cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain metastases from ovarian cancer.

Brain metastasis from ovarian carcinoma is a relatively rare phenomenon. At NYU Medical Center five patients were treated for this entity from 1982 to 1985. The stage at presentation ranged from stage I to stage III, and all patients had received or were receiving chemotherapy. Two patients had active disease elsewhere at diagnosis of brain metastasis, but three patients were otherwise NED. Three patients had solitary cerebellar disease, and two patients had multiple lesions. All patients were treated with whole brain radiotherapy to 3 000 cGy, with neurological improvement in three of the five patients.
Crayfish Control with Traps and Largemouth Bass

Abstract We attempted to control a population of papershell crayfish (Orconectes immunis) in an 11-hectare fish-rearing impoundment in Jackson County, Wisconsin, by using traps and by stocking largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Crayfish were harvested with traps during the summer of 1985, and the pond was stocked with 386 largemouth bass (mean weight, 1.1 kg) in spring 1986. The pond was drained in the fall of 1985 and 1986, and crayfish burrow counts were made to estimate the population. In 1985, we trapped more than 18,000 crayfish, of which 72% were adult males. Trapping had minor effect on the young-of-the-year crayfish. In 1986, the crayfish population was reduced by 98%, predation by largemouth bass being the probable major cause of the reduction.
Urban CEO Superintendents’ Alternative Strategies in Reducing School Dropouts:

The focus is on strategies used by 10 urban districts to reduce school dropouts. Thirty-eight strategies for dropout prevention were identified. Although the majority identified dropout prevention ...
Note---Comments On Amato and Anderson's Paper, “Determination of Warranty Reserves: An Extension”

Comments about Amato, H. N., E. E. Anderson. 1976. Note---Determination of warranty reserves: an extension. Management Sci.22 12 1391--1394.
The significance of the histochemical reaction for carboxyl groups of proteins in cartilage matrix

A major component of cartilage matrix reacting in the histochemical reaction for protein-bound carboxyl groups is the protein moiety of chondromucoprotein. C-terminal carboxyl groups in cartilage matrix are too sparse to contribute to the histochemical reaction; the side-chain carboxyls are responsible for all of the color developed. It is suggested that variation in staining reaction in the matrix reflects differences in the state of aggregation of chondromucoprotein. Thus the presence of an intense reaction for protein-bound carboxyl groups in cartilage matrix may be explained on the basis of aggregation of chondromucoprotein into high molecular weight complexes, yielding a high local concentration of requisite side-chain carboxyl groups for dye-coupling.
Merging microsatellite data.

Genotype calling procedures vary from laboratory to laboratory for many microsatellite markers. Even within the same laboratory, application of different experimental protocols often leads to ambig...
The acromion: Fractures and Os acromiale

Abstract Acromial fractures are a rare occurrence, representing less than 1% of all skeletal fractures. When they occur they often do so in association with other injuries and usually as a result of a car accident or other major injury mechanism. Os acromiale, on the other hand, is a relatively more common occurrence representing the failure in fusion of the ossification centers of the acromion. The true incidence of os acromiale is not known as many cases are diagnosed as incidental findings on X-rays taken for other reasons. Further, os acromiale often is asymptomatic. Both acromial fractures and an os acromiale can cause symptoms requiring treatment, including surgical stabilization with either bony union of the fracture or fusion of the os. We discuss the incidence and presentation of each of these entities and a brief discussion of our approach to treating them.
Dealing with uncertainty: statistics for an aging population.

Abstract Uncertainty in statistics and demographic projections for aging and other policy purposes comes from four sources: differences in definitions, sampling error, nonsampling error, and scientific uncertainty. Some of these uncertainties can be reduced by proper planning and coordination, but most often decisions have to be made in the face of some remaining uncertainty. Although decision makers have a tendency to ignore uncertainty, doing so does not lead to good policy-making. Techniques for estimating and reporting on uncertainty include sampling theory, assessment of experts' subjective distributions, sensitivity analysis, and multiple independent estimates.
Mosaic: Exploiting the spatial locality of process variation to reduce refresh energy in on-chip eDRAM modules

EDRAM cells require periodic refresh, which ends up consuming substantial energy for large last-level caches. In practice, it is well known that different eDRAM cells can exhibit very different charge-retention properties. Unfortunately, current systems pessimistically assume worst-case retention times, and end up refreshing all the cells at a conservatively-high rate. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach. We use known facts about the factors that determine the retention properties of cells to build a new model of eDRAM retention times. The model is called Mosaic. The model shows that the retention times of cells in large eDRAM modules exhibit spatial correlation. Therefore, we logically divide the eDRAM module into regions or tiles, profile the retention properties of each tile, and program their refresh requirements in small counters in the cache controller. With this architecture, also called Mosaic, we refresh each tile at a different rate. The result is a 20x reduction in the number of refreshes in large eDRAM modules — practically eliminating refresh as a source of energy consumption.
Relation between sensitivity to terpenoid phytoalexins and virulence to cotton of Verticillium dahliae strains

Abstract The terpenoid phytoalexins hemigossypol (HG), methoxyhemigossypol (MHG), desoxyhemigossypol (dHG), and desoxymethoxyhemigossypol (dMHG) from Verticillium dahliae -infected, wilt-resistant Seabrook Sea Island cotton were tested at pH 6.3–7.5 in liquid nutrient media for toxicity to two defoliating and two nondefoliating isolates of V. dahliae . Terpenoid concentrations of 20, 40, 50, and 90 μg/ml of dHG, HG, dMHG, and MHG, respectively, were required to kill uniformly mycelia of all four isolates of V. dahliae . Using this bioassay, differential sensitivity to terpenoid phytoalexins does not appear to be a factor in the differences in virulence of the defoliating and nondefoliating isolates of V. dahliae on cotton.
Transcriptional Activators and Activation Mechanisms

Transcriptional activators are required to turn on the expression of genes in a eukaryotic cell. Activators bound to the enhancer can facilitate either the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoter or its elongation. This article examines a few selected issues in understanding activator functions and activation mechanisms.
Personal computers in the undergraduate curriculum: an example

The authors will show how off-the-shelf personal computers can be used in a variety of ways and at a number of levels to enrich the study of computers at small colleges. It is not our intent to suggest that personal computers replace larger mainframes in computer science courses. Rather, we intend to show how these computers can be used to give small colleges the ability to teach meaningful courses in subjects which until recently could be taught only at universities fortunate enough to possess large computer laboratories and their own hardware experts.
Infected common iliac artery aneurysm repaired in an infant with cadaveric vein graft

Aneurysms are rare in children. Causes include congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, and infectious etiologies. When and how to best surgically treat arterial aneurysms in a child remain unclear. We present the case of a 3-month-old child with an aneurysm of the left common iliac artery, which was first detected on abdominal ultrasound and was successfully repaired with a cadaveric vein graft.
A situated perspective on natural-language processing

Use the word 'situated' these days and all anyone can think of is situation semantics, t That 's unfortunate from my point of view, because [ would like to explore an idea tha t follows from ideas handily referred to as "a si tuated perspective." (Not surprisingly, both situation semantics and its companion logic situation theory are by and large consistent with this point of view, but they aren't the only way of working out a theory compatible with it.) Viewing computation, language, and inference through this perspective, [ will maintain, suggests a conception of naturallanguage processing both more complicated and more realistic than that underlying much of current practice. No system yet exists under this conception, though there is one under design Isee note 4): therefore all [ can reasonably hope to do is engage your interest and convince you that the overall conception merits consideration. This "situated perspective" [ have in mind is best thought of as a cluster of mutual ly reinforcing assumptions. As implied, these assumptions don't constitute a theory in and of themselves; they're merely indicative of one. or several Furthermore. a curious fact is that many of the underlying assumptmns are unobjectionable. They're the sort of thing about which you find yourself ~.hinking well, who could argue with that. Take the claim that language is efficient--Barwise and Perry's way of referring to the fact that you can use the same expression over and ,)vet" again to talk about different things. That 's as familiar a notion as the productivity of language (Barwise and Perry, 1983}. Thus, to claim that language is efficient is to claim that interpretation depends on context: to know what the interpretation of the word 'you' is (i.e., who is being referred to) on a particular occasion of use depends on who you are talking to. ([ will be using the word ' interpretation' to mean the actual stuff referred to, the properties it is said to have etc.} Yet, if you pair the claim about the context-dependency of interpretation of language with the equally reasonable claim that computational processes similarly have context-dependent interpretations, you are all set for the more complicated perspective on naturallanguage processing [ mentioned. 2 At least, this is what [ am going to argue. Another central assumption of the "situated perspective" is the idea that meaning is relational. A kingpin of situation semantics, this assumption follows quite
The Impact of Perceived Humor, Product Type, and Humor Style in Radio Advertising

Abstract This study extends the existing humor research by exploring the connection between perceived humorousness, humor style and product type on consumer perceptions of radio ads and brands advertised. Radio ads were tested using either incongruity or incongruity-resolution (humor type) with higher and lower risk products. The results show that incongruity-resolution was seen as humorous by significantly more respondents than incongruity. However, the perceived humorousness overwhelmed the type of humor tested and product risk for important dependent measures. To gain a positive impact on attitude toward the ad and brand; the ads must be perceived as humorous. Though this result seems obvious, there have been few studies that have explicitly tested its importance. In fact, the results suggest that humor findings previously attributed to product factors may be artifacts of perception of humor. Further audience response analysis provides insight to the advertising dimensions associated with perceived hum...
Professional Identity and the Future of Rehabilitation Counseling

This article describes a vision of rehabilitation counseling, wherein both the profession of rehabilitation counseling and the diverse roles of rehabilitation counselors are recognized and valued by rehabilitation counselors, the general public, and other professionals in promoting social justice and equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities. Using parallels with psychology, this article describes opportunities and challenges related to the visibility and centrality of rehabilitation counseling in society. Marketing is a key element in moving rehabilitation counseling from a fringe activity to a central, well-known profession. Recommendations to make rehabilitation counseling central to society include rehabilitation professional associations and other constituencies (a) working together to market the profession, which can capitalize on the ever-expanding number of career opportunities for rehabilitation counselors and (b) leveraging resources for the common good while respecting our differences.
A treasure trove for lipoprotein biology

Plasma lipoprotein concentrations are associated with risk of coronary artery disease, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Three new genome-wide association studies of thousands of individuals now identify seven genes or loci contributing to lipid concentrations and confirm a number of previously reported associations.
Synthesis and NMR of RNA with Selective isotopic enrichment in the bases

Efficient syntheses of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and nucleotides with selective 13C enrichment in the base moieties are described. Uridine and cytidine are labeled at position C6 and adenosine and guanosine are labeled at position C8. The selectively labeled nucleosides were converted to nucleoside triphosphates and used with in vitro transcription to synthesize labeled RNA. Isotope-edited 12C and 13C sub-spectra of a omega 1-1/2-X-filtered NOESY experiment are demonstrated to be useful for making resonance assignments and for deriving structural information in large (> 20 nt) RNA molecules. The labeled RNAs also allow heteronuclear J-couplings and relaxation parameters to be measured without complications from 13C-13C J-couplings.
Evidence for GaAs substrate strain caused by a CdTe epitaxial layer

Abstract The 400 Bragg intensities of a 3 μm thick single crystal CdTe epitaxial layer on a [100] GaAs substrate have been measured between 6.8 and 380 K. The results clearly show that the Debye temperature of the substrate surface is higher than that of the bulk substrate which implies that the substrate surface is strained. This contrasts with common thinking that only the interface of the epitaxial layer is strained by the deposition.
NEUROTENSIN-SENSITIVE PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE RODENT CAUDATE NUCLEUS

Abstract Cain, Scott T. and Charles B. Nemeroff: Neurotensin-Sensitive Protein Phosphorylation in the Rodent Caudate Nucleus. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1991, 15 : 83–89. 1. 1. Caudate nucleus slices from rat brain were prepared and incubated with 5 μM neurotensin for 30 seconds and 5 minutes. Following homogenization of the caudate nucleus slices, proteins were phosphorylated in vitro in the presence of CaCl 2 or cyclic AMP. Phosphorylated proteins were separated by electrophoresis, and phosphate incorporation into individual proteins quantitated by microdensitometry of the resultant autoradiographs. 2. 2. Incubation of caudate nucleus slices with neurotensin altered the subsequent in vitro calcium-dependent phosphorylation of several specific protein substrates, but in contrast, incubation with neurotensin altered the subsequent cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of only 1 minor phosphoprotein substrate. 3. 3. These results are consistent with other evidence which implicates calcium as an important intracellular mediator of the neurotensin signal.
Crossing network lines between ageing and disability in the United States

Introduction: In the US, ageing and disability public policies, programs, and service systems have historically separate origins, age-based categorical eligibility, and distinct funding streams. This division creates barriers in serving persons ageing with disability transitioning from disability to ageing service systems and for older adults obtaining independent living services in disability systems. Description of policy practice: Professional cross-network collaborations can bridge ageing and disability service networks. Barriers to cross-network collaborations include competition for public funds, lack of professional cross-system knowledge, unfamiliarity with nontraditional consumer groups, and limited organizational interest or administrative knowledge of how to build and maintain collaborative relationships. Demonstrated successful collaborations and coalitions have strong leadership, organizational support, partners with shared interests and goals, clear missions, and strong investment by professional staff and service system clients. Conclusions: There is growing evidence that the work of crossing network lines is locally implemented and sustained. Large-scale government mandates can help initiate this process. Discussion: Service networks include governmental (public) and non-governmental (private) organizations. Collaboration is mainly voluntary, but encouraged by: growth in home and community based care, demand for community integration by people with disabilities, and the need for fiscal efficiency and demonstrated performance results in government spending.
Targeting the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ to Counter the Inflammatory Milieu in Obesity

Adipose tissue, which was once viewed as a simple organ for storage of triglycerides, is now considered an important endocrine organ. Abnormal adipose tissue mass is associated with defects in endocrine and metabolic functions which are the underlying causes of the metabolic syndrome. Many adipokines, hormones secreted by adipose tissue, regulate cells from the immune system. Interestingly, most of these adipokines are proinflammatory mediators, which increase dramatically in the obese state and are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Drugs that target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of diabetes. These findings, and the link between inflammation and the metabolic syndrome, will be reviewed here.
Genetically Targeted Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Use in a Patient with a Novel Mutation of MODY type 4

Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare form of diabetes mellitus typically seen in young adults that results from pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. MODY4 is a rare subtype caused by a PDX1 mutation. In this case, we present a nonobese 26-year-old male with polyuria and polydipsia. Lab work showed a blood glucose of 511 mg/dL, no ketones or antibodies (insulin, islet cell, and glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD]), C-peptide of 1.6 ng/mL, and A1c 9.3%. Genetic analysis revealed a novel nonsense mutation in the PDX1 gene, consistent with MODY type 4. Given this patient's particular genetic mutation affecting the incretin pathway, sitagliptin was substituted for glyburide, which led to significant improvement in glycemic control. Our case report identifies a unique mutation in a rare form of MODY and outlines management of ensuing diabetes through targeting its inherent genetic mutation.
Accuracy of identifying neutropenia diagnoses in outpatient claims data.

Purpose Diagnosis codes have been valid tools to identify severe neutropenia leading to hospitalization in claims data, but no data exist on the accuracy of outpatient diagnosis of neutropenia. We examined the validity and accuracy of claims-based algorithms to identify neutropenia from outpatient visits.
Integrin-Mediated Interactions with Extracellular Matrix Proteins for Nucleus Pulposus Cells of the Human Intervertebral Disc

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human intervertebral disc is rich in molecules that interact with cells through integrin-mediated attachments. Porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells have been shown to interact with laminin (LM) isoforms LM-111 and LM-511 through select integrins that regulate biosynthesis and cell attachment. Since human NP cells lose many phenotypic characteristics with age, attachment and interaction with the ECM may be altered. Expression of LM-binding integrins was quantified for human NP cells using flow cytometry. The cell-ECM attachment mechanism was determined by quantifying cell attachment to LM-111, LM-511, or type II collagen after functionally blocking specific integrin subunits. Human NP cells express integrins β1, α3, and α5, with over 70% of cells positive for each subunit. Blocking subunit β1 inhibited NP cell attachment to all substrates. Blocking subunits α1, α2, α3, and α5 simultaneously, but not individually, inhibits NP cell attachment to laminins. While integrin α6β1 mediated porcine NP cell attachment to LM-111, we found integrins α3, α5, and β1 instead contributed to human NP cell attachment. These findings identify integrin subunits that may mediate interactions with the ECM for human NP cells and could be used to promote cell attachment, survival, and biosynthesis in cell-based therapeutics.
An improved analysis for design of single-layer, probe-fed, U-Slot microstrip patch antenna

In this paper an analytical approach based on generalized cavity model and segmentation method has been proposed to investigate the wideband behavior of the probe-fed, U-Slot microstrip patch antenna. Contour integration methods to improve the overall convergence of the analysis has been demonstrated. Numerical results on convergence will be presented at the time of the conference.
"Doing Gender," Ensuring Survival: Mexican Migration and Economic Crisis in the Rural Mountain West.

This article draws on ethnographic research to explore the impacts of the current economic crisis on Mexican migrant families in rural Montana. It looks specifically at the ways rural families negotiate gender roles and expectations as they devise survival strategies in response to major economic shifts. My analysis suggests that traditional gender roles are being transgressed, as migrant women enter wage labor, often for the first time. Simultaneously, gender ideologies are being reinforced, as migrant women struggle to protect men's sense of masculinity by continuing to perform a culturally appropriate gender script. Whereas the paradoxical combination of gender transgression and tradition has been noted within urban migrant families, its dynamics are different in rural contexts. While urban migrants tend to look outward to social networks for support, rural migrants turn inward to their immediate families, strengthening family solidarities. Language: en
Estimation of the flash point of pure organic chemicals from structural contributions

The flash point is an important indicator of the flammability of liquids and solids. Many methods of estimating the flash point of pure chemicals have been published, but these methods either rely on accurate thermodynamic data or are limited to hydrocarbons. This work presents a method of estimating the flash point of general organic compounds based entirely on structural contributions. The proposed correlation results in an average absolute deviation of 2.84% from experimental values for more than 1,000 organic compounds. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
An inverse optimization approach for determining weights of joint displacement objective function for upper body kinematic posture prediction

Human posture prediction can often be formulated as a nonlinear multiobjective optimization (MOO) problem. The joint displacement function is considered as a benchmark of human performance measures. When the joint displacement function is used as the objective function, posture prediction is a MOO problem. The weighted-sum method is commonly used to find a Pareto solution of this MOO problem. Within the joint displacement function, the relative value of the weights associated with each joint represents the relative importance of that joint. Usually, weights are determined by trial and error approaches. This paper presents a systematic approach via an inverse optimization approach to determine the weights for the joint displacement function in posture prediction. This inverse optimization problem can be formulated as a bi-level optimization problem. The design variables are joint angles and weights. The cost function is the summation of the differences between two set of joint angles (the design variables and the realistic posture). Constraints include (1) normalized weights within limits and (2) an inner optimization problem to solve for joint angles (predicted posture). Additional constraints such as weight limits and weight linear equality constraints, obtained through observations, are also implemented in the formulation to test the method. A 24 degree of freedom human upper body model is used to study the formulation and visualize the prediction. An in-house motion capture system is used to obtain the realistic posture. Four different percentiles of subjects are selected to run the experiment. The set of weights for the general seated posture prediction is obtained by averaging all weights for all subjects and all tasks. On the basis of obtained set of weights, the predicted postures match the experimental results well.
Stream Water Quality and Service Learning in an Introductory Biology Class

Northland College is a small environmental liberal arts college in northern Wisconsin near Lake Superior. In the fall of 2007 and 2008 students in a mixed science majors/non-majors introductory biology course engaged in a semester-long, service-learning project to monitor E. coli in city stormwater draining into Bay City Creek, a small stream that flows through campus and the town of Ashland before flowing into Lake Superior. Such monitoring is beyond the budget of most municipalities, but is an important public health and aesthetic issue for Ashland and Lake Superior. Our hypothesis was that this service-learning research project would have a positive impact on student learning and student perception of science, and the project would generate useful information for city leaders. Students collected and processed water samples using a standard protocol, analyzed the effect of stormwater on stream water quality, and presented their data in the form of posters to the mayor, a city administrator, and the Provost. Student learning was assessed by a poster-grading rubric, and by online and Northland College instruments. Student perceptions of science were found to be more positive than in the year preceding this project, even when clear answers were not found from their scientific investigation, and there appeared to be no distinction in responses between science majors and non-majors.
Regional patterns of marriage ties in north‐central Luzon, Philippines

This paper deals with four problem areas that frequently appear in the literature on regional marriage rates: the prediction of marriage frequencies between settlements from independent quantifiable variables; the change in size of the endogamous zones that surround settlements; the degree to which these zones overlap with other socially significant boundaries to form interregional communities; and the effect of socio-economic status upon the regional reach of contracting mates. Heretofore, these closely related issues have been examined separately in different social settings. This study uses sufficiently inclusive marriage records of a provincial town in the Philippines to address these issues with a single body of data.
Transcriptional regulation of NF-kappa B2: evidence for kappa B-mediated positive and negative autoregulation.

Abstract NF-kappa B is an inducible transcription factor complex which regulates the expression of a variety of genes which are involved in the immune, inflammatory, and acute-phase responses. The maintenance of NF-kappa B activity in stimulated cells requires ongoing protein synthesis, suggesting several modes of regulation. In this report, we have characterized the transcriptional regulation of one family member, NF-kappa B2. The genomic structure and sequence of NF-kappa B2 revealed the presence of two promoters and at least four kappa B regulatory elements, which mediate responsiveness to phorbol myristate acetate and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Similar to other NF-kappa B family members, NF-kappa B2 is positively autoregulated. In contrast to other family members, we find that kappa B elements in the NFKB2 promoter can also mediate transcriptional repression in the absence of NF-kappa B. We identified a nuclear complex which binds specifically to a subset of kappa B-related sites but not to the canonical kappa B element. Because of its putative inhibitory or repressive effect, this binding activity has been termed Rep-kappa B. This mechanism of repressing basal NF-kappa B2 transcription in an inactivated state enables the cell to tightly control NF-kappa B2 activity. These data demonstrate that a novel mode of kappa B-dependent regulation is mediated by specific kappa B sites in the NFKB2 promoter.
Advancing M2M communications management: A cloud-based system for cellular traffic analysis

Advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), computing hardware, and software algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have boosted the adoption of WSNs, also known as machine-to-machine (M2M) communications systems, in many fields, including vehicle tracking, supply chain management, security, and healthcare. Due to the large scale of the deployments of many commercial applications, and the diversity of the hardware and software, the management of these M2M communications systems is becoming more and more cumbersome. Motivated by the challenges posed by a real-life commercial M2M communications system featuring millions of heterogeneous devices connected to hundreds of applications using a GSM cellular network, we developed a cloud-based solution for cellular traffic analysis aimed at M2M communications systems. The proposed system captures and stores all traffic generated by the M2M communications system 24/7, and can process and analyze one day worth of traffic in 2.5 hours for $2-3 using cloud computing. We also report on case studies, where the proposed solution was employed to detect misbehaving devices and test different configuration for select devices.
Drug discovery in academic institutions

Although academic science has always provided a fundamental understanding of the biological and clinical basis of disease, the opportunity and imperative for academics to contribute more directly to the discovery of new medicines continues to grow. Embedding medicinal chemists with cancer biologists creates collaborative opportunities for drug discovery and the design and synthesis of chemical biology tool compounds (chemical probes) to better elucidate the role of specific proteins and pathways in biology and disease. Two case studies are presented here: (1) the discovery of inhibitors of mer kinase to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and (2) the discovery of chemical probes targeting epigenetic regulators. These case studies provide lessons in target selection strategies, the requirement for iterative optimization of lead compounds (useful drugs/probes rarely come directly from a screen), and the value of mutually dependent collaborations between medicinal chemists and cancer biologists.
On the quality of commercial boneless skinless broiler breast meat

This study was conducted to assess the overall quality of commercial broiler breast meat products representing several brands and various industry practices (that is, chilling or enhancement procedures). Six different broiler breast products were evaluated by 75 consumers for 11 attributes related to appearance, flavor, tenderness, and juiciness, including overall acceptance. Twenty-three sensory attributes representing basic taste, flavor, texture, and appearance were evaluated by 11 trained descriptive panelists. Tenderness of cooked meat was instrumentally predicted by the Meullenet-Owens razor shear (MORS). Water holding capacity (cook loss) of cooked meat was also evaluated, and color and pH of raw meat were determined. Significant variations in quality among products tested were reported, indicating a broad range of product quality in the marketplace. One air-chilled and 1 water-chilled/enhanced product were found to be most liked by consumers. Tenderness of products tested was rated in average between "neither tough nor tender" and "very tender" by consumers. Cook loss of the 2 air-chilled products (13.5% to 19.1%, respectively) was significantly lower than that of water-chilled products (18.7% to 24.1%). Partial least squares regression revealed that 4 sensory texture attributes (hardness, hardness of mass, cohesiveness of mass, and tooth pack) and 1 basic taste (sour) were the major attributes driving consumer overall liking of commercial broiler breast meat products.
Computerized decision support for concurrent utilization review using the HELP system.

Objective : Development and evaluation of computerized concurrent utilization review (UR) support taking advantage of a clinically rich computerized patient database. Design : The Automated Support System for Utilization REview (ASSURE) applies the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol(AEP) Day of Care criteria to computerized patient data in the HELP hospital information system. This paper reports the development, verification, and validation of ASSURE. Measurements : Implementation correctness was verified by measuring agreement with a nurse reviewer, using separate sample sets for all 20 criteria for a total of 560 current inpatients. Usefulness in detecting inappropriate days of care was validated by two nurse reviewers who were crossed with manual and computer-assisted review methods in a blocked design for 168 current inpatients. Agreement with reviewers, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were measured. Results : Agreement was very good for satisfaction of criteria, and good for appropriateness of day of care. A patient day identified by ASSURE as potentially inappropriate would be twice as likely to be judged inappropriate by a reviewer as a randomly selected patient day. Review of the 10% of patient days identified as potentially inappropriate by ASSURE would identify approximately 21% of the inappropriate days of care. Conclusion : ASSURE is a clinically useful tool for screening adult acute care patients for inappropriate days of care, and promises to make a major contribution to reducing health care costs. The prognosis for successful routine clinical use is good.
Bargaining Set Theory and Majority Rule

The kernel and the bargaining set are employed as predictors of experimental trials for four and five person simple majority rule games. Both concepts are found to be good predictors of game outcomes. A comparison is made between the bargaining set concepts and the von Neumann and Morgenstern solution sets which demonstrates that bargaining theory is the better predictor. The authors statistically manipulated experimental control variables to make point predictions in the kernel.
Cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Disease overview: Approximately one-fourth of cutaneous lymphomas are B-cell derived and are generally classified into three distinct subgroups: primary cutaneous follicle-center lymphoma (PCFCL), primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL, LT). Diagnosis: Diagnosis and disease classification is based on histologic review and immunohistochemical staining of an appropriate skin biopsy. Pathologic review and an appropriate staging evaluation are necessary to distinguish primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from systemic B-cell lymphomas with secondary skin involvement. Risk-stratification: Disease histology remains the most important prognostic determinant. Both PCFCL and PCMZL are indolent lymphomas that infrequently disseminate to extracutaneous sites and are associated with an excellent long-term prognosis. In contrast, PCLBCL, LT is an aggressive lymphoma with an inferior prognosis. Risk-adapted therapy: PCFCL and PCMZL patients with solitary or relatively few skin lesions may be affectively managed with local radiation therapy. Although single-agent rituximab may be employed for patients with more widespread skin involvement, multiagent chemotherapy is rarely appropriate. In contrast, management of patients with PCLBCL, LT is comparable to the management of patients with systemic DLBCL. © Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background—Chronic kidney disease is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Chronic kidney disease may also increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but existing studies have reported inconsistent results. Methods and Results—We estimated cystatin C–based glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) and measured urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 10 328 men and women free of AF from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study in 1996 to 1998. Incidence of AF was ascertained through the end of 2007. During a median follow-up of 10.1 years, we identified 788 incident AF cases. Compared with individuals with eGFRcys ≥90 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2, multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AF were 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6), 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.1), and 3.2 (95% CI, 2.0 to 5.0; P for trend <0.0001) in those with eGFRcys of 60 to 89, 30 to 59, and 15 to 29 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2, respectively. Similarly, the presence of macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥300 mg/g; hazard...
Guidance on public reporting of healthcare-associated infections : Recommendations of the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee

Consumer demand for healthcare information, including data about the performance of healthcare providers, has increased steadily during the past decade. Many state and national initiatives are under way to mandate or induce healthcare organizations to publicly disclose information regarding institutional and physician performance. Mandatory public reporting of healthcare performance is intended to enable stakeholders, including consumers, to make more informed choices on healthcare issues.Public reporting of healthcare performance information has taken several forms. Healthcare performance reports (report cards and honor rolls) typically describe the outcomes of medical care in terms of mortality, selected complications, or medical errors and, to a lesser extent, economic outcomes. Increasingly, process measures (ie, measurement of adherence to recommended healthcare practices, such as hand hygiene) are being used as an indicator of how well an organization adheres to established standards of practice with the implicit assumption that good processes lead to good healthcare outcomes. National healthcare quality improvement initiatives, notably those of the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), and the Hospital Quality Alliance, use process measures in their public reporting initiatives.
The Functions of Myosin II and Myosin V Homologs in Tip Growth and Septation in Aspergillus nidulans

Because of the industrial and medical importance of members of the fungal genus Aspergillus, there is considerable interest in the functions of cytoskeletal components in growth and secretion in these organisms. We have analyzed the genome of Aspergillus nidulans and found that there are two previously unstudied myosin genes, a myosin II homolog, myoB (product = MyoB) and a myosin V homolog, myoE (product = MyoE). Deletions of either cause significant growth defects. MyoB localizes in strings that coalesce into contractile rings at forming septa. It is critical for septation and normal deposition of chitin but not for hyphal extension. MyoE localizes to the Spitzenkorper and to moving puncta in the cytoplasm. Time-lapse imaging of SynA, a v-SNARE, reveals that in myoE deletion strains vesicles no longer localize to the Spitzenkorper. Tip morphology is slightly abnormal and branching occurs more frequently than in controls. Tip extension is slower than in controls, but because hyphal diameter is greater, growth (increase in volume/time) is only slightly reduced. Concentration of vesicles into the Spitzenkorper before incorporation into the plasma membrane is, thus, not required for hyphal growth but facilitates faster tip extension and a more normal hyphal shape.
GSS and learning research: a review and assessment of the early studies

Over the past several years, a number of research studies have investigated the application of group support systems (GSS) in the classroom. This paper summarizes and assesses what has been learned from this early set of studies and identifies key research issues for the future. The review of research studies reported in this paper focuses solely on comparative studies investigating the synchronous GSS classroom environment. The literature review includes a summary of methodological issues as well as empirical findings. While research findings regarding learning are somewhat mixed, early indications are encouraging and suggest that GSS may be used to improve learning under certain situations. It is suggested that future research efforts may be enhanced by more closely linking research to theory, building on the research from the field of education, and developing appropriate instruments to measure learning.
Belief Perseverance and Self-Defeating Behavior

At first glance, self-defeating behaviors predicated on honestly (but incorrectly) held beliefs would seem readily amenable to change. Surely in most cases, information is available to challenge these beliefs, set the record straight, and enhance the possibility of more adaptive behaviors. Yet both experience and research suggest that this optimistic appraisal is far too simplistic. The gap between information received and information perceived is filled with a surprising array of biases and errors which ultimately weaken the impact of new information on current beliefs. In this chapter, we explore ways in which beliefs persist in light of new information and in spite of the discrediting of old information. We see how people often are insensitive to information in the environment, yet ironically, they perceive evidence to support their beliefs where none actually exists. We examine how beliefs can take on a life of their own, no longer in need of the evidence that gave them birth. Throughout the chapter we relate these processes to such problems as depression and loneliness, problems in which the persistence of maladaptive beliefs plays an integral role. We also comment on how an understanding of these issues suggests ways in which incorrect beliefs and self-defeating behaviors may be overcome.
Managing new and remanufactured products to mitigate environmental damage under emissions regulation

Abstract Emissions of greenhouse gases are not as free as they used to be. Under stringent regulations, manufacturers increasingly find that their emissions have a steep monetary, environmental and social price. In manufacturing industry, remanufacturing has an important role to play with its inherent economic, environmental and social opportunities which warrant regulatory action. In this paper, we characterize the optimal emissions taxation policy in order for remanufacturing to deliver those benefits. In particular, using a leader-follower Stackelberg game model, we investigate the impact of emissions taxes on the optimal production and pricing decisions of a manufacturer who could remanufacture its own product. We characterize whether/under what conditions the manufacturer’s decision to remanufacture under emissions regulation reduces its environmental impact (as measured by total greenhouse emissions), whilst increasing its profits (a win-win situation). On the policy side, we delineate how emissions taxes can be instituted to realize the inherent economic, environmental and social benefits of remanufacturing (the triple win of remanufacturing). Two critical components of this analysis are the issue of demand cannibalization from the remanufactured product and the low-emission advantage of remanufacturing. We further investigate the impact of remanufacturing- and society-related factors on the balance among firm-level profits, environmental impact and social welfare, where the collection rate of end-of-use products and the cost to the environment turn out to be decisive in deriving the triple win benefits from remanufacturing. Last, we extend our analyses to an emissions trading setting where emissions are regulated using tradeable permits, and investigate the economic implications of remanufacturing under emissions trading vis-a-vis emissions taxation.
Chemistry of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma jets for different experimental parameters

The chemistry of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma jets (APLTPJs) is investigated by a spatio-temporally resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) method for different experimental parameters. APLTPJs' chemical makeup is important for biomedical applications because it is their reactive species that undergo interaction with the biological systems under treatment. The behaviors of emitting species are studied for different HV pulse amplitudes, pulse widths, repetition rates, and gas flow rates. These species include N 2 SPS (0–0) band at 337 nm, N 2 + FNS (0–0) band at 391 nm, OH (A- X) at 308 nm, He (23P-33S) at 706 nm, and O (35S-35P) at 777 nm. The effect of argon admixture on APLTPJ kinetic mechanism was found to enhance the plasma chemistry during applications. Accordingly, even a small amount of argon admixture significantly increases the intensity of N 2 SPS while decreasing that of N 2 + FNS dramatically. As already reported in several publications [1–3], the plasma jet is not a continuous medium but rather consists of plasma bullets that are launched from the reactor with each HV pulse. Spatio-temporally resolved distributions of excited species offer great insights into the plasma bullet's propagation mechanism for pure helium and helium/argon admixture working gases. Hence, excited states reach their maxima around 12 mm away from the reactor. In addition, the plasma bullet velocity in helium/argon mixtures is about twice as fast compared to pure helium. The donut-shaped structure of the plasma bullets is also observed for different emitting species, axial positions, HV pulse amplitudes, and argon admixtures.
Procter A Gamble Company: Mexico 1991

This case looks at the alternatives P&G is evaluating to finance the growth of its Mexican subsidiary. The choices have different tax implications and risk profiles, which will be influenced by economic performance and currency movements.
Mechanics of Microenvironment as Instructive Cues Guiding Stem Cell Behavior

Stem cells reside in a complex milieu during development, or in adult tissues, as well as in culture conditions. Their decision to differentiate, self-renew, or migrate is a result of an integrated response to extracellular stimuli, which are chemical, physical, and mechanical in nature. In recent years, research has shown that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment can regulate a variety of stem cell phenotypes by activating intracellular signal transduction leading to transcription. Many of these signaling pathways are primarily involved in mechanotransduction, suggesting that mechanical cues, particularly the rigidity and topographical architecture of the extracellular matrix directly regulate stem cell behavior. Novel bioengineering tools have made it possible for the first time to systematically and quantifiably understand the role of mechanical cues in stem cell biology. However, it is necessary to investigate activation of mechanotransduction in the context of other signals to which cells respond. How cells integrate complex presentation of signals, including mechanical cues, to formulate a decision will increase our understanding of fundamental stem cell biology, as well as inform future therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.