cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of Thermally Oxydized Soybean Oil and Evaluation of Foaminess by Gas Pumping Method

The object of this study was to detect the substances which caused foaming of thermally oxidized soybean oil in deep fat frying.Soybean oil was subjected to thermal oxidation at 200°C in the presence of air for various lapse of time. The column chromatographic method was used to fractionate the foaming oil thus obtained. Silicagel (20g) treated with 60ml of n-hexane containing 5% i-propyl ether served as the adsorbent. Thermally oxidized soybean oil samples (0.51g) were eluted with 100ml of 15% i-propyl ether in hexane to yield first fraction (F1); 100ml of 60% i-propyl ether in n-hexane to yield the second fraction (F2) and with 100ml of ethyl ether to yield the third fraction (F3). Soybean oils which were heated at 200°C for 2, 4, 6 and 10hr, respectively, in the presence of air showed increase of fractions F2 and F3, while a decrease was seen in fraction F1 in the respective oil. The contents of F1, F2 and F3 in soybean oil heated for 10hr at 200°C were 38, 35 and 25% respectively.The physical and chemical characteristics, mean molecular weight and foaming tendencies of each fraction thus obtained were measured. The measurements of foaming tendency were carried out by the gas pumping method through a sieve-plate which would be suitable for the purpose for treating such small quantities of samples. The results showed that the foaming of soybean oil was caused by the oxidative polymerized fractions therein.The reduction of carbonyls and epoxy groups to hydroxyl in F2 and F3 with Sodium Borohydride caused more foaming, and the elimination of hydroxyl group caused less foaming, indicating that the polar fractions do exert effect on the foaming tendencies but would actually vary by the quantity and or variety of the polar groups formed.
The Modern Grievance Procedure in the United States

The article presents a review of the book “The Modern Grievance Procedure in the United States,” by David Lewin and Richard B. Peterson.
Evolution of Semiconductor Thin Film and Surface Microstructure During Ion Bombardment

Defects created by ion irradiation can enable new modes of microstructural development at interfaces and surfaces in semiconductor thin films. Two examples are described. First, novel kinetic paths for microstructural evolution via MeV ion beam modification of amorphous-crystal interface motion in Si are discussed. At intermediate temperatures, amorphous layer formation is initiated at interfaces such as surfaces and grain boundaries in polycrystalline Si. Irradiation at higher temperatures during the early stages of Si crystallization leads to a significant enhancement of the crystal nucleation rate, while nearly complete suppression of crystal nucleation during crystal growth can be achieved by a cyclic irradiation-induced amorphization and thermal growth process. Second, a new development in misfit strain accommodation in epitaxial semiconductor films is described in which ion-induced injection of point defect complexes can produce coherent, uniformly strained epitaxial thin films. Measurement of strain in epitaxial films can be used to distinguish between surface and sub-surface atomic displacements generated by a low energy ion beam.
Looking Back A Bibliographic History of The American Economist

The American Economist has a distinctive legacy in economics by being the official publication of the organization that honors academic excellence in the field, Omicron Delta Epsilon, The Internati...
The effects of incentive shift as a function of training

Five groups of rats were trained and extinguished in an 11 ft runway. Either 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 trials were given with 1 Noyes pellet followed by the remainder of 40 trials with 10 pellets. The increase in response speed following the incentive shift was positively related to the number of 1-pellet trials. Speed during extinction was monotonie with terminal acquisition speed.
The Morphology and a Chemical Analysis of the Teliospore of the Dwarf Bunt Fungus, Tilletia Contraversa

SUMMARYEmploying various reagents to dissolve or to digest portions of the teliospore of Tilletia contraversa Kuhn in conjunction with histochemical procedures, the morphology of the spore was dete...
Variations of Specific and Varietal Character Induced in an Isolate of Brevilegnia

The genus Brevilegnia was established by Coker (1) on the basis of the following characters: (1) the presence of a depauperate dense mycelium; (2) the development of zo6sporangia which behaved "about as in Thraustotheca " (1, p. 212), i.e., discharged the spores by an irregular rupture of the sporangium wall, which disappeared after maturity; (3) the variability in sporangiospore size and the frequent failure of these spores to emit secondary swarmers; and (4) the formation of small, monosporic o6gonia. The type species was B. unisperma Coker, the distinguishing characters of which were the presence of many large, long-cylindrical sporangia; the complete disappearance of the sporangial wall simultaneous with the escape of the spores; the development of small, spherical, irregular, one-spored o6gonia; the formation of androgynous, profusely branched and irregular antheridia; and the occurrence of zo6spores. Other species and varieties were later described by Coker and others, separated from the type on the basis of such properties as the size and shape of the sporangia, the presence or absence of antheridia, the motility or lack of motility of the zo6spores, and the formation or absence of gemmae. When an isolate of Brevilegnia was obtained by the writer, attempts were made to determine to what species the fungus belonged. However, this was found impossible because of the wide variations in the morphology of the mycelium, asexual structures,
If "A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words," What is a Video Worth?

In a 2014 article, Huffington Post writer Scott MacFarland asks, “If a picture is worth a thousand words, what is a video worth?’ (1). McFarland suggests that we are in the midst of a paradigm shift, and if “a picture is worth a thousand words then maybe a moving picture (video) is worth a million people.” Statistics show that in the United States, 75 million people watch videos online each month and there are 40 billion videos streamed monthly. These numbers are simply staggering considering that I personally feel somewhat impactful when one of my published articles gets referenced more than 10 times a year. As we all know, having a scientific article ‘go viral’ just doesn't happen that often, and while the number of eyeballs is not really a metric that scientists strive for, providing our scientific findings in the most impactful way using the most astute media capabilities seems to make a lot of sense. Traditional publication venues are confined in a two-dimensional world using multi-panel figures which condense in size with increasing panel numbers thereby increasing the information content presented. As figures become more and more complex, they become increasingly more difficult to interpret and to derive meaningful information.
Preventing Campus Sexual Assault: Evaluating Studies of Male Offender Prevention Programs and Determining Best Practices

Campus sexual assault is becoming a highly publicized issue, with the U.S. White House recently releasing a report urging universities to improve prevention efforts through systematic evaluations, policies, reporting procedures, and victim support (U.S. White House Task Force, 2014). Although these recent headlines have focused attention on universities’ responses to sexual assault, research in prevention program effectiveness has been conducted in university settings for over 30 years. This thesis focuses on past research in primary prevention in facilitated educational trainings for college men. This thesis reviews studies on interventions implemented on college campuses by exploring the most effective practices, and illuminating some of the ongoing challenges in prevention research. The results indicate that some of the most effective practices in sexual assault prevention programs for men include components that educate participants about rape statistics; debunk rape myths and reduce myth acceptance; increase victim empathy through descriptions of the impacts of sexual assault; address the role masculine gender norms and socialization play in sexual assault; and encourage bystander intervention. Some of the challenges in measuring the effectiveness of these programs include the dearth of longitudinal evaluations and demonstrated durability of effects; lack of evaluations of incidence of sexual assault; implementation of only single sessions of the program; lack of accountability for social desirability; and the limited understanding of the causes of sexual
Application of Digital Certification Technology in Library web sites

Because the literature was protected by intellectual property,so when the library web site provides literature services,it should confirm the identity of the user.This article will introduce an authentication method,which is usually used by finance.It is reliable,easy to use and low cost.
Guide to the interpretation of cardiac arrhythmias. 2.

A systematic plan is especially helpful in analyzing cardiac arrhythmias. By a general inspection of a given electrocardiogram, one can tell if an arrhythmia is simple, complex, benign or serious. Determining whether or not sinus beats are present is immensely helpful. Knowledge of the presence or absence of P waves narrows the diagnostic possibilities appreciably.
Fluid and rock bulk viscosity and modulus

Bulk viscosity is rarely measured in the laboratory and is often poorly defined in the literature. We show that bulk viscosity can be a dominant factor in acoustic dispersion and attenuation of rocks containing a highly viscous fluid. A common method to measure attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves in the laboratory is the stress-strain method. We present bulk modulus attenuation and dispersion data collected on two heavy-oil-saturated rock samples by oscillating confining pressure method. Data was acquired at 0.001–1 Hz frequencies and compared to previous quasistatic axial stress-strain measurements. We demonstrate that bulk losses are significant even at these ultralow frequencies.
An Empiric Evaluation of the Effect of Variation in Intensity of Followup for Surgically Treated Renal Neoplasms on Cancer Specific Survival

Purpose: Followup protocols after the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma lack clear evidence linking the intensity of imaging surveillance to improved outcomes. In this context we characterized the relationship between surveillance imaging intensity and cancer specific survival.Materials and Methods: Using SEER-Medicare data we identified 7,603 men with renal cell carcinoma treated surgically between 2004 and 2009. Multivariable negative binomial regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between patient level characteristics and the variation in imaging intensity. We modeled the association between kidney cancer specific mortality and imaging intensity using Fine and Gray proportional subdistribution hazards regression with other cause death treated as a competing risk for 2 separate followup periods (15 and 36 months).Results: More than 40% of patients in the short interval cohort and more than 50% in the intermediate interval group underwent no chest imaging during the evalua...
van der Waals epitaxy of CdTe thin film on graphene

van der Waals epitaxy (vdWE) facilitates the epitaxial growth of materials having a large lattice mismatch with the substrate. Although vdWE of two-dimensional (2D) materials on 2D materials have been extensively studied, the vdWE for three-dimensional (3D) materials on 2D substrates remains a challenge. It is perceived that a 2D substrate passes little information to dictate the 3D growth. In this article, we demonstrated the vdWE growth of the CdTe(111) thin film on a graphene buffered SiO2/Si substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique, despite a 46% large lattice mismatch between CdTe and graphene and a symmetry change from cubic to hexagonal. Our CdTe films produce a very narrow X-ray rocking curve, and the X-ray pole figure analysis showed 12 CdTe (111) peaks at a chi angle of 70°. This was attributed to two sets of parallel epitaxy of CdTe on graphene with a 30° relative orientation giving rise to a 12-fold symmetry in the pole figure. First-principles calculations reveal that,...
Home with Hip Hop Feminism: Performances in Communication and Culture, by Aisha S. Durham

The lived-experiences of African American women are often discussed without the incorporation or acknowledgment of their perspective. Such discussions and narrow portrayals of African American wome...
A /spl mu/-synthesis robust SVC control design

Based on a bifurcation subsystem method a /spl mu/-synthesis SVC (MSVC) control is designed to increase the damping of interarea oscillation as well as maintaining the bus voltages. The structured uncertainty modeling, the MSVC control configuration, the performance index, and the weighting transfer function are formulated according the nature of the interarea oscillation caused by active power load change. The MSVC designed in this paper and the robust power system stabilizer (MPSS) in the previous paper are compared and discussed. Bifurcation subsystem method plays an important part in this paper because it provides (1) a bifurcation parameter for uncertainty modeling; and (2) a criterion to reduce the order of the resulting MSVC control.
Racial differences in the association between heart rate variability and left ventricular mass

NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including greater left ventricular mass (LVM). Despite their enhanced CVD risk profile, African Americans have been shown to exhibit higher HRV, relative to Whites; however, it is unclear whether this pattern extends to the association between HRV and LVM. What is the main finding and its importance? Using ECG and echocardiographic data, HRV was positively associated with LVM in a non-clinical sample of African Americans. These findings suggest that current assumptions regarding the meaning of higher HRV might not be universal, which might have implications for HRV as a risk marker among African Americans. Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) is an early precursor of target organ damage attributable to hypertension. Diminished parasympathetic cardiac control has been linked to both hypertension onset and left ventricular impairment; however, emerging evidence suggests that this pattern might be different in African Americans. The present study sought to determine whether race impacts the relationship between parasympathetic cardiac control and LVM. The LVM was assessed via echocardiography in a sample (n = 148) of African American and White adults (mean age 33.20 ± 5.71 years) with normal or mildly elevated blood pressure. Parasympathetic cardiac control was assessed by a measure of high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) determined from ECG recordings during 5 min of rest. In regression analysis, greater HF-HRV was associated with greater LVM among African Americans (P = 0.002) but was not related to LVM in Whites (P = 0.919). These are the first data to demonstrate that race moderates the relationship between HRV and LVM and further suggest that race might be an important factor in the association between parasympathetic cardiac control and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
A high resolution agent-based model to support walk-bicycle infrastructure investment decisions: A case study with New York City

Abstract Active transportation modes–walk and bicycle–are central for low carbon transport, healthy living, and complete streets initiative. Building a community with amenable walk and bicycle facilities asks for smart planning and investments. It is critical to investigate the impact of infrastructure building or expansion on the overall walk and bicycle mode usage prior to making investment choices utilizing public tax money. This research developed a high performance agent-based model to support investment decisions that allows to assess the impact of changes in walk-bike infrastructures at a fine spatial resolution (e.g., block group level). We built the agent-based model (ABM) in Repast-HPC platform and calibrated the model using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Simulation (SPSA) technique. The ABM utilizes data from a synthetic population simulator that generates agents with corresponding socio-demographic characteristics, and integrates facility attributes regarding walking and bicycling such as sidewalk width and total length bike lane into the mode choice decision making process. Moreover, the ABM accounts for the effect of social interactions among agents who share identical home and work geographic locations. Finally, GIS-based maps are developed at block group resolution that allows examining the effect of walk-bike infrastructure related investments. The results from New York City case study indicate that infrastructure investments such as widening sidewalk and increasing bike lane network can positively influence the active transportation mode choices. Also, the impact varies with geographic locations–different boroughs of New York City will have different impacts. Our ABM simulation results also indicate that social promotions foucsing on active transportation can positively reinforce the impacts of infrastructure changes.
Percentage of Deaths Associated With Inadequate Physical Activity in the United States

INTRODUCTION Current physical activity guidelines recommend that adults participate weekly in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity to achieve substantial health benefits. We used a nationally representative sample of data of US adults to estimate the percentage of deaths attributable to levels of physical activity that were inadequate to meet the aerobic guideline. METHODS Data from the 1990 to 1991 National Health Interview Survey for adults aged 25 years or older were linked with mortality data up until December 31, 2011, from the National Death Index (N = 67,762 persons and 18,796 deaths). Results from fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and population attributable fractions for inadequate levels of physical activity (ie, less than 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic activity). RESULTS Overall, 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4-10.2) of deaths were attributed to inadequate levels of physical activity. The percentage of deaths attributed to inadequate levels was not significant for adults aged 25 to 39 years (-0.2%; 95% CI, -8.8% to 7.7%) but was significant for adults aged 40 to 69 years (9.9%; 95% CI, 7.2%-12.6%) and adults aged 70 years or older (7.8%; 95% CI, 4.9%-10.7%). CONCLUSIONS A significant portion of deaths was attributed to inadequate levels of physical activity. Increasing adults' physical activity levels to meet current guidelines is likely one way to reduce the risk of premature death in the United States.
Rationale of the solvent selection for soil extraction of pesticide residues

Monitoring soils for persistent pesticides residues requires accurate and sensitive analytical methods. Residue extraction, the first step in a long multi-stage procedure, is as important as the subsequent analyses because residues that are not extracted are not measured. Similarly, erroneous monitoring data of industrial contaminants in the environment could result if ineffective extraction procedures are used. Important to the final results of a residue analysis are the collection of the soil sample, storage, the degree of weathering or aging of the sample, preparation prior to extraction, soil texture, water content of the soil sample, the organic solvent used, solvent-soil contact time, mechanical handling of the mixture (stripping), and the amount of co-extractives and the nature of their interference.
Observation of Channeling Radiation from Relativistic Electrons

Radiation from 56-MeV and 28-MeV electrons channeled along major planes or along a major axis of an 18-..mu..m thick silicon crystal has been observed. Unpredicted spectral peaks in the range from 10 to 130 keV were observed and resolved for planar-channeling electrons, whereas only a large low-energy enhancement was seen for axial-channeling electrons.
Disorganized attachment as a diathesis for sexual deviance: Developmental experience and the motivation for sexual offending.

Recently, researchers and theorists have begun to focus attention on the early attachments and developmental contexts of sexual offenders. Attachment theory provides a unique conceptual perspective from which to derive possible motivation for some sexual offense behavior, as well as explore the inter- and intrapersonal contexts that contribute to deviant sexual behavior. The quality of attachments in childhood and adolescence is well known to impact development of critical self-regulatory functions such as emotional definition and control, cognitive self-definition, and interpersonal expectation. In this paper, in an effort to contribute to an extant etiological model of sexual offending [Trauma, Violence, Abus 1 (2000) 250], attachment disorganization is identified as a marker for severe attachment insecurity, a specific diathesis in the etiology of sexual offending. We hypothesize that individuals with disorganized attachment experiences do not adequately develop and/or fail to adequately internalize self-regulatory skills, and thus may be more likely to rely on externally based means of self-regulation. In particular, sexual offending is identified as one of several possible strategies of externally based intra- and interpersonal control, emerging primarily in adolescence in response to several pressures: a frightening experience of the self, poor interpersonal relationships, childhood experience with adult sexuality, and the biological and social push of puberty.
Localization of mRNAs at synaptic sites on dendrites.

It is becoming increasingly clear that an important aspect of gene expression in neurons involves the delivery of mRNAs to particular subcellular domains. Specifically, although the majority of the mRNAs that are expressed by neurons are found only in the neuronal cell body, a select population of mRNAs are transported into dendrites, and certain neurons also transport mRNA into axons. The nature and significance of this RNA targeting is now under intense investigation, and it is clear that mRNA targeting plays a key role in several aspects of neuronal function.
A global analysis of how losing an election affects voter satisfaction with democracy

In this article, we argue that a deeper understanding of citizen satisfaction with democratic elections requires a global perspective. Regional research found that a gap in satisfaction with democr...
Treatment Results of Poor-grade (WFNS Grade V) Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Although surgical treatment of poor-grade patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms is still challenging, it is well known that some patients become independent after surgical intervention. Controversy is how to select patients with factors predictive of favorable outcome. The purpose of this paper is to extract factors predictive of favorable or poor outcome from analysis of our treatment results.
Walking With Elephants: A Case for Trans-Species Ethnography

This paper argues for the development of new methodologies for studying animals and human-animal relationships that take qualitative and hermeneutic considerations into account. Drawing on the traditions of anthropology, depth psychology, and somatic studies, the paper advocates for the use of a trans-species ethnography that situates the researcher as a participant-observer in the field, in relationship with the subjects of study. This theoretical framework is illustrated by case study in the form of the author’s fieldwork on human-elephant communication at an elephant sanctuary in Cambodia.
Simulation of laser micro-machining with tunable acoustic gradient of refractive index lens (TAG lens) as an ultrafast z-scanner (Conference Presentation)

One of the key performance factors of the laser machining of materials is the efficiency. The extension of the depth of field increases the machining rate, especially on non-flat surfaces. Previous work from our group successfully implemented a novel, vari-focal liquid lens (TAG lens) for the ultrafast z-scanning in laser micro-machining. It was showed experimentally and theoretically that the micro-machining efficiency of silicon and polyimide can be improved over a range of defocus distance. In this presentation, we present a numerical simulation of laser thermal ablation with ultrafast z-scanning using COMSOL Multiphysics. The model includes absorption of laser radiation, heat transfer in solid, deformed geometry for materials removal, and random sampling of focal positions. This simulation not only shows the transient response of the laser-material interaction, but accounts for some of the complexities simplified by the theoretical model. Therefore, it exhibits better estimation of the ablation rate in a real system. In addition, to demonstrate the improved machining efficiency on non-flat surfaces, we design an experiment of laser machining on roughened silicon to compare the z-scanning machining system with the conventional machining system. The numerical model is shown to be consistent with the experiment result.
ICD Therapy in LVAD: Rates and Predictors of Appropriate and Inappropriate Shock

Purpose Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are common in continuous flow-left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD) patients. We investigated the rates of appropriate and inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharges following CF-LVAD placement without planned ICD reprograming. Methods All patients with CF-LVAD and prior ICD implants from 2008-2018 with pre and post implant follow up data (n=82) were eligible. Appropriate ICD discharge was defined as shock received for VA as reported by an electrophysiologist, whereas shocks received for any other rhythms were considered inappropriate. Results 16 out of 82 patients received an appropriate ICD discharge whereas 6 received an inappropriate shock during follow up (mean 1.51 years). The rates of receiving appropriate shock for VA were 19.5% (0.129 per patient year), and for inappropriate shock were 7.3% (0.064 per patient year). We compared the baseline characteristics of patients who received an appropriate ICD shock to those without any shocks (Table). In a multivariate logistic model, after adjusting for several variables including atrial fibrillation, amiodarone use, NYHA class, and type of cardiomyopathy, only the history of pre-LVAD VA was associated with higher odds of post left ventricular assist device (LVAD) appropriate discharge (p=0.004). There were no baseline characteristics predictive of inappropriate ICD shock. Conclusion Patients with CF-LVAD and ICD have a high burden of appropriate and inappropriate ICD shocks. History of pre-LVAD VA predicted higher chances of appropriate ICD shock post LVAD. Prospective multicenter trials are necessary to investigate optimal ICD programing to safely reduce rates of appropriate and inappropriate therapy.
Updraft Constraints on Entrainment: Insights from Amazonian Deep Convection

AbstractMixing of environmental air into clouds, or entrainment, has been identified as a major contributor to erroneous climate predictions made by modern comprehensive climate and numerical weath...
Visuo-haptic object perception

Abstract Vision and touch have many similarities in their processing of information, manifested in multiple behavioral similarities in terms of categorization, recognition, and individual differences. This chapter reviews how these similarities contribute to multisensory object processing. For example, similar unisensory visual and haptic representations are integrated into a multisensory representation that supports both visuo-haptic crossmodal object recognition and view-independence. These behavioral similarities between vision and touch, and the evidence for integration of visual and haptic information into a multisensory representation, imply a shared neural basis for visuo-haptic object processing. We review the evidence that several brain regions, previously thought to be specialized for aspects of visual processing, are additionally active during analogous haptic tasks. Finally, we describe a model of visuo-haptic multisensory object recognition in which the object-selective lateral occipital complex is served by both top-down and bottom-up pathways depending on object familiarity and variable involvement of object and spatial imagery processes.
Joint Sparsity and Inverse Source for Three-dimensional Shape Estimation of Unknown Targets

The reconstruction of qualitative information about unknown obstacles (i.e., presence, location and shape), starting from the measurements of their scattered fields when illuminated with known incident field, takes on great importance in many testing and diagnostics applications, especially in underground prospecting and biomedical imaging. The approaches which aim at solving such a problem are usually referred to as qualitative methods. Among them, very recently a new approach has been proposed for the case of bi-dimensional geometries and scalar field, based on the concept of joint sparsity and the solution of related inverse source problems. It is inspired by the fact that, whatever illumination conditions, the field scattered by the unknown (dielectric or metallic) object can be assumed as radiated by some (equivalent in case of dielectric object and induced in case of metallic) currents located on the unknown object's contour. Inspired from its flexibility and versatility with respect to the kind of experiments, in this contribution the rationale underlying the approach has been tailored and tested against the challenging and realistic case of three-dimensional geometry.
Chapter 4 – Endocrine-Immune Modulation

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of the endocrine system in the modulation of immune function, focusing on the major structures that compose the endocrine system and the major hormones released by the endocrine glands. The hypothalamus lies at the base of the brain. Neurons located within various hypothalamic nuclei are directly involved in the release of the pituitary hormones, which, in turn affect the activity of the other endocrine glands. It is important to emphasize that there is a high degree of interconnectivity among hypothalamic nuclei that have been implicated in endocrine regulation. The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, lies at the base of the brain, just behind the eyes, and it is directly connected to the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk. The thyroid gland is located in the throat area. The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys. They are composed of a cortex (outer) and a medulla (inner) region. The release of GH (somatotropin) from the anterior pituitary cells, known as somatotrophs, is influenced by a wide range of factors. GH release is stimulated by thyroid hormones and testosterone. It is inhibited by estradiol. GH regulates its own release both at the hypothalamic level and at the level of the pituitary.
Examining the factor structure of the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form-Teacher Form in a Spanish-speaking Mexican-American sample

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the teacher version of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form (CBQ-VSF-TF)-a measure of temperament-with a sample of low-income Latinx preschool children. Forty-three teachers (95.3% female; 88.4% Latinx) of 247 preschool children completed the CBQ-VSF-TF. The development sample was primarily Caucasian and lower middle class. Results of our confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) with a sample of Latinx low-income children suggested a six-factor solution, whereas Allan et al. (2013) who adapted the parent version of CBQ-VSF to create the teacher version found a five-factor structure for CBQ-VSF-TF in their exploratory factor analyses. While in our CFA analyses we were able to largely replicate the five factors for CBQ-VSF-TF in Allan et al. (2013) , the items that loaded on the Effortful Control, Sensitivity, and Shyness factors were different in our CFA analyses versus those in the EFA analyses of Allan et al. (2013) , and we found an additional factor likely related to cultural perceptions in the teacher student match. Results of this study suggest caution in the use of the CBQ-VSF-TF as differences in the dimensionality of the CBQ-VSF-TF can emerge from its use with populations or raters that differ from development sample.
Bandwidth and frequency pulling of a 140 GHz gyrotron

A harmonic mixer system has been used to measure the operating frequency of a pulsed, 140 GHz gyrotron. Bandwidths as low as 3 MHz, which is the instrumental limit, have been observed at both low and high power operation. The experimental and theoretical dependence of frequency on voltage, current and magnetic field will be described.
Are the criteria always right? Assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma cases in living donor liver transplantation at a high-volume center.

Background/aim With the increased experience in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), it has been adopted for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with emerging discussions of criteria beyond tumor size and number. In contrast to deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT), recipient selection for LDLT is not limited by organ allocation systems. We discuss herein the assessment, criteria, and experience with liver transplantation (LT) in HCC cases at a high-volume LDLT center. Material and methods Between August 2006 and December 2017, 191 adult LT HCC recipients with at least one-year follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 191 patients, one-, three- and five-year survival rates were 87.2%, 81.6%, and 76.2%, respectively, including early postoperative mortality. In 174 patients with long-term follow-up, one-, three- and five-year disease-free survival rates were 91.6%, 87.7%, and 84.4%, respectively. When multivariate analysis was utilized, tumor differentiation was the only factor which statistically affected survival (p = 0.025). Conclusion LDLT allows us to push the limits forward and the question “Are the criteria always right?” is always on the table. We can conclude that, with the advantage of LDLT, every HCC patient deserves a case-by-case basis discussion for LT under scientific literature support. In borderline cases, tumor biopsy might help determine the decision for LT.
Virtual Reality of Nature Can Be as Effective as Actual Nature in Promoting Ecological Behavior

The purpose of this project was to better understand the relationship between virtual nature experiences and ecological behavior. Participants (n = 57) were gathered in three experimental groups. T...
Role of porosity on the equilibration kinetics in electrical conductivity relaxation experiments

Abstract The role of porosity on the equilibration kinetics in electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) experiments is highlighted. Both porous and dense conductivity bars are used to determine the chemical oxygen surface exchange coefficient (kchem) of neodymium nickelate Nd2NiO4+δ (NNO) from 600 to 800 °C. Using porous bars allows for quicker ECR experiments during which the conductivity transient is rate limited only by oxygen surface exchange which enables the use of a simple transient model. Additionally, porous bars have similar microstructures to porous electrodes which means they are critical for determining the oxygen exchange kinetics of realistic electrodes. ECR results on dense bars with porous coatings are also presented. The conductivity transients of dense and porous bars both show similar trends with oxygen partial pressure. Additionally, both porous and dense bars show a difference between oxidation and reduction transients with oxidation transients being faster than reduction transients.
Hydrogel-based DIY Underwater Morphing Artifacts: A morphing and fabrication technique to democratize the creation of controllable morphing 3D underwater structures with low-cost, easily available hydrogel beads adhered to a substrate.

Hydrogels are versatile morphing materials that have recently been adopted for creating shape-changing interfaces. However, most shape-changing interfaces require advanced material synthesis, specialized lab settings for fabrication, and technical knowledge is needed to simulate their morphing behavior. To replicate such structures, these factors become a barrier for makers. Therefore, to democratize the creation of hydrogel-based morphing artifacts and to extend their design space in HCI, we propose a water-triggered morphing mechanism that utilizes the distance between adjacent hydrogel beads adhered on a thin substrate to control their bending angle. This paper describes the bending angle quantification experiments for creating a simulator, the process of developing a computational tool along with its user-friendly workflow and demonstrates kirigami and branch-based artifacts built with the tool. Using our method, anyone can easily design and fabricate custom morphing structures.
Flat Riemannian Manifolds

Bieberbach groups can be studied purely for their algebraic properties which are extremely interesting. If we do so, however, we will be missing out on some wonderful results in riemannian geometry which, after a little initial work, come free with the algebraic results on Bieberbach groups. This procedure in which problems in one field, riemannian geometry, are converted to problems in another field, algebra, is very much in the spirit of modern mathematics.
Tools to measure health literacy among Spanish speakers: An integrative review of the literature

Abstract Objective Health literacy measurement can help inform healthcare service delivery. The objective of this study is to identify validated tools to measure health literacy among Spanish speakers and to summarize characteristics that are relevant when selecting tools for use in clinical or research settings. Methods An English and Spanish search of 9 databases was conducted between October 2014 and May 2015. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles presenting initial validation and psychometric properties of a tool to measure health literacy among Spanish speaking patients. Characteristics relevant to tool selection were reviewed and presented. Results Twenty articles validating 19 instruments met inclusion criteria. Instruments were designed for use with Spanish speakers in numerous contexts and measured different health literacy skills such as reading comprehension or numeracy. Methods used to validate tools were inconsistent across instruments. Conclusion Although tools have inconsistencies and inefficiencies, many can be used for assessment of health literacy among Spanish speakers. Practice implications Healthcare providers, organizations, and researchers can use this review to select effective health literacy tools to indicate patient’s ability to understand and use health information so that services and materials can be more appropriately tailored to Spanish speaking patients.
Apolipoproteins and metabolism in atherosclerosis.

The term “apolipoproteins” was initially coined by John Oncley in the 1940s to refer to the protein constituents of the plasma lipoproteins. Since then, we have learned a great deal about the structures, functions, and in some cases, the mechanisms of apolipoproteins.
Worshipers and Warriors

In examining China's two-thousand-year history of peasant revolt, one is struck by continuities in both location and organizational style. For century upon century, rebellions tended to erupt in similar form in particular geographical areas. To be sure, variations in demands, leadership, fighting strategy, and so on did occur in response to changing historical circumstances. Yet the overriding impression is of a tenacious persistence of certain pattems of revolt in particular geographical regions. One such hotbed of peasant unrest was the Huai River valley, scene of the first great popular revolt in Chinese history. Since that ancient beginning by Wu Guang and Chen Sheng in 209 B.C., the area has witnessed countless peasant upheavals. Memories and traditions were passed down through the ages to keep alive a consciousness of the possibility and method of resistance to oppression. What is the explanation for this continuity? What mechanisms served to transmit the experience of revolt from one generation to the next?
Toward Universality in Similarity Renormalization Group Evolved Few-body Potential Matrix Elements

We first examine how T-matrix equivalence drives the flow of similarity renormalization group (SRG) evolved potential matrix elements to a universal form, with the ultimate goal of gaining insight into universality for three-nucleon forces. In agreement with observations made previously for Lee-Suzuki transformations, regions of universal potential matrix elements are restricted to where half-on-shell T-matrix equivalence holds, but the potentials must also reproduce binding energies. We find universality in local energy regions, reflecting a local decoupling by the SRG. To continue the study in the 3-body sector, we create a simple 1-D spinless boson "theoretical laboratory" for a dramatic improvement in computational efficiency. We introduce a basis-transformation, harmonic oscillator (HO) basis, which is used for current many-body calculations and discuss the imposed truncations. When SRG evolving in a HO-basis, we show that the evolved matrix elements, once transformed back into momentum-representation, differ from those when evolving with momentum representation. This is because the generator in each basis is not exactly the same due to the truncation, which creates evolution artifacts in the 3-body potential matrix elements. In the 2- body sector, this can be avoided by increasing the basis size, but it remains unclear whether this is possible in the 3-body sector, as truncation errors in the 3-body sector are more difficult to avoid, and the computational power required is greatly increased for three-body evolution.
Aristotle on the Principle of Non-Contradiction

Not the least among the many puzzling features of the fourth book of Aristotle's Metaphysics is his discussion of the Principle of Non-Contradiction (hereafter ‘PNC’). Even leaving aside the obvious difficulty of determining what his arguments succeed in showing about PNC, we face the more fundamental problem of figuring out what he takes them to show. For he proceeds in such a way as to suggest that he is not always completely clear about what he is up to. Aristotle seems to be offering arguments in support of PNC. Yet to do so would be to try to demonstrate something he considers indemonstrable, to prove a first principle, to treat an ultimate explanans as also an explanandum – and to try to explain it. These maneuvers fly in the face of the teachings of the Organon, which allow no room for a demonstration, or proof (apodeixis), of PNC.
Thermoelectric properties of the doped Kondo insulator: Nd x Ce 3-x Pt 3 Sb 4

The temperature dependence of the thermopower, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity were explored for the solid solution ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{4}$ obtained from the parent Kondo insulator ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{4}.$ While ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{4}$ is a semiconductor with a small activation energy ${(E}_{a}\ensuremath{\approx}0.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01\mathrm{eV})$ and a relatively large thermopower ($S=112\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{K}$ at 300 K), ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{3}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{4}$ is a simple metal with a typically low thermopower $(S=8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{K}$ at 300 K). The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{4}$ solid solution was found to be maximized at $x=0.35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10.$ The maximum ZT of 0.12 at approximately 230 K, however, is too small to be useful in thermoelectric applications.
Lung lysyl oxidase and prolyl hydroxylase: increases induced by cadmium chloride inhalation and the effect of beta-aminopropionitrile in rats

Industrial workers who are accidentally exposed to cadmium fumes often develop severe lung damage leading to widespread peribronchiolar scarring. This study examined the effect of a single exposure of cadmium chloride aerosol on rat lung lysyl oxidase and prolyl hydroxylase, both markers of connective tissue biosynthesis. Rats were killed at 2, 4, 7, 10, and 21 days after a 2-h exposure to 0.1% Cdcl2 aerosol. Total lung lysyl oxidase was increased 14.8 times that a saline control animals by 4 days and returned to near normal values by 10 days. Interestingly, a small amount of lysyl oxidase activity was also detectable in the lung lavage of unexposed animals and was markedly elevated at the earlier times after cadmium exposure. Total lung prolyl hydroxylase activity paralleled that of lung lysyl oxidase and increased 7.4-fold by the fourth day. A significant increase in total lung hydroxyproline could be demonstrated. Administration of beta-aminopropionitrile, an irreversible inhibitor of lysyl oxidase, prevented much of the increase in lysyl oxidase activity and the accumulation of collagen. The altered tissue amounts of lysyl oxidase and prolyl hydroxylase after cadmium inhalation correlated well with the marked interstitial cell hyperplasia 4 to 5 days after exposure and suggested that connective tissue protein synthesis is activated in the interstitial cell fibroblasts soon after cadmium exposure.
Exposing Instruction Level Parallelism in the Presence of Loops

Este trabajo se concentra en el analisis y deteccion de bucles para incrementar el paralelismo a nivel de instrucciones a traves de la especulacion de visitas enteras a los bucles. En la tesis se comparan las tecnicas propuestas con otras existentes y se proponen tecnicas hibridas que explotan las caracteristicas beneficas de los mecanismos involucrados. Se lleva a cabo un estudio dinamico de las propiedades de muchos conjuntos de aplicaciones con el fin de determinar las caracteristicas optimas del hardware propuesto. Tal incluye una memoria cache especialmente disenada para el almacenamiento y manejo optimo de instrucciones pertenecientes a los bucles. Proveyendo miles de instrucciones para especulacion en la memoria cache de bucles se obtienen aceleraciones en la mayoria de las aplicaciones con el mismo presupuesto de hardware. Se presenta de forma detallada el estudio exhaustivo de tecnicas similares asi como los detalles del diseno del hardware propuesto. Se justifican cada una de las caracteristicas basadas en estudios dinamicos de las propiedades de las aplicaciones. Tambien se analizan posibles formas de proveer mayor ganancia en el rendimiento y se presentan alternativas de adaptacion del hardware en arquitecturas futuras y en procesadores comerciales existentes