cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SP0010 INFECTIOUS RISK AND MANAGEMENT OF VACCINATION

Background: O ver the years, awareness of vaccine-preventable infection in rheumatic diseases has increased. At the same time, the safety of vaccines is still a hot topic in the public arena. Large-scale registries with data on juvenile idiopathic arthritis or RA taking the combination of methotrexate and biologics have demonstrated an increased incidence of infections. EULAR recommendations for both vaccination in pediatric patients and adults with rheumatic diseases, provide evidence-based guidance based on data from published studies on safety and efficacy of vaccinations in adults and children with rheumatic conditions. Especially in children, few data exist on safety and efficacy of live-attenuated vaccines such as MMR. This is relevant given the decreasing vaccination coverage and occurrence of measles outbreakes Objectives: To provide an overview of vaccines used in patients groups with rheumatic conditions under medication such as MTX and or biologicals. Also we seek for evidence on adverse events, protection rates and persistence of protective antibody titers over time. From these studies general guidelines are proposed. Methods: Literature review of vaccination studies performed in adults and children. In addition the clinical practice of boostering of MMR in JIA patients under immunosuppressive therapy was investigated in several large academic pediatric centers across Europe. Thus 234 JIA patients were identified that received a MMR booster under MTX and or biologicals. Results: EULAR recommendations are updated for children and adults. For most vaccines it is adivised to follow the national vaccination guidelines. Non-live vaccines can be safely provided to AIIRD patients under immunomodulating treatments, whereas the administration of live attenuated vaccines should be avoided under immunomodulating treatment, with the possible exceptions of herpes zoster and MMR. In 234 children with JIA who received the MMR booster while using MTX and or a Biological only 7 of adverse events were reported. Adverse events reported were mild (skin reaction, mild fever, urinary tract infection. There was no relation between disease activity, disease type or duration, sex, age and outcome of vaccinations. Vaccination status of patients with rheumatic conditions should be assessed annually. Live attenuated vaccines should be avoided during the first 6 months of life in newborns of mothers treated with biologics during the second half of pregnancy. Conclusion: The EULAR recommendations of 2011 are currently updated and will provide an up-to-date guidance on the management of vaccinations in patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. There is still a scartity of data on safety and efficay of live attenuated vaccines under biologicals. The next challenge is the implementation into the clinical practice of health professionals across Europe. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Alone in Doing Good? Board Interlock Network and CSR Performance of US Firms, 2003-2013

Despite strong evidence on the embeddedness of economic actions in social structure, research on why firms engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) has not adequately considered how inter-fi...
Spectroscopic photonic force optical coherence elastography

We demonstrate spectroscopic photonic force optical coherence elastography (PF-OCE). Oscillations of microparticles embedded in viscoelastic hydrogels were induced by harmonically modulated optical radiation pressure and measured by phase-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. PF-OCE can detect microparticle displacements with pico- to nano-meter sensitivity and millimeter-scale volumetric coverage. With spectroscopic PF-OCE, we quantified viscoelasticity over a broad frequency range from 1 Hz to 7 kHz, revealing rich microstructural dynamics of polymer networks across multiple microrheological regimes. Reconstructed frequency-dependent loss moduli of polyacrylamide hydrogels were observed to follow a general power scaling law G′′∼ω0.75, consistent with that of semiflexible polymer networks. Spectroscopic PF-OCE provides an all-optical approach to microrheological studies with high sensitivity and high spatiotemporal resolution, and could be especially beneficial for time-lapse and volumetric mechanical characterization of viscoelastic materials.
In-Cell Sensitivity-Enhanced NMR of Intact Viable Mammalian Cells

NMR has the resolution and specificity to determine atomic-level protein structures of isotopically labeled proteins in complex environments, and with the sensitivity gains conferred by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), NMR has the sensitivity to detect proteins at their endogenous concentrations. However, DNP sensitivity enhancements are critically dependent on experimental conditions and sample composition. While some of these conditions are theoretically compatible with cellular viability, the effects of others on cellular sample integrity are unknown. Uncertainty about the integrity of cellular samples limits the utility of experimental outputs of in-cell experiments. Using several measures, we establish conditions that support DNP enhancements that can enable detection of micromolar concentrations of proteins in experimentally tractable times that are compatible with cellular viability. Taken together, we establish DNP-assisted MAS NMR as a technique for structural investigations of biomolecules in intact viable cells that can be phenotyped both before and after NMR experiments.
Investigation of hardness behavior after carburizing and hardening of 15CrNi6 steel

DIN 15CrNi6 is the most representative grade of the case-hardened steels. The present work analyses the influence of carburizing time on hardness of the specific steel. Specimens with similar chemical composition were heated at 900°C in liquid carbonaceous media for one, two, three and four hours, correspondingly. Then samples were oil quenched and tempered at 180°C for two hours. Microhardness was measured across the carburized zone and case profiles were acquired. The effective case depth was determined as function of carburizing holding time. Core macro hardness was carried out and the impact of holding time on the substrate hardness was discussed. The optimum case depth was defined and the carburizing parameters determined. The hardness control is critical in case hardening practice and results provide practical information to heat treaters, useful both to control the treatment parameters and to minimize the risk of failure.
TU-CD-207-09: Analysis of the 3-D Shape of Patients’ Breast for Breast Imaging and Surgery Planning

Purpose: Develop a method to accurately capture the 3-D shape of patients’ external breast surface before and during breast compression for mammography/tomosynthesis. Methods: During this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study, 50 women were recruited to undergo 3-D breast surface imaging during breast compression and imaging for the cranio-caudal (CC) view on a digital mammography/breast tomosynthesis system. Digital projectors and cameras mounted on tripods were used to acquire 3-D surface images of the breast, in three conditions: (a) positioned on the support paddle before compression, (b) during compression by the compression paddle and (c) the anterior-posterior view with the breast in its natural, unsupported position. The breast was compressed to standard full compression with the compression paddle and a tomosynthesis image was acquired simultaneously with the 3-D surface. The 3-D surface curvature and deformation with respect to the uncompressed surface was analyzed using contours. The 3-D surfaces were voxelized to capture breast shape in a format that can be manipulated for further analysis. Results: A protocol was developed to accurately capture the 3-D shape of patients’ breast before and during compression for mammography. Using a pair of 3-D scanners, the 50 patient breasts were scanned in three conditions, resulting in accurate representations of the breast surfaces. The surfaces were post processed, analyzed using contours and voxelized, with 1 mm3 voxels, converting the breast shape into a format that can be easily modified as required. Conclusion: Accurate characterization of the breast curvature and shape for the generation of 3-D models is possible. These models can be used for various applications such as improving breast dosimetry, accurate scatter estimation, conducting virtual clinical trials and validating compression algorithms. Ioannis Sechopoulos is consultant for Fuji Medical Systems USA.
Dopamine Transporter Imaging in Psychogenic Parkinsonism and Neurodegenerative Parkinsonism with Psychogenic Overlay: A Report of Three Cases

Background: Differentiating psychogenic parkinsonism from neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (PD) with psychogenic features is a diagnostic challenge. Case report: We report a detailed longitudinal clinical description of three cases presenting with suspected psychogenic parkinsonism. Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) was used as a supplemental diagnostic study and influenced clinical management. Discussion: DAT-SPECT quantified the integrity of the striatal dopaminergic system in these cases of clinically uncertain parkinsonism and supported clinical decision-making.
Relationship Between Ignition Processes and the Lift-Off Length of Diesel Fuel Jets

The reaction zone of a diesel fuel jet stabilizes at a location downstream of the fuel injector once the initial autoignition phase is over. This distance is referred to as flame lift-off length. Recent investigations have examined the effects of a wide range of parameters (injection pressure, orifice diameter, and ambient gas temperature, density and oxygen concentration) on lift-off length under quiescent diesel conditions. Many of the experimental trends in lift-off length were in agreement with scaling laws developed for turbulent, premixed flame propagation in gas-jet lifted flames at atmospheric conditions. However, several effects did not correlate with the gas-jet scaling laws, suggesting that other mechanisms could be important to lift-off stabilization at diesel conditions. This paper shows experimental evidence that ignition processes affect diesel lift-off stabilization. Experiments were performed in the same optically-accessible combustion vessel as the previous lift-off research. The experimental results show that the ignition quality of a fuel affects lift-off. Fuels with shorter ignition delays generally produce shorter lift-off lengths. In addition, a cool flame is found upstream of, or near the same axial location as, the quasi-steady lift-off length, indicating that first-stage ignition processes affect lift-off. High-speed chemiluminescence imaging also shows that high-temperature self-ignition occasionallymore » occurs in kernels that are upstream of, and detached from, the high-temperature reaction zone downstream, suggesting that the lift-off stabilization is not by flame propagation into upstream reactants in this instance. Finally, analysis of the previous lift-off length database shows that the time-scale for jet mixing from injector-tip orifice to lift-off length collapses to an Arrhenius-type expression, a common method for describing ignition delay in diesel sprays. This Arrhenius-based lift-off length correlation shows comparable accuracy as a previous power-law fit of the No.2 diesel lift-off length database.« less
Spatial properties of network-mediated response of retinal ganglion cells to electric stimulation

Retinal prosthetics consistently demonstrate the ability to restore limited visual perception to those blinded from outer retinal degenerative diseases. However, the performance of retinal implants is highly inconsistent and high-density arrays have proven only marginally better than much sparser ones suggesting that improving the overall quality of elicited vision may require more than just a high density electrode array. Existing devices are also implanted subretinally and epiretinally raising the possibility that electrode location also contributes to percept quality. Here, we compared the responses to stimulation from subretinal and epiretinal electrodes in the same cell. Use of a 4×4 subretinal electrode array allowed us to also compare responses to different numbers of electrodes activated simultaneously. Surprisingly, responses showed minimal dependence of both the electrode position (epiretinal vs. subretinal) as well as on electrode size (one vs. up to nine electrodes). However, when charge density considerations are implemented, such as those that are necessary during clinical use, the responses arising from smaller electrodes were less effective. This finding may help to explain the inconsistency between theoretical visual acuity and achievement in clinical testing with the high density implanted arrays.
From analysis to design

Research in formal methods has emphasized analysis techniques for system verification and testing. Despite the successful and growing integration of tools using formal methods into production design flows, there is very limited use of formal methods for design per se. This is understandable, given the considerable complexity of synthesis relative to analysis. Direct synthesis may not be the only way formal methods could contribute more significantly to design, however. Most tools used for design are actually analysis tools that have been extended in various ways to provide information useful for design, such as sensitivities from numerical optimization and simulation. Using embedded control systems as an application context, this plenary talk will review how analysis tools, including formal methods, are currently used in the design flow. We will then suggest research directions for strengthening the use of formal methods for design. One approach will be illustrated using extensions to a recently developed abstraction-based method for verifying linear hybrid automata with a large number of continuous state variables.
Dementia as a risk factor for homicide

We report a patient with dementia due to B-12 deficiency and syphilis who presented to a forensic hospital after killing his ex-wife with a gun. Despite current awareness on the occurrence of aggression and violence in patients with dementia, there has been no report discussing dementia secondary to an infectious or nutritional origin causing homicide or severe violent behavior. We discuss possible mechanisms and several predisposing factors for violent behavior in the elderly. We also discuss use and access of a gun in demented patients and its complications. We recommend availability of neuropsychiatric assessments in the elderly, limitation of gun access to demented patients and inquiry about weapon possession in the elderly.
Control structure of a 4/spl times/4 by 40 Gbit/sec ATM switch

This paper discusses the control architecture of a very high performance 4-input, 4-output asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch that has been designed as part of the ARPA-sponsored "Thunder and Lightning" project at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This research project is focused on the design and prototype demonstration of ATM links and switches operating at or above 40 gigabits per second per link (TDM), with potential scalability to 100 Gbit/sec. Such aggressive link rates place severe requirements on the switch architecture, particularly the buffering scheme. We discuss the control paths and techniques used in this ATM switch and describe reasons for the main design choices.
A decentralized optimization algorithm for multiagent system-based watershed management

[1] A watershed can be simulated as a multiagent system (MAS) composed of spatially distributed land and water users (agents) within a common defined environment. The watershed system is characterized by distributed decision processes at the agent level with a coordination mechanism organizing the interactions among individual decision processes at the system level. This paper presents a decentralized (distributed) optimization method known as constraint-based reasoning, which allows individual agents in an MAS to optimize their behaviors over various alternatives. The method incorporates the optimization of all agents' objectives through an interaction scheme, in which the ith agent optimizes its objective with a selected priority for collaboration and forwards the solution and consequences to all agents that interact with it. Agents are allowed to determine how important their own objectives are in comparison with the constraints, using a local interest factor (βi). A large βi value indicates a selfish agent who puts high priority on its own benefit and ignores collaboration requirements. This bottom-up problem-solving approach mimics real-world watershed management problems better than conventional “top-down” optimization methods in which it is assumed that individual agents will completely comply with any recommendations that the coordinator makes. The method is applied to a steady state hypothetical watershed with three off-stream human agents, one in-stream human agent (reservoir), and two ecological agents.
Tumor Cell Senescence in Cancer Treatment

Cell senescence is broadly defined as the physiological program of terminal growth arrest, which can be triggered by alterations of telomeres or by different forms of stress. Neoplastic transformation involves events that inhibit the program of senescence, and tumor cells were believed until recently to have lost the ability to senesce. It has now become apparent, however, that tumor cells can be readily induced to undergo senescence by genetic manipulations or by treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, or differentiating agents. Treatment-induced senescence, which has both similarities with, and differences from, replicative senescence of normal cells, was shown to be one of the key determinants of tumor response to therapy in vitro and in vivo. Although senescent cells do not proliferate, they remain metabolically active and produce secreted proteins with both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activities. Expression of tumor-promoting factors by senescent cells is mediated, at least in part, by senescence-associated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1). Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that expression of different biological classes of senescence-associated growth-regulatory genes in tumor cells has significant prognostic implications. Elucidation of the genes and regulatory mechanisms that determine different aspects of tumor senescence makes it possible to design new therapeutic approaches to improving the efficacy and to decreasing the side effects of cancer therapy.
Noisy timing channels with binary inputs and outputs

We develop the algebraic theory of timed capacity for channels with binary inputs and outputs in the presence of noise, by obtaining a formula for capacity in terms of the unique solution of a nonlinear algebraic equation. We give provably correct numerical algorithms for solving this equation, specifically tailored toward calculating capacity. We use our results to establish that information theory has an inherent discontinuity in it: the function which assigns the unique capacity achieving distribution to the noise matrix of a binary channel has no continuous extension to the set of all noise matrices. Our results provide new formulae in the case of untimed binary channels as well. Our results are important in the study of real-world systems, such as the NRL Network Pump® system and traffic analysis in anonymity systems.
Evaluation of patient medication counseling sources.

Seven sources of information on patient medication counseling were evaluated. Each source was reviewed for inclusion of five types of information on 20 drugs selected randomly from the top 200 prescription drugs. The ASHP's Medication Teaching Manual was the most complete source in terms of including the largest number of sample drugs. Apelgren and Rowles's Handbook for Counseling Patients on Their Medications, Griffith's Drug Information for patients, Maudlin and Young's Drug Consultation Guide, and Smith's Medication Guide for Patient Counseling were nearly as complete in this regard. In terms of including information in each of the five categories for the sample drugs, the U.S. Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information and the Medication Teaching Manual ranked highest. Cost, size, format, and indexing of the sources are compared, and special features and limitations of the source are presented. All the publications are at least adequate patient counseling sources, although some are more complete and thorough than others.
State-dependent alteration of respiratory cycle timing by stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala

The effect of electrical stimulation of the amygdaloid central nucleus (ACE) on respiration was studied in unanesthetized, unrestrained cats during sleep-waking states. Single 0.5-ms 500-microA constant-current pulses delivered to the ACE at various points on the respiratory cycle, produced a transient inspiratory effort which summated with ongoing inspiratory activity and reduced inspiratory time. Stimulus pulses delivered during the expiratory phase resulted in an earlier shift to inspiration. Repetitive single pulse stimuli delivered to the ACE at a rate slightly faster than the spontaneous respiratory cycle during the alert state, were capable of 'entraining' respiration at the stimulus frequency. This entrainment disappeared in quiet sleep. Atropine, however, which produced synchronous high voltage slow waves and 12-14-Hz EEG spindle activity in the alert cat, did not impair this entrainment. Short (300-500 ms) 100-Hz trains of 0.5-ms pulses to the ACE produced rapid onset, sustained inspiration and a rise in blood pressure in the alert animal. During quiet sleep the response was attenuated but qualitatively similar, and also aroused the animal. Single pulse stimuli, however, were not associated with cardiovascular changes or generalized arousal. These results suggest that the ACE contributes to excitation of the inspiratory cycle, possibly through the large projection of this nucleus to the parabrachial pons.
Inlet characteristics of bioaerosol samplers

Abstract The inlet sampling characteristics of several commercial bioaerosol samplers operating in indoor and outdoor environments have been analyzed by use of available and newly developed equations for sampling efficiency. With a focus on the physical aspects of sampling efficiency, the aspiration and transmission efficiencies have been calculated for the bioaerosol particle size range 1–30 μm, which represents single bacteria, bacteria aggregates, bacteria carrying particles, fungal spores, yeast, and pollen. Under certain sampling conditions, the bioaerosol concentration was found to be significantly over- or underestimated. At wind velocities between 0 and 500 cm s−1, calculations show that the AGI-30 would sample 1–10 μm particles with an inlet sampling efficiency of 20–100%. The entrance efficiency of the 6-stage Andersen viable sampler is 90–150% when sampling isoaxially with respect to horizontal aerosol flows, and 8–100% when oriented vertically at a right angle to the horizontal aerosol flow. For the Burkard portable air sampler, an even wider range of deviation may occur. The bioaerosol samplers used for large particles such as pollen are even less accurate: e.g. 10 times the ambient concentration of Lycopodium spores has been calculated to be aspirated by the Lanzoni sampler when operated at 0.5 1 min−1 facing the wind at wind velocity of about 500 cm s−1. The actual bioaerosol concentration can be calculated from the measured data by use of the indicated procedures. The sampling efficiency graphs presented can be used to bracket the sampling conditions that enable the investigator to avoid or minimize significant sampling biases for each sampler. The findings can also be used for the design of new samplers or for improving commercially available samplers.
Preliminary experience with the implantable transvenous cardioverter.

Un choc synchronise d'energie inferieure a 2 joules delivrea travers un catheter specialement concu a cet effet peut terminer une tachycardie ventriculaire soutenue chez le chien et l'homme. Une telle fonction est programee dans un boitier de 95 grammes, impiante sous anesthesie locale a la xylocaine, capable par ailleurs de stimulation VVI et d'effectuer des etudes electrophysiologiques. Sept patients ont recu ce boitier et J'experience initiale est rapportee. A synchronized shock of ≤2.0 joules delivered over a specially designed catheter electrode passed to the apex of the right ventricle effectively terminates sustained ventricular tachycardia in dogs and in patients. The capability has been engineered into a 95 gram device implanted using lidocaine anesthesia, which is also capable of VVI pacing and of performing programmed electrophysiologic studies. Seven patients have received the implant and the initial experience is described.
Transport and Trapping on a One-Dimensional Disordered Lattice

Abstract Exact solutions are obtained for the incoherent tranport and trapping of particles moving through a one-dimensional disordered solid, containing a fraction p of broken bonds and a concentration x of deep traps.
Bioavailability of jarosite for stimulating acid mine drainage attenuation

Biological reduction of iron-sulfate minerals, such as jarosite, has the potential to contribute to the natural attenuation of acid mine drainage (AMD) sites. Previous studies of AMD attenuation at Davis Mine, an abandoned pyrite mine in Rowe Massachusetts, provided evidence of iron and sulfate reduction by indigenous bacteria. Jarosite is a large component of the sediment at Davis Mine and may play a role in AMD attenuation. In this study, microcosms were constructed with groundwater and sediment from Davis Mine and amended with glycerol, nitrogen and phosphorus (GNP) and naturally formed natrojarosite. Over time, higher total iron, sulfate, pH and sodium concentrations and lower oxidation–reduction potentials were observed in microcosms amended with GNP and jarosite, compared with unamended microcosms and killed controls. Geochemical modeling predicted jarosite precipitation under microcosm conditions, suggesting that abiotic processes were unlikely contributors to jarosite dissolution. SEM imaging at the jarosite surface showed microbial attachment. Microbial community composition analysis revealed a shift to higher populations of Clostridia, which are known to reduce both iron and sulfate. The results show that jarosite may be utilized as an electron acceptor by iron and/or sulfate reducing bacteria at Davis Mine and its presence may aid in the attenuation of AMD.
Increased Prevalence of Alcoholism in Relatives of Depressed and Bipolar Children

ABSTRACT Objective Previous publications from the “Nortriptyline in Childhood Depression: Follow-up Study” reported increased prevalence rates of mood disorders and alcoholism in the relatives of prepubertal depressed subjects. This article presents data on the association versus independent transmission of alcohol and mood disorders in the families of these subjects. Method The follow-up study included 6- to 12-year-olds with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched normal controls. After 2 to 5 years of follow-up, bipolarity developed in 31.7% of the MDD subjects. Family history data for the first- and second-degree relatives and first cousins of the 76 nonadopted MDD subjects and the 31 controls were obtained from the subjects' mothers, using the Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria. Results The prevalence of alcoholism among the relatives of the MDD and bipolar probands was two to three times that reported for control relatives and twice that reported for the relatives of adult MDD and bipolar probands. Mood disorders and maternal alcoholism were independently transmitted while paternal alcoholism increased the risk for mood disorder in offspring. Conclusions The potential psychosocial and genetic effects of familial alcoholism need to be considered for the clinical management and investigation of childhood-onset mood disorders.
State of the art in studying protein folding and protein structure prediction using molecular dynamics methods.

Abstract This study presents an overview of the state of the art in using molecular dynamics methods to simulate protein folding and in the end game of protein structure prediction. In principle, these methods should allow the highest level of detail possible and the highest accuracy, but they are limited by both the accuracy of the force field used in the simulation and the sampling possible in the available computer time. We describe current capabilities in running the simulations longer and more efficiently. © 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.
Campath induction in HCV and HCV/HIV-seropositive kidney transplant recipients.

Summary Alemtuzumab (AZ) induction in hepatitis C-seropositive (HCV+) kidney transplant (KTX) recipients may negatively affect patient survival; however, available information is scant. Using US registry data from 2003 to 2010 of adult HCV+ deceased-donor KTXs (n = 4910), we examined outcomes by induction agent – AZ (n = 294), other T cell-depleting agents, (n = 2033; T cell), IL-2 receptor blockade (n = 1135; IL-2RAb), and no induction (n = 1448). On multivariate analysis, induction therapy was associated with significantly better overall patient survival with AZ [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45, 0.92], T cell (aHR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41, 0.65) or IL-2RAb (aHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53, 0.87), compared to no induction. A significant protective effect was also seen with AZ (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40, 0.99), T cell (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49, 0.78), and IL2R-Ab (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47, 0.82) in terms of death-censored graft survival relative to no induction. There were 88 HIV+/HCV+ coinfected recipients. Compared to noninduction, any induction (i.e. three induction groups combined) was associated with similar overall patient survival (P = 0.2255) on univariate analysis. Induction therapy with AZ, other T cell-depleting agents, or IL-2RAb in HCV+ KTX is associated with better patient and death-censored graft survival compared to noninduction. In HCV/HIV coinfected patients, induction is not contraindicated.
Maternally inherited architecture in tertiary leaf beetles: paleoichnology of cryptocephaline fecal cases in Dominican and Baltic amber

Complex ethological adaptations and intraspecific interactions leave few fossil traces. We document three Dominican (20 million years old [myo]) and Baltic (45 myo) amber fossils that exhibit firm evidence of highly integrated interactions between mothers and offspring in the diverse camptosomate lineage of beetles (Chrysomelidae, leaf beetles). As in contemporary species, these hard cases were initially constructed by mothers, then inherited and retained by offspring, which then elaborate this protective domicile with an unusual but economical building material, their feces. The three fossils are classified in the Subfamily Cryptocephalinae; two are classified in the tribe Chlamisini based on morphological evidence—the flattened head lacking a sharp keel and long legs with simple recurved untoothed claws. These diagnostic features are not clearly visible in the third specimen to permit more refined identification. These fossils provide more precise paleontological dating of tribal nodes within the cryptocephaline radiation of leaf beetles. These fossils are the first and earliest evidence of mother–offspring interaction, building behavior, and fecal recycling in Camptosomata beetles and of inheritance of architectural structures in beetles.
System Reliability: Exact Bayesian Intervals Compared with Fiducial Intervals

This paper compares numerically two different, widely used lower limit estimates for the reliability of a series system: Bayesian limits and fiducial limits. The fiducial limits are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation because of its simplicity and ease of computer programming. Subsystem failures are s-independent and exponentially distributed; life test data are available for estimating the failure rate of each system.
A revised treatment typology based on the DARP.

(1975). A Revised Treatment Typology Based on the DARP. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 37-50.
Are Adolescents Changed by an Episode of Major Depression

ABSTRACT Objective This Study examined whether adolescents having a first onset of major depression are changed by the experience (i.e., does having an episode of depression result in residual effects that did not exist before the episode?). Method Among 1,507 community adolescents assessed at two time points approximately 1 year apart, 45 experienced and recovered from a first episode of depression between the two assessments. These adolescents were contrasted with never-depressed control subjects on an array of depression-related psychosocial variables before and after the episode. Results Psychosocial scars (characteristics evident after but not before the episode) included internalizing behavior problems, stressful major life events, excessive emotional reliance on others, cigarette smoking, and subsyndromal depression symptoms. Both before and after the episode, the depressed adolescents reported an elevated level of physical health problems. Conclusions More scars were found in the present study than in previous research with formerly depressed adults. This is consistent with the hypothesis that early-onset depression is a more pernicious from on the disorder that may impact adolescents more severely than adults.
Data conditioning for gravitational wave detectors: A Kalman filter for regressing suspension violin modes

Interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate by sensing the differential light travel time between free test masses. Correspondingly, they are sensitive to anything that changes the physical distance between the test masses, including physical motion of the masses themselves. In ground-based detectors the test masses are suspended as pendula, in order that they be approximately ``free'' above the pendulumn frequency. Still, thermal or other excitations of the suspension wires' violin modes do impart a force on the masses that appears as a strong, albeit narrow-band, ``signal'' in the detectors waveband. Gravitational waves, on the other hand, change the distance between the test masses without disturbing the suspensions. Consequently, violin modes can confound attempts to observe gravitational waves since ``signals'' that are correlated with a disturbance of the suspension violin modes are not likely due to a passing gravitational wave. Here we describe the design of a Kalman filter that determines the time-dependent vibrational state of a detector's suspension ``violin'' modes from time dependent observations of the detector output. From the estimated state we can predict that component of the detector output due to suspension excitations, thermal or otherwise. The wire state can be examined for evidence of suspension disturbances that might, in the absence of such a diagnostic, be mistaken for gravitational wave signals. Additionally, from the wire state we can subtractively remove the contribution from suspension disturbances, thermal or otherwise, from the detector output, leaving a residual free from this instrumental artifact. We demonstrate the filter's effectiveness both through numerical simulations and application to real data taken on the LIGO 40 M prototype detector.
Does Subculture Within a Country Matter? A Cross-Cultural Study of Motivational Domains and Business Performance in Brazil

This study examines the effects of within-country subcultures on business outcomes. We first argue that individuals' values vary across subcultures. We then suggest that values, as expressed through motivational domains, influence business performance. Finally, joining these two propositions, we posit that business performance will vary by subculture. Based on data from four regional subcultures in Brazil, a subculture effect was found for both motivational domains and business performance. The results suggest that it is important to consider the cultural variation within a country when examining business outcomes.
NADH-linked fumarate reductase and NADH dehydrogenase activities in Fibrobacter succinogenes

Crude membrane preparation fromFibrobacter succinogenes S85 were investigated and found to contain NADH dehydrogenase (NADH:decylubiquinone oxidoreductase) and NADH-linked fumarate reductase activities. Under aerobic conditions the maximum NADH dehydrogenase activity (252 nmoles/min/mg protein) was ten times greater than that of NADH-fumarate reductase (23 nmoles/min/mg protein). NADH-fumarate reductase was strongly inhibited by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HOQNO), rotenone, HgCl2, ando-phenanthroline. Inhibition of the NADH dehydrogenase by the first three compounds, particularly rotenone, accounted for most of the effects on NADH-fumarate reductase. The α-band of ab-type cytochrome was resolved into two cytochromes, a cytochromeb 560 (oxidized by addition of HOQNO) and a cytochromeb 563 (oxidized by subsequent addition of fumarate).
Employment and industrialization in developing countries

I. Introduction, 88. â€” II. Growth of manufacturing production and employment, 90. â€” III. Problem of maximizing the output from capital in developing countries, 93. â€” IV. The effective supply of labor and capital-intensive techniques of production, 97. â€” V. No drastic rule to introduce the latest labor-saving techniques of advanced industrial countries, 102. â€” VI. Conclusion, 104.
Transplantation of cultured type 1 astrocyte cell suspensions into young, adult and aged rat cortex: cell migration and survival.

Abstract The present study examined the fate and migration of transplanted astrocytes in different host ages. Additionally, the effect of donor cell age was examined in relation to cell migration. Cultured astrocytes from 5,12 and 30 days in vitro were transplanted into young (postnatal day 5 and 21), adult (4.5 month), and aged (21 month) animals. The transplanted cells were labeled with Fast Blue, Fluorogold or DiI. The results confirmed previous studies demonstrating that transplanted cells were able to migrate successfully through host central nervous system and extended those findings to show that the age of the host significantly influenced donor cell migration distance. Migration was most extensive in young animals, as conditions supporting cell migration appeared to be lacking in older animals. Donor cells preferentially migrated on myelinated fiber tracts, rather than on unmyelinated fiber tracts or gray matter. The donor cells were not glial fibrillary acidic protein positive, indicating that either the cultured type 1 astrocytes did not survive transplantation or underwent significant remodeling of the intermediate filament network. It is also possible that a subpopulation of cells, possibly immature astrocytes which are present in the transplanted cell suspensions, flourished and subsequently migrated in the host brains.
Antibodies to sea anemone nematocyst venom--II. Neutralization of the hemolytic, phospholipase A2 and lethal activities by purified antibodies produced in response to attenuated venom.

Abstract D. A. Hessinger and R. I. Grove . Antibodies to sea anemone nematocyst venom—II. Neutralization of the hemolytic, phospholipase A 2 and lethal activities by purified antibodies produced in response to attenuated venom. Toxicon 17, 109–120, 1979.—The IgG class of antibodies was purified from rabbit serum following the primary immune response to attenuated nematocyst venom from the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida . This immune IgG fraction was judged to be pure immunoglobulin class G by serological and electrophoretic criteria. The amounts of immune IgG which specifically inhibited the hemolytic, phospholipase A 2 and lethal activities of the venom were determined and related to the possible mechanisms of hemolysis and mouse lethality. The i.v. mouse ld 50 of active anemone venom was 136 μg/kg, making it the most toxic of the reported cnidarian venoms. The implications of the rapid onset of toxic symptoms and the very steep dose-response curve are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of lethality.
Synthesis of polyphosphazene random copolymers bearing alkoxyethoxy and trifluoroethoxy functional groups

The anionically initiated copolymerization of (CH3OCH2CH2O)(CF3CH2O)2 P=N-Si(CH3)3, (CH3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2O)(CF3CH2O)2 P=N-Si(CH3)3, (CH3OCH2CH2O)2 (CF3CH2O) P=N-Si(CH3)3, and (CH3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2O)2 (CF3CH2O) P=N-Si(CH3)3 with (CF3CH2O)3 P=N-Si(CH3)3 is reported. These materials were characterized by31P and1H NMR, SEC, and DSC.In situ 31P NMR studies indicate that monomers are simultaneously consumed, SEC traces show that these random copolymers exhibit monomodal distributions, and there is a gradient in solubilities as well as thermal and mechanical properties which is dependent upon the repeating unit ratios.
Ice detector evaluation for aircraft hazard warning and undercooled water content measurements

A Rosemount ice detector was installed on a Research Aviation Facility Queen Air for evaluation. It was used during a winter stratus cloud experiment at Muskegon, Mien. (1978) and during a cumulus cloud experiment (HIPLEX) in 1980 at Big Spring, Tex. Results indicate that the detector is an extremely sensitive instrument with a reasonable dynamic range. The instrument will provide a measure of icing severity and valid computed water content values only for conditions of small water content and/or low temperature. The dynamic range of this measurement technique for stratus cloud studies is probably adequate; its use at temperatures of -5 to -10 °C in cumulus clouds will provide only a relative measure of icing severity and large underestimates of the computed liquid water content.
A 59-year-old woman with fever, cough, and eosinophilia

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS The patient is a 59-year-old woman with a history of asthma diagnosed 10 years ago and chronic sinusitis who presented for evaluation of a 1-month history of intermittent fevers with temperatures to 101.5°F, cough productive of white phlegm, and diffuse myalgias. One day before admission, the patient developed dyspnea at rest that did not respond to inhaled albuterol at home. The fevers and cough persisted despite a 2-week course of levofloxacin. Six years before the current hospital admission, the patient was admitted to an outside hospital with similar complaints and erythematous, scaly lesions on the extensor surfaces of her metacarpophalangeal and elbow joints bilaterally. Her inpatient workup included blood tests, chest computed tomography (CT), fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and transesophageal echocardiography. The patient had never been hospitalized for an asthma exacerbation, but she had required 2 emergency department visits for increased asthma symptoms. She had also been treated with oral corticosteroids more than 20 times for asthma exacerbations while concurrently being prescribed inhaled corticosteroids. However, the patient admitted to being noncompliant with both inhaled corticosteroid therapy and physician appointments for management of her asthma. During the previous asthma exacerbations that required treatment with oral corticosteroids, the patient denied having fevers, myalgias, or anorexia. On review of systems, the patient complained of fatigue, anorexia, and a 15-lb weight loss during the past 2 months. There was no history of hemoptysis. She had noted intermittent watery diarrhea and reflux symptoms for 1 year.
Attitudes toward the employment of mothers of preschoolers: Implications for child care

With increasing numbers of mothers entering the work force, including mothers of preschool age children, the policies that guide child care have yet to provide adequate services for large numbers of families. In this article, we investigate several possibilities for this delay in services by focusing on current attitudes toward maternal employment and certain factors that may influence these attitudes. We look at whether mothers and fathers differ on this issue and what, if any, demographic, situational, and values characteristics, may be influencing these attitudes. The implications for policy changes affecting child care services are discussed within this context.
We wanted to take real information: public engagement and regional survey at Petra, Jordan

AbstractSince 2010 the Brown University Petra Archaeological Project (BUPAP) has been conducting a diachronic regional survey of the landscape north of Petra. In 2013 the authors conducted ethnographic interviews with members of the local communities surrounding Petra, the Bdul and Ammarin Bedouin tribes of Umm Sayhun and Bayda. These interviews aimed to understand contemporary engagements with, and attitudes towards, a landscape that has overwhelmingly been valued for its archaeological and heritage resources. This article combines regional survey and ethnographic methodologies in order to construct complex, multivocal narratives about archaeological remains. We also suggest locally appropriate modes of advocacy that archaeologists might productively pursue at Petra. In particular the results of our project highlight the importance of integrating the historically underrepresented voices of local groups into dialogues concerning conservation, water management and tourism, as well as diachronic interpretat...
Female discrimination of male odors correlated with male genotype at the T locus: a response to T-locus or H-2-locus variability?

Female house mice (Mus musculus), derived from several populations of wild-caught mice, were tested for their ability to discriminate between males whose genotype at the T locus was +/+ and those whose genotype was +/t, using odor cues alone. Females spent more time near the odors or +/+ males than near the odors of +/t males. This preference was independent of the T-locus genotype of the female and the particular type of t allele carried by either the male or the female. A female's preference, however, did appear to be related to the genotype of her parents. Females with one +/t parent were more likely to prefer +/t males than were females whose parents were both +/+. In a second experiment 18 females were tested with odors from soiled bedding of recombinant males whose genotype varied at the T locus but who were similar at the H-2 locus. As a control, these 18 females were also tested with bedding of wild-derived +/+ and +/tw semilethal males. Females tested with recombinant males preferred odors of males not carrying lethal t alleles over those of males carrying two lethal t alleles, indicating that T-locus variability, not H-2-locus variability, is responsible for odor differences between +/+ and +/t males. Female responses to odors of recombinanat males did not differ from those to odors of +/+ and +/tw semilethal males. Responses of mice to odor differences associated with T-locus variability may have evolved independently of responses to odor variability associated with the H-2 locus.
"Polywater": Possibility of p-Electron Delocalization.

p-Electron delocalization may be important in determining the stability of the symmetric hydrogen bonds in a recently proposed model of "polywater."