cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ureteral lumen during peristalsis.

This study concerns the size and shape of the ureteral lumen and an assessment of its enlargement during peristalsis. To stop the action of the living dog ureter, it was flooded with isopentane close to its freezing point (− 160° C). The ureter remained frozen until completion of all technical procedures. Photographs of the cut end of active ureters also provided evidence of its luminal characteristics and a movie was achieved of its continuous action. The totally collapsed lumen is stellate in form, epithelial surfaces being in virtual contact. As the lumen opens the points of the stars are last to go, but a square shape and finally a circle result. In a typical experiment, the collapsed lumen had a cross sectional area of 0.12 mm2, enlarging to 2 mm2 in diuresis. This × 17 enlargement occurred over a 3 cm length of the peristaltic wave. Enlargement of the lumen is largely accommodated by thinning of the muscle coats and attenuation of the mucous membrane, there being relatively little gross enlargement of the total segment. Direct photography of the cut end of the proximal segment of the ureter completely confirms the section studies.
Enhancement Bias in Descriptions of Self and Others

Self-enhancement bias is the tendency to describe oneself more positively than a normative criterion would predict. This article reviews the common-rater and common-target paradigms for the assessment of enhancement bias and proposes a social-normative paradigm as an alternative. In this paradigm, enhancement bias is conceptualized as an egocentric pattern of discrepancies between self-ratings and relevant social norms. Correlations between a person's ratings of trait descriptiveness and ratings of trait desirability indicate the degree of enhancement (or diminishment) when the group averages of these ratings are controlled. Two studies demonstrate that most people self-enhance, expect others to self-enhance, and abstain from self-enhancement when instructed to estimate the social norms. Results suggest that enhancement is a controllable bias rather than a cognitive illusion.
User evaluation of the NASA technical report server recommendation service

We present the user evaluation of two recommendation server methodologies implemented for the NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS). One methodology for generating recommendations uses log analysis to identify co-retrieval events on full-text documents. For comparison, we used the Vector Space Model (VSM) as the second methodology. We calculated cosine similarities and used the top 10 most similar documents (based on metadata) as "recommendations". We then ran an experiment with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) staff members to gather their feedback on which method produced the most "quality" recommendations. We found that in most cases VSM outperformed log analysis of co-retrievals. However, analyzing the data revealed the evaluations might have been structurally biased in favor of the VSM generated recommendations. We explore some possible methods for combining log analysis and VSM generated recommendations and suggest areas of future work.
National diversity and world progress

Abstract This paper argues that national boundaries may be more beneficial than economists usually recognize because a world of many nations provides a highly favorable environment for innovation, experiment, and evolutionary improvement in methods for meeting a wide range of human needs. The nature and a few implications of this argument are explored. The sort of system of nations that would appear desirable for fostering long-run progress through parallel experiment and selective interchange is then compared with the dimensions of nations that would seem desirable to promote other objectives, especially good government, optimal international relations, and output from given resources.
High-performance affinity chromatography and the analysis of drug interactions with modified proteins: binding of gliclazide with glycated human serum albumin

This study used high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) to examine the binding of gliclazide (i.e., a sulfonylurea drug used to treat diabetes) with the protein human serum albumin (HSA) at various stages of modification due to glycation. Frontal analysis conducted with small HPAC columns was first used to estimate the number of binding sites and association equilibrium constants (K(a)) for gliclazide with normal HSA and glycated HSA. Both normal and glycated HSA interacted with gliclazide according to a two-site model, with a class of high-affinity sites (average K(a), 7.1-10 × 10(4) M(-1)) and a group of lower-affinity sites (average K(a), 5.7-8.9 × 10(3) M(-1)) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. Competition experiments indicated that Sudlow sites I and II of HSA were both involved in these interactions, with the K(a) values for gliclazide at these sites being 1.9 × 10(4) and 6.0 × 10(4) M(-1), respectively, for normal HSA. Two samples of glycated HSA had similar affinities to normal HSA for gliclazide at Sudlow site I, but one sample had a 1.9-fold increase in affinity at this site. All three glycated HSA samples differed from normal HSA in their affinity for gliclazide at Sudlow site II. This work illustrated how HPAC can be used to examine both the overall binding of a drug with normal or modified proteins and the site-specific changes that can occur in these interactions as a result of protein modification.
An automatically placed-and-routed ADPLL for the medradio band using PWM to enhance DCO resolution

An all-digital phase-locked loop for the MedRadio bands is presented. This ring oscillator based ADPLL was entirely designed and placed-and-routed using digital design flows and was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. Pulse width modulation of the DCO control signals is introduced as a technique to improve the resolution of the DCO to 59 kHz/LSB. This ADPLL operates as a subsampling integer-N frequency synthesizer from 400 to 460 MHz, and consumes 2.1 mA from a 1 V supply, with an rms jitter of 13.3 ps.
Velocity dependence of track density in propane and hydrogen bubble chambers

A study of ionization data for charged particles has been made in an underexpanded propane and a normally operated hydrogen bubble chamber. The gap-length distribution is found to be exponential over a wide range of velocity intervals, and the coefficient of this distribution gives a measure of the true track density,g;g is proportional toβ−n, wheren=1.71±0.11 for propane andn=1.86±0.37 for hydrogen. The density of gaps,G, or of blobs,B, defined with good objective criteria, shows a dependence ong, namelyG(ɛ)=g exp [−g(α+ɛ)]; it passes through a maximum value, the position of which is related to the minimum resolvable gap distance (approximately the the average diameter of individual bubbles). The mechanisms of energy loss orδ-ray formation for the process of bubble nucleation have been discussed in view of these measurements. We find the track densityg to be approximately proportional to the rate of energy loss, dE/dX; this would indicate that the bubble nucleation process may not be as simple as has been considered so far.
2003 Division 35 Presidential Address: Feminist Leadership: Feminist Visions And Diverse Voices

Although the theories and models on feminism and leadership exist, there has been little study of the intersection of the two. The literature on feminist leadership is scant. Few have defined it and fewer still have researched it. Thus, Feminist Leadership was chosen for my presidential initiative. This initiative kicked off a dialogue about feminist leadership that is summarized in this article. The article is based on my presidential address presented at the 2003 Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in concluding my year as President of Division 35, the Society for the Psychology of Women. It identifies some challenges faced by women in leadership positions and by feminist leaders. It identifies the major issues that emerged during a web-based dialogue about feminist leadership. It discusses the intersection between theories of leadership and feminism. It ends with the lessons learned and implications for the future of feminist leadership.
Influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural emissions, and air quality

[1] This study examines the effects of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, and the resulting feedback to natural emissions and air quality. Speciated sector- and region-specific 2030 emission factors were developed to produce gas and particle emission inventories that followed Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B and B1 emission trajectories. Current and future climate model simulations were run, in which anthropogenic emission changes affected climate, which fed back to natural emissions from lightning (NO, NO2, HONO, HNO3, N2O, H2O2, HO2, CO), soils (dust, bacteria, NO, N2O, H2, CH4, H2S, DMS, OCS, CS2), the ocean (bacteria, sea spray, DMS, N2O, H2, CH4), vegetation (pollen, spores, isoprene, monoterpenes, methanol, other VOCs), and photosynthesis/respiration. New methods were derived to calculate lightning flash rates as a function of size-resolved collisions and other physical principles and pollen, spore, and bacteria emissions. Although the B1 scenario was “cleaner” than the A1B scenario, global warming increased more in the B1 scenario because much A1B warming was masked by additional reflective aerosol particles. Thus neither scenario is entirely beneficial from a climate and health perspective, and the best control measure is to reduce warming gases and warming/cooling particles together. Lightning emissions declined by ∼3% in the B1 scenario and ∼12% in the A1B scenario as the number of ice crystals, thus charge-separating bounceoffs, decreased. Net primary production increased by ∼2% in both scenarios. Emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes increased by ∼1% in the A1B scenario and 4–5% in the B1 scenario. Near-surface ozone increased by ∼14% in the A1B scenario and ∼4% in the B1 scenario, reducing ambient isoprene in the latter case. Gases from soils increased in both scenarios due to higher temperatures. Near-surface PM2.5 mass increased by ∼2% in the A1B scenario and decreased by ∼2% in the B1 scenario. The resulting 1.4% higher aerosol optical depths (AODs) in the A1B scenario decreased ocean wind speeds and thus ocean sea spray and bacteria emissions; ∼5% lower AODs in the B1 scenario had the opposite effect.
Sampling of the Intestinal Microbiota by Epithelial M Cells

Sampling of intestinal pathogens and commensals is an important aspect of the gut immune system, and is accomplished through the action of specialized epithelial M cells. Although their sampling abilities have been appreciated for decades, few molecular details of their development or function are known. This review discusses several recent advances in our understanding of these cells, including signals controlling their development, the mechanisms they use for taking up microbes, and their exploitation by certain pathogens. Future research directions are discussed, including development of oral vaccines.
Effects of lovastatin therapy on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen levels

Abstract There are now extensive data suggesting that the progression of atherosclerosis can be altered by cholesterol-lowering therapy. The changes in stenosis severity, measured angiographically, are small relative to the clinical benefit noted. Other factors, in addition to changes in stenosis severity, are probably operative. Effects of cholesterol-lowering on endothelial function, perhaps mediated by reductions in PAI-1 levels, may be one of these mechanisms. This uncontrolled study requires further investigation to elucidate the independent relation between lovastatin, PAI-1, and fibrinogen.
Falls from Grace and the Hazards of High Status The 2009 British MP Expense Scandal and Its Impact on Parliamentary Elites

Although the benefits of high status are well documented, in this research we explore the potential hazards associated with high status that have increasingly been implicated in recent studies. Org...
Morphological basis of pulmonary edema in mice with cytokine-induced vascular leak syndrome.

Patients injected systemically with recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) for treatment of solid tumor develop a vascular leak syndrome (VLS), characterized mainly by pulmonary edema whose pathogenesis is unknown. We have examined the structure of pulmonary vessels in mice with severe VLS induced by systemic injections of rhIL-2 and recombinant human interferon-α-A/D (rhIFN-α), which has a synergistic effect with IL-2. The pulmonary edema was associated with lesions of venous and capillary endothelia, alveolar basement membrane, and type 1 epithelial cells. These changes were more severe and diffuse than those seen in mice systemically injected with rhIL-2 alone, and in beige mice (deficient in NK cells and certain enzymes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes) injected with rhIL-2 and rhIFN-α. The endothelial lesions were comparable to those seen when leukocytes activated by cytokines react with activated endothelial cells in vitro, or at the site of injection of cytokines in vivo. The observations are in a...
The Dielectric Wall Accelerator

Dielectric wall accelerators, a class of induction accelerators, employ a novel insulating beam tube to impress a longitudinal electric field on a bunch of charged particles. The surface flashover characteristics of this tube may permit the attainment of accelerating gradients on the order of 100 MV/m for accelerating pulses on the order of a nanosecond in duration. A virtual traveling wave of excitation along the tube is produced at any desired speed by controlling the timing of pulse-generating modules that supply a tangential electric field to the tube wall. Because of the ability to control the speed of this virtual wave, the accelerator is capable of handling any charge-to-mass-ratio particle; hence it can be used for electrons, protons and any ion. The accelerator architectures, key technologies and development challenges will be described.
Canine bladder response to red and green light whole bladder photodynamic therapy

A normal canine bladder model was used to compare the effects of red and green light whole bladder photodynamic therapy (PDT). Eighteen dogs were treated with Photofrin 1 mg/kg and whole bladder irradiation with red or green light at doses ranging from 20 to 60 J/cm2. Toxicity was assessed using cystometry, cystoscopy, and histopathology. Green light produced more significant vesical toxicity than red light, and this toxicity tended to vary with the light dose administered. Whole bladder PDT with green light at doses greater than 20 J/cm2 resulted in permanent reductions in bladder capacity. Conversely, a green light dose of 20 J/cm2 and red light doses ranging from 20 to 60 J/cm2 did not produce any significant permanent reductions in bladder capacity. Thus, while green light may be more toxic to the bladder than red light, there are distinct combinations of red or green light and Photofrin which can be used in the canine bladder to achieve mucosal degradation without causing permanent vesical dysfunction.
Youth Ministry, Religious Education, and Adolescents with Disabilities: Insights from Parents and Guardians

Youth ministry may not openly oppose the inclusion of teenagers with disabilities, but the actions—or lack of action—of many programs communicates a low commitment to this goal. As an initial step toward understanding and improving the experiences of youth with disabilities in the church, 17 parents and guardians of youth with disabilities were interviewed. These individuals expressed a desire for their children to be included within youth ministry programs and shared what their child might bring to a youth group.
Measurement and modeling of liquid film thickness evolution in stratified two-phase microchannel flows

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells incorporating microchannels ( D<500 µm) can benefit from improved fuel delivery and convective cooling. However, this requires a better understanding of twophase microchannel transport phenomena, particularly liquid-gas interactions and liquid clogging in cathode air-delivery channels. This paper develops optical fluorescence imaging of water films in hydrophilic channels with varying air velocity and water injection rate. Micromachined silicon test structures with optical access and distributed water injection simulate the cathode channels of a PEM fuel cell. Film thickness data vary strongly with air velocity and are consistent with stratified flow modeling. This work facilitates the study of regime transitions in two-phase microchannel flows and the effects of flow regimes on heat and mass transfer and axial pressure gradients.
Role of β-Arrestin in Mediating Agonist-Promoted G Protein-Coupled Receptor Internalization

β-Arrestins are proteins that bind phosphorylated heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and contribute to the desensitization of GPCRs by uncoupling the signal transduction process. Resensitization of GPCR responsiveness involves agonist-mediated receptor sequestration. Overexpression of β-arrestins in human embryonic kidney cells rescued the sequestration of β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) mutants defective in their ability to sequester, an effect enhanced by simultaneous overexpression of β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1. Wild-type β 2 AR sequestration was inhibited by the overexpression of two β-arrestin mutants. These findings suggest that β-arrestins play an integral role in GPCR internalization and thus serve a dual role in the regulation of GPCR function.
SIMBA: A new technique for ultrashort pulse characterization

A novel technique (spectral interferometry using minimum-phase based algorithm, or SIMBA) to recover the phase and magnitude of the electric-field profile of weak ultra-short laser pulses is presented. SIMBA involves measuring with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) the power spectrum of a sequence consisting of a dummy pulse followed by the sample pulse to be characterized. The sample pulse profile is then uniquely retrieved either with the analytical Hubert transformation or with a simple iterative error-reduction algorithm applied to this spectrum. SIMBA presents several significant advantages over existing techniques: it does not require a reference pulse with a known profile, which reduces measurement time and complexity significantly; the experimental set-up is simple and has no moving parts; data processing is fast, allows real-time characterization, and exhibits a lower sensitivity to measurement noise; it can be used to characterize ultraweak pulses; it discriminates between a pulse and its time reversal; and it can characterize a series of multiple pulses with a single OSA measurement.
Fashioning the Reciprocal Norms of Elder Care A Case of Immigrants in the United States and Their Parents in Taiwan

In this study, the author uses the changing practice of geriatric care within transnational Taiwanese families as a case to examine the processes through which a family ideology “travels,” varies, and operates across worlds. Specifically, the author argues that family members across generations reconstruct “rules of reciprocity” to facilitate the application of ethnic traditions regarding aging and geriatric care in the context of family separation and dislocation. Through multi-sited field work in the United Sates and in Taiwan, the author underscores how, given the fact that many Taiwanese immigrants cannot provide physical care for their aging parents halfway around the world, they and their parents place more emphasis on the emotional and symbolic dimension of children’s responsibilities for aging parents. Furthermore, this article highlights how the symbolic hierarchy between Taiwan and the United States complicates the emotional work that Taiwanese immigrants overseas and their parents in the homela...
Unwanted fertility among the poor: an inequity?

OBJECTIVE: To determine if higher fertility and lower contraceptive use among the poorer segments of society should be considered an inequality, reflecting a higher desire for large families among the poor, or an inequity, a product of the poor being prevented from achieving their desired fertility to the same degree as wealthier segments of society. METHODS: Using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 41 countries, we analysed the differences in fertility in light of modern contraceptive use, unwanted fertility (defined as actual fertility in excess of desired fertility) and the availability of family planning services found among poorer and wealthier segments of society. The asset index in each survey was used to construct wealth quintiles and the concentration index (CI) of income inequality was found in health variables. FINDINGS: The relationship between the CI found in the total fertility rate and the use of contraceptives was linear, R-square of 0.289. Unwanted births in the poorest quintile were more than twice that found in the wealthiest quintile, respectively 1.2 and 0.5, although there was wide variation among the 41 countries. The CI in our measure of family planning availability (radio messages, knowledge of services and contact with field workers) was largely positively associated with the CI in modern contraceptive prevalence, respectively R-squares of 0.392, 0.692 and 0.526. CONCLUSION: In many countries the higher fertility and lower contraceptive use found among poorer relative to wealthier populations should be considered an inequity.
The Morse distribution

A problem which arose during research involved in designing a machine to translate hand-keyed Morse code into printed text may be stated as follows: Let X = \{x_i: i = l, 2, \cdots , n\} be a sequence of independent random variables all of which have the same distribution. Assume that the probability that x_i = x_j , i \neq j , is zero. Let k be a positive integer \leq n , and consider all subsequences x_i, x_{i+1}, \cdots , x_{i+k-1} of X consisting of k consecutive variables. Let us distinguish, with a check ( \surd ), the largest member of each such subsequence. We have studied, and partially tabulated, p_n^k (r) , the probability that exactly r members of the sequence X are not checked. This paper contains most of the pertinent results.
“I felt for a long time like everything beautiful in me had been taken out”: Women's suffering, remembering, and survival following the loss of child custody

BACKGROUND: Child Protective Services' (CPS) placements of children in out-of-home care disproportionately impact families marginalized by poverty, racism and criminalization. CPS' mandate to protect children from neglect and abuse is frequently criticized as failing to address the multiple social and structural domains shaping parents' lives, especially mothers. METHODS: We conducted a thematic narrative analysis of in-depth interviews to explore the impact of child custody loss on 19 women who use drugs residing in Toronto, Canada. We also assessed the potential roles of intersectional forms of violence and inequities in power that can both give rise to child custody loss and mediate its consequences. RESULTS: Trauma was identified as a key impact of separation, further exacerbated by women's cumulative trauma histories and ongoing mother-child apartness. Women described this trauma as unbearable and reported persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health conditions. Practices of dissociation through increased use of drugs and alcohol were central in tending to the pain of separation, and were often synergistically reinforced by heightened structural vulnerability observed in increased exposure to housing instability, intimate partner violence, and initiation of injection drug use and sex work. Women's survival hinged largely on hopefulness of reuniting with children, a goal pivotal to their sense of future and day-to-day intentions toward ameliorated life circumstances. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight needs for strategies addressing women's health and structural vulnerability following custody loss and also direct attention to altering institutional processes to support community-based alternatives to parent-child separation. Language: en
Flow-induced deformation of shallow microfluidic channels

We study the elastic deformation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels under imposed flow rates and the effect of this deformation on the laminar flow profile and pressure distribution within the channels. Deformation is demonstrated to be an important consideration in low aspect ratio (height to width) channels and the effect becomes increasingly pronounced for very shallow channels. Bulging channels are imaged under varying flow conditions by confocal microscopy. The deformation is related to the pressure and is thus non-uniform throughout the channel, with tapering occuring along the stream-wise axis. The measured pressure drop is monitored as a function of the imposed flow rate. For a given pressure drop, the corresponding flow rate in a deforming channel is found to be several times higher than expected in a non-deforming channel. The experimental results are supported by scaling analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulations coupled to materials deformation models.
Mystery in the eye of the Beholder: Cross‐cultural encounters on 19th‐century Yap ∗

Abstract After more than three centuries of fleeting encounters between Islanders and Europeans in the Western Carolines, contacts began to grow in frequency and duration in the mid‐19th century. This article focuses on the island of Yap during that period of increased, but still unofficial, contact, ending with formal colonisation by Spain in 1886. The traders who formed the bulk of the foreign population on Yap during this era brought with them contagious diseases, which contributed to Yap's drastic population decline, a trend which continued well into the 20th century. Yapese responded to new trade goods judiciously, maintaining a good deal of control over the trade process. Violence and aggression were not uncommon; but given the tiny trader enclave's vulnerability and need to conduct business, co‐operation and understanding also formed part of the story. The exact nature of the relationship between the two groups remains a mystery.
Saving maternal lives in resource-poor settings: facing reality.

Abstract Objective Evaluate safe-motherhood interventions suitable for resource-poor settings that can be implemented with current resources. Methods Literature review to identify interventions that require minimal treatment/infrastructure and are not dependent on skilled providers. Simulations were run to assess the potential number of maternal lives that could be saved through intervention implementation according to potential program impact. Regional and country level estimates are provided as examples of settings that would most benefit from proposed interventions. Results Three interventions were identified: (i) improve access to contraception; (ii) increase efforts to reduce deaths from unsafe abortion; and (iii) increase access to misoprostol to control postpartum hemorrhage (including for home births). The combined effect of postpartum hemorrhage and unsafe abortion prevention would result in the greatest gains in maternal deaths averted. Discussion/conclusions Bold new initiatives are needed to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality by three-quarters. Ninety-nine percent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries and the majority of these women deliver alone, or with a traditional birth attendant. It is time for maternal health program planners to reprioritize interventions in the face of human and financial resource constraints. The three proposed interventions address the largest part of the maternal health burden.
F-Center Formation by Fundamental Absorption in KI

Irradiation of KI in the fundamental edge results in a temperature dependent rate of F-center growth predominantly proportional to the inverse of the number of F-centers already produced. This is related to a new experimental result – the quenching of low temperature luminescence in irradiatively colored crystals. In addition, the production of F-centers by absorption in perturbed exciton bands and the intrinsic production of α-centers are discussed. Bestrahlung von KJ in der Bandkante fuhrt zu einer temperaturabhangigen Verfarbung des Kristalls durch F-Zentren. Die Bildung der F-Zentren verlauft im wesentlichen umgekehrt proportional zu der Zahl der schon gebildeten F-Zentren. Dies ist verbunden mit einem neuen experimentellen Ergebnis – der Unterdruckung der Tieftemperatur-Lumineszenz in durch Strahlung verfarbten Kristallen. Auserdem wird die Bildung von F-Zentren durch Absorption in gestorten Exzitonenbanden und die Bildung von α-Zentren diskutiert.
A new pulse-echo system for real-time 3D ultrasonic imaging-phantom tests

A high speed filter-based coded-excitation imaging system has been proposed in the authors' previous reports. Here, practical considerations in implementing the proposed system are addressed. Images of a tissue-mimicking cyst phantom are reconstructed by using filter banks of different sizes. The filter banks are established based on simulated system models. During image reconstruction, they simultaneously give scatterer reconstruction along multiple (determined by the filter bank size) directions around each receive line. Results indicate that the authors' filter-based reconstruction approach provides images comparable with a conventional delay-and-sum beamforming image at much higher data acquisition rates. With parallel processing capability, the proposed approach may lead to a better cost-effective real-time 3D pulse-echo imaging system.
Phonological processing in primary progressive aphasia

Individuals with primary progressive aphasia PPA show selective breakdown in regions within the proposed dorsal articulatory-phonological and ventral lexical-semantic pathways involved in language processing. Phonological STM impairment, which has been attributed to selective damage to dorsal pathway structures, is considered to be a distinctive feature of the logopenic variant of PPA. By contrast, phonological abilities are considered to be relatively spared in the semantic variant and are largely unexplored in the nonfluent/agrammatic variant. Comprehensive assessment of phonological ability in the three variants of PPA has not been undertaken. We investigated phonological processing skills in a group of participants with PPA as well as healthy controls, with the goal of identifying whether patterns of performance support the dorsal versus ventral functional-anatomical framework and to discern whether phonological ability differs among PPA subtypes. We also explored the neural bases of phonological performance using voxel-based morphometry. Phonological performance was impaired in patients with damage to dorsal pathway structures nonfluent/agrammatic and logopenic variants, with logopenic participants demonstrating particular difficulty on tasks involving nonwords. Binary logistic regression revealed that select phonological tasks predicted diagnostic group membership in the less fluent variants of PPA with a high degree of accuracy, particularly in conjunction with a motor speech measure. Brain-behavior correlations indicated a significant association between the integrity of gray matter in frontal and temporoparietal regions of the left hemisphere and phonological skill. Findings confirm the critical role of dorsal stream structures in phonological processing and demonstrate unique patterns of impaired phonological processing in logopenic and nonfluent/agrammatic variants of PPA.
Meredith Monk: Four Decades by Design and by Invention

This account of Meredith Monk's directorial, compositional, and performance processes over the past 40 years describes a body of work that spans the multidisciplinary continuum.
Dislocating the domestic in Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman

(2000). Dislocating the domestic in Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman. Sites: The Journal of Twentieth-Century/Contemporary French Studies revue d'etudes francais: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 385-398.
Abgrenzung des Themas und Ziele der Arbeit

Anstelle einer fruher weitgehend einheitlichen Vertriebspolitik tritt heute eine wesentlich differenziertere Vertriebspolitik, die im allgemeinen aus einem Mix von Absatzwegen besteht1, deren Merkmale sich teilweise deutlich voneinander unterscheiden. Fur Finanzdienstleister ergeben sich damit aus einer vertriebspolitischen Sicht grundsatzlich neue Gestaltungsmoglichkeiten.
Opening Class with Panache, Professionalism Pointers, and a Pinch of Humor

This article discusses sources I use to capture my students’ attention for various topics often taught in legal writing courses. Subjects covered include the importance of legal writing, legal research, legal analysis, legal citations, legal writing style, ethics in advocacy, briefs, oral arguments, and untimely submissions.
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition in extravillous trophoblast differentiation: Role in abnormally invasive placenta

Objectives: One aspect of our studies of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP, placenta accreta) involves investigation of cytotrophoblast (CTB) differentiation into invasive extravillous trophoblast (EVT) in normal and AIP pregnancies. Differentiation involves a process with similarities to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), observed in gastrulation, wound-healing and cancer metastasis. We asked whether the CTB to EVT change was an EMT process and whether it was further advanced in AIP. Methods: We compared CTB and EVT from normal, term pregnancies (n1⁄44,8) and EVT from placenta previa (EVT-PP; n1⁄44) and AIP pregnancies (EVT-AIP; n1⁄48) obtained in the mid-third trimester. All AIP pregnancies were placenta percreta as determined by histopathology. After EVT purification by Percoll gradient and immunomagnetic separation targeted to HLA-G, cellular RNA was extracted and analysed on targeted PCR arrays containing EMT-related genes (Qiagen). Results: The EVT/EVT-PP comparison showed no significant differences and EVT-PP results were included in the EVT group thereafter. CTB/EVT comparison showed alterations in 48 of 84 genes (p<0.05). Examples of the fold-change in specific genes illustrative of this process are shown in Table 1. By contrast the EVT/EVT-AIP comparison showed changes in only 14 genes, however this included up-regulation of several genes that have been shown to promote the EMT in other cell types (Table 2). Conclusions: The differentiation of CTB into EVT involves changes characteristic of EMT, including loss of cell-cell interaction proteins such as occludin, an integrin switch, up-regulation of proteases and inhibitors and alterations in other EMT-related cellular components. We conclude that CTB-EVT differentiation appears to be an EMT process. The EVT/EVT-AIP comparison shows clear signs of an enhanced EMT in the EVT-AIP, most notably in the up-regulation of the EMT master regulator, ZEB2 but also in expression changes observed for SNAI2, SPP1, MMP9, TIMP1 and TGFs. P1.29. VARIATIONS IN SUTURE TECHNIQUES AT CESAREAN SECTION AND ITS RELATION TO COMPLICATIONS IN SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCIES
Negotiating Religiosity and Sexual Identity Among Hispanic Lesbian Mothers

Hispanic lesbian mothers face bicultural tensions that stigmatize their roles as mothers. Religion could produce heightened conflict given their potential incompatibility with the role of a "good mother." In particular, there is a potential for conflict between the definition of a "good mother" set forth in Catholicism and the sexual orientation of Hispanic lesbians. I conducted semistructured in-depth interviews to examine how Hispanic lesbian mothers negotiate their Catholic religious identity with aspects of their sexual identity. More specifically, I examined the strategies that Hispanic lesbian mothers use to reconcile or navigate perceived conflict between their roles as a Catholic and as a lesbian. The research questions to be answered were: How do Hispanic lesbian mothers negotiate a Catholic religious and a sexual identity? How do Hispanic lesbian mothers create and maintain a religious narrative? How do Hispanic lesbian mothers redefine religion and spirituality?
Disability in the Workplace A Unique and Variable Identity

Similar to other identities, disability identity can be complex and exist at varying levels of integration with other identities, including an occupational identity. Yet existing empirical research in the management and social science literature on disability in the workplace reveals a lack of appreciation for the complexity of disability identity. In the following review, we move toward a broader conceptualization of disability identity in the workplace by integrating theoretical perspectives on disability identity across disciplines with existing research on disability-related experiences in the workplace. We propose that a worker’s decision to adopt a disability identity in the workplace depends on various factors that function at the intraindividual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal levels. We then draw on a more complex conceptualization of disability identity to inform existing research on disclosure and requests for accommodations, worker safety and well-being, and understanding response...
Improved Fabrication Technique for Microstructured Solid-State Neutron Detectors

Microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors have superior efficiency performance over thin-film coated planar semiconductor detectors. The microstructured detectors have patterns deeply etched into the semiconductor substrates subsequently backfilled with neutron reactive materials. The detectors operate as pn junction diodes. Two variations of the diodes have been fabricated, which either have a rectifying pn junction selectively formed around the etched microstructures or have pn junctions conformally diffused inside the microstructures. The devices with the pn junctions formed in the perforations have lower leakage currents and better signal formation than the devices with selective pn junctions around the etched patterns. Further, pulse height spectra from conformally diffused detectors have the main features predicted by theoretical models, whereas pulse height spectra from the selectively diffused detectors generally do not show these features. The improved performance of the conformal devices is attributed to stronger and more uniform electric fields in the detector active region. Also, system noise, which is directly related to leakage current, has been dramatically reduced as a result of the conformal diffusion fabrication technique. A sinusoidal patterned device with 100 μm deep perforations backfilled with 6LiF was determined to have 11.9 ± 0.078% intrinsic detection efficiency for 0.0253 eV neutrons, as calibrated with thin-film planar semiconductor devices and a 3He proportional counter.
Sensitivity Analysis of Geometrically Exact Beam Theory (GEBT) Using the Adjoint Method with Hydra

The adjoint method with dynamic checking point scheme is used to enable the sensitivity analysis capability of GEBT (Geometrically Exact Beam Theory), a general-purpose code for nonlinear analysis of composite beams. Such a capability can meet the design challenges associated with future air vehicles featuring highly-flexible slender components made of composites. The adjoint method computes the gradient of a user defined objective function to arbitrarily many design and control parameters by backpropagating the sensitivity information through the physics of a simulation. As a first step, we implemented a simplified version of GEBT using the Chebyshev spectral method in a code named Hydra, which solves the nonlinear integral-differential governing equation governing nonlinear bending, together with its adjoint equation. An example in optimal control is used to demonstrate the efficiency of this method in performing very high dimensional optimization problems in nonlinear beam dynamics.
An Analytical Approach to Modeling Supersonic Retropropulsion Flow Field Components

The propulsive-aerodynamic interaction created by a vehicle employing supersonic retropropulsion results in a complex flow field where the bow shock forms in response to the effective obstruction created by the vehicle and the nozzle exhaust plumes. Wind tunnel and computational efforts provide high fidelity insight into these flow structures at the expense of a significant time investment for running simulations. Leveraging analytical techniques to model this flow field allows for more efficient exploration of the effects of supersonic retropropulsion and provides more information on expected interactions prior to utilizing higher fidelity approaches. This paper proposes a method for analytically determining plume structure and the resulting bow shock structure for single and three nozzle supersonic retropropulsion configurations. The single nozzle model is used to validate plume generation methods, and the three nozzle models are used to validate the full flow field structure, including both plumes and the bow shock. Computational simulations at zero angle of attack with a freestream Mach number of 2 show favorable correlation with the developed model.
The nonmedical use of pain relievers among African-Americans: a test of primary socialization theory

AbstractUsing primary socialization theory (PST), we examined the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers among African-American adolescents in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2013. Self-reported nonmedical use of pain relievers, PST constructs, and covariates were addressed using cluster logistic regression. The results indicated that the perception of associating with substance using peers and poor parental bonds were more likely to nonmedically use prescription pain relievers. The limitations and implications for future research are noted.
Nephrology Update: Glomerular Disease in Children.

Although kidney disease is much less common in children than in adults, clinicians must remain alert for the renal conditions that occur in this population because prompt diagnosis and management are essential. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis occurs as an uncommon sequela of streptococcal and other infections. Management is focused on providing supportive measures, including management of fluid-electrolyte imbalance and hypertension, until the patient recovers. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A nephropathy is a primary glomerulonephritis related to abnormal IgA glycosylation. The most common renal issue in children involves recurrent episodes of painless macroscopic hematuria during times of acute infection. Renal involvement occurs in the majority of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), with most experiencing asymptomatic hematuria and low level proteinuria. More severe forms of HSP nephritis, including rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, may progress to end-stage kidney disease. Nephrotic syndrome commonly is related to steroid-responsive minimal change disease, and follows a course of relapses and remissions over time. However, a minority of children have steroid-resistant disease with potential for poor renal outcome.
Pseudo-randomness and partial information in symbolic security analysis.

We prove computational soundness results for cryptographic expressions with pseudo-random keys, as used, for example, in the design and analysis of secure multicast key distribution protocols. In particular, we establish a symbolic notion of independence (for pseudo-random keys) that exactly matches the standard computational security definition (namely, indistinguishability from the uniform distribution) for pseudo-random generators. As a conceptual contribution, we initiate the study of partial information in the context of computationally sound symbolic security analysis. Specifically, we show that (within our admittedly simple, but hopefully evocative setting) partial information can be taken into account in the symbolic model, in a computationally sound way, by simply annotating each key with a label which specifies that the key is either known, unknown, or partially known, without further details about the amount and type of partial information.
Do hypertension and aging have a similar effect on the myocardium

Vascular stiffening and a modest increase in cardiac mass with advancing age in man resemble similar alterations accompanying chronic arterial hypertension. In both hypertensive and elderly normotensive individuals, systolic pump function at rest is not altered, while early filling rate and volume are decreased. Although this abnormality is often attributed to the cardiac hypertrophy per se, prolonged isometric relaxation, which occurs with aging in man and animals and in some types of experimental hypertension, is an equally plausible mechanism. In the aged rat, prolonged relaxation can be attributed to a prolonged myoplasmic Ca++ transient with excitation. This occurs amidst a constellation of other cellular changes, among which are a markedly prolonged transmembrane action potential, diminished sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++ pumping rate, and altered myosin isozyme composition. Many of these changes occur in cardiac muscle of younger animals with cardiac hypertrophy due to chronic increased afterload. While the magnitude of these alterations with advanced age is as great as those with chronic hypertension in younger animals, the magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy with aging is far less than that in experimental hypertension. Furthermore, with aging, these alterations occur not only in the myocardium of the left but also of the right heart (which does not hypertrophy). Thus, myocardial hypertrophy per se does not appear to be the common link between cellular changes due to aging and those due to hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Current status of beta-adrenergic agonists in bronchial asthma.

Adrenergic drugs are the agents of choice for treatment of acute asthma. Aerosol administration delivers the drug directly to the airways, is effective in substantially lower dose than by the parenteral or oral route, and is associated with fewer adverse effects. The new generation of beta-2 adrenergic agonists have a longer duration of action, are effective orally, and have a more selective effect on the airways, vis a vis the heart, than do epinephrine or isoproterenol. Danger from overuse is due less to intrinsic toxicity of the newer drugs than to failure to appreciate that a poor response to repetitive doses of the aerosol agent is an indication of progressive worsening of the asthma attack.
“The Way That I Look at Things [Is] Different Because It's Me”: Constructing and Deconstructing Narratives About Racialized Sexual Selves

Many gender scholars have abandoned the notion that we can explore women's experiences without attention to other identities such as race, class, and/or sexual orientation. Until now, the ways race influences the development of sexual selves has been underexplored. In this paper, I focus on heterosexual women's accounts of the interplay of race, gender, and sexualities. Based on in-depth interviews with sixty-two white and African American heterosexual women between the ages of twenty and sixty-eight, I examine the ways in which narrative work tells a story about the presentation of public sexual selves. I also explore how women's personal narratives are impacted by larger cultural narratives about race. Specifically, through a study of sexuality, I focus on the social construction of “postracialism.”