cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical continuation and the Gelfand problem

This paper examines a semilinear elliptic equation with nonlinear forcing known as the Gelfand equation. Information about the solution set in terms of the parameter is determined. We are specifically interested in determining the first two ''turning points'' of the solution continuum. The primary technique is a numerical method known as pseudo-arclength continuation. This is applied to the problem to determine the ''bifurcation'' diagram for three dimensional domains.
Dimensions and dynamics of co-ignimbrite eruption columns

VERY powerful volcanic eruptions cannot always form classical Plinian eruption columns1–4. Instead, collapsing fountains may develop above the vent and shed pyroclastic flows which spread laterally along the ground5. The upper part of these hot, dense pyroclastic flows may become buoyant through the entrainment, heating and expansion of ambient air, coupled with the sedimentation of larger clasts suspended in the flow. The buoyant material may rise, in a co-ignimbrite eruption column, carrying massive quantities of fine dust and volatiles into the stratosphere6,7. Here we present a model of this process, and show that the co-ignimbrite columns associated with the eruptions of Toba8,9 75,000 years ago and Tambora10 in 1815 may have ascended only about 32 and 23 km; the latter is comparable with the less powerful 1982 Plinian eruption column of El Chichon11. This corroborates arguments that the mass of sulphuric acid aerosols injected into the stratosphere and not the eruptive power determines the climatic impact of an eruption12,13.
Synthesis and structure of [Co6(μ3-Se)5.18(μ3-Te)2.82(PEt3)6]·DMF

Abstract The reaction of [PPh4]3[Co3(Se4)6] with TePEt3 in dimethyformamide at 20 °C in the presence of PEt3 gives the molecular cluster [Co6(μ3-Se)5.18(μ3-Te)2.82(PEt3)6]·DMF. The cluster has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. It crystallizes with three formula units in space group R 3 of the trigonal system in a cell of dimensions at T=153 K of a=17.274(2) A, c=19.384(4) A, γ=120°. The cluster [Co6(μ3-Se)5.18(μ3-Te)2.82(PEt3)6]·DMF consists of an octahedron of Co atoms with all the faces symmetrically capped by μ3-Se or μ3-Te atoms and each Co atom bonded to a PEt3 group to provide a distorted square-pyramidal environment. These μ3-Se and μ3-Te atoms are disordered as are the solvate DMF molecules.
Microbody-malate dehydrogenase in plants with C4-photosynthesis

Several C4-photosynthetic plants were investigated for the presence of the microbody form of malate dehydrogenase, presumed to function in photo-respiration. By methods of starch gel electrophoresis and isopycnic sucrose density gradient separation of organelles, malate dehydrogenase was found to be present in the microbodies of C4 plants as well as in C3 plants. These studies are consistent with others showing the presence of photorespiratory enzymes and photorespiration in leaves of C4-plants.
Measurements of the probability distribution of the operationally defined quantum phase difference.

From a series of phase difference measurements by our scheme 2, in which the field at one interferometer input is phase shifted progressively in steps of 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, we obtain the probability distribution of the phase difference. The results are in agreement with theoretical predictions based on our operational approach to the quantum phase.
On the M/Ck/1 queue

Abstract We obtain the exact analytic expression of the probability distribution of the number of units in a single server queue with Poisson arrivals and Coxian service time distribution (notated as M/Ck/1). A recursive procedure for calculating this probability distribution is given. The well-known queues M/Ek/1 and M/D/1 are re-derived as special cases of the M/Ck/1 queue. Finally, the cases of M/C2/1 and M/C3/1 are fully worked out.
Retransmission rate selection for block-based partial packet recovery

In a Wi-Fi network, partial packets often exist which are packets with some errors. Recent works show that much better efficiency can be achieved by repairing such packets instead of retransmitting such packets. In this paper, we propose a rate selection scheme for the repair packets, refereed to as ReSel. ReSel is developed under the Maranello partial packet recovery framework and is motivated by two observations. First, the repair packet is sent shortly after the original packet and will likely experience similar channel conditions as the original packet. Therefore, given the recent failure on the original packet, a lower data rate should be used for the repair packet. Second, a Maranello receiver will send a NACK packet to the sender, which can be used to carry important information for the selection of the data rate. We build a rate selection table for ReSel with experimental data. We implement ReSel in the firmware and our experiments show that ReSel significantly improves the link throughput and reduces packet jitter. We also find that the repair packet is transmitted only once in the majority of the cases and hence ReSel is capable of selecting the appropriate data rate.
Longitudinal Trends in Sexual Behaviors with Advancing Age and Menopause Among Women With and Without HIV-1 Infection.

We assessed changes in self-reported sexual activity (SA) over 13 years among HIV-infected and uninfected women. The impact of aging and menopause on SA and unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAVI) was examined among women in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), stratifying by HIV status and detectable viral load among HIV-infected women. Generalized mixed linear models were fitted for each outcome, adjusted for relevant covariates. HIV-uninfected women evidenced higher levels of SA and UAVI than HIV-infected. The odds of SA declined by 62–64 % per decade of age. The odds of SA in a 6-month interval for women aged 40–57 declined by 18–22 % post-menopause (controlling for age). Among HIV+/detectable women only, the odds of any UAVI decreased by 17 % per decade of age; the odds of UAVI were unchanged pre-menopause, and then decreased by 28 % post-menopause. Elucidating the factors accounting for ongoing unprotected sex among older women should inform interventions.
Characterization of sulfolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by multiple-stage linear ion-trap high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization reveals that the family of sulfolipid II predominates.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is unique among bacterial pathogens in that it contains a wide array of complex lipids and lipoglycans on its cell wall. Among them, the sulfated glycolipid, termed the sulfolipid, is thought to mediate specific host–pathogen interactions during infection. Sulfolipids (SLs), including sulfolipid I (SL-I) and sulfolipid II (SL-II), are 2,3,6,6′-tetraacyltrehalose 2′-sulfates. SL-I was identified as a family of homologous 2-palmitoyl(stearoyl)-3-phthioceranoyl-6,6′-bis(hydroxyphthioceranoy1)trehalose 2′-sulfates and was believed to be the principal sulfolipid of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv. We cultured and extracted sulfolipids using various conditions, including those originally described, and employed high-resolution multiple-stage linear ion-trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization to characterize the structure of the principal SL. We revealed that SL-II, a family of homologous 2-stearoyl(palmitoyl)-3,6,6′-tris(hydroxyphthiocera...
Quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation by colour flow Doppler in an open chest canine model.

Colour flow Doppler maps the extent of the flow velocity disturbance of aortic regurgitation onto the two dimensional echocardiographic image of the left ventricular cavity. The spatial extent of this flow velocity disturbance expressed as a percentage of end diastolic left ventricular cavity area (CD%) was compared to regurgitant fraction (RF), measured volumetrically, in nine open chest dogs with varying degrees of surgically created aortic regurgitation (RF 0–85%). Right heart bypass controlled venous return to the left atrium and hence net left ventricular output, while total left ventricular output was measured with an aortic electromagnetic flow probe under various loading conditions, achieving mean diastolic transvalvular pressure gradients of 23–114 mm Hg, net left ventricular outputs of 750–3000 ml·min−1 and diastolic filling periods of 162–320 ms. A linear correlation between CD% and RF (r=0.89) was demonstrated over this wide range of loading conditions. At a given transvalvular diastolic pressure gradient [68(SD9) mm Hg] CD% was linearly proportional to regurgitant aortic orifice area (r=0.87). Thus CD% is proportional to the volumetric severity of aortic regurgitation under a wide range of haemodynamic conditions and varies appropriately with regurgitant aortic orifice area when diastolic transvalvular pressure gradient is held constant. The application of these principles to the non-invasive quantitation of valvular regurgitation by colour Doppler appears feasible.
Aggregation of killer whale platelets

The aggregation of blood platelets is a crucial step in normal hemostasis for all mammals. Circulating platelets are sensitive to a large variety of physiologic and non-physiologic stimulants, some of which are formed or exposed in conjunction with vascular damage or endothelial cell denudation. In addition, drastic pressure changes activate human platelets. Killer whale platelet function, on the other hand, is very intriguing since these animals do not seem to experience untoward platelet reactions during or after diving to great depths, nor do they experience abnormal bleeding associated with sub optimal platelet function. We examined this concept and determined that killer whale platelets, in response to ADP, PAF, and arachidonic acid, appeared to aggregate normally during the first 2-5 minutes after addition of the agonist, but had completely disaggregated at 10 minutes. Collagen- and A23187-induced aggregation appeared normal and complete within 10 minutes, while there was no response to epinephrine or ristocetin. Thromboxane production by killer whale platelets appears to be quantitatively similar to that produced by human platelets in response to ADP and PAF and exceeded that produced by human platelets when collagen was used as the agonist. In summary, this study reports a reduced platelet aggregation reaction in killer whales in response to several platelet agonists which does not appear to be related to the generation of thromboxane. This phenomenon may serve a protective role in these mammals by preventing thrombosis during diving and resurfacing.
Existentials, predication, and modification

This paper offers a new semantic theory of existentials (sentences of the form There be NP pivot XP coda ) in which pivots are (second order) predicates and codas are modifiers. The theory retains the analysis of pivots as denoting generalized quantifiers (Barwise and Cooper 1981; Keenan 1987), but departs from previous analyses in analyzing codas as contextual modifiers on a par with temporal/locative frame adverbials. Existing analyses universally assume that pivots are arguments of some predicate, and that codas are main or secondary predicates. It is shown that these analyses cannot account for the behavior of codas with quantifiers and for the interaction of multiple codas, both of which receive a simple treatment on the proposed theory. The assimilation of codas to frame adverbials explains several semantic properties which have not been analyzed in the semantic literature, and that distinguish existentials from their copular counterparts. Furthermore, it highlights important properties of the semantics of modification and its relation to predication.
Integration of Satiety Signals by the Central Nervous System

Individual meals are products of a complex interaction of signals related to both short-term and long-term availability of energy stores. In addition to maintaining the metabolic demands of the individual in the short term, levels of energy intake must also maintain and defend body weight over longer periods. To accomplish this, satiety pathways are regulated by a sophisticated network of endocrine and neuroendocrine pathways. Higher brain centers modulate meal size through descending inputs to caudal brainstem regions responsible for the motor pattern generators associated with ingestion. Gastric and intestinal signals interact with central nervous system pathways to terminate food intake. These inputs can be modified as a function of internal metabolic signals, external environmental influences, and learning to regulate meal size.
The Influence of Boron on Starch Phosphorylase and its Significance in Translocation of Sugars in Plants

Bean leaves infiltrated with 4% glucose after a dark period synthesized more starch than leaves infiltrated with 4% glucose and various levels of boron. Analysis for boron concentration in the leaves indicated that the level of the element was within physiological range for plants. In vitro studies in the glucose-1-phosphate in equilibrium starch reaction show that boron influences the rate of the reaction but not the final equilibrium. A plot of 1/rate of reaction vs 1/glucose-1-phosphate concentration indicates that, at low levels of substrate, the boron combines with the substrate and influences the rate of starch synthesis. Because boron influences the synthesis of starch, a hypothesis is presented which could explain why translocation of sugars in plants is increased when the element is present in sugar feeding and in C/sup 14/ carbohydrate synthesis experiments.
Two-gram DTA as a thermal compatibility tool

A useful alternative to the standard techniques described by the North American Treaty Organization STANAG 4147 for determining thermal compatibilities of an energetic with other materials could be a simple 2-gram scale Differential Thermal Analysis (2gDTA). The 2gDTA system consists of samples introduced into standard size test tubes inserted into a controlled aluminum-heating block. Relatively inexpensive thermocouples are used for both temperature control and data collection. Cost of the entire system is much less than any commercial DSC. Since valuable instrumentation need not be protected, the 2gDTA allows thermal decomposition reactions to proceed to complete runaway, mimicking the true worst-case scenario.
Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan-mediated amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide and proIAPP processing intermediates.

Abstract Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP; also known as amylin) is responsible for islet amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes, and IAPP-induced toxicity is believed to contribute to the loss of β-cell mass associated with the late stages of type 2 diabetes. Islet amyloid formation may also play a role in graft failure after transplantation. IAPP is produced as a prohormone, pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (proIAPP), and processed in the secretory granules of the pancreatic β-cells. Partially processed forms of proIAPP are found in amyloid deposits; most notable is a 48-residue intermediate, proIAPP 1–48 , which includes the N-terminal pro-extension, but which has been properly processed at the C-terminus. Incomplete processing may play a role in islet amyloid formation by promoting interactions with sulfated proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix, which, in turn, promote amyloid formation. We show that acid fuchsin (3-(1-(4-amino-3-methyl-5-sulphonatophenyl)-1-(4-amino-3-sulphonatophenyl)methylene)cyclohexa-1,4-dienesulphonic acid), a simple sulfonated triphenyl methyl derivative, is a potent inhibitor of amyloid formation by the proIAPP 1–48 intermediate. The more complicated triphenyl methane derivative fast green FCF {ethyl-[4-[[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]-(4-hydroxy-2-sulfophenyl)methylidene]-1-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene]-[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]azanium} also inhibits amyloid formation by IAPP and the proIAPP processing intermediate. Both compounds inhibit amyloid formation by mixtures of the proIAPP intermediate and the model glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate. Acid fuchsin also inhibits glycosaminoglycan-mediated amyloid formation by mature IAPP. The ability to inhibit amyloid formation is not simply due to the compounds being sulfonated, since the sulfonated inhibitor of amyloid-β, tramiprosate, is not an inhibitor of amyloid formation by proIAPP 1–48 .
Using mnemonics to increase knowledge of an organizing curriculum framework

Teaching nursing students the organizing curriculum framework and nursing theory lends itself to the incorporation of innovative techniques to enliven the classroom. A mnemonic organizing framework that utilized acronyms and visualizations was designed and implemented for an associate degree nursing program to help students learn and understand the curriculum. The results of a survey describing the student's attitudes regarding the framework are discussed. Suggestions for design and implementation of mnemonics are offered for future recommendation.
Content-Driven Progressive Transmission of Grey-Scale Images

A lossless progressive transmission method for grey-scale images which concentrates early transmission efforts on areas of greater image information content is described. The receiver does not have a priori knowledge of which image areas are to receive preferential treatment, and the preferential level of resolution is the pixel. The method makes use of simultaneous geometric and information content decompositions. The method is computationally simple with a complexity which grows linearly with the number of pixels. Compression achieved approaches that obtained by nonprogressive lossless methods, and is approximately the same as for homogeneous progressive lossless methods. Extensions of the method for progressive transmission with limited distortion and greater compression are also discussed.
Distribution of NAD+-dependent prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity among human fetal tissues

In the present investigation the activity of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was measured in the cytosolic fractions prepared from various tissues of the human fetus. Among the different tissues studied the specific activity of this enzyme varied widely. The specific activities of prostaglandin dehydrogenase were greatest in the adrenal gland, placenta, and ureter, while moderate levels were found in kidney, lung, and testis; low or undetected levels were found in other tissues including heart, intestine, and brain. The finding of wide variations in the specific activity of prostaglandin dehydrogenase among tissues of the human fetus is supportive of the possibility that this enzyme has an important role in the regulation of the levels of prostaglandins in these tissues.
DULO: an effective buffer cache management scheme to exploit both temporal and spatial locality

Sequentiality of requested blocks on disks, or their spatial locality, is critical to the performance of disks, where the throughput of accesses to sequentially placed disk blocks can be an order of magnitude higher than that of accesses to randomly placed blocks. Unfortunately, spatial locality of cached blocks is largely ignored and only temporal locality is considered in system buffer cache management. Thus, disk performance for workloads without dominant sequential accesses can be seriously degraded. To address this problem, we propose a scheme called DULO (DUal LOcality), which exploits both temporal and spatial locality in buffer cache management. Leveraging the filtering effect of the buffer cache, DULO can influence the I/O request stream by making the requests passed to disk more sequential, significantly increasing the effectiveness of I/O scheduling and prefetching for disk performance improvements.DULO has been extensively evaluated by both trace-driven simulations and a prototype implementation in Linux 2.6.11. In the simulations and system measurements, various application workloads have been tested, including Web Server, TPC benchmarks, and scientific programs. Our experiments show that DULO can significantly increase system throughput and reduce program execution times.
Quantitation of lymphocyte subsets by immunofluorescence flow cytometry in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is a disease in which immune aberration has been postulated but not confirmed. The frequency of lymphocyte subsets was evaluated in 22 patients with IDC and in 22 blood bank control subjects, using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers to allow cell sorting by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Eighteen patients with heart failure from other causes were also studied. Functional correlations were also made for the natural killer cell subset. Total T-cell frequency, determined with antihuman T (Hybritech), was similar in IDC and control groups: mean 73 ± 12% in IDC patients and 70 ± 9 % in control subjects. B-cell frequency, determined with antihuman la (Hybritech), was also similar: 36 ± 11 % in IDC patients and 31 ± 10% in control subjects. Helper T-cell frequency, identified by OKT4 (Ortho), averaged 47 ± 11 % in IDC and 44 ± 8 % in control subjects (difference not significant). Suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell frequency, established by OKT8, was the same: 28 ± 8 % in IDC and 30 ± 7 % in control subjects, although relative deficiency in suppressor functional activity has been reported in IDC. Helper to suppressor (OKT4/8) ratios, aberrant in many autoimmune diseases, did not differ significantly (IDC 1.9 ± 0.8, control 1.5 ± 0.6). Lymphocyte subsets and OKT4/8 ratio were also similar between IDC and heart failure patients. Natural killer cell frequencies, estimated using 2 antibodies (antihuman Leu-7 and Leu-11, Becton-Dickinson) were the same (9.3 ± 4.9 % in IDC patients, 9.0 ± 4.5 % in control subjects, Leu-7). In contrast, natural killer cell functional activity was decreased in the IDC group; median lymphocyte to target cell (K562 line) ratio resulting in 50% killing (L/T50) was 21 in IDC vs 10.5 in control (p
The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, 1899–1919

At a time when American shipping generally was finding it difficult to compete in international trade, certain American shipping groups were profiting largely. The strength of the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company derived from conservative financial policy, bold but not reckless expansion, astute analysis of trading opportunities, skillful handling of competition, and decisive adaptation to emergencies. A closely knit group of owner-managers held the reins of control. Internal strength permitted optimum realizations from a favorable commercial environment and even helped to make that environment favorable.
Signal and array processing techniques for RFID readers

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has recently attracted much attention in both the technical and business communities. It has found wide applications in, for example, toll collection, supply-chain management, access control, localization tracking, real-time monitoring, and object identification. Situations may arise where the movement directions of the tagged RFID items through a portal is of interest and must be determined. Doppler estimation may prove complicated or impractical to perform by RFID readers. Several alternative approaches, including the use of an array of sensors with arbitrary geometry, can be applied. In this paper, we consider direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation techniques for application to near-field narrowband RFID problems. Particularly, we examine the use of a pair of RFID antennas to track moving RFID tagged items through a portal. With two antennas, the near-field DOA estimation problem can be simplified to a far-field problem, yielding a simple way for identifying the direction of the tag movement, where only one parameter, the angle, needs to be considered. In this case, tracking of the moving direction of the tag simply amounts to computing the spatial cross-correlation between the data samples received at the two antennas. It is pointed out that the radiation patterns of the reader and tag antennas, particularly their phase characteristics, have a significant effect on the performance of DOA estimation. Indoor experiments are conducted in the Radar Imaging and RFID Labs at Villanova University for validating the proposed technique for target movement direction estimations.
Spatial test filters for dynamic model large‐eddy simulation with finite elements

In this article we will develop spatial filters required in the dynamic model of small-scale turbulent fluid motions in large-eddy simulation with finite elements. The characterization of these finite element filters is crucial because it is seen to have an impact on incompressible Navier-Stokes simulation results.
Effects of level and source of supplemental protein in a concentrate-based diet on sites of digestion and small intestinal amino acid disappearance in Boer × Spanish wether goats

Abstract Twelve yearling Boer × Spanish wether goats fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae (34.5 ± 1.39 kg average BW) were used in an experiment with two simultaneous 6 × 6 Latin squares to determine effects of different supplemental protein sources on sites of digestion and small intestinal amino acid disappearance with concentrate-based diets moderate or high in CP concentration. Diets were formulated to be 13 or 19% CP (DM basis), with supplemental protein provided by blood (BLM), corn gluten (CGM), cottonseed (CSM), feather (FTM), fish (FIM) or soybean meal (SBM). Small intestinal disappearance of the sum of essential amino acids measured (i.e., histidine, threonine, arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and phenylalanine) was greater for BLM versus SBM (39.0, 33.4, 28.7, 33.1, 33.3 and 20.5 g/day for BLM, CGM, CSM, FTM, FIM and SBM, respectively). Small intestinal disappearance of some essential amino acids was similar among CP sources with 13% CP but different with 19% CP. With 19% CP, small intestinal disappearance of histidine and valine was greatest ( P P P P
Gain Thresholds for Diffuse Parasitic Laser Modes

High power, high gain lasers are vulnerable to parasitic oscillations, which are unwanted laser modes that rely on stray wall reflections for their optical feedback. Since parasitics reduce power in the intended laser mode and can cause thermal damage to structural hardware, it is important to know the gain threshold required to support parasitics in various laser medium geometries. When the walls are diffusely reflecting, as in many high power laser devices, a diffuse parasitic mode that fills essentially the entire gain medium can form. A differential equation is derived for the radiant intensity of a diffuse parasitic in the absence of diffraction. An expansion in angular functions leads to a Helmholtz-like equation and suitable boundary conditions at the walls. These equations are solved to give the radiant intensity within a rectangular laser region with specified reflectivities at the bounding walls. Limiting cases are discussed and numerical results are given for the diffuse parasitic gain threshold in rectangular gain regions bounded by two, four, or six partially reflecting walls. A computer code is provided for calculating the gain threshold for other combinations of wall reflectivities.
Poe, Materiality, and the Fate of Mind

Joan Dayan. Fables of Mind: An Inquiry into Poe's Fiction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. 273 pp. $24.95.
Distribution and Habitat Associations of Breeding Secretive Marsh Birds in Louisiana’s Mississippi Alluvial Valley

Populations of many North American secretive marsh birds (SMBs) have declined in recent decades, partially as a function of wetland loss. Protecting and restoring appropriate habitat for these species is contingent upon understanding the habitat features they utilize. We investigated breeding distributions of SMBs in northeast Louisiana at 118 wetlands in 2007 and 2008 and modeled species occupancy (ψ) as a function of habitat variables measured at local (≤100 m) and landscape (≤1 km) scales. Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), Least Bitterns (Ixobrychus exilis), and Purple Gallinules (Porphyrula martinica) were the most commonly detected species, whereas breeding King Rails (Rallus elegans) and American Coots (Fulica americana) were rare. Local habitat features consistently played a greater role in predicting ψ than landscape features for the three most common species. The proportion of local wetland area dominated by robust emergent vegetation (i.e., Typha spp. and Zizaniopsis miliacea) positively influenced ψ for all species, while other wetland vegetation types tended to have a minimal or negative effect. Our results suggest the habitat characteristics preferred by breeding SMBs differ from those used by migrating shorebirds and wintering waterfowl and management and restoration objectives for those species may be inadequate for enhancing SMB habitat.
Making It Look Easy: Maintaining the Magic of Access

Given the continued rise in both cost and complexity of electronic resource management, the authors have researched how Association of Research Libraries (ARL) in the U.S. and Canada are tracking the effectiveness of managing ongoing access to electronic resources. This research describes the various methods ARL libraries are using to track and manage access, both proactive and reactive, through survey and case study analysis. Based on a survey of ARL librarians, the authors conclude that the current state of electronic resource troubleshooting is almost entirely reactive and often unevenly coordinated. Some of the reasons for the reactive and uncoordinated approaches to troubleshooting include relying on a range of disparate systems for managing and storing electronic resource information that make tracking and resolving problems difficult, staff members working across Technical Services departments organized on print-based models, and workflows that have grown in response as new electronic resources (eb...
Experience with Use of the Oncotype DX Gene Assay Test in a Multicenter Community-Based Healthcare System.

Background:Oncotype DX has been validated to quantify the risk of distant recurrence and predict the benefit of chemotherapy (CT) in ER positive, node negative breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the use of the Oncotype DX test at Intermountain Healthcare. Intermountain is a not-for-profit healthcare system with 21 inpatient facilities, 9 comprehensive cancer centers and 42 affiliated medical oncologists ranging from single practitioners to multiphysician groups.Methods: This study contains a group of T1-3 N0 ER+ breast cancer patients who received an Oncotype DX test paired with a control group of non-tested T1-T3 N0 ER+ patients receiving hormone therapy (HT) from the same period. Data comes from a supplemental database containing treatment and follow-up data from individual physician offices combined with data from Intermountain9s cancer registry. To ensure data completeness, Genomic Health provided a list of relevant Oncotype DX results for study patients. The analysis was done using multivariate logistic regression and controlled for age, tumor size, grade and T stage.Results: From 2005 to 2008, Oncotype DX testing was performed on tumor specimens from 285 patients. 8 patients had positive nodes and 4 patients were ER negative. In addition, 9 patients did not and will not receive HT (5 refused, 4 contraindicated) and 9 patients have yet to begin HT. 11 patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 244 patients who form the study group, six patients were Her-2 neu positive (1 high recurrence score (RS), 3 intermediate and 2 low). Tumor size ranged from 2 cm. Compared to our control group of 688 patients, Oncotype DX-tested patients are younger (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6058.
In-beam nuclear spectroscopy of bound states with fast exotic ion beams

Abstract The often surprising properties of nuclei beyond the valley of β stability have prompted extensive experimental and theoretical studies aimed at identifying the driving forces behind the dramatic changes in nuclear structure that are encountered in exotic nuclear systems. Many of the most exotic nuclear species are available for experiments as fast ion beams with velocities exceeding 30% of the speed of light. Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation, inelastic proton scattering and nucleon removal reactions have evolved from novel techniques to versatile spectroscopic tools that provide information on the single-particle structure and on collective degrees of freedom in nuclei accessible for experiments at beam rates of a few ions/s. In this review, we summarize recent developments and achievements in experimental nuclear structure physics that involve in-beam spectroscopy of bound states utilizing fast beams of rare ions.
Identifying the end of ventricular activation: body surface late potentials versus electrogram measurements in a canine infarction model.

Late Potentials: Epicardial and Body Surface. Introduction: Identification of the end of the QRS is perhaps the single most important feature obtained from the high resolution signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG). This point relies on computer algorithms to select a point ahove the noise levels. Prior studies to suhstantiate this approach using eleetrograms for comparison have demonstrated many examples of the hody surface recordings failing to detect the full extent of the late potentials. Methods and Results: An animal model that generates late potentials was used in conjunction with epicardial cardiac mapping system to systematically examine the rea.sons for these failures. In I I of 13 dogs we found a concordance hetween the signal-averaged recordings and Ihe epicardial recordings within 5 msec. The two discordant studies were attrihuted to a failure of epicardial mapping to record all late potential sources. Also, a means of accurately comparing measurements from the two recording technologies was required in this study as well as a new definition for identifying the end of activation currents in epicardial eleetrograms. Conclusion: To achieve these results required approaches different from those used in the clinical setting to record the SAECG. These include: (1) the analysis of individual XYZ leads as opposed to the vector magnitude derived from these leads; (2) visual identification of very low level signals, as automatic algorithms often fail to detect low level signals: and (3) the use of finite impulse response digital filters instead of the bidirectional Butterworth filter.
Eigenvalues and edge-connectivity of regular graphs

Abstract In this paper, we show that if the second largest eigenvalue of a d -regular graph is less than d - 2 ( k - 1 ) d + 1 , then the graph is k -edge-connected. When k is 2 or 3 , we prove stronger results. Let ρ ( d ) denote the largest root of x 3 - ( d - 3 ) x 2 - ( 3 d - 2 ) x - 2 = 0 . We show that if the second largest eigenvalue of a d -regular graph G is less than ρ ( d ) , then G is 2 -edge-connected and we prove that if the second largest eigenvalue of G is less than d - 3 + ( d + 3 ) 2 - 16 2 , then G is 3 -edge-connected.
ND5 is a hot-spot for multiple atypical mitochondrial DNA deletions in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder associated with depletion, multiple deletions and site-specific point mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MNGIE is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP; endothelial cell growth factor 1). Deficiency of TP leads to dramatically elevated levels of circulating thymidine and deoxyuridine. The alterations of pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism are hypothesized to cause imbalances of mitochondrial nucleotide pools that, in turn, may cause somatic alterations of mtDNA. We have now identified five major forms of mtDNA deletions in the skeletal muscle of MNGIE patients. While direct repeats and imperfectly homologous sequences appear to mediate the formation of mtDNA deletions, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 5 gene is a hot-spot for these rearrangements. A novel aspect of the mtDNA deletions in MNGIE is the presence of microdeletions at the imperfectly homologous breakpoints.
Getting Online but Still Living Offline: The Complex Relationship of Technology Adoption and In-person Social Networks

Previous research in Kyrgyzstan has demonstrated the importance of close social networks as avenues for gathering and sharing information, assistance and goods in the country. However, the relationship between technology use and social network use has not been investigated; understanding this relationship is important when considering the design of technology applications that support existing social networks. Contrary to Robert Putnam’s hypothesis that technologies have an "individualizing" force on populations, we have found that social network patterns do not appear to be negatively associated with higher technology use. In fact, the higher the level of technology use, the more face-to-face social networks were used for multiple types of information seeking.
Compositional Stresses in Polycrystalline Titania Films

Certain transition metal oxides exhibit relatively large compositional changes in response to variations in the oxygen partial pressure. In thin film form, these composition changes can lead to stress because of the constraint imposed by the underlying substrate. To investigate these effects, polycrystalline titania (anatase phase) was grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The stress changes during oxidation and reduction of these films were then studied by monitoring substrate curvature at elevated temperatures in controlled atmospheres. Variations in the temperature and grain size of the films were investigated. These results were analyzed in terms of point defects. In particular, the total stress change observed during oxidation-reduction cycles increased with decreasing grain size. This suggests that grain boundaries are associated with significantly higher defect concentrations in these materials, and that compositional stress data can provide important information about the nature of these defects.
Belligerent Legends: Bickering and Feuding among Outport Octogenarians

In a southwest coast Newfoundland fishing village elderly outporters are accorded special licence to behave in ways considered inappropriate for younger generations. Capitalising on their status as folk heroes and heroines of traditional outport culture, older people challenge each other to redress old wrongs or actively create new issues for dispute. The entire family may reluctantly become involved in these imbroglios. This case study of a land feud between an elderly woman and man demonstrates how aggression is mediated by the structural confines of local sex roles and outport egalitarianism, which severely limit the potential of octogenarians' altercations to disrupt village life.
The I’s, We’s, and She/He’s of Breakups Public and Private Pronoun Usage in Relationship Dissolution Accounts

People adjusting from couplehood to singlehood often engage in account creation in order to privately make sense of their relationship life and death, as well as publicly explain the changes to the...
ARQUIVAR A "COISA"

From the performance Bom Retiro 958 metros , the article explores the thingness, the staying of things and the impossibility of archiving performances, due to performances being things and being, therefore, in constant transformation and decomposition cicles, being not categorizable.
The vibrational distribution of O+2 in the dayside ionosphere

The vibrational distributions of O2(+) in the X2Pi(g), A2Pi(u), a4Pi(u), and b4Sigma(-)g states in the dayside terrestrial ionosphere are calculated for both low and high solar activity models. The distributions are found to be significantly different from the O2(+) vibrational distributions found by Fox (1985) for the Venusian ionosphere. The sources and sinks of vibrational excitation and the implications for the chemistry, dayglow, and hot oxygen coronas are discussed. Finally, intensities of the first negative and second negative band systems of O2(+) are presented.
Methylseleno-amino acid content of food materials by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry.

Selenium, an important dietary nutrient, is found in many foods. Selenium occurs in various chemical forms including in amino acids with methylselenium functional groups, such as selenomethionine (Semet) and Se-(methyl)selenocystine (Metsecys). We developed a procedure for determining methylselenium in foods such as wheat, a significant dietary source of selenium in the United States. This method is based upon the reaction of cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to cleave the CH 3 Se-functional group of Semet and Metsecys to form the volatile compound, CH 3 SeCN. Addition of stable isotope ( 74 Se) enriched selenomethionine to an analytical sample allows direct determination of naturally occurring protein bound Semet by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), without a protein digestion step, using highly precise stable isotope dilution techniques. We found that a wheat gluten reference material (NIST RM 1818) contains 64% methylselenium of its assigned value of 2.58 µg Se total /g. and that commercial selenium yeast tablets contained 73% of total selenium as methylselenium [147 ± 10 µg Se metse /g (n = 9)]. These two materials would be good candidates for further study and characterization as reference materials for determining this important food component.
Comparison of five commercial DNA extraction kits for the recovery of Yersinia pestis DNA from bacterial suspensions and spiked environmental samples.

Aim: To evaluate commercial DNA extraction kits for their ability to isolate DNA from Yersinia pestis suspensions and spiked environmental samples. Methods and Results: Five commercially available DNA extraction kits were evaluated: the ChargeSwitch gDNA Mini Bacteria Kit, the IT 1-2-3 Sample DNA Purification Kit, the MasterPure Complete DNA and RNA Purification Kit, the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit and the UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit. The extraction methods were performed upon six Y. pestis strains and spiked environmental specimens, including three swab types and one powder type. Taqman real-time PCR analysis revealed that the use of the MasterPure kit resulted in DNA with the most consistently positive results and the lowest limit of detection from Y. pestis suspensions and spiked environmental samples. Conclusion: Comparative evaluations of the five commercial DNA extraction methods indicated that the MasterPure kit was superior for the isolation of PCR-amplifiable DNA from Y. pestis suspensions and spiked environmental samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results of this study can assist diagnostic laboratories with selecting the best extraction method for processing environmental specimens for subsequent detection of Y. pestis by real-time PCR.
Examining Multiple Sources of Influence on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Children Who Use Cochlear Implants.

Children with profound deafness are at risk for serious reading difficulties. Multiple factors affect their development of reading skills, including use of cochlear implants. Further, multiple factors influence the overall success that children experience with their cochlear implants. These factors include the age at which they receive an implant, method of communication, vocabulary skills, preoperative residual hearing, and socioeconomic status. Ninety-one children with prelingual and profound hearing impairments who received cochlear implants at varying ages participated in the study. Structural equation modeling confirmed that multiple factors affected young cochlear implant users' reading comprehension skills and that there were significant associations between the predictors of reading comprehension. Pre-implant vocabulary had an indirect positive effect on reading through postimplant vocabulary, which had a direct positive effect on reading. Overall, children with stronger language skills demonstrat...
Pathological Findings in Human Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

The defects in lymphocyte apoptosis that underlie the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) are usually attributable to inherited mutations of the CD95 (Fas) gene. In this report, we present the histopathological and immunophenotypic features seen in the lymph nodes ( n = 16), peripheral blood ( n = 10), bone marrow ( n = 2), spleen ( n = 3), and liver ( n = 2) from 10 patients with ALPS. Lymph nodes showed marked paracortical hyperplasia. Interfollicular areas were expanded and populated by T cell receptor-αβ CD3 + CD4 − CD8 − (double-negative, DN) T cells that were negative for CD45RO. CD45RA + T cells were increased in all cases studied. The paracortical infiltrate was a result of both reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation, as measured by in situ detection of DNA fragmentation and staining with MIB-1, respectively. The paracortical proliferation may be extensive enough to suggest a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Many of the paracortical lymphocytes expressed markers associated with cytotoxicity, such as perforin, TIA-1, and CD57. CD25 was negative. In addition, most lymph nodes exhibited florid follicular hyperplasia, often with focal progressive transformation of germinal centers; in some cases, follicular involution was seen. A polyclonal plasmacytosis also was present. The spleens were markedly enlarged, more than 10 times normal size. There was expansion of both white pulp and red pulp, with increased DN T cells. DN T cells also were observed in liver biopsies exhibiting portal triaditis. In the peripheral blood, the T cells showed increased expression of HLA-DR and CD57 but not CD25. CD45RA + T cells were increased in the four cases studied. Polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis with expansion of CD5 + B cells was a characteristic finding. Taken together, the histopathological and immunophenotypic findings, particularly in lymph nodes and peripheral blood, are sufficiently distinctive to suggest a diagnosis of ALPS. Of note, two affected family members of one proband developed lymphoma (T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease, respectively).
Cardiac tamponade following liver transplantation after intrapericardial control of the suprahepatic vena cava

Transabdominal intrapericardial control of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (SIVC) is a rather uncommon procedure occasionally required in conjunction with complicated liver transplantation (LT) and hepatobiliary surgery. Experience with this technique is limited. Here we report 6 cases of LT in which transabdominal intrapericardial control of the SIVC was necessary. After institutional review board approval was obtained, a single-center, retrospective review was conducted from January 1991 to December 2013 to identify adult cases (age > 18 years) of LT in which transabdominal intrapericardial isolation of the SIVC was necessary. Among 4102 adult LT cases in the study period, 6 such cases were identified. To gain access to the pericardial space, a 6- to 9-cm vertical incision was made above the SIVC. After reperfusion, the diaphragmatic incision was partially closed and selectively drained. Pericardial tamponade developed in 1 patient, and it necessitated emergent reoperation and widespread drainage. In conclusion, transabdominal intrapericardial isolation of the SIVC is easily achieved without the need for a separate thoracic incision. However, to be effective, the pericardial incision should be only partially closed, and the pericardial sac should be drained liberally. Such patients should be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade, the development of which should prompt an immediate return to the operating room for emergent decompression and widespread drainage. Liver Transpl 21:339–343, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.