cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ExoR represses succinoglycan biosynthesis and is required for biofilm formation and motility

The ubiquitous plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens attaches efficiently to plant tissues and abiotic surfaces and can form complex biofilms. A genetic screen for mutants unable to form biofilms on PVC identified disruptions in a homologue of the exoR gene. ExoR is a predicted periplasmic protein, originally identified in Sinorhizobium meliloti, but widely conserved among alphaproteobacteria. Disruptions in the A. tumefaciens exoR gene result in severely compromised attachment to abiotic surfaces under static and flow conditions, and to plant tissues. These mutants are hypermucoid due to elevated production of the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan, via derepression of the exo genes that direct succinoglycan synthesis. In addition, exoR mutants have lost flagellar motility, do not synthesize detectable flagellin and are diminished in flagellar gene expression. The attachment deficiency is, however, complex and not solely attributable to succinoglycan overproduction or motility disruption. A. tumefaciens ExoR can function independently of the ChvG–ChvI two component system, implicated in ExoR-dependent regulation in S. meliloti. Mutations that suppress the exoR motility defect suggest a branched regulatory pathway controlling succinoglycan synthesis, motility and biofilm formation.
Clinicopathologic features of six cases of primary cervical lymphoma.

Objective Primary lymphoma of the uterine cervix is rare, with less than 60 cases reported. We present a series of 6 patients with cervical lymphoma and review the literature. Study design Between 1988 and 2003, we identified 6 women with primary lymphoma of the uterine cervix treated at our institutions. Data for analysis were obtained from hospital charts, office records, and tumor registry files. We also reviewed 20 published reports on cervical lymphoma, providing information on 58 additional patients. Results The median age at diagnosis was 52 years (range 40-76). Three patients had an abnormal Papanicolaou test within 6 months of the diagnosis. Mean tumor size was 8.3 cm (range 3-14 cm). On the basis of the Ann Arbor system of staging where "E" denotes extranodal tumor origin, 2 patients had stage IE, 1 had stage IIIE, and 3 had stage IVE disease. The median follow-up for these 6 women was 33 months (range 12-120). Adding the 6 patients in our series to the 58 patients obtained from published reports, 43 had stage IE, 14 had stage IIE, 2 had stage IIIE, and 5 had stage IVE disease. There was no consistent pattern of treatment identified from our literature review. Conclusion Primary lymphoma of the uterine cervix is a rare malignancy. Most patients present with stage IE disease. Women with localized disease typically respond to various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Combination chemotherapy with tailored radiotherapy appears to be the preferred treatment option in women with advanced disease.
Find your manners: How do infants detect the invariant manner of motion in dynamic events?

To learn motion verbs, infants must be sensitive to the specific event features lexicalized in their language. One event feature important for the acquisition of English motion verbs is the manner of motion. This article examines when and how infants detect manners of motion across variations in the figure’s path. Experiment 1 shows that 13- to 15-month-olds (N = 30) can detect an invariant manner of motion when the figure’s path changes. Experiment 2 reveals that reducing the complexity of the events, by dampening the figure’s path, helps 10- to 12-month-olds (N = 19) detect the invariant manner. These findings suggest that: (a) infants notice event features lexicalized in English motion verbs, and (b) attention to manner can be promoted by reducing event complexity.
Pediatric and Adolescent Tuberculosis in the United States, 2008–2010

OBJECTIVE: We examined heterogeneity among children and adolescents diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, and we investigated potential international TB exposure risk. METHODS: We analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics by origin of birth for persons RESULTS: Of 2660 children and adolescents diagnosed with TB during 2008–2010, 822 (31%) were foreign-born; Mexico was the most frequently reported country of foreign birth. Over half (52%) of foreign-born patients diagnosed with TB were adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who had lived in the United States on average >3 years before TB diagnosis. Foreign-born pediatric patients with foreign-born parents were older (mean, 7.8 years) than foreign-born patients with US-born parents (4.2 years) or US-born patients (3.6 years). Among US-born pediatric patients, 66% had at least 1 foreign-born parent, which is >3 times the proportion in the general population. Only 25% of pediatric patients with TB diagnosed in the United States had no known international connection through family or residence history. CONCLUSIONS: Three-quarters of pediatric patients with TB in the United States have potential TB exposures through foreign-born parents or residence outside the United States. Missed opportunities to prevent TB disease may occur if clinicians fail to assess all potential TB exposures during routine clinic visits.
Striving for Autonomy in a Contingency-Governed World: Another Challenge for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities.

The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an orientation to the concepts and principles of autonomy and self-determination and the application of those concepts and principles to working with children and adolescents who have intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD), including autism. Self-determination is essentially the ability of a person to be autonomous as to meaningful life choices and encompasses activities such as problem solving, decision making, goal setting, self-observation and evaluation, self-management and reinforcement, acquiring an internal locus of control, experiencing positive attributions of efficacy and outcome expectancy, developing a realistic and positive self-image, and self awareness. The lack of opportunities for self-determination, personal expression and consideration of personal preferences experienced by this population has been associated with increased psychiatric disturbance. Several principles supporting self-determination, including positive psychology and use of positive alternatives, are discussed by the authors. Further, practices that generate more opportunities for individuals to exercise personal control and autonomy across activities and environments in order to prevent psychological problems are discussed. Finally, the school psychologist's role in promoting the development of autonomy and self initiative among children and adolescents with ID/DD are outlined within the contexts of assessment practices, interventions and curriculums, positive behavior support technology, and continued educational reforms and systems change. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 143–153, 2004.
Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus in Childhood

Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is characterized by a prolonged seizure that persists despite adequate initial management. RSE accounts for almost one quarter of all status epilepticus and carries significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Treatment varies widely between institutions regarding medication choice, dose, and monitoring. Several agents including nonanesthetic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), anesthetic AEDs, enteral AEDs, and other therapies have been used in RSE. We review the current treatment strategies for RSE, focusing on patient selection, monitoring, optimal dosing and administration of medications, efficacy, adverse effects, and treatment duration.
An Analysis of Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria

The productivity and technical efficiency involved in cocoa production in Nigeria was estimated using the stochastic frontier production function analysis. The study relied upon primary data generated during the 2003/ 2004 production season. Data were collected through the use of a set of structured questionnaire administered on two hundred and fifty cocoa farmers in five Local Government Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. Result of the analysis showed that farmers were experiencing increasing returns to scale in the use of the farm resources. The efficiency level ranged between 0.11 and 0.91 with a mean of 0.72. There existed some inefficiency among the sampled farmers. The major contributing factors to efficiency were age of farmers, level of education and family size. The study observed that there was an opportunity for increase in farmers' efficiency and concluded that policies that would directly affect these identified variables should be pursued vigorously.
Sexual Dimorphisms in Regulatory Systems for Aggression

Characterization of the hormonal processes that mediate the development and expression of sexual dimorphisms in regulatory systems for conspecific, maletypical aggression has provided a model for elaborating the cellular processes that underlie these sex differences. The ability to pursue these relationships, however, is more than simply the product of methodological advances. While the development of receptor assays, highly specific antibodies, and gene probes have vastly expanded the capabilities of neuroscientists, the systematic description of steroidal effects on aggression represents an essential prerequisite if a functional role is to be ascribed to particular molecular events. Our studies on the regulation of aggression in mice have evolved along these lines over the past fifteen years. They have focused on defining active neuroendocrine pathways in adult males and females from various genotypes. Descriptions of similarities and differences between sexes and among strains provided the basis for developmental investigations that sought to define both the specific roles of the androgenic and estrogenic metabolites of testosterone in the differentiation of these regulatory systems and the precise time frame during the perinatal period when they were established. These data, in turn, generated models for evaluating specific aspects of steroid receptor function in the brain that were potentially linked to observed differences in behavioral sensitivity/insensitivity to the aggression-promoting property of gonadal steroids.
Inclusion of an RGD Motif Alters Invasin Integrin-Binding Affinity and Specificity

Invasin is a key adhesin displayed on the outer membrane of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis that mediates the initial stages of infection. Invasin specifically targets microfold (M) cells in the small intestine by binding β1 integrins and is sufficient to trigger eukaryotic uptake of invasin-coated particles, including Yersinia, Escherichia coli, and latex beads. As a result, invasin has generated interest to mediate oral delivery of vaccines and other biologics. Integrin binding affinity has been shown to correlate with particle uptake; thus we hypothesized that invasin variants with higher affinity would confer enhanced internalization. We first performed alanine scanning of surface-exposed tyrosine residues to identify those contributing to integrin binding. We identified two residues, which, when substituted with alanine, reduced binding to soluble α5β1 integrin. Next, we constructed four targeted mutagenesis libraries spanning these and other residues known to contribute to binding,...
Health Care Experiences of Latino Children in Emerging and Traditional Destinations

Background:Latino populations have disproportionately moved to areas in the Southeast and Midwest (emerging destinations), outside traditional Latino enclaves, in recent years.Objective:To examine whether health care experiences differ between traditional and emerging destinations for Latino childre
A Study of Peziza Bronca Peck

collecting party made twenty-one excellent collections of a Discomycete in Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington, that corresponded in many respects to Peck's description of P. bronca. In addition to these collections the writer had six made elsewhere in the United States that were like the fungus from Mt. Rainier. One collection was made by F. B. Cotner in Colorado, two were made in Wyoming by the writer and three were made in Michigan by A. H. Smith. There were important features in these speci? mens pertaining to the spores and paraphyses that were not mentioned by Peck (1875) or by Seaver (1928) who placed the species in the genus Geopyxis. Through the kindness of Dr. Homer D. House, New York State Museum, Albany, New York, a loan of the type collection of P. bronca was obtained. A comparative study was then made, the results of which showed that the heretofore unreported conditions found in the spores and paraphyses of our specimens were found also in the type specimens. Thus was established the fact that all of our collections should be considered
SOLID PYROBITUMEN IN VEINS. PANEL MINE, ELLIOT LAKE DISTRICT. ONTARIO

Globular blebs of solid pyrobitumen (lhucholite of older reports) are found in veins exposed in open stopes and drifts in the Panel miue in the Elliot Lake uranium district, Ontario. The veins fill fractures n the 2.2-2.4 Ga Matinenda Formation. The blebs are s-all (l-10 mm) and vary in shape from round to discoid, twisted or elongate. Their surfaces are shiny and permeated with vesicles. The blebs are eomposed predominantly of carbon with a H/C ratio of 0.57, a reflectivity (R-) of 0.9V0, and a 6l3C value of -330/oo @DB). Pyrobitumen formed early in the veins. The paragenetic sequenc€ ofninerals and pyrobitumen is: quartz, pyrite I, pyrobitumen, sepiolite, pyrite II, pyrrhotite and galena, and finally calcite. The pyrobitumen blebs in the Panel mine are the result of natural migration and maturation of Precambrian petroleum. Pefoleum migrated into fractures, and, with time and increased temperature, polymerized into tarry masses that matured inlo blebs of solid pyrobitumen.
Study and Realization of Guiding of Common Information Model of Dispatching Automation System into Remote Monitoring and Diagnosis Center Interface

For realizing comprehensive intelligent management on condition of electric power equipments and solving problem of information isolated island,this paper proposes an implementation scheme of data interface for power equipment remote monitoring and diagnosis center of Guangdong power grid corporation(thereafter as remote center)and dispatching automation systems of power supply bureaus in various regions(thereafter as regional dispatching system).In aspects of model basis,data form and transmission ways,it states implementation of interface scheme.Application effectiveness of this scheme shows that it is able to automatically upload power grid model and substation connection graphs and measuration files from regional dispatching systems to remote center by data interface which is useful to provide strong model and data basis for intelligent and precise management and control on equipments of the grid and realize model interconnection and data share.
Cellular Electrophysiology and Electrocardiography

The heartbeat is a biological process, which consists of an electrical phenomenon essential to the cardiac cycle. Knowledge of the physiology of the cardiac action potential and its effects on the heart provides valuable information to help understand a wide range of cardiac pathologies and its manifestation through the electrocardiogram. The basic principles of normal cellular electrophysiology changes and its relationship to electrocardiography are reviewed in this chapter.
Eavesdropping and obfuscation techniques for smartphones

Mobile apps often collect and share personal data with untrustworthy third-party apps, which may lead to data misuse and privacy violations. Most of the collected data originates from sensors built into the mobile device, where some of the sensors are treated as sensitive by the mobile platform while others permit unconditional access. Examples of privacy-prone sensors are the microphone, camera and GPS system. Access to these sensors is always mediated by protected function calls. On the other hand, the light sensor, accelerometer and gyroscope are considered innocuous. All apps have unrestricted access to their data. Unfortunately, this gap is not always justified. State-of-the-art privacy mechanisms on Android provide inadequate access control and do not address the vulnerabilities that arise due to unmediated access to so-called innocuous sensors on smartphones. We have developed techniques to demonstrate these threats. As part of our demonstration, we illustrate possible attacks using the innocuous sensors on the phone. As a solution, we present ipShield, a framework that provides users with greater control over their resources at runtime so as to protect against such attacks. We have implemented ipShield by modifying the AOSP.
Approval and Appropriation the Fifth Committee

The fourth, or appropriation, phase of United Nations budget making returns us to the more common pattern of governmental budgeting in that it is carried out by the representative organ which has already considered, and given tentative approval to, the substance of the programs included in the estimates. Yet the analogy cannot be drawn too closely, as this chapter will clearly indicate. According to the Financial Regulations, the Secretary-General’s estimates and the Advisory Committee’s recommendations must be in the hands of the national delegations five weeks before the convening of the Assembly so that they can be given prior consideration before the representatives take their seats in the Fifth Committee in late September. But before the actual procedure is described, it would seem pertinent to examine the exact role of this key Assembly committee, especially in terms of its powers and competence.
Subjective Memory Complaints and Objective Memory Performance

Memory complaints are common in both middle-aged and older adults. Given the frequency of subjective memory complaints (SMC), there is great interest in their relationship to objective memory performance as well as current and/or future diagnosis of memory disorders. On the assumption that SMC can serve as a proxy for objective memory decline, SMC are a core feature of the diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment. Data supporting this assumption are mixed, with some studies demonstrating that individuals with SMC perform more poorly on objective memory tests than those without complaints, whereas other studies demonstrate that SMC are correlated only with depression and other forms of psychological distress. Some data suggest that SMC may be related to attention and other cognitive functions and not to memory performance per se. Brain imaging studies demonstrate a relationship between SMC and the structure and function of brain regions that are critical for memory. The relationship between SMC and objective memory performance differs by age as well as types of participants studied. In this chapter, we review the literature examining the relationship between SMC and objective cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged and older adults, as well as the literature examining SMC as a risk factor for future memory disorders. We describe the differing methodologies employed for measuring both SMC and objective memory performance, examine factors that bear upon the relationship between SMC and objective memory performance, and explore possible reasons for discrepant findings.
Hardware Implementation of an Automatic Adaptive Centralized Underfrequency Load Shedding Scheme

The underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) mostly used in industry is a decentralized deterministic scheme designed to shed a prespecified amount of load after a predetermined time delay. It sheds the same amount of load from the same location irrespective of how fast the frequency drops and without consideration of the disturbance location or dip in bus voltage. Recent studies focused on adaptive UFLS, but these studies are still based on software simulation. This study presents an implementation of a real-time centralized adaptive UFLS scheme using industry-grade hardware. It estimates the amount of load to be shed based on the rate of frequency decline and distributes the load to be shed among the load buses based on the voltage dip at these buses. The UFLS in this study is implemented using a real-time digital simulator, phasor measurement units embedded in the relays, a global positioning system clock, and a synchrophasor vector processor. The load is modelled as a mixture of dynamic and static load. The implemented scheme restored the system frequency and voltage. The results emphasize its adaptability and suitability for implementation in industry.
Achievements, Present Status, and Grand Challenges of Controlled Model Nanocatalysts

Abstract Catalysts are nanoscale materials with atomically defined properties such as charge, bonding interatomic distance, and coordination. These atomic factors are often manifested in the nanoscale by particle size, morphology (i.e., Platonic solids), elemental and chemical composition, particle architecture, and phase. A precise control of catalyst properties in the nanoscale has been achieved via synthetic strategies within colloidal chemistry. By using colloidally synthesized nanoparticles as model catalysts, both model reactions like CO oxidation and industrially relevant processes such as preferential oxidation of CO, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydrogenative reforming of hydrocarbons were successfully evaluated over mainly platinum group metals. It was found that catalytic activity and selectivity can be tuned via size, shape, composition, and architecture of model nanocatalysts. Using model nanoparticle catalysts, it was also demonstrated that catalytic performance could be improved beyond existing traditional catalysts. Current studies in the field are directed in the control of metal-oxide interface, where chemical complexity is targeted. In this regard, in situ and operando studies of well-defined nanocatalysts will be in the forefront of catalytic research in the future. There are also challenges awaiting researchers' attention; a prominent one is the synthesis of ultrasmall clusters in the 5–100 atom range and with shape control. Likewise, potential effects of capping agents are less understood in the last decades and should be explored for the benefit of heterogeneous catalysis in analogy to single-site homogeneous catalysts. Other challenges are developing combinatorial and computational approaches for the guided synthesis of nanocatalysts and in situ techniques with high spatial and temporal resolutions toward measurement of individual catalyst sites and single catalytic turnovers.
Brunn-Minkowski Theory and Cauchy's Surface Area Formula

AbstractWe use Brunn-Minkowski theory and well-known integration tools to prove Cauchy's surface area formula, which states that the average area of a projection of a convex body is equal to its su...
So You Want to Be a Principal Investigator.

Therapeutic trials represent the front line of clinical progress, where the rubber meets the road. The conduct of clinical trials requires unique skills, innate as well as learned, on the part of the investigators who conduct these studies. Often such skills are acquired on the job and are passed on from mentor to junior investigator. However, over the years, the role of the principal investigator (PI) has evolved into a vast list of roles and responsibilities that cannot readily be conveyed through a hands-on approach alone. The fast-paced tempo of drug discovery and development, and the ever-increasing numbers of therapeutic trials being conducted in the United States, combined with a decline in the number of new clinical investigators, have exposed a gap between the expectations placed on the PI and the training and experience of today’s young clinicians, who are being asked to take on the responsibilities outlined in Food and Drug Administration Form 1572. This article aims to begin an exploration of ...
Religious and spiritual issues in counseling and therapy: Overcoming clinical barriers

Clients bring various religious and spiritual beliefs and practices to counseling and therapy. Some of these are healthy, others less so. Unfortunately, despite advances in knowledge and education ...
The Role of the Mass Media in the Enron Fraud

The relationship between crime and the mass media often has been described by researchers as paradoxical. Perhaps the most striking of the proposed paradoxes are the dual contentions that the media can serve as both a cause of crime and a cure for crime. This paper posits that the recent financial scandals in the United States—which began in 2001, when Enron tipped over the first domino in a stunning fission of corporate failures—are a reflection of these contradictory notions of cause and cure.
A Portfolio Analysis of Culturally Tailored Trials to Address Health and Healthcare Disparities

In 2010, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) was authorized by Congress to improve the quality and relevance of evidence available to help patients, caregivers, employers, insurers, and policy makers make better-informed health decisions. We conducted a qualitative analysis of behavioral health trials in the PCORI Addressing Disparities portfolio to examine cultural tailoring strategies across the following priority populations: racial and ethnic minorities, rural populations, people with low-income or low socioeconomic status, individuals with disabilities, people with low health literacy, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities. The Common Strategies for Enhancing Cultural Appropriateness model was used to examine cultural tailoring strategies within trials. We hypothesized increased intersectionality within a patient population at risk for disparities would correlate with the dosage and type of cultural tailoring strategies applied. Thirty-three behavioral health trials applied cultural tailoring strategies and a majority of trials (n = 30) used three or more strategies. Trends in cultural tailoring were associated with certain racial and ethnic groups; however, increased use of tailoring was not associated with the number of priority populations included in a trial. The PCORI Addressing Disparities portfolio demonstrates how a range of cultural tailoring strategies are used, within comparative clinical effectiveness research trials, to address the needs and intersectionality of patients to reduce health and healthcare disparities.
A 48-Year-Old Athletic Man With Bradycardia During Sleep

Case Presentation A 48-year-old athletic man with history of dyslipidemia and second-degree atrioventricular block (Mobitz type I 2:1 atrioventricular block) endorses sleep-related difficulties at his annual physical examination. Mobitz type I block was diagnosed 11 years earlier when the patient presented to his primary care physician with left-sided chest pain for 2 months. He was evaluated by cardiology, with a normal stress echocardiogram. The impression was that the chest pain was nonanginal. He describes sleeping for only a few hours at a time and has nighttime awakenings. He does not wake up feeling refreshed. He experiences passive daytime sleepiness and evening somnolence. He is very active, runs every day, and has participated in several half-marathons. He currently undergoes high-intensity interval training, including running and lifting. Per his wife, the patient snores loudly and has apneic episodes during sleep. One of his siblings has OSA. He denies excessive sleepiness, with an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 2.
Caliphate Redefined: The Mystical Turn in Ottoman Political Thought. By Hüseyin Yılmaz. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018. Pp. 370. $39.95.)

Caliphate Redefined is an ambitious book of wide scope. Its primary thesis is that the historical idea of the Islamic caliphate, which was developed during the formative centuries of Islamic histor...
Thoughts on the Modern Practice of Pediatrics

As chief of three pediatric services in three quite different cities—New Haven, Brooklyn, and Rochester, New York—I have been involved in studies related to quality assurance issues. Although the studies have been hospital based, some inpatient and some outpatient, I believe that extrapolations to the office practice of pediatrics are legitimate. A review of some of these and related studies by others of the quality of the medical care of children; some highlighting of major problems and thus challenges for future pediatric care; and some recommendations will be the subjects of this report. Major underlying theses will be (1) that there is a serious gap between what we know should be done for children and what we do, (2) that this has serious quality and cost consequences, and (3) that we are not using modern information processing and analysis techniques to assist in improving the quality of care in either hospital or office settings. Finally, I will make some suggestions about how the knowledge-performance gap might be reduced.
Fatigue Life Prediction Model Development for Decoupling Capacitors

There is an increasing need for a low cost solution to increase the speed and functionality of microprocessors. Decoupling capacitors mounted on the organic substrate close to the processor chip serve this purpose. Tin-Silver-Copper based solder materials are typically used to attach the capacitors to the substrate. Fatigue failure of the solder joints during field-use due to CTE mismatch between the capacitor and the substrate and due to proximity of the capacitor to the chip is a potential cause of concern. The solder joint materials exhibit highly rate dependent and microstructure dependent non-linear deformation behavior. The microstructure of the solder joints within a decoupling capacitor is very different from the microstructure of solder joints within a ball grid array package. Projecting fatigue life during field-use, where the temperature excursions experienced are generally less than 50 degrees centigrade, using a predictive model that was developed for a larger ball grid array solder joints or that was developed based on accelerated stress testing alone where the temperature excursions are much larger will lead to inaccurate life prediction. In this paper, we have developed a predictive model specifically for decoupling capacitors that can be used to determine the number of cycles for first fail and the mean number of cycles to failure during any thermal cycling conditions - ranging from harsh to benign - due to solder joint fatigue. Experimental data from test vehicles with 0306 and 0508 decoupling capacitors that were attached to the substrate using either SAC105 or SAC305 solder alloy material was used in conjunction with non-linear finite-element based mechanical modeling for fatigue life predictive model development.
Edscottite, Fe5C2, a new iron carbide mineral from the Ni-rich Wedderburn IAB iron meteorite

Edscottite (IMA 2018-086a), Fe_5C_2, is a new iron carbide mineral that occurs with low-Ni iron (kamacite), taenite, nickelphosphide (Ni-dominant schreibersite), and minor cohenite in the Wedder-burn iron meteorite, a Ni-rich member of the group IAB complex. The mean chemical composition of edscottite determined by electron probe microanalysis, is (wt%) Fe 87.01, Ni 4.37, Co 0.82, C 7.90, total 100.10, yielding an empirical formula of (Fe_(4.73)Ni_(0.23)Co_(0.04))C_(2.00). The end-member formula is Fe_5C_2. Electron backscatter diffraction shows that edscottite has the C2/c Pd_5B_2-type structure of the synthetic phase called Hagg-carbide, χ-Fe_5C_2, which has a = 11.57 A, b= 4.57 A, c = 5.06 A, β = 97.7 °, V = 265.1 A^3, and Z = 4. The calculated density using the measured composition is 7.62 g/cm^3. Like the other two carbides found in iron meteorites, cohenite (Fe_3C) and haxonite (Fe_(23)C_6), edscottite forms in kamacite, but unlike these two carbides, it forms laths, possibly due to very rapid growth after supersaturation of carbon. Haxonite (which typically forms in carbide-bearing, Ni-rich members of the IAB complex) has not been observed in Wedderburn. Formation of edscottite rather than haxonite may have resulted from a lower C concentration in Wedderburn and hence a lower growth temperature. The new mineral is named in honor of Edward (Ed) R.D. Scott, a pioneering cosmochemist at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, for his seminal contributions to research on meteorites.
Phantom Threads, Invisible Bridges: Discussion of “Old Objects Die Hard: Generational Ruptures”

Language is an important tool in helping the traumatized individual to make sense of his experience. The talking cure, to be sure, is integral. But what of the role of silence? Are there times when...
Enantioselective Syntheses of 1,4-Pentadien-3-yl Carbinols via Brønsted Acid Catalysis

An asymmetric addition of substituted 1,3-pentadienylboronates to aldehydes via Bronsted acid catalysis is reported. Under the developed conditions, a variety of synthetically useful 1,4-pentadien-3-yl carbinols were obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral phosphoric acid.
Prognostic Value of Teratoma in Primary Tumor and Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection Specimens in Patients With Metastatic Germ Cell Tumor

PURPOSEPresence of teratoma in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is of unknown prognostic significance. We report survival outcomes of patients with or without teratoma in p...
Online Journal Clubs to Enhance Fieldwork Educator Competency in Support of Student Experiential Learning.

Importance: Fieldwork educators receive little or no formal training for student supervision and have sought inexpensive, flexible, online options for role-specific continuing education. Objective: To investigate the use of online journal clubs to enhance fieldwork educator role competency. Design: Mixed-methods study with a prospective cohort design; 5-wk intervention with 6-mo follow-up. Setting: Online asynchronous message board system distributed to fieldwork educators affiliated with two occupational therapy programs. Participants: Academic fieldwork coordinators from two universities facilitated online journal clubs for fieldwork educators. Fourteen fieldwork educators participated in the 5-wk journal club, which included reading an article, engaging in online discussion, and creating a personal application plan. Results: Participants demonstrated strong engagement in the online journal club. Postsurvey results revealed strong and positive feedback related to ease of use, relevance of learning, and satisfaction with the experience. At the 6-mo follow-up, 11 of the 14 participants reported implementing a new strategy to support the fieldwork education process, and all reported that the strategy had been helpful. Conclusions and Relevance: The use of an online journal club was effective as a method for sharing evidence about the fieldwork educator role and supporting knowledge translation. What This Article Adds: Online journal clubs can be an effective tool for providing role-specific training in diverse practice settings and parts of the country.
Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Arrives

Seven years after the development of the first version of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, the major international organizations in the world of video coding have completed the next major generation, called Versatile Video Coding (VVC). The VVC standard, formally designated as ITU-T H.266 and ISO/IEC 23090-3, promises a major improvement in video compression relative to its predecessors. It can offer roughly double the coding efficiency – i.e., it can be used to encode video content to the same level of visual quality while using about 50% fewer bits than HEVC and thus using about 75% fewer bits than H.264/AVC, today’s most widely used format. Thus it can ease the burden on worldwide networks, where video now comprises about 80% of all internet traffic. Moreover, VVC has enhanced features in its syntax for supporting an unprecedented breadth of applications, giving meaning to the word "versatility" used in its title. Completed in July 2020, VVC has begun to emerge in practical implementations and is undergoing testing to characterize its subjective performance.
Providing Person-Centered Care via Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19 in Multiple Sclerosis

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has catalyzed the rapid adoption of telemedicine which encompasses synchronous and asynchronous interactions between patients and providers. In order to facilitate this rapid deployment, there has been numerous regulatory changes to ensure caregivers can effectively communicate with patients during this time. We illustrate a model where people, processes, and technology work together to address the comprehensive needs of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We provide a template for how multidisciplinary, academic practices can implement a rapid shift to virtual management during the pandemic using existing infrastructure that can be widely adopted to care for patients with chronic diseases. Telemedicine was incorporated into our entire practice, which encompasses neurology, rehabilitation, advanced practice providers, fellows, social work, and behavioral medicine. Our patient satisfaction results remained stable across almost all domains when compared to survey results from our typical, in-office visits. Our experience demonstrates telemedicine's transformative potential in successfully managing a multidisciplinary MS clinic during the time of a pandemic and outlines a potential path for other practices to follow.
Unlocking the power of optical imaging in the second biological window: Structuring near-infrared II materials from organic molecules to nanoparticles.

Biomedical imaging techniques play a crucial role in clinical diagnosis, surgical intervention, and prognosis. Fluorescence imaging in the second biological window (second near-infrared [NIR-II]; 1000-1700 nm) has attracted attention recently. NIR-II fluorescence imaging offers unique advantages in terms of reduced photon scattering, deep tissue penetration, high sensitivity, and many others. A host of materials, including small organic molecules, single-walled carbon nanotubes, polymeric and rare-earth-doped nanoparticles, have been explored as NIR-II emitting fluorescent probes. Efficient and viable approaches to design and develop fluorescence probes with tunable photophysical properties without compromising other key features are of paramount importance. Various chemical strategies are explored to increase the quantum yield of these imaging agents without compromising their spatiotemporal resolution, specificity, and tissue penetration capabilities. This review summarizes the strategies implemented to design and synthesize NIR-II emitting nanoparticles and small organic molecule-based fluorescent probes for applications in the biomedical field. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery.
Student veterans in higher education: The critical role of veterans resource centers.

OBJECTIVE To examine how veterans resource centers (VRCs) and corresponding services influence student veteran transitions by applying the Schlossberg Transition Model. PARTICIPANTS 12 student support staff and 6 junior/senior undergraduate student veterans at a four-year public university in California. METHODS In-depth semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with diverse group of university staff and student veterans. Thematic analyses were conducted to identify salient factors that help promote successful transition to college life. RESULTS Overarching theme was the significance of the university's veterans resource center (VRC), which is a designated space that facilitates connectedness and student engagement; fosters collaborations across student support services via liaisons to increase access to vital services/resources on/off campus, provides peer-to-peer mentorship; and includes staff, who understand military culture. CONCLUSIONS Higher education should expand supporting student veterans by having a VRC to help them successfully transition to college life; this would ultimately improve retention and graduation rates.
Reflections on Shared Law School Leadership

Since November 2013, Case Western Reserve University School of Law has had co-Interim Deans. In this article, Jessica Berg and Michael Scharf provide a first-hand account of how they managed a co-dean model at a unique moment in the life of their law school. The article draws on studies about co-CEOs, describes Berg's and Scharf's approach and experiences, and offers lessons for those considering a dual leadership structure at other law schools and institutions.
Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with primary closure versus no primary closure of the defect: potential benefits of the robotic technology.

Background Some authors recommend primary closure of the defect before placement of the mesh. The purpose of this study is to compare laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) without primary closure of the defect (NPCD) versus LVHR with primary closure of the defect (PCD). Methods A retrospective review of 134 LVHR was performed. Each group included 67 cases. For the PCD group the robotic platform was used. Results Groups were similar in terms of demographics and comorbidities. For NPCD and PCD groups mean surgical time was 87.9±53.1 and 107.6±33.9 minutes (p = 0.012); conversion to open surgery was seen in 3(4.5%) and 1(1.5%) (p = 0.310); complications were 7(10.4%) and 2(3%) (p = 0.084); and finally, recurrences were seen in 5(7.5%) and 1(1.5%) (p = 0.095). Conclusions PCD has longer surgical time, however, a tendency in terms of complications and recurrences was found favoring the PCD group. The robotic assistance is a good alternative when primary closure of the defect is attempted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Against all odds – the paradoxical victory of the West Bank settlers: interest groups and policy enforcement

The settlers constitute a minority group whose goals are becoming increasingly unpopular among Israelis. As a result, the degree of legitimacy granted to them by the government gradually eroded over the years. However, their project still thrives. Their impressive success can be attributed to their focus on the bureaucracy. As early as the 1960s, the settlers engaged in a constant effort to identify actors in state and semi-state agencies that had common interests with them. At first they mobilized supporters from within those agencies. Later they made any effort to fill available positions with their own people. Today, the settlers' movement in Israel has fused itself with the relevant elements within the bureaucracy to a degree that many state agencies serve as extensions of the settler movement.
Production and high energy prices: A case of some Pan-Pacific countries☆

Abstract To explore the relationship between price of energy, energy consumption, and output, this paper suggests a simultaneous equation system. Using time-series data for five Pan-Pacific countries — Canada, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and the USA and applying the two-stage least squares method, the above system of equations is estimated for each of the five countries. Short-run GDP elasticity with respect to energy is nearly the same (0.3) for all four industrialized countries. Short-run price elasticity of energy demand is between -0.20 and -0.08 for the four industrialized economies and -0.37 for the Philippines.
Cotransduction of strA and Ribosomal Protein Cistrons in Escherichia coli-Salmonella typhimurium Hybrids

Genetic mapping of ribosomal protein cistrons of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli was performed by phage P1 mediated, generalized transduction. From an E. coli hybrid strain which carried a S. typhimuirum F′ factor, an E. coli strain was constructed which had integrated S. typhimurium genetic material including the region of the strA locus. Salmonella genetic material from this hybrid was transduced into E. coli recipients. The ribosomal protein electrophoretic patterns of these hybrid transductants were correlated with the presence of markers contributed by each parent. The results of these studies indicate that cistrons for at least three characteristic S. typhimurium and two E. coli 30 S ribosomal proteins are closely linked to the strA locus on the genetic maps of both organisms. At least one cistron coding for a 50 S ribosomal protein is also closely linked to this locus on both maps. These findings support the concept that cistrons coding for the ribosomal proteins are clustered in one area of the genome. Mutations to spectinomycin and streptomycin resistance are closely linked in S. typhimurium and are located at strA . Images
Acetaminophen selectively reduces glioma cell growth and increases radiosensitivity in culture

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal brain cancer. Using cultures of rodent and human malignant glioma cell lines, we demonstrated that millimolar concentrations of acetylsalicylate, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen all significantly reduce cell numbers after several days of culture. However, their mechanisms of action may vary, as demonstrated by (1) differences in the morphological changes produced by these compounds; (2) varied responses to these drugs with respect to toxicity kinetics; and (3) respective rates of cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and mitotic index. We studied the effects of acetaminophen on relative cell number further. Evidence is presented that acetaminophen induced cell death by an apoptotic mechanism after a brief burst of mitosis in which cell numbers increased transiently, followed by a reduction in cell number and an increase in DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by terminal deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis. Using cultures of adult human brain and embryonic rat brain, we demonstrated that glioma cells were several-fold more sensitive to acetaminophen than normal brain cells in culture. Finally, subtoxic doses of acetaminophen increased the sensitivity of the human glioma cells in culture to ionizing radiation. Taken together, these results suggest that acetaminophen may prove to be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of human brain tumors.
The Logic of Functional Recursion

Recursive definitions of functions abound in mathematics and logic: in the classical theory of recursive functions on the set ℕ of natural numbers—of course; in (so-called) abstract or generalized recursion theory; and, most significantly, in programming languages, where (especially since the work of Scott [9]) it has become clear that the main “programming construct” is definition by recursion. And so it is important to understand how properties of recursively defined functions—follow logically from their definitions. The paper could be called the logic of programs, but the title above is more specific, more general (in some ways), and also more honest, since the austere, mathematical formulation in which the problem is best understood is quite removed from actual programming practice. The formal proof systems and completeness results of this paper are related to “program verification” very much like predicate logic and its completeness are related to axiomatic set theory; they are certainly relevant, but not of much help in establishing specific, concrete results.