cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is currently a standard-of-care procedure for many disorders. Frequently, HCT procedures are curative in situations where no other potentially curative treatment options exist. Advances in immunogenetics and immunobiology, conditioning regimens, disease characterization and risk stratification, immune suppression, antimicrobials, and other types of supportive care have all contributed to improvements in disease control and overall survival. Currently, there is the emerging field of immune effector cell therapy, based on the ability to manufacture at large scale various immune cell populations which is now rapidly changing the landscape of cancer care.
Noninvasive diagnostic imaging in pediatric skin lesions

Die optische Koharenztomographie (OCT) und die konfokale Lasermikroskopie (KLM) ermoglichen eine nichtinvasive bildgebende Diagnostik der Haut. Gerade weil bei Kindern die Indikation fur eine Hautbiopsie eher zuruckhaltend gestellt wird, konnen OCT und KLM fur die Abklarung von kindlichen Hautveranderungen hilfreich sein. Auserdem stellen Biopsien immer nur eine Momentaufnahme eines kleinen Bezirkes der Haut dar, wahrend die nichtinvasiven Methoden ermoglichen, mehrere Lokalisationen im Zeitverlauf zu untersuchen, sodass auch dynamische Veranderungen und Therapieverlaufe sichtbar gemacht werden konnen. In der padiatrischen Dermatologie eignen sie sich insbesondere zur Abklarung atypischer Pigmentlasionen, bei infektiosen Dermatosen wie Skabies oder Tinea und zur Diagnostik entzundlicher und degenerativer Dermatosen.
The Public Presidency

In his book, George Washington: The Making of an American Symbol, Barry Schwartz (1987) noted: It is the range and significance of Washington’s shortcomings that make it difficult to understand his veneration on the basis of personal qualities alone. By any standard, Washington was an intelligent and accomplished man, but he was neither brilliant nor self-confident, and his experience ... was not precisely suited to the needs of his time. (p. 6)
The Role of the Judge in the Twenty-First Century

=875025; Cross, supra note 12, at 320-21; Andrew F. Daughety & Jennifer F. Reinganum, Speaking Up: A Model of Judicial Dissent and Discretionary Review, 14 SUP. 1058 BOSTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 86:1049 bolder when the legislature is in the hands of their ideological allies because then their initiatives are less likely to be nullified by statutory enactments or amendments. I don’t consider this element of the judicial utility function to be as important as the strategic school argues; most judges don’t know or think much about legislative reactions to their decisions.24 But it is an element and one that is consistent with the power factor in judging – the fact that judges do want to change the world for the better, as they understand the better, within the leeway that the loose and undisciplined American judicial system gives them. What I’m calling a protocol could equally be called a game. You don’t play chess unless you’re prepared to play by the rules. The rules I’m speaking of with reference to the judicial process are not legal rules; I’m not echoing John Roberts. They are rules of articulation and deportment.
Regulation of the hapten-specific T cell response. I: Preferential induction of hyporesponsiveness to the D-end of the major histocompatibility complex in the hapten-specific cytotoxic T cell response

In this paper we have examined the phenomenon of hapten-specific tolerance in the cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL), using the trinitrophenyl (TNP) and azobenzenearsonate haptens. We found that the H-2 K and H-2 D-end restricted CTL in H-2a mice are differentiable in the ease with which they are tolerized to the TNP hapten. With TNP modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC), or low amounts of trinitrobenzylsulfonic acid as tolerogen, preferential hyporesponsiveness of D-end restricted CTL can be observed. Larger doses of hapten, e.g. a higher amount of trinitrobenzylsulfonic acid, will tolerize both K- and D-end restricted TNP-specific CTL in H-2a mice. The phenomenon of preferential D-end restricted CTL hyporesponsiveness is not observed in H-2d, H-2k, or H-2b mice, nor is it observed in H-2a mice with respect to the azobenzenearsonate hapten. We have also shown that the clones of CTL responsible for lysis of TNP-modified allogeneic targets (cross-reactive lysis) in H-2a mice probably overlap with the D-end restricted TNP-specific CTL since D-end restricted hyporesponsiveness induced by intravenous injection of TNP spleen cells also results in the elimination of cross-reactive lysis of TNP-modified allogeneic targets. The possible mechanisms of preferential D-end hyporesponsiveness to the TNP hapten in the H-2a mice as well as its significance and relationship to previous work in this area are discussed in this paper.
User’s Guide for Getter Rate Test System

This User’s Guide describes the operation and maintenance of the Getter Rate Test System, including the mechanical equipment, instrumentation, and datalogger/computer components. The Getter Rate Test System includes equipment and instrumentation to conduct two getter rate tests simultaneously. The mechanical equipment comprises roughing and high-vacuum pumps, heated test chambers, standard hydrogen leaks, and associated piping and valves. Instrumentation includes thermocouples, pressure (vacuum) transducers, panel displays, analog-to-digital signal converter, and associated wiring. The datalogger/computer is a stand-alone computer with installed software to allow the user to record data input from the pressure transducers to data files and to calculate the getter rate from the data in an Excel® spreadsheet.
Clonidine and Sudden Death

Clonidine is used by pediatricians and child psychiatrists for tics, Tourette9s syndrome, and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) with aggressive behavior. However, recent evidence of sudden death and cardiac toxicity associated with clonidine raises concern about the widespread use of this medication. There are three unpublished cases where the combination of clonidine and methylphenidate has been associated with unexplained sudden death in children ages 7,8, and 9 years (Frenia M.L., personal communication, September 21, 1995, Drug Surveillance and Information, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals).
Nondestructive Laboratory Measurement of Geotechnical and Geoacoustic Properties Through Intact Core-Liner

High-resolution automated measurement of the geotechnical and geoacoustic properties of soil at the US geological Survey (USGS) is performed with a state-of-the-art multi-sensor whole-core logging device. The device takes measurements, directly through intact sample-tube wall, of p-wave acoustic velocity, of soil wet bulk density, and magnetic susceptibility. This paper summarizes the authors methodology for determining soil-sound speed and wet-bulk density for material encased in an unsplit liner. The authors methodology for nondestructive measurement allows for rapid, accurate, and high-resolution (1 cm-spaced) mapping of the mass physical properties of soil prior to sample extrusion.
Amicus Brief: United States – Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China

The panel’s interpretation has two fundamental flaws. First, the panel disregards the general illegality of double remedies under the WTO norms, which is manifest under GATT Article VI and SCM Article 19:4. As a result, the panel validates the U.S.’ concurrent imposition of countervailing duties after the previous imposition of antidumping duties under the non-market economy (NME) methodology. Second, the panel, blatantly disregarding SCM provisions, such as Article 12.8, shifts the burden of proof from the investigating authority (the United States Department of Commerce (DOC) in this dispute) to the respondents. Although the investigating authority is required under the Article to fully demonstrate the non-existence of double counting when it employs the NME methodology, the panel nonetheless imposes on respondents the burden of establishing that there existed actual double counting, and therefore “duties in excess of the subsidy.”
Games, Learning, and Assessment

Learning in games has historically been assessed indirectly and/or in a post hoc manner. What’s needed instead is real-time assessment and support of learning based on the dynamic needs of players. We need to be able to experimentally determine the degree to which games can support learning, and how and why they achieve this objective. In this chapter we describe an approach to designing and developing evidence-based diagnostic assessments that may be embedded in a game environment. When embedded assessments are so seamlessly woven into the game that they’re virtually invisible, we call this “stealth assessment.” Embedding assessments within games provides a way to monitor a player’s current level on valued competencies, and then use that information as the basis for support, such as adjusting the difficulty level of challenges or providing a report for the teacher.
End-of-Course Evaluations as Indicators of Student Learning and Instructor Effectiveness

There are two aspects of this article that readers should find particularly interesting. First, Marlin and Niss provide additional data on the question of student evaluations of professors and courses. Second, they suggest the use of canonical correlation as an ideal way of facing the problems confronted in analyzing the educational production function. The authors assert that “canonical correlation would seem to answer many of the problems encountered in previous single-equation models….” Their research suggests that student evaluations can be used as surrogates for direct evaluations and that the former “do indeed measure the level of teacher input.”
Estimation of Surface Moisture Availability From Remote Temperature Measurements

Analysis of moisture availability, determined from GOES IR surface temperature measurements and a boundary layer model, and antecedent precipitation are presented for data taken over Texas and Argentina. Correlations between antecedent precipitation and moisture availability are high where the spatial variation in moisture availability is much larger than an inherent uncertainty in the method, which is judged to be about + or - 0.2 for the moisture availability parameter. In regions where there are large gradients of precipitation, the IR method can provide useful information on variations in soil moisture availability and, by implication, in precipitation.
Role of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone in regulation of larval haemolymph protein gene expression in Galleria mellonella

Abstract Developmental pattern of expression of two fat body specific genes in Galleria mellonella was determined by dot hybridization of total RNA extracted from diverse developmental stages. These studies using cDNA clones, pLhp76 and pLhp82, as pi bes showed that Lhp76 transcripts were produced all through the larval life, while Lhp82 transcripts were produced only in the last larval instar. Pupae and adults did not produce either transcript. Although penultimate-instar larvae do not normally produce Lhp82 transcripts, they do produce these transcripts, as determined by Northern analysis, following prothorax ligation. Similarly, activation of both these genes during the last larval stadium can occur in neck- or prothorax-ligated day-0 larvae. However, application of juvenile hormone blocked production of Lhp82 transcripts in prothorax-ligated or neck-ligated day-0 last instar larvae and partially blocked in prothorax-ligated penultimate instar larvae. These observations suggest that activation of the last-instar specific Lhp82 gene depends on the absence of juvenile hormone and is independent of ecdysteroid-mediated reprogramming of the genome.
Abstract 1706: Impact of PARP1 on AR signaling and therapeutic response in prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) modifies various nuclear proteins by poly (ADP-ribose)-ylation, and has a known role in a multitude of chromatin-associated functions, including: transcriptional coregulation, modification of chromatin structure, regulation of insulators, and well-established activities in DNA repair. With regard to nuclear receptors, PARP1 promotes recruitment of topoisomerase IIβ (TopoIIβ) to estrogen-regulated promoters, leading to promoter DNA cleavage, factor exchange, and transcriptional activation. However, PARP1 function is known to be context dependent. Here, the impact of PARP1 on AR signaling was assessed under conditions of prostate cancer relevance. As will be discussed, key preliminary data strongly suggest that PARP1 function is critical for the pro-tumorigenic functions of AR. First, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity potently suppressed ligand-dependent AR transcriptional activity on target genes of clinical relevance. Second, the mechanism of PARP1-mediated AR regulation appears to be manifest at the level of chromatin, as inhibition of PARP1 failed to alter AR levels. This posit was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to delineate the impact on AR signaling. Third, it was shown that suppression of PARP1 specifically inhibited AR-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation in both early stage and late stage (castrate-resistant) models of disease. Lastly, it was observed that PARP1 inhibition cooperates with currently used genotoxic therapeutic modalities (IR and Docetaxel) in reducing cell survival, dependent on treatment scheduling. In sum, our data identify PARP1 as a critical effector of AR activity at the level of chromatin, and suggest that abrogation of PARP1 function may cooperate with existing therapeutics to improve the response to therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1706.
Remnant Forests of Volcan Cotacachi Northern Ecuador

This study documents the characteristics of upper montane forests within Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve, a protected area in northern Ecuador. On Cotacachi Volcano, there are remnants of forest vegetation extending from about 3650 m down to a crater lake at 3150 m. We examined these forests at four sites located within a deep ravine; the forests were sampled with 50 X 10 m inventory plots placed at 100 m elevation intervals between 3630 and 3330 m. We noted changes in vegetation composition and structure along the altitudinal gradient, as well as variation in these parameters with distance from the forest edge. There were important differences in structure and composition with elevation, but some were unexpected and appear to be related to the influences of past anthropogenic disturbances. For example, the trees at the higher elevations were taller and more massive, suggesting they had not been cut or burned by escaped grassland fires, processes known to have occurred at lower elevations. Little evidence of edge effect was documented within the plots, which is expected if deforestation has converted most of the forest into edge habitat. These patterns may be typical of other remnant forests in the Andes, and provide a basis for understanding the nature of human impact on Andean forests.
Skin Disease Among Latino Farmworkers in North Carolina

An estimated 4.2 million seasonal and migrant farm workers and their dependents live in the U.S. Most of these farmworkers are Latino. These workers are exposed to numerous occupational and environmental risk factors that can result in skin disease. Few data exist on the prevalence of skin disease in this population. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and predictors of skin disease in a sample of Latino farmworkers in North Carolina. A sample of 59 farmworkers was recruited and interviewed at two camps during the 2004 agricultural season. A dermatologist completed a skin exam of each worker and recorded any skin disease present. Forty-two (77.7%) of the 54 men, and all five of the women examined had a diagnosed skin disease. For the men, onychomycosis (nail fungus, 31.5%), tinea pedis (foot fungus, 27.8%), and acne (24.1%) were the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases, with contact dermatitis diagnosed in 5.6% of the sample. Other diagnoses included scars, sunburn, and atopic dermatitis. Among the women, diagnoses included melasma (dark patches on the face, 2 cases), xerosis (excessively dry skin, 1 case), tinea pedis (2 cases), onychomycosis (1 case), acne (1 case), and insect bites (1 case). There were no statistically significant differences between workers in the two camps despite different growing seasons and different crops harvested. Skin disease is prevalent among the North Carolina Latino farmworkers who participated in this study, with fungal disease being the most prevalent.
Isomeric cross sections for the (n, 2n) reaction on 82Se, 81Br, and 45Sc at 15.1 MeV

Abstract Activation techniques have been used to measure the cross sections at 15.1 MeV neutron energy for the following reactions: 82Se(n, 2n)81m+gSe, 81Br(n, 2n)80m+gBr, and 45Sc(n, 2n) 44m+gSc. Isomeric cross-section ratios were evaluated by applying the method of least squares to the time behavior of γ-ray activity following the ground-state decay of each isomeric pair. The absolute cross section σm for the formation of the metastable state was measured by the mixed-powder method with the 27Al(n, α)24Na reaction as the monitor. The cross section σg for the formation of the ground state was then determined by using the isomeric cross-section ratio. The sum of σm and σg for each reaction is compared with the theoretical value obtained from calculations based on the statistical model for the formation of a compound nucleus and its subsequent emission of neutrons.
Small molecule peptidomimetic inhibitors of importin α/β mediated nuclear transport

Nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is a fundamental process of eukaryotic cells. Translocation of proteins and many RNAs between the nucleus and cytoplasm is carried out by shuttling receptors of the β-karyopherin family, also called importins and exportins. Leptomycin B, a small molecule inhibitor of the exportin CRM1, has proved to be an invaluable tool for cell biologists, but up to now no small molecule inhibitors of nuclear import have been described. We devised a microtiter plate based permeabilized cell screen for small molecule inhibitors of the importin α/β pathway. By analyzing peptidomimetic libraries, we identified β-turn and α-helix peptidomimetic compounds that selectively inhibit nuclear import by importin α/β but not by transportin. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that large aromatic residues and/or a histidine side chain are required for effective import inhibition by these compounds. Our validated inhibitors can be useful for in vitro studies of nuclear import, and can also provide a framework for synthesis of higher potency nuclear import inhibitors.
Charge-transfer complexes of dioxygen, Lewis acid halides and aromatic hydrocarbons

Ternary complexes of dioxygen with one of the following halides: BF3, BCl3, GeF4, PF5, AlCl3, SiCl4, SnCl4 and TiCl4, and one of hexamethylbenzene, mesitylene, anthracene and 9,10-dimethylanthracene have been identified by UV spectroscopy.
Overexpression of cadherins and underexpression of β-catenin inhibit dorsal mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos

Abstract The cadherin-catenin complex has an important role in cell-cell adhesion and may also function in signaling pathways. We report that overexpression of three cadherin types in Xenopus embryos causes them to develop with reduced dorsal axial structures. The same phenotype is produced in embryos that have been depleted of maternal β-catenin protein by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to β-catenin mRNA. They show an inhibition in the expression of dorsal mesodermal markers MyoD and goosecoid , but not of ventral and general mesodermal markers. They lack notochords, somites, and neural tubes and are defective in dorsal mesodermal signaling in Nieuwkoop assays. The phenotype can be rescued by the injection of β-catenin mRNA and not by the injection of Xwnt-8 mRNA. These results show that β-catenin has an important role in dorsal mesoderm induction. They directly demonstrate the activity of a maternal mRNA in axis specification.
Analysis of An Intervention to Reduce or Prevent Secondary Conditions for People with Spinal Cord Injuries

People with acute spinal cord injuries (SCI) are at risk for developing secondary conditions such as pressure sores, urinary tract infections, pain, weight gain and deconditioning, and depression. This study analyzed the effectiveness of an Internet assessment and feedback tool in determining secondary condition risk for this population based on individual responses to a knowledge and behavioral questionnaire. Seventy-one people with newly-diagnosed SCI who were treated at one of five Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems Centers were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition in which they received computerized feedback and one-on-one consultations based on their online questionnaire answers, or to a control condition in which they received no feedback until the study's completion. One year after the initial assessment, the online questionnaire was re-administered to all participants as a post-test. Three times between the pre- and post-test assessments researchers telephoned participants to administer phone surveys probing secondary condition development. Results indicate there were significant differences among race groups and between complete and incomplete injury status for pressure sore occurrence. This study represents a new era of interactive technology in health promotion that can serve as a basis for future research to decrease secondary condition risk for people with SCI.
Parsing Word-Aligned Parallel Corpora in a Grammar Induction Context

We present an Earley-style dynamic programming algorithm for parsing sentence pairs from a parallel corpus simultaneously, building up two phrase structure trees and a correspondence mapping between the nodes. The intended use of the algorithm is in bootstrapping grammars for less studied languages by using implicit grammatical information in parallel corpora. Therefore, we presuppose a given (statistical) word alignment underlying in the synchronous parsing task; this leads to a significant reduction of the parsing complexity. The theoretical complexity results are corroborated by a quantitative evaluation in which we ran an implementation of the algorithm on a suite of test sentences from the Europarl parallel corpus.
General concepts in zoonotic disease control.

Zoonotic diseases are defined as being common to, shared by, or naturally transmitted between human beings and other vertebrate animals. Some agents might be transmitted to the person by direct contact with infected cats. Enteric zoonoses and those associated with bites and scratches are likely the most common feline zoonoses. Direct contact with respiratory secretions, urogenital secretions, or infected skin and exudates could also result in human infections. People could also be infected by a zoonotic agent via contaminated food or water, from shared vectors, or from the shared environment. Recommendations for cat ownership were recently made by a panel formed by the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) [1]. This article is adapted from those recommendations and a review written by the author [2]. General guidelines for cat owners and veterinarians from the AAFP are listed in Boxes 1 and 2. Most of the agents discussed here can infect and cause disease in anyone who is exposed, but disease is sometimes more common or more severe in immunodeficient individuals. Zoonotic disease agents are generally not acquired from healthy cats; thus, the owner does not need to relinquish his or her pet in most cases. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s on-line publication, Preventing infections from pets; a guide for people with HIV infection, states: ‘‘You do not have to give up your pet’’ (http:// www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/brochure/oi_pets.htm). The AAFP’s 2003 report on feline zoonoses states: ‘‘All human or animal care providers should provide accurate information to pet owners concerning the risks and benefits of pet ownership so that an informed decision about acquiring and keeping pets can be made’’ [1].
Cytochemical staining and ultrastructural characteristics of peripheral blood leucocytes from the yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta quadrivitatta)

Cytochemical staining and ultrastructural characteristics of peripheral blood leucocytes from the yellow rat snake are described. A panel of cytochemical stains, including demonstration of myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase, alpha-naphthol butyrate esterase and alkaline phosphatase activities; and periodic acid-Schiff and Sudan Black-B staining was performed. Snake heterophils lacked peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity. Azurophils stained positively for all stains except alkaline phosphatase activity. Lymphocytes showed positive acid phosphatase activity. Differentiation of thrombocytes from lymphocytes was very difficult even with cytochemical staining. Only a minor staining difference was observed with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Thrombocytes exhibited coarse, dark, purple stippling usually located in the polar area of the cytoplasm, whereas lymphocyte staining varied from none to very fine, pale pink granules dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Ultrastructural characteristics were similar to those of mammalian leucocytes with the exception that the snake basophil granules have no crystalline matrix, and heterophil granules appeared as large, elongate, membrane bound structures of varying density with no distinct core or matrix.
A Generic Binary Tree-Based Progressive Demosaicking Method for Multispectral Filter Array

The technique of multispectral filter array (MSFA) is a multispectral extension of the widely deployed color filter array (CFA), which uses single chip sensors and subsequent interpolation strategies to produce full color images. However, multispectral demosaicking presents unique challenges to traditional CFA demosaicking algorithms which cannot be directly extended to deal with various filter arrays with different numbers of spectral bands or different spatial patterns within each band. In addition, the more spectral bands involved, the more sparse each band samples the image plane, and the less information we can utilize when performing the interpolation. In this paper, we study a generic MSFA demosaicking method, which follows a binary tree structure to determine the order according to which different spectral bands and different pixel locations within each band are progressively interpolated, making the edge information utilized more effectively. The proposed method is demonstrated to outperform three traditional interpolation techniques as well as three advanced CFA demosaicking methods using two performance measures, the root mean square error (RMSE) for reconstruction fidelity and the classification accuracy for target recognition performance.
Hyperactive children as adolescents: how they describe themselves.

We interviewed 81 subjects who had been diagnosed as having the “hyperactive child syndrome” two to five years previously, and who were 12 to 16 years old at follow-up. About half of them reported that they were restless, impatient, irritable and impulsive, and found it hard to study. In general the subjects' reports agreed well with their mothers', but there was obvious disagreement over whether they were liked by others. Two out of five subjects had low self-esteem, but this characteristic was not associated with antisocial behavior.
The receptor for the globular "heads" of C1q, gC1q-R, binds to fibrinogen/fibrin and impairs its polymerization.

The 33-kDa cellular C1q binding protein, designated gC1q-R was previously shown to bind a number of plasma proteins involved in the coagulation and kinin systems. This study demonstrates the interaction between recombinant gC1q-R and fibrinogen. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, biotinylated gC1q-R was found to bind to microplate-immobilized fibrinogen in a manner which was specific and inhibited by excess soluble fibrinogen or polyclonal antibodies directed against either gC1q-R or fibrinogen. Moreover, gC1q-R inhibited fibrin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner. Reptilase induced fibrin clot formation was completely inhibited by gC1q-R at a 2:1 molar ratio (gC1q-R:fibrinogen), and repolymerization of thrombin induced fibrin monomers was similarly abrogated. At equivalent molar concentrations, gC1q-R appeared to be a more potent inhibitor of fibrin polymerization than fibrinogen, a well-known inhibitor. Moreover, in the presence of both gC1q-R and soluble fibrinogen, the effect of each inhibitor on fibrin polymerization was additive. When plasmin derived fibrinogen degradation products, including the C-terminal D domain (D-100) or the N-terminal E domain, were immobilized on microtiter plates, gC1q-R bound to fibrinogen fragment D-100, but not to fragment E. Further digestion of fibrinogen fragment D-100 by plasmin to fragment D-60 resulted in loss of gC1q-R binding. Thus, gC1q-R binds to the D domain of fibrinogen/fibrin, and the carboxyterminal segment of at least the fibrinogen/fibrin γ chain appears important for this interaction. These observations may suggest a potential role for gC1q-R in modulating fibrin formation particularly at local sites of immune injury or inflammation.
pH-Dependent membrane interactions of diphtheria toxin: A genetic approach

A genetic approach is described for exploring the mechanism by which diphtheria toxin undergoes pH-dependent membrane insertion and transfer of its enzymic A fragment into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. The cloned toxin expressed inEscherichia coli is secreted to the periplasmic space, where it is processed normally and folds into a native structure. When bacteria synthesizing the toxin are exposed to pH 5, they die rapidly. The toxin undergoes a conformational change that is believed to allow it to be inserted into the bacterial inner membrane and form channels, which proves lethal for the cell. The membrane insertion event mimics the process by which the toxin inserts into the endosomal membrane of mammalian cells, leading to release of the enzymic A fragment into the cytoplasm. The observation of pH-dependent bacterial lethality provides the basis for a positive genetic selection method for mutant forms of the toxin that are altered in ability to undergo membrane insertion or pore formation.
Client-Clinician Relationships and Concomitant Factors in Stuttering Therapy

Interrelationships among client progress in stuttering therapy, the nature of the affect interchange between client and clinician, and certain personality characteristics of both client and clinici...
Homozygous deletions define a region of 8p23.2 containing a putative tumor suppressor gene.

Loss of heterozygosity at microsatellite loci in chromosomal band 8p23.2 is a frequent event in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, suggesting that this region contains a putative tumor suppressor. Allelic loss studies on laryngeal and oral/oropharyngeal tumors have restricted the size of this region to ∼1 cM. A similar pattern of deletions is also observed in prostatic and ovarian adenocarcinomas. As part of an effort to identify this gene by positional cloning, we developed a physical contig consisting of 12 overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones spanning this interval. We developed sequence-tagged sites from the ends of these BACs and used them, along with seven microsatellite loci, to detect and map homozygous deletions in four head and neck squamous cancer cell lines. Our mapping analysis further restricted the consensus minimal region of deletion to a <191-kb interval.
Density-matrix renormalization-group study of the polaron problem in the Holstein model

We propose a density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) approach to study lattices including bosons. The key to the approach is an exact mapping of a boson site containing ${2}^{N}$ states to $N$ pseudosites, each with 2 states. The pseudosites can be viewed as the binary digits of a boson level. We apply the pseudosite DMRG method to the polaron problem in the one- and two-dimensional Holstein models. Ground-state results are presented for a wide range of electron-phonon coupling strengths and phonon frequencies on lattices large enough (up to 80 sites in one dimension and up to $20\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}20$ sites in two dimensions) to eliminate finite-size effects, with up to 128 phonon states per phonon mode. We find a smooth but quite abrupt crossover from a quasi-free-electron ground state with a slightly renormalized mass at weak electron-phonon coupling to a polaronic ground state with a large effective mass at strong coupling, in agreement with previous studies.
27. Genetic improvement of trees and shrubs used in windbreaks

Abstract Genetically improved planting stock of trees and shrubs used in windbreaks and shelterbelts is available for very few species. Improvements are needed in survival, cold and drought hardiness, pest resistance, growth rate, crown form, foliage color and other miscellaneous traits. Genetic gains in these traits will increase the survival of planting stock, reduce the cost of establishment and improve the performance of trees and shrubs as efficient components of windbreaks. Seven basic steps are used for the genetic improvement of most tree and shrub species: (1) assess the range of genetic variation; (2) select superior phenotypes; (3) intermate selected phenotypes; (4) progeny test; (5) select superior progeny; (6) propagate selected trees and establish seed orchards; (7) release improved cultivars. The three following low-intensity, low-cost activities can accomplish significant improvements in a short period of time: (1) label planting stock as to seed source; (2) use local seed sources; (3) collect seed from superior stands or trees. Genetically-improved planting stock currently available is shown in tables that list the species, cultivars, type of seed production facility, area of adaptation and the agencies or institutions responsible for maintaining propagules of tree and shrub species that are commonly used in windbreak plantings.
Critical appraisal of transesophageal echocardiography in cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and an important health concern in the United States because of the increasing aging population. Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm to relieve symptoms and to reduce the incidence of thromboembolism is now common practice. Recently, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-facilitated cardioversion emerged as an acceptable therapeutic alternative owing to the assumption that early cardioversion can obviate many of the concerns and disadvantages associated with the conventional approach. We review the current standing of TEE-facilitated early cardioversion vis-a-vis the salient cardioversion issues and its potential future role amid evolving cardioversion paradigms.
FACTORS AFFECTING COLOR AND APPEARANCE OF CORN TORTILLAS

. A study is described which examined the relative contributions of production and post-production variables on color and appearance of corn tortillas. Tortillas processed at three production sites were stored under exact marketing conditions in refrigerated display cases in three supermarkets. Reflectance measurements and visual evaluations immediately on delivery showed that processing variables contributed heavily to initial appearance and color differences. Rate of appearance deterioration on storage was affected by both processing and storage variables. The rate and magnitude of visually perceived changes on storage was not paralleled by a similar rate and magnitude of change in diffuse reflectance characteristics. This suggests that the visually perceived changes were due to structural rather than color changes.
The Zodiacal Emission Spectrum as Determined by COBE and its Implications

We combine observations from the DIRBE and FIRAS instruments on the COBE satellite to derive an annually-averaged spectrum of the zodiacal cloud in the 10 to 1000 micron wavelength region. The spectrum exhibits a break at approx. 150 microns which indicates a sharp break in the dust size distribution at a radius of about 30 microns The spectrum can be fit with a single blackbody with a lambda(exp -2) emissivity law beyond 150 microns and a temperature of 240 K. We also used a more realistic characterization of the cloud to fit the spectrum, including a distribution of dust temperatures, representing different dust compositions and distances from the sun, as well as a realistic representation of the spatial distribution of the dust. We show that amorphous carbon and silicate dust with respective temperatures of 280 and 274 K at 1 AU, and size distributions with a break at grain radii of 14 and 32 microns, can provide a good fit to the average zodiacal dust spectrum. The total mass of the zodiacal cloud is 2 to 11 Eg (Eg=10(exp 18) g), depending on the grain composition. The lifetime of the cloud, against particle loss by Poynting- Robertson drag and the effects of solar wind, is about 10(exp 5) yr. The required replenishment rate is approx. 10(exp 14) g/yr. If this is provided by asteroid belt alone, the asteroids lifetime would be approx. 3 x 10(exp 10) yr. But comets and Kuiper belt objects may also contribute to the zodiacal cloud.
Use of full-column imaging capillary isoelectric focusing for the rapid determination of the operating conditions in the preparative-scale continuous free-flow isoelectric focusing separation of enantiomers

A rapid, simple method is proposed here for the identification of the experimental conditions that lead to satisfactory preparative-scale isoelectric focusing enantiomer separations in continuous free-flow electrophoretic units. The method first calls for the use of a commercially available, full-column imaging capillary electrophoretic system to find the background electrolyte composition that generates the largest pI difference between the bands of the enantiomers. The method then calls for the finding of the minimum residence time that permits full development of the pH gradient across the separation chamber of the continuous free-flow electrophoretic unit by measuring the pH in the sample-free carrier electrolyte fractions collected during these runs. Finally, the quality of the predicted preparative-scale separation is verified by analyzing the enantiomer-containing collected fractions by capillary electrophoresis using a 14-sulfated, single-isomer cyclodextrin as resolving agent. The pI difference values and production rate values observed in this work agree well with the literature values that were obtained by much more time-consuming methods.
Depensatory Mortality, Density‐Dependent Growth, and Delayed Compensation: Disentangling the Interplay of Mortality, Growth, and Density during Early Life Stages of Yellow Perch

Abstract We present long-term (>40-year) patterns in the density of age-0 yellow perch Perca flavescens in Oneida Lake at four early life stages (at egg deposition, at the attainment of a total length of 18 mm, on 1 August, and on 15 October), from which we calculated mortality and growth rates during the three intervals between these early life stages. At each of these stages, age-0 yellow perch densities have been lower in recent years than in the 1960s and 1970s. Mortality rates showed no time trend from egg to 18 mm (interval 1 [the larval stage]), increased from 18 mm to 1 August (interval 2 [the limnetic stage]), and decreased from 1 August to 15 October (interval 3 [the demersal stage]). We also tested previous hypotheses for density-dependent effects on mortality and growth using the entire long-term data set. Contrary to expectations from the 1960s, the mortality rates of age-0 yellow perch in Oneida Lake are no longer depensatory. Overall, the growth rate of age-0 yellow perch has increased over...
Nonnegative definite and positive definite solutions to the matrix equation AXA * = B

The general nonegative definite solution to the matrix equation AXA* = B is established in a form which can be viewed as advantageous over that derived by Khatri and Mitra (1976). The problem of determining an existence criterion and a representation of a positive definite to this equation is considered.
Treatment of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux using endoscopic injection of hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel: intermediate-term experience by a single surgeon.

Objectives Endoscopic injection of non–animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel is an increasingly recognized treatment option for vesicoureteral reflux. The procedure is minor compared with open surgery and, when successful, avoids the need for long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. We present data from 3 years of using non–animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel to treat children with vesicoureteral reflux. Methods Pediatric patients aged 16 years with uncomplicated primary vesicoureteral reflux were recruited for endoscopic treatment with non–animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel. A follow-up voiding cystourethrogram was scheduled at 2 weeks after treatment, and vesicoureteral reflux resolution was defined as grade 0. Repeat non–animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel treatment was offered to patients with persistent vesicoureteral reflux. Results Of 178 patients treated, 12 were lost to follow-up or yet to undergo post-treatment voiding cystourethrogram. The 166 remaining patients (efficacy population) had a mean age of 4.21 years (range: 0-16), and the median reflux grade was 3 (range: 1-5). Vesicoureteral reflux was resolved in 81.9% of patients and 86.4% of ureters after initial endoscopic treatment with non–animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel. The overall reflux resolution rate for patients increased to 89.6% after a second treatment in 19 patients, and 90.2% after a third treatment in 1 patient. No adverse events were reported. Five patients underwent open ureteral reimplantation after failed endoscopic injections. Conclusions Endoscopic treatment with non–animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel is effective in a high proportion of children with vesicoureteral reflux and, in our opinion, should be considered as a first-line treatment option.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER KING MEMORIAL DINNER.

5. Security of tenure and freedom from unjust political interference, as assured to chiefs of fire departments under the fire insurance rating plan, should under the industrial and life insurance plan provide for similar guarantees for the health officer. 6. It is susceptible of proof that there is economic justification for both plans. 7. The economic importance and social life values involved are so great as to warrant early consideration of any plan that appears to offer a solution to this most important and vital problem. REFERENCES
Direct MRI detection of neuronal magnetic fields in the brain: Theoretical modeling

Whether MRI can be used for direct detection of neuronal activity is a matter of debate. Controversial theoretical and experimental results have been reported. Here, we present an improved current-dipole model to compute magnetic field generated by neural firing and to calculate MRI signal changes resulting from the neuronal magnetic field (NMF). Each dendrite or each unmyelinated axon was modeled as a modified current-dipole. NMF were estimated based on a synchronized activity of multiple neurons. Sensitivity of using phase and magnitude MRI to measure effects of NMF was evaluated. Our results show that NMF can potentially generate up to a few percent changes in MRI magnitude signals. Phases of MRI signal tend to be destructively added and are insensitive to NMF in the activated region when the distribution of the activated dendrites is symmetrical. Phases could be detected when the distribution of the activated dendrites is asymmetrical and on some neighboring voxels. Our modeling implies that direct MRI detection of neuronal activity is possible.
Correlation of GAP-43 immunoreactivity with subpopulations of chromaffin cells in rat adrenal medulla

The neuronal growth-associated protein (GAP-43) is widely expressed during embryonic growth and axonal regeneration and has been thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity in adult animals. In contrast to the exclusively presynaptic pattern of GAP-43 immunoreactivity in sympathetic ganglia, GAP-43 intensely and selectively labeled the noradrenergic subpopulation of adult rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cell bodies, a pattern which persisted with adrenal denervation. Adjacent adrenergic islands containing neuropeptide Y and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase immunoreactivity failed to express GAP-43. The immunohistochemical appearance of GAP-43 was qualitatively unchanged in the adrenal medulla of aged and diabetic rats, conditions in which the sympathoadrenal axis is thought to be dysfunctional.
Heat Transfer in a Viscous Liquid Between Concentric Rotating Spheres

Es wird das Problem der Warmeubertragung in einem viskosen Fluid betrachtet. Das fluide Medium befindet sich zwischen einem Paar konzentrischer Kugelschalen, die mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit um ihre gemeinsame Achse rotieren. Die Losungen fur die dimensionslose Form der Energiegleichung, unter Einbeziehung der viskosen Dissipationsterme, werden fur kleine Reynolds-Zahlen erhalten. Zwei Typen der thermischen Randbedingungen werden verwendet, namlich (i), wenn die Kugelschalen auf verschiedenen konstanten Temperaturen gehalten werden, und (ii) der Fall, wo eine Kugelschale auf konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, wahrend die andere thermisch isoliert wird. Der Storungsansatz wird benutzt, um die Losungen abzuleiten, die fur verschiedene Werte der Prandtl-Zahl, Eckert-Zahl und des Parameters, der das Verhaltnis der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten der zwei Kugelschalen beschreibt, graphisch dargestellt werden. Einige interessante Eigenschaften des Temperaturfeldes werden aus diesen Diagrammen abgelesen. The problem of heat transfer in a viscous fluid is treated. The fluid is confined between a pair of concentric spheres which rotate with different angular velocities about a common axis. The solutions for the non-dimensional form of the energy equation, with the inclusion of viscous dissipation terms, are derived treating the Reynolds number to be small. Two types of thermal boundary conditions are used, namely, (i) where the spheres are maintained at different constant temperatures and (ii) where one is maintained at a constant temperature while the other sphere is thermally insulated. The regular perturbation is utilized to derive those solutions which are then plotted for different values of the Prandtl number, Eckert number and the parameter which takes into account the ratio of the rotational velocities of the two spheres. Some interesting features of the temperature field are observed through these plots.