cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Side effects and "gateway" tools: advocating a broader look at evaluating persuasive systems

This paper argues for evaluating the impact of persuasive systems on users beyond metrics that focus on system usage, based on an interview study of 16 Wii Fit users. While exploring their experiences and reasons for abandoning the system, two main themes emerged: the tension between Wii Fit as a fitness tool and a game, and ways participants reacted to the system's feedback about their weight and performance. Some participants used Wii Fit as a "gateway fitness" tool, moving beyond it to other fitness routines. Additionally, some users had significant emotional reactions to the Wii Fitts feedback. We argue that these 'side effects' are crucial considerations for the design and long-term evaluation of persuasive technologies.
Efficient Large Deformation Registration via Geodesics on a Learned Manifold of Images

Geodesic registration methods have been used to solve the large deformation registration problems, which are hard to solve with conventional registration methods. However, analytically defined geodesics may not coincide with anatomically optimal paths of registration. In this paper we propose a novel and efficient method for large deformation registration by learning the underlying structure of the data using a manifold learning technique. In this method a large deformation between two images is decomposed into a series of small deformations along the shortest path on the graph that approximates the metric structure of data. Furthermore, the graph representation allows us to estimate the optimal group template by minimizing geodesic distances. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method with synthetic 2D images and real 3D mice brain volumes.
Recurrent mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary manifest as an unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein.

Primary alpha-fetoprotein secreting ovarian tumors have been detected in pregnancy by markedly elevated midtrimester MSAFP accompanied by sonographically visualized adnexal masses. We present a recurrent mixed germ cell tumor manifesting only as a moderately elevated MSAFP screen. A 23-year-old para 1–0–0–1 at 17 weeks had a MSAFP screen of 3.88 multiples of the median (MOM). Since age 13 she had been treated for primary and recurrent mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary, after which her serum AFP had been negative. Ultrasound confirmed gestational age and normal fetal anatomy. Amniocentesis revealed a normal 46, XY karyotype, AFAFP, and negative acetylcholinesterase. Monthly MSAFP levels rose throughout pregnancy without the expected plateau and fall after 30 weeks. Definitive surgery at delivery confirmed recurrent AFP-secreting tumor. The trend over pregnancy of an unexplained elevated MSAFP level may signify recurrent mixed germ cell tumor
Assessing the power and quality of epidemiologic studies of asbestos-exposed populations.

This paper briefly discusses criteria for evaluating epidemiologic studies for risk assessment purposes, using asbestos as an example. Asbestos is one of the few carcinogens for which substantial d...
The dependence of viscoelastic flow functions on polymer structure for linear and branched polystyrene and polybutadiene

Experimentally determined viscosities, first and second normal stress differences, and compliances for concentrated solutions of linear and four-arm star-branched polystyrenes and polybutadienes depend on the shear rate and the molecular weight, in agreement with theory and previously reported experimental results. The ratios of the second to first normal stress difference are -0.29 and -0.214 for the linear and branched polymers, respectively, independent of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, concentration, and shear rate.
Adiabatic operation of a molecular machine

Operation of a molecular machine is often thought of as a “far from equilibrium” process in which energy released by some high free energy fuel molecule or by light is used to drive a nonequilibrium “power stroke” to do work on the environment. Here we discuss how a molecular machine can be operated arbitrarily close to chemical equilibrium and still perform significant work at an appreciable rate: micrometer per second velocities against piconewton loads. As a specific example, we focus on a motor based on a three-ring catenane similar to that discussed by Leigh [Leigh DA, Wong JKY, Dehez F, Zerbetto F (2003) Nature 424:174–179]. The machine moves through its working cycle under the influence of external modulation of the energies of the states, where the modulation is carried out slowly enough that the state probabilities obey a Boltzmann equilibrium distribution at every instant. The mechanism can be understood in terms of the geometric phase [Berry MV (1990) Phys Today 43(12):34–40] in which the system moves adiabatically around a closed loop in parameter space, completing, on average, nearly one-half mechanical cycle each time it does so. Because the system is very close to equilibrium at every instant, the efficiency can approach 100%.
Winter Orographic Precipitation Ratios in the Sierra Nevada—Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulations and Hydrologic Consequences

The extent to which winter precipitation is orographically enhanced within the Sierra Nevada of California varies from storm to storm, and season to season, from occasions when precipitation rates at low and high altitudes are almost the same to instances when precipitation rates at middle elevations (considered here) can be as much as 30 times more than at the base of the range. Analyses of large-scale conditions associated with orographic precipitation variations during storms and seasons from 1954 to 1999 show that strongly orographic storms most commonly have winds that transport water vapor across the range from a more nearly westerly direction than during less orographic storms and than during the largest overall storms, and generally the strongly orographic storms are less convectively stable. Strongly orographic conditions often follow heavy precipitation events because both of these wind conditions are present in midlatitude cyclones that form the cores of many
Semiactive Control of the 20-Story Benchmark Building with Piezoelectric Friction Dampers

A new control algorithm is proposed in this paper to control the responses of a seismically excited, nonlinear 20-story building with piezoelectric friction dampers. The passive friction damping mechanism is used for low-amplitude vibration while the active counterpart takes over for high-amplitude vibration. Both the stick and sliding phases of dampers are taken into account. To effectively mitigate the peak story drift and floor acceleration of the 20-story building, multiple dampers are placed on the 20-story building based on a sequential procedure developed for optimal performance of the dampers. Extensive simulations indicate that the proposed semiactive dampers can effectively reduce the seismic responses of the uncontrolled building with substantially less external power than its associated active dampers, for instance, 67% less under the 1940 El Centro earthquake when the passive friction force is equal to 10% of the damper capacity.
Reflectance spectroscopy for diagnosis of epithelial precancer: model-based analysis of fiber-optic probe designs to resolve spectral information from epithelium and stroma

Reflectance spectroscopy is a promising technology for detection of epithelial precancer. Fiber-optic probes that selectively collect scattered light from both the epithelium and the underlying stroma are likely to improve diagnostic performance of in vivo reflectance spectroscopy by revealing diagnostic features unique to each layer. We present Monte Carlo models with which to evaluate fiber-optic probe geometries with respect to sampling depth and depth resolution. We propose a probe design that utilizes half-ball lens coupled source and detector fibers to isolate epithelial scattering from stromal scattering and hence to resolve spectral information from the two layers. The probe is extremely compact and can provide easy access to different organ sites.
Genetic Screens for Enhancers of brahma Reveal Functional Interactions Between the BRM Chromatin-Remodeling Complex and the Delta-Notch Signal Transduction Pathway in Drosophila

The Drosophila trithorax group gene brahma (brm) encodes the ATPase subunit of a 2-MDa chromatin-remodeling complex. brm was identified in a screen for transcriptional activators of homeotic genes and subsequently shown to play a global role in transcription by RNA polymerase II. To gain insight into the targeting, function, and regulation of the BRM complex, we screened for mutations that genetically interact with a dominant-negative allele of brm (brmK804R). We first screened for dominant mutations that are lethal in combination with a brmK804R transgene under control of the brm promoter. In a distinct but related screen, we identified dominant mutations that modify eye defects resulting from expression of brmK804R in the eye-antennal imaginal disc. Mutations in three classes of genes were identified in our screens: genes encoding subunits of the BRM complex (brm, moira, and osa), other proteins directly involved in transcription (zerknullt and RpII140), and signaling molecules (Delta and vein). Expression of brmK804R in the adult sense organ precursor lineage causes phenotypes similar to those resulting from impaired Delta-Notch signaling. Our results suggest that signaling pathways may regulate the transcription of target genes by regulating the activity of the BRM complex.
Characterization of biomass residues and their amendment effects on water sorption and nutrient leaching in sandy soil

In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of two types of biomass residues (fermentation residues from a bioethanol process, FB; brown mill residues from a papermaking process, BM) as amendments for a sandy soil. The characteristics of these residues including specific surface areas, morphologies and nutrient sorption capacity were measured. The effects of biorefinery residues on water and nutrient retention were investigated in terms of different particle sizes and loadings. The results indicated that bio-based wastes FB and BM were able to significantly improve water and nutrient retention of sandy soil. The residues with larger surface areas had better water and nutrient retention capability. Specifically, in the addition of 10% loading, FB and BM was able to improve water retention by approximately 150% and 300%, while reduce 99% of ammonium and phosphate concentration in the leachate compare to the soil control, respectively.
Bone and Lean Tissue Changes Following Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection and Stifle Stabilization

Following cranial cruciate ligament transection and extracapsular stabilization, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to analyze bone mineral content and lean tissue mass in the surgical and nonsurgical legs (n=14) at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and to evaluate bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal, mid-, and distal tibia of both the surgical and nonsurgical legs (n=15) at 0, 5, and 10 weeks. There was significant loss of bone mineral content and lean tissue in the surgical leg compared to the nonsurgical leg. Significant loss in bone mineral content and BMD was detected in the tibia of the surgical leg and was most pronounced in the metaphyseal region.
Increasing the Scope of Implemented Shape Grammars: A Shape Grammar Interpreter for Curved Shapes

The complexity of shape grammars being produced continues to surpass the technology behind implementing them. One step towards implementing more useful shape grammars is the creation of a subshape matching technique for shapes composed of curved lines that lie in a plane. An interpreter with this ability allows for the practical implementation in general of two-dimensional grammars as well as opening the door for new applications of shape grammars. Our method for matching shapes consisting of curved lines is outlined and some examples from the Buick brand shape grammar, which was implemented by our interpreter, are shown. The emergent properties of shape grammars are also explored and considered using the new technique.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Commercial Immunoassay Kits for the Detection of Influenza Virus Type A: Evaluation of Their Use with Poultry

Abstract Five antigen capture immunoassay test kits, Directigen Flu A (Becton Dickinson), QuickVue Influenza test kit (Quidel), FLU OIA (ThermoBiostar), Zstat Flu (ZymeTx, Inc.) and NOW FLU A Test (Binax) were used to detect avian influenza virus (AIV) in clinical specimens as per manufacturers' protocols. Each kit was shown to be specific for AIV propagated in embryonating chicken eggs (ECE); other respiratory viruses of poultry tested gave negative results. The Directigen Flu A kit proved to be 10-fold more sensitive than the other kits, capable of detecting 104.7 mean embryo lethal dose (ELD50)/ml in allantoic fluid; this is more sensitive than the hemagglutination test using chicken erythrocytes. None of the kits proved to be sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect AIV in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs collected from chickens experimentally infected with AIV subtype H6N2. In two different experiments, individual swabs and pools of five or six swabs were tested. By virus isolation, 39 individual oro...
Policing immigrant communities: Latino perceptions of police involvement in immigration enforcement

ABSTRACTUsing data from a survey of 2004 Latinos in four urban counties in the USA, this paper considers a question that has not been systematically investigated: how has increasing police involvement in immigration enforcement impacted the perceptions of the police that are held by immigrant and non-immigrant Latinos? Survey results indicate that many Latinos report fear of police, contributing to their social isolation and exacerbating their mistrust of law enforcement authorities. A substantial portion of Latino respondents report that they would be less likely to voluntarily contact the police if they are the victim of a crime, or to provide information about a crime, because they fear that police would use this contact as an opportunity to investigate their immigration status or that of their friends and family members. We use regression analysis to further analyse the determinants of these responses. Our findings suggest that negative encounters with police involving questions of immigration status ...
Late Consequences of Therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The dramatic success of the therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over the past 60 years has led to significantly improved survival of pediatric patients and, to a lesser extent, adult patients with ALL. With this success has come the recognition of late sequelae of chemotherapy and radiation treatment of long-term survivors of ALL therapy. These late consequences encompass complications of nearly every organ system, but dominantly affect neurocognitive, endocrine, and cardiac systems. The endocrine effects are the most pleomorphic and impact growth, body weight, fertility, thyroid function, and bone metabolism. Second malignancies are also a serious complication of therapy. Patients who undergo blood or marrow transplantation as part of the therapy for ALL are at risk for similar complications. Increasing recognition and study of these complications has led to the development of monitoring schedules and the development of guidelines for managing patients who are long-term survivors.
Recent trends in organ procurement for renal transplantation at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

Organ procurement data for renal transplantation at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation are reviewed for the period from 1978 to 1983. An analysis of the geographic source of organs, causes of donor death, and age/sex distribution of the donors is presented. The need for an expanded cadaver donor base is emphasized.
Apomorphine-Induced Inhibition of Episodic LH Release in Ovariectomized Rats with Complete Hypothalamic Deafferentation

SummaryComplete neural deafferentation of the MBH in 53 rats resulted in a constant vaginal diestrous smear pattern in 85% of the rats, and in this type animal very low blood LH levels and absence of episodic LH release followed ovariectomy. The remaining 15% had a constant vaginal estrous smear pattern, and most demonstrated pulsatile LH secretion following ovariectomy. Thus, afferent input to the MBH seems to be required in most rats to sustain episodic LH secretion. Administration of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor stimulator, to animals which were in constant estrus before ovariectomy, resulted in inhibition of pulsatile LH secretion, suggesting that this apomorphine-induced inhibition is a result of activation of dopamine receptors within, rather than outside, the MBH-pituitary unit.We would like to thank Brad Garibaldi, Bob Schlegel, Veronica Lickova and Cindy Voytek for their help in these studies, and Annette Lowe and Linda Delucchi for preparation of the figures and typing the manuscript. Thanks...
LOX/Methane Engine Utilizing Liquid/Liquid Co-axial Swirl Injector

The propellant combination of liquid methane and liquid oxygen has been the focus of many research and design programs in the past few years. This paper focuses on the investigation of an increase in performance of a liquid oxygen (LOX) / liquid methane (LCH4) engine through the use of a liquid/liquid co-axial swirl injector. This injection scheme is an unlike impinging type which uses concentric injection orifices that inject both propellants in the liquid phase and with a designed angular momentum. This creates a swirling cone of each propellant which will then impinge together. The engine developed uses multiple injection elements of this type to generate 2200 N (495 lbf) of thrust. To investigate the performance of the engine, the engine is scheduled to be hot fire tested early next summer. The data collected will then be compared to a reference engine that has a configuration which is extremely similar except for the injection method. This will allow for the quantification of the change in performance of the engine caused by the injection method. Future uses of this engine include a potential flight test in the fall of 2010. The same team that is developing the engine is also part of a CSULB project to design and manufacturing a high performance light weight rocket which is base lined to use this engine.
Time Changes in Perception: A Longitudinal Application of Multidimensional Scaling:

Multidimensional scaling techniques are employed in a longitudinal experiment as an approach to investigate attitude processes. An attempt is made to validate nonmetric multidimensional scaling as ...
A Vague Set Theory Based Model and Approach for Black-start Decision-making

The determination of the optimal black-start strategy has significant impacts on the speed of power system restoration after a blackout.In the existing black-start decision-making methods,the employed indexes cannot be well synthesized,and the relevance among the indexes cannot be taken into account.Given this background,the Vague set is first employed in this work to represent the indexes for facilitating the comparisons among them.Then,the Vague value measure is presented,and a mathematical model for black-start decision-making is developed.Compared with the existing methods,the developed method could deal with the relevance among the indexes and more reasonably represent the fuzzy information.Finally,an actual example is served for demonstrating the essential features of the developed model and method.
Enhancing DNA-Mediated Assemblies of Supramolecular Cage Dimers through Tuning Core Flexibility and DNA Length—A Combined Experimental–Modeling Study

Two complementary small-molecule–DNA hybrid (SMDH) building blocks have been combined to form well-defined supramolecular cage dimers at DNA concentrations as high as 102 μM. This was made possible by combining a flexible small-molecule core and three DNA arms of moderate lengths (<20 base pairs). These results were successfully modeled by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, which also revealed that the formation of ill-defined networks in the case of longer DNA arms can be significantly biased by the presence of deep kinetic traps. Notably, melting point studies revealed that cooperative melting behavior can be used as a means to distinguish the relative propensities for dimer versus network formation from complementary flexible three-DNA-arm SMDH (fSMDH3) components: sharp, enhanced melting transitions were observed for assemblies that result mostly in cage dimers, while no cooperative melting behavior was observed for assemblies that form ill-defined networks.
Faktorenanalyse der Tumorentstehung beim Menschen am Beispiel des Epstein-Barr-Virus

Eine Reihe von Viren erzeugt unter naturlichen oder experimentellen Bedingungen Tumoren in Tieren. Es ist deshalb wahrscheinlich, das auch manche Tumoren des Menschen virusbedingt sind. Der Beweis fur diese These kann nur indirekt durch Erfullung der folgenden vier Kriterien erbracht werden. (1) Nachweis viraler Antigene und viraler genetischer Information im Tumor; (2) Transformation normaler menschlicher Zellen durch das Virus in der Gewebekultur; (3) virusabhangige Induktion von Tumoren in Tieren; und (4) Nachweis des Anstiegs von Virusantikorpern bei Tumorkranken. Durch Erfullung dieser vier Kriterien fur das Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) kann dessen kausale Beziehung zum Burkittschen Lymphom und zum Karzinom des Nasopharynx als gegeben gelten. Doch mussen zusatzlich genetische, immunologische oder ausere Faktoren eine Rolle spielen, weil EBV als Erreger der infektiosen Mononukleose zwar weit verbreitet ist, aber dennoch nur selten mit Tumoren einhergeht.
Toward the Precipice

Extensive preventive diplomacy seemed to have brought a semblance of peace to Rwanda as accords on military and political arrangements were signed at Arusha. Poor coordination with UN peacekeeping operations then undermined the process, enabling Hutu extremists to intensify their opposition to the planned Transitional Government and to formulate plans for exterminating Tutsi. The assassination of Burundi’s Hutu president by Tutsi military officers further inflamed passions as Rwanda descended into a cycle of renewed ethnic violence. The Transitional Government was never installed, and outside mediators were again hard at work in an effort to bring the country back from the brink of disaster. The combustibility of the situation was evident, ignition only awaiting a fatal spark.
Operator Siegel Domains

A unified description and treatment is given for a large and important class of homogeneous Siegel domains in finite and infinite dimensions. These domains are shown to be linearly equivalent to generalized upper half-planes in spaces of operators having a kind of triple product structure.
Die Prothesenschaftlockerung bei der Alloarthroplastik der Hüfte

Die Prothesenlockerung bei der Alloarthroplastik des Huftgelenks beruhrt in der kritischen Verbundhaftung der Knochen-Zement-Grenze ein biologisches Problem, bezieht jedoch ihre wesentliche Problematik aus der Biomechanik der Verankerung. Dabei sind Konstruktionsmerkmale des Implantats von entscheidender Bedeutung, insbesondere der Halsschaftwinkel der Prothesenkonstruktion und der vorhandene oder fehlende Kragenaufsitz bzw. analog die valgische und varische Einlassung der Prothese.
Prospects and Challenges in the Development of a Norovirus Vaccine

Abstract Purpose Norovirus is the leading cause of acute epidemic gastroenteritis among children under the age of 5 years and adults in the United States and in adults worldwide, accounting for an estimated 20% of episodes of acute gastroenteritis across all ages. No effective vaccine is presently available. This article provides an overview of the current state of norovirus vaccine development, emphasizing barriers and challenges in the development of an effective vaccine, correlates of protection used to assess vaccine efficacy, and the results of clinical trials of the major candidate vaccines. Methods We performed an unstructured literature review of published articles listed in PubMed in the field of norovirus vaccine development, with an emphasis on studies in humans. Findings Two candidate vaccines have reached clinical trials, and a number of other candidates are in the preclinical stages of development. Multivalent vaccination may be effective in inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies protective against challenge with novel and heterologous norovirus strains. Most identified correlates of protection have not been validated in large-scale challenge studies, nor have the degrees to which these correlates covary been assessed. Implications Immune correlates of protection against norovirus infection need to be further developed to facilitate additional studies of the tolerability and efficacy of candidate norovirus vaccines in humans.
Exuberant nodal proliferation of mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

![Figure][1] A 71-year-old man presented with an enlarged axillary lymph node 7 months after a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 1 (CMML-1). Microscopically, the nodal architecture was nearly effaced by diffuse proliferation with scattered residual lymphoid aggregates (panel A;
Janus: A Hybrid Scalable Multi-Representation Cloud Datastore

Cloud-based data-intensive applications have to process high volumes of transactional and analytical requests on large-scale data. Businesses base their decisions on the results of analytical requests, creating a need for real-time analytical processing. We propose Janus, a hybrid scalable cloud datastore, which enables the efficient execution of diverse workloads by storing data in different representations. Janus manages big datasets in the context of datacenters, thus supporting scaling out by partitioning the data across multiple servers. This requires Janus to efficiently support distributed transactions. In order to support the different datacenter requirements, Janus also allows diverse partitioning strategies for the different representations. Janus proposes a novel data movement pipeline to continuously ensure up to date data between the different representations. Unlike existing multi-representation storage systems and Change Data Capture (CDC) pipelines, the data movement pipeline in Janus supports partitioning and handles both distributed transactions and diverse partitioning strategies. In this paper, we focus on supporting Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) workloads, and hence use row and column-oriented representations, which are the most efficient representations for these workloads. Our evaluations over Amazon AWS illustrate that Janus can provide real-time analytical results, in addition to processing high-throughput transactional workloads.
Are predictive models useful in clinical medicine

The authors have submitted a very interesting paper that is a predictive model—meaning there are no new patients in this study. Rather the authors have search the literature to find all of the best articles that show the accuracy of EUS and then they used the National Cancer Database to show estimates of survival of subgroups of patients. Armed with these heterogonous data sets and many assumptions they construct a predictive model for patients with clinical T2N0M0 esophageal cancer.
Spectropolarimetric Monitoring of WR140

We report on eight years of spectropolarimetric monitoring of the WR140 binary. The broad-band linear polarization decreased systematically after the 1985 periastron passage. By 1991, it settled to a constant value at which it has remained through the 1993 periastron passage. We do not detect, in data taken after 1989, a line-effect in He II λ4686. This suggests either that the continuum and the line emission scatter at the same region, or that any intrinsic polarization has been below our detection limit. We conclude that the presently observed polarization of WR140 is consistent with interstellar foreground polarization.
Inquiry teaching and learning: Philosophical considerations

Inquiry teaching can be viewed as an approach for communicating the knowledge and practices of science to learners. In its various forms inquiry offers potential learning opportunities and poses constraints on what might be available to learn. Philosophical analysis offers ways of understanding inquiry, knowledge, and social practices. This chapter will examine philosophical problems that arise from teaching science as inquiry. Observation, experimentation, measurement, inference, explanation, and modeling pose challenges for novice learners who may not have the conceptual and epistemic knowledge to engage effectively in such scientific practices in inquiry settings. Science learning entails apprenticeship and socialization into a legacy of conceptual knowledge and epistemic practices (Kelly. Inquiry, Activity, and Epistemic Practice. In R. Duschl & R. Grandy (Eds.) Teaching Scientific Inquiry: Recommendations for Research and Implementation (pp. 99–117; 288–291). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2008). Modern science increasingly relies on abstract and computational models that are not readily constructed from the student-driven questions that often function as an early step in inquiry approaches to instruction. Thus, engaging students in the epistemic practices of science poses challenges for educators.
Life/ography as Storytelling: Using Letters, Diaries, Journals, and Poetry to Understand the Work of Female Leaders:

This article reflexively engages and discusses a Life/ography project involving two female superintendents of schools in two U.S. North Central states who are dedicated to making their respective d...
Weakly Supervised Localization Using Background Images

Weakly Supervised Object Localization (WSOL) methodsusually rely on fully convolutional networks in order to ob-tain class activation maps(CAMs) of targeted labels. How-ever, these networks always highlight the most discriminativeparts to perform the task, the located areas are much smallerthan entire targeted objects. In this work, we propose a novelend-to-end model to enlarge CAMs generated from classifi-cation models, which can localize targeted objects more pre-cisely. In detail, we add an additional module in traditionalclassification networks to extract foreground object propos-als from images without classifying them into specific cate-gories. Then we set these normalized regions as unrestrictedpixel-level mask supervision for the following classificationtask. We collect a set of images defined as Background ImageSet from the Internet. The number of them is much smallerthan the targeted dataset but surprisingly well supports themethod to extract foreground regions from different pictures.The region extracted is independent from classification task,where the extracted region in each image covers almost en-tire object rather than just a significant part. Therefore, theseregions can serve as masks to supervise the response mapgenerated from classification models to become larger andmore precise. The method achieves state-of-the-art results onCUB-200-2011 in terms of Top-1 and Top-5 localization er-ror while has a competitive result on ILSVRC2016 comparedwith other approaches.
Low-Temperature Oxidation of Metals and Alloys for Processing Secondary Raw Materials into Chemical Products

The process with two specially selected and synchronously working oxidants, one of which directly oxidizes the metal to form the products of its reduction and another oxidizes this product with the regeneration of the first oxidant consumed in the oxidation of the metal, is shown to be the most appropriate for the processing of metals and alloys. The doses of the used oxidants and the composition of the target product are determined. The processes occurring during the processing are considered.
Superior Temperature Performance of Si-Ge Waveguide Avalanche Photodiodes at 64Gbps PAM4 Operation

We demonstrate a low voltage Si-Ge waveguide avalanche photodiode with extremely high temperature performance. It exhibits high temperature stability from 30 °C to 90 °C, and achieves excellent operation with 64 Gb/s PAM4 modulation.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

With increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors, there have been significant concerns for the potential for fulminant myocarditis. However, systematic analyses of the real-world cardiovascular (CV) effects of these medications, including myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF), are lacking.
Bearing the Brunt of Structural Inequality: Ontological Labor in the Academy

Empirical data show that members of underrepresented and historically marginalized groups in academia undertake many forms of undervalued or unnoticed labor. While the data help to identify that this labor exists, they do not provide a thick description of what the experience is like, nor do they offer a framework for understanding the different kinds of invisible labor that are being undertaken. We identify and analyze a distinct, undervalued, and invisible labor that the data have left unnamed and unmeasured: ontological labor, the work required to manage one’s identity and body if either or both do not fit into academic structures, norms, and demands. We argue that ontological labor efforts should be understood as a form of labor. We then provide a characterization of ontological labor, detailing the labor as navigating one’s obligations to give and managing entitlements to take. We also highlight the ontological labor that takes place through instances of resistance, such as through complaint or refusals.
The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolates encoding a D614G mutation in the viral spike (S) protein predominate over time in locales where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. We therefore compared the functional properties of the S proteins with aspartic acid (S D614 ) and glycine (S G614 ) at residue 614. We observed that retroviruses pseudotyped with S G614 infected ACE2-expressing cells markedly more efficiently than those with S D614 . This greater infectivity was correlated with less S1 shedding and greater incorporation of the S protein into the pseudovirion. Similar results were obtained using the virus-like particles produced with SARS-CoV-2 M, N, E, and S proteins. However, S G614 did not bind ACE2 more efficiently than S D614 , and the pseudoviruses containing these S proteins were neutralized with comparable efficiencies by convalescent plasma. These results show S G614 is more stable than S D614 , consistent with epidemiological data suggesting that viruses with S G614 transmit more efficiently.
And Worldlessness, Alas, Is Always a Kind of Barbarism: Hannah Arendt and the Challenge of Educating in Worldless Times.

Background/ContextIn 1958, Hannah Arendt wrote “The Crisis in Education,” arguing that schools should not be used for political purposes and should instead introduce children to what she calls “the...
The Role of Local and Global Weighting in Assessing the Semantic Similarity of Texts Using Latent Semantic Analysis

In this paper, we investigate the impact of several local and global weighting schemes on Latent Semantic Analysis' (LSA) ability to capture semantic similarity between two texts. We worked with texts varying in size from sentences to paragraphs. We present a comparison of 3 local and 3 global weighting schemes across 3 different standardized data sets related to semantic similarity tasks. For local weighting, we used binary weighting, term-frequency, and log-type. For global weighting, we relied on binary, inverted document frequencies (IDF) collected from the English Wikipedia, and entropy, which is the standard weighting scheme used by most LSA-based applications. We studied all possible combinations of these weighting schemes on the following three tasks and corresponding data sets: paraphrase identification at sentence level using the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus, paraphrase identification at sentence level using data from the intelligent tutoring system iSTART, and mental model detection based on student-articulated paragraphs in MetaTutor, another intelligent tutoring system. Our experiments revealed that for sentence-level texts a combination of type frequency local weighting in combination with either IDF or binary global weighting works best. For paragraph-level texts, a log-type local weighting in combination with binary global weighting works best. We also found that global weights have a greater impact for sententence-level similarity as the local weight is undermined by the small size of such texts.
Outcome in young adults who were diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome in childhood and adolescence.

Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain condition of unknown etiology. Little is known of long-term outcomes of young adults who were diagnosed with CRPS as children. Methods In this study, surveys were mailed to adults who were treated for childhood CRPS at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital between 1994 and 2018. Completed surveys were analyzed for pain symptoms. Health-related quality-of-life surveys, the Optum SF-8, were analyzed based on norm-based scoring. Results This study had a 50% response rate. Patients were treated with physical and occupational therapy, peripheral or sympathetic nerve blocks, medication for neuropathic pain, and psychotherapy. Sixty-eight percent of the subjects reported pain. Each 1-year increase in the patient's age at the time of CRPS diagnosis increased the odds of having at least mild pain as an adult by 61% (P = 0.005). Most patients had slightly lower quality-of-life scores than the US population average in both the mental component score (43.4, 95%, confidence interval 3.4) and the physical component score (44.4, 95%, confidence interval 3.3). Conclusions Young adults in our sample had long-lasting pain symptoms. More than two-thirds of adult patients reported some degree of pain, and these patients had a lower quality of life. Encouraging was that the majority did not have CRPS spreading to other areas, and their pain did not warrant further treatment. Understanding long-term outcomes may lead to risk stratification earlier in the disease to improve future quality of life.
The Borrelia burgdorferi infection critical BBK13 protein forms large oligomers in the spirochete membrane.

Abstract Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the leading tick-borne illness in the United States. However, due to, in part, to the significant number of proteins of unknown function encoded across the complex fragmented genome, the molecular mechanisms of B. burgdorferi infection remain largely undefined. Previous work identified the virulence determinant gene, bbk13, which is critical for B. burgdorferi’s ability to establish a productive disseminated infection. BBK13 is an immunogenic, non-surface exposed protein of unknown function predicted to harbor an N-terminal transmembrane domain and annotated as a member of the SIMPL domain protein superfamily (PF04402). In eukaryotes, SIMPL domain proteins have been shown to contribute to NF-kappa-B signaling but have no known functions in prokaryotes. Herein we investigated the biochemical and biophysical properties of BBK13 toward elucidation of its function. Bioinformatics analysis revealed secondary and tertiary structural homology between BBK13 and two other prokaryotic SIMPL domain proteins for which the crystal structures have been solved, Brucella abortus BP26 and Campylobacter jejuni cjSLP. Furthermore, comparable to BP26, recombinant BBK13 self-assembled into multimeric complexes in vitro and endogenous BBK13 was found in large oligomeric complexes in the spirochete membrane. Together these data suggest that the oligomeric structure of BBK13 may be important for the molecular function of this critical infection protein.
Long-term treatment leads to reduction of tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) populations in the Buffalo National River

In this case study, we used point mapping data to evaluate long-term treatment of invasive tree-of-heaven [Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle]. This study at the Buffalo National River included 21 project areas ranging in size from 0.02 to 11.3 ha and spanned 5 to 8 yr depending on the site. The control techniques varied depending on the year and included the application of herbicide, which also varied over the course of the study and included imazapyr, triclopyr, and triclopyr+fluroxypyr. Treatments during the first year reduced local A. altissima populations by an average of 66%. Long-term repeated treatments led to decreases of at least 90% in 70% of the project areas and at least 73% in 95% of the project areas. Only one project area was found to support no plants during the final treatment year. Ailanthus altissima increased at most project areas during an unusually wet year and was more likely to increase than decrease in intervals >1 yr with no treatment. Over the temporal and spatial scales of this case study, we observed high levels of control that will likely meet the specified levels and ecological benefits required in many similar efforts. Land managers must, however, make a long-term commitment of resources to achieve lasting control of this invasive species.
Assessing the assessment: a comparison of the IPASS and ICCAS to measure change in interprofessional competencies following a large-scale interprofessional forum

Measuring the effectiveness of interprofessional education (IPE) experiences is essential but challenging. Surveying learners before (pretest) and after (posttest) an IPE experience may result in m...
Dental Care in Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly: Organizational Structures and Protocols.

Abstract Objectives This study uses a national model of community-based long-term services and supports, the Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), to identify organizational structures and protocols that can facilitate the delivery of dental examinations. Design We developed an online survey instrument and conceptual model for this study representing 10 domains believed to characterize a quality PACE dental program. Setting and Participants The Qualtrics survey was distributed nationally to all 124 PACE programs in the 31 states PACE was available. Respondents in this study represented 35 programs (program response rate = 28.2%) in 23 states (state response rate = 74.2%). Methods Selected independent variables from each of the 10 domains were tested against the reported delivery of dental examinations variable using the Kendall τ and χ2. Twenty-nine programs were included in the final analysis. Results Most programs mandated a dental examination within 31–60 days of enrollment (63.6%). Few programs had a dental manual (15.6%) or any quality assurance for dental care (32.3%). A majority of programs (58.8%) stated that they had a protocol for enrollees to receive a cleaning every 6–12 months. Having a system for quality assurance for dental care, protocol for a cleaning every 6–12 months, mandating a comprehensive dental examination and providing preventive dental services onsite with built-in equipment, were all statistically associated with a higher reported delivery of dental examinations. Conclusion and Implications Organizations providing long-term services and supports, including PACE, can use these identified domains to develop minimal standards to ensure dental care is part of innovative models of community-based long-term services and supports. Implementing these domains can facilitate effective delivery of dental examinations that have the potential to support positive oral health and general health outcomes.
Establishing the Minimal Clinically Important Difference for the PROMIS Upper Extremity Computer Adaptive Test Version 2.0 in a Nonshoulder Hand and Upper Extremity Population.

Purpose Our primary purpose was to calculate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (UE) Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) version 2.0 (v2.0) for a nonshoulder hand and upper extremity population. Secondarily, we calculated the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) CAT v2.0 and the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand ( QuickDASH) MCID. Methods Adult patients treated by 1 of 5 fellowship-trained hand surgeons between March 2015 and September 2019 at an academic tertiary institution were identified. The PROMIS UE CAT v2.0, PROMIS PF CAT v2.0, and QuickDASH were collected via tablet computer. Inclusion required response to at least 1 of the instruments at both baseline and follow-up (6 ± 4 weeks), and a response to the anchor question: "Compared to your first evaluation at the University Orthopaedic Center, how would you describe your physical function level now?" An additional anchor question assessing treatment-related improvement was also asked. The MCID was calculated using an anchor-based approach using the mean change difference between groups reporting no change and slight change for both anchor questions, and with the 1/2 SD method. Results Of 2,106 participants, mean age was 48 ± 17 years, 53% were female, and 53% were recovering from surgery. Of these patients, 381 completed the PROMISE UE CAT v2.0, 497 completed the PROMIS PF CAT v2.0, and 2,018 completed the QuickDASH. The score change between baseline and follow-up was significantly different between anchor groups for both anchor-based MCID calculations. Anchor-based MCID values were 3.0 to 4.0 for the UE CAT, 2.1 to 3.6 for the PF CAT, and 10.3 for the QuickDASH. The MCID values per the 1/2 SD method were 4.1, 4.1, and 10.2, respectively. Conclusions We propose MCID ranges of 3.0 to 4.1 for the PROMIS UE CAT v2.0, and 2.1 to 4.1 for the PROMIS PF CAT v2.0. The observed QuickDASH MCID values (10.2–10.3) are within the range of previously published values. Clinical relevance These MCID estimates will aid in interpreting clinical outcomes and in powering clinical studies.
The Prolyl Isomerase PIN1 Plays a Critical Role in Fibroblast Differentiation States to Support Pancreatic Cancer

The prolyl isomerase PIN1 is overexpressed in cancer and contributes to cancer cell-intrinsic phenotypes including proliferation and migration. While its pro-tumor role has generated interest in targeting PIN1, its role in tumor-associated stromal phenotypes has not yet been studied. Here, we show that in addition to contributing to intrinsic tumor cell phenotypes, PIN1 is a critical regulator of fibroblast differentiation states. Loss of PIN1 in pancreatic stellate cells, the primary cells responsible for stromal expansion in pancreatic tumors, impairs the epigenetic response to TGF β and activation to a myofibroblast state, driving instead an antigen presenting fibroblast state. This shift in fibroblast function with PIN1 loss alters the tumor ecosystem, resulting in reduced paracrine HGF signaling to cancer cells, reduced extracellular matrix deposition, and increased vascularization. This work defines a role for PIN1 in controlling fibroblast function and suggests that targeting PIN1 in cancer will have a broad anti-tumor effect.