cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COCOON: A Conductive Substrate-based Coupled Oscillator Network for Wireless Communication

Advances in flexible conductive substrates such as conductive wallpaper and paint present new opportunities for optimizing the performance of IoT nodes in smart homes and buildings. In this paper, we explore an unconventional use of such substrates for pulling frequencies of oscillators across IoT devices and wireless front-ends connected to the substrate. We show that by using this technique, we can replace precise crystal oscillators by lower precision and lower cost ceramic oscillators without compromising their ability to be used for tasks that require precise frequencies such as frequency-synchronized multi-static backscatter and synchronized sampling. We present an end-to-end design including a) analysis of conditions under which frequency pulling of oscillators across conductive substrates can work, b) a new technique to detect frequency locking across oscillators without requiring explicit communication, and c) an adaptive method that can be used to synchronize oscillators at minimum power consumption. We then show that these elements can be composed to design a high-performance multi-static backscatter system that performs as well as one that uses a shared high-precision clock but at an order of magnitude less monetary cost. We show that our system can scale and operate at very low power, while having low complexity since it requires no explicit interaction among devices attached to the substrate.
Blind Guides for Explorers: P Values, Subgroups and Data Dredging

Research investigators are trained to be thorough, to find everything worth findings in their data. Having invested great time and effort in their studies, these scientists want and need to examine the data systematically and completely. In clinical experiments where there are multiple endpoints, investigators will examine the effect of therapy on each one, with the anticipated reward of identifying a therapy effect for the experiment’s primary endpoint. However, investigators are aware that there may be unanticipated findings in other analyses, that, unlike the primary endpoint analysis, are nonprospectively stated evaluations. Investigators believe that, like unsuspected pots of gold, these tantalizing surprises might lie just under the surface, hidden from view, waiting to be found. If the experiment demonstrated that an intervention reduces the incidence of heart attacks, then maybe there is a hidden relationship between marital status and heart attacks. Perhaps there is an unanticipated relationship between the patient’s astrologic sign and the occurrence of a heart attack? Sometimes it is not the investigator who is raising these questions. In the process of publication, reviewers of the manuscript will sometimes ask that additional analyses be carried out. These analyses can include considering the effect of the intervention in subsets of the data. Does the therapy work equally well in women and men? Does it work equally in different racial groups? What about in patients with a previous heart attack? These analyses are demanded by others, but are also not prospectively stated.
The working stroke of myosin crossbridges.

Abstract Recent x-ray diffraction measurements of the axial periodicities of the actin and myosin filaments in contracting muscles show that they are stretched by small but significant amounts by the developed tension, so that at least one half, possibly more, of the observed compliance of a sarcomere must reside in the filaments themselves. This implies that the movement steps of a crossbridge deduced from quick-release experiments may be shorter than some previous estimates, necessitating at least two steps to account for current in vitro single-molecule measurements. Intensity measurements of the wider angle x-ray reflections also show some unexpected features.
Identity and the modern organization

Contents: Part I: Introduction. S.L. Blader, A. Wrzesniewski,C.A. Bartel, Identity and the Modern Organization. Part II: Social Motivations in Modern Organizations. M.A. Glynn, C. Marquis, Legitimating Identities: How Institutional Logics Motivate Organizational Name Choices. M.A. Hogg, Organizational Orthodoxy and Corporate Autocrats: Some Nasty Consequences of Organizational Identification in Uncertain Times. S.L. Blader, Let's Not Forget the "Me" in "Team": Investigating the Interface of Individual and Collective Identity. B. Ashforth, Identity: The Elastic Concept. Part III: Social Processes in Modern Organizations. M.G. Pratt, K.G. Corley, Managing Multiple Organizational Identities: On Identity Ambiguity, Identity Conflict, and Members' Reactions. C.A. Bartel, A. Wrzesniewski, B. Wiesenfeld, The Struggle to Establish Organizational Membership and Identification in Remote Work Contexts. S.A. Haslam, S. Reicher, Social Identity and the Dynamics of Organizational Life: Insights From the BBC Prison Study. A. Brief, E. Umphress, Lost in Identities: A Brief Tale of Two Explorers. Part IV: The Contextual Landscape of Modern Organizations. S. Spataro, J. Chatman, The Effects of Inter-Organizational Competition on Identity-Based Organizational Commitment. D.C. Seyle, W.B. Swann, Jr., Being Oneself in the Workplace: Self-Verification and Identity in Organizational Contexts. S. Ashford, M.A. Barton, Identity-Based Issue Selling. J. Dukerich, Identity and Beyond: Future Directions for Identity and Identification Research. Part V: Conclusion. D. Whetten, The Study of Organizational Member Identification: Organization-Appropriate Applications of Social Identification Theory.
UML distilled: applying the standard object modeling language

Today, a software designer or architect who seeks to represent the design of a software system can choose from a wide variety of notational languages, each aligned with a particular analysis and design methodology. Ironically, this wide variety of choice is one impediment to the significant benefits promised by software reuse. The emergence of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) -- created by the joint efforts of leading object technologists Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh with contributions from many others in the object community -- represents one of the most significant developments in object technology. Supported by a broad base of industry-leading companies, the UML merges the best of the notations used by the three most popular analysis and design methodologies, Booch, OOSE (use-cases), and OMT, to produce a single, universal modeling language that can be used with any method.Written for those already grounded in object-oriented analysis and design, this concise overview introduces you to UML, highlighting the key elements of its notation, semantics, and processes. Included is a brief explanation of UML's history, development, and rationale, as well as discussions on how UML can be integrated into the object-oriented development process. In addition, the book profiles various modeling techniques associated with UML -- use cases, CRC cards, design by contract, dynamic classification, interfaces, and abstract classes -- along with concise descriptions of notation and semantics and numerous insightful tips for effective use based on the authors' experience. In addition, the authors offer the first look at the emerging Objectory Software Development Process derivedfrom the methodologies of Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James Rumbaugh. To give you a feel for the UML in action, the book includes a Java programming example that outlines the implementation of a UML-based design.You will come away with an excellent understanding of UML essentials, insight into how UML functions within the software development process, and a firm foundation upon which to expand and build your knowledge of the Unified Modeling Language.
Can beta-blocker use lower mortality and improve myocardial tissue recovery after acute myocardial infarction?

Can β-blocker use lower mortality and improve myocardial tissue recovery after acute myocardial infarction?
Computers that recognize and respond to user emotion

Did you like that or not? Did the system’s choice of adaptation aggravate you more, or did it bring about an expression of gratefulness? Does this interest you or bore you? Recognition of the effects an action has on a user is a key part of adapting successfully to users; how can machines be enabled to recognize affective expressions such as frustration, interest, anger, or joy? And, what are guidelines for designing their response, especially given that recognition is likely to not be perfect? This talk will present new technologies under development for sensing and responding appropriately to human affective expressions. Current applications include usability feedback, health behavior change, learning companions, and human-robot interaction.
Pole Vaulting: A Mechanical Analysis of Factors Influencing Pole-Bend

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative influence of five factors on the magnitude of the pole-bend obtained in vaulting with a flexible pole. The data that were collected were measurements taken from the motion pictures of thirty vaulting trials by the University of Iowa's leading pole vaulter. The correlations between each of three factors (angle of take-off, horizontal velocity at take-off, and horizontal distance between the vaulter's top hand and his take-off foot at take-off) and the magnitude of the pole-bend were statistically significant (p <.05).
Retiming and clock skew for synchronous systems

Retiming and clock skew are both timing optimization methods for synchronous circuitry but are usually applied separately. We use the concept of scheduling to form a common background in the formulation of retiming and clock skew, and to study the interplay between, retiming and clock skew. A methodology to optimise synchronous circuitry with both retiming and clock skew is proposed. >
Evidence of Organizational Learning and Organizational Forgetting from Financial Statement Audits

SUMMARY: This paper examines the association between audit firm tenure and audit production efficiency. The analyses are based on proprietary audit production data provided by a large international accounting firm. The results document evidence of learning over time. Specifically, repeatedly servicing a client increases production efficiency by reducing the total audit hours expended in an audit engagement. Learning rates vary across different ranks of labor and learning is more pronounced among higher personnel ranks, with lower ranks experiencing little learning. Further, learning rates are not constant over time; there is little incremental learning beyond the initial productivity gains consistent with the concept of the learning curve. Finally, the results show some evidence of productivity losses as audit hours increase for very long tenures consistent with the notion of organizational forgetting. JEL Classifications: M41; M42
Training Methods Utlilized by Independent Restaurant Managers

Formal, systematic training has always been cited as a major need for the future success of hospitality operations. However, one other aspect of the job might be the development of a train-the-trainer curriculum for hospitality management students. The author studies the relationship between training preparation and training methods utilized by restaurant managers and explores this need.
Inhibition of extratesticular stimuli to prostatic growth in the castrate rat by antiandrogens.

In the immature castrate rat, the antiandrogens cyproterone (C) (30 or 150 mg⁄ kg) and cyproterone acetate (CA) (10 or 50 mg⁄kg) inhibited the growth of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles that was induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione (A), or testosterone (T) injected at various doses for 7 days. When the lowest doses of androgen were used (DHA 0.4 mg, A 0.02 mg, and T 0.015 mg), C and CA were often able to maintain the weights of target organs at castrate levels. CA was about 3 times more potent than C in antiandrogenic activity. CA also significantly inhibited the increase in prostatic weight that occurred after 14 days of administration of ACTH (20 U⁄day), prolactin (1 mg⁄day) plus ACTH (5 mg⁄day), or prolactin (1 mg⁄day) plus DHA (0.2 mg⁄day). It is concluded that C and CA can inhibit the known extratesticular stimuli to prostatic growth in the rat. These stimuli may all be mediated by an androgendependent cellular response. (Endocrinology 87: 624, 1970)
Implementing monitoring and zooming in a heterogeneous distributed jet engine simulation

The NASA Numerical Propulsion System Simulation project explores the use of computer simulation to facilitate the design of new jet engines. Several key issues raised in this research are being examined in an NPSS-related research project: zooming, monitoring and control, and support for heterogeneity. The design and implementation of a distributed simulation executive that addresses each of these issues is described. In this work, the strategy of zooming, which allows codes that model at different levels of fidelity to be integrated within a single simulation, is applied to the fan component of a turbofan propulsion system. A prototype monitoring and control system provides continuous updates on the progress of the simulation and a platform for experimenting with active control techniques. An inter connection system provides a transparent means of connecting the heterogeneous systems that comprise the prototype.
CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOSENSITIZED ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN LIPID BILAYER VESICLES: VECTORIAL ELECTRON TRANSFER ACROSS THE BILAYER FROM REDUCED CYTOCHROME c IN THE INNER COMPARTMENT TO OXIDIZED FERREDOXIN IN THE OUTER COMPARTMENT

A negatively charged large unilamellar vesicle system containing a membrane-bound photo-sensitizer (chlorophyll, Chi), a reduced redox protein [cytochrome c, cyt c(red)] in the inner aqueous compartment, an oxidized redox protein [ferredoxin, Fd(ox)] in the outer aqueous compartment, and propylene diquat (PDQ2+) as a mediator, was investigated using both flash and steady-state photolysis techniques. The results demonstrate that the light-generated triplet state of Chi (3Chl) was initially quenched by PDQ2+ at the outer membrane surface to form Chi cation radical (Chl+) and the reduced diquat (PDQ+). This was succeeded by a biphasic recombination between Chi+ and PDQ+. The slow phase of the recombination process, which represents reverse electron transfer between Chl+ and those PDQ+ molecules which escaped from the membrane surface, could be suppressed effectively both by the reduction of Chl^ in the inner monolayer of the vesicles by cyt c(red), and by the reoxidation of PDQ+ by Fd(ox) in the outer aqueous compartment. These reactions lead to the permanent accumulation of oxidized and reduced product proteins, i.e. cyt c(ox) in the inner compartment and Fd(red) in the outer compartment. The yields of such accumulation were 11%, based on the 3Chl quenched, and 1.4%, based on absorbed quanta, under the conditions used in the present study. This system mimics one of the key events in natural photosynthesis and results in an appreciable storage of electromagnetic energy in the reaction products.
Geospatial temporal dependence among weekly precipitation extremes with applications to observations and climate model simulations in South America

Abstract A quantification of the spatio-temporal dependence among precipitation extremes is important for investigating the properties of intense storms as well as flood or flash-flood related hazards. Extreme value theory has been widely applied to the hydrologic sciences and hydraulic engineering. However, rigorous approaches to quantify dependence structures among extreme values in space and time have not been reported in the literature. Previous researchers have quantified the dependence among extreme values through the concept of (pairwise bivariate) tail dependence coefficients. For estimation of the tail dependence coefficients, we apply a recently developed method [Kuhn G. On dependence and extremes. PhD thesis (Advisor: C. Kluppelberg), Munich University of Technology, 2006] which utilized the multivariate tail dependence function of a subclass of elliptical copulas. This study extends the previous approach in the context of space and time by considering pairs of spatial grids in South America and quantifying the dependence among precipitation extremes based on the time series at each spatial grid. In addition, Kendall’s τ is used to estimate the pairwise copula correlation (for an elliptical copula) of precipitation between all grids in South America. The geospatial–temporal dependence measures are applied to precipitation observations from 1940 to 2005 as well as simulations from the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) for 1940–2099. New insights are obtained regarding the spatio-temporal dependence structures for precipitation over South America both with regard to correlation as well as tail dependence.
Symptomatic radiation-induced pericarditis in Hodgkin's disease

This is a retrospective review of 193 evaluable patients treated with radiation therapy to the mediastinum for Stages I, II and III-A Hodgkin's disease. Eligible patients were those receiving 3000 rad or more to the mediastinum and no chemotherapy prior to the radiation. During the study period, 13 patients developed symptomatic pericarditis. The interval post treatment to the development of symptoms was six to 34 months. The incidence of pericarditis was studied as a function of: (1) the dose of radiation at a depth of 2 cm, 5 cm and the midplane of the mediastinum; (2) the ratio of anterior to posterior weighting of dose; (3) the presence or absence of intrathoracic tumor; (4) the size of the tumor when present; and (5) the fraction of the heart exposed to the radiation beam. There was a significant increase in the incidence of pericarditis with an increased dose of radiation at 2 cm, 5 cm and midplane depths and also with the presence of a large intrathoracic tumor. A reduction in mediastinal dose is recommended.
Potentiation of organophosphorus‐induced delayed neurotoxicity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride

It is well known that pretreatment with the serine esterase inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) can protect experimental animals from organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), presumably by blocking the active site of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) such that binding and "aging" of the neuropathic OP is thwarted. We report here that while PMSF (60 mg/kg, sc) given 4 h before the neuropathic organophosphate (OP) mipafox (50 mg/kg, im) completely prevented the clinical expression of OPIDN in hens, the identical PMSF treatment markedly amplified the delayed neurotoxicity (relative to hens treated with OP only) if administered 4 h after mipafox (5 or 50 mg/kg, im). Moreover, in a separate experiment using diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) as the neurotoxicant in place of mipafox, posttreatment with PMSF 4 h after DFP (0.5 mg/kg) also accentuated the severity of ataxia. These data indicate that PMSF only protects against OPIDN if given prior to exposure to the neurotoxicant; treatment with PMSF after OP exposure critically exacerbates the delayed neurotoxicity from exposure to organophosphorus compounds.
Nutritional development of feeding strategies in arctic ruminants: digestive morphometry of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, and muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus.

Abstract Reindeer have been classified as intermediate feeders and muskoxen as grazers based on differences in digestive morphology and consumption of fibrous plants. We hypothesized that the digestive morphology of young ( 7 yr). Development in utero provided the neonate with a functioning mucosa of the gastric abomasum and duodenal mucosa with high surface enlargement for digestion and absorption of concentrated milks. Transition to forage was preceded by changes in ruminal papillae structure that increased surface area and likely contributed to active fermentation by 60 days of age. The abomasum also increased in acid-secreting parietal cells during the transition to forage, which may enhance digestion of plant and microbial proteins. Rates of cell division also indicated a sustained differentiation of tissue structure during the transitional period. Young arctic ruminants expressed digestive structures that preceded full function, which indicated the ultimate feeding strategy of each species. For example, the rumen of young muskoxen had thick cornified epithelia and muscle layers that would provide ruminal mucosa with better protection from fibrous abrasion and enhance motility of bulky diets. Conversely, young reindeer had more complex papillary shapes in the rumen and more foliate villi in the duodenum, indicating a greater absorptive capacity of these structures than in muskoxen. Ontogenetic programs, therefore, play the primary role for digestive development of reindeer and muskoxen and determine the nutritional strategies of adults.
Performance Impact of I/O on QMCPack Simulations at the Petascale and Beyond

Traditional petascale applications, such as QMCPack, can scale their computations to completely utilize modern supercomputers like Titan, but they cannot scale their I/O. To preserve scalability, scientists cannot save data at the granularity needed to enable scientific discovery and are forced to use large intervals between two checkpoint calls. In this paper, we work to increase the granularity of the I/O in QMCPack simulations without increasing the I/O associated overhead or compromising the scalability of the simulations. Our solution redesigns the I/O algorithms used by QMCPack to gather finer-grained data at high frequencies and integrate the ADIOS API to select effective I/O methods without major code changes. The extension of a tool such as Skel to mimic the variable I/O in QMCPack allows us to predict the I/O performance of the code when using ADIOS methods at the petascale. We show how I/O libraries like ADIOS allow us to increase the amount of scientific data extracted from QMCPack simulations at the granularity desired by the scientists while keeping the I/O overhead below 10%. We also show how the impact of checkpoint I/O for the QMCPack code using ADIOS is below 5% when using preventive tactics for check pointing at the petascale and beyond.
The effects of writing-process-based instruction and word processing on remedial and accelerated 11th graders

Abstract In this study involving 38 remedial and 29 accelerated 11th-grade students, two groups from each ability level received writing-process-based instruction using computers and two other groups from each ability were instructed without the use of computers. The treatment lasted approximately 16 weeks with three data collection points: (a) preinstruction, (b) midinstruction, and (c) postinstruction. The following dependent measures were used in the study: (a) holistic quality scores for the essays, (b) the number of T units for the essays as a measure of fluency, (c) writing apprehension, and (d) computer anxiety. Because the treatments ultimately differed across ability level, 2 (Treatment: computer-based vs. noncomputer-based) × 3 (Writing Task: Essay 1, Essay 2, Essay 3) analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with a repeated measure (writing task: Essay 1, Essay 2, Essay 3) were conducted for each ability group and for each of the four dependent measures, for a total of eight procedures. The results indicated that remedial writers' essays did improve, but irrespective of computers, whereas the accelerated writers' essays did improve more quickly when using computers. Fluency of remedial writers' essays increased when using computers, while the fluency of those remedial writers not using computers did not. Although the fluency of both accelerated groups did increase, the fluency of those using computers was signficantly greater at the mid- and postinstruction points than the fluency of those not using computers. The computer anxiety of remedial writers using computers did decrease, as did the computer anxiety of accelerated writers using computers; the anxiety of those not using computers in both ability groups did not change. The writing apprehension of the remedial students using computers significantly decreased whereas the apprehension of the remedial writers without computers did not. For the accelerated writers, writing apprehension did not decrease, regardless of computer use.
Solar cycle 22 continues strong climb

Solar Cycle 22, which began in September 1986, continues to rise at a rate that rivals or exceeds that of all sunspot cycles in the record of direct sunspot observations. As measured by smoothed sunspot numbers and 10.7-cm radio flux values, Cycle 22 remains ahead of all past cycles in the modern record except Cycle 19, which peaked during the late 1950s (see Figure 1). By other measures, such as the number of X ray flares or solar proton events, this cycle is running up to 30% higher than at the corresponding point in all previous cycles. In our previous report (“Solar and Geomagnetic Activity During Cycle 21 and Implications for Cycle 22,” Eos, 69, 962, 1988) we presented early information on Cycle 22 and discussed some possible solar-terrestrial effects of solar activity. Figure 1 updates that information to the present in sunspot number and 10.7-cm radio flux values.
Binding of stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes to Sepharose-concanavalin A is not reversed by methyl-α-mannoside

Abstract Concanavalin A (con A) bound to Sepharose beads stimulates human peripheral blood lymphocytes and as with soluble con A, DNA synthesis can be prevented by the addition of methyl-α-mannoside (MAM) 1 hr after exposure to mitogen. In contrast to the response of cells stimulated with soluble con A, addition of MAM 24 hr after the start of incubation with Sepharose bound mitogen does not prevent a second round of DNA replication as determined in bromodeoxyuridine density transfer experiments indicating that MAM does not dissociate the Sepharose-con A responding cell complex. We infer that within 24 hr, lymphocytes develop associations with con A-Sepharose beads at non MAM dissociable sites.
Catecholamines and granular vesicles in adrenergic axons of the developing pineal body of the rat.

Imediatemente despues del nacimiento, las fibras adrenergicas del cuerpo pineal del raton, contienen solamente vesiculas granulosas del tipo grande. Con dos dias, comienzan a aparecer las vesiculas granulosas pequenas; que son las que contienen nor-epinefrina. Se piensa que antes de esta edad, la nor-epinefrina se localizaria principalmente en un compartimiento extra-vesicular.
Government, Governing, and Governance:

Government: the office, authority or function of governing. Governing: having control or rule over oneself. Governance: the activity of governing. Accordingly, governance is a set of decisions and processes made to reflect social expectations through the management or leadership of the government (by extension, under liberal democratic ideals, the will of ‘the people’ as they rule themselves). There are many issues implicit in this set of relationships whose core revolves around the notion of citizenship as this defines the body politic over which claims of self-rule apply. In the most general sense we have the difference between a liberal democratic view that the government (state) serves citizens who have a natural claim on services as a benefit and right of citizenship on the one hand, and on the other the counter enlightenment view often associated with fascism: that the citizen must serve the state and has no rights other than those granted by the state. In what may be called the American model citizenship is a broadly endowed set of rights representing potential claims for benefits, as defined by the state. The result is that in the USA what constitutes a valid claim of citizens is contested, and then the question of who qualifies to have claims met is debated. This offers us an opportunity to understand a number of pressing issues hotly contested: what is the proper role of government, who should have the right to make claims, how exclusionary or inclusionary we should be as a society, how are rights defined and defended, to name but a few. The current socio-political manifestation of these issues is struggles over immigration policy (and the recent reactionary policies passed in Arizona), the Tea Party Movement (if such a thing exists ‐ perhaps more properly, a right-wing populism mixed with aggressive libertarian views), the ongoing debates over health care reform, and election finance reform (the last speaking to the issue of whose voice is loudest, and by implication who is a citizen protected by these generic rights imparted in the American model). Add to this mix the BP ecological, social and political disaster in the Gulf of Mexico and oddly we have an opportunity to critically reflect on government and governing. Let us consider these separately. A recent US Supreme Court ruling found that corporations have the same legal rights as other ‘individuals’, and campaign finance laws
Regional and tissue-specific differences in brain glutamate concentration measured by in vivo single voxel MRS.

Abstract Background There is growing interest in characterizing spatial distribution of glutamate (Glu) in brain disorders. Comparing the differences in Glu concentration using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is hampered by the confounding effects of different anatomical regions and tissue composition. New method Effect of tissue composition on Glu concentrations was studied by selecting closely adjacent voxels within a designated cortical region. Glu regional differences were assessed using voxels comprising essentially the same tissue composition from different cortical regions. Results Using point-resolved-spectroscopy (PRESS)-based averaged echo time method, Glu concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was found to correlate strongly with tissue gray matter (GM) fraction ( r = 0.87, p = 10 −5 ). No significant regional difference in Glu concentration was found between frontal and occipital lobes ( p = 0.23) when the two measured voxels had essentially the same tissue composition. Comparison with existing methods The method of the current study is aimed to circumvent the difficulties in differentiating anatomical region from tissue composition, given that both can lead to Glu variations in brain. Glu concentration versus tissue composition was measured in the same anatomical region, while the comparison of regional differences was performed with the two regions that had essentially the same tissue composition. Conclusions In brain cortices, Glu level is significantly higher in GM than in WM. Glu level difference between frontal lobe and occipital lobe is insignificant.
Making Your Service Blueprint Pay Off

Argues that many blueprinting efforts are short‐term in focus and lead to the wrong response. Analyses examples in a range of industries, offering planning approaches and tactics for a successful serviceblueprint. Concludes that service blueprinting constitutes a major effort, therefore the result should be optimized in terms of value the customer receives, the service mix from the customer′s point of view and consistent signals to the organization.
Ambient site, home outdoor and home indoor particulate concentrations as proxies of personal exposures

Despite strong longitudinal associations between particle personal exposures and ambient concentrations, previous studies have found considerable inter-personal variability in these associations. Factors contributing to this inter-personal variability are important to identify in order to improve our ability to assess particulate exposures for individuals. This paper examines whether ambient, home outdoor and home indoor particle concentrations can be used as proxies of corresponding personal exposures. We explore the strength of the associations between personal, home indoor, home outdoor and central outdoor monitoring site (“ambient site”) concentrations of sulfate, fine particle mass (PM2.5) and elemental carbon (EC) by season and subject for 25 individuals living in the Boston, MA, USA area. Ambient sulfate concentrations accounted for approximately 70 to 80% of the variability in personal and indoor sulfate levels. Correlations between ambient and personal sulfate, however, varied by subject (0.1–1.0), with associations between personal and outdoor sulfate concentrations generally mirroring personal-ambient associations (median subject-specific correlations of 0.8 to 0.9). Ambient sulfate concentrations are good indicators of personal exposures for individuals living in the Boston area, even though their levels may differ from actual personal exposures. The strong associations for sulfate indicate that ambient concentrations and housing characteristics are the driving factors determining personal sulfate exposures. Ambient PM2.5 and EC concentrations were more weakly associated with corresponding personal and indoor levels, as compared to sulfate. For EC and PM2.5, local traffic, indoor sources and/or personal activities can significantly weaken associations with ambient concentrations. Infiltration was shown to impact the ability of ambient concentrations to reflect exposures with higher exposures to particles from ambient sources during summer. In contrast in the winter, lower infiltration can result in a greater contribution of indoor sources to PM2.5 and EC exposures. Placing EC monitors closer to participants' homes may reduce exposure error in epidemiological studies of traffic-related particles, but this reduction in exposure error may be greater in winter than summer. It should be noted that approximately 20% of the EC data were below the field limit of detection, making it difficult to determine if the weaker associations with the central site for EC were merely a result of methodological limitations.
Representational success: A new paradigm for achieving species protection by reserve site selection

Models for designing habitat reserve networks have focused on minimizing the number of sites necessary to cover each species one or more times. A solution to this problem is usually one from among a large number of alternative optimal configurations of sites. This paper develops an iterative method for building reserve networks that produces an optimal solution to the species set covering problem (SSCP) and also maximizes the number of species covered two or more times, three or more times, and so on, conditional on the solution to the previous iteration. We refer to this as representational success. Thus, a pareto optimal species set covering is achieved that is preferable to an arbitrary optimal solution to the SSCP.
Is Logarithmic Transformation Really the Best Procedure for Estimating Stock‐Recruitment Relationships?

Abstract The conventional wisdom favoring the use of log-transformation in fitting stock–recruitment relationships is based on the assumed lognormality of the error structure as well as the assumed homogeneity of variance under log-transformation. Although rarely recognized, the latter is an important requirement underlying the conventional bias correction for back-transformation (i.e., exp(s 2/2), where s 2 is the error variance). The homogeneity assumption may be violated much more frequently than is commonly recognized. Stock and recruitment data sets for two of eight West Coast groundfish stocks showed significant heterogeneity of variance under log-transformation, despite the low statistical power of the test (circa 25%). We simulated stock and recruitment data sets of various sample sizes and known amounts of variance heterogeneity and subjected them to three methods of regression analysis: regression under conventional log-transformation, with bias correction for the back-transformation; untransfor...
Neonatal extracorporeal life support: impact of new therapies on survival.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pre-extracorporeal life support (ECLS) management with nitric oxide (NO), high frequency ventilation (HFV), and surfactant on mortality among neonates supported with ECLS. Study design Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) data on 7017 neonates cannulated for respiratory reasons between 1996 and 2003 were analyzed using χ 2 , analysis of variance, and logistic regression. Results The use of ECLS declined by 26.6% over the study period with no significant change in mortality. Unadjusted ECLS mortality for NO-treated patients was lower than for infants not treated with NO (25.1% vs 28.6%, P = .0012) and for infants treated with surfactant than for infants not treated with surfactant (18.7% vs 30.3%, p P = .56). After adjusting for confounders (primary diagnosis, age at cannulation, ECMO year 1996-1999 vs 2000-2003), surfactant use was associated with decreased mortality. NO-treated neonates were less likely to have a pre-ECLS cardiopulmonary arrest than infants not treated with NO. NO, HFV, and surfactant were not associated with prolongation of ECLS or mechanical ventilation. Conclusions NO, HFV, and surfactant were not associated with increased mortality in neonates who require ECLS for hypoxic respiratory failure.
Oxide nanowire arrays for light-emitting diodes and piezoelectric energy harvesters

As an outstanding member in the oxide nanowire family, ZnO nanowire is widely studied for its optical, semiconductive, and piezoelectric properties. PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 (PZT), usually in the form of polycrystalline thin films, is known for its high piezoelectric coefficient and is an ideal material as actuator. In this review, we first briefly introduce the rational growth of ZnO and PZT nanowire arrays by seedless wet chemical methods. Utilizing the ordered ZnO nanowires grown on p-type substrates, we next present an array of single ZnO nanowire-based blue/near-UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs), including their fabrication process, electroluminescence (EL) spectra, and external quantum efficiency. Finally, we discuss the piezoelectric ZnO and PZT nanowire-enabled three-dimensionally integrated direct- and alternating-current nanogenerators, and their primary roles in self- powered nanosystems and for powering personal microelectronics.
DETERMINING PERCEPTUAL SPACES FOR THE QUALITY OF FILTERED SPEECH.

Using one recorded voice, distorted in 15 different ways, a sample of listeners made similarity-with-respect-to-quality judgments for the complete paired comparison schedule. By means of an Eckart-...
Factors Related to Weight Gain of Dairy Calves

Abstract Growth data on 659 dairy calves were used to determine the effects of breed, sex, season of birth, inbreeding, ration, and birth weight on weight gains of dairy calves to 8 wk, six months, and 1 yr of age. Breed, sex, degree of inbreeding, and ration were found to be significant sources of variation. Effects of season of birth were significant in the analysis of weight gains to 1 yr. Correlations of birth weight with weight gains were all less than .40. Early rate of gain had little or no effect on later gains, age at calving, and milk production. Although calf nutrition experiments should be designed to prevent confounding breed, sex, and inbreeding effects with ration effects, a portion of these effects can be removed by using birth weight as the independent variable in an analysis of covariance.
EFFECTS OF NOZZLE TRAILING EDGE MODIFICATIONS ON NOISE RADIATION IN A SUPERSONIC RECTANGULAR JET

In previous work, nozzle trailing edge modifications were found to substantially increase mixing in underexpanded flow conditions in an aspect ratio 3 Mach 2 rectangular jet, only slightly in overexpanded flow conditions and not much in the fully expanded flow regime. Acoustic measurements were needed to determine the effect of the modifications on the noise field, so an anechoic chamber was designed and constructed. After testing the anechoic chamber for accuracy, experiments were conducted for single and double side trailing edge modified nozzles using three microphones around the jet, placed at angles of 90, 60 and 30 degrees with respect to the axis of the jet. The trailing edge modified nozzles substantially reduced the noise radiation by up to 12 dB for the underexpanded flow regimes and up to 7 dB for overexpanded conditions. Screech tones were also affected by either being reduced or eliminated for single side nozzle modifications, but amplified for double side modified cases. No significant radiation changes were observed for the perfectly expanded flow regime.
Critical behavior of the N-component Ashkin-Teller model with bond impurities.

The $N$-component Ashkin-Teller model is a system of $N$ Ising models coupled by a four-spin interaction. The continuum limit of this model is the $\mathrm{O}(N)$ Gross-Neveu model. In this report the critical behavior of the model with weak bond impurities is derived from a renormalization-group analysis. It is found that quenched randomness converts a first-order transition into a second-order transition.
The atmospheric cycling and air–sea exchange of mercury species in the South and equatorial Atlantic Ocean

Measurements of gas-, particle- and precipitation-phases of atmospheric mercury (Hg) were made in the South and equatorial Atlantic Ocean as part of the 1996 IOC Trace Metal Baseline Study (Montevideo, Uruguay to Barbados). Total gaseous mercury (TGM) ranged from 1.17 to 1.99 ng m−3, with a weighted mean of 1.61±0.09 ng m−3. These values compare well with Pacific Ocean data and earlier results from the Atlantic. The open-ocean samples recorded a distinctive inter-hemispheric gradient, which is consistent with a long-lived trace gas emitted to a greater extent from the Northern than from the Southern Hemisphere. Correlations with surface 222Rn measurements indicate an influence of regional terrestrial sources on open-ocean TGM concentrations. Total Hg in precipitation ranged from 10 to 99 pM (volume-weighted average: 17.8±2.9 pM). On average, about 72% of the total Hg was “reactive” (i.e., reducible by SnCl2). The data showed an apparent rapid nonlinear decrease in concentration with event size (“washout curve”). The wet depositional flux was estimated at 18–36 nmol m−2 yr−1 (4–7 μg m−2 yr−1), which is slightly lower than that found in mid-continental locations of North America (6–12 μg m−2 yr−1). 210Pb analyses indicate a strong impact of particles on rain Hg concentrations. Particle-phase Hg (range 5–25 fmol m−3; mean 12±1 fmol m−3; 66% “reactive”) was comparable to values over the equatorial Pacific. The dry depositional flux is ca. 0.4 nmol m−2 yr−1, or 0.4–1.0% of the wet flux. Particle-phase Hg concentrations did not change significantly when African dust was present during sampling. However, the Hg/Al ratios were consistent with crustal values during the dust periods. The residence time of TGM was calculated to be 1.3–3.4 yr in this region, based on standing stock estimates. Incubation of rainwater added to surface seawater gave reduction rates [i.e., production of elemental Hg (Hg°); 1.6–4.3% d of total Hg added] comparable to additions of inorganic ionic standards, indicating that Hg+2 from precipitation is reduced in a similar manner in surface waters. Thus, precipitation-phase Hg is generally available for evasion to the atmosphere following deposition to the surface ocean, effectively enhancing the mobility and residence time of Hg at the Earth's surface.
Biosynthesis of human papillomavirus from a continuous cell line upon epithelial differentiation

The study of the human pathogen papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been hampered by the inability to propagate the virus in tissue culture. The addition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate to the media of organotypic (raft) cultures increased expression of physiological markers of keratinocyte differentiation and concomitantly induced production of virions. Capsid production was detected in differentiated suprabasal cells. Virions approximately 54 nanometers in size were observed by electron microscopy in raft tissue cross sections in the suprabasal layers. Virions purified through isopycnic gradients were found to contain type 31b DNA and exhibited an icosahedral shape similar to that of papillomaviruses found in clinical samples.
Degradation of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450p.

AbstractThe hepatic microsomal hemoproteins, collectively known as cytochrome P-450 (P-450),‡ are a family of isozymes committed to metabolism of various structurally diverse substrates to polar, readily excretable products. Although most of these enzyme-substrate interactions are productive in nature, it is now apparent that certain substrates, in the course of their metabolism by cytochrome P-450 isozymes, result in mechanism-based inactivation of the enzyme [1]. For instance, oxidative metabolism of olefinic and acetylenic compounds such as allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), secobarbital, ethinylestradiol, and even ethylene or acetylene result in drug-mediated alkylation of the pyrrolic nitrogen of the prosthetic heme moiety of P-450 to yield a telltale greenish pigment, the N-alkylated heme, thereby inactivating the hemoprotein. On the other hand, compounds such as chloramphenicol, 1-ethynylpyrene, and 10-undecynoic acid appear to inactivate the enzyme by alkylating the apoprotein, also in a mechanism-bas...
When social networks cross boundaries: a case study of workplace use of facebook and linkedin

The use of social networking software by professionals is increasing dramatically. How it is used, whether it enhances or reduces productivity, and how enterprise-friendly design and use might evolve are open questions. We examine attitudes and behaviors in a large, technologically-savvy organization through a broad survey and thirty focused interviews. We find extensive social and work uses, with complex patterns that differ with software system and networker age. Tensions arise when use spans social groups and the organization's firewall. Although use is predominantly to support weak ties whose contribution to productivity can be difficult to prove, we anticipate rapid uptake of social networking technology by organizations.
Acoustic wave generation in near-critical supercritical fluids: Effects on mass transfer and extraction

Abstract The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process has attracted increasing interest over the recent decades. This is particularly motivated by concerns regarding the environmental effects of using traditional organic (potentially toxic) solvents. However, the conventional process of extraction using supercritical solvents has a slow dynamics even when solute free solvent is re-circulated and therefore improvements in the extraction process are required. The use of acoustic waves represents a potential efficient way of enhancing mass transfer processes in the supercritical region. Mass transfer enhancement using high amplitude resonant acoustic waves is investigated in this study. To carry out the investigation, three different cases are simulated. Acoustically augmented flow and transport in supercritical fluid (CO2) generated by resonant standing wave in a cylindrical shaped resonator (case 1) is simulated first. Based on the knowledge gathered from the simulations of the first case, simulations of acoustically augmented flow and transport in supercritical extraction systems, namely – in a fixed bed extractor (case 2) and membrane contactor (case 3) are also carried out. The oscillatory flow fields in these cases are created by the vibration of one of the end walls of the systems. A real-fluid model for representing the thermo-physical and transport properties of the supercritical fluid is considered. The fully compressible form of the Navier–Stokes equations is used to model the flow fields and an implicit time-marching scheme is used to solve the equations. Due to diverging thermo-physical properties of supercritical fluid near the critical point, large scale oscillations are generated even for small sound field intensity. The effects of near-critical property variations on the formation process of the streaming structures are also investigated. Predicted results from these simulations confirm that acoustic waves significantly accelerate the kinetics of the supercritical extraction process, especially in the near-critical region of operation and improve the final extraction yield. These improvements are attributed to an increase in the overall convective mass transfer coefficient.