cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do “foreign” faces really look alike?

White subjects judged the degree of apparent resemblance of pairs of Japanese and pairs of white American faces using a 10-step psychometric scale. Judgments were made either in a “perceptual” condition (both faces seen simultaneously) or in a “memory” condition (sequential presentation, zero time between faces). Mean resemblance judgments were not affected by the method of presenting the pairs. Contrary to the results obtained in earlier investigations, Japanese and all women’s faces were judged to be significantly more alike than white and all men’s faces. No interactions were significant. These data, considered alone, support the hypothesis that Japanese faces are perceived to be more alike than white faces. However, these results, when considered in the context of the results of the earlier studies, are not compelling evidence for the homogeneity hypothesis. It is unlikely that the other-race memory effect can be accounted for by the differences in judged similarity of Japanese compared to white faces.
Future directions of structural mass spectrometry using hydroxyl radical footprinting

Hydroxyl radical protein footprinting coupled to mass spectrometry has been developed over the last decade and has matured to a powerful method for analyzing protein structure and dynamics. It has been successfully applied in the analysis of protein structure, protein folding, protein dynamics, and protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Using synchrotron radiolysis, exposure of proteins to a 'white' X-ray beam for milliseconds provides sufficient oxidative modification to surface amino acid side chains, which can be easily detected and quantified by mass spectrometry. Thus, conformational changes in proteins or protein complexes can be examined using a time-resolved approach, which would be a valuable method for the study of macromolecular dynamics. In this review, we describe a new application of hydroxyl radical protein footprinting to probe the time evolution of the calcium-dependent conformational changes of gelsolin on the millisecond timescale. The data suggest a cooperative transition as multiple sites in different molecular subdomains have similar rates of conformational change. These findings demonstrate that time-resolved protein footprinting is suitable for studies of protein dynamics that occur over periods ranging from milliseconds to seconds. In this review, we also show how the structural resolution and sensitivity of the technology can be improved as well. The hydroxyl radical varies in its reactivity to different side chains by over two orders of magnitude, thus oxidation of amino acid side chains of lower reactivity are more rarely observed in such experiments. Here we demonstrate that the selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-based method can be utilized for quantification of oxidized species, improving the signal-to-noise ratio. This expansion of the set of oxidized residues of lower reactivity will improve the overall structural resolution of the technique. This approach is also suggested as a basis for developing hypothesis-driven structural mass spectrometry experiments.
Community-based behavioral weight-loss treatment: long-term maintenance of weight loss, physiological, and psychological outcomes.

Abstract Obesity is a significant public health problem, and sustainable long-term treatments are needed. This study examined a community-based model of weight-loss treatment. Ninety participants were recruited from eight community organizations (mean age: 49.65 years, mean body mass index: 35.80 kg/m 2 ; 64% female). Treatment groups were randomly assigned to two maintenance conditions: 1) self-help continuing care, or 2) assessment-only. Both received the same initial 20-session group behavioral treatment. Those randomized to continuing care were additionally instructed to meet as self-sustaining groups for 18 months post-treatment. Weight, physiological, behavioral, and psychological outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at six-month and 18-month follow-up. Eighty-seven percent of participants completed treatment. Participant treatment satisfaction and therapist adherence to treatment protocol were high. No group differences or time by group interaction effects emerged. Participants achieved significant weight losses at post-treatment, with no significant weight regain at six-month or 18-month follow-up. Treatment produced sustained changes in waist circumference, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, insulin, eating patterns, physical activity, quality of life, and body image. A community-based treatment program may be an effective form of behavioral-weight-loss treatment for overweight/obese adults. Weight losses, along with physiological and psychological benefits, were sustained over time.
On nonsinusoidal waves at the Earth‧s magnetopause

We have examined International Sun Earth Explorer (ISEE) 1 and 2 data during an interval of multiple magnetopause crossings along the flanks of the tail on January 22, 1978. During the event the interplanetary magnetic field was mainly northward. We found that the surface waves on the magnetopause were nonsinusoidal with steepened sunward facing surfaces. This result is consistent with observations reported for an analogous event by Chen et al. (1993). The dawn-dusk electric field E in the low-latitude boundary layer was approx. 10 kV/R(sub E), which is much greater than the approx. 1 kV/R(sub E) dawn-dusk E field typical of the sunward convecting plasma sheet plasma. The ratio of the dawn-dusk E field in the LLBL to the dusk-dawn E in the magnetosheath was approx. 1/3. We propose that the magnetic field in the magnetosheath modulates the wave form in a way that may result in an anomalous transport of momentum across the magnetopause.
Hot and Relaxed Electron Transfer from the CdSe Core and Core/Shell Nanorods

Transient absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the rates of electron transfer (ET) from CdSe and CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanorods to adsorbed methyl viologen, MV2+. The nanorods are excited with 387 nm light, producing electrons 7700 cm−1 above the conduction band edge. Kinetics are measured in particles without adsorbed MV2+, giving electron cooling and electron−hole recombination times. The kinetics obtained with and without adsorbed MV2+ are compared to infer the ET rates. The results indicate that electron cooling occurs on the 0.7−1.8 ps time scale, with the fastest cooling occurring from the highest energy states. Hot electron transfer from the highest energy levels competes with electron cooling, occurring on the 0.5 ps time scale. Bare particle (relaxed) electron transfer occurs on the time scale of less than or about 4 ps. This is faster than biexciton Auger recombination which occurs on the 50 ps time scale. The energy dependence of the ET times can be semiquantitatively understood in term...
Nonlinear axisymmetric and three‐dimensional vorticity dynamics in a swirling jet model

The mechanisms of vorticity concentration, reorientation, and stretching are investigated in a simplified swirling jet model, consisting of a line vortex along the jet axis surrounded by a jet shear layer with both azimuthal and streamwise vorticity. Inviscid three-dimensional vortex dynamics simulations demonstrate the nonlinear interaction and competition between a centrifugal instability and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities feeding on both components of the base flow vorticity. Under axisymmetric flow conditions, it is found that the swirl leads to the emergence of counterrotating vortex rings, whose circulation, in the absence of viscosity, can grow without bounds. Scaling laws are provided for the growth of these rings, which trigger a pinch-off mechanism resulting in a strong decrease of the local jet diameter. In the presence of an azimuthal disturbance, the nonlinear evolution of the flow depends strongly on the initial ratio of the azimuthal and axisymmetric perturbation amplitudes. The long term dynamics of the jet can be dominated by counterrotating vortex rings connected by braid vortices, by like-signed rings and streamwise braid vortices, or by wavy streamwise vortices alone.
Investigating external corpus and clickthrough statistics for query expansion in the legal domain

We apply language modeling keyword search augmented with Berger and Lafferty's (1999) translation model for query expansion to formulate three query expansion methods using word co-occurrence statistics from a large external corpus and user clickthrough data. We study the performance of these methods on a vertical domain (case law documents) using standard metrics and an evaluation framework designed specifically to measure the performance of query expansion under varying degrees of query-document term mismatch.
Water Table Mounding Beneath Stormwater Infiltration Basins

The objectives of this study were to monitor water table levels in response to infiltrating stormwater from an infiltration basin, to calibrate and test a numerical water table flow model using data obtained, and to evaluate the primary factors that affect water table mounding. Infiltration basins are often utilized in urban settings to recharge stormwater to the water table. Localized recharge by these relatively small basins can cause a water table mound to form below the basin. Mound formation may reduce the thickness of the soil available to filter pollutants and may reduce the infiltration rate of the basin. Therefore, an accurate understanding of water table mound formation is important in the proper design of infiltration basins. A 0.10-hectare infiltration basin serving a 9.4-hectare residential subdivision in Oconomowoc, WI, was instrumented for this study. Three storm events were modeled using the two-dimensional variably saturated numerical model HYDRUS-2D. A good fit was achieved between modeled and observed data for the timing and magnitude of water table rise for all three storms. Mound height was most sensitive to the thickness of the basin sedimentation layer and the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Ideal basin siting conditions to minimize mounding were found to occur in a material with high saturated hydraulic conductivity and with thick unsaturated and saturated layers.
Predicting distortions and overlay errors due to wafer deformation during chucking on lithography scanners

Chucking of substrates with wafer shape and thickness variations results in elastic deformation that can cause significant in-plane distortions that lead to overlay errors in lithographic patterning. As feature sizes shrink, overlay errors due to the combination of wafer geometry and chucking become a larger fraction of the error budget and must be controlled. We use a finite element model and a lithographic correction postprocessing scheme to predict in-plane distortions that result from chucking wafers with shape variations. We then use the predictions of in-plane distortions at two different patterning steps to calculate the component of overlay error that arises from localized shape variations. Using the model, in-plane distortion and overlay errors due to chucking are examined for multiple wafers with different geometries. The results show that long spatial wavelength shape variations cause significant distortion, but can largely be mitigated through the use of simple first-order corrections that are applied in typical lithography scanners. In contrast, high-frequency spatial variations cause distortions that cannot be corrected and hence lead to meaningful overlay errors. The results provide fundamental insight into chucking-induced overlay errors and can serve as a basis for the development of higher order scanner correction schemes that explicitly account for the wafer geometry through high-density wafer shape measurements.
Welcome to the Anthropocene

The land is changing; the land has always changed. But the parameters that limit the working of observable change are also mutable, and they appear to be changing now. As a society, we may be entering a period when the range of changes we experience in the land around us becomes unbounded, and the changes themselves become harder to predict, harder to live with, and, for many of us, harder to accept. In the summer of 1903 Vernon O. Bailey, a wiry, owlish Midwesterner of 39 years, stood atop 12,529-foot Pecos Baldy in what is today the Pecos Wilderness northeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico. He looked out over a turbulent mountain sea of craggy peaks and high-altitude forest and judged that the forest "has been sadly thinned by burning, fully three fourths of it having been burned over and a large part of the coniferous forest replaced by poplars [aspens] or kept open by repeated burning for grazing land."1 He made similar observations in the Taos Mountains:
N‐Boc‐hydroxylamine

[36016-38-3] C5H11NO3 (MW 133.15) InChI = 1S/C5H11NO3/c1-5(2,3)9-4(7)6-8/h8H,1-3H3,(H,6,7) InChIKey = DRDVJQOGFWAVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (protecting group incorporation has been used to tune and control the ambident nucleophilicity of hydroxylamine.1N-Boc-hydroxylamine is known to undergo a variety of nucleophilic N- and O-functionalization reactions and is a precursor to tert-butyloxy–nitroso–carbonyl derivatives that can participate as dienophiles in the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction, as enophiles in the ene reaction, and as an electrophilic source of nitrogen or oxygen in the nitrosoformate aldol reaction. One of the most commonly used amino protecting groups, the BOC group, is stable under basic conditions and is readily removed under acidic conditions. As such, N-Boc-hydroxylamine can be readily incorporated into orthogonal protection strategies for organic synthesis) Alternate Names: N-tert-butoxycarbonyl hydroxylamine, tert-butyl N-hydroxycarbamate. Form Supplied in: colorless or beige crystalline solid. Preparative Method: N-Boc-hydroxylamine is commercially available. However, it is easily prepared by stirring a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (commercially available) and either sodium or potassium carbonate in diethyl ether and water for 1 h.2 Subsequent dropwise addition of tert-butyl dicarbonate (commercially available) in diethyl ether at 0 °C is then followed by stirring at room temperature for 4–16 h. Upon completion, the reaction can be filtered and evaporated to dryness, which is then followed by crystallization in cyclohexane or cyclohexane/toluene to provide the desired product as a crystalline solid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: appropriate exhaust ventilation is required in areas where dust can be formed. The container must be kept tightly closed in a well-ventilated area, with recommended storage temperature between 2 and 8 °C.
Phase I study of cladribine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (CLAG regimen) and midostaurin and all-trans retinoic acid in relapsed/refractory AML

We conducted a phase I study using midostaurin (25 or 50 mg orally twice daily), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and CLAG chemotherapy to target multiple pathways in relapsed/refractory AML. 10 patients received the combination and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Two patients (22 %) achieved complete remission and 1 patient (11 %) achieved complete remission with incomplete count recovery. Pharmacokinetic data showed that the 25 mg dosing of midostaurin achieved therapeutic levels with no significant interaction between midostaurin and ATRA. With evidence of activity of ATRA in NPM1-mutated AML and midostaurin in FLT3-ITD AML, this combination warrants further investigation.
Towards Active-Passive Co-synthesis of Multi-gigaHertz Radio Frequency Circuits

This paper proposes a methodology and framework for rapid active-passive co-synthesis of radio frequency circuits. The presented approach leverages advances in accelerated three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation technology to construct Maxwell-accurate parametric macromodels of on-chip passives, in particular spiral inductors. These macromodels can be used in the context of SPICE-level synthesis, thereby enabling concurrent sizing of passive and active components of radio frequency circuits. Moreover, macromodels obviate the need for topology exploration and parametric RLC model generation via optimization for on-chip passives. The co-synthesis framework is enabled by nonlinear, hyper-dimensional regression for macromodel generation and a simulated annealing based optimization scheme. As examples, and to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, two standard low-noise amplifier topologies are synthesized with tight performance constraints by co-optimization of circuit parameters and inductor geometries.
Harmonic distortion analysis via perturbation methods

The most commonly-used analytical tool for predicting distortion is Volterra series. Analog circuits that yield to Volterra series analysis can also be analyzed with perturbation theory. In fact, perturbation methods can even be used to study certain distortion phenomena that are inscrutable with Volterra series analysis. This paper describes some elementary results that come from applying perturbation methods to simple first-order circuits.
Negotiating cultural values and expectations within the public child welfare system: A look at familismo and personalismo

This paper examines, from the perspective of parents and child welfare workers, how cultural values and expectations are integrated and negotiated in public child welfare cases. The study focuses on the experiences and interactions of Mexican families with the public child welfare system in Southern California. Grounded theory is used to complete the content analysis. Findings indicate that workers' efforts to provide culturally congruent services are limited by organizational structural factors. Consistent with the value of personalismo, parents stress the importance of a good relationship with their worker and the implications to their case. Specific recommendations to enhance service delivery include (1) developing services models that are informed by families served; (2) developing/providing ongoing training and evaluation to ascertain if services are in fact culturally competent; and (3) promoting a change in child welfare policy that reflects the diverse needs of families.
An epidemic without illness

Abstract PURPOSE: Combining molecular biology with infection control interventions can increase compliance and allow objective measurement of effectiveness. We developed a group of PCR detectable non-infectious DNA markers that can be used to model infection and provide immediate feedback on hygiene practices in institutional settings. In previous studies, we illustrated that the markers were spread in the environment in the same manner as infectious particles. METHODS: We are conducting a prospective study in 10 child care centers in order to 1) confirm that the DNA markers are valid surrogates for bacteria and viruses; 2) identify specific foci of contamination and modes of transmission; 3) illustrate the effectiveness of infection control programs utilizing the DNA markers. Centers are randomized to receive an interactive educational infection control intervention or a standard immunization intervention. The DNA markers are introduced into the center and the rate of dispersion of the DNA markers is compared with directly observed changes in hygiene behavior among the staff. RESULTS: Initial results indicate that the markers can be removed mechanically by hand washing and that common over-the-counter cleaners are effective in inactivating the markers. Toys, countertops and doorknobs appear to be more important as infectious reservoirs than brief casual contact. Data from the prospective study will be available prior to September, 2000. CONCLUSIONS: This novel approach utilizing an objective measurement will be used to identify the interaction between behavior and environmental reservoirs of infection and drive future strategies for infection control.
Testing SQL Server Integration Services Runtime Engine Using Model and Mock Objects

Software testing is complex and costly. It has become increasingly difficult to assess the quality of software and evaluate its correctness due to the ever increasing complexity of the software implementations as well as their dynamic nature in terms of the requirements changes and functionality updates. It is practically not possible to test a software system for all possible combinations of inputs, interactions between modules and usage environmental conditions. Several approaches have been identified to maximize results of testing with limited investments. Model based testing and using mock objects are promising techniques for carrying out behavioral testing and are rapidly gaining popularity among the software testing community. In this paper, we present our approach in testing SQL Server Integration Services runtime engine using model based test methodology to dynamically generate test cases and mock objects to control and observe the test system behavior.
Osteoprotegerin Prevents and Reverses Hypercalcemia in a Murine Model of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a novel, secreted tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that inhibits osteoclast formation and activity was examined for its activity in a syngeneic tumor model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Normal mice bearing Colon-26 tumors develop increases in both parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression and plasma PTHrP, marked hypercalcemia, and increased bone resorption. OPG, given either at the onset of hypercalcemia or after it had occurred, blocked tumor-induced increases in bone resorption and hypercalcemia and rapidly normalized blood ionized calcium. In tumor-bearing mice, OPG treatments reduced osteoclast activity from approximately 2-fold above normal into the subphysiological range but had no effects on tumor size, tumor-induced cachexia, or PTHrP levels. The potent effects of OPG in this humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy model suggest a potential therapeutic role for OPG in the prevention and treatment of this disorder.
Patent Law, HIPPO, and the Biodiversity Crisis

Planet earth is host to a dazzling variety of living organisms. This diversity of life, or – biodiversity, is vital to the survival and prosperity of humanity, supplying such vital amenities as food, clothing, shelter, natural biochemicals useful in medicine, industry, and agriculture, and even irreplaceable ecosystem services, such as clean air and water. Despite the prodigious amount of biodiversity on earth, human activities have been depleting it at an accelerating rate that has now reached the level of a mass extinction event. The five greatest threats to biodiversity can be summarized by the – HIPPO acronym: (1) Habitat loss, (2) Invasives, (3) Pollution, (4) Population, and (5) Overexploitation. Together, these five factors describe the phenomena largely responsible for the current mass extinction event, and patent law offers valuable assistance in combating each one. Though it cannot offer a complete solution to the biodiversity crisis, the patent system can offer powerful tools to help save biodiversity. On first inspection, patent law might appear an unlikely ally for conserving biodiversity for at least two reasons. First, beyond bioprospecting, patents would seem only tangentially relevant to biodiversity loss. Second, as a tool for promoting economic growth, the patent system might be viewed as contributing to biodiversity loss by those who assume that economic growth and environmental protection are mutually antithetical. However, patents can indeed benefit biodiversity. This article illustrates how patents can combat each of the major threats to biodiversity that constitute the HIPPO acronym. By creating an extinction bar to patentability, patents create incentives for bioprospectors, biopharmaceutical firms, and countries that host abundant biodiversity to prevent habitat destruction. Sovereign immunity provides the federal and state governments with the right to make use of patented inventions useful for countering invasives. Existing compulsory licensing schemes provide models for how patented pollution abatement technologies could be widely disseminated to combat pollution. The incentives created by the patent system can help to create more efficient new technologies capable of counteracting the damage inflicted on biodiversity by human population growth. Finally, the patent system has already proved itself adept at spurring the creation of ingenious inventions capable of alleviating overexploitation of biodiversity. Though far from a panacea, the patent system does have important roles to play in ameliorating the biodiversity crisis.
Absolute Velocity of North America during the Mesozoic from Paleomagnetic Data

We use paleomagnetic data to map Mesozoic absolute motion of North America, using paleomagnetic Euler poles (PEP). First, we address two important questions: (1) How much clockwise rotation has been experienced by crustal blocks within and adjacent to the Colorado Plateau? (2) Why is there disagreement between the apparent polar wander (APW) path constructed using poles from southwestern North America and the alternative path based on poles from eastern North America? Regarding (1), a 10.5j clockwise rotation of the Colorado Plateau about a pole located near 35jN, 102jW seems to fit the evidence best. Regarding (2), it appears that some rock units from the Appalachian region retain a hard overprint acquired during the midCretaceous, when the geomagnetic field had constant normal polarity and APW was negligible. We found three well-defined small-circle APW tracks: 245–200 Ma (PEP at 39.2jN, 245.2jE, R=81.1j, root mean square error (RMS)=1.82j), 200–160 Ma (38.5jN, 270.1jE, R=80.4j, RMS=1.06j), 160 to f125 Ma (45.1jN, 48.5jE, R=60.7j, RMS=1.84j). Intersections of these tracks (the ‘‘cusps’’ of Gordon et al. [Tectonics 3 (1984) 499]) are located at 59.6jN, 69.5jE (the 200 Ma or ‘‘J1’’ cusp) and 48.9jN, 144.0jE (the 160 Ma or ‘‘J2’’ cusp). At these times, the absolute velocity of North America appears to have changed abruptly. North America absolute motion also changed abruptly at the beginning and end of the Cretaceous APW stillstand, currently dated at about 125 and 88 Ma (J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1992b) 19651). During this interval, the APW path degenerates into a single point, implying rotation about an Euler pole coincident with the spin axis. Using our PEP and cusp locations, we calculate the absolute motion of seven points on the North American continent. Our intention is to provide a chronological framework for the analysis of Mesozoic tectonics. Clearly, if APW is caused by plate motion, abrupt changes in absolute motion should correlate with major tectonic events. This follows because large accelerations reflect important changes in the balance of forces acting on the plate, the most important of which are edge effects (subduction, terrane accretion, etc.). Some tectonic interpretations: (1) The J1 cusp may be associated with the inception of rifting of North America away from land masses to the east; the J2 cusp seems to mark the beginning of rapid spreading in the North Atlantic. (2) The J2 cusp signals the beginning of a period of rapid northwestward absolute motion of western North America; motion of tectonostratigraphic terranes in the westernmost Cordillera seems likely to have been directed toward the south during this interval. (3) The interval f88 to f80 Ma saw a rapid decrease in the paleolatitude of North America; unless this represents a period of true polar wander, terrane motion during this time should have been relatively northward. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Endovascular Management of Aortic Arch Vessel Occlusion Successful Revascularization of Innominate and Left Subclavian Arteries

A 56-year-old female presented with pain in her bilateral upper extremities. Angiogram demonstrated occlusion of her left subclavian and innominate arteries (IAs). The patient’s left subclavian occ...
“On the Battleground:”Al-Nābulusī’s Encounters With A Poem By Ibn al-Fāriḍ

'Abd al-Ghanī Ismā'īl al-Nābulusī was well-versed in the poetry of Ibn al-Fārid, having composed a commentary on the latter's entire Dīwān. But in addition to reading and writing on Ibn al-Fārid's verse, al-Nābulusī also heard it chanted during religious ceremonies. Reader-Response Theory predicts that a person's reactions to a poem will vary depending on contexts. This essay considers al-Nābulusī's responses to two encounters with Ibn al-Fārid's al-Jīmīyah, first when al-Nābulusī heard it chanted at the poet's shrine outside of Cairo, and then nearly twenty years later in Damascus when he wrote his mystical commentary on the poem.
Manila to Malaysia, Quezon to Qatar: International Migration and Its Effects on Origin-Country Human Capital

I estimate the effect of international migration on the human capital of children in the migrants' origin country. Using administrative data containing all migrant departures from the Philippines, I exploit variation across provinces in destination-country demand for migrants. My estimates are at the local labor market level, allowing for spillovers to nonmigrant households. An average year-to-year percent increase in migration causes a 3.5 percent increase in secondary school enrollment. The effects are likely driven by increased income rather than an increased expected wage premium for education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Not Just Academic: How Sociologists and Anthropologists Promoted Inclusion in the Community for Individuals with Disabilities

"Until the 1970s, the practice of placing people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in large and isolated settings was regarded as both humane and legally correct. Then, some community-based voluntary associations sought legal redress for patterns of abuse, neglect and deprivation in such facilities. A noted challenge to keeping individuals with IDD in state schools is found in Halderman v. Pennhurst State School & Hospital, 446 F.Supp. 1295 (E.D. Pa., 1977). This litigation encouraged the development of new community options and the close of facilities in a number of states."
Selenoprotein expression in macrophages is critical for optimal clearance of parasitic helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

The plasticity of macrophages is evident in helminthic parasite infections, providing protection from inflammation. Previously we demonstrated that the micronutrient selenium induces a phenotypic switch in macrophage activation from a classically activated (pro-inflammatory; M1/CAM) toward an alternatively activated (anti-inflammatory; M2/AAM) phenotype, where cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent cyclopentenone prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) plays a key role. Here, we hypothesize that dietary selenium modulates macrophage polarization toward an AAM phenotype to assist in the increasing clearance of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a gastrointestinal nematode parasite. Mice on a selenium-adequate (0.08 ppm) diet significantly augmented intestinal AAM presence while decreasing adult worms and fecal egg production when compared with infection of mice on selenium-deficient (<0.01 ppm) diet. Further increase in dietary selenium to supraphysiological levels (0.4 ppm) had very little or no impact on worm expulsion. Normal adult worm clearance and enhanced AAM marker expression were observed in the selenium-supplemented Trsp(fl/fl)Cre(WT) mice that express selenoproteins driven by tRNA(Sec) (Trsp), whereas N. brasiliensis-infected Trsp(fl/fl)Cre(LysM) selenium-supplemented mice showed a decreased clearance, with lowered intestinal expression of several AAM markers. Inhibition of the COX pathway with indomethacin resulted in delayed worm expulsion in selenium-adequate mice. This was rescued with 15d-PGJ2, which partially recapitulated the effect of selenium supplementation on fecal egg output in addition to increasing markers of AAMs in the small intestine. Antagonism of PPARγ blocked the effect of selenium. These results suggest that optimal expression of selenoproteins and selenium-dependent production of COX-derived endogenous prostanoids, such as Δ(12)-PGJ2 and 15d-PGJ2, may regulate AAM activation to enhance anti-helminthic parasite responses.
Wounds, burns, trauma, and injury

Abstract The purpose of this review paper is to discuss many areas related to wounds, photobiomodulation, reactive oxygen species, biofilms, neutrophils in wounds, other cells and growth factors in wounds, T cells in wounds, additional role of stem cell in wounds, mast cells in wounds, trauma and injury, surgical management, burns, trauma and injury, cytokines and trauma.
Effect of small amounts of aureomycin and terramycin on virus of feline pneumonitis.

Discussion and conclusionsThe purpose of these experiments was to find out whether the phenomenon of acquired resistance could be demonstrated in the case of a filterable virus to the newer antibiotics. The virus of feline pneumonitis was employed, and the two antibiotics were terramycin and aureomycin. These two were used in subcurative dosages in mice following intranasal inoculation in one series of experiments, and aureomycin was studied in 12 experiments in varying dosages in embryonated eggs. In order to enhance the likelihood of the emergence of a resistant mutant, large inocula of virus were employed. Under the conditions of our experiments no evidence whatsoever of resistance could be demonstrated, but an interesting phenomenon was observed. In both the mouse series and the egg series virus seemed to persist through several passages in the presence of antibiotic in diminished amounts. Then, with no increase in the dosage of antibiotic, it died out. The significance of this finding is obscure. Tha...
Analysis and Characterization of Optical Nonlinearities Induced in Strained Silicon

We carry out a theoretical analysis of strained silicon's nonlinear optical properties, and present experimental validations of our predictions. Additionally, we discuss strained silicon's applicability to electro-optic modulators and wave-mixers.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a case of essential thrombocythemia.

Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative disorder that infrequently evolves into acute leukemia. Leukemic transformation is frequently preceded by therapy with alkylating agents or radioactive phosphorus ( 32 P), and is virtually always myeloid in nature. In this report, the authors describe a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia arising in a patient with long-standing essential thrombocythemia.
Detecting Privilege Escalation Attacks through Instrumenting Web Application Source Code

Privilege Escalation is a common and serious type of security attack. Although experience shows that many applications are vulnerable to such attacks, attackers rarely succeed upon first trial. Their initial probing attempts often fail before a successful breach of access control is achieved. This paper presents an approach to automatically instrument application source code to report events of failed access attempts that may indicate privilege escalation attacks to a run time application protection mechanism. The focus of this paper is primarily on the problem of instrumenting web application source code to detect access control attack events. We evaluated false positives and negatives of our approach using two open source web applications.
Assays of Thymic Selection Fetal Thymus Organ Culture and In Vitro Thymocyte Dulling Assay

The in vitro methods of FTOC and DP dulling assay have been useful for defining the structural ligand requirements for positive selection of thymocytes. Both techniques, but especially the latter, have restrictions on their interpretation, which are outlined in the notes. The ability to study a cellular process in vitro has been, and will continue to be, of critical importance for immunologists. However, one should always be careful to confirm a hypothesis using in vivo techniques, whenever possible.
CD30+ primary cutaneous post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with signet-ring cell features

We report a case of primary cutaneous CD30+ post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with an uncommon finding of signet ring cell features in a heart transplant patient. The neoplastic cells were CD4 and CD30 positive, and negative for S-100, pancytokeratin, myeloperoxidase, and CD56. In situ hybridization for Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) was negative, even though the patient did have EBV viremia.
Making Expansive Decisions: An Activity-Theoretical Study of Practitioners Building Collaborative Medical Care for Children

Cultural-historical activity theory (Cole & Engestrom, 1993; Engestrom, Miettinen & Punamaki, 1999; Leont’ev, 1978) places decision making in the context of object-oriented, collective and artifact-mediated activity systems constantly undergoing developmental transformations. Decisions are not made alone, they are indirectly or directly influenced by other participants of the activity. Decisions are typically steps in a temporally distributed chain of interconnected events. Decisions are not purely technical, they have moral and ideological underpinnings with regard to responsibility and power. And the content of decisions is not restricted to the ostensible problem or task at hand; they always also shape the future of the broader activity system within which they are made.
Closing the Brief Case: Dyspnea in a Profoundly Immunocompromised Man.

1. Paecilomyces species may display various pigmentation; however, isolates never appear: Answer: c. The surface color of Paecilomyces species recovered in culture can be variable; however, the color is never blue-green, as seen with Penicillium species. 1. Paecilomyces species have
A noninterior continuation method for constrained optimal control problems

This paper presents an indirect method for the numerical solution of optimal control problems that may contain control variable inequality constraints (CVICs), and state variable inequality constraints (SVICs). An approximate solution to the problem is found by solving a sequence of boundary value problems (BVPs) involving differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Here, the complementarity conditions associated with the inequality constraints are approximated using Kanzow's smoothed Fischer-Burmeister formula. The paper shows that this approach leads to DAEs that have differentiation index 1. Moreover, this index-1 condition holds even in the case where higher-order SVICs are present. The efficacy of the algorithm is established by examining optimal control problems that contain CVICs and SVICs. The numerical evaluation includes a comparison of the proposed noninterior method and a Newton interior-point method for the solution of the index-1 BVP-DAEs.
The SBIRT program matrix: a conceptual framework for program implementation and evaluation.

Background and Aims Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a comprehensive, integrated, public health approach to the delivery of services to those at risk for the adverse consequences of alcohol and other drug use, and for those with probable substance use disorders. Research on successful SBIRT implementation has lagged behind studies of efficacy and effectiveness. This paper (1) outlines a conceptual framework, the SBIRT Program Matrix, to guide implementation research and program evaluation and (2) specifies potential implementation outcomes. Methods Overview and narrative description of the SBIRT Program Matrix. Results The SBIRT Program Matrix has five components, each of which includes multiple elements: SBIRT services; performance sites; provider attributes; patient/client populations; and management structure and activities. Implementation outcomes include program adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, costs, penetration, sustainability, service provision and grant compliance. Conclusions The Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Program Matrix provides a template for identifying, classifying and organizing the naturally occurring commonalities and variations within and across SBIRT programs, and for investigating which variables are associated with implementation success and, ultimately, with treatment outcomes and other impacts.
Behavioral mechanisms leading to improved fitness in a subsidized predator

General mechanisms underlying the distribution and fitness of synanthropic predators in human-influenced landscapes remain unclear. Under the consumer resource-matching hypothesis, synanthropes are expected to distribute themselves among habitats according to resource availability, such that densities are greater in human-subsidized habitats, but mean individual fitness is equal among habitats because of negative density dependence. However, “under-matching” to human food resources can occur, because dominant individuals exclude subordinates from subsidized habitats and realize relatively high fitness. We integrated physiological, behavioral, and demographic information to test resource-matching hypotheses in Steller’s jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), a synanthropic nest predator, to understand how behavior and social systems can influence how synanthropes respond to food subsidies. Jays consumed more human foods at subsidized (park campground) sites than jays at unsubsidized (interior forest) sites based on stable isotope analyses. Jays that occurred at higher densities were in better body condition (based on feather growth bars and lipid analyses), and had greater reproductive output at subsidized than unsubsidized sites. Jays with breeding territories in subsidized sites maintained relatively small home ranges that overlapped with multiple conspecifics, and exhibited a social system where dominant individuals typically won contests over food. Thus, jays appeared to be under-matched to prevalent resource subsidies despite high densities and behaviors expected to lead to resource matching. Our results also indicate that local resource subsidies within protected areas can result in source habitats for synanthropes, potentially impacting sensitive species over broader spatial scales.
A novel arterial travel time distribution estimation model and its application to energy/emissions estimation

Arterial travel time information is crucial to advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems. An effective way to represent this information is the estimation of tra...
Parallel Processing over Spatial-Temporal Datasets from Geo, Bio, Climate and Social Science Communities: A Research Roadmap

This vision paper reviews the current state-ofart and lays out emerging research challenges in parallel processing of spatial-temporal large datasets relevant to a variety of scientific communities. The spatio-temporal data, whether captured through remote sensors (global earth observations), ground and ocean sensors (e.g., soil moisture sensors, buoys), social media and hand-held, traffic-related sensors and cameras, medical imaging (e.g., MRI), or large scale simulations (e.g., climate) have always been “big.” A common thread among all these big collections of datasets is that they are spatial and temporal. Processing and analyzing these datasets requires high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures. Various agencies, scientific communities and increasingly the society at large rely on spatial data management, analysis, and spatial data mining to gain insights and produce actionable plans. Therefore, an ecosystem of integrated and reliable software infrastructure is required for spatialtemporal big data management and analysis that will serve as crucial tools for solving a wide set of research problems from different scientific and engineering areas and to empower users with next-generation tools. This vision requires a multidisciplinary effort to significantly advance domain research and have a broad impact on the society. The areas of research discussed in this paper include (i) spatial data mining, (ii) data analytics over remote sensing data, (iii) processing medical images, (iv) spatial econometrics analyses, (v) Map-Reducebased systems for spatial computation and visualization, (vi) CyberGIS systems, and (vii) foundational parallel algorithms and data structures for polygonal datasets, and why HPC infrastructures, including harnessing graphics accelerators, are needed for time-critical applications.
ICTs in an Ageing Society: an Overview of Emerging Research Streams

Because of the paramount demographic changes involving the western world, the so-called “Information Society” is going to be also an “Ageing Society”. Severe problems are emerging, involving for example the pension system, the healthcare system, or the labor market. Of course, ICTs and IS are called to action in this scenario. How are the researchers addressing the issue of the technological needs in an ageing world? To answer this question, a systematic Literature Survey was conducted, during which 419 papers and books were identified and analyzed in their disciplinary approaches and main outcomes. What came out is that whilst the issue of the technological needs of our ageing society is quite thoroughly investigated from other disciplinary fields, such as Medicine or Engineering or Human–Computer Interaction studies, it is quite overlooked by Organizational Studies. A new brief Research Agenda, identifying some possible new Research Questions about this topic for Information Systems/Organizational Studies researchers, is the outcome of this work.
The Impact of Bt Cotton in China

Genetically modified (GM) plants are the center of an increasingly rancorous debate about the value of agricultural biotechnology. The champions of agricultural biotechnology see it as a tool to help solve problems related to hunger and excessive pesticide use (BIO 2001). The critics of biotechnology, such as Altieri and Rosset (2000), say that plant biotechnology is not needed, will impoverish small farmers, will fatten the profits of life science companies, will increase pesticide use, reduce biodiversity and create “superpests.”
Perceptions of climate engineering in the South Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa, and North American Arctic

Nearly all research on public perceptions of climate engineering has been conducted in wealthy, developed countries. However, understanding perspectives from vulnerable populations is critical to inclusive, democratic debate on both research and governance. This study utilized in-depth interviews to explore the perspectives of vulnerable populations in the South Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the North American Arctic. Interviewees in this study were desperate for solutions to climate change and therefore willing to consider climate engineering. However, their willingness to consider climate engineering could be characterized as both deeply reluctant and highly conditional. Interviewees expressed a number of concerns about potential social and political implications of engineering the climate. They also described conditions that may need to be met to ensure that future climates (engineered or otherwise) are more equitable.
Stem Cell Transplantation for Light Chain Amyloidosis: Decreased Early Mortality Over Time

PurposeAutologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used in patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis for more than two decades. Early experience raised concerns regarding safety with high early-mortality rates.Patients and MethodsWe report 20 years of experience with ASCT for AL amyloidosis at the Mayo Clinic Rochester. In all, 672 consecutive patients receiving ASCT for AL amyloidosis were divided into three cohorts on the basis of date of transplantation (cohort 1, 1996-2002 [n = 124]; cohort 2, 2003-2009 [n = 302]; and cohort 3, 2010-2016 [n = 246]).ResultsThe median age for the entire cohort was 59 years, with patients in cohort 3 being slightly older than those in the other two cohorts (60 v 58 v 54 years for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). Fewer patients in cohort 3 had more than two organs involved (9% v 18% v 19% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). More patients received pretransplantation therapy in cohort 3 compared with earlier time periods (...