cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The emotional terrain of parenting and marriage: Emotion work and marital satisfaction

Abstract This study examines how the division of labor surrounding emotion work relates to the marital satisfaction of husbands and wives. The analysis is performed on data from a random sample of couples with at least one child from a northern city in a western state ( N = 96 couples). Results suggest that for both husbands and wives the emotion work received from and performed for their spouse is significantly and positively related to marital satisfaction. Results also suggest that the marital satisfaction of husbands is enhanced when they are involved in performing emotion work for children, but if their levels of emotion work for children begin to approach or exceed that of their wives then their marital satisfaction tends to decline. Implications of the study are discussed.
Durable resistance to the wheat rusts: integrating systems biology and traditional phenotype-based research methods to guide the deployment of resistance genes

Genes which confer partial resistance to the rusts in wheat figure prominently in discussions of potential durable resistance strategies. The positional cloning of the first of these genes, Lr34/Yr18 and Yr36, has revealed different protein structures, suggesting that the category of partial resistance genes, as defined by phenotype, likely groups together suites of functionally heterogenous genes. With the number of mapped partial rust resistance genes increasing rapidly as a result of ongoing advances in marker and sequencing technologies, breeding programs needing to select and prioritize genes for deployment confront a fundamental question: which genes or gene combinations are more likely to provide durable protection against these evolving pathogens? We argue that a refined classification of partial rust resistance genes is required to start answering this question, one based not merely on disease phenotype but also on gene cloning, molecular functional characterization, and interactions with other host and pathogen proteins. Combined with accurate and detailed disease phenotyping and standard genetic studies, an integrated wheat-rust interactome promises to provide the basis for a functional classification of partial resistance genes and thus a conceptual framework for their rational deployment.
A hierarchical model of organizational control for the analysis of information systems requirements

Abstract The organizational control systems model (OCSM) is presented and its value as a tool for the analysis of user-defined information needs discussed. The model is based on the view of goal-oriented organizations as adaptive systems with a hierarchical control structure. With the use of this model, the structure of an organization's control system is characterized in terms of functional and control hierarchies. The logical information processing network (LIPN) model is then used in the identification and specification of the information processing structure underlying the organization's control system. The interplay of these two models in the analysis and specification of information system requirements is also discussed in the context of the abstraction-synthesis methodology of information systems development. This methodology aims at the development of information systems that support the organization's control system with due regard to the modes of interaction required by the information system users. The approach presented here is also discussed in relation to current methodologies of information systems development.
Modeling of a two-stage draw process

Abstract In our earlier work ( S.E. Bechtel et al., J Appl Mech 2000;67(1):197–206 ) we created a model for slip of linearly elastic belts on pulleys, and adapted our model to isothermal draw of fibers on rollers (submitted for publication). Here, we: (i) incorporate temperature dependence, (ii) extend the constitutive characterization to piecewise linearly elastic–plastic fibers to capture the softening behavior of as-spun fibers, and (iii) assemble governing equations for fibers on rollers and in freespans, together with matching conditions, to produce a comprehensive model for a two-stage, non-isothermal industrial draw process. The model is then employed to simulate three representative drawlines.
Immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy for severe lower GI bleeding: a feasibility study

Background Urgent colonoscopy is not always the preferred initial intervention in severe lower GI bleeding because of the need for a large volume of oral bowel preparation, the time required for administering the preparation, and concern regarding adequate visualization. Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy for severe lower GI bleeding. Design Prospective feasibility study of immediate colonoscopy after tap-water enema without oral bowel preparation, aided by water-jet pumps and mechanical suction devices in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a primary diagnosis of severe lower GI bleeding. Setting Tertiary referral center. Main Outcome Measurements Primary outcome measurement was the percentage of colonoscopies in which the preparation permitted satisfactory evaluation of the entire length of the colon suspected to contain the source of bleeding. Secondary outcome measurements were visualization of a definite source of bleeding, length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, rebleeding rates, and transfusion requirements. Results Thirteen procedures were performed in 12 patients. Complete colonoscopy to the cecum was performed in 9 of 13 patients (69.2%). However, endoscopic visualization was thought to be adequate for definitive or presumptive identification of the source of bleeding in all procedures, with no colonoscopy repeated because of inadequate preparation. A definite source of bleeding was identified in 5 of 13 procedures (38.5%). The median length of ICU stay was 1.5 days; of hospital stay, 4.3 days. Recurrent bleeding during the same hospitalization, requiring repeated endoscopy, surgery, or angiotherapy, was seen in 3 of 12 patients (25%). Limitations Uncontrolled feasibility study of selected patients. Conclusion Immediate unprepared hydroflush colonoscopy in patients with severe lower GI bleeding is feasible with the hydroflush technique.
Doping studies of spray-deposited CdTe films

Abstract The results of doping spray-deposited cadmium telluride films on glass substrates are reported. The films were 1–4 μm thick, displayed excellent adhesion to the substrate and possessed good surface morphology. The doping was achieved by incorporating the dopant source into the spraying solution. The films doped with indium and sodium show a decrease in resistivity by a factor of 100 with respect to the resistivity of undoped films grown under similar conditions. Attempts to dope with caesium and phosphorus were not satisfactory. Transport measurements were performed and they were found to be influenced significantly by the built-in potential at the grain boundaries.
Effect of Surface Iron on Gate Oxide Integrity and its Removal from Silicon Surfaces

We found that effective removal of iron from silicon surfaces requires at least three steps (plus rinses), one of which must be an hydrofluoric acid solution. Even for wafers without intentional contamination, the chemical cleans before oxidation can strongly affect the photoconductivity recombination lifetime of the wafers: a very low lifetime for silicon wafers with SC1-last surfaces, a relatively high lifetime for silicon wafers with SC2-last surfaces, and a high lifetime for silicon wafers with HF-last surfaces. We also found that precipitates and stacking-fault like defects caused by iron contamination were formed underneath thermally-grown silicon oxide. We believe that the precipitates were iron silicides formed during the oxidation of iron-contaminated silicon.
Constraining the structure of the non-spherical pre-protostellar core L1544

We present a study of the pre-protostellar core L1544. A series of self-consistent, three-dimensional continuum radiative transfer models is constructed. The outputs of these models are convolved with appropriate telescope beam responses, and compared with existing SCUBA data. The resulting comparison allows us to constrain the structure of L1544. We find that the source is well-fitted by a prolate spheroid, having an ellipsoidal power-law density distribution of index m ∼ 2(1.75 < m < 2.25) in to at least r ∼ 1600 au. For r < 1600 au, the data are consistent with either an extension of the power law to smaller radii, or a flattened (Bonner-Ebert-like) density distribution. Furthermore, we find an optical depth along the short axis at 1300 μm of τ 1300,short = 5 x 10 -3 (2 x 10 -3 < τ 1300,short < 8 x 10 -3 ), a central luminosity L* =0(<10 -3 L ○. ), a long-axis diameter D = 0.1 pc [0.08 < D(pc) < 0.16; 16000 < D(au) < 32 000], an axis ratio q = 2 (1.7 < q < 2.5), and an external interstellar radiation field (ISRF) defined by Mathis et al. to within 50 per cent. The outer diameter and axis ratio may each be somewhat larger due to potential on-source chopping in the observations, and the projection of the long axis on to the plane of the sky. While these results are similar to those inferred directly from observations or spherical modelling due to the source transparency at submillimetre wavelengths, we infer a smaller size, lower mass, and higher optical depth/column density, exposed to a stronger external radiation field than previously assumed. Finally, we find that both the spectral energy distribution (SED) and surface brightness distribution are necessary to constrain the source properties in this way, and even a modest variation in X 2 can significantly alter the fit quality.
The effect of elastase-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies on the virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompromised mice.

Elastase has been implicated as a potential virulence factor involved in the invasion process of the opportunistic pathogen,Aspergillus fumigatus. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, known to inhibit elastase in vitro, were employed in an immunocompromised mouse model of invasive aspergillosis to determine if the antibodies could protect mice from fatal infection. Individual monoclonal antibodies, known to inhibit elastase partially (13 to 23%), or combinations of monoclonal antibodies, known to inhibit elastase 70 to 100%, were tested in the mouse model. No individual nor combination of monoclonal antibodies protected immunosuppressed, infected mice in the doses tested. Similarly, elastase-specific polyclonal antibodies, raised in mice or rabbits, did not exhibit a protective effect, nor did immunization of mice with elastase prior to immunosuppression and infection. Histological examination of the lungs of immunosuppressed, infected mice showed no amelioration of fungal invasiveness by treatment with elastase-specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. However, immunocompetent mice, instilled with a spore inoculum much higher than used in the preceding studies and treated with antibodies, survived, while control mice not treated with antibodies were overwhelmed by the massive spore dose and died. Nevertheless, overall evidence suggests that elastase may not be the primary virulence factor involved in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Impact on survivors of retinoblastoma when informed of study results on risk of second cancers.

Background To assess the impact of providing research feedback to retinoblastoma survivors or their parents regarding the risk of second cancers. Procedure A four-page survey was sent to 801 retinoblastoma survivors and 55 parents to ascertain their reactions to a “results-letter.” The “results-letter” provided feedback from a study indicating that retinoblastoma survivors may be at increased risk of second cancers. Results Three hundred and thirty-nine (339) retinoblastoma survivors and 43 parents responded to the survey. Eighty-four percent (84%) of respondents found the “results-letter” “very” to “extremely” understandable and 72% found it “very” to “extremely” useful. Participants scored “very” to “extremely” to the following emotions: frightened = 28%, anxious = 27%, sad = 25%, overwhelmed = 15%, angry = 11%, and guilty = 6%. Five (1.4%) respondents stated that they would have preferred not to receive the results. Responses did not vary significantly between survivors with different risks of second cancers. No significant differences were observed between males and females. However, parents were significantly more likely to report feelings of anxiety, guilt, anger, being overwhelmed, and frightened compared to adult retinoblastoma survivors (P < 0.05). Individuals with less than a college education were significantly more sad, angry, overwhelmed, and frightened by the information than individuals with a college degree or higher (P < 0.05). Eighteen percent (18%) of all respondents shared the feedback with their physician. The method of choice for receiving results was by letter with contact names and phone numbers. Conclusions These findings indicate that research participants want feedback even when the information is upsetting. Additional studies are needed to identify individuals who experience greater levels of distress following feedback in an attempt to provide improved methods of feedback and support. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;41:36–43. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Durability of benefits of endovascular versus conventional abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Abstract Purpose: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is reported to result in less initial patient morbidity and a shorter hospital length of stay (LOS) when compared with conventional AAA repair. We sought to examine the durability of this result during the intermediate follow-up interval. Methods: The records of all admissions for all patients who underwent AAA repair during a 26-month interval were reviewed. Results: Three hundred thirty-seven (337) patients underwent procedures to repair AAAs (163 open and 174 endovascular). Endovascular procedures were performed with a variety of devices (Talent, 108; Ancure, 36; AneuRx, 26; Zenith, 2; and Cordis, 2) and configurations (141 bifurcated and 33 aortomonoiliac). The mean follow-up period was 10.6 months (endovascular repair) and 12.3 months (open repair). LOS did not significantly vary by device ( P =.24 to P =.92) or configuration ( P =.24). The initial median LOS for procedures was significantly shorter ( P =.009) for endovascular repairs (5 days) than for open procedures (8 days). However, the patients who underwent endovascular repair were more likely to be readmitted during the follow-up interval when compared with patients who underwent open procedure. The readmission-free survival rate after AAA repair at 12 months was 95% for patients for open AAA repair versus 71% for patients for endovascular repair ( P P =.21). The patients for endovascular AAA repair most commonly needed readmission for treatment of endoleak (n = 31), wound infection (n = 12), and graft limb thrombosis (n = 9). Although women had similar LOS to men for endovascular repair ( P =.44), they had longer initial LOS for open AAA repair (15 versus 10 days; P =.03). After endovascular repair, women were more likely than men to be readmitted by 12 months (51% versus 71% readmission-free survival rate; P =.03) and they had longer LOS on readmission (13.2 versus 5.2 days; P =.006). No gender differences were identified for patients after open AAA repair regarding readmission-free survival rate ( P =.09) or LOS on readmission ( P =.98). Conclusion: Although initial LOS was shorter for the patients who underwent endovascular as compared with conventional AAA repair, this advantage was lost during the follow-up interval because of frequent readmission for the treatment of procedure-related complications, chiefly endoleak. These readmissions frequently involved the performance of additional invasive procedures. Gender differences existed regarding LOS and the likelihood of complications after open and endovascular AAA repair. (J Vasc Surg 2002;35:222-8.)
Molecular cloning and characterization of human thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies of lambda light chain type

Abstract IgG class thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibodies with kappa light (L) chains predominate in serum and the genes for a large repertoire of such autoantibodies have been characterized. The present study was performed to clone and characterize TPO autoantibodies with lambda L chains which comprise ∼20% of serum TPO autoantibodies. From a combinatorial IgG H/lambda L chain cDNA library in the phage display vector pComb3, 24 TPO-binding clones with lambda L chains were isolated, comprising three different heavy (H) and light (L) chain combinations. These combinations utilized two genes from the Vlambda II and IIIb families (closest germline genes DPL11 and hsigg11150 ) and three genes from the VH1, VH3 and VH4 families ( VH26 , 4.34 and hv1L1 ). The deduced amino acid sequences of these H chains were quite different from those of kappa F(ab) isolated using the same H chain library. We expressed the proteins for these three lambda F(ab), as well as for a lambda F(ab) (Humlv318 L chain/DP10-like H chain) previously isolated from another patient. The affnities for TPO of the lambda F(ab) ( K d 8 × 10 −10 M to 10 −7 M) were lower than those of the kappa F(ab) ( K d ∼ 10 −10 M). For two lambda F(ab), both H and L chain genes were close to germline configuration, but there was no straightforward relationship between the extent of somatic mutation from germline configuration and affinity for TPO. All four lambda F(ab) bound less well to denatured TPO as to native TPO. The three F(ab) for which sufficient protein could be expressed for competition studies all recognized domain B within the immunodominat region on TPO previously identified using F(ab) with kappa L chains. Aside from these TPO-specific F(ab), only a few other human IgG class, organ-specific autoantibodies with lambda L chains have been characterized at the molecular level. Our study significantly augments the small database on this category of autoantibodies in general.
Orientation and distance recovery of Lambertian planar surfaces in light-attenuating media from optical images

Recovery of the shape of objects from their image shading has been addressed extensively for land environments. However, these techniques cannot be applied directly when the attenuation of light is significant and artificial lighting is the sole source of illumination, as in deep-ocean environments. To do this, we must take into account effects due to lighting and attenuation in addition to other factors corresponding to surface shape and reflectance properties. We present simplified equations for scene radiance and image irradiance that incorporate the effects of attenuation in the medium. Based on these, we derive the reflectance map for a Lambertian surface illuminated by a point source. We then show how the orientation of a Lambertian planar patch can be recovered from its image shading in closed form. More robust solutions are obtained when the distance to the surface is known. Some simplifications arise in the cases of illumination from a collimated light source and point-source illumination in a nonattenuating medium. Computer simulations and results of experiments with real images are presented to show the accuracy of these solutions.
Toward a more comprehensive view of L2 writing: Foreign language writing in the U.S.

Abstract In order to be accurate and inclusive, a theory of second-language writing must take into account information about foreign language (FL) (i.e., non-English) writing. This article reviews over 200 published works concerning FL writing and research pedagogy in the United States and proposes directions for inquiry in FL writing, focusing especially on the need for discussion of the purpose of writing in the FL course. The article also outlines ways in which ESL writing specialists can benefit from becoming familiar with FL writing research and pedagogy.
SpotOn: a batch computing service for the spot market

Cloud spot markets enable users to bid for compute resources, such that the cloud platform may revoke them if the market price rises too high. Due to their increased risk, revocable resources in the spot market are often significantly cheaper (by as much as 10×) than the equivalent non-revocable on-demand resources. One way to mitigate spot market risk is to use various fault-tolerance mechanisms, such as checkpointing or replication, to limit the work lost on revocation. However, the additional performance overhead and cost for a particular fault-tolerance mechanism is a complex function of both an application's resource usage and the magnitude and volatility of spot market prices. We present the design of a batch computing service for the spot market, called SpotOn, that automatically selects a spot market and fault-tolerance mechanism to mitigate the impact of spot revocations without requiring application modification. SpotOn's goal is to execute jobs with the performance of on-demand resources, but at a cost near that of the spot market. We implement and evaluate SpotOn in simulation and using a prototype on Amazon's EC2 that packages jobs in Linux Containers. Our simulation results using a job trace from a Google cluster indicate that SpotOn lowers costs by 91.9% compared to using on-demand resources with little impact on performance.
Crystal structures of substrate and substrate analog complexes of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase: endogenous Fe3+ ligand displacement in response to substrate binding.

Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD) utilizes a ferric ion to catalyze the aromatic ring cleavage of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (PCA) by incorporation of both atoms of dioxygen to yield β-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. The crystal structures of the anaerobic 3,4-PCD·PCA complex, aerobic complexes with two heterocyclic PCA analogs, 2-hydroxyisonicotinic acid N-oxide (INO) and 6-hydroxynicotinic acid N-oxide (NNO), and ternary complexes of 3,4-PCD·INO·CN and 3,4-PCD·NNO·CN have been determined at 2.1−2.2 A resolution and refined to R-factors between 0.165 and 0.184. PCA, INO, and NNO form very similar, asymmetrically chelated complexes with the active site Fe3+ that result in dissociation of the endogenous axial tyrosinate Fe3+ ligand, Tyr447 (147β). After its release from the iron, Tyr447 is stabilized by hydrogen bonding to Tyr16 (16α) and Asp413 (113β) and forms the top of a small cavity adjacent to the C3−C4 bond of PCA. The equatorial Fe3+ coordination site within this cavity is unoccupied in the anaerobic ...
Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry3Bb1 protein in a soil microcosm.

Abstract Transgenic crops expressing insecticidal, crystalline (Cry) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins were commercialized in the US in 1996. There is little information in the peer-reviewed literature on the environmental fate of the coleopteran-active Bt Cry3Bb1 protein expressed in event MON863 corn. The exposure characterization of Bt proteins is unique in that the fate of the protein in soil and in crop residue must be considered. To date, the significance of macrodecomposing organisms, such as earthworms, isopods, and springtails, to the dissipation of Bt proteins present in crop residue has not been assessed. In addition, the input of Bt proteins into soil through leaching from post-harvest crop residue has not been examined. Two laboratory microcosm studies were conducted to determine the fate of Bt Cry3Bb1 in decomposing MON863 corn residue and to determine whether Bt proteins can enter soil by leaching from crop residue. In addition, the importance of macrodecomposing organisms to the degradation of Bt proteins in corn residue was assessed. Laboratory microcosms containing MON863 corn leaf, root, and stalk with and without macrodecomposers were used to examine the fate of Bt Cry3Bb1 in post-harvest MON863 corn residue. A half-life of less than five days was found for Bt Cry3Bb1 protein in decomposing MON863 corn residue. There was a trend of increasing half-life of Cry3Bb1 in microcosms containing macrodecomposers, however, this trend was only significant (p
How executive coaching can change leader behavior and improve meeting effectiveness: An exploratory study.

Business meetings are the focus of extensive executive time and effort. Research has shown that poor leadership during meetings results in negative outcomes; however, few studies have explored effective leader behaviors during team meetings. From “expert leader” observations, the author hypothesized that more effective meeting leaders ask questions, summarize, and test for consensus more frequently, and they disagree, attack, and give information less frequently. Executive behaviors were observed and tallied into these categories during team meetings before and after executive coaching. Three cases illustrate how coaching was done using these measures of meeting leadership behaviors. After coaching, study participants (20 men, 1 woman) exhibited significant behavioral changes. Implications for practice include the utility of new methodological tools and the efficacy of coaching on meeting leadership effectiveness. Research seems warranted on the measures themselves and on team and organizational outcomes.
Physical properties of model graft copolymers and their use as blend compatibilizers

The present investigation pertains to the structure–property relationships of highly structured graft copolymers. The specific model graft copolymers are based on an elastomeric backbone, i.e., poly(ethyl acrylate), and monodisperse thermoplastic grafts, i.e., polystyrene. The synthesis of these graft copolymers is based on the free-radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate and an anionically polymerized polystyrene macromonomer. It is clearly demonstrated that grafts significantly enhance tensile properties. The level of improvement is directly related to the graft level, i.e., number of grafts/chain, and graft molecular weight. In addition, blending these graft copolymers into their respective homopolymer mixture results in a mechanical performance strikingly dependent on the molecular characteristics of the graft copolymer. For example, tensile strength is maximized at a level between one and two grafts per chain. This result parallels observations noted in blend compatibilization using diblock and triblock copolymers. It is also demonstrated that using mutually grafted copolymers produces an interesting variety of compatibilized ternary (or higher) component blends. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The new costitution proposed for missoure

After many efforts a Constitutional Convention was held in Missouri . The people will vote on its proposals on February 26
The volume-outcomes effect in hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery: hospital versus surgeon contributions and specificity of the relationship.

Background Although the relationship between hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) procedure volume and outcomes is established, the relative importance of hospital and surgeon effects and the specificity of the volume-outcomes effect remain ill-defined. We sought to comprehensively characterize the hospital and surgeon volume-outcomes relationships in high-risk HPB surgery. Study Design The 1998 to 2005 State Inpatient Databases for Florida, Maryland, and New York were used to identify patients undergoing complex HPB surgery and to quantify hospital and surgeon procedure volumes. The effects of hospital and surgeon procedure volumes on casemix-adjusted inpatient mortality were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models. Results For hepatic resection, hospital procedure volume predicted mortality (high versus low volume, odds ratio [OR] 0.48, p=0.04), but surgeon volume did not (p=0.42). For pancreatic resection, in contrast, both hospital (OR 0.32, p Conclusions In HPB surgery, the relative contributions of hospital versus surgeon volume vary according to the specific procedure in question. In addition, the association between hospital or surgeon volume and in-hospital mortality is very specific to the procedure in question. High-volume expertise in one area of HPB surgery does not translate into improved outcomes for related procedures. These data may have implications for quality assessment and improvement, patient referral, and HPB surgical training.
A filter to suppress ECG baseline wander and preserve ST-segment accuracy in a real-time environment.

Abstract Accurate monitoring of the ST-segment displacements in real-time environments can be distorted by the nonlinear phase response of a baseline filter such as the single-pole, high-pass (0.5 Hz) filter that is standard in the industry today. The authors have previously constructed a four-pole null phase (1.0 Hz) filter that is nearly ideal in suppressing baseline wander while preserving ST-segment accuracy; however, this foreward/backward filter requires capture of a large ECG segment before filtering, thereby producing a delay that is unacceptable in a real-time environment. As a practical compromise, a two-pole, phase-compensated (1.0 Hz) filter was constructed while introducing a small time delay (160 ms). It performs much better than the “standard filter” and almost as well as the “ideal” filter in several tests, namely (1) suppression of baseline wander in a series of ECGs, (2) suppression of artificial baseline, (3) response to a triangular impulse wave (American Heart Association test), and (4) J-point displacement in several ECGs.
Additional male mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata wied.) Attractants from Angelica seed oil (Angelica archangelica L.).

Two sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, β-copaene and β-ylangene, were isolated from bioactive fractions of angelica seed oil and were shown by field bioassays to be attractive to the male Mediterranean fruit fly. Their relative attractiveness, compared with the(+)-and (−)-α-copaene enantiomers, are: (+)-α-copaene>angelica β-copaene>angelica β-ylangene>(−)-α-copaene. The enantiomer ratios for the two compounds are: β-copaene, 61.4% (+), 38.6% (−); β-ylangene, 91.9% (+), 8.1% (−).trans-α-Bergamotene was also isolated from the same fractions, but in sufficient quantity for bioassay [enantiomer ratio: 95.7% (+), 4.3% (−)].
Top management team tenure and technological inventions at post-IPO biotechnology firms

Abstract We examine how top management teams (TMTs) facilitate invention performance. We test our hypotheses with a sample of 185 biotech firms that issued initial public offerings (IPOs) between 1980 and 1997. We predict that the percentage of founders on TMT has an inverted U-shaped relationship with invention performance. Average intrafirm tenure will be negatively associated with invention performance and average TMT member experiences from competitors or outside the industry will be positively associated with invention performance. Finally, contextual factors such as firm size and firm age moderate the impact of TMT experiences on invention performance.
Local time-stepping procedures for the space-time conservation element and solution element method

A local time-stepping procedure for the space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method has been developed. This new procedure allows for variation of time-step size in both space and time, and can also be extended to become multi-dimensional solvers with structured/unstructured spatial grids. Moreover, it differs substantially in concept and methodology from the existing approaches. By taking full advantage of key concepts of the CESE method, in a simple and efficient manner it can enforce flux conservation across an interface separating grid zones of different time-step sizes. In particular, no correction pass is needed. Numerical experiments show that, for a variety of flow problems involving moving shock and flame discontinuities, accurate and robust numerical simulations can be achieved even with a reduction in time-step size on the order of 10 or higher for grids across a single interface.
Edad Áurea y "res publica": en torno a las fuentes clásicas del utopismo de Vasco de Quiroga

En el presente escrito trataremos las fuentes clasicas –explicitas e implicitas– en la obra de Vasco de Quiroga, bajo la consideracion de que es a partir de cierta interpretacion de estas fuentes desde donde surgira, en conjuncion con el cristianismo, no solo una determinada concepcion del mundo y de la historia, sino tambien una concreta praxis politica como alternativa a las encomiendas. De esta manera, se presenta un modo de pensar, desde la tradicion de pensamiento hispana y en virtud del dialogo con el mundo clasico, la problematica cuestion de una correcta res publica indiana.
A connection between the Einstein and Yang-Mills equations

It is our purpose here to show an unusual relationship between the Einstein equations and the Yang-Mills equations. We give a correspondence between solutions of the self-dual Einstein vacuum equations and the self-dual Yang-Mills equations with a special choice of gauge group. The extension of the argument to the full Yang-Mills equations yields Einstein's unifield equations. We try to incorporate the full Einstein vacuum equations, but the approach is incomplete. We first consider Yang-Mills theory for an arbitrary Lie-algebra with the condition that the connection 1-form and curvature are constant on Minkowski space. This leads to a set of algebraic equations on the connection components. We then specialize the Lie-algebra to be the (infinite dimensional) Lie-algebra of a group of diffeomorphisms of some manifold. The algebraic equations then become differential equations for four vector fields on the manifold on which the diffeomorphisms act. In the self-dual case, if we choose the connection components from the Lie-algebra of the volume preserving 4-dimensional diffeomorphism group, the resulting equations are the same as those obtained by Ashtekar, Jacobsen and Smolin, in their remarkable simplification of the self-dual Einstein vacuum equations. (An alternative derivation of the same equations begins with the self-dual Yang-Mills connection now depending only on the time, then choosing the Lie algebra as that of the volume preserving 3-dimensional diffeomorphisms.) When the reduced full Yang-Mills equations are used in the same context, we get Einstein's equations for his unified theory based on absolute parallelism. To incorporate the full Einsteinvacuum equations we use as the Lie group the semi-direct product of the diffeomorphism group of a 4-dimensional manifold with the group of frame rotations of anSO(1, 3) bundle over the 4-manifold. This last approach, however, yields equations more general than the vacuum equations.
Progressive outer retinal necrosis: a missed diagnosis and a blind, young woman

We present a 33-year-old woman with a history significant for HIV/AIDS (CD4 count of 17) and diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed as having progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) after presenting with peripheral vision loss. This case provided a diagnostic challenge and demonstrates the devastating effects of a misdiagnosis as it pertains to PORN.
A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION USING THE MONTE CARLO METHOD

A parametric study of dynamic recrystallization was undertaken using the Monte Carlo method. Cells in the simulation domain were connected to six neighboring cells across interfaces whose energy varied from 0 to 5 depending on the difference in orientation between the cells. The internal energy of cells was increased during each Monte Carlo step (MCS). A cell was allowed to grow (take up the orientation of one of its neighbors), recrystallize (take up a new orientation), or remain unchanged. Three different energy input rates were used in the simulations. Results presented include the effect of energy input rate on the internal energy, boundary energy, nucleation and growth events, and the structural evolution of the domain. Some comparisons are made with phenomenon observed during dynamic recrystallization of metals.
Compatibility of Insect Growth Regulators with Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Control on Poinsettias: I. Laboratory Assays

Abstract The compatibility of five insect growth regulators (IGRs), buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb, pymetrozine, and kinoprene, were tested in the laboratory for compatibility with the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The survivorship of adult parasitoids foraging on poinsettia leaves with residues 6, 24, and 96 h of age was determined. The toxicity of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) patches treated with IGRs presented to female parasitoids 24 and 96 h posttreatment was quantified. Survivorship of immature E. eremicus developing within B. argentifolii nymphs was determined by treating whitefly nymphs with IGRs 5 and 13 days postoviposition by female parasitoids. Finally, behavioral observations of female parasitoids foraging on IGR-treated and untreated B. argentifolii patches presented simultaneously were quantified to determine whether IGR residues had a repellant effect toward E. eremicus. Averaging ranks for IGRs based on their compatibility with E. eremicus and their ability to kill B. argentifolii nymphs produced the following parasitoid compatibility order: buprofezin > fenoxycarb > pymetrozine = pyriproxyfen > kinoprene. Further work in greenhouses assessing the efficacy of buprofezin with E. eremicus for B. argentifolii control on poinsettias is recommended.
State of the art in pattern recognition

This paper reviews statistical, adaptive, and heuristic techniques used in laboratory investigations of pattern recognition problems. The discussion includes correlation methods, discriminant analysis, maximum likelihood decisions minimax techniques, perceptron-like algorithms, feature extraction, preprocessing, clustering and nonsupervised learning. Two-dimensional distributions are used to illustrate the properties of the various procedures. Several experimental projects, representative of prospective applications, are also described.
Incorporation of 12-methoxydodecanoate into the human immunodeficiency virus 1 gag polyprotein precursor inhibits its proteolytic processing and virus production in a chronically infected human lymphoid cell line.

Abstract Covalent linkage of myristate (tetradecanoate; 14:0) to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) 55-kDa gag polyprotein precursor (Pr55gag) is necessary for its proteolytic processing and viral assembly. We have shown recently that several analogs of myristate in which a methylene group is replaced by a single oxygen or sulfur atom are substrates for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.97; NMT) despite their reduced hydrophobicity. Some inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely infected CD4+H9 cells without accompanying cellular toxicity. To examine the mechanism of their antiviral effects, we performed labeling studies with two analogs, 12-methoxydodecanoate (13-oxamyristate; 13-OxaMyr) and 5-octyloxypentanoate (6-oxamyristate; 6-OxaMyr), the former being much more effective than the latter in blocking virus production. [3H]Myristate and [3H]13-OxaMyr were incorporated into Pr55gag with comparable efficiency when it was coexpressed with S. cerevisiae NMT in Escherichia coli. [3H]6-OxaMyr was not incorporated, even though its substrate properties in vitro were similar to those of 13-OxaMyr and myristate. [3H]13-OxaMyr, but not [3H]6-OxaMyr, was also efficiently incorporated into HIV-1 Pr55gag and nef (negative factor) in chronically infected H9 cells. Analog incorporation produced a redistribution of Pr55gag from membrane to cytosolic fractions and markedly decreased its proteolytic processing by viral protease. 13-OxaMyr and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) act synergistically to reduce virus production in acutely infected H9 cells. Unlike AZT, the analog is able to inhibit virus production (up to 70%) in chronically infected H9 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect lasts 6-8 days. These results suggest that (i) its mechanism of action is distinct from that of AZT and involves a late step in virus assembly; (ii) the analog may allow reduction in the dose of AZT required to affect viral replication; and (iii) combinations of analog and HIV-1 protease inhibitors may have synergistic effects on the processing of Pr55gag.
Sapphyrin−Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Novel Sequence-Specific DNA Photomodifying Agents with Increased Binding Affinity

The synthesis of a novel sapphyrin−oligonucleotide conjugate is described along with its DNA photocleavage and nucleic acid binding properties. The sapphyrin−oligonucleotide conjugate produces photodamage on a complementary oligonucleotide target when irradiated at wavelengths above 620 nm. Upon piperidine treatment, guanine residues on the target strand in the vicinity of the sapphyrin macrocycle are found to be cleaved more effectively than guanines remote from the sapphyrin subunit. No sequence-specific photomodification was observed when noncomplementary oligonucleotides were used as a target. The duplexes formed between the sapphyrin conjugate and complementary nucleic acids were found to have higher melting temperatures than analogous control systems consisting of unmodified oligonucleotides of the same sequence. Melting temperature studies using variable salt concentrations and oligonucleotide targets indicate that the binding enhancement is due to hydrophobic interactions. The sapphyrin unit attac...
Histones and histone modifications.

Histone variants, distinct patterns of posttranslational modifications of histones, and histone tail binding proteins all contribute to establishment of various ‘open’ or ‘closed’ chromatin domains that have specialized folding properties and biological functions. Some of these domains can be propagated through DNA replication and mitosis, guaranteeing the inheritance of chromatin states to progeny. Histone lysine methylation may play a central role in the stability of these chromatin states, as to date no enzymes are known that catalyze lysine demethylation. Furthermore, several nonhistone proteins, such as HP1 or the PRC1 polycomb complex, not only bind to methylated histone lysines, but also recruit the methylase itself, thus providing a means for templating new histone methylation events – for example, following replication fork passage – or for spreading the domain to adjacent nucleosomes.How ‘open’ states are propagated through cell divisions is not clear, especially as histone lysine acetylation or serine phosphorylation can be rapidly reversed by HDACs or histone phosphatases. Future studies will no doubt continue to identify the functional and biochemical properties of new chromatin domains as well as to elucidate the principles that govern their maintenance and propagation.
Constructing a Survey of Constructionist Research

If previous surveys of social constructionism left small markers on a sprawling territory, the new Handbook of Constructionist Research is quite clearly a weighty survey which will soon settle into a deserved role as a landmark ref erence work addressing much of the terrain covered by contemporary constructionism, and then some. The forty chapters of this size able edited collection comprise six parts, alto gether suggesting the surprising variety of constructionist scholarship today. After a short introduction by editors Holstein and Gubrium and two broad chapters on philosophical and historical considerations, the primary foci of the book become apparent. Part II is dedi cated to constructionism across the disci plines-nine disciplines all told. While such a large number will raise many eyebrows, con structionism is presented in such a varied and vibrant manner that the careful reader might leave with the strong suspicion that this num ber is illustrative rather than exhaustive. This disciplinary survey is the longest and arguably the most noteworthy part of the handbook, providing a unique and well-documented sur vey of constructionism across the disciplines. Following in Part III is a survey of construc tionism across a variety of traditions of theory and research which are not disciplinary, but either sub-disciplinary, such as the sociology of deviance and social problems, or cross-dis ciplinary, such as Foucauldian constructionism and discursive constructionism. Part IV addresses largely methodological issues, such as ethnographic fieldwork, and the use of documents in social research. These issues are arguably addressed more effectively in this format, rather than in the context of substan tive studies (cf. Sarbin and Kitsuse 1994). Next, in Part V, we are offered a variety of constructionist studies of substantive topics, such as race and ethnicity, and medical knowledge. The final section, Part VI, includes a variety of other contributions which perhaps defy being collected under any one theme, although many are political in one respect or another, and many address challenges to con structionist inquiry in one respect or another. Handbook of Constructionist Research, edited by James A. Holstein and Jaber F. Gubrium. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2007. 822pp. $125.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781593853051.
Sleep Disorders in Atypical Parkinsonism

Sleep disorders are commonly seen in atypical parkinsonism, with particular disorders occurring more frequently in specific parkinsonian disorders. Multiple systems atrophy (MSA) is a synucleinopathy often associated with nocturnal stridor which is a serious, but treatable condition highly specific to MSA. In addition, this disorder is strongly associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), which is also seen in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). RBD is far less prevalent in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), which is a tauopathy. Insomnia and impaired sleep architecture are the most common sleep abnormalities seen in PSP. Corticobasilar degeneration (CBD) is also a tauopathy, but has far fewer sleep complaints associated with it than PSP. In this manuscript we review the spectrum of sleep dysfunction across the atypical parkinsonian disorders, emphasize the importance of evaluating for sleep disorders in patients with parkinsonian symptoms, and point to sleep characteristics that can provide diagnostic clues to the underlying parkinsonian disorder.
Depth Cues From Optical Flow

In order to have a perfect computer vision system, it is important that it should emulate something which is already prefect - the human visual system. In this paper we discuss the relevancy of the study of the psychological and physiological aspects of human vision to computer vision research. Motion perception is an important aspect of vision. We make an approach here, to configure a system that can perceive world knowledge from moving scenes. This is based on the principle that moving scenes generate optical flow and getting the depth cues from optical flow gives three dimensional information of the scene. We derive depth information from passive ranging techniques. Potential applications are in autonomous vehicle navigation, coordinated motions between vehicles for passive ranging to moving targets and in industrial robotics.