cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engraftment of Embryonic Hematopoietic Cells in Conditioned Newborn Recipients

Yolk sac hematopoiesis is characterized by restricted hematopoietic cell differentiation. Although multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells have been identified in the early yolk sac, long-term multilineage repopulating (LTMR) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity has not been demonstrable before day 11 postcoitus (PC) using standard transplantation assays. In the present study, day-10 PC yolk sac hematopoietic cells were infused into myeloablated congenic newborn pups and donor cell engraftment and multilineage reconstitution of peripheral blood cells for at least 11 months in primary recipients was observed. In contrast, transplantation of day-10 PC yolk sac cells into congenic adult recipients did not result in engraftment despite pretransplant conditioning of the recipients or use of recipients that were genetically deficient in stem cells. Although fresh yolk sac cells were incapable of reconstitution when injected into adult recipient mice, yolk sac donor-derived cells residing in the bone marrow of primary newborn transplant recipients were capable of efficient reconstitution of conditioned secondary recipient adult mice. Primary newborn and secondary adult recipient animals engrafted with yolk sac cells were observed to have normal peripheral blood white blood cell counts. Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, thymus, and spleen were also similar to control animals. The distribution and frequency of lineage-restricted progenitors derived from bone marrow of secondary transplant recipients were normal. These results indicate that day-10 PC yolk sac HSCs are capable of engrafting and reconstituting the hematopoietic system of conditioned newborn but not adult recipient animals. Furthermore, the ability of the yolk sac HSCs to differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages in these recipients strongly suggests that the local cellular microenvironment plays a prominent role in regulating yolk sac HSC differentiation.
Instrumentation for cardiopulmonary bypass--past, present, and future.

Abstract Methods of extracorporeal circulation to permit intracardiac surgery still depend on the principles developed by John Gibbon in the early 1950s. This review traces Gibbon's early development, reviews the state of the art of instrumentation for extracorporeal circulation in the operating room today, and projects future changes in this instrumentation that will result in improvement in blood contact surfaces, automation and servo-regulation, and safety.
Abstract 1816: SULT1A1 gene expression level is correlated with gene copy number in different human epithelial and breast cancer cell lines.

Sulfotransferase isoform 1A1 (SULT1A1) is a member of a subfamily of cytosolic enzymes which catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’ -phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a range of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds such as drugs, carcinogens, and steroid hormones. SULT1A1 plays a role in detoxification of tamoxifen (TAM), a drug for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer treatment and chemoprevention. Besides its involvement in drug metabolism, SULT1A1 also contributes to increased cancer risk. SULT1A1 activity varies several-fold among individuals. Earlier studies have shown that individuals can possess one to five copies of the SULT1A1 gene. SULT1A1 gene expression is higher in individuals with more than one copy number, although there is no significant difference among individuals who have more than 3 copy numbers. We determined the copy number of SULT1A1 in cell lines ZR75, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MCF10A using a pre-designed Custom Plus TaqMan® Copy Number kit from Life Technology. Similar to the human population, the human cell lines tested also contain one to five copies of SULT1A1. Genomic DNA of MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF10A cells contains only one copy of SULT1A1, while ZR75 DNA contains 3 copies and T47D DNA contains 5 copies of SULT1A1. To determine if copy number correlates with gene expression level, we compared the amount of SULT1A1 mRNA by RT-PCR in each cell line with corresponding copy numbers. Cell lines with one copy of SULT1A1 (MCF7 and MCF10A) had lower gene expression; while cell lines with more than one copy number (ZR75 and T47D) had higher gene expression. ZR75 cells expressed significantly more SULT1A1 mRNA than that of T47D, even though ZR75 DNA has two less copies than T47D cells. Although MDA-MB-231 DNA contains one copy of SULT1A1, no SULT1A1 gene expression was detected, indicating that other mechanisms exist in regulating SULT1A1 gene expression. In summary, the current data suggest that differential SULT1A1 gene expression levels in human breast cancer cells could be partially regulated by its copy numbers. Furthermore, the cell lines tested here could be used as in vitro models to study the mechanisms of SULT1A1 gene expression regulations since the copy number differences in those cell lines represented the copy number differences in human population. Citation Format: Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Lora J. Rogers, Rosalind B. Penny, Vineetha K. Edvana, Susan A. Kadlubar. SULT1A1 gene expression level is correlated with gene copy number in different human epithelial and breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1816. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1816
Role of health education in prevention and control of HFMD

Objective To control the epidemic situation of HFMD for prevention of its pandemic outbreak.Method Health education was carried out about infection source,route of transmission,susceptible population,and transmission style.ResultsIt was difficult to cut down the transmission route of HFMD completely because of the difficulties in the infection source control.Health education must be the most effective,economic and scientific prevention measure in terms of people's susceptibility of HFMD intestinal virus.ConclusionsIt proves effective to conduct well-arranged health education in Jiande city.
Exploring the Concept, Key Technologies and Development Model of Energy Internet

Based on the development trend and research status of energy industry, this paper explores the concept,key technologies and the development model of Energy Internet. Firstly, after the analysis of key elements in the energy system, the concept of energy internet is defined, and its main technical features are extracted. Secondly, the mathematical model is developed to indicate the basic law of energy internet, additionally multi-objective management methods to optimize the management of energy internet are briefly introduced. Then the essential feature of energy router is analyzed, besides the relationships and responsibilities of smart grid and information network in Energy Internet are discussed. Thirdly, based on the development trend, analysis of energy industry and related policies, the development model of energy internet is discussed, and the specific development suggestions are given as well.
[Fractures of the mandible: how much fixation enough].

颌间结扎、外固定和外科夹板曾是治疗下颌骨骨折的常用技术.自从使用开放复位、坚强内固定以来,我们对下颌骨骨折治疗效果的预测能力明显提高了[1-3].手术器械的改进使骨折复位手术可以从口内或通过内镜入路,术后的美学效果令患者更加满意[4]。
Incorporation of acetate-C14 into individual fatty acids of rat liver triglycerides and phospholipids

Control rats, and those made hyperthyroid or hypothyroid by dietary means, showed the same general pattern of C14 incorporation into liver lipid fractions following intraperitoneal injection of C14H3COONa, although the synthesis of phospholipids was apparently decreased in both hyper- and hypothyroid states. Liver triglyceride linoleate was greatly depleted in the hyperthyroid state. The triglycerides and phospholipids together contained 97–99% of the counts from all the principal components recovered chromatographically from liver lipids. A variable fraction of these counts resided in the fatty acid portion. Of the counts in the liver fatty acids, saturated acids had the largest number, both in triglycerides and phospholipids. Monoenoic and tetraenoic acids had comparatively few counts; and dienoic acid only a negligible number.
Atypical Asymmetry for Processing Human and Robot Faces in Autism Revealed by fNIRS

Deficits in the visual processing of faces in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals may be due to atypical brain organization and function. Studies assessing asymmetric brain function in ASD individuals have suggested that facial processing, which is known to be lateralized in neurotypical (NT) individuals, may be less lateralized in ASD. Here we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to first test this theory by comparing patterns of lateralized brain activity in homologous temporal-occipital facial processing regions during observation of faces in an ASD group and an NT group. As expected, the ASD participants showed reduced right hemisphere asymmetry for human faces, compared to the NT participants. Based on recent behavioral reports suggesting that robots can facilitate increased verbal interaction over human counterparts in ASD, we also measured responses to faces of robots to determine if these patterns of activation were lateralized in each group. In this exploratory test, both groups showed similar asymmetry patterns for the robot faces. Our findings confirm existing literature suggesting reduced asymmetry for human faces in ASD and provide a preliminary foundation for future testing of how the use of categorically different social stimuli in the clinical setting may be beneficial in this population.
Evaluating Applicator Designs for Heating Nanoparticle Flow Chemistries Using Single-Mode Microwave Energy

AbstractA single-mode microwave system can provide an electro-magnetic field with very sharp peaks and high power densities which can heat chemical process fluids rapidly on a much shorter time scale than by convective means. This type of microwave heating provides the opportunity to reduce thermal gradients within process fluids which are important, for example, in the control of reactive precipitation processes used to produce colloidal nanomaterials. Here, the effects of flow applicator design on the thermal gradients and energy efficiency of the microwave-assisted heating is considered as a function of flow rate. A heat efficiency model is developed to simulate the single-mode microwave heating of a continuous flow process fluid over a variety of flow rates and powers. To validate the model, an experimental setup is developed involving a three kW 2450 MHz microwave processing system. The system was used to heat salt water over a range of concentrations while temperature change across a microwave heati...
Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Simulation of Crossflow Rotors, Scaling, and Blockage Effects

This work presents results and analysis of H-type crossflow rotors using unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) computational fluid dynamics simulations. It is demonstrated that, with an efficient solver, robust high-fidelity time-resolved solutions can be obtained with computational speed and cost that allow the use of high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics in the early stages of a new design. The sensitivity of power prediction on the far-field boundary condition proximity is also shown and an analytical justification is given for this behavior based on blockage effects. The effects of physical scaling over a range of Reynolds numbers between 105 and 108 of four geometrically similar turbines of differing solidity are studied. Significant improvement in power efficiency can be achieved as the Reynolds number increases when turbines are scaled to very large size. Power curves for all test cases, unsteady blade loads for select cases, and effects of three-dimensionality are provided to aid f...
High Dose Chemoradiotherapy and ASCT Can Overcome the Prognostic Importance of Bcl-2, Bim, and p53 in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Abstract Introduction: Approximately twenty percent of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) relapse or have primary refractory disease. About 50% of these patients achieve long-term remissions after high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT). At MSKCC, ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) was incorporated as second-line chemotherapy prior to HDT/ASCT in a comprehensive treatment program. In addition to chemosensitive disease, a clinical prognostic model that emerged from this study identified 3 risk factors - B symptoms at relapse, extranodal disease, and complete remission duration of less than 1 year (Blood. 2001 Feb 1;97(3):616–23). This model was used to intensify treatment according to the number of risk factors, with stratification overcoming the significance of poor prognostic features (Blood. 2003 Nov 16;102(11), abstract #403). Methods: To further identify important prognostic factors, we evaluated pre-ICE biopsy specimens of patients enrolled on one of 3 IRB-approved clinical trials of HDT/ASCT. Prior studies showed that overexpression of bcl-2 and p53 have negative impact on outcome with primary therapy. We sought to determine if our comprehensive second-line program could overcome these poor prognostic features. We performed immunohistochemistry staining for bcl-2, bim (a bcl-2 family marker), and p53; samples were considered positive if any Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells stained for bcl-2 or bim, and if more than 50% stained for p53, at any staining intensity. Results: Seventy one patients had sufficient tissue available. Thirty five patients (49%) had disease progression and 28 (39%) died. Median PFS was 4.8 years, median OS was not reached, and median follow-up was 5.7 years. Bcl-2 was overexpressed in 19(27%), bim in 22 (32%), and p53 in 20 (29%) patients. Expression of bcl-2, bim, or p53 had no significant association with PFS or OS. Five-year PFS rates for positive vs. negative cases were 52.6% vs 50% for bcl-2, 54.5% vs 50% for bim, and 50% vs 51% for p53 (all p=NS). The 3 factor clinical model (B symptoms at relapse, extranodal disease and complete remission duration of less than 1 year) remained highly significant (0/1 vs 2/3 factors) for PFS and OS (p=0.002 and p=0.0003, respectively). Conclusion: Despite the evidence that p53 and bcl-2 overexpression may predict a worse prognosis with initial treatment, it appears that the approach of incorporating ICE and HDT/ASCT may overcome the significance of these biological markers at relapse. Further studies will focus on other pathways that are thought to play a role in relapsed/refractory HL outcomes. Bim is a novel pro-apoptotic marker from the bcl-2 family that is expressed on RS cells and suggests a role in the pathogenesis of HL. Future studies will focus on its role in both initial and relapsed/refractory setting.
Using social network analysis to identify key hackers for keylogging tools in hacker forums

Cyber-attacks are critical cybersecurity concerns across the world. Catching malicious hackers prior to a cyber-attack can save significant financial cost as well as avoid devastating cyber-attacks. Current methods of identifying and reprimanding hackers generally occurs after an attack and is reactive in nature. This research aims to proactively identify key hackers who are creating and disseminating malicious tools within hacker forums. Specifically, we utilize social network analysis techniques to systematically identify key hackers for keylogging tools within a large English hacker forum. Results of this study indicate that many key hackers are the most senior, longest tenured participants of their community.
Scapholunate and perilunate injuries in the athlete

Purpose of the review Scapholunate and perilunate injuries can be difficult to diagnose and treat in the athlete. In this review article, we present the mechanism of injury, evaluation, management, and outcomes of treatment for these injuries.
Towards acoustic model unification across dialects

Acoustic model performance typically decreases when evaluated on a dialectal variation of the same language that was not used during training. Similarly, models simultaneously trained on a group of dialects tend to underperform dialect-specific models. In this paper, we report on our efforts towards building a unified acoustic model that can serve a multi-dialectal language. Two techniques are presented: Distillation and MultiTask Learning (MTL). In Distillation, we use an ensemble of dialect-specific acoustic models and distill its knowledge in a single model. In MTL, we utilize multitask learning to train a unified acoustic model that learns to distinguish dialects as a side task. We show that both techniques are superior to the jointly-trained model that is trained on all dialectal data, reducing word error rates by 4:2% and 0:6%, respectively. While achieving this improvement, neither technique degrades the performance of the dialect-specific models by more than 3:4%.
A demonstration of structured-illumination-based technique using commercial surgical endoscope

An integration of commercial surgical endoscope using structured illumination technique for three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on biological samples with a depth of field of 20 mm and a relative accuracy of 0.1%.
The Arts as a Venue for Developmental Science: Realizing a Latent Opportunity

Children in all cultures readily engage in artistic activities, yet the arts (dance, drama, drawing, and music) have traditionally been marginal topics in the discipline of developmental science. We argue that developmental psychologists cannot afford to ignore such naturalistic activities that involve so many basic phenomena—attention, engagement, motivation, emotion regulation, understanding of others, and so on. Despite historical issues with research methodologies and overdrawn conclusions, a current wave of methodologically rigorous studies shows the depth of arts learning, as well as how arts engagement can be harnessed for transfer to other skills. Here, we present 21 exemplary research case studies, covering an age range of 18 months to 17 years old and discuss how the arts are no more difficult to study than other real-world developmental phenomena and deserve a thorough examination.
A Field Day in Family Camping

(1957). A Field Day in Family Camping. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 14-61.
Amiable Fictions; or, the Pedagogy of Friendship in Enlightenment Media

This chapter traces the way authors combine classical and early modern views of true amity with new attitudes about friendship brought on by changes in the forms of public and private communication. I discuss how the essays of Sir Francis Bacon and Michel de Montaigne pre-figure divergent philosophical views that later novelists borrow, synthesize, and transform in the realm of print narrative. In combination, Montaigne and Bacon anticipate the social and epistemological authority granted to friendship ties in the expanding print culture of the eighteenth century. I trace these developments as exhibited in works by Daniel Defoe, Joseph Addison, Elizabeth Rowe, Mary Astell, Lord Chesterfield, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
“Anglo-Saxon” in Late Nineteenth-Century American Academia

This chapter provides an overview of the ways that the study of Anglo-Saxon forms a part of the history of American higher education, both in general and as part of the development of the American women’s college. The overlapping meanings of the term “Anglo-Saxon” implied academic rigor and linguistic expertise as well as a possibly precarious ethnic heritage of whiteness and superiority during Reconstruction and the expansion westward. The relatively small number of Americans who learned Anglo-Saxon in the last 30 years of the nineteenth century entered, consciously or not, into a cultural debate about the relationships among language, ethnicity, and social class.
Behavioral analysis of turbulent exhale flows

Dense exhale flow through CO 2 spectral imaging introduces a pivotal trajectory within non-contact respiratory analysis that consolidates several pulmonary evaluations into a single coherent monitoring process. Due to technical limitations and the limited exploration of respiratory analysis through this non-contact technique, this method has not been fully utilized to extract high-level respiratory behaviors through turbulent exhale analysis. In this work, we present a structural foundation for respiratory analysis of turbulent exhale flows through the visualization of dense CO 2 density distributions using precisely refined thermal imaging device to target high-resolution respiratory modeling. We achieve spatial and temporal high-resolution flow reconstructions through the cooperative development of a thermal camera dedicated to respiratory analysis to drastically improve the precision of current exhale imaging methods. We then model turbulent exhale behaviors using a heuristic volumetric flow reconstruction process to generate sparse flow exhale models. Together these contributions allow us to target the acquisition of numerous respiratory behaviors including, breathing rate, exhale strength and capacity, towards insights into lung functionality and tidal volume estimation.
The Continued Illegalization of Compassion: United States v. Millis and its Effects on Humanitarian Work with the Homeless

Every year, more cities enact food sharing restrictions that punish individuals who try to feed the homeless. These laws are often part of a general scheme to solve a city’s homelessness problem by making life so unbearable for homeless men and women that they will be forced to move elsewhere. Humanitarian aid like food sharing, however, is a form of expressive conduct whereby the speaker communicates to a particular audience in need that he or she is willing to care for them. Additionally, the speaker’s conduct may inform observers about a particular humanitarian dilemma or encourage them to become involved. In United States v. Millis, the Ninth Circuit failed to recognize an act of humanitarian aid for traveling immigrants as a form of protected speech, thereby opening the door to the creation of more harmful and unfair laws that suppress humanitar-
Neonatal & maternal group B streptococcal infections: A comprehensive review

Group B Streptococcus is an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. The last two decades have seen intensified efforts in the Western hemisphere in the prevention of this devastating infection by identifying and treating pregnant women who carry group B streptococci or who are at highest risk of transmitting the organism to newborns. The intrapartum use of antibiotics in these women has led unequivocally to a decrease in the rate of neonatal group B streptococcal disease. Although studies in India show a predominance of Gram negative bacterial sepsis among infants, contributing to infant mortality, it is possible that the role of group B Streptococcus has been underestimated. This review discusses its epidemiology in India, and summarizes current concepts of microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical management and preventative issues regarding group B streptococcal disease.
OLIGOSACCHARIDE ELICITORS AND ELICITOR RECEPTORS

Oligosaccharide elicitors capable of inducing one or more plant defense responses have been prepared from plant (homogalacturonan) and fungal (β-glucan, chitin, chitosan) cell wall polysaccharides, and fungal glycoproteins. An overview of the structures and activities of these elicitors will be presented. In addition, recent biochemical investigations of the cellular signaling pathway(s) triggered by these signal molecules will be reviewed. The latter will focus on our studies of the signaling pathway leading to the biosynthesis and accumulation of phytoalexins in soybean tissues. This pathway is triggered by nanomolar concentrations of a branched hepta-β-glucoside elicitor originating from mycelial walls. Current research is focused on the first step in the signaling pathway, the recognition of the elicitor by a specific receptor. A radio-labeled derivative of the elicitor has been prepared and used to demonstrate the presence of specific, high-affinity binding protein(s) (EBPs) (putative receptors) for the elicitor in soybean root plasma membranes. The EBPs are solubilized from the soybean root membranes using non-ionic detergents with retention of their high affinity and specificity for the hepta-β-glucoside elicitor. Purification of the EBPs using affinity chromatography is in progress, and current results suggest that the EBPs exist as a multimenc protein complex. The EBPs recognize the same structural elements of the hepta-β-glucoside elicitor that are essential for its phytoalexin-inducing activity, suggesting that the EBPs are physiological elicitor receptors.
The Moral Sense and the Invisible Object

I accept Professor Tymieniecka’s departure from Husserl and Scheler in her account of the moral sense. I also accept her claims that the moral sense is found in being-with-others and that the moral sense does not originate in constitutive acts by the intellect. I speak within her emphasis on life-development and on “the intimately individual character of ethical practice.” I shall look at one aspect of the issue she raises regarding the moral sense, and that is its relation to psychotherapeutic processes. I must deal with therapeutic processes broadly in these short remarks, ignoring the important differences in different types of therapy particularly in relation to different types of disturbance. I shall not deal, for example, with issues of insanity or schizophrenia or with issues of society and culture in relation to madness and therapy. My remarks lead to questions about the language within which we conceive the issue of moral sense. I want to further the discussion of psychotherapy as a self-interpretive process that engenders moral sensibility, one that begins in a type of relation that is not an act of consciousness, a process that need not be the object of intelligent focus to be effective and generative of moral sensibility. Whether we are dealing with the origin of values when we deal with psychotherapy in relation to the human condition is an issue I will not be able to address. If that question of origin were raised, we would need to deal with the discourse within which concern for origin and universality arises. I shall suggest throughout these remarks that a central question for us is how we speak interpretively of the psychotherapeutic process. Can we speak of it without the dominance of constitutive action by the intellect? Can the process of which we speak speak through our language about it?
Prevalence, Mental Health, and Heterogeneity of Bisexual Men

To critically assess the prevalence, mental health, and heterogeneity of bisexual men and to highlight their inextricable linkage with each other When an inclusive definition of male bisexuality is used, prevalence rates increase from the standard 1 to 2% to a more accurate 10 to 20%. Previously documented physical, mental, and social health deficiencies of bisexual men are likely the result of sampling bias, disregard for sexual orientation domains, especially romantic dimensions, and failure to acknowledge bisexual subgroups (primary, concealed, transient, situational, sensation-seeking, clinical). These oversights, whether intended or not, have profound implications for healthcare providers. To accurately determine the prevalence, mental health, and heterogeneity of bisexual men, future research should investigate various sexual and romantic domains, assume a continuous rather than a categorical approach, acknowledge the diversity of bisexuality by considering types of bisexual men, and study the positive attributes of bisexual men.
Pancreatic Mass in a Patient with a History of Resected Renal Cell Carcinoma and Resected Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater: A Case Report

Abstract Background: Metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the pancreas are rare, whereas recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) or a primary periampullary cancer is far more co...
The association of physical activity before and after lymphoma diagnosis with survival outcomes

The impact of physical activity (PA) on lymphoma survival is not known. The association of PA and change in PA with overall (OS), lymphoma-specific (LSS) and event-free (EFS) survival was evaluated in a prospective cohort of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients (2002-2012). We calculated Leisure Score Indexes (mLSI) from the self-reported usual adult PA (baseline) and at 3-years post-diagnosis (FU3), grouping patients by active vs insufficiently active by the American Cancer Society PA guidelines. Associations of PA with survival were assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from Cox models stratified by lymphoma subtype, adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI, and comorbidity score with change scores further adjusted for baseline PA. Three thousand sixty participants were evaluable at baseline and 1371 at FU3. Active patients had superior survival from baseline [HR (CI): OS 0.82 (0.72-0.94); LSS 0.74 (0.61-0.90); EFS 0.92 (0.82-1.02)] and FU3 [HR (CI): OS 0.64 (0.46-0.88); LSS 0.32 (0.18-0.59); EFS 0.82 (0.61-1.10)] compared to insufficiently active. An increase in mLSI from baseline to FU3 (vs stable mLSI) was associated with superior OS (HR = 0.70, CI 0.49-1.00) and LSS (HR = 0.49, CI 0.26-0.94).The continuous change in mLSI at FU3 was significantly associated with OS, LSS and EFS; maintained across subgroups and appeared linear. Higher PA among lymphoma patients at diagnosis and 3 years is significantly associated with OS, LSS, and EFS. Increasing PA after diagnosis is significantly associated with improved OS and LSS supporting an important role for PA in lymphoma survivorship and the need for intervention trials.
Migration decisions and destination choices

We used data collected from a face-to-face interview survey of 395 randomly selected farm households in Central Nepal’s Chitwan district to understand the migration decision-making processes and mi...
Feasibility and utility of a clinician dashboard from wearable and mobile application Parkinson's disease data.

Mobile and wearable device-captured data have the potential to inform Parkinson’s disease (PD) care. The objective of the Clinician Input Study was to assess the feasibility and clinical utility of data obtained using a mobile health technology from PD patients. In this observational, exploratory study, PD participants wore a smartwatch and used the Fox Wearable Companion mobile phone app to stream movement data and report symptom severity and medication intake for 6 months. Data were analyzed using the Intel® Pharma Analytics Platform. Clinicians reviewed participants’ data in a dashboard during in-office visits at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months. Clinicians provided feedback in focus groups leading to dashboard updates. Between June and August 2017, 51 PD patients were recruited at four US sites, and 39 (76%) completed the 6-month study. Patients streamed 83,432 h of movement data from their smartwatches (91% of expected). Reporting of symptoms and medication intake using the app was lower than expected, 44% and 60%, respectively, but did not differ according to baseline characteristics. Clinicians’ feedback resulted in ten updates to the dashboard during the study period. Clinicians reported that medications and patient reported outcomes were generally discernable in the dashboard and complementary to clinical assessments. Movement, symptoms, and medication intake data were feasibly translated from the app into a clinician dashboard but there was substantial attrition rate over 6 months. Further enhancements are needed to ensure long-term patient adherence to portable technologies and optimal digital data transfer to clinicians caring for PD patients.
Secure and Efficient OFDM System Design under Disguised Jamming

This paper proposes a securely precoded OFDM (SP-OFDM) system for efficient and reliable transmission under disguised jamming. First, we bring off a dynamic constellation by introducing secure shared randomness between the legitimate transmitter and receiver, and hence break the symmetricity between the authorized signal and the disguised jamming. Second, using the arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) model, we prove that SP-OFDM can achieve a positive deterministic coding capacity under disguised jamming since the AVC channel corresponding to SP-OFDM is not symmetrizable. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under disguised jamming attacks.
A Proposed Shared Vision for Leadership Development for all Medical Students: A Call from a Coalition of Diverse Medical Schools

Issue: Despite clear relevance, need, descriptive literature, and student interest, few schools offer required curriculum to develop leadership skills. This paper outlines a proposed shared vision for leadership development drawn from a coalition of diverse medical schools. We advocate that leadership development is about self (looking inward), teams (not hierarchy), and change (looking outward). We propose that leadership development is for all medical students, not for a subset, and we believe that leadership curricula and programs must be experiential and applied. Evidence: This paper also draws on the current literature and the experience of medical schools participating in the American Medical Association's (AMA) Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium, confronts the common arguments against leadership training in medical education, and provides three cross-cutting principles that we believe must each be incorporated in all medical student-centered leadership development programs as they emerge and evolve at medical schools. Implications: By confronting common arguments against leadership training and providing a framework for such training, we give medical educators important tools and insights into developing leadership training for all students at their institutions.
Visualizable detection of nanoscale objects using anti-symmetric excitation and non-resonance amplification.

Why can we not see nanoscale objects under a light microscope? The textbook answers are that their relative signals are weak and their separation is smaller than Abbe’s resolution limit. Thus, significant effort has gone into developing ultraviolet imaging, oil and solid immersion objectives, nonlinear methods, fluorescence dyes, evanescent wave tailoring, and point-spread function engineering. In this work, we introduce a new optical sensing framework based on the concepts of electromagnetic canyons and non-resonance amplification, to directly view on a widefield microscope λ/31-scale (25-nm radius) objects in the near-field region of nanowire-based sensors across a 726-μm × 582-μm field of view. Our work provides a simple but highly efficient framework that can transform conventional diffraction-limited optical microscopes for nanoscale visualization. Given the ubiquity of microscopy and importance of visualizing viruses, molecules, nanoparticles, semiconductor defects, and other nanoscale objects, we believe our proposed framework will impact many science and engineering fields. The authors introduce the concept of electromagnetic canyons and non-resonance amplification for optical detection of nanoscale objects. They demonstrate that a pair of nanowire sensors enable detection of 25-nm radii objects with a standard widefield microscope.
Diagnosing Lyme Carditis Presenting With Complete Heart Block.

Diagnosing self-limited conduction abnormality of Lyme carditis in absence of pathognomonic skin rash or history of tick bite is challenging but necessary to avoid placement of pacemaker particularly in young patients. High degree of clinical suspicion, rapidly progressing conduction block and prompt response to antibiotics may help in diagnosis. J Med Cases. 2020;11(7):224-227 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3529
Changes in multiorgan heart transplants following the 2018 allocation policy change

Background This study evaluated the impact of the heart allocation policy change in 2018 on the characteristics and outcomes of multiorgan transplants involving heart allografts. Methods Adults undergoing multiorgan heart transplantation from 2010 to 2020 were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Transplants were stratified into occurring before versus after the October 2018 heart allocation change. The primary outcome was 1-year survival following transplantation. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk-adjusted effect of the allocation policy change on outcomes between cohorts. Results A total of 1832 patients underwent multiorgan heart transplantation during the study period with 245 (13.37%) undergoing heart-lung transplantation, 244 (13.32%) undergoing heart-liver transplantation, and 1343 (73.31%) undergoing heart-kidney transplantation. There was a higher utilization of temporary MCSDs as well as longer ischemic times for all three types of transplantation following the policy change. Heart-lung and heart-liver recipients had a similar 1-year survival before and after the policy change (each p > .05). Renal failure requiring dialysis (29.5% vs. 39.4%, p = .001) as well as 1-year survival (88% vs. 82%; log-rank p = .01) were worse in the heart-kidney cohort after the organ allocation system modification. Conclusions This study demonstrates similar trends in multiorgan transplants as has been observed in isolated heart transplants following the allocation change, including more frequent utilization of temporary mechanical support and longer ischemic times. Although outcomes have remained comparable in the new allocation era with heart-lung and heart-liver transplants, heart-kidney recipients have a worse 1-year survival following the change.
Cephalosporins Interfere With Quorum Sensing and Improve the Ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to Survive Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the quorum sensing (QS) system to strategically coordinate virulence and biofilm formation. Targeting QS pathways may be a potential anti-infective approach to treat P. aeruginosa infections. In the present study, we define cephalosporins' anti-QS activity using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 for screening and QS-regulated mutants of P. aeruginosa for validation. We quantified the effects of three cephalosporins, cefepime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, on (1) pyocyanin production using spectrophotometric assay, (2) bacterial motility using agar plate assay, and (3) biofilm formation using scanning electron microscopy. We also studied isogenic QS mutant strains of PAO1 (ΔlasR,ΔrhlR,ΔpqsA, and ΔpqsR) to compare and distinguish QS-mediated effects on the motility phenotypes and bacterial growth with and without sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics. Results showed that cephalosporins have anti-QS activity and reduce bacterial motility, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation for CV026 and PAO1. Also, sub-MICs of cefepime increased aminoglycosides' antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1, suggesting the advantage of combined anti-QS and antibacterial treatment. To correlate experimentally observed anti-QS effects with the interactions between cephalosporins and QS receptors, we performed molecular docking with ligand binding sites of quorum sensing receptors using Autodock Vina. Molecular docking predicted cephalosporins' binding affinities to the ligand-binding pocket of QS receptors (CviR, LasR, and PqsR). To validate our results using an infection model, we quantified the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans following P. aeruginosa PAO1 challenge at concentrations less than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. C. elegans infected with PAO1 without antibiotics showed 0% survivability after 72 h. In contrast, PAO1-infected C. elegans showed 65 ± 5%, 58 ± 4%, and 49 ± 8% survivability after treatment with cefepime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, respectively. We determined the survival rates of C. elegans infected by QS mutant strains ΔlasR (32 ± 11%), ΔrhlR (27 ± 8%), ΔpqsA (27 ± 10%), and ΔpqsR (37 ± 6%), which suggest essential role of QS system in virulence. In summary, cephalosporins at sub-MIC concentrations show anti-QS activity and enhance the antibacterial efficacy of aminoglycosides, a different class of antibiotics. Thus, cephalosporins at sub-MIC concentrations in combination with other antibiotics are potential candidates for developing therapies to combat infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
Clear as Mud: Promotion Clarity by Gender and BIPOC Status Across the Associate Professor Lifespan

Mid-career faculty members often seek to advance to the highest faculty rank of full professor, but research suggests women and Black, Indigenous and Other People of Color (BIPOC) faculty face inequitable patterns in advancement to the full professor rank. This study focuses on associate professors’ perceptions of promotion clarity, or the degree to which they are clear about the processes and criteria for advancing to the full professor rank. Using a national sample of associate professors at four-year colleges and universities (n = 4,871), we sought to understand how the relationships between satisfaction and promotion clarity vary across stages in the associate professor career, and how women and BIPOC faculty experienced promotion clarity differently. By conceptualizing time spent in the associate rank using a lifespan approach, we found that women had less promotion clarity than men throughout each stage of the associate career, and the intersection between being a woman and a BIPOC faculty member is linked with having less promotion clarity at the middle stages of the associate career in particular.
Changes in medical use of central nervous system stimulants among US adults, 2013 and 2018: a cross-sectional study.

Objective To assess the 5-year changes in the adult medical use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants with higher risk of dependence and evaluate the population characteristics of users and their medical and/or neurological conditions. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Annual US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a stratified random sample of approximately 30 000 persons designed to produce national population estimates. It focuses on reported medical spending, medical services used, health status and prescription medications. Participants Adults age 19 years and older who reported obtaining one or more prescriptions for amphetamine or methylphenidate products during two survey years, 2013 and 2018. Main outcomes measures Prescriptions obtained, the specific stimulant product and annual treatment days of drug supplied. Results In 2018, an estimated 4.1 million US adults (95% CI 3.4 million to 4.8 million) reported prescriptions for CNS stimulants, having filled a mean of 7.3 (95% CI 6.8 to 7.8) prescriptions with a mean of 226 (95% CI 210 to 242) days’ supply. Compared with 2013, the estimated number of adults reporting using CNS stimulants in 2018 increased by 1.8 million (95% CI 1.0 million to 2.7 million) or 79.8%. Most 2018 adult stimulant users reported taking psychoactive medication for one or more mental, behavioural or neurodevelopment disorders. Overall, 77.8% (95% CI 72.6% to 83.0%) reported some medication for adult attention deficit disorder, 26.8% (95% CI 22.2% to 31.5%) took medication for anxiety, 25.1% (95% CI 19.9% to 30.3%) for depression and 15.3% (95% CI 9.8% to 20.8%) indicated drug treatment for other mental or neurological disorders. Adult CNS stimulant use was higher in females, in younger age cohorts and among individuals of white race/ethnicity. Conclusions Adult medical use of prescription stimulants increased markedly in 5 years and occurred in a population often reporting multiple mental or neurological disorders. Further action is needed to understand and manage this new resurgence in drugs with high risks of dependence.
Argumentation Network of the Americas announcement

Dear colleagues and friends of argumentation,We are pleased to announce the launch of the Argumentation Network of the Americas (ANA). Our website is now up and running at www.argnet.orgANA's missi...
Charge fluctuation entropy of Hawking radiation: a replica-free way to find large entropy

We study the fluctuation entropy for two-dimensional matter systems with an internal symmetry coupled to Jackiw--Teitelboim(JT) gravity joined to a Minkowski region. The fluctuation entropy is the Shannon entropy associated to probabilities of finding particular charge for a region. We first consider a case where the matter has a global symmetry. We find that the fluctuation entropy of Hawking radiation shows an unbounded growth and exceeds the entanglement entropy in presence of islands. This indicates that the global symmetry is violated. We then discuss the fluctuation entropy for matter coupled to a two-dimensional gauge field. We find a lower bound on the gauge coupling $g_0$ in order to avoid a similar issue. Also, we point out a few puzzles related to the island prescription in presence of a gauge symmetry.
The Unbearable Lightness of Peptidyl-tRNA

In the conventional picture of protein synthesis, the ribosome advances by 3 nucleotides along the mRNA in each translocation step—or, looked at differently, the mRNA with peptidyl-tRNA associated threads back through the ribosome by 3 nucleotides. In either case, triplet movement is assumed to be the natural state of affairs. It has been clear for nearly 2 decades that the interaction of mRNA with ribosomes and with tRNAs was compatible with nontriplet movement. This chapter concentrates on the “shifty” sequence in the immediate region of the frameshift event in relationship to certain limited aspects of ribosome behavior. Starvation-induced frameshifting falls into the category of peptidyl-tRNA slippage. The authors are left with the implication that noncognate interactions in the A site have little to do with frame shifting, while slippage of peptidyl-tRNA in the P site has everything to do with it. In fact, the mobility of peptidyl-tRNA is illustrated in much more dramatic fashion by two other related phenomena. If cognate peptidyl-tRNA exhibits some nonzero probability per unit time of slipping, even if this probability is very small, aminoacyl-tRNA limitation will necessarily increase the time during which such a slip may occur and thereby increase its overall probability of occurring. A variety of data demonstrate that certain tRNA modifications in the anticodon loop and stem affect the tendency of certain tRNA species to frameshift.
Automata on Terms

The theory of finite automata has many interesting and useful generalizations that allow more general types of inputs, such as infinite strings and finite and infinite trees In this lecture and the next we will study one such generalization: finite automata on terms, also known as finite labeled trees. This generalization is quite natural and has a decidedly algebraical ebraic flavor. In particular, we will show that the entire Myhill—Nerode theory developed in Lectures 13 through 16 is really a consequence of basic results in universal algebra, a branch of algebra that deals with general algebraic concepts such as direct product, homomorphism, homomorphic image, and quotient algebra.
On the theory of semi‐infinite programming and a generalization of the kuhn‐tucker saddle point theorem for arbitrary convex functions

We first present a survey on the theory of semi-infinite programming as a generalization of linear programming and convex duality theory. By the pairing of a finite dimensional vector space over an arbitrarily ordered field with a generalized finite sequence space, the major theorems of linear programming are generalized. When applied to Euclidean spaces, semi-infinite programming theory yields a dual theorem associating as dual problems minimization of an arbitrary convex function over an arbitrary convex set in n-space with maximization of a linear function in non-negative variables of a generalized finite sequence space subject to a finite system of linear equations. We then present a new generalization of the Kuhn-Tucker saddle-point equivalence theorem for arbitrary convex functions in n-space where differentiability is no longer assumed.