments to Cotton Mechanization

The traditional view of cotton mechanization, first advanced by rural sociologists in the 1920s, is that southern agrarian institutions impeded progress. Recently their view has been questioned. New studies attribute much of the southern lag to factors like small-scale production, cheap labor, the cotton crop, and environment. I contribute to the debate by emphasizing how the structure of the southern economy encouraged landlords to use annual labor contracts that hindered attempts to mechanize. I present evidence that supports the traditional view and suggest how the incentive structure of annual labor contracts delayed invention of the mechanical cotton picker.
Improving communication skills through project-based learning

Communication skills are an essential part of engineering education in order to prepare students to be competent for engineering industry. This paper described a project-based learning activity that integrated communication through lab reports to improve students' higher level engineering skills and increase their communication skills. By guiding students to answer questions about observations and results using examples and a detailed grading rubric, we were able to see a great improvement in their technical writing. We also found that practicing the lab report format for the individual labs made the final lab report easier to compile, and the students were less overwhelmed and able to understand the big picture. Additionally, having a TA available for personal questions on grading comments helped those who needed more explanation or who had questions outside the scope of the rubric and examples.
Relocating Basic Writing.

I frame the continuing value of basic writing as part of a long tradition in composition studies challenging dominant beliefs about literacy and language abilities, and I link basic writing to emerging—e.g.“translingual”—approaches to language. I identify basic writing as vital to the field of composition in its rejection of simplistic notions of English, language, and literacy; its insistence on searching out the different in what might appear to be the same and the familiar; and its commitment to work with students consigned by dominant ideologies to the social periphery as in fact central, leading edge. These positions enable basic writing teacher-scholars to learn, and re-think, along with their students, what it can, does, and might mean to write. They thus help to maintain the intellectual, pedagogical, and ethical integrity of composition as a field committed to working and reworking language and literacy.
Spring and Summer Midwestern Severe Weather Reports in Supercells Compared to Other Morphologies

This study compares severe weather reports associated with the nine convective system morphologies used in a recent study by Gallus et al. to an additional morphology, supercell storms. As in that previous study, all convective systems occurring in a 10-state region covering parts of the Midwestern United States and central plains were classified according to their dominant morphology, and severe weather reports associated with each morphology were then analyzed. Unlike the previous study, which examined systems from 2002, the time period over which the climatology was performed was shifted to 2007 to allow access to radar algorithm information needed to classify a storm as a supercell. Archived radar imagery was used to classify systems as nonlinear convective events, isolated cells, clusters of cells, broken lines of cells, squall lines with no stratiform precipitation, trailing stratiform precipitation, parallel stratiform precipitation, and leading stratiform precipitation, and bow echoes. In addition, the three cellular classifications were subdivided to allow an analysis of severe weather reports for events in which supercells were present and those in which they were not. As in the earlier study, all morphologies were found to pose some risk of severe weather, and differences in the two datasets were generally small. The 2007 climatology confirmed the theory that supercellular systems produce severe weather more frequently than other morphologies, and also produce more intense severe weather. Supercell systems were especially prolific producers of tornadoes and hail relative to all other morphologies, but also produced severe wind and flooding much more often than nonsupercell cellular morphologies. These results suggest that it is important to differentiate between cellular morphologies containing rotation and those that do not when associating severe weather reports with convective morphology.
Rawlsian Individuals: Justice, Experiments, and Complexity

John Rawls's A Theory of Justice is examined from the perspective of experimental methods in economics and complex adaptive systems simulations. This paper first discusses the justice principle selection process in Rawls's representation of it as a hypothetical experiment. This hypothetical experiment fails to satisfy reasonable experimental controls, particularly as reflects the conception of the individual it employs. The second section of the paper discusses the differences between Rawls's two conceptions of rational persons associated with his distinction between thin and full theories of the good. The third section uses his fuller conception of rational persons, life plans, and psychological laws in the third part of the book to offer an alternative view of the selection process understood as a complex adaptive system. The fourth section turns to a topic raised by this complex system approach, the status of normative reasoning in political-economic systems. The fifth section summarizes.
Strategic Assortment Reduction by a Dominant Retailer

In certain product categories, large discount retailers are known to offer shallower assortments than traditional retailers. In this paper, we investigate the competitive incentives for such assortment decisions and the implications for manufacturers' distribution strategies. Our results show that if one retailer has the channel power to determine its assortment first, then it can strategically reduce its assortment by carrying only the popular variety while simultaneously inducing the rival retailer to carry both the specialty and popular varieties. The rival retailer then bears higher assortment costs, which leads to relaxed price competition for the commonly carried popular variety. We also show that when the manufacturer has relative channel power, it chooses alternatively to distribute both product varieties through both retailers. Our analysis suggests, therefore, that when a retailer becomes dominant in the distribution channel, it facilitates retail segmentation into discount shops, carrying limited product lines, and specialty shops carrying wider assortments. We also illustrate how retailer power leading to strategic assortment reduction can lead to lower consumer surplus.
Correction of errors in scale values for magnetic elements for Helsinki

Abstract. Using several lines of evidence we show that the scale values of the geomagnetic variometers operating in Helsinki in the 19th century were not constant throughout the years of operation 1844–1897. Specifically, the adopted scale value of the horizontal force variometer appears to be too low by ~ 30% during the years 1866–1874.5 and the adopted scale value of the declination variometer appears to be too low by a factor of ~ 2 during the interval 1885.8–1887.5. Reconstructing the heliospheric magnetic field strength from geomagnetic data has reached a stage where a reliable reconstruction is possible using even just a single geomagnetic data set of hourly or daily values. Before such reconstructions can be accepted as reliable, the underlying data must be calibrated correctly. It is thus mandatory that the Helsinki data be corrected. Such correction has been satisfactorily carried out and the HMF strength is now well constrained back to 1845.