cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor and fibrin carrier regenerates bone.

Bone regencration promoted by acidic recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF-1), rabbit demineralized bonc matrix (rDBM), and a fibrin (f) delivery system was measured in critical-sized defects in rabbits' radii. A unilateral segmental defect 20 mm in length was prepared in radii of 48 skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits divided equally between 4- and 8-week cohorts. The temporal cohorts were divided equally among four treatment groups; rDBM, rDBM/f. rDBM/rhFGF-1/f, and rhFGF-1/f. Data for the fifth group, untreated critical-sized defects, were exploited from previous published reports from this laboratory. In response to experimental treatments, radiomorphometric and histomorphometric methods were used to derive quantitative outcome data that were tested by analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparison tests (significance p ≤ 0.05). Radiomorphometric data (percentage of radiopacity of defect) were acquired at the day of the operation and every 2 weeks thereafter, whereas histomorphometric data (square millimeters of new bone formation) were determined at term. The objective for the study was to develop candidate bone regenerative therapies. Therefore, the hypotheses were that experimental treatments would promote bone formation within critical-sized defects and that one treatment would be superior to the rest. Testing hypotheses was achieved with quantitative methodology, and data were subjected to statistical models. Radiopacity at each 2-week period was greater in treated defects than in untreated critical-sized defects. The amount of radiopacity promoted by rDBM/f and rhFGF-1/f at 8 weeks was equivalent and was greater than antecedent times. Histomorphometric data analyses indicated that rDBM/f and rDBM evoked the same quantity of new bone formation at 4 weeks; by 8 weeks, all treatments except rDBM/f had more new bone within the critical-sized defects in comparison to untreated defects. That rDBM/f promoted less new bone than rDBM alone may suggest fibrin decreases bone formation, perhaps by impeding local solubility of endogenous and rDBM-containing signaling molecules. However, rhFGF-1/f promoted a significant and unexpected increase in bone formation response that could refute the previous notion. In conclusion, the combination of rDBM/rhFGF-1/f may represent a significant, new osteogenic therapeutic regimen. Additional assessments in higher order species must be accomplished to corroborate efficacy.
Implicit trajectory modeling through Gaussian Transition Models for speech recognition

It is well known that frame independence assumption is a fundamental limitation of current HMM based speech recognition systems. By treating each speech frame independently, HMMs fail to capture trajectory information in the acoustic signal. This paper introduces Gaussian Transition Models (GTM) to model trajectories implicitly. Comparing to alternative approaches, such as segment modeling and parallel path HMM, GTM has the advantage that it integrates seamlessly with the HMM frame-work; it can model a large number of trajectories and there is no need to define a topology a priori. Preliminary experiments on Switchboard, a large vocabulary conversational speech recognition task, have shown promising results.
Corn as a Nutrient for Growing chicks

Abstract Greater interest has probably been taken in nutritional research work with corn and corn products than with any other feedstuff. The large number of references given in Bulletin No. 257 of the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station1 shows that corn nutrition research work is accepted as a primary problem. Corn research work is of special interest to the poultryman because corn is the basic poultry feed, not indispensabble of course, but generally available at a lower price per unit of nutrients than any of the other cereals. This is because no other cereal yields, for a given unit of land and labor, so many units of nutrients. The time of keen competition between humans and animals for the direct use of corn, is probably more remote than with any other common feedstuff. Experimental evidence, too numerous to itemize here, but available in the reference already noted1 indicates that corn is not complete as a nutrient, and an
Prospective investigation of a PTSD personality typology among individuals with personality disorders

This study investigated the replicability of a previously proposed personality typology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, and explored stability of cluster membership over a 6-month period. Participants with current PTSD (n = 156) were drawn from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS). The CLPS project tracked a large sample of individuals who met criteria for 1 of 4 target diagnoses (borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive) and a contrast group of individuals who met criteria for depression but no personality disorder. A cluster analysis using scales from the Schedule of Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality yielded 3 clusters: "internalizing," "externalizing," and "low pathology." Using K-means cluster analysis, the results did not replicate previous work. Using Ward's method, the hypothesized 3-cluster structure was confirmed at baseline but did not demonstrate temporal stability at 6 months.
Synthesis and application of chlorodithiocarbonates, thionothiocarbonates, and thionoselenocarbonates in radical chain reactions

Abstract Thionothiocarbonates as well as the corresponding selenium compounds are good radicophilic starting materials for the efficient radical chain reactions of alcohols.
Risk of cardiovascular mortality in relation to optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol combined with hypertriglyceridemia: is there a difference by gender?

Purpose The objectives of the present study were to determine whether an optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) combined with hypertriglyceridemia was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and whether these associations differ by gender. Methods A cohort of 2903 U.S. adults aged ≥45 years (men) and ≥55 years (women) at baseline (1988–1994) was followed through December 2006 for CVD mortality. Baseline data were collected through the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). The definitions of high LDL-C and high triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia) levels were based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of death. Results After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and traditional CVD risk factors, the risk of CVD death was approximately two times as high among women with optimal LDL-C/hypertriglyceridemia (2.42, 95% CI = 1.35–4.33) compared to women with optimal LDL-C/normal TG. In contrast, no significant difference was found among men on this comparison. Conclusions Judging from this study, hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality in women but not in men. The association is independent of abnormal LDL-C effect.
Affective Interaction as a Determinant of Musical Involvement

Music may be understood as a structural representation, or symbolic “model,” of social interaction processes. Since music is a readily available expressive system in our society, individuals may use it as a socially meaningful symbolic medium within which they manage conflicting affective associations with interaction. Music listening then becomes one means by which individuals may maintain psychological well-being while adapting to complex social structures. Three initial points in this argument were examined, using high and low music listeners. High listeners were found to have more conflicting positive and negative affective associations with interaction than low or medium listeners, as measured by a TAT-type technique. The effect of role playing an affective interaction situation in an experimental design increased listening absorption in music for high but not for low listeners. High listeners were also more likely to describe musical effects in terms of symbolic participation in group processes.
Priapism Impact Profile Questionnaire: Development and Initial Validation.

Objective To create and evaluate a psychometric instrument that measures the impact of experiencing priapism from the patient perspective. Methods The research protocol consisted of several phases as follows: (1) generating items, (2) composing a patient questionnaire, (3) administering the questionnaire to patients with both active and remitted (≥1 year without priapism episodes) histories of priapism, (4) performing internal consistency and criterion-oriented validity analyses in correlation with clinical histories and erectile function assessment tools, and (5) ascertaining psychometric properties of the instrument. Results The final instrument comprised a 12-item Priapism Impact Profile (PIP) questionnaire, representing the following 3 domains adversely impacted by priapism: quality of life (QoL), sexual function (SF), and physical wellness (PW), with higher scores indicating inferior experience in respective domains. Internal consistency reliability coefficients for the total PIP score and the 3 domain scores were >0.75. Fifty-four patients (mean age, 31.7 ± 11.4 years) completed the questionnaire. Patients with active priapism (n = 42) had higher total, QoL, SF, and PW scores than those with priapism remission (n = 8; P P P = .09, and P 2 hours in duration had higher total, QoL, SF, and PW scores than those with "very minor" priapism recurrences (≤2 hours in duration; P P P P P P = .14, P P = .25, respectively). Conclusion The PIP questionnaire is a novel psychometric instrument that offers a means to quantify the adverse health impact of the patient's experience with priapism.
Analysis of Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests

Partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) have emerged as a useful tool in characterizing the volume of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in contaminated aquifers. More than 40 PITTs have been conducted in various NAPL-contaminated sites for both initial estimation of NAPL volume and postremediation performance assessment of various cleanup technologies. An effective interpretation of PITT results requires an accurate determination of the confidence limits of the volume of NAPL estimated from PITT data. This necessitates a description of the various errors, both systematic and random, associated with the measurement and analysis of PITT data. In this paper, an approach for performing this error analysis for both vadose-zone and saturated-zone PITTs is presented. This approach is based upon identifying the various sources of errors in both the measurement of PITT data and the errors from the data analysis using the method of temporal moments. Results are illustrated using our data from several soil column...
Theory of polymer fractionation efficiency

The theory of the equilibrium distribution of a mixture of different size species of a polymer between two liquid phases is reviewed and used as a basis for the calculation of the dependence of fractionation efficiency on overall concentration, interaction coefficient (hence, choice of solvent and temperature), average molecular weight, and the spread of the molecular weight distribution in the polymer. The special case of a single type of polymer in a single solvent, for which the polymer–solvent interaction coefficient is independent of concentration, is dealt with quantitatively. The ultimate aim is to make it possible to determine systematically the optimum solvent (or mixture of solvents), temperature, and overall concentration for fractionation of a given type of polymer, having a given average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, considering practical limitations, e. g., the total volume which can conveniently be handled and the time required to achieve a sufficiently close approach to equilibrium.
Effective Medium Theory of the Porosity Dependence of Bulk Moduli

Effective medium theory is used to obtain a closed- form expression for the porosity dependence of the bulk moduli of ceramics. The theory is illustrated with an application to data for high-purity alumina that spans a volume fraction of porosity ranging from 0.5% to 90%.
D-Ephedrinephosphate, DEP: a new substrate with specificity for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP).

This report describes the synthesis and physical (including spectral) properties of a new substrate, d-ephedrinephosphate, DEP1, which is histochemically highly specific for a secreted non-lysosomal prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP. This specificity is in contrast to other substrates which are nonspecific, i.e., which demonstrate acid phosphatases that originate from various cell types and are mainly lysosomal. When this substrate is used for light and electron microscopic histochemistry in a modified Gomori medium, PAP is demonstrated mainly in secretory granules and in the Golgi apparatus (and its related vacuoles) of prostatic epithelial cells of several species of mammals including man. This corroborates our previous suggestion that PAP is not a lysosomal enzyme as are many of the other acid phosphatases. This high degree of specificity of DEP for PAP supports the usefulness of this compound in the histochemical and biochemical characterization of PAP, and in the diagnosis of localized or disseminated prostatic disease.
Newer Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Comparison with Established Agents

Erectile dysfunction is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability to attain or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual performance. Self-reported erectile dysfunction has increased significantly as men seek effective therapy, such as oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i). PDE5i are now the drugs of choice in the initial therapy of erectile dysfunction. This review compares the currently available PDE5i with the second-generation PDE5i, which are soon to be available.
The Reality of Fiction and the Ethics of Storytelling in Eleanor Estes's The Witch Family

This essay examines Eleanor Estes's critically neglected 1960 novel The Witch Family, arguing that the novel anticipates some of the major preoccupations of later children’s literature in its early concern with issues of textuality. While Estes is largely known as a writer of simple family stories, The Witch Family is an innovative work of metafiction, which explicitly engages with a number of philosophical and literary-critical issues central to postmodern and poststructuralist discussion. Posing central and overt questions regarding the relationship between reality and fiction, the novel illustrates the contextual, communal, and relational aspects of language and finally suggests that the ability to tell stories ethically is tied to the recognition of one’s own contingent position within language.
Rocket Science for Educators Workshop for Science Technology and Mathematics

The Wisconsin AIAA chapter has leveraged the talent of its members to provide a variety of outreach opportunities for precollege aged students. Hands-on demonstrations, visual aids, and real-life space flight examples provide a foundation for bringing pre-college aged students face-to-face with space-related science, designed hardware, technology, and potential benefits; increased interest in aerospace and space related fields that lead to study at the university level followed by career. The Rocket Science for Educators program consists of a workshop used to assist schools in implementing rocket science into respective math or science curriculums. Grant assistance provided by the Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) makes this workshop possible. Participating educators attend a weekend workshop and receive a set of rocket science materials that they may take back to their respective schools. This workshop is taught by aerospace professionals where they provide a unique opportunity for teachers to provide meaningful activities in their classrooms and improve student performance in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Mating disruption of beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in vegetables by a synthetic pheromone

Abstract The pheromone dispenser, Yotoh-con-S ® , was evaluated for its ability to inhibit mate location and subsequent infestation by beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) in head lettuce and broccoli. Pheromone dispensers consistently prevented male beet armyworm moths from locating synthetic lures or virgin females in treated fields. However, the dispensers were inconsistent in reducing the number of beet armyworm larvae, appearing to be most effective when population densities were low but ineffective when populations were high. Where beet armyworm larval populations were significantly reduced by the presence of synthetic pheromone dispensers, the resultant populations were usually not reduced to the point where insecticide applications could be eliminated.
Transverse effects in intrinsic optical bistability

Electromagnetic wave propagation with one transverse dimension is investigated in a medium whose response is modeled by a nonlinear oscillator. We report results with transverse effects due to diffraction, which are controlled by varying the Fresnel number. We find that diffraction does not significantly reduce the bistable intensity characteristics either for the center of the beam intensity or in the intensity integrated across the transverse coordinate, although in the latter case the contrast is reduced; bistable behavior is found to persist even for a Fresnel number of order unity, and the switching intensity is not affected by the Fresnel number. These results are explained by simple physical arguments.
A Mechanism for Regulation of Melanoma Invasion: LIGATION OF α6β1 INTEGRIN BY LAMININ G PEPTIDES

Invasion of LOX human melanoma cells involves extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and formation of cell surface invadopodia. Here we show that the ligation of alpha6beta1 by two peptides derived from the COOH-terminal globular domain of laminin-1 alpha1 chain (laminin G peptides), designated AG-10 (NPWHSIYITRFG) and AG-32 (TWYKIAFQRNRK), and antibodies against alpha6 and beta1 integrins promoted invasiveness. AG-10 and AG-32 inhibited cell adhesion on laminin, and the antibodies blocked cell adhesion on immobilized AG-10 and AG-32, suggesting that the peptides interact primarily with alpha6beta1 integrin. These soluble peptides and integrin antibodies induced invasiveness by causing an 2-3-fold increase in ECM degradation and invadopodial activity independently of adhesion activity of integrins that were prebound to ECM. The induced ECM degradation and invasion was associated with an increased surface expression of the 170-kDa membrane-bound gelatinase, seprase, as well as its intense localization at invadopodia but not at focal adhesions. However, the total expression levels of seprase, gelatinase A and beta1 integrins were not altered. We suggest that laminin G peptides act on the alpha6beta1 integrin signaling of invasion by stimulating invadopodial activities, which is distinct from their direct effects on cell adhesion on immobilized ECM.
Relationships between Children's Prosocial Behaviors and Choices in Story Dilemmas:

A measure of prosocial choice in story dilemmas was created by adding 23 stories to an original 4 studied by Eisenberg-Berg and Hand (1979). Each story called upon the child to make either a prosocial or a hedonistic choice in the hypothetical situation. Adding more items improved the internal consistency of the measure, as predicted by the Spearman-Brown formula. In our Head Start sample, the children's prosocial responses significantly predicted more prosocial ratings of child behavior by parents. The same relationship held, although less consistently, with behavior ratings carried out by observers in the Head Start classroom. Parents' ratings of themselves on mental health and parenting variables were not related to the measure of prosocial choice in story dilemmas. These findings as a whole provide some exception to past findings of lack of correspondence between responses to hypothetical situations and real-life behavior.
Structural Dynamics of Yeast Hexokinase During Catalysis

The binding of the substrate glucose to yeast hexokinase results in a substantial enzyme conformational change that is essential for catalysis and may be important for the enzyme's specificity, as well as the control of its activity. From high-resolution crystal structures of the monomeric enzyme crystallized both in the presence and in the absence of glucose, we find that glucose binds into the deep cleft that separates the molecule into two lobes and causes these two lobes to move together and close off the cleft. The structure of the hexokinase crystallized in the presence of xylose and ADP is being determined at low resolution. In this crystal form, the enzyme was thought to be in the conformation of the ternary complex. However, a low-resolution structure of this crystal form shows clearly that the enzyme is in the 'open' form and is not a ternary complex. Crystals of the A isozyme with glucose and ADP may be. Further, chemically sequenced tryptic peptides are being incorporated into the model obtained by crystallographic refinement at 2.1 A resolution. Completion of the sequence and the structure of the ternary complex should allow a detailed description of the enzymatic mechanism of this kinase and the role of substrate-induced conformational changes in catalysis and control.
Multiple user classes real-time traffic assignment for online operations: A rolling horizon solution framework

Abstract Existing dynamic traffic assignment formulations predominantly assume the timedependent O-D trip matrix and the time-dependent network configuration to be known a priori for the entire planning horizon. However, there is also a need to provide real-time path information to network users under ATIS/ATMS when unpredicted variations in O-D desires and/or network characteristics (e.g. capacity reduction on certain links due to incidents) occur. This paper presents a rolling horizon framework for addressing the real-time traffic assignment problem, where an ATIS/ATMS controller is assumed to have O-D desires up to the current time interval, and short-term and mediumerm forecasts of future O-D desires. The assignment problem is solved in quasi-real time for a near-term future duration (or stage) to determine an optimal path assignment scheme for users entering the network in real-time for the short-term roll period. The resulting model is intricate due to the intertemporal dependencies characterizing this problem. Two formulations are discussed based on whether a capability to reroute vehicles en route exists. A rolling horizon solution procedure amenable to a quasi-real time implementation of a multiple user classes (MUC) time-dependent traffic assignment solution algorithm developed previously by the authors is described. Implementation issues are discussed from the perspective of ATIS/ATMS applications.
Designing and Implementing a Medical Student Procedures Curriculum

Recent medical school graduates are expected to have procedure skills that were mastered during undergraduate training. Many new physicians report inadequate preparation for procedures and are uncomfortable performing them unsupervised. A framework for teaching procedures has been described; however, a formal curriculum based on this framework has not yet been presented. Based on 8 years of curriculum development and experience with over 900 students, we present the design and implementation of a successful clinical procedures curriculum, highlighting a series of important issues for educators to consider when implementing such a clinical training program. Student participation and outcomes data are presented within the framework of this longitudinal curriculum implemented at our institution.
Studies on the effect of hydrogen doping during deposition of Al:ZnO films using RF magnetron sputtering

Abstract Aluminum doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) films were deposited using rf magnetron sputtering in the presence of hydrogen gas in the chamber. A comparative study of the films deposited with and without hydrogen was performed. The XPS studies indicated that the decrease in resistivity of ZnO:Al films with the introduction of hydrogen gas is attributed to the reduced adsorption of oxygen species in the film grain boundaries. The average percentage transmission in the visible region of the films was around 92–95% and band gap was found to be about in the range of 3.15–3.17 eV. The lowest resistivity of 1.8 × 10−4 Ω cm was achieved for the ZnO:Al film deposited with hydrogen.
Financial Crisis and Productivity Evolution: Evidence from Indonesia

We examine how the productivity of different industries changes over the course of a financial crisis by exploiting cross-firm, within-industry differences in productivity resulting from the Asian financial crisis of 1997. We show that the crisis coincided with dramatic changes in productivity and that many of these changes were sustained in the long run. In particular, an increasing number of industries experienced decreases in average firm productivity during the crisis and did not recover. Further, we find that changes in industrial productivity in the recovery period are driven not by increases in the productivity of existing firms, but rather by the entry of new firms and changes to the reallocation of market share. Finally, we find that foreign exporters' productivity was the least impacted by the crisis, suggesting that only access to alternate forms of both capital and international markets can help to smooth investment and maintain productivity over a financial crisis.
Comparative needs in child abuse education and resources: perceptions from three medical specialties

Introduction: Improvement in child abuse and neglect education has been previously identified as a significant need among physicians. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand specific comparative educational needs regarding child abuse diagnosis and management among physicians from differing specialties and practice types. Methods: A total of 22 physicians participated in focus groups (one family practice (FP), one emergency medicine (EM), and one pediatrician group) facilitated by a professional moderator using a semi-structured interview guide. Five specific domains of child abuse education needs were identified from previously published literature. Child abuse education needs were explored across one general and five specific domains, including (1) general impressions of evaluating child abuse, (2) identification and management, (3) education/ resource formats, (4) child/caregiver interviews, (5) medical evaluations, and (6) court testimony. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed for common themes and differences among the three groups. Results: Participants identified common areas of educational need but the specifics of those needs varied among the groups. Neglect, interviewing, court testimony, and subtle findings of abuse were educational needs for all groups. EM and FP physicians expressed a need for easily accessible education and management tools, with less support for intermittent lectures. All groups may benefit from specialty specific education regarding appropriate medical evaluations of potential cases of abuse/neglect. Conclusions: Significant educational needs exist regarding child abuse/neglect, and educational needs vary based on physician training and practice type. Educational program design may benefit from tailoring to specific physician specialty. Further studies are needed to more clearly identify and evaluate specialty specific educational needs and resources. Keywords: child abuse; education; focus groups; qualitative research (Published: 20 July 2010) Citation: Medical Education Online 2010, 15: 5193 - DOI: 10.3402/meo.v15i0.5193
Heavy ion track structure simulations in liquid water at relativistic energies

Interaction cross sections for bare heavy charged (HZE) particles are obtained from proton interaction cross sections by scaling laws. Proton interaction cross sections are calculated within the (relativistic) plane wave Born approximation and the modelled dielectric response function of liquid water. Relativistic polarisation effects (Fermi density effect) are discussed. The interaction model is implemented into the biophysical track structure simulation code PARTRAC.
Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Burden on the Young and Poor

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the greatest single cause of mortality and loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide, and a substantial portion of this burden falls on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Deaths from IHD and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occur, on average, at younger ages in LMICs than in high-income countries, often at economically productive ages, and likewise frequently affect the poor within LMICs. Although data about ACS in LMICs are limited, there is a growing literature in this area and the research gaps are being steadily filled. In high-income countries, decades of investigation into the risk factors for ACS and development of behavioral programs, medications, interventional procedures, and guidelines have provided us with the tools to prevent and treat events. Although similar tools can be, and in fact have been, implemented in many LMICs, challenges remain in the development and implementation of cardiovascular health promotion activities across the entire life course, as well as in access to treatment for ACS and IHD. Intersectoral policy initiatives and global coordination are critical elements of ACS and IHD control strategies. Addressing the hurdles and scaling successful health promotion, clinical and policy efforts in LMICs are necessary to adequately address the global burden of ACS and IHD.
African American, Hispanic, and White Beliefs about Black/White Inequality, 1977-2004:

Do African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites differ in their explanations of the socioeconomic divide separating blacks and whites in the United States? Have such explanations changed over time? To answer these questions, I use data from the 1977 to 2004 General Social Surveys (GSS) to map race/ethnic differences in support for, trends in, and the determinants of seven “modes of explanation” for blacks' disadvantage. Trends over time indicate the continuation of a long-standing decline in non-Hispanic whites' use of an ability-based (innate inferiority) explanation. Non- Hispanic whites' beliefs in a purely motivational and a purely educational explanation are increasing, however, along with the view that none of the explanations offered in the GSS explain blacks' disadvantage. African Americans and Hispanics also evidence increases in a purely motivational explanation, but they differ from non-Hispanic whites in demonstrating clear declines in structural beliefs—especially the perception that...
PRIMARY MODEL GETS IT RIGHT AND EARLY

In January of 2012, the Primary Model predicted that Barack Obama would defeat Mitt Romney by a comfortable margin. He did. Obama's popular vote total topped Romney's by more than four million votes. The Primary Model's forecast was by far the earliest of those assembled in the special 2012 PS symposium (45 (4): 614–617). Even so it predicted an Obama victory with greater certainty (almost 90%) than any other one. To put this performance in perspective, note that several models got it wrong in 2012, and hardly any of the other ones picking Obama to win did so with much certainty. Many preelection polls also failed to predict an Obama victory with their final estimate, including the venerable Gallup Poll. How did the Primary Model get it right so far in advance of Election Day 2012?
The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

CONTEXT: Little is known about the epidemiology of intermittent explosive disorder (IED). OBJECTIVE: To present nationally representative data on the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV IED. DESIGN: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess DSM-IV anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, and impulse control disorders. SETTING: The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a face-to-face household survey carried out in 2001-2003. PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative sample of 9282 people 18 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnoses of DSM-IV IED. RESULTS: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV IED were 7.3% and 3.9%, with a mean 43 lifetime attacks resulting in 1359 dollars in property damage. Intermittent explosive disorder-related injuries occurred 180 times per 100 lifetime cases. Mean age at onset was 14 years. Sociodemographic correlates were uniformly weak. Intermittent explosive disorder was significantly comorbid with most DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance disorders. Although the majority of people with IED (60.3%) obtained professional treatment for emotional or substance problems at some time in their life, only 28.8% ever received treatment for their anger, while only 11.7% of 12-month cases received treatment for their anger in the 12 months before interview. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent explosive disorder is a much more common condition than previously recognized. The early age at onset, significant associations with comorbid mental disorders that have later ages at onset, and low proportion of cases in treatment all make IED a promising target for early detection, outreach, and treatment. Road rage, temper outbursts that involve throwing or breaking objects, and some types of intimate partner violence can sometimes be associated with IED. Language: en
Polynomial and Rational Matrix Interpolation: Systems and Control Applications

In this paper, a theory of polynomial and rational matrix interpolation is introduced and applied to problems in systems and control. The polynomial matrix interpolation theory is first outlined and then applied to solving matrix equations; it is also used in pole assignment and other control problems. Rational matrix interpolation is also discussed and it is used to solve rational matrix equations including the model matching problem.
Abstract 5779: The discovery of the potent and selective PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-04691502 through structure-based drug design

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in cell growth, proliferation and survival. Genomic aberrations in the PI3K pathway, such as mutational activation of PI3Kα or loss of function of tumor suppressor PTEN, have been closely linked to the development and progression of a wide range of cancers. Hence, inhibition of the key targets in the pathway, e.g. PI3K, AKT, mTOR, offers great potential for the treatment of cancer. In an effort to discover compounds that inhibit PI3Kα, a high throughput screen was carried out, and 4-methyl-pyrido-pyrimidine (MPP) derivatives were identified as potent and selective inhibitors of PI3Kα. For example, PF-00271897, 8-cyclopentyl-6-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one demonstrated PI3Kα Ki of 2.2 nM. Multiple crystal structures of inhibitors bound to PI3K gamma were determined to inform design and optimization of the ADMET properties of this lead series. Crystallographic studies with PI3K gamma protein indicated that the aminopyrimidine moiety forms two hydrogen bonds to the kinase backbone, and the aromatic moiety at the 6 position binds in a hydrophobic pocket. The X-ray structure suggested that the 4-methyl group on the MPP core structure conferred the excellent overall kinase selectivity to the series. The structure and SAR suggested optimization could come from keeping N-R group at 2 position very small and maintaining aromatic moiety at 6 position for hydrophobic interaction. Introduction of polar groups to the 8N side chains that are located in the ribose binding pocket increased both metabolic stability and solubility. Based on the overall properties, PF-04691502, 2-amino-8-[trans-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)cyclohexyl]-6-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one, was selected as a clinical candidate. PF-04691502 demonstrated Ki's of 1.2-2.2 nM against PI3K α, β, γ and δ isoforms, and Ki of 9.1 nM against recombinant mTOR. PF-04691502 inhibited AKT phosphorylation at S473 in BT20 breast cancer line with IC50 of 12 nM. PF-04691502 is highly selective for inhibition of PI3K family kinases as shown by lack of activity against a panel of >75 protein kinases, including the class III PI3K hVps34. In the in vivo rat PK studies, PF-04691502 demonstrated the following properties: Clearance = 5.2 ml/min/kg, Vdss = 1.4 L/kg, T1/2 = 3.1 h, F% = 63%. The design, synthesis, in vitro potency SAR, selectivity, ADMET of the MPP derivatives will be discussed. The crystal structure of PF-04691502 in PI3K gamma will also be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5779.
β PDGF receptor mutants defective for mitogenesis promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells

Abstract Background: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes mitogenesis in fibroblast cell lines but stimulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells that ectopically express the β PDGF receptor. To determine which substrates must associate with this receptor protein-tyrosine kinase in order to promote neurite outgrowth, we introduced into PC12 pheochromocytoma cells three mutant forms of the β PDGF receptor that no longer associate with specific substrate proteins. We then assayed the ability of these receptor mutants to affect neurite extension. Results Receptors lacking the kinase-insert domain did not associate with either phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or Ras GTPase-activating protein (Ras–GAP) in PC12 cells. A carboxy-terminal truncation of the β PDGF receptor eliminated the association of phospholipase C- γ 1 (PLC- γ 1) with the receptor and prevented phosphorylation of PLC- γ 1 in PC12 cells. Finally, β PDGF receptors that have tyrosine-to-phenylalanine point mutations at positions 708, 719, 977 and 989 did not associate with either PI 3-kinase or PLC- γ 1. All three mutant forms of the β PDGF receptor promoted PDGF-dependent neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and elicited activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Conclusion PC12 cells expressing the β PDGF receptor extend neurites in response to PDGF in the absence of signalling through PI 3-kinase, RasGAP, and PLC- γ 1. This contrasts with the requirements for mitogenesis for epithelial and fibroblast cell lines, in which the association of PI 3-kinase with the β PDGF receptor is essential. This receptor protein-tyrosine kinase therefore phosphorylates and activates a similar set of intracellular signalling molecules in the context of both mitogenesis and differentiation, but the importance of particular pathways for each phenotypic response is distinct.
Catheter-Based Recanalization Techniques for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Recent advances in endovascular interventional therapies have revolutionized the management of acute ischemic stroke. For patients who present with occluded circle of Willis vessels, timely and successful arterial recanalization is the best predictor of clinical improvement. Diagnostic neuroimaging has advanced noninvasive tools--namely, transcranial Doppler, CT angiography, and MR angiography--to screen individuals with acute neurologic syndromes rapidly for arterial occlusion, and hence to exclude from treatment those who are unlikely to benefit from or could be harmed by arterial recanalization strategies. Intra-arterial thrombolysis has been proven to be of benefit in large clinical trials. Moreover, the US Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the use of a mechanical clot retrieval device for acute embolic stroke, and a number of other similar strategies are under various stages of investigation. This article reviews the diagnostic and interventional approach to the management of large vessel embolic stroke.
Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue diseases: evolving concepts of pathogenesis and management

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a challenging clinical entity associated with multiple connective tissue diseases, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Effective therapies for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) are still lacking. Multidisciplinary clinics dedicated to the early diagnosis and improved management of patients with CTD-ILD are now being established. There is rapid progress in understanding and identifying the effector cells, the proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators, and the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD. Serum biomarkers may provide new insights as risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis and as measures of disease progression. Despite these recent advances, the management of patients with CTD-ILD remains suboptimal. Further studies are therefore urgently needed to better understand these conditions, and to develop effective therapeutic interventions.
The Pricing and Profitability of Modular Clusters

The last twenty years have witnessed the rise of disaggregated "clusters" or "networks" of firms. In these clusters the activities of R&D, product design, production, logistics and selling may be split up among hundreds or even thousands of firms. Different firms will design and produce the different modules of a complex artifact (like the processor, peripherals, and software of a computer system), and different firms will specialize in different stages of a complex production process. This paper considers the pricing behavior and profitabililty of such clusters. In particular, we investigate a possibility hinted at in prior work: that pressures to raise prices across complementary-goods markets can offset pressures to reduce prices within oligopolistic differentiated-goods markets. In this paper, we isolate the offsetting price effects and show how they might operate in large as well as small clusters. We argue that it is theoretically possible for a "modular cluster" of firms to mimic the pricing behavior and profitability of "one big firm."
Simulations of electrode misalignment effects in two-plate linear ion traps

Abstract Electrode misalignments in linear ion traps have a strong effect on performance but are hard to fully test in experiments due to limitations of mechanical accuracy and the large number of degrees of freedom in traps with multiple electrodes. Alignment in a linear ion trap made of two patterned plates involves only six degrees of freedom, facilitating a complete study of the impact of each degree of freedom on performance. In this study, a model in SIMION for the two-plate linear ion trap was compiled. Based on this model, misalignments in all six degrees of freedom were studied with respect to the resolving power and ion detection efficiency. Pitch angle and Y-axis (plate spacing) misalignments have more impact on the resolving power compared with the other four degrees of freedom: yaw, roll, X and Z. The study also shows that the X (shear) misalignment significantly impacts the ion detection efficiency. Simulations of traps with multiple simultaneous misalignments show that each degree of freedom contributes independently to the overall performance. These results provide helpful guidance in the design and fabrication process of two-plate linear ion traps as well as other types of linear ion traps.
Understanding Vaccine Refusal: Why We Need Social Media Now.

The recent Disneyland measles outbreak brought national attention to a growing problem: vaccine refusal—herd immunity is no longer a reality in many communities. Only 70% of children aged 19–35 months are up-to-date on immunizations, and in some communities, more than a quarter of school-age children have exemptions on file (www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/ Documents/Pubs/348-247-SY2014-15-ImmunizationMaps. pdf). Although they vary across the ideological spectrum, vaccine refusers tend to be well educated, white, and more affluent than people who typically experience health disparities. Prior studies have found that a diversity of motivations drive vaccine refusal, including fear that vaccines cause autism, concerns over toxins, beliefs about the benefits of measles to the immune system, distrust of government, distrust of pharmaceutical companies, and preference for a “natural” lifestyle. Arguments recommended by physicians’ groups and public health agencies to counter these beliefs do not always change minds; even parents who indicate high trust in their pediatricians may not follow doctors’ recommendations. Ultimately, people “persuade themselves to change attitudes and behavior,” and communicators must tailor messages to the beliefs, attitudes, and motivations of particular audience segments. Effective health communication about vaccines requires answering three questions:
Mission Architecture Considerations for Recovery of High-Altitude Atmospheric Dust Samples

In this investigation, a parametric study for the preliminary design of an Earth atmospheric dust collection and recovery mission has been conducted. The scientific goal of this mission is to sample and recover mesospheric dust and particulate matter. Suborbital flight trajectories, vehicle configurations, and deceleration technologies were analyzed using conceptual models. The trajectory is shown to be driven by the science objective (sample collection at 45 km to 85 km in altitude) and the target dust and particulate matter size. Preliminary vehicle configuration results indicate an insensitivty to landing dispersion and show a spacecraft-dependent relation to total heating. From the initial results, the design space is pruned and three reference mission architectures are defined—one which utilizes a standard disk-gap-band parachute and two that utilize supersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerators. With use of the inflatable aerodynamic decelerator, drag modulation is shown to be able to reduce the landed uncertainty in downrange by approximately 6.8 km at the 95% confidence level.
Development of Dorsal Ocelli and Ocellar Interneurons in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The dorsal ocelli of adult Trichoplusia ni develop during the pupal stage from larval primordia. The ocellus arises from epidermal cells and is detectable in day 1 pupae. The ocellar corneagen cells and retinula cells have differentiated by day 2. By day 4 the retinula cell axons have entered the protocerebrum and large or ocellar interneurons are visible. The ocellus and interneurons assume the appearance of those in the adult by day 5, 2 days before adult emergence.
Small Deceptions Matter

The reality of being human is that we all bend the truth. We lie. Whether intentionally for unethical reasons or in a backward manner to try and do good, mistruths are everywhere we go. We lie, and we lie a lot. One study found that telling lies to partners, bosses, and coworkers occurred, on average, six times a day for men and three times a day for women (Daily Mail Reporter 2009). In the workplace people share social fictions all the time, claiming that “nothing is wrong” (when something is wrong) or that we go along with something “that’s fine” (when it is really troubling).