cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Private Tokens for Money in the United States

I. Definition and varieties, 600. — II. Tokens issued prior to 1800, 602. — Foreign, 603. — Home manufacture, 605. — III. Tokens issued from 1800 to 1861, 608. — War of 1812 period, 608. — Jacksonian era, 611. — Gold tokens, 617. — Georgia, 617. — North Carolina, 618. — California, 620. — Miscellaneous, 624. — IV. Tokens issued since 1861, 626. — Civil War period, 626. — Period after Civil War, 634.
Simultaneous superoxide and hydrogen peroxide detection in peroxidase/NADH oscillator

Abstract A dual enzyme-based amperometric sensor was applied to simultaneous detection of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in the peroxidase/NADH oscillator. Both species were detected at nanomolar concentrations. Concentration–time profiles for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide closely resembled qualitative and quantitative model predictions except during periods of large-d[O2]/dt. Introduction of the sensor did not cause perturbation of the chemical behavior of the system within the reproducibility of the standard oscillator. Trace oxygen reduction on the sensors' glassy carbon surfaces was minimized by setting biasing potentials of both sensors to E=+170 mV (vs. WO3 reference electrode). Characterization of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide sensors' membranes was performed by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and electrochemistry.
The human mu opioid receptor gene in addictions

Abstract This paper will review the evidence that the human mu opioid receptor gene influences risk for addictions. The structure of the gene will be delineated. Animal model work will be summarized briefly, indicating what drug addictions might be influenced by the mu opioid receptor gene. Finally, human genetic studies will be examined.
VERIFICATION OF A SIMPLIFIED CAR-FOLLOWING THEORY

Abstract A simple car-following rule proposed by G.F. Newell was verified by measuring vehicles discharging from long queues at signalized intersections. Observations indicated that the time–space trajectory of a j th vehicle discharging on a homogeneous intersection approach was essentially the same as the j −1th vehicle except for a translation in time and space. These fixed translations are merely the time and distance required for driver j to reach the spacings she chooses for following vehicle j −1 as a function of j −1’s velocities. This description is far simpler, and uses fewer parameters, than other car-following models.
Activation of human neutrophil phospholipase D by three separable mechanisms.

Activation of human neutrophils by receptor-mediated agonists, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, or the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate all stimulated phospholipase D activity. This was demonstrated by the increased formation of phosphatidic acid, and in the presence of ethanol, phosphatidylethanol (PEt) accumulation. EGTA completely inhibited A23187-induced PEt formation, but only one-half of the fMLP-induced PEt accumulation. Staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, strongly inhibited PMA-induced PEt formation, but actually stimulated the formation of PEt in response to fMLP by several-fold. Thus, increased cytosolic Ca2+ and activated protein kinase C can each lead to activation of phospholipase D, but neither is required for receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase D activity. Wortmannin is an irreversible inhibitor of the oxidative burst, but does not inhibit NADPH oxidase or known components of signal transduction. Wortmannin inhibited activation of phospholipase D in respo...
Quantum Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Dye−Semiconductor Systems: First-Principles Description and Application to Coumarin 343−TiO2

A method to describe the quantum dynamics of photoinduced heterogeneous electron-transfer processes at dye−semiconductor interfaces is proposed. The method is based on a model Hamiltonian, the parameters of which are determined by first-principles electronic structure calculations and a partitioning scheme to define localized donor and acceptor states as well as donor−acceptor coupling matrix elements. On the basis of this modeling procedure, accurate quantum dynamical simulations are performed employing the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. As a representative example, applications to coumarin 343 adsorbed on titanium oxide nanoparticles are presented. The results of the simulations show that the ultrafast electron-injection process in this system is accompanied by electronic coherence effects, which are partially quenched due to electronic−nuclear coupling.
“Promoting Acceptance” or “Preparing Warrior Scholars”: Variance in Teaching for Social Justice Vision and Praxis

A growing body of research explores theoretical models of teaching for social justice in P-12 classrooms and in teacher education. However, many of these models fail to account for the relationship between teachers’ social justice frameworks and their classroom practices. In this article, I use vignettes drawn from a recent study of secondary English Language Arts teachers to illustrate how differences in social location and sociopolitical emphasis affect teachers’ approaches to justice-oriented curriculum, pedagogy, and social action. This article concludes with implications for teaching and teacher education, including strategies for using these findings in preservice classrooms.
The Effects of Demographic Differences on Forming Intragroup Relationships

Group behavior research suggests that differences among group members cause individuals to interact in ways that may enhance or weaken group performance. Dissimilarities among members may cause the development of negative attitudes about work groups, leading to dysfunctional performance. Network theorists have found that demographic factors influence individuals' tendency to form network ties within their organizations. This article bridges these findings, examining whether work group demographic differences affect a group member's tendency to form network ties with other group members or outside the work unit. In a study of 49 employees at a Midwest consulting firm, individual differences in sex and tenure predicted whether employees interacted within their work groups on advice and friendship dimensions, respectively, but did not affect the establishment of working relationships. Increased group heterogeneity tended to reduce the effect of demographic differences. Longer-service men were more likely to ...
Recent Developments in Fuel Cell Materials

Chemical and physical requirements limit the choice of fuel cell electrolytes to strong aqueous acids and alkalis, (pyro)phosphoric acid, carbonate melts, and solid oxides (O= conductors, with rare H+ conductors). The choice of electrolytes and operating temperatures is therefore limited, controlling the choice of other materials (anode catalysts, cathode catalysts, current collectors, and construction materials), which are determined by the properties of the electrolyte, the temperature, the electrode potentials, the gas atmospheres, and thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. The families of state-of-the art and new materials for each class of electrolyte are reviewed. The area of greatest activity is the solid oxide fuel cell (500°C-1000°C). In a review of this length, the extensive list of new solid oxide developments can only be given by way of introduction.
Expansion of cultures of human tracheal epithelium with maintenance of differentiated structure and function.

We have developed a technique for expanding primary cultures of human tracheal epithelium while minimizing loss of differentiated structure and function. Cells were seeded at 2 × 104 cells/cm2 into...
Calpain and caspase-3 play required roles in immobilization-induced limb muscle atrophy.

Prolonged skeletal muscle inactivity results in a rapid decrease in fiber size, primarily due to accelerated proteolysis. Although several proteases are known to contribute to disuse muscle atrophy...
Corneal ray tracing versus simulated keratometry for estimating corneal power changes after excimer laser surgery.

Purpose To evaluate whether the refractive changes induced by excimer laser surgery can be accurately measured by corneal ray tracing performed by a combined rotating Scheimpflug camera–Placido-disk corneal topographer (Sirius). Setting Private practices. Design Evaluation of diagnostic test. Methods This multicenter retrospective study comprised patients who had myopic or hyperopic excimer laser refractive surgery. Preoperatively and postoperatively, 2 corneal power measurements—simulated keratometry (K) and mean pupil power—were obtained. The mean pupil power was the corneal power calculated over the entrance pupil by ray tracing through the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces using Snell's law. Agreement between the refractive and corneal power change was analyzed according to Bland and Altman. Regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate agreement between measurements. Results The study evaluated 72 eyes (54 patients). The difference between the postoperative and preoperative simulated K values underestimated the refractive change after myopic correction and overestimated it after hyperopic correction. Agreement between simulated K changes and refractive changes was poor, especially for higher amounts of correction. A proportional bias was detected ( r = −0.77; P r 2 = 0.98). The mean pupil power did not overestimate or underestimate the refractive change. The 95% LoA ranged between −0.97 D and +0.56 D. Conclusion Corneal ray tracing accurately measured corneal power changes after excimer laser refractive surgery. Financial Disclosures Dr. Calossi is consultant to Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici. Dr. Carones is consultant to Wavelight Laser Technologie AG. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Optimizing Scale Adhesion on Single Crystal Superalloys

To improve scale adhesion, single crystal superalloys have been desulfurized to levels below 1 ppmw by hydrogen annealing. A transition to fully adherent behavior has been shown to occur at a sulfur level of about 0.2 ppmw, as demonstrated for PWA 1480, PWA 1484, and Rene N5 single crystal superalloys in 1100-1150 C cyclic oxidation tests up to 2000 h. Small additions of yttrium (15 ppmw) also have been effective in producing adhesion for sulfur contents of about 5 ppmw. Thus the critical Y/S ratio required for adhesion was on the order of 3-to-1 by weight (1-to-1 atomic), in agreement with values estimated from solubility products for yttrium sulfides. While hydrogen annealing greatly improved an undoped alloy, yielding <= 0.01 ppmw S, it also produced benefits for Y-doped alloys without measurably reducing the sulfur content.
Applications of Ultra-Low Field Magnetic Resonance for Imaging and Materials Studies

Recently it has become both possible and practical to perform MR at magnetic fields from muT to mT, the so-called ultra-low field (ULF) regime. SQUID sensor technology allows for ultra-sensitive detection while pulsed pre-polarizing fields greatly enhance signal. The instrumentation allows for unprecedented flexibility in signal acquisition sequences. Here we present the results from several applications of ULF MR which exploit the unique abilities of the method. These include novel ways to image both brain structure and function either by combination of MRI with magnetoencephalography or direct observation of the interaction of neural currents with the spin population, and ULF relaxometry for detection and characterization of materials relevant to numerous non-invasive inspection applications. We briefly describe the motivation, advantages, and recent results of several new applications of the ULF MR method. Specifically, we present recent data measuring the interaction of weak ( ~ 10 muA) currents with a spin-population in a water phantom, as studied by ULF MRI with implications for neural current imaging. We also present data from a ULF MR relaxometer developed inspecting liquids in a check-point for the presence of hazardous material.
Hyaluronidase 2: A Novel Germ Cell Hyaluronidase with Epididymal Expression and Functional Roles in Mammalian Sperm

To initiate the crucial cell adhesion events necessary for fertilization, sperm must penetrate extracellular matrix barriers containing hyaluronic acid (HA), a task thought to be accomplished by neutral-active hyaluronidases. Here we report that the ~57 kDa hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) that in somatic tissues has been highly characterized to be acid-active is present in mouse and human sperm, as detected by Western blot, flow cytometric, and immunoprecipitation assays. Immunofluorescence revealed its presence on the plasma membrane over the acrosome, the midpiece, and proximal principal piece in mice where protein fractionation demonstrated a differential distribution in subcellular compartments. It is significantly more abundant in the acrosome-reacted (P = 0.04) and soluble acrosomal fractions (P = 0.006) (microenvironments where acid-active hyaluronidases function) compared to that of the plasma membrane where neutral hyaluronidases mediate cumulus penetration. Using HA substrate gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitated HYAL 2 was shown to have catalytic activity at pH 4.0. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation assays reveal that HYAL2 is associated with its cofactor, CD44, consistent with CD44-dependent HYAL2 activity. HYAL2 is also present throughout the epididymis, where Hyal2 transcripts were detected, and in the epididymal luminal fluids. In vitro assays demonstrated that HYAL2 can be acquired on the sperm membrane from epididymal luminal fluids, suggesting that it plays a role in epididymal maturation. Because similar biphasic kinetics are seen for HYAL2 and SPAM1 (Sperm adhesion molecule 1), it is likely that HYAL2 plays a redundant role in the catalysis of megadalton HA to its 20 kDa intermediate during fertilization.
On the relationship between measures of discrimination and the performance of suboptimal detectors

The problem of designing and analyzing suboptimal detectors via statistical distance measures is considered. As a preliminary result, we show that only the minimum and maximum probability of error are valid measures of discrimination between the input statistics. This result would seem then to imply that the use of distance measures in this context can be inappropriate. However, to overcome this apparent obstacle, we demonstrate explicit relationships between various f-divergences and the loss in performance of an arbitrary detector relative to the optimal detector. In particular, we establish both upper and lower bounds on the performance loss of a suboptimal detector in terms of the "distance" between the pertinent statistics of both the optimal and suboptimal detectors. While designing detectors by minimizing these upper bounds can be an elusive task, in many practical cases, the lower bound presented herein holds with equality. In this case, minimizing the separation of the output statistics of the detector with respect to a particular f-divergence equivalently minimizes the resulting probability of error of the detector. To facilitate design, other researchers have established conditions under which one may design arbitrary detection strategies with respect to a specific f-divergence (Kullback-Leibler distance being a principal example). We extend this approach by deriving necessary and sufficient conditions under which one may design detection strategies with respect to an arbitrarily chosen f-divergence. Thus when these conditions are met, one may optimize a detector with respect to the most analytically tractable distance measure to obtain the minimum probability of error detector over a selected class of detection strategies. Examples demonstrating the utility of this theory for the problem of designing optimal linear detectors and optimal signal sets are presented. >
Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory of speech and language

Books reviewed ECRITS, A SELECTION. By Jacques Lacan. Trans. by Alan Sheridan. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1977; pp. xiv+338. $16.75. THE FOUR FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF PSYCHO‐ANALYSIS. By Jacques Lacan. Edited by Jacques‐Alain Miller. Trans. by Alan Sheridan. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1978; pp. xi+290. $18.95.
Adding complexity to fibronectin-platelet interactions.

The article by Chauhan et al in the current issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 1 adds a new complexity to the roles of fibronectin in formation of hemostatic plugs and thrombotic occlusions. Normal mice, in which >99.5% of plasma fibronectin lacks the alternatively spliced EDA domain, were compared with mice genetically engineered to have only EDA-containing (EDA+) fibronectin in the circulation. Mice with only EDA+ fibronectin developed occlusive platelet thrombi more quickly in arterioles damaged by ferric chloride and suffered increased mortality from pulmonary emboli after an infusion of collagen and epinephrine in the tail vein. When blood from the 2 types of mice was passed through a collagen-coated chamber, surface coverage by adherent platelets was greater in the mice with EDA+ fibronectin. Examination of the photomicrographs suggests that the volume of platelet thrombi in the collagen-coated chamber also was greater after perfusion of blood from mice with EDA+ fibronectin. Three different read-outs, therefore, indicate that thrombus build-up is enhanced by the presence of EDA+ fibronectin, See …
Potential role of differential medication use in explaining excess risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less likely to receive cardiovascular medications. It is unclear whether differential cardiovascular drug use explains, in part, the excess risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with CKD and coronary heart disease (CHD).
Clinical presentation and response to treatment of novel influenza A H1N1 in a university-based summer camp population.

Abstract Background Little is known about the clinical presentation and course of novel H1N1 influenza in summer camps. Objectives To describe the clinical course and evaluate the effect of influenza treatment in a summer camp population. Study design Two large influenza outbreaks occurred in university-based residential camps between May 21 and August 2, 2009. Through active daily surveillance, medical evaluation at symptom onset, and data collection during isolation, we describe the clinical course of a large outbreak of novel H1N1 influenza. Results Influenza-like illness (ILI) was documented in 119 individuals. Influenza A was confirmed in 66 (79%) of 84 samples tested. Three early samples were identified as novel H1N1. ILI cases had an average age of 15.7 years and 52% were male. Sixty-three were treated with oseltamivir or zanamivir, which was initiated within 24 h of diagnosis. Cough, myalgia and sore throat occurred in 69, 64 and 63% of cases, respectively. The highest temperature over the course of illness (Tmax) occurred within 48 h after symptom onset in 87.5% of individuals. Average Tmax was 38.4 °C (range 36.1–40.2 °C). Among confirmed influenza cases, 69% defervesced by 72 h and 95% defervesced by 96 h. Defervescence at 72 h was not different in the treated and untreated groups (p = 0.12). Conclusions Novel H1N1 generally has a mild, self-limited course in healthy adolescent campers. Defervescence occurred within 72 h and was unaffected by treatment.
Rehospitalization to primary versus different facilities following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective Reducing readmissions represents a unique opportunity to improve care and reduce health care costs and is the focus of major payers. A large number of surgical patients are readmitted to hospitals other than where the primary surgery was performed, resulting in clinical decisions that do not incorporate the primary surgeon and potentially alter outcomes. This study characterizes readmission to primary vs different hospitals after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and examines the implications with regard to mortality and cost. Methods Patients who underwent open or endovascular aneurysm repair for AAA were identified from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Conditions Warehouse, a random 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2005 to 2009. Outcomes for patients who underwent AAA repair and were readmitted within 30 days of initial discharge were compared based on readmission location (primary vs different hospital). Results A total of 885 patients underwent AAA repair and were readmitted within 30 days. Of these, 626 (70.7%) returned to the primary facility, and 259 (29.3%) returned to a different facility. Greater distance from patient residence to the primary hospital was the strongest predictor of readmission to a different facility. Patients living 50 to 100 miles from the primary hospital were more likely to be readmitted to a different hospital compared with patients living P P = .04). Conclusions Readmission to a different facility after AAA repair is common and occurs more frequently than for the overall Medicare population. Patients travelling a greater distance for AAA repair are more likely to return to different vs the primary hospital when further care is required. For AAA repair, quality healthcare may be achieved at marginally lower cost and with greater patient convenience for selected readmissions at hospitals other than where the initial procedure was performed.
Adhesive-bonded composite joint analysis with delaminated surface ply using strain-energy release rate

This paper presents an analytical model to determine the strain energy release rate due to an interlaminar crack of the surface ply in adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to axial tension. Single-lap shear-joint standard test specimen geometry with thick bondline is followed for model development. The field equations are formulated by using the first-order shear-deformation theory in laminated plates together with kinematics relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. The system of second-order differential equations is solved to using the symbolic computation tool Maple 9.52 to provide displacements fields. The equivalent forces at the tip of the prescribed interlaminar crack are obtained based on interlaminar stress distributions. The strain energy release rate of the crack is then determined by using the crack closure method. Finite element analyses using the J integral as well as the crack closure method are performed to verify the developed analytical model. It has been shown that the results using the analytical method correlate well with the results from the finite element analyses. An attempt is made to predict the failure loads of the joints based on limited test data from the literature. The effectiveness of the inclusion of bondline thickness is justified when compared with the results obtained from the previous model in which a thin bondline and uniform adhesive stresses through the bondline thickness are assumed.
Overview of bunch length measurements.

An overview of particle and photon beam bunch length measurements is presented in the context of free-electron laser (FEL) challenges. Particle-beam peak current is a critical factor in obtaining adequate FEL gain for both oscillators and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) devices. Since measurement of charge is a standard measurement, the bunch length becomes the key issue for ultrashort bunches. Both time-domain and frequency-domain techniques are presented in the context of using electromagnetic radiation over eight orders of magnitude in wavelength. In addition, the measurement of microbunching in a micropulse is addressed.
Relations of Quantum to Classical Physics

If, as Einstein believed, nature were not possessed of malice, then surely she would have created matter otherwise. For it is either malice or capricious ambivalence on her part which has brought us to our present state where we can say with great authority that matter is not this or that, and yet not utter a single unqualified phrase as to what it might be.
Marrow Culture—a New Approach to Classification of Leukemias

The agar culture technique has been used to study the proliferative characteristics of myeloid cells from patients with acute and chronic leukemia. A spectrum of qualitative abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation are characteristic of acute and chronic leukemias involving the myeloid series and are of value in classification of ‘unclassifiable’ leukemias. Correlations were observed between the initial growth pattern of leukemic cells and the subsequent remission rate. Reclassification of acute myeloid leukemia on the basis of growth pattern in vitro has allowed the detection of a substantial group of patients who are refractory to contemporary chemotherapy. Marrow culture and cell separation procedures applied to the acute leukemic termination of CML have revealed a subcategory of 17% of cases which did not display features of myeloid leukemia and the possibility that these represent early T-lymphocyte leukemias is discussed.
Imatinib is receptive to a collaboration.

Before the introduction of imatinib, biologic therapy with IFN-α was the most promising treatment option for CML because it induced durable remissions in a subset of chronic-phase patients. 1 However, because of its toxicity as well as its limited and unpredictable efficacy, IFN-α therapy has been displaced by Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors, which have limited toxicity and marked efficacy in the treatment of most CML patients.
Patient race/ethnicity and shared medical record use among diabetes patients

BACKGROUND Previous studies have documented racial/ethnic differences in patients' use of websites providing shared electronic medical records between patients and health care professionals. Less is known about whether these are driven by patient-level preferences and/or barriers versus broader provider or system factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study of diabetes patients in an integrated delivery system in 2008-2009. Primary measures were race/ethnicity and shared medical record (SMR) use. Covariates included sociodemographics (age, sex, income, education), health status (comorbidity, diabetes severity), and provider characteristics (encouragement of SMR, secure messaging use, clinic). RESULTS The majority (62%) of Whites used the SMR, compared with 34% of Blacks, 37% of Asians, and 55% of other race/ethnicity (P<0.001). Most respondents (76%) stated that their provider had encouraged them to use the SMR, with no differences by race/ethnicity. Patients saw primary care providers who used a similar amount of secure messaging in their practices-except Asians, who were less likely to see high-messaging providers. In fully adjusted models, Blacks [odds ratio (OR), 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.30] and Asians (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20-0.77) were significantly less likely than Whites to use the SMR. When restricted to individuals reporting at least occasional Internet use, this finding remained for Black respondents (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.63). CONCLUSIONS Among diabetes patients, differences in SMR use by race/ethnicity were not fully explained by differences in age, sex, sociodemographics, health status, or provider factors-particularly for Black patients. There were few racial/ethnic differences in provider encouragement or provider secure messaging use that would have suggested disparities at the provider level.
A Second Avifauna from the McKittrick Pleistocene

other root-lined nests contained no hair. One of these had a complete, thin, inner wall composed almost entirely of fine grass roots, except at the rim where old dead grass was used (19). Three of the nests may be classed as hair lined (horse or cow hairs). One of these contained some white hair lining (5), one was lined with brown horse sheddings (4), one was so thickly lined with hair that it completely covered the other nest material (6). Yet another pair of birds had lined their nest very nicely with white rabbit's fur (prairie hare or jack rabbit) (3). In one instance there was no fabricated nest structure, but only a mat of dead grass in the bottom of the excavation; the bare earth formed the only walls (9). Notes.-(a) 12, 16. (b) 7, 21. Some long hair-like roots in lining (8). Nicely lined with fine roots (13). Lined in bottom with fine grass roots (17).
Jet Noise Reduction for High Speed Exhaust Systems

Jet noise has been an environmental issue since the advent of jet aircraft. The past five decades have seen much research into solving this very difficult challenge for a variety of applications. The Supersonic Transport (SST), High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT), and a variety of supersonic business jet (SSBJ) applications all face significant jet noise challenges. Jet noise from high performance military aircraft has also received growing attention. The continuous drive to higher specific thrust results in increasing jet noise levels. Compounding this is that many military bases, Naval in particular, are located in desirable locations on the coast, and surrounding communities are encroaching closer to these bases. In this paper we will conduct a survey of some jet noise reduction technologies for high-speed exhaust systems investigated in the past, as well as some of the implementation issues associated with them. Specific technologies aimed at changing the mixing characteristics of the jet plume after it leaves the nozzle will be discussed in detail, including chevrons and fluidic injection. Other noise reduction technologies, such as the inverted velocity profile, and fluid shield can also change the mixing characteristics of the jet plume. This includes the added benefit of noise reflection or shielding. Measured data will be presented to show the effect these technologies have on high-speed jets.© 2008 ASME
Snack bar safety status and management strategies in nanchang university canteen

Purpose improves the safety of snack bar in university canteen,provide protection for teachers and students' health and food safety,provide solutions for food safety management.Method Thoroughly investigate in 310 snack Bars in 31 Nanchang university canteen.Result Snack bars which don't have food service license accounted for 68%;which don't have health certificate practitioners accounted for 7%;which layout and process unreasonable accounted for 61.9%;The tableware qualified rate is 67.9%,the affection of self-disinfection compared to centralized disinfection affection havestatistically significant.Conclusion Strengthen the snack bar practitioners' awareness of food safety in university canteen,encourage self-monitoring in university canteen,improve health facilities and supervision methods,intensify law enforcement,standardize enterprise behavior,strengthen preventive health supervision and regular health supervision.
Study on screening assay of metallo-beta-lactamase by synergic methods of antibiotic sensitivity

Objective To explore and establish a method for screening of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBLs) in clinical microbiology laboratories in order to choose antibiotics reasonably.Methods By using EDTA,CuCl_2,FeCl_2,2-MPA and MPA as enzyme inhibitor,and ceftazidime (CAZ) and imipenem (IMP) as the substrate,the synergic test of microbial sensitivity were performed by KB method on MH agar,and the results were compared with the results of metallo-beta-lactamase gene detection by PCR.Results There was 1 strain bacteria produced metallo-beta-lactamase in 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the results of synergic tests were consistent with those of PCR.There was synergistic effect between the discs contained EDTA,2-MPA or MPA and anyone of the two kinds of substrate in imipenem- or ceftazidime-resistance strain,and 2-MPA had the best effect.The disc containing CuCl_2 and FeCl_2 did not have synergic effect.Conclusion The method established is simple,credible and cost-saving,and is suitable for routine screening detection of metallo-beta-lactamase in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Comparison of opacimetric and hematocrit methods in measurement of mitochondrial swelling.

SummaryThe opacimetric and hematocrit methods for measuring relative mitochondrial volume are compared. Data from mitochondria swollen by exposure to hypotonic sucrose solutions demonstrate the validity of the simple opacimetric method, since, as osmolarity decreases, rate of increase in mitochondrial pellet volume approximates rate of decrease in optical density of the mitochondrial suspension. The results are discussed in terms of a current dispute regarding permeability of the mitochondrial membrane to sucrose.
Informatics. Using the Internet for forensic sciences.

The advent of the Internet as a global information network has provided the forensic and medical communities rapid and inexpensive access to database resources and services pertinent to a wide variety of specialties in these fields. This article summarizes the use of Internet structure as a method to increase accurate and timely interchange of information between personnel involved in the process of forensic medicine and science. It is intended to be elementary and of use to those unacquainted with Internet and the World Wide Web.
A SAR Pipeline ADC Embedding Time Interleaved DAC Sharing for Ultra-low Power Camera Front Ends

The growing need for ultra-low power cameras for sensors, surveillance and consumer applications has resulted in significant advances in compressed domain data acquisition from pixel arrays. In this journal we present a novel 64-input Successive Approximation (SAR) Pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) suitable for compressed domain data acquisition in camera front-ends. The proposed architecture features a time interleaved capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) shared between column parallel ADCs for area savings (2.28X); and a shared amplifier stage for power savings (60 %), achieving 4X throughput as compared to traditional architectures. Simulations on a 130 nm foundry process shows that the proposed SAR Pipeline ADC draws 31 \(\upmu \)W at 2 MS/s having a target Figure-of-Merit (FOM) of 87 fJ/conv. per step at Nyquist rate. The proposed compressive sensing front end achieves per patch energy per patch of 0.9 nJ.
Evaluation of ground, proximal and aerial remote sensing technologies for crop stress monitoring

Abstract: In this study, three different sensing technologies were evaluated for their performance in monitoring pinto beans crop stress at early stages. Treatments involved replicate pinto bean field plots with 50% and 100% irrigation throughout the season. Eight different pinto bean cultivars were seeded on the plots prepared with either strip or conventional tillage method. Evaluated technologies were a handheld linear ceptometer, and multi-spectral proximal and aerial remote sensing technologies. Spatial resolutions of the aerial remote sensing images acquired from 100 m above ground level (AGL) and the proximal sensing images acquired at 6.7 m AGL were 35.2 and 5.6 mm·pixel-1, respectively. Crop indictors of leaf area index (LAI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and canopy cover (CC) were extracted from the data of ceptometer and multispectral sensors collected at the early stages of pinto beans on July of 2015. Results show that spatial coverage of aerial remote sensing was thus 700 times larger than that of proximal remote sensing utilized in this study. GNDVI and CC data from both aerial and proximal remote sensing was able to discriminate crops with different irrigation and tillage treatment significantly at 5% level. Similarly, leaf area index (LAI) from ground sensor (ceptometer) was also able to distinguish effects of different irrigations, but could not differentiate tillage treatments. Correlation trends showed that the aerial remote sensing and ground sensing based indicators were strongly related with crop yield compared to proximal remote sensing based indicators. Although data were collected for natural light variations, possibly latter sensing module had more predominant light variation effect on image quality at different imaging times on given imaging day.
Estimation of resting state effective connectivity in epilepsy using direct-directed transfer function

There has been an increasing demand among neuroscientists to understand the complex network of functionally connected neural assemblies in the human brain. For this purpose, computational EEG research is widely used by researchers due to its remarkable advantage in providing high temporal resolution, and ease of analysis across different frequency bands. Here we analyzed Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals of electrodes placed on frontal-parietal neocortex brain region of 8 pediatric epileptic patients. In order to evaluate the directed causal relationship among different brain regions, we employed a Granger causality based multivariate connectivity estimator named direct Directed Transfer Function (dDTF) to identify signal propagations among the selected set of electrode in the frequency range 1–50Hz. A consistent network pattern emerged that was unique to each patient. The fidelity of such dDTF-derived connectivity patterns can support a clearer understanding of effective connectivity in epileptic networks.
Voice disorders and associated risk markers among young adults in the United States.

Objectives/Hypothesis To examine the prevalence of voice disorders in young adults and identify sociodemographic factors, health conditions, and behaviors associated with voice disorder prevalence. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Methods During home interviews, 14,794 young adults, aged 24 to 34 years, reported their health conditions and behaviors. Presence and duration of voice disorders were reported over the past 12 months. We computed overall and stratified prevalence estimates by age, gender, race/ethnicity, medical conditions, smoking, and alcohol use. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for a voice disorder while accounting for the complex sample design. Results Six percent of participants reported a voice disorder lasting at least 3 days. Females had 56% greater odds of voice disorders than males. Number of days drinking alcohol was associated with voice disorders, but number of smoking days was not. Conditions that increased the likelihood of voice disorders included hypertension (OR = 1.42 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.07-1.89]), tinnitus (OR = 1.53 [95% CI: 1.06-2.20]), and anxiety/panic disorder (OR = 1.26 [95% CI: 1.00-1.60]). Results were independent of gender, alcohol consumption, upper respiratory symptoms, and lower respiratory conditions including asthma, bronchitis/emphysema, and gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea/nausea/vomiting). Conclusions Voice disorders in young adulthood were associated with hypertension, tinnitus, and anxiety. Greater awareness of these relationships may facilitate voice evaluation among people who seek healthcare for these chronic conditions. Level of Evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 127:2093–2099, 2017
Abstract 172: Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by graphene oxide in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively explored as a promising nanomaterial for applications in biology because of its unique properties. Therefore, systematic investigation of GO toxicity is essential to determine its fate in the environment and potential adverse health effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of graphene oxide on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activity of certain liver enzymes (Alanine ALT, Aspartate AST, alkaline phosphatases ALP), and concentration of lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) in serum and histopathological evaluation of liver tissue in Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of five male rats were orally administered GOs, once a day for five days, with doses of 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg GO. A control group was also made of five rats. Blood and liver were collected 24 h after the last treatment following standard protocols. GO’s exposure increased the induction of ROS, the activities of the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), concentration of lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) and morphological alterations of the liver tissue in exposed groups compared to control. The highest two doses, 20 and 40 mg/kg, showed statistically significant (p Citation Format: Anita K. Patlolla, Paul B. Tchounwou. Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by graphene oxide in Sprague-Dawley Rats [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 172. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-172
Impact of Implementing a Multi-Model Set of Interventions on the Surveillance Rates of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is associated with increased healthcare cost, morbidity, and mortality. A multi-model set of interventions to decrease CAUTI rates (CAUTI Prevention Bundle) was initiated in our hospital in 2014–2015. The CAUTI Prevention Bundle consists of educational and behavioral interventions to improve placement, maintenance, and removal of catheters.
Cholestatic Liver Disease Related to Systemic Disorders

Cholestasis frequently results from systemic disorders in which the hepatic involvement is secondary or indirect. The objective of this chapter is to review major systemic conditions that are associated with cholestasis in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentations, and possible treatment. Conditions will be discussed in terms of the likely anatomic level of involvement e.g. at the level of the canaliculus, the intralobular ductules, and large intrahepatic bile ducts, emphasizing and highlighting common aspects of the pathophysiology of several of these processes.
Gratitude for teachers as a psychological resource for early adolescents: A mixed-methods study

In this mixed-methods study, we examine students’ gratitude for their teachers and the implications of that gratitude for their psychological adaptation. We report findings that gratitude for teach...
No Permanent Friends, No Permanent Enemies: Agonistic Ethos, Tactical Coalitions, and Sustainable Infrastructure:

Turbulent debates between divergent actors are part of the fiber of planning. One manifestation of tensions is the emergence of tactical coalitions with citizens finding common ground across the po...
On the sources of the Great Moderation: Role of monetary policy and intermediate inputs

Abstract Although the volatility of the U.S. economy has considerably decreased since the mid-80s, known as the Great Moderation, data shows a concomitant rise in the volatility of the hours worked and labor productivity relative to output. Interestingly, the sign of the correlation between employment and labor productivity has also changed from positive to negative. We develop a calibrated business cycles model in the New Keynesian tradition, featuring a Taylor-type monetary policy rule, and an input-output production structure. This approach fully explains changes in the volatility and comovement among output, employment, and labor productivity, without the need to invoke the good luck hypothesis. By combining efficient monetary policy with the structural change in the economy, we have succeeded in addressing the issue. We find that monetary policy, by itself, is able to account for the bulk of the changes in the data. However, it will be necessary to increase the share of intermediate inputs in gross output over time to ensure a full match with data.
Real-Time Covert Timing Channel Detection in Networked Virtual Environments

Despite extensive research on malware and Trojan horses, covert channels are still among the top computer security threats. These attacks, which are launched using specially-crafted content or by manipulating timing characteristics, transmit sensitive information to adversaries while remaining undetected. Current detection approaches typically analyze deviations from legitimate network traffic statistics. These approaches, however, are not applicable to highly dynamic, noisy environments, such as cloud computing environments, because they rely heavily on historical traffic and tedious model training. To address these challenges, we present a real-time, wavelet-based approach for detecting covert timing channels. The novelty of the approach comes from leveraging a secure virtual machine to mimic a vulnerable virtual machine. A key advantage is that the detection approach does not require historical traffic data. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach exhibits good overall performance, including a high detection rate and a low false positive rate.
Analysis of ethanol and acetaldehyde recovery from perchloric acid-treated blood.

Recovery of acetaldehyde (0–20 μM) or ethanol (0–50 mM) added to blood and subsequently treated with perchloric acid (PCA) was evaluated using head-space gas chromatography and compared with controls. Using blood from five dogs, 62% of ethanol binding sites. The mathematical model also indicated acetaldehyde binding is 2500-fold stronger than ethanol binding. These results indicate as much as 46.4% of acetaldehyde may be bound to PCA-induced precipitate formed in whole blood. This loss of acetaldehyde is 3- to 4-fold greater than acetaldehyde loss caused by evaporation from PCA-treated blood.
Parameter identifiability under approximation

The problem of injectivity of the parameter-to-state map is discussed for Galerkin approximations of a linear parabolic equation. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived and illustrated by means of simple examples. Finally, output least squares identifiability of the Galerkin approximations is discussed.
Gang and multiple rapes during military service: health consequences and health care.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine whether there were differences in women veteran's health status and use of health care services by type of rape that occurred during military service. METHODS: We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of women veterans who served in Vietnam and subsequent eras and were listed in Department of Veterans Affairs comprehensive women's health care registries. We used structured telephone interviews to gather socioeconomic information, violence history, use of outpatient health care services, and health status for a random sample, stratified by region and era of service. RESULTS: Five hundred forty women completed the interview, 28% of whom reported being raped during military service. Nineteen percent reported a single rape, 5% reported repeated rape (range 2-36), and 5% reported gang rape. Women who reported repeated and gang rapes had significantly impaired physical and emotional health compared with women with a single or no rape (p Language: en