cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Malignant melanoma of the skin in New Mexico 1969-1977

We assessed the occurrence of malignant melanoma of the skin in New Mexico from 1969–1977. Incidence data, collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry, were supplemented with mortality data supplied by the State Bureau of Vital Statistics. These data were analyzed for variation by site, sex, and ethnic group. Malignant melanoma occurrence varied with ethnicity. Incidence rates for non-Hispanic whites (Anglos) exceeded comparison US rates, and were approximately six times higher than for other ethnic groups. Annual incidence rates for Hispanics, American Indians, and blacks of both sexes ranged from 0.0–1.8 cases per 100,000. As anticipated from other studies, the lower extremities were the most common site in Anglo women, and the trunk was the most common site in Anglo men. In contrast, the trunk was the most common site for both Hispanic men and women. A statistically significant trend of increasing incidence was demonstrated only for the Anglo women. Mortality rates varied widely during the study period and did not correlated with incidence rates.
Wafer-scale nanopatterning and translation into high-performance piezoelectric nanowires.

The development of a facile method for fabricating one-dimensional, precisely positioned nanostructures over large areas offers exciting opportunities in fundamental research and innovative applications. Large-scale nanofabrication methods have been restricted in accessibility due to their complexity and cost. Likewise, bottom-up synthesis of nanowires has been limited in methods to assemble these structures at precisely defined locations. Nanomaterials such as PbZr_xTi_(1−x)O_3 (PZT) nanowires (NWs)—which may be useful for nonvolatile memory storage (FeRAM), nanoactuation, and nanoscale power generation—are difficult to synthesize without suffering from polycrystallinity or poor stoichiometric control. Here, we report a novel fabrication method which requires only low-resolution photolithography and electrochemical etching to generate ultrasmooth NWs over wafer scales. These nanostructures are subsequently used as patterning templates to generate PZT nanowires with the highest reported piezoelectric performance (d_(eff) ~ 145 pm/V). The combined large-scale nanopatterning with hierarchical assembly of functional nanomaterials could yield breakthroughs in areas ranging from nanodevice arrays to nanodevice powering.
The Economic Burden of End-of-Life Illness

The economic domain is not often a priority topic for clinicians; however, economic issues permeate the health care experience of clinicians, patients, and their families and caregivers. These issues are especially important to patients at the end of life and to those families on the lower end of the socioeconomic spectrum, but the lessons learned in providing high-quality care and support are applicable to all patient populations. This chapter focuses on how economic burdens may contribute to the suffering of the patient and relevant third parties, and how these burdens are expressed in various domains of the human experience. We first examine what constitutes the economic domain with respect to end-of-life illness and care. Following that, we review the empirical evidence about the economic impact of illness, with special attention given to dementia and cancer. Finally, we provide brief, practical guidance for dealing with the economic issues that may arise in treatment of patients.
A simple rapid assay of estrogens in pregnancy

Abstract A rapid method for determining the estrogen content in pregnancy urine is presented. The estrogen is extracted from 2.0 ml. of a 24 hour specimen by lowering the pH of the urine saturating with sodium chloride, and extracting with ethyl acetate. The method is compared with a modified Brown technique, to determine total estrogen. The assay employed is a modified Ittrich procedure. The method is simple and does not require the use of any special equipment. Since one technician can complete 30 determinations in an 8 hour day, or 1 to 4 determinations in less than 2 hours, the technique is suited for the rapid determination of estrogen in pregnancy urine. The method is not affected by the presence of glucose or protein.
All Employment Is Local: Examining the Impact of the American Recovery and Revitalization Act (ARRA) on Two Missouri Counties (as Well as an Analysis of Missouri Tax Credit Programs)

Employment is explored in the aftermath of the most recent “Great Recession” — the lingering effects are still being felt. Employment growth largely depends on what happens locally. This article examines the American Recovery and Revitalization Act (ARRA) often thought of as the Economic Stimulus Plan of the Obama Administration and its impact on two adjacent Missouri counties (Ste. Genevieve and Perry). County particulars are examined which impact how to understand employment in both counties. Furthermore, the issue of jobs created versus jobs retained is examined, as well as the difficulties of measuring the multiplier effect. Finally, Missouri tax credit programs are explored, again demonstrating the difficulties of measuring the multiplier effect as well as the cost effectiveness of these state government programs. Census data from the “County Business Patterns” are used to analyze local employment situations. Small Business issues related to local situations are addressed since they are essential to “jump starting” local economies.
Knowledge and Information Flows in a Hybrid Learning Space: the students’ perceptions

How much information and/or knowledge flows among the members of a collaborative learning group and between them and the external information/knowledge sources? Which stages of the collaborative process have the highest knowledge and information flows, respectively? These are the questions which the experiment described in this paper seeks to answer. The experiment involved 66 students from the University of Turin. After attending a couple of lessons on online communities of professionals and doing some basic reading, they were asked to develop, in small sub-groups, an artefact (using a wiki) to summarise what had been learnt. The students were also asked to make a quantitative and qualitative estimate of the information and knowledge flows which took place in the three different phases of studying, structuring and collaboratively developing the artefact. The stages with the highest knowledge flow index were found to be the study and structuring stages, while information flows were mainly in the actual writing of the artefact.
Supersonic Shear Flow Past an Airfoil Between Two Parallel Walls

The supersonic flow with assigned Mach number gradient in the span direction past a straight wing between two parallel walls is studied using the small-disturbance theory. The governing equation for the disturbance pressure on the airfoil, together with the boundary conditions on the airfoil and at the walls, is solved by the method of separation of variables. Upon separation the problem is reduced to a Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem and to the solution of the telegraph equation. As an application, a certain Mach number profile is selected and the resulting pressure distribution on a parabolic arc airfoil is computed.
The News Hour: Welfare Estimation in the Market for Local TV News

We estimate the welfare consequences of local news broadcasting decisions in advertiser-funded television, a question that has played a central role in US regulation of media markets. We treat station broadcasting decisions as the outcome of a discrete game in which stations choose programming to maximize advertising revenue, which depends upon viewership. Using program-level data on television viewing and advertising prices during the 5-8 p.m. evening news hours, we find that local news is substantially under-provided relative to the viewer optimum. Counterfactual simulations suggest that welfare loss arises in part from the higher value advertisers place on entertainment viewers in a two-sided market framework. However in many markets additional local news broadcasting would increase joint station revenues as well as viewing, indicating that classic business stealing also plays a role in welfare outcomes.
Advances in real-time non-contact monitoring of medical thermal treatment through multistatic array microwave imaging

In this paper, we present some recent advances in real-time non-contact monitoring of thermal treatment through multistatic array imaging. The work presented was primarily motivated by the need to improve the flexibility and computational efficiency of the forward modeling of microwave imaging systems in general and of our real-time microwave thermal monitoring system in particular. Specifically, we have developed a conformal finite-difference time domain (CFDTD) solver that addresses several limitations inherent to our previously reported forward modeling methods. In particular, this CFDTD solver has enabled the implementation of a fully integrated numerical vector Green's function that addresses the task of linking the object's scattered field to the measured scattered voltage in a more general and flexible way than the waveport vector Green's function method used in our earlier work. Both the CFDTD solver and the integrated numerical Green's function are validated for a prototype microwave imaging cavity through comparison with CST Microwave Studio. These validated methods are currently being used in an ongoing experimental characterization of microwave imaging for both dielectric reconstruction and real-time thermal monitoring.
A Multilevel Approach to Knowledge Management: Examining Contextual and Emergent Processes

Although interest in knowledge management has grown dramatically in recent years a general multilevel theory of knowledge management has remained elusive. Adopting the knowledge-in-practice perspective, we take a fine grained look at multi-level issues in knowledge management. We describe both compilation and composition forms of emergence and contextual phenomena to examine knowledge across organizational levels.
Best Practices in Law Enforcement Crisis Interventions with the Mentally Ill

This chapter describes the BPM for teaching police to recognize and avoid arresting the mentally ill and getting them the appropriate mental health services.
Abstract IA07: The effect of cell of origin on GBM phenotype

Current thinking about solid tumor biology is largely influenced by analysis of the large data sets afforded by modern genomic capabilities. In GBM, classification of tumors into four categories (proneural, neural, mesenchymal, and classic) relies on differential transcriptional profiles coupled with copy numbers, and mutational profiles. These approaches for example, imply EGFR receptor as a major driver of Classic sub-type whereas NF1 mutations are preferentially found in mesenchymal subtypes. Functional evidence that these molecular categories indeed reflect biologically different tumors remains to be proved. We have generated mouse models of GBM by driving loss of function of in the NF1, p53 and Pten tumor suppressors. We find that two phenotypically and biologically different GBMs emerge that reflect tumor initiation different adult CNS progenitor populations. Thus, in a mouse model, distinct progenitor cell populations dictate different tumors created by mutation in identical drivers. Citation Format: Luis F. Parada. The effect of cell of origin on GBM phenotype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Developmental Biology and Cancer; Nov 30-Dec 3, 2015; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(4_Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Good Teaching and Educational Vision: Not the Same Thing as Disciplinary Expertise

It was 8:00 A.M. on a bright Monday morning in the fall of 1967 and I was actually awake, but it felt unnatural and weird. (My grad-student body was incredulous that 8:00 A.M. could be considered a reasonable time for human beings to be up and working.) I was standing in front of a class of first-year students at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where I had been hired—on a tenure track appointment, no less—to teach writing. As I watched the students file in, I was possessed by a growing insight, ironic but not comic, that none of the highly intellectualized activities I had been performing for the past few years at the University of Chicago were relevant to this job or these students. None of my academic circus tricks seemed relevant. It crossed my mind that I might be acting out the punch line of a really unfunny joke perpetrated by University of Chicago professors to hide from graduate students the fact that, eventually, we would all wind up standing in front of classrooms of real-world students instead of sitting in library carrels at good old Research U, where we would continue nibbling away at reclusive research topics just as we had nibbled away at them in graduate school.
Klaus R. Scherpe, Gattungspoetik im 18. Jahrhundert, Historische Entwicklung von Gottsched bis Herder. Studien zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft, Vol. II: Stuttgart: Metzler, 1968. Pp. 300

(1970). Klaus R. Scherpe, Gattungspoetik im 18. Jahrhundert, Historische Entwicklung von Gottsched bis Herder. Studien zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft, Vol. II. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 143-150.
Abstract A14: Chemopreventive efficacy of bisphosphonates, Zometa and Fosamax, alone or in combination with metformin in AOM-induced rat colon cancer model

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health issue world-wide with an estimated 600,000 deaths annually and increasing case incidences. Clinical observational studies suggest that osteoporosis drugs (Zometa and Fosamax) and anti-diabetes drug (Metformin) are associated with risk reduction of several cancers, including CRC. In the present study, we assessed the chemopreventive properties of bisphosphonates, Zometa and Fosamax, individually as well as in combination with Metformin, against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancers. Rat (30 animals per group) colon cancers were induced by two weekly doses of AOM, by s.c. Four weeks after AOM treatment, rats were fed experimental diets containing Zometa or Fosamax (0, 20 or 100 ppm), 1,000 ppm metformin or their low dose combination (20 ppm) with Metformin (1,000ppm). All rats were euthanized 44 weeks after AOM treatment and assessed for colon tumor efficacy and various biomarkers in colonic tissues. Long-term chronic administration of Zometa, Fosamax, metformin or combinations does not show any overt-toxicities in rats. Administration of Zometa significantly suppressed AOM-induced noninvasive adenocarcinomas multiplicity by 37% (p 0.05) effect on invasive adenocarcinoma multiplicity. Dietary Fosamax at 20 ppm and 100 ppm inhibited the noninvasive colon adenocarcinoma multiplicities by 43.8% (p 38%, p Citation Format: Venkateshwar Madka, Yuting Zhang, Misty Brewer, Li Qian, Altaf Mohammed, Stan Lightfoot, Vernon E. Steele, Levy Kopelovich, Chinthalapally V. Rao. Chemopreventive efficacy of bisphosphonates, Zometa and Fosamax, alone or in combination with metformin in AOM-induced rat colon cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr A14.
Epilepsy in Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis

The clinical characteristics of epilepsy and optimal antiepileptic drug therapy were surveyed in 60 patients (mean age 16 years, range 5-33) with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), followed at the University of Helsinki, Finland.
Epigenetic modulation from epigallocatechin gallate, the major polyphenol found in green tea, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A93 The consumption of tea has been linked to a lower incidence of cancer for some time. Green tea, one of the world's most popular beverages, has recently been the focus of much research; however the mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects are unknown. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenol found in green tea and has been shown to alter the activity of DNA methyltransferases I, which is important in maintaining expression levels of methylation controlled genes. Telomerase is an important enzyme, adding telomeres to the ends of chromosomes allowing for cellular immortality. Its catalytic subunit (hTERT) is hypermethylated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells causing increased expression. In this study we have shown that EGCG causes de-methylation of the hTERT promoter leading to a decrease in expression and eventual apoptosis. In addition to the changes in methylation we have shown a decrease in histone acetylation which also leads to the gene's down-regulation. These data indicate that EGCG may work through an epigenetic mechanism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results may help lead to an elucidation of the anti-cancer effects of polyphenols and facilitate their use in chemoprevention and therapeutics.
Transfer of Montelukast into Human Milk During Lactation.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to determine levels of montelukast in human milk and to develop a simple, sensitive analytical method using mass spectrometry. Methods: Milk samples were collected from seven breastfeeding mothers, age 26–35 years, at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after oral ingestion of 10 mg montelukast. The samples were analyzed using a new Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry method. Area under the milk concentration time curve from zero to the time of the last sample (12 hours) was estimated by the linear trapezoidal rule. Results: Average montelukast levels (Cavg) in milk were 5.3 ng/mL, and the relative infant dose was 0.68% of the maternal dose. The maximum concentration (Cmax) observed at 4 hours (Tmax) was 9.7 ng/mL. Conclusion: The exposure to the infant seems to be very low, far below therapeutic ranges in an infant. Our data suggest that montelukast is probably safe to use in a breastfeeding mother.
Complement Deposition Is Predictive of a Low Absolute Immature Platelet Fraction in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Abstract The role of platelet-associated complement in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is not well understood. Although various humoral and cell mediated mechanisms have accounted for the decrease in platelet count, the role of the complement system has not been well defined. To test this, we examined complement fixation on platelets using plasma of 100 ITP patients and 50 healthy volunteers. In situ complement fixation was measured as C1q deposition on heterologous platelets using an ELISA approach. Deposition of C1q was evaluated using specific primary monoclonal antibodies (Quidel, San Diego, CA), and an alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat anti mouse secondary antibody and p-NPP substrate to quantify primary antibody binding. Substrate conversion was measured at 405 nm and was proportional to antigen deposition (complement component) on the platelet surface. Controls for specificity included wells coated with blocking solution only, and platelets exposed to buffer instead of plasma. Results for patient samples were normalized relative to an internal assay control (pooled normal plasma) and expressed as a ratio of C1q deposition. Ratios equal to or greater than 1.9 were considered positive for complement fixation. No significant relationship was observed for complement fixation when samples were stratified by gender, splenectomy status, prior treatment or total platelet count. However, a significant relationship between Absolute Immature Platelet Fraction (A-IPF) (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) and C1q deposition was observed. The data suggest that a positive complement fixation test defined by C1q deposition is predictive of a low A-IPF (
Modified Hierarchy Structure of Rough-Wall Flows

Analysis of the mean differential force balance reveals that the characteristic properties of wall-bounded turbulent flows (e.g., the logarithmic mean profile and distance-from-the-wallscaling) arise owing to the existence of an internal layer hierarchy. Mathematically, this hierarchical structure is formally admitted by the appropriately simplified Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation. Physically, its existence accounts for the dynamics undergoing a continuous self-similar (approximately) variation in scale over the range ν ∕ u τ≤ l≤ δ. These findings lead to the hypothesis that surface roughness modifies this mean dynamical structure through the imposition of new length scales. The present study explores aspects of this hypothesis.
Statement of Commissioner Gail Heriot in the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights' Report, 'Assessing the Impact of Criminal Background Checks and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Conviction Records Policy'

In December of 2013, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights published a report entitled, "Assessing the Impact of Criminal Background Checks and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's Conviction Records Policy.” This Statement by Commissioner Gail Heriot (who is also a professor of law at the University of San Diego) was part of that report. The statement critiques the EEOC's policy from a variety of standpoints.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Interventions to Improve Functional Recovery After Hospitalization in Older Adults: Feasibility and Adherence.

Background Hospitalization is a major risk factor for functional decline, disability, loss of independence, and mortality in older adults. Evidence-based interventions to improve functional recovery from hospitalization are difficult to evaluate and implement in geriatric patients. The goal of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of recruiting geriatric inpatients and implementing pragmatic interventions to improve physical function following hospitalization. Methods Enrolled subjects were randomized to one of five 30-day posthospitalization interventions: isocaloric placebo (P), whey protein supplement (W), in-home rehabilitation+placebo (R+P), rehabilitation+whey protein (R+W), or testosterone (T). Data were collected from a single-site university hospital to determine: (i) institution-based feasibility (nonmodifiable factors including number of patients screened, eligible, contacted) and (ii) patient-based feasibility (modifiable factors including number of patients refusing, enrolled, randomized, intervention adherence, and withdrawal). Results From January 2014 to July 2016, 4,533 patients were chart screened; 594 (13.1%) were eligible to participate; 384 eligible subjects were contacted; 113 were enrolled; and 100 were randomized. Supplement adherence was 75% and was not different by age, education, level of independence, depression, supplement type, or dual intervention, but was significantly higher in subjects who completed the intervention (p < .01). Rehabilitation session adherence was 77% and did not vary significantly by age, education, level of independence, depression, or supplement type, but was significantly higher for sessions directly supervised (p < .01). Adherence was 100% in the testosterone arm with 94.7% of injections given within 24 hours of discharge. Conclusions Findings from this clinical trial indicate that posthospitalization interventions in geriatric patients are feasible at both the institution and patient level.
Plan the Analysis (Worksheet E)

In this chapter, we review and ensure that all steps in the pre-planning work are complete. Worksheets A-D and statement alignment are critical to ensure that the proposed intervention effectiveness research, quality improvement activity, or program evaluation project plan is rigorous and reflects what is known about the problem and intervention, and how these can be operationalized to understand care quality and related outcomes. Based on these worksheets, the study design is articulated, and the analysis plan may be completed using Worksheet E.
Compositionally graded magnetic-nonmagnetic bimetallic structure using laser engineered net shaping

Abstract Fabrication of compositionally-graded magnetic-nonmagnetic bimetallic structures was successfully completed using a laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) system. A graded magnetic functionality was implemented by directly transitioning from non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel 316 (SS316) to magnetic ferritic stainless steel 430 (SS430) in a single structure. LENS™ additive manufacturing utilizes a high-powered laser to continuously melt and bond metallic powder in successive layers to create the 3D structure. Microstructures revealed a preferred grain growth direction at the interfaces of the deposited layers. Micro-hardness values across the part’s cross-section exhibited a smooth transition from the highest value of 266 ± 4 HV in the SS430 region to the lowest value at the SS316 substrate of 174 ± 3 HV. Magnetic functionality was observed on the SS430 side of the bimetallic structure, showing how LENS™ can additively combine materials of varying compositions for location-specific functionality.
Beam Efficiency and Gain Optimization of Antenna Arrays With Nonuniform Spacings

A distribution of current across the elements corresponding to the optimum condition is given as a solution of the characteristic equation Ba = λCa where B and C are matrices whose elements depend on the type of sources and their spacings. The value “a” is a column matrix whose elements define the array excitation. The beam efficiency or gain of a nonunifonnly spaced array is increased over that of a uniformly spaced array. To find the element positions, one first finds the direction, known as the direction of steepest descent, of maximum change in the largest characteristic value; the direction is given as grad λ, where the partial derivatives are taken with respect to the element positions. By proceeding in the direction of steepest descent, one will arrive at the point located in the element position space that represents the optimum spacings. Perturbation methods are also used to show how the beam efficiency or gain is increased by nonunifonnly spacing the elements.
Multiple Group Comparison with Panel Data

After building the general structural equation model, the stability of the model will be tested over time. This chapter introduces panel analysis of repeated measures, or longitudinal data. A panel design is a longitudinal study of the same individuals over time. This design is very useful for comparing a number of treatment and control groups, regardless of whether individuals have been assigned randomly to the groups or not. Causal relationships among the study variables may be more appropriately detected in a panel design than in a cross-sectional design. Working with the same observations (i.e. organizations), the effects of many exogenous variables in the analysis can be statistically controlled. Thus, the structural relationships between the endogenous and the exogenous variables become more clearly delineated in a longitudinal study. The LISREL model can be used to analyze panel data with equality constraints applied (Table 29).
Investigation of sandwich composite failure under three-point bending: Simulation and experimental validation:

A sandwich structure consists of a two thin and strong facesheets, bonded to a thick lightweight core material. The mechanical response of a sandwich structure depends on the properties of its cons...
Widely Metastatic Choroid Plexus Carcinoma Associated with Novel TP53 Somatic Mutation

Background Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare, malignant tumor occurring more commonly in children than adults. This case report describes the clinical course of a 3-year-old boy with a rare case of metastatic CPC with a novel TP53 mutation. Case Description A 3-year-old boy presented with postconcussive symptoms after a fall. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the suprasellar cistern, left lateral ventricle, and cauda equina. The tumor was diagnosed as choroid plexus carcinoma with a novel TP53 V216M somatic mutation. The patient underwent resection of the left lateral ventricle lesion. Conclusion We describe a case of CPC with highly metastatic characteristics and a novel TP53 mutation. Our report implicates TP53 in the pathogenesis of pediatric CPC, and we emphasize that CPC in children should prompt careful consideration of TP53 status to inform prognosis and clinical treatment.
Frameworks for failure in L2 writing: What we can learn from “failures” of Chinese international students in the US

Abstract The Framework for success in postsecondary writing (2011) outlines 8 habits of mind that are assumed to be essential for success in college writing. However, as Gross and Alexander (2016) argue, in their critique of the Framework for success, while it is commendable to focus on ways to help students succeed, the focus on student success and the positive feelings associated with success draw attention away from considering that is not necessarily the students who are the problem but perhaps the institutional systems themselves. They thus propose a “frameworks for failure.” This article aims to develop Gross and Alexander’s (2016) work by imagining the “frameworks for failure” that are specific to L2 writing. This study analyzes 10 narratives of multilingual undergraduate students, specifically Chinese international students, who previously failed an ESL writing course at a large, public 4-year institution in the US. It additionally analyzes interviews with instructors and writing consultants with experience working with L2 students. The analysis reveals what I call a continuum of failure in L2 writing, which suggests that students’ failure results not only from a lack of these “habits of mind” but also from various systemic issues. Therefore, instead of merely finding ways to promote student “success,” as the Framework for success recommends, it is more urgent to reexamine some institutionalized assumptions about L2 writers in English-dominant contexts in tandem with how monolingual and monocultural instruction potentially caters toward a certain type of learner (domestic students with the “appropriate” habitus). The article concludes with recommendations to make productive use of students’ “failures.”
Microtubule dynamics regulation reconstituted in budding yeast lysates

Microtubules (MTs) are important for cellular structure, transport of cargoes and segregation of chromosomes and organelles during mitosis. The stochastic growth and shrinkage of MTs, known as dynamic instability, is necessary for these functions. Previous studies to determine how individual MT-associated proteins (MAPs) affect MT dynamics have been performed either through in vivo studies, which provide limited opportunity for observation of individual MTs or manipulation of conditions, or in vitro studies, which focus either on purified proteins, and therefore lack cellular complexity, or on cell extracts made from genetically intractable organisms. In order to investigate the ensemble activities of all MAPs on MT dynamics using lysates made from a genetically tractable organism, we developed a cell-free assay for budding yeast lysates using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Lysates were prepared from yeast strains expressing GFP-tubulin. MT polymerization from pre-assembled MT seeds adhered to a coverslip was observed in real time. Through use of cell division cycle (cdc) and MT depolymerase mutants, we found that MT polymerization and dynamic instability are dependent on the cell cycle state and the activities of specific MAPs.
Carbonates as evidence for groundwater discharge to the Nile River during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene

Abstract The African Humid Period (AHP, ~15–5 ka) is the latest in a series of Saharan pluvials studied using carbonates. Evidence from desert paleolakes indicate that water tables rose across the region caused by increased precipitation during these wet periods and that this higher groundwater discharged at the surface creating a wetter environment beyond what increased seasonal precipitation could support alone. Carbonate cemented material and sediments have been noted at key archaeological sites such as Khartoum Hospital, and al-Khiday and at site distributions along Wadi Howar. In the deserts west of the Nile, extensive surface discharge of groundwater is the accepted generator of paleolakes and contributed to wadi flow. In contrast, studies in the Nile Valley have focused on the river itself as the source for any moisture to explain documented effects of a higher water table. Carbonate morphology and oxygen isotope composition of carbonate samples are used to develop a conceptual model demonstrating their accumulation in areas near the Nile River as a result of a regional rise in groundwater driven by greater precipitation. Morphological evidence shows a variety of formative environments at key topographic locations, indicating water availability above modeled contemporary Nile River flood levels. New results presented here from oxygen isotopes show locations dominated by evaporative enrichment at higher elevations, a transition to stable isotopic conditions at lower elevations, and ultimately a return to more enriched values at the lowest elevations that would have undergone intermixing of discharging groundwater and floodwater from the Nile. For areas beyond the river's flood extent or an associated river-fed alluvial aquifer, the only perennial moisture source capable of maintaining an isotopic equilibrium in a monsoonal climate would be groundwater. Results coincide with isotopic patterns and values observed in carbonates from studied paleolakes in the desert. This model provides an explanation for the carbonate accumulation at archaeological sites — while offering greater understanding of contemporary water availability for vegetation, animals, and human populations — and whether the Nile River functioned as the dominant water source for cultural groups in the valley during the early to mid-Holocene, as it did for the later agricultural populations.
MAPEM-Net: an unrolled neural network for Fully 3D PET image reconstruction

PET image reconstruction is challenging due to the ill-poseness of the inverse problem and limited number of detected photons. Recently deep neural networks have been widely applied to medical imaging denoising applications. In this work, based on the MAPEM algorithm, we propose a novel unrolled neural network framework for 3D PET image reconstruction. In this framework, the convolutional neural network is combined with the MAPEM update steps so that data consistency can be enforced. Both simulation and clinical datasets were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Quantification results show that our proposed MAPEM-Net method can outperform the neural network and Gaussian denoising methods.
Correction of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease with the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid

Abstract Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is primarily caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene and is characterized by the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and lipids in the late endosomal (LE) and lysosomal (Ly) compartments. The most prevalent disease-linked mutation is the I1061T variant of NPC1, which exhibits defective folding and trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the LE/Ly compartments. We now show that the FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA) corrects the folding and trafficking defect associated with I1061T-NPC1 leading to restoration of cholesterol homeostasis, an effect that is largely driven by a reduction in HDAC7 expression. The VPA-mediated trafficking correction is in part associated with an increase in the acetylation of lysine residues in the cysteine-rich domain of NPC1. The HDACi-mediated correction is synergistically improved by combining it with the FDA-approved anti-malarial, chloroquine, a known lysosomotropic compound, which improved the stability of the LE/Ly-localized fraction of the I1061T variant. We posit that combining the activity of VPA, to modulate epigentically the cellular acetylome, with chloroquine, to alter the lysosomal environment to favor stability of the trafficked I1061T variant protein, can have a significant therapeutic benefit in patients carrying at least one copy of the I1061T variant of NPC1, the most common disease-associated mutation leading to NPC disease. Given its ability to cross the blood brain barrier, we posit VPA provides a potential mechanism to improve the response to 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, by restoring functional NPC1 to cholesterol managing compartment as an adjunct therapy.
Diagnostic utility of maximum vertical pocket versus amniotic fluid index in assessing amniotic fluid volume for the prediction of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To compare the utility of maximum vertical pocket versus amniotic fluid index for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.Systematic review of randomized clinical studies comparing these two ultrasou...
An exploration of spillover effects: evidence from threat-induced education reform

This study explores spillover effects between national security and education issues. I examine whether the rise of new foreign threats is correlated with education issues rising onto the congressi...
Effectiveness of the Cadaver Lab in Podiatric Surgery Residency Programs.

ABSTRACT Since the inception of the first surgical training system by Sir William Stewart Halsted, resident surgical skill development has been promulgated in teaching hospitals. Currently, the Council on Podiatric Medical Education does not mandate the availability of a cadaver lab as a residency curriculum requirement. The purpose of the present study is to assess the structure of the cadaver lab and availability in the current podiatric surgical training programs. A survey was sent electronically to 229 American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine–approved residency programs, excluding OhioHealth, across all residency programs. A total of 173 (6.9%) residents from 74 (32.3%) residency programs completed the survey. This survey analyzed the characteristics and perception of the current state of cadaver lab in podiatric residency. The most reported type of cadaver labs available were medical company sponsored and hospital sponsored. Other hands-on training, including inanimate simulators (n = 24) and animal models (n = 5), was also reported. Overall, 87.9% of the surveyed residents found that cadaver lab is either extremely beneficial (57.8%) or somewhat beneficial (30.1%). The most important factors perceived in a successful cadaver lab were faculty instruction (n = 78), accessibility of lab (n = 46), and availability of instrumentation/hardware (n = 26). This qualitative survey is the first study to address the uniformity, perception, and potential value of the cadaver lab in a podiatric surgical residency.
Policing Opioid Use Disorder in a Pandemic

This essay examines the federal government’s pandemic-provoked waiver of long-standing legal and regulatory barriers to evidence-based opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment aimed at enhancing access to OUD care while mitigating the risk of exposure to COVID-19. OUD is a highly stigmatized, chronic neurological disease with a poorly understood etiology. The prevailing approach in the United States, however, has been to criminalize individuals with OUD. This is because U.S. drug policy has been long dominated by the antiquated view that OUD is a deviant moral failing that deserves prosecution instead of a complex health care condition that demands evidence-based treatment. The persistence of such anti-scientific theories about OUD motivated the federal government’s creation of a surveille-and-supervise regulatory regime that isolates OUD treatment from the traditional health care delivery system and prioritizes the policing of individuals with OUD over the provision of expansive access to care. Unlike prior U.S. drug crises, which were attributed to the alleged immoral nature of targeted racial and ethnic minority groups, the country’s current drug use and overdose dilemma has been characterized as a predominantly rural and suburban white American problem instigated by clinical overprescribing and the aggressive and fraudulent marketing of opioid analgesics. This popular narrative, which shifts blame for use disorder from the white “victim,” to unscrupulous prescribers and Big Pharma, changed the substance use disorder solutions rhetoric from policing and punishment to public health interventions. Consequently, federal health officials were more amenable to policies aimed at enhancing assess to OUD treatment as the novel coronavirus began to sweep over the United States in early months of 2020. In fact, they quickly waived several of the rigid federal legal requirements that attend to OUD treatment—and have long-obstructed access to OUD therapeutics—at the inception of the COVID-19 national health emergency. The federal government’s decision to waive certain access to treatment barriers for individuals with OUD was a long overdue positive development. There is no question that the federal agencies that oversee the draconian U.S. OUD therapeutic regulatory regime ought to make those waivers permanent post-pandemic. This essay argues, however, that the benefits of the OUD-related COVID-19 waivers have disproportionately inured to individuals who use buprenorphine and are overwhelmingly white at the expense of individuals who use methadone and are overwhelmingly persons of color. This is particularly tragic given that it was considerably easier to obtain a prescription for officed-based buprenorphine than access methadone administration treatment under the drug control regulatory regime pre-pandemic. The essay concludes by advancing a series of additional reforms beyond the current COVID-19 waivers that the federal government should adopt to ensure more equitably enhance access to OUD treatment.
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization for Delaying Dynamic Stall of Airfoils Using Cokriging Regression

The dynamic stall phenomenon produces adverse aerodynamic loading, which negatively affects the structural strength and life of aerodynamic systems. Aerodynamic shape optimization (ASO) provides a practical approach for delaying and mitigating dynamic stall characteristics without the addition of an auxiliary system. A typical ASO investigation requires multiple evaluations of accurate but time-consuming computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In the case of dynamic stall, unsteady CFD simulations are required for airfoil shape evaluation; combining it with high-dimensions of airfoil shape parameterization renders the ASO investigation computationally costly. In this study, metamodel-based optimization (MBO) is proposed using the multifidelity modeling (MFM) technique to efficiently conduct ASO investigation for computationally expensive dynamic stall cases. MFM methods combine data from accurate high-fidelity (HF) simulations and fast low-fidelity (LF) simulations to provide accurate and fast predictions. In particular, Cokriging regression is used for approximating the objective and constraint functions. The airfoil shape is parameterized using six PARSEC parameters. The objective and constraint functions are evaluated for a sinusoidally oscillating airfoil with the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations at a Reynolds number of 135,000, Mach number of 0.1, and reduced frequency of 0.05. The initial metamodel is generated using 220 LF and 20 HF samples. The metamodel is then sequentially refined using the expected improvement infill criteria and validated with the normalized root mean square error. The refined metamodel is utilized for finding the optimal design. The optimal airfoil shape shows higher thickness, larger leading-edge radius, and an aft camber compared to baseline (NACA 0012). The optimal shape delays the dynamic stall occurrence by 3 degrees and reduces the peak aerodynamic coefficients. The performance of the MFM method is also compared with the single-fidelity metamodeling method using HF samples. Both the approaches produced similar optimal shapes; however, the optimal shape from MFM achieved a minimum objective function value while more closely satisfying the constraint at a computational cost saving of around 41%.
Stress-elicited neural activity in young adults varies with childhood sexual abuse

Abstract Objective Childhood physical and sexual abuse are stressful experiences that may alter the emotional response to future stressors. Stress-related emotional function is supported by brain regions that include the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. The present study investigated whether childhood physical and sexual abuse are associated with stress-elicited brain activity in young adulthood. Methods Participants (N = 300; Mage = 20.0; 151 female) completed a psychosocial stress task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Measures of physical and sexual abuse were included in a linear mixed effects model to estimate the unique relationship each type of childhood abuse had with stress-elicited brain activity. Results Stress-elicited dorsolateral PFC, ventromedial PFC, and hippocampal activity decreased as the frequency of childhood sexual abuse increased. There were no regions in which stress-elicited activation varied with physical abuse. Conclusions The present findings suggest there is a unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse and the stress-elicited PFC and hippocampal activity of young adults that is not observed following childhood physical abuse. Significance These findings may have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which childhood sexual abuse impacts the development of future psychopathology.
Traveling a Hard Road: Rites of Passage to Adulthood for Females of Haitian Descent Living in the Dominican Republic:

This article examines the rites of passage for poor girls of Haitian descent living in the Dominican Republic. In the Dominican context, preparation for and the transition to wife and mother histor...
Management of Pediatric Femur Fracture Using 90-90 Traction.

SUMMARY This video discusses treatment of pediatric femur fractures using 90-90 traction, followed by delayed spica casting. This study details the treatment of a 2-year-old girl with a subtrochanteric femur fracture featuring a 4-cm acute shortening and severe malalignment. The patient was placed in 90-90 traction in the operative setting. When adequate callous was observed radiographically, the patient was treated with a spica cast in the hospital on day 16. She was noted to have obtained uneventful healing of the fracture with no functional deficits, as detailed during serial office visits.
Messung der Abweichungen vom theoretischen Prozeß

Sehr einfach gestaltet sich die Untersuchung einer Anlage im Betrieb, wenn darin eine umlaufende Sole abzukuhlen ist; aus der mittels Duse (Poncelet-Mundung) gemessenen Solemenge und der Temperatursenkung ergibt sich die Netto-Kalteleistung. Um die Bruttoleistung zu erhalten, mus die Warme addiert werden, die in alle Teile der Anlage einfallt.
Integrating Statistics and Systems-Based Content in Undergraduate Medical Education Using a Novel Competitive Game—“The Study Puzzles”

Educators and professionals recognize the importance for inclusion of statistics in contemporary medical education programs and advocate its consideration for curricular integration. Given medical students’ perceptions about statistics, educators must explore pedagogical strategies that foster student engagement, ensure relevance of content, improve motivation and self-efficacy, and, ultimately, facilitate long-term retention of content knowledge. Games, with and without competitive elements, have been implemented successfully in both statistics and medical education. This paper presents a competitive game, known as “study puzzles,” that integrates statistics content with other systems-based content in the undergraduate medical education curriculum through the use of published research articles.
Acute Migraine Treatment in Emergency Settings

What are the comparative benefits and adverse effects of parenteral treatments for adults who present to the emergency department with migraine headaches?