cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystallising whiteness: engaging white students’ whiteness through Civil Dialogue®

As an interdisciplinary field of study, Whiteness Studies have examined rhetorical strategies that reinforce whiteness ideology and White privilege at both macro- and micro-levels. The current stud...
The ongoing quest for pure foods

As Benjamin R. Cohen notes in his thoughtful book Pure Adulteration, it is difficult to find a time or a place in history that lacks purveyors of food and drink attempting to cheat their unsuspecting customers. As his book9s subtitle—"Cheating on Nature in the Age of Manufactured Food"—suggests, Cohen9s focus is on the pure food movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Self and Other in Contemporary Buddhist Inter-Communal Relations: Engaged Buddhist, Buddhist Nationalist and Buddhist Theological Perspectives

Buddhist thought has all the resources one might want for developing theologies of inter-communal and inter-religious friendliness. In fact, it is quite difficult to find justification for hostility towards others from the teachings of the Buddha. In the contemporary Buddhist world, there are outstanding examples of groups inspired by Buddhist teachings to promote friendly relations with the other—notably, the Engaged Buddhists. But there are also groups—Buddhist Nationalists—that are hostile and aggressive to the other, in the name of Buddhism. What thinking about self and other is behind the Engaged Buddhist and Buddhist Nationalist approaches to relations with the “other”? How should we understand this from historical and Buddhist theological perspectives? Is there a way to promote the other-friendly theologies and actions, and discourage the other-hostile theologies and actions?
A systems genomics approach uncovers molecular associates of RSV severity

Globally, RSV infection results in millions of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths each year. Specific factors that contribute to disease severity, such as premature birth and certain comorbidities, are well established. Additionally, genetic variants resulting in alterations in the adaptive and innate immune response appear to be associated with RSV severity. While previous studies focused on a single aspect of the disease, we jointly modeled the association of disparate data modalities with RSV severity. To investigate the host response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants, we performed a systems-level study of RSV pathophysiology, incorporating high-throughput measurements of the peripheral innate and adaptive immune systems and the airway epithelium and microbiota. Specifically, we developed and employed a novel multi-omic data integration method based on multilayered principal component analysis, penalized regression, and feature weight back-propagation. Our novel approach enabled us to identify cell type specific and shared cellular pathways associated with RSV severity. Of particular interest was the association between RSV severity, activation of pathways controlling Th17 and acute phase response signaling, and inhibition of B cell receptor signaling, which were present in both airway and immune cells. These data identify specific aspects of dysregulation between the humoral and mucosal response to RSV that may play a critical role in determining illness severity.
Amino acids-Rab1A-mTORC1 signaling controls whole-body glucose homeostasis

Summary Rab1A is a small GTPase known for its role in vesicular trafficking. Recent evidence indicates that Rab1A is essential for amino acids (aas) sensing and signaling to regulate mTORC1 in normal and cancer cells. However, Rab1A’s in vivo function in mammals is not known. Here, we report the generation of tamoxifen (TAM)-induced whole body Rab1A knockout (Rab1A−/−) in adult mice. Rab1A−/− mice are viable but become hyperglycemic and glucose intolerant due to impaired insulin transcription and β-cell proliferation and maintenance. Mechanistically, Rab1A mediates AA-mTORC1 signaling, particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAA), to regulate the stability and localization of the insulin transcription factor Pdx1. Collectively, these results reveal a physiological role of aa-Rab1A-mTORC1 signaling in the control of whole-body glucose homeostasis in mammals. Intriguingly, Rab1A expression is reduced in β-cells of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, which is correlated with loss of insulin expression, suggesting that Rab1A downregulation contributes to T2D progression.
In vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of dioecious Morus alba (Moraceae) extracts

Background: Diabetes mellitus, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is a serious metabolic disorder affecting large populations worldwide. Mulberry food and supplement products known for their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties are commonly used in Asian and other countries. Objectives: The present study investigated for the first time the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of dioecious (male and female) mulberry (Morus alba, Moraceae) extracts from leaf and stem tissues collected in two different seasons. Materials and Methods: In vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase, polyphenol content analyses, and free radical scavenging activities were performed. Results: All extracts showed higher inhibition of α-glucosidase than α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner. Fall female stem, fall male stem, and fall female leaf extracts exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Fall male and fall female leaf extracts showed the highest ferric reducing activity. 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were more potent for all extracts compared to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities. The highest DPPH and NO radical scavenging activities were induced by fall male leaf extracts. Spring extracts contained more phenolics and fall extracts more proanthocyanidins. Correlations between IC50 values of extracts used in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities and polyphenol chemical classes were both positive and negative. In general, male extracts were more potent in their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities than female extracts. Conclusion: Overall, results showed that growing season, sex and organ of mulberry trees influence antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of extracts, knowledge that could be used in formulating effective dietary supplements for treating diabetes, and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Hybrid radical-polar pathway for excision of ethylene from 2-oxoglutarate by an iron oxygenase

Microbial ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) converts the C3-C4 fragment of the ubiquitous primary metabolite, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG), to its namesake alkene product. This reaction is very different from the simple decarboxylation of 2OG to succinate promoted by related enzymes and has inspired disparate mechanistic hypotheses. We show that EFE produces stereochemically random (equal cis and trans) 1,2-[2H2]-ethylene from (3S,4R)-[2H2]-2OG, appends an oxygen from O2 upon the C1-derived (bi)carbonate, and can be diverted to ω-hydroxylated monoacid products by modifications to 2OG or the enzyme. These results implicate an unusual radical-polar hybrid mechanism involving iron(II)-coordinated acylperoxycarbonate and alkylcarbonate intermediates. The mechanism explains how EFE accesses a high-energy carboxyl radical to initiate its fragmentation cascade, and it hints at new capabilities of 2OG-dependent enzymes that may await discovery and exploitation.
Revisiting Old Players in the Revitalized Field of Cardiovascular Gene Therapy.

Since its inception [(1)][1], clinical gene therapy has progressed substantially albeit slowly. The recent development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has galvanized the field of gene therapy. These vectors have important characteristics that make them safe and efficacious in various disease
Resolvent and Heat Kernels for Operators of Schrödinger Type with Applications to Spectral Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the properties of kernels and related problems of spectral theory for elliptic operators and certain of their singular perturbations. The chapter presents typical problems—namely, construction of kernels, estimates of kernels, and asymptotic expansions of kernels in terms of parameters. The chapter proves that, in some cases, the resolvent R ζ (x,y) and other related kernels admit radial convolution-type bound. The chapter also discusses asymptotic of spectral function and studies spectral function of a self-adjoint Scrodinger-type operator.
Detecting and escaping infinite loops with jolt

Infinite loops can make applications unresponsive. Potential problems include lost work or output, denied access to application functionality, and a lack of responses to urgent events. We present Jolt, a novel system for dynamically detecting and escaping infinite loops. At the user's request, Jolt attaches to an application to monitor its progress. Specifically, Jolt records the program state at the start of each loop iteration. If two consecutive loop iterations produce the same state, Jolt reports to the user that the application is in an infinite loop. At the user's option, Jolt can then transfer control to a statement following the loop, thereby allowing the application to escape the infinite loop and ideally continue its productive execution. The immediate goal is to enable the application to execute long enough to save any pending work, finish any in-progress computations, or respond to any urgent events.We evaluated Jolt by applying it to detect and escape eight infinite loops in five benchmark applications. Jolt was able to detect seven of the eight infinite loops (the eighth changes the state on every iteration). We also evaluated the effect of escaping an infinite loop as an alternative to terminating the application. In all of our benchmark applications, escaping an infinite loop produced a more useful output than terminating the application. Finally, we evaluated how well escaping from an infinite loop approximated the correction that the developers later made to the application. For two out of our eight loops, escaping the infinite loop produced the same output as the corrected version of the application.
Reconstructing line drawings from wings: the polygonal case

Object wings are 2 1/2-D primitives encoding fragments of object boundary and the adjacent surfaces. The adequacy of wing representation for polygonal scenes is demonstrated in the sense that if a wing representation has been derived from the image of polygons, the spatial structure of the view can be uniquely recovered. In other words, it is possible to reconstruct all visible parts of the scene based on the given wing representation-all visible vertices the equations of all visible faces, and the completely labeled line drawing of the scene. It is shown that not only can most origami and polyhedral objects be handled but also that many views considered 'accidental' by other researchers can be handled as well. >
The disposition of p-nitroanisole by the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: II. Biotransformation and bioconcentration

Abstract Biotransformation and bioconcentration of p -nitroanisole (PNA) in sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus , was studied using short-term exposures in static and dynamic, flowing water, studies and under steady-state conditions. The metabolic pathway was characterized by reduction of the nitro group with subsequent acetylation of the formed p -anisidine. The extent of metabolism was less than 2.5% of the excreted material, total excretion 73 ± 11%. The metabolism varied with season, corresponding to the reproductive cycle, and with length of time held in the laboratory. The PNA had a relative weight of distribution (anagolous to volume of distribution) of 1.73 ± 0.95 and the gonads acted as the storage site. The bioconcentration factor for PNA was 6.1 ± 4.7 and had a range of 1.9–25.9. The bioconcentration factor also varied with the reproductive cycle of the sea urchin. The sea urchin demonstrated a decreased excretion of PNA with an increase in metabolism which implies that long-term exposure to PNA could be potentially harmful. These studies along with the kinetics demonstrated the usefulness of our testing protocol to distinguish the differences in the disposition of PNA in the sea urchin under different physiological states.
Stevens in the 1930s

An overview of Wallace Stevens' poetic response to radical poets and ideas in the American 1930s.
Relative incidence of Alteromonas putrefaciens and Pseudomonas putrefaciens in ground beef.

Of 65 H2S-producing isolates from seven samples of ground beef, 64 were found to be Alteromonas putrefaciens. Isolates of Pseudomonas putrefaciens were not encountered. The mean guanine-plus-cytosine content of DNAs from 10 of the representative isolates, obtained from thermal denaturation determinations, was 46.5 ± 1.0 mol%, which is consistent with the designation A. putrefaciens.
Characterization of magnetic nanostructures using synchrotron based techniques

In this paper, a brief overview of the latest developments in synchrotron techniques and their application to magnetic nanostructures will be given. Selected examples will be used to illustrate the use of these techniques for magnetic nanostructures.
Teaching Critical Literacy Using Cultural and Political Vignettes

One way to engage students with critical, content-area literacy in secondary classrooms is by asking them to respond to what the author terms Cultural and Political Vignettes or CPVs. CPVs are cultural and/or political problems that are presented to respondents so that they can practice critical thinking and decision-making skills that they will need in both their classrooms and larger communities of practice. CPVs deal with cultural and political issues, but also with content-specific knowledge and critical problem solving. They are designed to ask respondents to reflect upon and question the values, biases, stereotypes, relationships, decision making processes, funds of knowledge and actions of both themselves and others. This article explores the use of CPVs as a pedagogical strategy to promote critical literacy in secondary classrooms. It provides examples from several content areas and discusses how and why CPVs help to engage students in critical literacy, particularly when the CPVs are in the form of situated performances.
Crystal symmetry of deoxyribonucleic acid. On the validity of the use of intensity statistics on limited numbers of data.

Abstract The statistical distribution of the intensities has been calculated for various crystal structures. The results show that when limited data at low resolution are used, the N(z) test may give the wrong answer with respect to both the presence and the absence of centers of symmetry. It follows that this test should not be used to prove the presence of the Watson-Crick pairing in DNA if the observed data used extend only to about 3 A.
Dr. Kearsley et al. Reply

Dr. Palmeri acknowledges that the day-care experience described its our article was "qualitatively comparable" and "a good surrogate" for that of the home-reared child. He agrees that infant day care "...did not interfere with the maturation and emergence of that important developmental landmark, separation anxiety and protest." He recognizes, as do we, that thought and feeling are interwoven. He expresses concern that the comments offered in our paper "may induce pediatricians to take infant day care lightly...."
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND TERATOGENIC ACTION OF 2-(HEXAHYDROPHTHALIMIDO) GLUTARIMIDE AND 2-PHTHALIMIDO-N-METHYLGLUTARIMIDE.

Abstract The mechanism of action by which thalidomide exerts its teratogenic effects is still unknown. One of several possible approaches to the problem is to study the activity of compounds related to the structure of thalidomide. Misiti et al. (1) reported that d,1–3-phthalimidoglutarimide and N-phthalyl-d,1-aspartimide were teratogenic for the chick embryo and increased the incidence of fetal resorptions in rats. Simple substituted phthalimides, like N-butyl phthalimide, also increased fetal resorptions in rats (2). Since one of us (H.M.W.) has synthesized several thalidomide analogs, it was of interest to study some pharmacological properties and the teratogenic potential of two compounds which were available in sufficient quantities, namely 2-[hexahydrophthalimido] glutarimide (WU-320), m.p. 180–180.5°, and 2-phthalimido-N-methyl glutarimide (WU-313), m.p. 158.5–159°.
Inferring paleotemperature from the D/H ratio of lacustrine organic matter

Abstract Linking the D/H (δD) records of the kerogen from bulk organic matter in lake sediments to known temperature–δD of precipitation relationships may offer new possibilities in paleoclimate studies. Here, we examine the hydrogen isotope ratio obtained from a radiocarbon-dated lake core from Wisconsin situated in the Midwestern part of the United States, to infer paleo-surface temperatures. Paleotemperatures were estimated by converting the δD values of the organic fraction to the δD values of the lake water and by implication to that of local precipitation. The temperature estimates show that the middle Holocene from 7000 to 5000 years before present (BP) was warmer by about 3 °C, in general agreement with speleothem data from the Midwestern United States. Our study shows the usefulness of the D/H rations of kerogen from bulk sediment as a climate proxy that can compliment compound specific hydrogen isotope studies.
Metallic part fabrication using selective inhibition sintering (SIS)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fundamentals of the selective inhibition sintering (SIS) process for fabricating dense metallic parts.Design/methodology/approach – A SIS‐Metal process based on the microscopic mechanical inhibition is developed. In the process, salt solution is printed in the selected area of each powder layer; the salt re‐crystallizes when water evaporates; salt crystals decompose and grow rapidly prior to sintering; the generated salt particles spread between metal powder particles and prevent the fusing of these particles together, hence inhibiting the sintering process in the affected regions.Findings – The SIS‐Metal process has numerous advantages. An inhibition of sintering mechanism is established for the future development of the technology. Through chemical and visual analysis using STM the mechanism for the inhibition phenomenon has been identified.Research limitations/implications – Only bronze powder has been used in the research. Accordingly, the inhi...
Consumer Acceptance of Mayhaw (Crataegus opaca Hook, and Arn.) Juice Blended with Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Juice

Abstract Fruit juices are among the top 10 products occupying grocery store shelf space. They are also one of the top five consumption patterns of fruits and vegetables. There is a strong potential for growth in blended juices and juice-based beverages. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential for mayhaw and muscadine juices to compete in this growing market. Mayhaws and muscadines are well utilized in jams, jellies, and syrups. Five juice-blend ratios were tested for juice quality, juice-blend compatibility, and consumer preference. Pasteurized samples of mayhaw and muscadine juice were blended 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50. Juice was ambient temperature when tested. Color, percent soluble solids, and sugar/acid ratio were evaluated. Juice blends of 70, and 60% muscadine received the lowest color preference values among panelists. Forty to seventy percent mayhaw juice received the highest color preference scores. A blend of 60/40 muscadine/mayhaw was most preferred among panelists for overall taste. Whe...
Evidence concerning the identity of secondary particles in post-acceleration detectors

On decrit quelques experiences sur les effets des champs electriques et magnetiques sur les particules secondaires produites par les ions d'echantillons
Characterization of Large Fullerenes in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Production by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

Samples from nanotubes produced by various methods are analyzed by laser desorption-ionization ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-IM-TOF-MS). The measurements find mostly positive f...
I Spy with My Little Eye: Jurors’ Detection of Internal Validity Threats in Expert Evidence

This experiment examined whether jury-eligible community members (N = 223) were able to detect internally invalid psychological science presented at trial. Participants read a simulated child sexual abuse case in which the defense expert described a study he had conducted on witness memory and suggestibility. We varied the study's internal validity (valid, missing control group, confound, and experimenter bias) and publication status (published, unpublished). Expert evidence quality ratings were higher for the valid versus missing control group version only. Publication increased ratings of defendant guilt when the study was missing a control group. Variations in internal validity did not influence perceptions of child victim credibility or police interview quality. Participants' limited detection of internal validity threats underscores the need to examine the effectiveness of traditional legal safeguards against junk science in court and improve the scientific reasoning ability of lay people and legal professionals.
Numerical study on smoke movement driven by pure helium in atria

Abstract The hot smoke test is often used for commissioning fire smoke management system in atrium buildings, in which liquid fuel is burnt to generate a buoyant plume mixed with artificial tracer smoke to model a fire smoke. The method is usually costly and often causes safety concerns. This paper studied an alternative method of using a cold smoke test, in which pure helium is used to create the buoyant plume. A method was developed to determine the supply rate of pure helium necessary to achieve the same buoyancy effect as that of the corresponding hot smoke test. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the helium smoke tests were conducted and compared to the measured hot smoke tests in a full-scale naturally ventilated atrium and a sub-scale atrium with mechanical ventilation. A new method was added in the CFD model to track the smoke layer height for the simulations of helium smoke based on the concentrations of smoke and helium. It is found that the predicted smoke layer heights based on the mass fractions of the tracer smoke are generally close to the measured ones in the hot smoke tests of different heat release rates. A non-dimensional temperature in the hot smoke test is also found closely related to the dimensionless helium concentrations in the helium smoke test for the atria modeled. Although the consumption of pure helium for a full-scale helium smoke test can be very high, it is promising to use the pure helium smoke test in the lab-scale experiments as the preliminary tests of full-scale and/or lab-scale testing of real fires.
Estimating fractional snow cover from MODIS using the normalized difference snow index

Abstract Snow-cover information is important for a wide variety of scientific studies, water supply and management applications. The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides improved capabilities to observe snow cover from space and has been successfully using a normalized difference snow index (NDSI), along with threshold tests, to provide global, automated binary maps of snow cover. The NDSI is a spectral band ratio that takes advantage of the spectral differences of snow in short-wave infrared and visible MODIS spectral bands to identify snow versus other features in a scene. This study has evaluated whether there is a “signal” in the NDSI that could be used to estimate the fraction of snow within a 500 m MODIS pixel and thereby enhance the use of the NDSI approach in monitoring snow cover. Using Landsat 30-m observations as “ground truth,” the percentage of snow cover was calculated for 500-m cells. Then a regression relationship between 500-m NDSI observations and fractional snow cover was developed over three different snow-covered regions and tested over other areas. The overall results indicate that the relationship between fractional snow cover and NDSI is reasonably robust when applied locally and over large areas like North America. The relationship offers advantages relative to other published fractional snow cover algorithms developed for global-scale use with MODIS. This study indicates that the fraction of snow cover within a MODIS pixel using this approach can be provided with a mean absolute error less than 0.1 over the range from 0.0 to 1.0 in fractional snow cover.
Geometric frustration: Magic moments.

When magnetic moments that prefer anti-alignment reside on a triangular crystal lattice, there is no simple pattern that satisfies all of the bonds.
Hydrogen quality for fuel cell vehicles - a modeling study of the sensitivity of impurity content in hydrogen to the process variables in the SMR-PSA pathway.

Abstract As fuel cell vehicles approach wide-scale deployment, the issue of the quality of hydrogen dispensed to the vehicles has become increasingly important. The various factors that must be considered include the effects of different contaminants on fuel cell performance and durability, the production and purification of hydrogen to meet fuel quality guidelines, and the associated costs of providing hydrogen of that quality to the fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, we describe the development of a model to track the formation and removal of several contaminants over the various steps of hydrogen production by steam-methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas, followed by purification by pressure-swing adsorption (PSA). We have used the model to evaluate the effects of setting varying levels of these contaminants in the product hydrogen on the production/purification efficiency, hydrogen recovery, and the cost of the hydrogen. The model can be used to track contaminants such as CO 2 , CO, N 2 , CH 4 , and H 2 S in the process. The results indicate that a suggested specification of 0.2 ppm CO would limit the maximum hydrogen recovery from the PSA under typical design and operating conditions. The steam-to-carbon ratio and the process pressure are found to have a significant impact on the process efficiency. Varying the CO specification from 0.1 to 1 ppm is not expected to affect the cost of hydrogen significantly, although the cost of gas analysis to comply with such stringent requirements may add 2–10 cents/kg to the cost of hydrogen.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Dietary Quality Among US Adults: Findings From a Nationally Representative Survey

Abstract Objective To examine the association of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and diet quality among low-income adults. Patients and Methods We examined US nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010. The data were analyzed from October 7, 2013, to March 1, 2014. The analytic sample consisted of 4211 low-income adults aged 20 to 64 years, of whom 1830 participate in SNAP. We adhered to the National Cancer Institute method in calculating the Healthy Eating Index 2010 and other dietary indicators, such as empty calorie intake. Bivariate and multivariable regression was used to compare SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants among the full sample and subsamples of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and food insecurity. Results Compared with low-income nonparticipants, adjusted analyses reveal that SNAP participants had lower dietary quality scores overall (42.58 vs 44.36, P ≤.0001) and lower scores for fruits and vegetables, seafood and plant proteins (1.55 vs 1.77, P ≤.0022), and empty calories (9.03 vs 9.90, P ≤.0001), but they exhibited comparable scores on whole grain, refined grain, total dairy, total protein, fatty acid, and sodium intakes. The association between SNAP participation and lower dietary quality was statistically significant among women, Hispanics, young adults, and individuals who were food secure. Conclusion Our analyses suggest that SNAP participants have lower dietary quality than their income-eligible nonparticipant counterparts. Although SNAP has an important role in providing nutrition assistance to eligible low-income individuals, interventions are warranted to improve the dietary quality of participants.
A topographical study of bonding in the PP and SiP hydrides

Abstract Hydrogen-bridged structures are well known in H 4 Si 2 and H 2 Si 2 systems but none have thus far been reported for molecules with H 2 P 2 , H 3 SiP, and HSiP stoichiometries. We have addressed this issue by using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) approach to find such stable structures. Final geometries were optimized at the CCSD(T)/cc-pvtz level for energies and were used for ELF and AIM analyses based on B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) Kohn–Sham wavefunctions. In the case of HSiP a bridged structure with the hydrogen closer to phosphorus is found to be lower in energy than the linear HSiP molecules by some 10.2 kcal/mol. No other hydrogen bridged structures were encountered.
Numerical modelling of spillway flow with free drop and initially unknown discharge

The difficulties in solving the spillway flow arise not only from the determination of the critical point, which has been used to divide the subcritical and supercritical flows, but also from the fact that either the boundary or the discharge is not known a priori. It is much more difficult to deal with such flow pattern with free drop. In this paper, by using the analytic functional boundary-value theory and the substitution of variables, the nonsingular boundary integral equations in the physical plane are derived. A synchronous iterative method for the discharge and the flow pattern is presented according to the consistency between the discharge and the uniform velocity at far upstream. Flows over different spillway profiles are treated. The discharge, the profiles of the free drop and the pressure distributions on the walls are calculated. The numerical results are in good agreement with the measured ones.
A stopped-flow instrument for reaction-rate measurements with immobilized enzymes

Abstract A stopped-flow instrument that provides direct and continuous monitoring of reactions catalyzed by enzymes immobilized inside open tubes is described. The instrument allows complete reaction progress curves to be obtained during a single experiment. Because the reaction occurs under static conditions, the kinetics are controlled only by diffusion and the inherent enzyme reaction rate. The kinetics constants for lactate dehydrogenase covalently bound inside nylon tubing and in aqueous solution were determined and compared.
Comparative activities and toxicities. II. Sugar and amino acid derivatives of bis-(4-aminophenyl)-sulfone.

The acute toxicities and antibacterial activities of the various sugar derivatives of bis-(4-aminophenyl)-sulfone have been compared with those of several α-amino acid derivatives. For this purpose, it was necessary to synthesize α-amino acid derivatives and to place the reported toxicity values for the sugar derivatives on a standard basis. It was found that the α-amino acid substituents were less effective in reducing the toxicity of bis-(4-aminophenyl)-sulfone than the sugars, but there was a comparable retention of antitubercular activity with both types of derivatives.
Effect of extrusion screw speed on biocomposite thermo-mechanical properties

Thermo-mechanical, optical and physical properties of polypropylene (PP)/lignocellulosic fibre-filled/maleated PP composites were studied as a function of extrusion screw speeds. All materials were extruded at four screw speeds and injection moulded as dogbone specimens. The density, yellowness index (YI) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra were determined for the processed specimens. Tensile properties and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) were also determined. The densities of the composites remained constant within the same composition. YI and absorbances of carbonyl, vinylidene and hydroxyl groups, which are indicators of thermo-oxidation, decreased with a shorter extruder residence time. The CLTE and tensile properties showed peak properties at intermediate screw speeds. The analysis suggested optimising the residence time assisting in achieving a balance of properties.
A pharmacologic investigation of the 'transport response' in the white rat.

Abstract In a series of six experiments, the ability of specific neurotransmitter antagonists to alter the ‘transport response’ was investigated in 19-day-old rat pups. The serotonergic blocker, methysergide, and the cholinergic blocker, scopolamine, did not produce any consistent changes in the intensity of the response. Likewise, the opiate receptor blocker, naloxone, was without effect. Large, dose-dependent decreases in transport response intensity were seen with administration of the beta-noradrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, and with administration of the dopaminergic blocker, haloperidol. The alphanoradrenergic receptor blocker, phentolamine, produced inconsistent changes in the response. These results indicate a central catecholaminergic involvement in the transport response.
The use of radiotherapy for patients with isolated elevation of serum prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy

AbstractPurpose: An analysis was performed to assess the outcome of patients who received radiotherapy for isolated elevation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels following radical retropubic prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients were initially treated for localized prostate cancer with radical retropubic prostatectomy following negative pelvic lymphadenectomy. These patients had detectable serum PSA 6 or more months postoperatively. No patient had other clinical evidence of recurrent disease as determined by history, physical examination, bone scan, computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, chest radiographs, complete blood cell counts and serum chemistry profiles. The patients received prostate bed irradiation using 10 MV. x-rays and a 4-field approach. Doses ranged from 60.0 to 67.0 Gy. in 1.8 to 2.0 Gy. fractions. Freedom from failure after radiotherapy was defined as maintaining a PSA of 0.3 ng./ml. or less without hormonal intervention.Results: In 27 of the 46 p...
RADIOFREQUENCY SYSTEM OF THE BERKELEY 88-INCH CYCLOTRON

The design and performance of a single-dee self-excited radio-frequency system that tunes from 5.5 Mc/s to 16.5 Mc/s are discussed. Self-excited radiofrequency systems are compared with driven systems. The multipactoring phenomenon in variable-frequency systems is analyzed and discussed.
Gliomatosis cerebri angiographically mimicking central nervous system angiitis: case report.

Objective The diagnosis of isolated central nervous system angiitis often requires both cerebral angiography and biopsy for diagnosis. Clinical presentation We present a case of gliomatosis cerebri with demonstrated angiographic changes suggestive of a central nervous system vasculitis. Intervention A 47-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of worsening headache and progressive drowsiness. Magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed confluent nonenhancing T2-weighted hyperintensity involving the frontal white matter bilaterally, hypothalamus, and both thalami. A four-vessel angiogram revealed diffuse arterial beading with stenoses of a right frontal middle cerebral artery branch and the distal posterior cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery branches, bilaterally. The biopsy revealed a Grade 2 fibrillary astrocytoma consistent with gliomatosis cerebri. Conclusion Gliomatosis cerebri can mimic central nervous system vasculitis angiographically. Perivascular infiltration by tumor cells may be responsible for these changes.
A novel uranium-containing coordination polymer: poly­[[aqua­(benzene-1,3,5-tri­carboxyl­ato)­dioxouranium(VI)] monohydrate]

The title compound, {[UO2(C9H4O6)(H2O)]·H2O}n, is a novel material consisting of a [UO2]2+ ion bonded to five O atoms, four of which are from three separate 1,3,5-tri­carboxylic acid mol­ecules, while the fifth is from a coordinated water mol­ecule. This connectivity gives rise to chains running in the [01\overline 1] direction.
Reliability analysis of automotive body-door subsystem

Abstract This paper proposes an efficient method for the reliability analysis of a vehicle body-door subsystem with respect to one of the important quality issues—the door closing energy. The developed method combines optimization-based and simulation-based approaches and is particularly applicable for problems with highly non-linear and implicit limit state functions. The proposed approach consists of two major parts. In the first part, an optimization-based method is used to search for the most probable point (MPP) on the limit state. This is achieved by using an adaptive response surface constructed through an optimal symmetric Latin hypercube design of experiments. In the second part, a multi-modal adaptive importance sampling method is proposed using the MPP information from the first part as the starting point. It is demonstrated through numerical examples that the proposed method is superior to existing methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The proposed method is illustrated for application to the reliability estimation with respect to the door closing energy problem. A generalized framework for reliability estimation is then established for problems with large numbers of random variables and complicated limit states.
Evaluation of risk for late language emergence after in utero antiretroviral drug exposure in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.

Background:Combination antiretroviral (cARV) regimens are recommended for pregnant women with HIV to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Safety is a concern for infants who were HIV-exposed but uninfected, particularly for neurodevelopmental problems, such as language delays.Methods:We studied late
Directions in Implementation Research Methods for Behavioral and Social Science

There is a growing interest, by researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, in evidence-based policy and practice. As a result, more dollars are being invested in program evaluation in order to establish “what works,” and in some cases, funding is specifically tied to those programs found to be effective. However, reproducing positive effects found in research requires more than simply adopting an evidence-based program. Implementation research can provide guidance on which components of an intervention matter most for program impacts and how implementation components can best be implemented. However, while the body of rigorous research on effective practices continues to grow, research on implementation lags behind. To address these issues, the Administration for Children and Families and federal partners convened a roundtable meeting entitled, Improving Implementation Research Methods for Behavioral and Social Science, in the fall of 2010. This special section of the Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research includes papers from the roundtable and highlights the role implementation science can play in shedding light on the difficult task of taking evidence-based practices to scale.
Emotion Regulation Growth Points: Three More to Consider

Breathtaking. That's one of the terms Gross (this issue) uses to describe the breadth and depth of research performed on emotion regulation to date. I couldn't agree more. As the target article dem...
Semantic integration and syntactic planning in language production.

Abstract Five experiments, using a subject–verb agreement error elicitation procedure, investigated syntactic planning processes in production. The experiments examined the influence of semantic integration—the degree to which phrases are tightly linked at the conceptual level—and contrasted two accounts of planning: serial stack-based systems and parallel activation-based systems. Serial stack-based systems rely on memory-shifting processes to coordinate ongoing planning. Memory-shifting should be easier for more integrated phrases, resulting in fewer errors. Parallel, activation-based systems, on the other hand, maintain multiple representations simultaneously in memory. More integrated phrases will be more likely to be processed together, resulting in increased interference and more errors. Participants completed stimuli like The drawing of/with the flower(s) , which varied local noun number ( flower(s) ) and the relationship between the head ( drawing ) and local noun. In some constructions, the nouns were tightly integrated (e.g., of ), whereas in others the relationship was looser (e.g., with , specifying accompaniment). In addition to the well-established local noun mismatch effect (more errors for plural than for singular local nouns), all experiments revealed larger mismatch error effects following tightly integrated stimuli. These results are compatible with parallel activation-based accounts and cannot be explained by serial, memory-shift-based accounts. The experiments and three meta-analyses also ruled out alternative accounts based on plausibility, argumenthood, conceptual number, clause packaging, or hierarchical feature-passing, reinforcing the general finding that error rates increase with degree of semantic integration.
Studies on the human T-lymphocyte population - V. Isolation of T-lymphocyte antigens from human renal failure serum.

Abstract Two T-lymphocyte specific antigens, Ts and Tα2, have been isolated from the serum of a patient with renal failure. An antibody specific for human T-lymphocytes (ATG) was used to follow the isolation of these molecules by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and gel electrophoresis. Ts and Tα2 from serum were identical in size, charge and antigenecity to the corresponding antigens isolated from lymphocyte extracts. Ts, a molecule apparently involved in sheep red cell rosette formation, consisted of two glycoproteins with very similar migration patterns and antigenicity. These molecules had apparent mol. wt of approximately 65,000 (Ts1) and 30,000 (Ts2) and migrated as α1-globulins in serum. Tα2 was a protein of 86,000 mol. wt and migrated as an α2-globulin. Ts was undetectable in normal human sera, while Tα2 was present at a concentration of 50 μg/ml of normal sera. The concentration of both the Ts1 and Ts2 antigens was increased in the serum of patients with renal failure.
Searching for an IT model with columnar organization

Abstract The inferotemporal visual cortex (IT) is at the top of the ‘what’ stream. Cells in IT are known to respond to complex features and have a columnar organization; nearby columns prefer stimuli with similar features (Neurosci. Res. 32 (1998) 33). This research demonstrates that a hill-climbing search strategy can discover a model of IT that exhibits columnar organization, assuming that the patterns do not overlap significantly. This is a first step towards a more complete model of IT. Following others who have used search techniques to adjust neurocomputational model parameters successfully (Prog. Neurobiol. 61 (2000) 557), this work further demonstrates the benefit of search methods in computational neuroscience.
Modeling Conditional Distributions for Functional Responses, With Application to Traffic Monitoring via GPS-Enabled Mobile Phones

Motivated by problems involving a traffic monitoring system in which trajectory data are obtained from Global Positioning System-enabled mobile phones, we propose a novel approach to functional regression modeling, where instead of the usual mean regression the entire distribution of functional responses is modeled conditionally on predictors. An approach that sensibly balances flexibility and stability is obtained by assuming that the response functions are drawn from a Gaussian process, the mean and covariance function of which depend on predictors. The dependence of the mean function and covariance function of the response on the predictors is modeled additively. We demonstrate the proposed methods by constructing predicted curves and corresponding prediction regions for traffic velocity trajectories for a future time period, using current traffic velocity fields as predictor functions. The proposed functional regression and conditional distribution approach is of general interest for functional respon...
A marattialean fern from the Triassic of Antarctica

Abstract The marattialean fern Scolecopteris antarctica sp. nov. is described from early Middle Triassic silicified peat collected in Antarctica. The synangia are radial and borne on pecopterid-type pinnules; spores appear to be alete. This is the first report of the genus in Mesozoic sediments and suggests that modern marattialeans may not have been related to the Paleozoic forms.
Childhood adversities and subsequent risk of one or multiple abortions.

Abstract Although many studies have found an association between childhood adversities and mental health disorders, few have examined whether childhood adversities are linked to having abortions. This research investigates the association between a range of childhood adversities and risk of abortion in part to identify which adversities should be considered when examining the association between abortion and subsequent mental health. Using the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), we tested the association between 10 childhood adversities and risk of 0, 1, or multiple abortions among 1511 women ages 18–41. We employed multinomial logistic regression to examine the independent association between each childhood adversity and number of subsequent abortions, controlling for sociodemographic factors, total number of pregnancies, and each adversity. Women who had experienced two or more personal safety threats, one parental mental illness, or two or more parental mental illnesses while growing up were more likely subsequently to have multiple versus no abortions [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 9.87, 95% CI: 2.45–39.72; OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.27–6.21; RRR = 5.28, 95% CI: 1.60–17.38, respectively], and multiple versus one abortion [RRR = 13.33, 95% CI: 2.48–71.68; RRR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.03–4.56; RRR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.15–11.76, respectively]. Women who had experienced childhood physical abuse were more likely to have one compared to no abortions [RRR = 2.00; 1.19–3.34]. These results suggest that some childhood adversities may partially explain the association between abortion and mental health. Accordingly, they should be considered in future research examining the link between abortion and mental health.
Stereochemical control of H2O2 dismutation by Hangman porphyrins

Incorporation of a disparate set of aryl groups appended to the meso-positions of Hangman porphyrin xanthene architectures dramatically impacts the ability of such systems to catalyze the disproportionation of H2O2via the catalase reaction.
Yiddish endangerment as phenomenological reality and discursive strategy: Crossing into the past and crossing out the present

Abstract Yiddish has been spoken by millions of Ashkenazic Jews since approximately 1000 C.E. Over the past two centuries, the number of Yiddish speakers within secular Jewish “metalinguistic communities” has diminished while numbers in Hasidic Orthodox communities have been growing. Yiddish is therefore unique in the “endangered language” landscape, challenging prevalent classifications used to describe levels of language vitality. This article analyzes Yiddish “endangerment” as a phenomenological reality and a discursive strategy. Metalinguistic community members engage in ‘nostalgia socialization’, crossing temporal boundaries to connect with authorizing sources of past European Jewish communities; they create alliances with an imagined past while maintaining boundaries with a distant present. Yiddish therefore illuminates how languages are constructed through communities' experiences of loss, fragmentation, and recreation.