cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying potential savings from sustainable energy projects at a large public university: An energy efficiency assessment for texas state university

Abstract At Texas State University (TSU) in the United States, “sustainability” is pursued within the context of (1) a non-binding declaration in the University’s plan, and (2) a State legislative directive to reduce energy consumption. Grounded in these direct links between sustainability and energy use, this paper evaluates energy efficiency at TSU. The aim of the applied case study is to inventory current (business as usual) energy consumption levels at TSU, and to understand how those levels might change under a regime of more sustainable energy technology. The paper performs financial analysis to show that selected sustainable energy projects can not only reduce energy use at TSU, and thereby strengthen the University’s commitment to sustainability. Sustainable energy projects will also save the University money in the long run. The case study draws on a sample of the 13 on-campus buildings with the highest current levels of energy consumption. The approach of the paper is to determine the level of attractiveness of investing in new technology by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) in terms of financial savings every year (simple payback) or a more extended period (cash flow model). The environmental impact is calculated in terms of CO2 emission based on Scope 2 methodology. We find that TSU could achieve annual electricity savings of 15,391,436 kWh (17% of its annual energy costs) from implementing selected projects and save more than $1,000,000 in annual costs. Overall, TSU could reduce CO2 emissions by 12,561.81 metric tons. The shortest payback period belongs to the pump replacement, and the most significant annual kWh saving is represented by the replacement of the lighting system. Solar panel installation has the highest upfront investment reaching more than $7 million, while its implementation will bring the highest environmental impact by avoiding 2926.81 metric tonnes of CO2 every year. However, the recommended minimum cost of energy at 14–16 (¢/kWh) for solar panel implementation cannot compete with the 8 cents per kWh paid for the electricity at San Marcos. The findings have immediate practical relevance for campus planning at TSU, and the methods are replicable and extendable for use by practitioners and researchers at other Universities or large institutions.
Altered β-Cell Calcium Dynamics via Electric Field Exposure

Electric field stimulation has long been investigated with results supporting its therapeutic potential; however, its effects on insulin secreting cells has yet to be fully elucidated. Herein we explored the effects of physiological direct current (DC) electric field stimulation on the intracellular calcium dynamics of mouse derived βTC-6 insulinoma cells. This electrical stimulation resulted in an elevation in intracellular calcium along with a rise in calcium spiking activity. Further investigation indicated that the rise in intracellular calcium was mediated by an influx of calcium via L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Additionally, the effects of the electric field stimulation were able to induce insulin secretion in the absence of glucose stimulation. Given these results, DC electric field stimulation could be used as a non-invasive tool to modulate intracellular calcium dynamics and insulin secretion of β-cells for therapeutic application.
Immune-profiling of ZIKV-infected patients identifies a distinct function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells for immune cross-regulation

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen with increasing public health significance. To characterize immune responses to ZIKV, here we examine transcriptional signatures of CD4 T, CD8 T, B, and NK cells, monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from three individuals with ZIKV infection. While gene expression patterns from most cell subsets display signs of impaired antiviral immune activity, pDCs from infected host have distinct transcriptional response associated with activation of innate immune recognition and type I interferon signaling pathways, but downregulation of key host factors known to support ZIKV replication steps; meanwhile, pDCs exhibit a unique expression pattern of gene modules that are correlated with alternative cell populations, suggesting collaborative interactions between pDCs and other immune cells, particularly B cells. Together, these results point towards a discrete but integrative function of pDCs in the human immune responses to ZIKV infection.
Delayed adjuvant radiotherapy in early-stage cervical cancer with intermediate-risk features has a detrimental effect on survival that cannot be corrected by adjuvant chemotherapy.

6037Background: GOG-0263 is currently investigating the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) concurrently with radiotherapy (RT) in patients with early stage cervical cancer that underwent radical hy...
Learning characteristic rules in a target language

In this paper we present a decision-tree type of construction algorithm for learning characteristic rules in terms of the preferred language of a learning situation. The preferred target language for learning is specified in terms of a set of relations, each of which represents a domain specific concept. We present an optimality criterion for learning the characteristic rules which is different from that for learning the discrimination rules.
Sharp threshold for the Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado theorem

For positive integers $n$ and $k$ with $n\geq 2k+1$, the Kneser graph $K(n,k)$ is the graph with vertex set consisting of all $k$-sets of $\{1,\dots,n\}$, where two $k$-sets are adjacent exactly when they are disjoint. Let $K_p(n,k)$ be a random spanning subgraph of $K(n,k)$ where each edge is included independently with probability $p$. Bollobas, Narayanan, and Raigorodskii asked for what $p$ does $K_p(n,k)$ have the same independence number as $K(n,k)$ with high probability. For $n=2k+1$, we prove a hitting time result, which gives a sharp threshold for this problem at $p=3/4$. Additionally, completing work of Das and Tran and work of Devlin and Kahn, we determine a sharp threshold function for all $n>2k+1$.
Cortical Hub for Flavor Sensation in Rodents

The experience of eating is inherently multimodal, combining intraoral gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory signals into a single percept called flavor. As foods and beverages enter the mouth, movements associated with chewing and swallowing activate somatosensory receptors in the oral cavity, dissolve tastants in the saliva to activate taste receptors, and release volatile odorant molecules to retronasally activate olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium. Human studies indicate that sensory cortical areas are important for intraoral multimodal processing, yet their circuit-level mechanisms remain unclear. Animal models allow for detailed analyses of neural circuits due to the large number of molecular tools available for tracing and neuronal manipulations. In this review, we concentrate on the anatomical and neurophysiological evidence from rodent models towards a better understanding of the circuit-level mechanisms underlying the cortical processing of flavor. While more work is needed, the emerging view pertaining to the multimodal processing of food and beverages is that the piriform, gustatory, and somatosensory cortical regions do not function solely as independent areas. Rather they act as an intraoral "cortical-hub", simultaneously receiving and processing multimodal sensory information from the mouth to produce the rich and complex flavor experience that guides consummatory behavior.
Distributions on Minimalist Grammar Derivations

We present three ways of inducing probability distributions on derivation trees produced by Minimalist Grammars, and give their maximum likelihood estimators. We argue that a parameterization based on locally normalized log-linear models balances competing requirements for modeling expressiveness and computational tractability.
Total, free, and complexed prostate-specific antigen levels among US men, 2007–2010

Abstract Background Screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is common. Prostate cancer has been associated with higher total PSA (tPSA), lower free PSA (fPSA), lower percent free PSA (%fPSA), and higher complexed PSA (cPSA). Methods Total, free and complexed PSAs were performed on 3251 men ≥ 40 years in the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Distributions of the PSA tests were examined by age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI) groups. Percentages of men at PSA thresholds were examined. Results Total PSA geometric mean was 0.96 μg/l among men aged ≥ 40 years and increased from 0.74 μg/l for men 40–49 years, to 1.82 μg/l for men 80 years and older. Non-Hispanic Whites had lower age-adjusted mean tPSA (1.03 μg/l) and cPSA (0.56 μg/l) than non-Hispanic Blacks (tPSA 1.25 μg/l and cPSA 0.72 μg/l). Obese men had lower age-adjusted mean total, free and complexed PSAs (0.94, 0.27, and 0.51 μg/l, respectively) than men with normal BMI (tPSA 1.21, fPSA 0.32, and cPSA 0.68 μg/l, respectively). Conclusion Total, free and complexed PSAs increased with age; tPSA and cPSAs were highest in non-Hispanic Blacks; and total, free, and complexed PSAs were lowest in obese men.
The Trans Panic Defense: Heteronormativity, and the Murder of Transgender Women

When a heterosexual man is charged with murdering a transgender woman with whom he has been sexually intimate, an increasingly common defense strategy is to assert what has been called the trans panic defense. The defendant claiming trans panic will say that his discovery that the victim was biologically male (when he thought the victim was biologically female) provoked him into a heat of passion and caused him to lose his self-control. If the jury finds that the defendant was actually and reasonably provoked, it can acquit him of murder and find him guilty of the lesser offense of voluntary manslaughter. Claims of trans panic are troubling because they appeal to stereotypes about transgender individuals as sexually deviant, abnormal people. In August of 2013, the American Bar Association passed a resolution to limit the use of gay panic and trans panic arguments. In the attached article, which is approximately 23,000 words, including footnotes, Cynthia Lee and Peter Kwan examine the cultural structures of masculinity that may lead a man to kill a transgender woman with whom he has been sexually intimate. Building on Professor Angela Harris’ important work on male-on-male violence, we argue that violence by men against transgender women is a type of gender violence that has not received the attention it deserves. We use masculinities theories to unpack the possible motivations behind the claim of trans panic. We also discuss how structures of heteronormativity and masculinity as well as the doctrine of provocation itself can encourage the jury to find that the defendant who claims trans panic was reasonably provoked. We argue that in addition to educating jurors about the discrimination and violence faced by transgender individuals because of their chosen gender identity, prosecutors should educate jurors about the structures of masculinity that make trans panic arguments appealing. We also argue that the current understanding of reasonableness in provocation doctrine — reasonableness as that which is typical — is misguided. We suggest reasonableness is better understood as a normative limitation on the provocation defense. Accordingly, the jury should assess not just whether the average man in the defendant’s shoes would have been provoked but also whether it was normatively appropriate for the defendant to be so provoked.
Inside Feminist Classrooms: Not A Simple Or Singular Story

The Feminist Classroom, Frances A. Maher and Mary Kay Thompson Tetreault. New York: Basic Books, 1994. 303 pp., $25.00 (cloth), ISBN: 0-465-03302–4.
Fisheries Stock Assessment

Natural resource modeling of fisheries is called stock assessment and is crucial for proper fisheries management. This paper reviews the commonly used models, the data needed, and the parameter estimation methods for these models in fisheries stock assessment. Fisheries management strategy evaluation and decision analysis, which are based on the models developed and the estimated parameters, are discussed. Newly developed models and modeling techniques are also reviewed briefly. Keywords: fisheries; stock assessment; population dynamics; management; decision analysis
Threads Yield Continuations

Just as a traditional continuation represents the rest of a computation from a given point in the computation, a subcontinuation represents the rest of a subcomputation from a given point in the subcomputation. Subcontinuations are more expressive than traditional continuations and have been shown to be useful for controlling tree-structured concurrency, yet they have previously been implemented only on uniprocessors. This article describes a concurrent implementation of one-shot subcontinuations. Like one-shot continuations, one-shot subcontinuations are first-class but may be invoked at most once, a restriction obeyed by nearly all programs that use continuations. The techniques used to implement one-shot subcontinuations may be applied directly to other one-shot continuation mechanisms and may be generalized to support multi-shot continuations as well. A novel feature of the implementation is that continuations are implemented in terms of threads. Because the implementation model does not rely upon any special language features or compilation techniques, the model is applicable to any language or language implementation that supports a small set of thread primitives.
From States' Rights Blues to Blue States' Rights: Federalism After the Rehnquist Court

The Rehnquist Court dramatically revived the structural principles of federalism as grounds for judicial invalidation of statutes. For most of the twentieth century, the federal and state governments had been left to bargain or fight over their relationship in the realm of politics. The Rehnquist Court, by contrast, increasingly held that this relationship was a matter to be refereed in the courts. The Court grounded this approach in the history of the Founding: “Dual sovereignty is a defining feature of our Nation’s constitutional blueprint. States, upon ratification of the Constitution, did not consent to become mere appendages of the Federal Government. Rather, they entered the Union with their sovereignty intact.”1 In addition, the Court suggested that this relationship required judicial protection, not mere political self-help: “Federalism was our Nation’s own discovery. The Framers split the atom of sovereignty. It was the genius of their idea that our citizens would have two political capacities, one state and one federal, each protected from incursion by the other.”2 For the most part, the Rehnquist Court’s federalist revival restrained the federal government from incursion upon the states.3 In some lines of decision, the Court held that Congress had exceeded the scope of its powers.4 In others, it held that a federal law had wrongly intruded upon the sovereign autonomy of the states.5 Whether enforcing such internal or external limits on federal power, the Rehnquist Court took significant steps to rebalance power between the state and federal governments. The Court revived normative arguments for self-rule at more local levels of government and found textual and structural bases for vindicating such
Automated adaptive learning using smart shortest path algorithm for course units

The graph is a significant, considerable, and efficient representation of online courses in the computer based implementation of an educational system. E-learning and M-learning systems are modeled as weighted directed graphs where each node represents a course unit. The learning Path Graph represents and describes the structure of domain knowledge as well as the learning goals and all available learning paths. In this paper we propose an optimal adaptive learning path algorithm using learner information from the learner's profile to improve E-learning and M-learning system in order to provide suitable course content sequence in a dynamic form for each learner.
Norms, Behavioral Compliance, and Status Attribution in International Politics

Extant work on status attribution has largely focused on major powers or state capabilities as key explanatory factors driving these social processes and suggests that status considerations increase conflicts between states. We argue for a more comprehensive approach to status attribution that considers international norms as another major factor that is weighed in the attribution process. We contend that states (policymakers) evaluate one another not only on the basis of economic and military capabilities but also on the extent to which there is behavioral conformance with normative expectations and reward one another dependent upon whether these expectations are met. However, this attribution of status is dependent upon the level of contestation pertaining to that norm. Using a data set that assesses consistency with six different norms (resource transference, multilateralism, economic liberalism, democratic governance, respect for human rights, and peaceful dispute resolution), we find that status attr...
Emotional factors in the etiology of colic in infants.

There is probably no practicing pediatrician who has not attempted to treat the so-called "colicky" baby. Changes in the formula, the type of nipple used and the size of the nipple hole, attempts at posturing the baby, giving warm water, barley water, fennel tea, sedatives, antihistamine drugs, and antispasmodics—all of these have been tried with varied degrees of success but none with spectacular success. It is obvious from the numerous treatments advised that little is really understood as to the true etiology. Is it a reaction to some gastrointestinal allergy; is it due to poor feeding techniques, with subsequent swallowing of air; is it due to a fat or carbohydrate intolerance, or is it related to something more inherent in the physiological structure or emotional environment of the particular child? It seems evident from the abdominal distention, the flexing of the legs, and the passage of flatus that there is undoubtedly abdominal pain. But what causes colicky babies to develop abdominal pain? If one observes these infants he will note that in almost every instance the child can be categorized as a "hypertonic" baby. Such are the active, keyed-up infants so sharply differentiated from more relaxed and placid infants—often from birth. These hypertonic infants react more acutely to their environment, to their unsatisfied needs or to outward stimulation. They react violently to sudden noises, they vomit and regurgitate easily, and they usually sleep shorter periods and less soundly than other infants. On the assumption that this hypentonicity might be related to the colic, a study was instituted in 1947 in an attempt to determine: 1) if relaxation of the baby would cause a disappearance of the symptoms; 2) if there were unsatisfied emotional or physiological needs of the infant causing the child to react with increased hypertonicity and subsequent colic, and 3) if such needs were satisfied could the symptoms of colic be dispelled without resorting to other means such as formula changes, sedatives, rocking or carrying?
Micrononuniformity effects in thin-film photovoltaics

We discuss the effects of micrononuniformities on thin-film photovoltaics. The key factors are the device large area and the presence of potential barriers. We model the nonuniformity effects in terms of random microdiodes connected in parallel through a resistive electrode. Microdiodes of low open circuit voltage affect macroscopically large regions. They strongly reduce the device performance and induce nonuniform degradation in several different modes. We support our predictions with experimental results on CdTe/CdS dot cells.
Trends in Survival After Surgery for Breast Cancer Metastatic to the Brain and Spinal Column in Medicare Patients: A Population-Based Analysis

Background Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are a common occurrence in patients with breast cancer and are identified in up to 30% of patients at autopsy. Objective To determine population-based estimates of survival times after surgical intervention for Medicare patients with metastatic breast cancer to the brain and spinal column. Methods Female breast cancer patients with metastases to the brain and spinal column and undergoing neurosurgical treatment were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Estimates of survival were calculated with Kaplan-Meier estimation and a Cox proportional hazards model. Results There were 643 patients who underwent neurosurgical treatment of metastatic disease from 1986 to 2005. Of these patients, 264 underwent cranial surgery and 379 underwent spinal surgery. There were 40 deaths during the postoperative hospital admission for an inpatient postoperative death rate of 6.2%. Inpatient death has declined by approximately 50% for surgeries performed in the most recent decade; however, the 30-day mortality rate of 9.0% has remained constant. The median postoperative survival after cranial surgery was 7.8 months (95% confidence interval, 6.2-9.2), after laminectomy was 9.4 months (95% confidence interval, 6.3-15.7), and after spinal fusion was 15.7 months (95% confidence interval, 11.9-18.5). Survival after spinal fusion has increased by approximately 50% in the recent decade. Patients with increased survival after cranial surgery were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and had longer periods from breast cancer diagnosis to surgery. Patients with increased survival after spinal neurosurgery had lower-grade lesions and longer time periods from breast cancer diagnosis to surgical treatment. Conclusion After surgically treated metastases, one-third of cranial patients and one-half of spinal patients are alive at 1 year. The overall postoperative survival has increased over time only for spinal fusion procedures.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview

This introductory paper for the Special Series on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) provides an overview of the psychological literature on chronic PTSD. We describe the symptoms of PTSD, the common associated features of the disorder, and common themes in the clinical presentation of traumatized individuals. Epidemiological studies are reviewed that reveal the widespread occurrence of potentially traumatizing events and the prevalence of PTSD among traumatized populations. We next provide an overview of psychological assessment procedures. This is followed by a description of three psychological theories of PTSD that have received a good deal of attention along with their implications for treatment. Two of the most widely applied treatments of PTSD are next reviewed in some detail: direct therapeutic exposure therapy and stress management approaches. Finally, we introduce the six papers that follow in the series in the context of a brief discussion of directions for future research in the field of chronic PTSD.
Out-of-core frequent pattern mining on a commodity PC

In this work we focus on the problem of frequent itemset mining on large, out-of-core data sets. After presenting a characterization of existing out-of-core frequent itemset mining algorithms and their drawbacks, we introduce our efficient, highly scalable solution. Presented in the context of the FPGrowth algorithm, our technique involves several novel I/O-conscious optimizations, such as approximate hash-based sorting and blocking, and leverages recent architectural advancements in commodity computers, such as 64-bit processing. We evaluate the proposed optimizations on truly large data sets,up to 75GB, and show they yield greater than a 400-fold execution time improvement. Finally, we discuss the impact of this research in the context of other pattern mining challenges, such as sequence mining and graph mining.
Limitations of clinical trials in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Purpose of review To review the challenges and limitations of randomized clinical trials in acute respiratory distress syndrome, with special emphasis on those pertaining to ventilatory management. Recent findings Superbly executed randomized trials of ventilatory strategy have garnered deserved attention from the critical care community and yet have illustrated the limitations of our current approach to clinical research in this area. Inexact definitions, incomplete mechanistic understanding of complex pathophysiology, inappropriate outcome variables, diverse therapeutic environments, lengthy data acquisition time and ethical constraints on trial design limit the applicability of randomized control trial methodology to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. As yet, clinical practice does not seem to have been greatly impacted by the implications of completed randomized controlled trials per se. Recent issues, both ethical and interpretive, regarding control group participants have raised troubling and theoretically important issues that are yet to be fully resolved. Summary Without tighter definitions of the condition under treatment, more specific targets for interventions to act upon, stratification that recognizes key interactive elements, and cointerventions based on better mechanistic understanding, randomized controlled trials of new drugs, ventilatory strategy, and other management approaches in acute respiratory distress syndrome are likely to remain a blunt instrument for investigation. As valuable as they are for calling important therapeutic principles to attention and for helping to suggest general guidelines for care, the limitations of randomized controlled trials for treating the individual with acute respiratory distress syndrome must be acknowledged.
Conserving extirpated sites: using habitat quality to manage unoccupied patches for metapopulation persistence

Conservation of metapopulations requires managing extirpated sites, particularly with current threats of increased fragmentation and displacement from global warming. Determining the habitat requirements of threatened species and how they relate to defining characteristics of occupied and unoccupied sites is key to managing suitable habitat in extirpated patches. Due to habitat destruction and degradation, the endangered Ohlone tiger beetle (Cicindela ohlone) is found in only five sites of a once more extensive metapopulation in Santa Cruz County, California. To determine the role of habitat quality in classifying sites, I measured vegetation and ground cover as well as plant and soil composition in sites in which C. ohlone are present, extirpated, and absent. I used conditional inference trees to determine what habitat factors significantly predicted the different sites types. I also analyzed habitat characteristics within present sites to determine factors that predicted egg-laying habitat. As isolation has been shown to be an important driver of metapopulation patch extirpation, I tested the spatial autocorrelation of C. ohlone occupancy to determine if extirpated patches were significantly isolated. Habitat characteristics successfully differentiated nearly 90 % of extirpated plots, which were not isolated from occupied sites. Sites in which C. ohlone are currently present were classified as having at least 10 % cover of bare ground, high forb cover, low litter cover and depth, and high soil bulk density, characteristics that extirpated sites lacked. I illustrate how the defining characteristics could be used to manage habitat in extirpated and absents sites for potential recolonization or translocation, which is vital for metapopulation persistence.
Molecule-Sized Gates Based on Surface-Confined Dendrimers.

Abstract : In this report we demonstrate for the first time that surface confined-dendrimers embedded within self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkylthiols can act as ion gates of molecular dimension. These composite organic thin films are conceptually, structurally, and chemically very similar to the membrane/protein composites found in nature. The key findings of this paper are that dendrimers can be well sealed within self-assembled alkylthiol monolayers and that as a function of the chemical state of the dendrimer, probe molecules can selectively and fully penetrate the dendrimer interior, exchange electrons within the dendrimer, and then diffuse back into the bulk solution. Molecular systems such as these are relevant for applications in electrocatalysis, chemical sensing, and separations.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for mal de debarquement syndrome.

Objective Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a chronic disorder of imbalance characterized by a feeling of rocking and swaying. The disorder starts after prolonged exposure to passive motion such as from a boat or plane. All medical treatment is palliative and symptoms that persist beyond six months show low likelihood of remission. This pilot study explored the feasibility and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as potential treatment for MdDS.
RESONANT-OVERLAP PHENOMENA IN STOCHASTIC LAYERS OF NON-LINEAR HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH PERIODICAL EXCITATIONS

An accurate standard-map approach, instead of the approximate standard-map approach, is developed for the analytical prediction of the onset of a new resonant overlap forming a new resonant-separatrix web in the stochastic layer. This accurate approach applies to the twin-well Duffing oscillator for illustration of the resonant overlap phenomena in stochastic layers. The excitation strengths are obtained analytically for the onset of the specified resonant-separatrix webs in the stochastic layer. This accurate approach gives a very good prediction compared to numerical results for the lower order resonant overlap. When excitation strength is very weak, the accurate and approximate standard-map methods are in good agreement, and the accurate one is applicable to non-linear systems with strong excitations. However, the further improvement should be completed for a more accurate, analytical prediction of the onset of a new resonant overlap in stochastic layers of non-linear Hamiltonian systems with periodical excitations.
SSU71, ENCODING THE LARGEST SUBUNIT OF TFIIF, IS LOCATED ON THE RIGHT ARM OF CHROMOSOME VII IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

SSU71 (TFG1) is an essential nuclear gene encoding the largest subunit of the yeast general transcription factor TFIIF. The SSU71 gene was physically mapped to the right arm of chromosome VII, physically linked to QCR9, by hybridization of the cloned gene to CHEF and lambda clone grid blots. This assignment was confirmed by genetic mapping. A search of the nucleotide sequence databases revealed that SSU71 is immediately adjacent to the TYS1 gene, which encodes tRNA(Tyr) synthetase. TYS1 was reported previously to lie on chromosome XV based on sequence overlap with the adjacent UBR1 gene. The mapping data reported here established that TYS1 and UBR1 do not lie on chromosome XV; rather the SSU71-TYS1-UBR1 gene cluster lies on the right arm of chromosome VII, physically linked to QCR9 and genetically linked to ade3 and ser2.
Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

First described in Japan over 2 decades ago, takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) has emerged as a unique cardiomyopathy with world-wide recognition, mimicking acute coronary syndrome. In early TTC experience, typical patients were older women, with a triggering emotional event, ST-segment elevation, and apical ballooning left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern. However, TTC is now more heterogeneous, occurring in males and younger individuals, without ST-segment elevation, as a spontaneous event in the absence of a trigger, and with diverse LV contraction patterns. Furthermore, TTC is more common than initially thought, now constituting 10% of women with suspected acute coronary syndrome. TTC is also associated with a broader range of psychological or physical triggers, including presentation during outpatient medical evaluations or hospitalization for acute illness. Although TTC has been considered a benign condition, it now carries a small but important risk for adverse outcomes, including cardiac arrest in 5%. Hemodynamic instability requiring intervention with vasopressor drugs or intra-aortic balloon pump is necessary in 15% and in-hospital mortality is approximately 5%, largely because of refractory cardiogenic shock or irreversible major comorbid conditions. Although complete cardiac recovery usually occurs rapidly, post-hospital survival may be less than the general population of similar age, largely because of concomitant illnesses. TTC may reoccur in up to 10% of patients, but β-blocking drugs are not absolutely preventive for initial or subsequent events.
Diabetes and RACE A Historical Perspective

Today, US government sources inform us that Native Americans, Blacks, and Hispanics/Latinos run the greatest risk of developing type 2 diabetes. One hundred years ago, however, Jews were thought to be the population most likely to develop this disease. I evaluated the evidence that the medical and public health communities provided to support the purported link between diabetes and Jews. Diabetes was conceptualized as a Jewish disease not necessarily because its prevalence was high among this population, but because medicine, science, and culture reinforced each other, helping to construct narratives that made sense at the time. Contemporary narratives are as problematic as the erstwhile depiction of diabetes as a disease of Jews.
Vehicle Charging Effects During Electron Beam Emission from the CHARGE-2 Experiment

The CHARGE-2 sounding rocket payload has measured the transient and steady-state charging of a spacecraft in LEO during the emission of a low-power electron beam. The electron beam successfully escaped the emitting spacecraft above 240 km, rather than being degraded by the spacecraft's potentials. These potentials were limited to about half of the 1-kV beam accelerating potential at all latitudes, suggesting that the electron beam was able to escape at altitudes down to 160 km. Electrons created from beam-plasma interactions become increasingly important in the return current below 240 km, and increased with decreasing altitude.
Maize in-Season Growth Response to Organic Acid-Bonded Phosphorus Fertilizer (Carbond P®)

Phosphorus is essential for agriculture, but soil interactions antagonize uptake. An organic acid P fertilizer, Carbond® P (CBP), increases P solubility. One maize (Zea mays L.) glasshouse study on three soils and two field studies were conducted comparing CBP and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on early season growth. In comparison to maize fertilized with APP, CBP fertilization produced significantly more biomass (in two glasshouse soils and one field study), stem thickness (one glasshouse soil and both field studies), plant height (one field study), and P concentration/uptake (one glasshouse soil and one field study). Although not always resulting in significant increases, CBP never resulted in decreases compared to APP. Increases occurred more commonly in highly calcareous soil (6–12%) low in bicarbonate extractable P (7 mg kg−1). Improvements in early and late season growth parameters using CBP compared to APP warrant its use and further investigation to understand its benefits and limitations.
Cloning and sequencing of cDNA for the rat plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

SUMMARY A cDNA encoding rat plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAL1) has been isolated from an HTC rat hepatoma cell cDNA library constructed in phage &tlO. The cDNA contains 118 bp of 5’untranslated sequence, 1206 bp encoding a 402~amino acid (aa) protein and 1747 bp of 3’-untranslated sequence. The protein-coding sequence and the derived amino acid sequence share 82% and 81% identity, respectively, with human PAIcDNA and protein. The rat cDNA encodes a preprotein with a 23-aa leader peptide and a predicted N-terminal serine for the mature protein. Three of four potential ~-~ycosylation acceptor sites as well as the active site of rat PA&l are identical to the human protein. The 3’-~~~slat~ region contains a number of unusual regions, includmg 80 bp of tandemly repeated G,A dinucleotides, a 11 S-bp stretch which shares greater than 90% sequence identity with a region within the 3’-untranslated cDNA of human PAI-1, and two 70-bp stretches of highly T-rich sequence located close to the 3’-terminus of the cDNA.
Interacting with virtual environments: an evaluation of a model of interaction

Abstract There is a need for interface design guidance for virtual environments, in order to avoid common usability problems. To develop such guidance an understanding of user interaction is required. Theoretical models of interaction with virtual environments are proposed, which consist of stages of interaction for task/goal oriented, exploratory and reactive modes of behaviour. The models have been evaluated through user studies and results show the models to be reasonably complete in their predictions about modes and stages of interaction. Particular stages were found to be more predominant than others. The models were shown to be less accurate about the exact flow of interaction between stages. Whilst the general organisation of stages in the models remained the same, stages were often skipped and there was backtracking to previous stages. Results have been used to refine the theoretical models for use in informing interface design guidance for virtual environments.
Extinction and reignition in a diffusion flame: a direct numerical simulation study

The goal of this study is to provide a window into the physics of extinction and reignition via three-dimensional simulations of non-premixed combustion in isotropic decaying turbulence using one-step global reaction and neglecting density variations. Initially non-premixed fields of fuel and oxidant are developing in a turbulent field. Due to straining, the scalar dissipation rate is initially increasing and its fluctuations create extinguished regions on the stoichiometric surface. Later in the process, the stoichiometric surface again becomes uniformly hot. Besides using Eulerian data, this research applies flame element tracking and investigates the time history of individual points (‘flame elements’) along the stoichiometric surface. The main focus of the study is the discussion of the different scenarios of reignition. This paper identifies three major scenarios: independent flamelet scenario, reignition via edge (triple) flame propagation, and reignition through engulfment by a hot neighbourhood. The results give insight into the role different scenarios play in the reignition process, reveal the physical processes associated with each scenario, and provide the relative frequency of reignition for each scenario.
SANS Study of HCl Extraction by Selected Neutral Organophosphorus Compounds in n-Octane

The extraction of HCl by tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tri-n-octyl phosphate (TOP), and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in n-octane was investigated by liquid-liquid distribution of acid and water and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. No formation of a heavy organic phase (third phase) was observed with TEHP and TOP under the experimental conditions used, whereas for 0.4 M TOPO the HCl limiting organic concentration (LOC) at 23°C was 0.32 M (with 5.1 M HCl in the equilibrium aqueous phase). For higher HCl concentrations in the aqueous phase, the organic phase splits into a light and a heavy layer. For TEHP and TOP, the SANS results, interpreted using the Baxter model for hard spheres with surface adhesion, indicated the formation of only small reverse micelles with little intermicellar attraction. For TOPO, the scattering signals suggested the formation of much larger and strongly interacting micelles. The critical values of the stickiness parameter, τ−1, and the interaction pote...
A Variable-Resolution Rotate-Only Computed Tomography Scanner

The Rotoscan is a computed tomographyscanner that combines the advantages of variable geometric resolution and adjustable size of measurement diameter of translate‐rotate scanners with the improved speed of rotate‐only scanners. Because of the small number of only 26 detectors used for this scanner, a special data collection scheme of multiple rotations with interleaved detector positions was employed. In order to avoid angular data interpolation after reordering of the projections from the fan‐ to a parallel‐beam geometry, the detectors were incrementally moved at a right angle to the centerline of the fan rather than rotated about the source. The measurement time of 40 s for one cross‐section is comparable to that of second‐generation systems. However, for longer measurement diameters, the measurement time for second‐generation systems increases, whereas that of the Rotoscan remains constant.
Phosphorylation of protein S by platelet kinases enhances its activated protein C cofactor activity

Protein S (PS) is a multifunctional plasma protein of the hemostatic and inflammatory pathways, although mechanisms for its regulation are poorly understood. Since certain plasma proteins are regulated through extracellular phosphorylation, we investigated whether the anticoagulant activity of PS is regulated through phosphorylation by platelet-secreted kinases. PS was phosphorylated on exposure to activated platelets or their releasates, as judged by immunoblotting for phospho-amino acids and PS. PS phosphorylation was reduced by specific inhibitors of casein kinase 1 (CK1) and casein kinase 2 (CK2) (10 μM D4476, 100 μM CK2-inhibitory peptide YNLKSKSSEDIDESS). Involvement of CKs in PS phosphorylation was confirmed using purified CK1/CK2. Phosphorylation of PS by purified CK1 did not affect its activated protein C (APC) cofactor activity in activated partial thromboplastin time assays in PS-depleted plasma. However, phosphorylation of PS by CK2 or by CK1/CK2 increased PS cofactor activity ∼1.5-fold (158.7...
A review of estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) polymorphisms, mood, and cognition

OBJECTIVE—There are significant individual differences in the extent to which mood and cognition change as a function of reproductive stage, menstrual phase, postpartum, and hormone therapy. This review explores the extent to which variations or polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) predict cognitive and mood outcomes. METHODS—A literature search was conducted from 1995 to November 2009 through PubMed, EMBASE, and PsychINFO. Twenty-five manuscripts were reviewed that summarize investigations of ESR1 in mental health. RESULTS—Among studies investigating ESR1 in relation to cognition, 11 of 14 case-control studies reported an association between ESR1 polymorphisms and risk for developing dementia. Three of four prospective cohort studies reported an association between ESR1 polymorphisms and significant cognitive decline. There are inconsistencies between case-control and cohort studies regarding whether specific ESR1 alleles increase or decrease the risk for cognitive dysfunction. The relationships between ESR1 and cognitive impairment tend to be specific to or driven by women and restricted to risk for Alzheimer’s disease rather than other dementia causes. Three of five studies examining ESR1 polymorphisms in relation to anxiety or depressive symptoms found significant associations. Significant associations have also been reported between ESR1 polymorphisms and childhood-onset mood disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. CONCLUSIONS—A strong relationship between ESR1 variants and cognitive outcomes is evident and preliminary evidence suggests a role of the ESR1 gene in certain mood outcomes. Insights into the discordant results will come from future studies that include haplotype analyses, analyses within specific ethnic/racial populations, and gender-stratified analyses.
DSM‐IV Progress Report

It is clear that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) will become one of the most frequently used reference documents in the counseling profession. It is the purpose of this article to describe the progress being made in the development of the DSM-IV, which is scheduled for publication in 1994. The revision process as well as proposed organizational changes and new diagnostic categories are described. In addition, the implications of the DSM-IV for counselor practice are described.
Satellite eclipse power by laser illumination

A method is proposed to eliminate the energy storage system required to power a satellite in geosynchronous orbit during eclipse. An array of high-power CW lasers is situated at one or more ground locations in line of sight of the satellite, preferably on mountaintops. The lasers are provided with a tracking system, and lenses or mirrors of sufficient size to reduce the beam spread due to diffraction. As the satellite enters eclipse, the laser arrays illuminate the solar arrays on the satellite to a level sufficient to provide operating power.
Anti-Interventionism and the Study of American Foreign Policy in the Third World

An earlier version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association in September 1990 in San Francisco. I would like to thank Michael Desch, Benjamin Frankel, John Garofano, Anthony Joes, Robert Kaufman, Timothy Lomperis, Robert Ross, James Wirtz, and an anonymous reviewer for Security Studies for helpful comments.
Perceptions of Parenting, Emotional Self-Efficacy, and Anxiety in Youth: Test of a Mediational Model

Background Though associations between parenting styles marked by control (e.g., prevention of autonomous experiences) or rejection (e.g., criticism, arbitrary blame, and withholding of warmth) and youth anxiety have been established in the literature, few studies have examined cognitive mediators purported to explain these associations.
Dielectric loss behavior of cross‐linked polyethylene and analog materials

The dielectric loss behavior of crosslinked polyethylene has been determined over the frequency range 10-5 khz and over the temperature range -150 to 100/sup 0/C. Major loss effects occur at the lower temperatures and are caused by liberation of the organic byproducts of the crosslinking agent, dicumyl peroxide. Analog materials prepared from linear low density polyethylene by blending in of either acetophenone or 2-phenyl-2-propanol confirm the hypothesis. The effects of concentration of byproducts and of orientation of the polymer have been studied. Activation energy analyses suggest that room temperature losses will occur in the microwave region. The behavior is significantly affected by curing with steam, typical loss peaks being an order of magnitude lower than for dry cured specimens. A new loss region appears close to but below, 0/sup 0/C.
The medial neurosecretory cells and egg maturation in mosquitoes

Abstract When the medial neurosecretory cells (mnc) were surgically removed from aedine mosquitoes immediately after emergence, egg maturation was suppressed. In older females mnc-ablation had little effect. Ablation did not interfere with ingestion or absorption of a blood meal. In blood-fed Aedes taeniorhynchus , arrest of egg development by mnc-ablation was reversed by transplantation of 1 pair of mnc from an anaesthetized donor. In sugar-fed A. taeniorhynchus , 4 pairs of mnc were required to restore autogenous egg maturation. In blood-fed hosts, male or female Aedes or female Culex were equally effective as donors. If the donor was killed, rather than anaesthetized, 4 pairs of mnc were needed to restore egg development. Both the mnc and the corpora allata are essential for egg maturation in mosquitoes. However, transplanted mnc could not restore egg development arrested by allatectomy, and transplanted corpora allata could not restore egg development arrested by mnc-ablation. Consequently, the corpora allata and the mnc regulate different processes in egg maturation.