cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Failure of Materials under Narrow Band Random Vibrations Part 2

The present paper is a continuation of a previous paper (Part 1) on the fatigue failure of materials under the multi-factor influence of narrow band random vibrations. In Part 1 the basic principle of response surface design has been described, and a first order fatigue life predicting equation had been developed. The research was based on a 23 factorial design with 4 added centers and an experiment of 12 tests. It was shown that the analysis was possible with a 1/2 replicate, i.e., an experiment of 6 tests. Based on the results of statistical analysis of variance, these linear models have been accepted. However, only the 95% confidence intervals which are based on 12 tests are of practical use.
Temperature compensation in Methanosarcina barkeri by modulation of hydrogen and acetate affinity

The affinity of Methanosarcina barkeri 227 for acetate and hydrogen at different incubation temperatures was investigated. Increasing the temperature from 20 to 37°C resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in Km for acetate and a 4.8-fold increase for hydrogen. The corresponding increase in Vmax for acetate was 8.3-fold (5.4-fold for hydrogen). This response implied a decrease in the temperature coefficient (Q10) and hence a decrease in the temperature dependency as a function of decreasing substrate concentration.
On converting a side-pairing to a handle decomposition

We give a method for obtaining a handle decomposition of an $n$-manifold if the manifold is given by isometric side-pairings of a polyhedron in $\en$, $\sn$ or $\hn$. Every cycle of $k$-faces on the polyhedron corresponds to an $(n-k)$-handle of the manifold. Two applications of the method are given. One helps recognize when a noncompact hyperbolic 3-manifold is a complement of a link in $S^3$ (and automatically produces the link diagram), the other shows that a topological $S^4$ described by the author in \cite{Ivansic3} is diffeomorphic to the standard differentiable $S^4$.
Museum Trouble: Edwardian Fiction and the Emergence of Modernism

If the Victorians built museums, the Edwardians haunted them—and were haunted by them. In Museum Trouble, Ruth Hoberman documents the breadth and depth of these visitations, ordinary museum visits ...
Cortisone in Decompensated Portal Cirrhosis: A Preliminary Report

Summary Seven patients with decompensated portal cirrhosis were studied while under therapy with cortisone. A prompt and dramatic rise was noted in the values of the serum albumin and in ability of the liver to esterify cholesterol. No untoward side effects were noted as a result of cortisone therapy. No conclusion can be drawn relative to the specific effect of cortisone on the failing liver. Others have suggested that its salutary affect may be due solely to appetite stimulation and increased food intake. We feel that the effect must be more profound. The rapid change in serum albumin and esterified cholesterol is greater than would be expected if a nutritious diet alone were responsible for the improvement. The rapid decrease in liver fat seen at biopsy, the disappearance of spider angiomata, and the markedly shortened hospital course coupled with early rehabilitation are suggestive evidence that the natural course of this disease has been materially altered by the therapy applied.
Quality as a Community Norm on YouTube and Beyond

User-based internet platforms are changing our understanding of “quality”: from a value shaped by experts in closed hierarchical spaces to one shaped by internet users and software developers in a more open, yet not more transparent, digital landscape. “Quality curation” on the internet is both more public, and more private than offline; both more malleable and less controllable by lay internet users. The potential for increased transparency is immense but not achieved. What is the best understanding of “quality” on the internet and what does it entail for the design of internet platforms? The paper answers this question through the study of quality accreditation in user-generated online video, by contrasting YouTube and Vimeo’s designs. It argues that “quality” is only meaningful in its public dimension, as a notion to be questioned in public through open, conscious debates. Quality is not what results from un-transparent collaborative filtering algorithms, or the algebraic sum of isolated users’ walled experiences. The paper explains why the distinction is important, explores a variety of ways through which quality is regulated online and suggests solutions for policy-makers and web designers to strike the right balance between quality curation and users’ private experiences when designing user-based platforms.
Indicators and assessment methods for measuring the ecological integrity of semi-aquatic terrestrial environments

Our objective is to summarize scientific knowledge concerning assessment methods addressing ecological integrity in wetlands and riparian zones, with an emphasis on riparian areas. This article examines which indicators (abiotic parameters, species, faunistic and floristic communities and functional assemblages) are used, how they are applied (single or integrative indicator), and which assessment algorithms and models have been successful to date. Overall, our review shows that despite the relatively recent emergence of riparian ecology, riparian assessments are better developed than the wetland functional assessments currently employed. In general, it is recommended that useful methods be updated and cross-calibrated, that new rapid assessment methods provide reasonable levels of accuracy for a variety of users in a variety of situations, that assessment be developed for specific applications (with identified users), that uncertainty be explicitly acknowledged, that the policy implications of specific assessments methods be openly discussed, and that methods be formally tested for accuracy, cost and practicality. In addition, we offer a revised protocol for the effective and rapid assessment of functional integrity in riparian environments associated with freshwater ecosystems. This protocol encourages the use of terrestrialization, canopy development, biodiversity, microclimate and seston as integrative indicators of integrity.
Climate change impacts on net primary production (NPP) and export production (EP) regulated by increasing stratification and phytoplankton community structure in the CMIP5 models

Abstract. We examine climate change impacts on net primary production (NPP) and export production (sinking particulate flux; EP) with simulations from nine Earth system models (ESMs) performed in the framework of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Global NPP and EP are reduced by the end of the century for the intense warming scenario of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Relative to the 1990s, NPP in the 2090s is reduced by 2–16 % and EP by 7–18 %. The models with the largest increases in stratification (and largest relative declines in NPP and EP) also show the largest positive biases in stratification for the contemporary period, suggesting overestimation of climate change impacts on NPP and EP. All of the CMIP5 models show an increase in stratification in response to surface–ocean warming and freshening, which is accompanied by decreases in surface nutrients, NPP and EP. There is considerable variability across the models in the magnitudes of NPP, EP, surface nutrient concentrations and their perturbations by climate change. The negative response of NPP and EP to increasing stratification reflects primarily a bottom-up control, as upward nutrient flux declines at the global scale. Models with dynamic phytoplankton community structure show larger declines in EP than in NPP. This pattern is driven by phytoplankton community composition shifts, with reductions in productivity by large phytoplankton as smaller phytoplankton (which export less efficiently) are favored under the increasing nutrient stress. Thus, the projections of the NPP response to climate change are critically dependent on the simulated phytoplankton community structure, the efficiency of the biological pump and the resulting levels of regenerated production, which vary widely across the models. Community structure is represented simply in the CMIP5 models, and should be expanded to better capture the spatial patterns and climate-driven changes in export efficiency.
A mid-infrared study of RR Lyrae stars with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer all-sky data release

We present a group of 3740 previously identified RR Lyrae variables well-observed with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We explore how the shape of the generic RR Lyrae mid-infrared light curve evolves in period-space, comparing light curves in mid-infrared and optical bands. We find that optical light curves exhibit high amplitudes and a large spectrum of light curve shapes, while mid-infrared light curves have low amplitudes and uniform light curve shapes. From the period-space analysis, we hope to improve the classification methods of RR Lyrae variables and enable reliable discovery of these pulsators in the WISE catalog and future mid-infrared surveys such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We provide mid-infrared templates for typical RR Lyrae stars and demonstrate how these templates can be applied to improve estimates of mid-infrared RR Lyrae mean magnitude, which is used for distance measurement. This method of template fitting is particularly beneficial for improving observational efficiency. For example, using light curves with observational noise of 0.05 mag, we obtain the same level of accuracy in mean magnitude estimates for light curves randomly sampled at 12 data points with template fitting as with light curves randomly sampled at 20 data points with harmonic modelling.
Cancer and the pituitary gland.

Ein Extrakt aus Hypophysenhinterlappen wurde gewonnen, der an Krebskranken weitgehende Verkleinerung der Tumoren und Besserung des Allgemeinzustandes erzeugt. Die beiden Wirkungen sind voneinander unabhangig und durch verschiedene Faktoren hervorgerufen. Die Hypophyse enthalt nicht nur krebserzeugende, sondern auch krebshemmende Prinzipien. Die Krebskrankheit durfte mit einer Storung der hormonalen Hypophysenfunktion zusammenhangen.
An Analytical Predictive Model and Experimental Validation for Machining with Grooved Tools Incorporating the Effects of Strains, Strain-rates, and Temperatures

Abstract By effectively integrating a recently developed universal slip-line model with Oxley's predictive machining theory, a new analytical predictive model for machining with restricted contact grooved tools has been developed and presented in this paper. A computational flow chart is provided to illustrate the method of integration. The cutting forces are predicted for varying flow stress properties to include the effects of strains, strain-rates, and temperatures. Extensive cutting tests involving the use of three groups of chip-grooves have been conducted to validate the new method. An encouraging good agreement has been found between predicted and experimental results.
Focal plane array folding for efficient information extraction and tracking

We develop a novel compressive sensing based approach for detecting point sources in images and tracking of moving point sources across temporal images. One application is the muzzle flash detection and tracking problem. We pursue the concept of lower-dimension signal representation from structured sparse matrices, which is in contrast to the use of random sparse matrices described in common compressive sensing algorithms. The primary motivation is that an approach using structured sparse matrices can lead to efficient hardware implementations and a scheme that we term folding in the focal plane array. This method “bins” pixels modulo a pair of specified numbers across the pixel plane in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Under this paradigm, a significant reduction in the amount of pixel samples is required, which enable high speed target acquisition and tracking while reducing the number of A/D's. Folding is used to acquire a pair of significantly smaller images, in which two different folded images provide the necessary redundancy to uniquely extract location information. We detect the centroid of point sources in each of the two folded images and use the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) to determine the location of the point sources in the original image. In our work, we successfully demonstrated the correctness of this algorithm through simulation and showed the algorithm is capable of detecting and tracking multiple muzzle flashes in multiple temporal frames. We present both initial results and improvements to the algorithm's robustness, based on robust Chinese remainder theorem (rCRT) in the presence of noise.
General relativity in (1 + 1) dimensions

We describe a theory of gravity in (1 + 1) dimensions that can be thought of as a toy model of general relativity. The theory should be a useful pedagogical tool, because it is mathematically much simpler than general relativity but shares much of the same conceptual structure; in particular, it gives a simple illustration of how gravity arises from spacetime curvature. We derive the theory from fundamental physical principles using two different methods, one based on extrapolating from Newtonian gravity and one based on the equivalence principle, and present several exact solutions.
Weird past tense forms

It is often assumed that children go through a stage in which they systematically overapply irregular past tense patterns to inappropriate verbs, as in wipe-wope, bring-brang, trick-truck, walk-has walken. Such errors have been interpreted both as reflecting over-use of minor grammatical rules (e.g. 'change i to a'), and as reflecting the operation of a connectionist pattern associator network that superimposes and blends patterns of various degrees of generality. But the actual rate, time course, and nature of these errors have never been documented. We analysed 20,000 past tense and participle usages from nine children in the CHILDES database, looking for overapplications of irregular vowel-change patterns, as in brang, blends, as in branged, productive suffixations of -en, as in walken, gross distortions, as in mail-membled, and double-suffixation, as in walkeded. These errors were collectively quite rare; children made them in about two tenths of one per cent of the opportunities, and with few stable patterns: the errors were not predominantly word-substitutions, did not occur predominantly with irregular stems, showed no consistency across verbs or ages, and showed no clear age trend. Most (though not all) of the errors were based closely on existing irregular verbs; gross distortions never occurred. We suggest that both rule-theories and connectionist theories have tended to overestimate the predominance of such errors. Children master irregular forms quite accurately, presumably because irregular forms are just a special case of the arbitrary sound-meaning pairings that define words, and because children are good at learning words.
Plastic performance of soybean protein components

Soybean proteins recently have been considered as petroleum polymer alternatives in the manufacture of adhesives, plastics, and various binders. The objective of this work was to characterize the plastic performance of soybean protein components during molding processes. Two major soybean protein fractions, 7S-rich globulin (7S-RG) and 11S-rich globulin (11S-RG) were separated from defatted soybean flour, and their purity was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. The thermal transition properties of the two fractions at 10% moisture content were 137.6°C for 7S and 163°C for 11S, as analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Plastics were prepared using a hot press at various molding temperatures that were selected based on the proteins’ thermal transition temperatures obtained by DSC. The plastics were evaluated for mechanical properties, water absorption, and microstructure. The plastics prepared with temperatures at or close to the thermal transition temperature showed a smooth, uniform, and complex structure. Results showed that the plastics made from 11S-RG at its thermal transition temperature were stronger (35 MPa) and had lower water absorption than those made from 7S-RG at 145°C (26 MPa). The plastics made from the 7S- and 11S-RG mixture had the highest tensile strength (39 MPa) and medium water absorption compared to those made from 7S- and 11S-RG alone. These mechanical properties and water absorption behaviors were significantly affected by molding temperatures. The results obtained from this research indicated that interaction between 7S- and 11S-RG could occur during molding and that thermal transition temperature played an important role in thermal processing of soybean proteins.
Systematic, evidence-based discovery of biomarkers at the NCI

In the past decade, biomarker discovery has become ubiquitous in cancer research. However, despite this interest in biomarker research, few newly-characterized biomarkers have emerged as clinically-used entities. Here, we review the current state of biomarker research in cancer and identify challenges that stall many biomarker discovery efforts. We outline a model for systematic biomarker discovery, exemplified by recent efforts in prostate cancer, in which bioinformatics plays a central role in identifying promising new candidate biomarkers. Finally, we review the role of the National Cancer Institute’s Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) in biomarker studies and the importance of EDRN-led efforts to establish a research standard for more effective biomarker discovery efforts.
Automated verification of security pattern compositions

Software security becomes a critically important issue for software development when more and more malicious attacks explore the security holes in software systems. To avoid security problems, a large software system design may reuse good security solutions by applying security patterns. Security patterns document expert solutions to common security problems and capture best practices on secure software design and development. Although each security pattern describes a good design guideline, the compositions of these security patterns may be inconsistent and encounter problems and flaws. Therefore, the compositions of security patterns may be even insecure. In this paper, we present an approach to automated verification of the compositions of security patterns by model checking. We formally define the behavioral aspect of security patterns in CCS through their sequence diagrams. We also prove the faithfulness of the transformation from a sequence diagram to its CCS representation. In this way, the properties of the security patterns can be checked by a model checker when they are composed. Composition errors and problems can be discovered early in the design stage. We also use two case studies to illustrate our approach and show its capability to detect composition errors.
Reactive ion–surface collisions: Application of ionized acetone-d6, DMSO-d6 and pyridine-d5 as probes for the characterization of self-assembled monolayer films on gold

Low-energy collisions of ionized acetone-d, , DMSO-d, and pyridine-d, with alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces prepared on gold were investigated. These experiments can be used to monitor routinely the condition of the surfaces and to determine whether a surface is acceptable for a given application. In addition to the surface-induced dissociation of the molecular ions, intense peaks corresponding to the addition of H (or D) to the ionized molecules are observed in the ioit-surface collision spectra. The relative abundance of the IM + H(D)I + reaction products was found to be dependent on several variables, including (i) the chemical composition of the monolayers (alkanethiolate, perdeuteroalkanethiolate, fluorinated alkanethiolate), (ii) the chain length of the alkanethiolate monolayers, (iii) the time for which the vapor-deposited Au surfaces are exposed to the thiol solution during surface preparation and (iv) the degree of deliberate damage of the SAM film (70 eV Ar" beam bombardment). The variation in [ M + H(D)I + abundance with induced surface changes illustrates the utility of these adduct ions for the characterization of the quality of the monolayers. The general trend observed is an increase in the I M + HI + peak with the increased presence of hydrocarbon adsorbates, which in turn is believed to be directly related to increased disorder (inherent or induced) of the monolayer film. The increase in [ M + HI + is seen with a decrease in chain length, with shorter monolayer preparation times, and with an increase in surface damage. In general, a fluorinated surface that has been intentionally damaged by an Ar" beam retains its highenergy deposition characteristics and is appropriate for use as a collision target for many types of projectiles.
Redundant 230Th/234U/238U, 231Pa/235U and 14C dating of fossil corals for accurate radiocarbon age calibration

Abstract 230Th/234U/238U dating of fossil corals by mass spectrometry is remarkably precise, but some samples exposed to freshwater over thousands of years may gain and/or lose uranium and/or thorium and consequently yield inaccurate ages. Although a δ234Uinitial value equivalent to modern seawater and modern corals has been an effective quality control criterion, for samples exposed to freshwater but having δ234Uinitial values indistinguishable from modern seawater and modern corals, there remains a need for additional age validation in the most demanding applications such as the 14C calibration (Fairbanks et al., 2005. Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals. Quaternary Science Reviews 24(16–17), 1781–1796). In this paper we enhance screening criteria for fossil corals older than 30,000 years BP in the Fairbanks0805 radiocarbon calibration data set (Fairbanks et al., 2005) by measuring redundant 230Th/234U/238U and 231Pa/235U dates via multi-collector magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-MS-ICPMS) using techniques described in Mortlock et al. (2005. 230Th/234U/238U and 231Pa/235U ages from a single fossil coral fragment by multi-collector magnetic-sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69(3), 649–657.). In our present study, we regard paired 231Pa/235U and 230Th/234U/238U ages concordant when the 231Pa/235U age (±2σ) overlaps with the associated 230Th/234U/238U age (±2σ). Out of a representative set of 11 Fairbanks0805 (Fairbanks et al., 2005) radiocarbon calibration coral samples re-measured in this study, nine passed this rigorous check on the accuracy of their 230Th/234U/238U ages. The concordancy observed between 230Th/234U/238U and 231Pa/235U dates provides convincing evidence to support closed system behavior of these fossil corals and validation of their 230Th/234U/238U dates for radiocarbon calibration and Δ14C reconstruction.
From Battlefield to Newsroom: Ethical Implications of Drone Technology in Journalism

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as “drones,” are a military technology now being developed for civilian and commercial use in the United States. With the federal government moving to develop rules for these uses in U.S. airspace by 2015, technologists, researchers, and news organizations are considering application of drone technology for reporting and data gathering. UAVs offer an inexpensive way to put cameras and sensors in the air to capture images and data but also pose serious concerns about safety, privacy, conflict of interest, perspective, and credibility. This research examines the early ethical considerations among drone journalism developers and digital information activists. It places those considerations against the backdrop of utilitarian ethical theory applied to journalism to suggest additional layers of reasoning that must be applied to drones in reporting. Finally, it suggests articulation of ethical guidelines and transparency with the public as means to address inevita...
A limited Review of Over Diagnosis Methods and Long Term Effects in Breast Cancer Screening.

Breast cancer screening programs have been effective in detecting tumors prior to symptoms. Recently, there has been concern over the issue of over-diagnosis, that is, diagnosis of a breast cancer that does not manifest prior to death. Estimates for over-diagnosis vary, ranging from 7 to 52%. This variability may be due partially to issues associated with bias and/or incorrect inferences associated with the lack of probability modeling. A critical issue is how to evaluate the long-term effects due to continued screening. Participants in a periodic screening program can be classified into four mutually exclusive groups depending on whether individuals are diagnosed and whether their symptoms appear prior to death: True-earlydetection; No-early-detection; Over-diagnosis; and Not-sonecessary. All initially superficially healthy people will eventually fall into one of these four categories. This manuscript reviews the major methodologies associated with the over-diagnosis and long-term effects of breast cancer screening.
Attribution Retraining in Forgiveness Therapy

Abstract This paper focuses on the central role of attributions in psychotherapy, particularly in the forgiveness process. Self-enhancing and self-defeating attributions are defined with special emphasis given to those attributions that lead to unforgiveness. The relative effect of positive and negative attributions on the individual is also examined. Based on classical models of attribution theory and attribution retraining methods, an attribution-retraining program for use in forgiveness therapy is described. A case study is utilized to illustrate the use of attribution retraining in the context of forgiveness.
The moults of captive Scottish ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)

The moults of captive Scottish ptarmigan were studied at Banchory, north-east Scotland from December 1968 to February 1971. In the autumn moult (June to September) which included the primaries, cock ptarmigan moulted earlier and more completely than hens. In the winter moult (September to February) hens moulted earlier and both sexes moulted more completely than in spring. In the spring moult (February to June) cocks moulted more rapidly to begin with but by mid-April hens had caught up and thereafter moulted at least as rapidly as cocks. When kept indoors at slightly higher temperatures ptarmigan grew more pigmented feathers during the winter moult. In a colder winter the birds became whiter than in a milder one. First-winter ptarmigan completed the winter moult later than older birds. Birds from the Cairnwell hills had more dark feathers in winter than those from the eastern Cairngorms. There was no correlation between the start or finish of egg-laying and moulting.
Conservation of chloroplast genome structure among vascular plants

We have constructed the first physical map of a gymnosperm chloroplast genome and compared its organization with those of a fern and several angiosperms by heterologous filter hybridization. The chloroplast genome of the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba consists of a 158 kb circular chromosome that contains a ribosomal RNA-encoding inverted repeat approximately 17 kb in size. Gene mapping experiments demonstrate a remarkable similarity in the linear order and absolute positions of the ribosomal RNA genes and of 17 protein genes in the cpDNAs of Ginkgo biloba, the fern Osmunda cinnamomea and the angiosperm Spinacia oleracea. Moreover, filter hybridizations using as probes cloned fragments that cover the entirety of the angiosperm chloroplast genome reveal a virtually colinear arrangement of homologous sequence elements in these genomes representing three divisions of vascular plants that diverged some 200–400 million years ago. The only major difference in chloroplast genome structure among these vascular plants involves the size of the rRNA-encoding inverted repeat, which is only 10 kb in Osmunda, 17 kb in Ginkgo, and about 25 kb in most angiosperms. This size variation appears to be the result of spreading of the repeat through previously single copy sequences, or the reverse process of shrinkage, unaccompanied by any overall change in genome complexity.
THE DEMAND FUNCTIONS OF THE HOUSEHOLD SECTOR FOR FINANCIAL ASSETS: AN ECONOMETRIC STUDY

THIS STUDY investigates the demand functions of the household sector for financial assets, on both theoretical and empirical levels. A model of asset selection is presented for an individual household, then is aggregated to represent the entire household sector. This model is an outgrowth of work performed by Farrar and de Leeuw and is based on the "efficient" portfolio theory of Markowitz and Tobin. The hypothetical household of the model faces an array of possible financial assets and liabilities it can choose among, thereby receiving an expected return and incurring a level of risk exposure. The household's utility function is given a quadratic approximation and is maximized subject to a net wealth constraint. From this maximization is derived a generalized demand function linear in net wealth and rates of return. The model is then altered to produce a submodel in which the resultant demand functions are homogeneous of degree one in net wealth. Demand functions are estimated for seven financial assets in addition to gross financial assets. Two different specifications of the generalized demand function are employed. The first uses aggregate net wealth as the constraint on the household sector. In the second the aggregate net wealth constraint is divided into two parts, deflated net wealth and capital gains on financial assets. The latter is designed to capture the differential effects of various subclasses of net wealth upon the financial asset demand functions of the household sector. Estimation is based on a sample of 57 quarterly observations of the household sector, first quarter, 1952, through first quarter, 1966. The major conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Aggregate net wealth is an important determinant of households' financial asset demands. While there is some evidence of a lagged response in the adjustment of households' financial asset stocks to changes in net wealth, the same evidence indicates that this lag seldom has any importance when extended beyond four quarters. (2) Disaggregation of the net wealth argument into two separate arguments, consisting of deflated wealth and capital gains on financial assets, results in the deflated wealth argument behaving in a fashion similar to net wealth. Deflated wealth proves to be an important influence upon the financial asset demands of households. (3) The capital gains argument used when net wealth is disaggregated does not possess great explanatory power and as a result only short lags in adjustment are discovered with reference to changes in the capital gains type of wealth. The signs of the coefficients of the capital gains argument are frequently negative in the current period and/or when the lag is short. This evidence is consistent with, but fails to demonstrate firmly, the contention that the receipt of a capital gain stimulates households to increase their consumption in the very short-run and perhaps temporarily to draw down on certain financial asset stocks.
A descriptive model of online shopping process: some empirical results

Since early 1990s, tremendous growth of e‐commerce has transformed the world retail infrastructure rapidly. Although the Internet burst between 2000 and 2002 which slowed down the rage in the financial market, the Internet infrastructure continues to grow and becomes an integral part of market strategic portfolio for many organizations. In order to be successful in the Internet niche, many retailers engage in business model reengineering to keep up with changes in how customers acquire goods and services. Based on in‐depth interviews and a follow‐up survey, the present study depicts a common online shopping process and identifies three common online shopping components: interactivity, transaction, and fulfillment. These components and their respective factors form one's online shopping experience. Managerial implications and future research directions are offered.
Winning Coverage in the U.S. Senate

Most scholars agree that news coverage of politics is the product of complicated interaction between journalists and politicians. Yet, we know little about how the interaction affects the coverage. Our analysis examines U.S. senators' press events and subsequent national network coverage from 1980–1996. Our evidence suggests that all senators can increase journalists' interest in their press events by carefully choosing the type of event and which politicians attend. In turn, such interest often translates into actual news stories, although that coverage is not guaranteed. Thus, senators can structure press events in order to increase the likelihood of coverage, but reporters understandably resist their attempts to do so. As a result, the most newsworthy press events require senators to give up control over content, creating more potential for revealing unexpected information.
Equivalent electromagnetic constants of moving media

It is shown that if the velocity of a medium is small compared to the phase velocity of electromagnetic waves in it, then the electromagnetic field in the moving medium is identical with the field in a stationary medium with modified constants.
Modulewriter: a program for automatic generation of database interfaces

modulewriter is a perl object relational mapping (ORM) tool that automatically generates database specific application programming interfaces (APIs) for sql databases. The APIs consist of a package of modules providing access to each table row and column. Methods for retrieving, updating and saving entries are provided, as well as other generally useful methods (such as retrieval of the highest numbered entry in a table). modulewriter provides for the inclusion of user-written code, which can be preserved across multiple runs of the modulewriter program.
The Effect of Protein Conformation Change from αII to αI on the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle

The bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocycle was followed by use of time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a function of temperature (15-85 degrees C) as the alpha(II) --> alpha(I) conformational transition occurs. The photocycle rate increases with increasing temperature, but its efficiency is found to be drastically reduced as the transition takes place. A large shift is observed in the all-trans left arrow over right arrow 13-cis equilibrium due to the increased stability of the 13-cis isomer in alpha(I) form. This, together with the increase in the rate of dark adaptation as the temperature increases, leads to a large increase in the 13-cis isomer concentration in bR in the alpha(I) form. The fact that 13-cis retinal has a much-reduced absorption cross-section and its inability to pump protons leads to an observed large reduction in the concentration of the observed photocycle intermediates, as well as the proton gradient at a given light intensity. These results suggest that nature might have selected the alpha(II) rather than the alpha(I) form as the helical conformation in bR to stabilize the all-trans retinal isomer that is a better light absorber and is capable of pumping protons.
Probing QCD via four-jet decays of theZ boson

For a quantitative analysis of the non-Abelian three-gluon vertex a continuous parameterisation of possible deviations from QCD is highly desirable. An almost unique extension of the three-gluon vertex is provided by the dimension-6 operator Tr(F μ ν F ν ρ F ρ μ ). The effects of this interaction term on various observables ine + e −→γ,Z→4 jet production are studied in detail. Presente + e − data are expected to give rather weak bounds on such anomalous contributions to the triple gluon vertex.
Sorption of TCE by Humic-Preloaded Activated Carbon: Incorporating Size-Exclusion and Pore Blockage Phenomena in a Competitive Adsorption Model

Naturally occurring, macromolecular dissolved organic matter (NOM) is known to foul activated carbon adsorbents, reducing the ability of fixed-bed adsorbers to efficiently remove targeted synthetic organic contaminants (SOCs). An accurate description of the effects of NOM competition on SOC adsorption equilibria is required to develop dynamic models, which have application to process design and analysis. A model was developed, using an approach based on the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST), to predict trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorption by activated carbon preloaded with humic acid. The IAST model was formulated for a bisolute system in which TCE and humic acid single-solute uptakes were described by the Langmuir-Freundlich and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The humic mixture was modeled as a single component based on previous studies that identified the low-molecular-weight hydrophobic fraction as the most reactive with regard to preloading effects. Isotherms for this fraction, isolated from whole humic acid using ultrafiltration, were measured, and molar concentrations were computed based on an average molecular weight determined using size-exclusion chromatography. The IAST model was modified to reflect the hypothesis that TCE molecules can access adsorption sites which humic molecules cannot and that no competition can occur on these sites. The model was calibrated with data formore » TCE uptake by carbon preloaded with the low-molecular-weight humic acid fraction and was verified by predicting TCE uptake by carbon preloaded with whole humic acid. Further improvement to the model was possible by accounting for pore blockage as a mechanism which can reduce the effective surface area available in TCE.« less
Critical temperature for two-dimensional ising ferromagnets with quenched bond disorder

The configuration-averaged free energy of a quenched, random bond Ising model on a square lattice which contains an equal mixture of two types of ferromagnetic bonds J1 and J2 is shown to obey the same duality relation as the ordered rectangular model with the same two bond strengths. If the random.system has a single, sharp critical point, the critical temperature Tc must be identical to that of the ordered system, i.e., sinh(2J 1/kT c) sinh(2J 2/kT c) = 1. Since c (B) = 1/2, we can takeJ 2 → 0 and use Bergstresser-type inequalities to obtain(ρ/ρdp) exp(−2J 1/kTc¦p=pc + = 1, in agreement with Bergstresser's rigorous result for the diluted ferromagnet near the percolation threshold.
Feasibility of laparoscopic peritonectomy followed by intra-peritoneal chemohyperthermia: An experimental study

Abstract Objective. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is being evaluated for patients with minimal residual or no residual disease after primary surgery and chemotherapy for stage III ovarian carcinoma. The use of operative laparoscopy to perform peritonectomy and HIPEC is reported. Methods. Five adult pigs were used. The placement of trocars in the four quadrants was planned in order to complete a total peritonectomy and then to place the HIPEC drains. The umbilical trocar was then replaced manually by the surgeon through a Lapdisc® to manipulate the bowel loops. The abdominal cavity was filled with heated saline (43°C), and the pumps were activated for 30 min. Results. The procedure was successfully completed with an adequate intraabdominal temperature and distribution. Conclusion. These preliminary data suggest the technical feasibility of the laparoscopic approach for HIPEC, in an animal model without carcinomatosis. Our ongoing research is designed to gather pharmacokinetic data in an experimental controlled randomized fashion to compare a laparoscopic to a laparotomy approach on the same model.
Seasonal variations in photosynthetic response of algae epiphytic on Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Abstract The photosynthetic response to light of epiphytic algae from Lake Wingra, Wisconsin was determined monthly during the 1978 and 1979 growing seasons. A 14 C technique was developed for measurement of photosynthesis of the intact epiphyte community which was then removed by shaking. The photosynthetic rate at low light, α, varied from 5.56 to 18.26 μg C (mg Chl a ) −1 h −1 (μE m −2 s −1 ) −1 while P max B , the photosynthetic rate at light saturation, ranged from 1.0 to 2.6 mg C (mg Chl a ) −1 h −1 . During 1979, variations in α and P max B followed the sun—shade model for photosynthetic adaptation: P max B was highest in summer and lowest in spring and fall, while α followed the opposite pattern. Patterns in α and P max B for 1978 were less apparent. During 1979, P max B was significantly correlated with both temperature and long-term average irradiance. When data from both years were combined, P max B was significantly correlated only with temperature, but the derived parameter I K (= P max B / α ) correlated significantly with both temperature and long-term average irradiance. Epiphytic algae growing at different depths could not be shown to have different photosynthetic responses to light. This is perhaps due to the large variation in response between replicate samples which could not be reduced due to logistical limitations.
Modal karyotype of human leukemia cell line, K562 (ATCC CCL 243)

The chromosome composition of the human leukemic cell line, K562, deposited at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (CCL 243), was studied and further compared with those reported by other laboratories. In CCL 243, the modal karyotype had 55 normal and 14 constitutive marker chromosomes and occurred in nearly 50% of the cultured cell population. Other variant karyotypes were observed either at a low frequency in coexisting minor cell types or only once in all other analyzed metaphases. Normal chromosome #9 and the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) specific Ph/t(9;22) were absent. It appears that karyotypes of most K562 cultures distributed world-wide are similar to each other, with the stable modal chromosome number, and therefore, the modal karyotype presented here should be useful in karyotypic identification of a cell line.
Standards should be applied in the prevention and handling of missing data for patient-centered outcomes research: a systematic review and expert consensus.

Abstract Objectives To recommend methodological standards in the prevention and handling of missing data for primary patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). Study Design and Setting We searched National Library of Medicine Bookshelf and Catalog as well as regulatory agencies' and organizations' Web sites in January 2012 for guidance documents that had formal recommendations regarding missing data. We extracted the characteristics of included guidance documents and recommendations. Using a two-round modified Delphi survey, a multidisciplinary panel proposed mandatory standards on the prevention and handling of missing data for PCOR. Results We identified 1,790 records and assessed 30 as having relevant recommendations. We proposed 10 standards as mandatory, covering three domains. First, the single best approach is to prospectively prevent missing data occurrence. Second, use of valid statistical methods that properly reflect multiple sources of uncertainty is critical when analyzing missing data. Third, transparent and thorough reporting of missing data allows readers to judge the validity of the findings. Conclusion We urge researchers to adopt rigorous methodology and promote good science by applying best practices to the prevention and handling of missing data. Developing guidance on the prevention and handling of missing data for observational studies and studies that use existing records is a priority for future research.
Rectal hydrocortisone for ulcerative colitis refractory to oral corticosteroids.

Rectal instillations of hydrocortisone sodium succinate were used to treat a group of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis that was refractory to moderate dosages of steroid given orally. Four of 11 courses of treatment induced remissions, and in another 3 a significant though incomplete degree of improvement resulted. These results were not so favorable as those in some previous studies in which this treatment was used for selected patients having disease of mild to moderate severity. Since absorption of hydrocortisone from the distal portion of the colon occurs only to a limited degree, larger doses may be given by this route than by mouth without producing toxic effects. Only in 1 patient in the present series was there any clinical evidence of even slight steroid side effects. Rectal steroid administration appears to be a relatively safe and sometimes effective treatment for cases of ulcerative colitis that have not responded to other medical therapy.
Distance traveled by mice after envenomation by a rattlesnake (C. viridis)

Adult mice (Mus musculus, C3H) envenomated by adult prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) traveled an average of 185.6 cm in an open field prior to becoming immobilized (78 sec). The range of distances traveled by the 20 envenomated mice in this study was 0-676.5 cm. These distances give an indication of the extent of the trailing task that confronts a prairie rattlesnake under natural conditions. Hence, laboratory studies of trailing behavior in rattle-snakes should use trails of at least 180-200 cm if results are to have ecological validity. Of course, data from additional strains of rodents envenomated by additional species of rattlesnakes should be accumulated in order to supplement the information provided here.
Exact and asymptotic scaling solutions for fragmentation with mass loss.

Exact and asymptotic solutions to a linear rate equation for fragmentation with mass loss are presented. Solutions for spatially discrete random bond annihilation illustrate the mutual exclusiveness of the fragmentation and recession terms in the rate equation. Exact solutions for deterministic equal fragment recession show that continuous mass loss between fragmentation events can be approximated by discrete mass loss during fragmentation events when this mass loss is small. Evidence that continuous and discrete mass loss preclude shattering mass loss, the loss of mass to zero-mass particles due to runaway fragmentation, is presented. General asymptotic scaling forms, general solutions reflecting arbitrary initial conditions, and explicit scaling solutions are derived.
Leaf structural and photosynthetic pigment characteristics of three gallery-forest hardwood species in northeast Kansas

Abstract Leaf structural and photosynthetic pigment characteristics were measured in three dominant gallery-forest hardwood species in northeast Kansas, U.S.A. Leaves of Quercus macrocarpa and Q. muehlenbergii (more-xeric, shade-intolerant species) had significantly greater thickness, specific mass, stomatal densities and guard cell lengths than leaves of Celtis occidentalis (more-mesic, shade-tolerant). Except for guard cell lengths, these findings are consistent with differences between xeric and mesic species and shade-intolerant and shade-tolerant species. These gallery-forest species generally had much greater stomatal densities and/or lower guard-cell lengths compared to the same species or genera growing in more-mesic forests further in the east of the U.S. Compared to C. occidentalis , the Quercus species had significantly greater total chlorophyll and carotenoids, but similar chlorophyll-a:b ratios. The chlorophyll findings contradict the established idea that shade-tolerant species have greater total chlorophyll and lower chlorophyl-a:b ratios, but may be related to exceptional site and climatic factors.