cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of repeated juvenile exposure to Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol on anxiety-related behavior and social interactions in adolescent rats.

The gestational and adolescent periods are critically important for brain development and exposure to Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) during these periods results in long term behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in laboratory animals. However, recent reports indicate a dramatic rise in oral Δ9-THC exposure in young children but the effects of this exposure scenario have not been adequately investigated. Using a model designed to mimic childhood exposure, male and female rat pups were orally exposed to either corn oil or 10 mg/kg Δ9-THC daily from postnatal days 10-16. On day 29, rats were tested in the elevated plus maze under both low and high illumination with no differences in anxiety-related parameters observed between controls and treated rats. Under high but not low illumination, male Δ9-THC rats exhibited increased anxiolytic behavior as compared to female Δ9-THC rats suggesting a sexual dimorphic effect that was only observed under increased aversiveness. In addition, male Δ9-THC rats had increased activity levels as compared to control males. On day 38, social interactions were determined and both male and female Δ9-THC rats exhibited lower levels of social exploration behaviors but increased episodes of social play behaviors and increased time spent engaged in play. These data suggest that oral exposure to Δ9-THC during a period similar to childhood in humans can result in altered social behavior once adolescence is reached.
Understanding the Human-Animal Bond: Implications for Practice with Community-Living Older Adults

Understanding the Human-Animal Bond: Implications for Practice with Community-Living Older Adults begins with an examination of research on why older adults own pets. Research in this area provides insight into what older adults expect to gain from pet ownership. Then the most recent research designed to explore the effects of pet ownership will be systematically reviewed for more robust conclusions. This review is followed by research that clarifies why pets are retained and the conditions under which pets are surrendered for a broader understanding of the potential implications of pet ownership for older adults. The chapter ends with an overview of basic information about pet care which provides gerontologists and other professionals with the knowledge necessary to support the benefits of pet ownership in their work with older adults.
Probing Electrocatalysis at Individual Au Nanorods via Correlated Optical and Electrochemical Measurements

A novel analytical methodology based on correlated optical and electroanalytical measurements was developed to probe electrocatalytic reactions at individual nanoparticles (NPs) with well-defined geometries. The developed methodology, Optically Targeted ElectroChemical Cell Microscopy (OTECCM), relies on a combination of optical hyperspectral imaging, to locate individual NPs and provide structural information, and Scanning ElectroChemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM), to provide direct information on the electrochemical behavior of the same NPs. This complementary strategy allows for SECCM measurements to be carried out in a "targeted" fashion, offering significant throughput advantages over conventional, scanning-based approaches. The developed methodology was applied to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at individual Au nanorods (NRs). Correlated electron microscopy investigations were carried out to conclusively demonstrate the ability of the proposed methodology to probe electrochemical reactions at individual NRs. A wide variety in behavior of the individual NRs was observed, with surface reactions at Au playing a prominent role in the observed response. In situ spectroscopic investigations at individual NRs suggest surface restructuring and/or residual ligand desorption leads to significant changes in catalytic activity over time. Results from the correlated electron microscopy investigations as well as the statistical analyses of data obtained for hundreds of individual nanostructures suggest that the gross geometry of a NR is a poor predictor of its electrocatalytic performance.
Examining the Stability, Accuracy, and Predictive Validity of Behavioral–Emotional Screening Scores Across Time to Inform Repeated Screening Procedures

Preschool has been recognized as an optimal time to provide behavioral and emotional supports to children; however, there is a need to examine the stability, accuracy, and predictive validity of un...
Software Defined Radio for Communications

Software Defined Radio (SDR) has evolved in the past decade from a topic that was only briefly mentioned in passing in graduate special topics courses to one that is now accessible to students at all levels. The rapid proliferation of cost effective SDR hardware has allowed not only the development of undergraduate SDR communication labs, but affordable test instrumentation that may be used in a variety of courses. This paper will outline a series of hardware choices and exercises that make SDR not just a topic for advanced communications, but a topic that can enhance undergraduate and graduate courses in communications, analog and digital signal processing, and instrumentation.
Optimizing neuromuscular electrical stimulation for hand opening.

Aim: To investigate the effect of introducing an interphase interval to a biphasic pulse on force production and muscle fatigue, during stimulation of the wrist and finger extensors and to determin...
Differential expression of miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia quantified by Nextgen sequencing of whole blood samples

New approaches are needed for understanding and treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of gene expression in all cells and disruption of their normal expression can lead to changes in phenotype of a cell, in particular the emergence of a leukemic clone. We collected peripheral blood samples from 10 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML, prior to induction chemotherapy, and 9 controls. Two and a half ml of whole blood was collected in Paxgene RNA tubes. MiRNA was purified using RNeasy mini column (Qiagen). We sequenced approximately 1000 miRs from each of 10 AML patients and 9 controls. In subset analysis, patients with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations showed the greatest number of miRNAs (63) with expression levels that differed from control with adjusted p-value of 0.05 or less. Some of these miRs have been described previously in association with leukemia, but many are new. Our approach of global sequencing of miRs as opposed to microarray analysis removes the bias regarding which miRs to assay and has demonstrated discovery of new associations of miRs with AML. Another strength of our approach is that sequencing miRs is specific for the 5p or 3p strand of the gene, greatly narrowing the proposed target genes to study further. Our study provides new information about the molecular changes that lead to evolution of the leukemic clone and offers new possibilities for monitoring relapse and developing new treatment strategies.
Salaried Intellectuals: Fortini, Giudici, Ottieri, Volponi, and Buzzi at the Olivetti Company

With the category of the “salaried intellectual,” this article intends to explore what it meant for twentieth-century Italian poets, novelists, and other artists to take up employment at the Olivet...
A Review of Recent Advances and Security Challenges in Emerging E-Enabled Aircraft Systems

The continuing increase in air traffic, along with airline operators gradually adopting IP-based network technologies, has led to the transformational concept of e-Enabled or “connected” aircraft. This new framework envisions a single aeronautical communications architecture connecting across the entire spectrum of the aviation sector. However, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of aviation operations, no single technology can achieve the above goal. Instead, building an integrated system which uses multiple communication protocols and architectures, as well as cloud computing and big data analytics, is the most promising way forward. Hence this paper surveys the latest trends in emerging network communication systems for commercial aviation. A range of cyber-threats is then identified for the e-Enabled aircraft paradigm, followed by discussions on related solution methodologies. Note that the topics related to military aviation security are not considered here.
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a biological perspective for radiofrequency radiation safety standards. Rather than a detailed consideration of specific safety standards now in effect, or proposed safety standards, general problems involved in integrating available bioeffects data into practical and effective safety standards are discussed. The reader will find other aspects of standard setting and enforcement discussed elsewhere in this volume. Engineering problems related to RF-field coupling to the human body and the measurement and characterization of incident and internally induced RF fields, as well as cost-benefit considerations, unquestionably play a significant role in the development of standards. The approach taken here, of focussing primarily on the biological basis of RF standards, should not be construed as an attempt at diminishing the significance or inadequacy of these other aspects of standard setting. However, in the final analysis the most important aspect of a safety standard must be its adequacy in preventing adverse health effects in occupationally or environmentally exposed humans. This cannot be assured in the absence of an adequate understanding of the biological effects of RF radiation. Unfortunately, in spite of well over two decades of research, the adequacy of our knowledge of RF bioeffects is questionable. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of some inadequacies in the RF bioeffects data base and how and why they evolved.
Trend in incidence, first course of treatment, and survival in patients with glioblastoma.

e19178Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain cancer and notoriously difficult to treat. Over the last 15 years, the population has been aging, yet, there are gaps i...
An Empirical Study of the Relationship between the Ranking of America’s Top States for Business and Unemployment Rate, Growth Rate of Employment, and Growth Rate of Gross State Product

This study attempts to determine whether the ranking of America’s top states for business by CNBC is correlated with state economic performance such as the unemployment rate, the growth rate of employment, and the growth rate of gross state product. Binary variables for the South and the West are also considered. The sample consists of 50 states in 2018. The results indicate that the ranking of America’s top states for business is correlated with each of these economic indicators. Regression analysis shows that the coefficient of the ranking in each of the three regressions is significant at the 1% level. A higher ranking for a state is associated with a lower unemployment rate, a higher growth rate of employment, and a higher growth rate of gross state product.
Sapir’s Selected Writings

This volume brings together some of the most important material in linguistics and in the social studies which touch upon linguistics. The writings of Edward Sapir are invaluable for their complete grasp of linguistics, for their approach to language and culture and personality, for the wonderful working of data which they exhibit. We all know what a never-ending source of learning and delight this was to Sapir’s students and friends. Now it becomes available to those who would learn today, to whoever can appreciate both subtlety and independence of thought.
Realistic 3D MHD modeling of self-organized magnetic structuring of the solar corona

The dynamics of solar magnetoconvection spans a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and extends from the interior to the corona. Using 3D radiative MHD simulations, we investigate the complex interactions that drive various phenomena observed on the solar surface, in the low atmosphere, and in the corona. We present results of our recent simulations of coronal dynamics driven by underlying magnetoconvection and atmospheric processes, using the 3D radiative MHD code StellarBox (Wray et al. 2018). In particular, we focus on the evolution of thermodynamic properties and energy exchange across the different layers from the solar interior to the corona.
Antibody-drug conjugates in metastatic triple negative breast cancer: a spotlight on sacituzumab govitecan, ladiratuzumab vedotin, and trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancers (mTNBC) are characterized by aggressive behavior and worse clinical outcomes than other breast cancer subtypes, as well as poor response to cytotoxic chemo...
Influence of the Bar Position on Joint-Level Biomechanics During Isometric Pulling Exercises.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the bar position on ankle, knee, and hip net joint moments (NJMs), relative muscular effort (RME), and vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) during isometric pulling exercises, such as the isometric midthigh pull. Eight female lacrosse athletes performed maximal effort isometric pulls at 3 different bar positions (low: above patella, mid: midthigh, and high: crease of hip) while motion capture and GRF data were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated with inverse dynamics. Relative muscle effort was defined as the ratio between the inverse dynamics NJMs and the maximum theoretical NJMs, which were estimated with regression-based maximum moment-angle models. Peak NJM and RME were compared with 2-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), whereas GRFS were compared with a 1-way ANOVA. Peak vertical GRF were significantly greater in the mid bar position than the high bar position but did not differ between the low and mid bar position. Bar position significantly influenced peak hip and knee NJM and RME. Hip NJM and RME were greatest in the low bar position, whereas knee NJM and RME were greater in the mid bar position. Because hip and knee extensor NJM and RME differed between the low and mid bar positions, but the GRFS did not, the joint-specific contributions to peak isometric pulling forces likely reflected a trade-off between hip dominance and knee dominance in the low and mid bar position, respectively. This information should be considered in the interpretation isometric pulling data and their use in assessing and monitoring maximal force-producing capacity of the lower body.
Mu opioid receptors acutely regulate adenosine signaling in a thalamo-striatal circuit.

Abstract Endogenous adenosine plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis and adenosine levels are tightly regulated across neural circuits. In the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) adenosine inhibits neurotransmitter release, but the source and mechanism underlying its accumulation are largely unknown. Opioids also inhibit neurotransmitter release in the DMS and influences adenosine accumulation after prolonged exposure. However, how these two neurotransmitter systems interact acutely is also largely unknown. This study demonstrates that activation of opioid receptors (MORs), but not δ opioid receptors (DORs) or κ opioid receptors (KORs), inhibits tonic activation of adenosine A1Rs via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dependent mechanism in both male and female mice. Further, selectively knocking-out MORs from presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) revealed that activation of MORs on D1R positive MSNs, but not D2R positive MSNs, is necessary to inhibit tonic adenosine signaling on presynaptic terminals. Given the role of D1R positive MSNs in movement and motivated behaviors, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which these neurons regulate their own synaptic inputs. Significance Statement Understanding interactions between neuromodulatory systems within brain circuits is a fundamental question in neuroscience. The present work uncovers a novel role of opioids in acutely inhibiting adenosine accumulation and subsequent adenosine receptor signaling in the striatum by inhibiting the production of cAMP. Adenosine receptor signaling regulates striatal neurotransmitters including glutamate, GABA, dopamine and acetylcholine. Furthermore, interactions between adenosine2A receptors and numerous other GPCRs, including D2 dopamine and CB1 cannabinoid receptors, suggest that endogenous adenosine broadly modulates striatal GPCR signaling. Additionally, this work discovered that resting endogenous adenosine is released by D1, but not D2 receptor positive MSNs, suggesting that opioid signaling and manipulation of D1R-expressing MSN cAMP activity can broadly affect striatal function and behavior.
A Brief, Mobile Intervention to Decrease Depression and Loneliness and Improve Relationship Quality During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Effective, scalable interventions to address depression and loneliness and improve the quality of social relationships are needed for public health in pandemic and non-pandemic contexts. Towards this end, a randomized, controlled trial tested a mobile-based intervention, derived from social psychological and relationship science, for improving relational well-being and decreasing depression and loneliness. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 719) or assessment only (n = 701) conditions and completed daily diary surveys for 28 days in the midst of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the middle 14 days of the study, intervention participants received daily text-message suggestions for improving relational and mental well-being. Results: Results indicated that the intervention decreased depression and loneliness and improved relationships during the intervention period but these changes were not sustained when the intervention ceased. Discussion: Results are encouraging in that evidence-based suggestions can be scaled effectively but additional efforts are required to sustain improvements over time.
Cylindrical convex PML: Properties and limitations

Using the “complex-space” interpretation of the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) we analytically demonstrate the existence, but severe limitation, of perfectly impedance-matched absorbers conforming to convex cylindrical surfaces. We also propose a design pathway for feasible pseudo PML (PPML) convex absorbers that effectively truncate, with minimal backscattering, internal sub-regions of computational domains. Indeed, in many computational problems there can exist such sub-regions with uninteresting field distribution, leading to waste of computing resources if meshing them. This inefficiency can be obviated by replacing such sub-regions with a hard boundary condition coated by thin PPML absorbers. We define PPMLs through the complex-space PML formalism followed by an ad hoc sign reversal of the (otherwise active) PML material parameters, yielding an entire class of PPML absorbers with excellent absorption capability.
Progesterone-induced alterations of oogenesis in the Chinese hamster.

Progesterone-induced alterations of oogenesis in the Chinese hamster are described. 97 4-month-old hamsters were included in the study. 57 hamsters received 1-100 mcg progesterone subcutaneously 3 times weekly 10 received 1 or 5 mcg medroxyprogesterone acetate once only and 30 served as controls. The animals were sacrificed following 2-4 weeks of therapy and the ovaries were used for chromosome and histologic studies. The treatment groups showed similar effects of clumping stickiness and condensation of diclyotene chromosome figures prevalent within 2 weeks with the larger doses and in some figures at the lower doses. Mitoses of the supporting follicular cells appeared to be inhibited at the higher dose levels with surviving mitotic figures showing clumping and sticky bridges. Inhibition of ovulation and increased frequency of degenerating follicles were revealed histologically at all dose levels. Atrophy and reduction in gonad size was seen with the higher doses.
Fully Bayesian inference under ignorable missingness in the presence of auxiliary covariates

In order to make a missing at random (MAR) or ignorability assumption realistic, auxiliary covariates are often required. However, the auxiliary covariates are not desired in the model for inference. Typical multiple imputation approaches do not assume that the imputation model marginalizes to the inference model. This has been termed "uncongenial" [Meng (1994, Statistical Science 9, 538-558)]. In order to make the two models congenial (or compatible), we would rather not assume a parametric model for the marginal distribution of the auxiliary covariates, but we typically do not have enough data to estimate the joint distribution well non-parametrically. In addition, when the imputation model uses a non-linear link function (e.g., the logistic link for a binary response), the marginalization over the auxiliary covariates to derive the inference model typically results in a difficult to interpret form for the effect of covariates. In this article, we propose a fully Bayesian approach to ensure that the models are compatible for incomplete longitudinal data by embedding an interpretable inference model within an imputation model and that also addresses the two complications described above. We evaluate the approach via simulations and implement it on a recent clinical trial.
Analyses of broadband noise mechanisms of rotors

The various source mechanisms which generate broadband noise on a range of rotors are reviewed. Analyses of these mechanisms are presented and compared to existing experimental data. The sources considered are load fluctuations due to inflow turbulence, due to turbulent blade boundary layers passing the trailing edge, and due to tip vortex formation turbulence. Vortex shedding noise due to laminar boundary layers and blunt trailing edges is not considered in detail as it can be avoided in most cases. Present analyses are adequate to predict the spectra from a wide variety of experiments on fans, helicopter rotors, and wind turbines to within about 5 to 10 dB. Better knowledge of the inflow turbulence improves the accuracy of the predictions. Inflow turbulence noise depends strongly on ambient conditions and dominates at low frequencies. Trailing edge and tip vortex noise are important at higher frequencies if inflow turbulence is weak. Boundary layer trailing edge noise increases slowly with angle of attack but not as rapidly as tip vortex formation noise. Tip noise can be important at high angles of attack for wide chord, square edge tips.
Fairplay or Greed: Mandating University Responsibility Toward Student Inventors

Over twenty years have passed since the enactment of The Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act (Bayh-Dole Act) and universities continue to struggle with their technology transfer infrastructures. Lost in that struggle are those who could be considered the backbone of university research: the students. Graduate and undergraduate students remain baffled by the patent assignment and technology transfer processes within their various institutions. Efforts should be undertaken by universities to clarify the student’s position in the creative process.
The reversibility of sea ice loss in a state-of-the-art climate model

Rapid Arctic sea ice retreat has fueled speculation about the possibility of threshold (or ‘tipping point’) behavior and irreversible loss of the sea ice cover. We test sea ice reversibility within a state-of-the-art atmosphere–ocean global climate model by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide until the Arctic Ocean becomes ice-free throughout the year and subsequently decreasing it until the initial ice cover returns. Evidence for irreversibility in the form of hysteresis outside the envelope of natural variability is explored for the loss of summer and winter ice in both hemispheres. We find no evidence of irreversibility or multiple ice-cover states over the full range of simulated sea ice conditions between the modern climate and that with an annually ice-free Arctic Ocean. Summer sea ice area recovers as hemispheric temperature cools along a trajectory that is indistinguishable from the trajectory of summer sea ice loss, while the recovery of winter ice area appears to be slowed due to the long response times of the ocean near the modern winter ice edge. The results are discussed in the context of previous studies that assess the plausibility of sea ice tipping points by other methods. The findings serve as evidence against the existence of threshold behavior in the summer or winter ice cover in either hemisphere.
Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis with AMD3100, a CXCR4 small molecule inhibitor, worsens murine hepatic injury.

Aim Activation of hepatic stellate cells and development of chronic inflammation are two key features in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. We have shown that in vitro activated stellate cells increase their expression of CXCL12 as well as the receptor CXCR4 and that receptor engagement promotes a profibrogenic phenotype. Furthermore, injury promotes increased hepatic expression of CXCL12 and a massive infiltration of CXCR4-expressing leukocytes, granulocytes and myeloid cells. The primary site of inflammatory cell accumulation is around the CXCL12-rich portal tracts and within fibrotic septae, indicating a role for CXCR4 during injury. In order to characterize the relevance of the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine axis during hepatic injury we inhibited the axis using AMD3100, a CXCR4 small molecule inhibitor, in models of chronic and acute liver injury. Methods Mice were subjected to acute and chronic CCl4 liver injury with and without AMD3100 administration. The degree of liver injury, fibrosis and the composition of the intrahepatic inflammatory response were characterized. Results Treatment of mice with AMD3100 in the chronic CCl4 model of liver injury led to an increase in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with a specific increase in intrahepatic neutrophils. Furthermore, in an acute model of CCl4-induced liver injury, AMD3100 led to an increase in the number of intrahepatic neutrophils and a trend towards worse necrosis. Conclusion Together, this data suggests that inhibition of the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine axis is injurious through modulation of the hepatic inflammatory response and that this axis may serve a protective role in liver injury.
Ab initio force field for simulations of proteins and nucleic acids

We present a new self-consistent set of ab initio analytical pair potential to predict specific nonbonded interactions of protein with nucleic acid, of protein with protein, and of nucleic acid with nucleic acid. The purpose of this study is to represent the interaction between biological molecules with an accuracy equivalent to the ab initio molecular orbital calculations, which are used as reference data to obtain the pair potentials. Atoms in nucleic acids and proteins are classified according to their chemical environments. An “effective charge,” a modification of a charge obtained from the Mulliken population analysis, is introduced and used to represent the electrostatic energy. More than 30,000 SCF interaction energies have been calculated to provide the reference data for the fitting procedure that we have adopted in the parameterization of the potentials. The standard deviation is 1.61 kcal/mol for interaction energies spanning the range from about −220 kcal/mol to +20 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations, using the above new set of force field, have been performed successfully for the systems where adequate treatments of specific interactions are required: The stability of α-helix of C-peptide and the interaction of spermine with oligonucleotide are examined as preliminary examples.
Polysaccharides of Crithidia fasciculata: Identification and partial characterization of a cell surface constituent

Abstract A carbohydrate-containing fraction was extracted from the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata by a phenol-water procedure. Ion-exchange chromatography separated this fraction into three components: a polysaccharide which was not retained on the column; RNA which eluted upon addition of salt; and, another polysaccharide which eluted upon addition of detergent. The unretained fraction was shown to be composed solely of d -mannose. The mannan, which was heterodisperse on Sephadex G-100, had an average molecular weight of approx. 14 000 as based on analysis of reducing groups. The detergent-eluted material yielded arabinose and galactose upon acid hydrolysis. The arabinogalactan was excluded from Sephadex G-100 and Sephacryl S-200 molecular sieve columns, suggesting a molecular weight ≥ 200 000. Cell fractionation studies showed the bulk of extractable polysaccharide was associated with a particulate fraction. Further determination of the cellular localization of the polysaccharide was accomplished by employing a specific antiserum prepared from rabbits immunized with the polysaccharide extract. The cell surface localization of the arabinogalactan was demonstrated by cell agglutination studies as well as immunocytochemical techniques using fluorescein and ferritin conjugated antibodies.
PVT properties and equations of state of polystyrene: molecular weight dependence of the characteristic parameters in equation-of-state theories

Abstract The pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties of styrene oligomers and polymers were studied experimentally in the liquid state. The data were fitted to various equations of state and the characteristic parameters in the equations of state, P∗ , V∗ and T∗ , were obtained. A comparison was made of the performance of the various theories in fitting the data. The molecular weight dependence of the characteristic parameters was measured and the results indicated that the main variation arose from an increase in degrees of freedom per mer for lower molecular weights.
Symptom timeline preceding cochlear implant failure: an institutional experience.

Objective. Review cochlear explants and determine the incidence of device and medical failures and develop a pattern of symptoms indicating probable implant failure.Study Design. Case series with c...
D-C dynamic braking of induction motors

A THOROUGHGOING RATIONAL method of calculating the braking torque to be expected from squirrel-cage motors when direct current is applied to the stator has been an elusive development. The question is not one of widespread importance but, in some control applications, a sure knowledge of the speed-torque relationship might be critically important.
GENERAL PARTIAL WAVE ANALYSIS OF THE DECAY OF A HYPERON OF SPIN 1/2

In this note consideration is given to the general problem of the decay of a hyperon of spin 1/2 into a pion and a nucleon under the general assumptions of possible violations of parity conservation, charge conjugation invariance, and time-reversal invariance. The discussion is in essence a partial wave analysis of the decay phenomena and is independent of the dynamics of the decay. Nonrelativistic approximations are not made on either of the products. (A.C.)
Numerical calculations of the temperature distribution in realistic cross sections of the human body

Numerical calculations of the temperature distribution in detailed cross sections of the human body are presented. The solution procedure uses a finite-difference representation of the bioheat transfer equation, and thus it routinely considers the various heat exchange mechanisms including the blood flow rate, heat conduction and the metabolic heat generation. The new feature of the presented solution, however, is related to the utilization of the detailed electromagnetic power deposition patterns obtained numerically using the method of moment. In the present calculations, therefore, the temperature distribution is based on a realistic description of the various tissue distributions in the cross section of the human body and the radiation characteristics of the electromagnetic source. The obtained results clearly showed a significant dependence of the temperature distribution on the values of the blood flow rates used in the modeling. Present efforts which include the use of the developed computer program in the planning of the hyperthermia treatments, as well as its use as a study tool for investigating the effect of the variation of the various radiation and thermal parameters on the desired temperature distributions, are described.
Pursuit rotor performance

Remininiscence, Motivation and Personality. A Case study in Experimental Psychology. By H. J. Eysenck and C. D. Frith. Pp. xxi + 430. (Plenum: New York and London; 1977.) $33.
The role of natural convection in ladles as affecting tundish temperature control in continuous casting

An approximate analysis is presented to describe the flow field in molten steel held in a ladle, as caused by natural convection. It is shown that a thick (say 8 to 14 in.) slag layer is required to suppress extensive vertical mixing within the ladle. It is also shown that natural convection caused by the contact of the metal with the cold ladle walls may produce mass flow rates of the order of 2 to 3 tons per min for typical 100 to 150 ton ladles. If ladles are tapped at comparable rates, then this pehnomenon can effectively prevent mixing in the bulk. The resultant stratification may be desirable in tundish temperature control.
Influence of gonadotropic hormone-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-A) on plasma sex steroid profiles and milt production in male winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum).

The effects of gonadotropic hormone-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-A) treatment on the onset and duration of increases in plasma sex steroids and milt production (milt volume and number of spermatozoa) were investigated in prespawning male winter flounder. After treatment of maturing males during the winter with a single injection of either 20 or 200 μg/kg [D-Ala6, Pro9-NHEt]LHRH (GnRH-A), plasma levels of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were increased within 12h and the steroid hormone levels remained elevated for long periods lasting several days. The androgenic steroid response of males was delayed after the administration of a lower dose of GnRH-A (2 μg/kg). Although a single GnRH-A injection in December or January advanced the onset of spermiation in some males, only small amounts (<50 μl) of milt could be collected. By March, all males were in spermiating condition following GnRH-A treatment; however, significant increases in sperm production, particularly increases in milt volume, occurred in fish twice treated with GnRH-A.
Crystal Structures of Murine Carnitine Acetyltransferase in Ternary Complexes with Its Substrates

Carnitine acyltransferases catalyze the reversible exchange of acyl groups between coenzyme A (CoA) and carnitine. They have important roles in many cellular processes, especially the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria for energy production, and are attractive targets for drug discovery against diabetes and obesity. To help define in molecular detail the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes, we report here the high resolution crystal structure of wild-type murine carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) in a ternary complex with its substrates acetyl-CoA and carnitine, and the structure of the S554A/M564G double mutant in a ternary complex with the substrates CoA and hexanoylcarnitine. Detailed analyses suggest that these structures may be good mimics for the Michaelis complexes for the forward and reverse reactions of the enzyme, representing the first time that such complexes of CrAT have been studied in molecular detail. The structural information provides significant new insights into the catalytic mechanism of CrAT and possibly carnitine acyltransferases in general.
Electromagnetic Radiation Resulting From PCB/High-Density Connector Interfaces

Professor Clayton Paul made many contributions to the field of electromagnetic compatibility as a researcher, teacher, and mentor. Among these contributions, he provided a seminal push in characterizing, understanding, and quantifying the coupling and radiation physics of electromagnetic interference (EMI). An overview of these original contributions that were driven by industry problems and needs is given here. His work emphasized physics and formulation in order to provide quantitative solutions and design directions. These ideas are applied to a current industry challenge in understanding and quantifying EMI that results at the interface between high-speed, high-density connectors and printed circuit boards.
Deactivation of Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs), including pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), are the most effective treatment for life-threatening arrhythmias. Patients or their surrogates may request device deactivation to avoid prolongation of the dying process or in other settings, such as after device-related complications or with changes in health care goals. Despite published guidelines outlining theoretical and practical aspects of this common clinical scenario, significant uncertainty remains for both patients and health care providers regarding the ethical and legal status of CIED deactivation. This review outlines the ethical and legal principles supporting CIED deactivation, centered upon patient autonomy and authority over their own medical treatment. The empirical literature describing stakeholder views and experiences surrounding CIED deactivation is described, along with implications of these studies for future research surrounding the care of patients with CIEDs.
Iterative Estimation of Location and Trajectory of Radioactive Sources With a Networked System of Detectors

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters (location and intensity) of multiple radioactive sources using a system of radiation detectors. The problem formulated as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) requires the optimization of a high-dimensional objective function and presents significant computational challenges. We propose Fisher's scoring iterations approach (a special case of Newton's iterative method) for finding the MLE. While being computationally scalable, an inherent problem with this approach is finding good initial estimates specifically when multiple sources are present. We propose an expectation maximization (EM) based approach which finds the approximate distribution of the source intensity in space. Peaks in this distribution are used as initial estimates of the parameters to bootstrap the iterative MLE procedure. Next, we consider the problem of estimating the trajectory of a moving and maneuvering source. Since a priori motion model cannot be assumed, the trajectory is approximated as a set of points which again presents a high dimensional estimation problem. The trajectory estimation is posed as a constrained weighted least squares problem which is iteratively solved using the Interior Point Method (IPM). Simulation results are presented which illustrate the behavior and performance of our proposed approaches.
Polydicyclopentadiene Aerogels Grafted with PMMA: I. Molecular and Interparticle Crosslinking

"This project was supported by the Army Research Office under Award no. W911NF-10-1-0476. Initial funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. CHE-0809562. We also thank Dr Wei Wycoff of the University of Missouri Columbia for her help with the solid state 13C NMR."
Notes on parasites of the long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus, from eastern New Mexico.

Two long-billed curlews (Numenius americanus Bechstein) were collected near Elida, Roosevelt Co., New Mexico. Two species of endoparasites were recovered, the cestode Choanotaenia numenii Owen, 1946 and the acanthocephalan Mediorhynchus papillosus Van Cleave, 1916. Three mallophagan species, Cummingsiella longistricola (Wilson, 1937), Austromenopon crocatum (Nitzsch, 1866) and Lunaceps numenii numenii (Denny, 1844), were also recovered. All represent new distribution records while M. papillosus and L. numenii numenii also represent new host records.
Specificity grouping of the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus epidermidis is linked to infection

Staphylococcus epidermidis represents the most frequent pathogen involved in nosocomial infections and infections of indwelling medical devices. The strain-to-strain variation of the gene encoding the quorum-sensing pheromone of S. epidermidis as well as the correlation between specificity groups and origin from infection were determined. The pro-pheromone gene was highly conserved and showed infrequent, non-synonymous, single-nucleotide polymorphisms that led to conservative amino acid exchanges only. Importantly, one specificity group was significantly more frequent among strains isolated from infection. The finding that quorum-sensing specificity groups are linked to infection demonstrates the relevance of quorum-sensing for virulence in this critical human pathogen and contributes to the scientific basis needed for the development of quorum-sensing-targeting drugs.
Measuring Arctic Sea Ice Motion in Real Time With Photogrammetry

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been collecting sea ice data in the Arctic, off the northern coast of Alaska, with an airborne system employing a radar altimeter, lidar, and a photogrammetric camera in an effort to obtain wide swaths of measurements coincident with CryoSat-2 track footprints. Because the satellite tracks traverse regions of moving pack ice, and the aircraft speed and measurement footprint are smaller than that of the satellite, it is necessary to know the local ice motion in order to plan and fly a full-coverage survey. With the advent of functional and real-time orthographic photogrammetric systems, we have developed a Real-Time Ice Motion Estimation (RTIME) system that permits the rapid determination of sea ice motion. RTIME enables tracking of specific patches of ice, allowing direct comparison of airborne data to satellite data on a point-by-point basis. This system should be of utility to other Arctic airborne science programs.
Actuator-limited robust controller design for smart structures using linear matrix inequalities

Smart Structural systems have gained lot of importance now- a-days and have found to have applications in several areas especially in the areas of aerospace, automotive and space applications. One of the essential aspects involved in the integration of smart structures is that of the control system design. Actuator limitation poses as a major obstacle in the real-time implementation of controllers for smart structural systems. This paper gives an account of the application of a controller design procedure to handle control input limitation problem in the design of controllers for smart structures. This procedure, called the limit protection design approach, uses a two-step design procedure to design a control system to achieve graceful degradation of performance in the presence of control input limitation. The solution of the limit protection compensator involves solving a set of bilinear matrix inequalities (BLMIs). An iterative procedure is given for the solution of the BLMIs. Finally, we give the simulation results got from applying the above said procedure on an experimental smart structure.
Pace-Setting Mechanisms of the Nesting Cycle in the Ring-Billed Gull

Records of the incidence of sitting, provisioning and other attentive activities by parent Ring-billed Gulls at their nests were obtained for successive daily stages of the breeding cycle. The normal progression of stimulus features at 112 nests was experimentally delayed, advanced, arrested, accelerated and reversed by exchanging eggs and chicks of various ages for information on the effect of such manipulations on the progress of the breeding cycle. A series of undisturbed nests provided control data. The incidence of sitting activity at control nests (two parents alternating) was 99+%, when eggs were present, dropped to 90% at hatching and remained at a plateau at that level for 3 days, then declined at about 13% per day. Full time (egg-level) sitting was extended by experimentally postponing the introduction of chicks, shortened by early introductions and restored by returning to eggs after as much as four days with chicks. The 90% level of the early post-hatching period was induced by replacing eggs with chicks regardless of the time of the introduction (up to 8 days early or late) or the age of the introduced chicks (up to 6 days of age). The post-plateau decline was delayed and attenuated by arresting the normal nest progression at early chick stages, and advanced and accelerated by accelerating the progression. Provisioning (feeding the young) activity appeared with the introduction of chicks at any time, early or late in the cycle, and ceased abruptly with a return to eggs. The level of provisioning increased over the first two days to an incidence level of about 7%, then gradually declined after the fifth day. Exchanges of eggs and chicks were generally well tolerated by parent gulls in the delaying, advancing, arresting and accelerating experiments but not where the progression was reversed from advanced chicks to eggs or early chicks. The data suggest: a - The pace-setting mechanisms of the breeding cycle switch from internal (hormonal) to external (embryo and chick development) regulators early in the incubation phase of the cycle. b - Changes in parental activity at hatching are quantitatively uniform and are triggered by non-specific stimuli associated with cliicks. c - Changes in parental activity after the second day are quantitatively regulated by changing stimuli associated with growing chicks.
The purloined speech: Race and illegitimacy in the Obama school speech controversy

Abstract In this article, we examine the controversy over and partial ban of Barack Obama's 2009 school speech. Drawing on Lacan's analysis of Poe's Purloined Letter, we argue that the speech was purloined in the way the letter was in Poe's story; that is, its course was prolonged. Further, the banning of the speech had less to do with the speech's content than it did with the role of the speech as a pure signifier – a structuring moment around which political subjectivities were staked out. These subjectivities, we argue, draw on the symbolic universe that Spillers refers to as the “American Grammar”, which never directly references race while being fully constituted by racial difference. The American Grammar constructs a historically and spatially contingent subject of a white, male political leader as a universal paternal authority figure whose legitimacy is based on protecting the “innocent” and the “intimate (home)” from external threat. In efforts to ban Obama's school speech and protect the nation's “innocent school children”, two specific elisions were made: 1) Obama was constructed in terms of what we, following Morrison, term an Africanist presence and made external to the nation to which he was then labeled as a threat, and 2) the space of the school was constructed as private and apolitical precluding Obama's access.