cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-Engraftment Syndrome (PES) Is Frequent in Double Unit Cord Blood Transplantation (dCBT) Recipients and Is Potentiated By the Addition of Haplo-Identical CD34+ Cells

Introduction PES is common after dCBT. Manifestations have been described but severity & risk factors are not fully established. Methods We analyzed the incidence, manifestations, severity & risk factors of PES in adult dCBT recipients transplanted 8/2012-12/2017 for hematologic malignancies/ severe aplastic anemia with Cy 50/ Flu 150/ Thio 5-10/ TBI 400 & CSA/ MMF. Standard PES therapy was IV methylprednisolone (IV MP) 1 mg/kg/day x 3 days. Results 133 1st allograft dCBT recipients (median 49 years, range 21-65) were analyzed. Patients (pts) most commonly had acute leukemia (n = 98, 74%). The median TNC cell doses were 2.4 × 107/kg/unit (range 1.2-6.0). The median unit-recipient HLA-match was 5/8 (range 3-7); the median unit-unit HLA-match was 4/8 (range 0-8). 71 (53%) pts also received haploidentical CD34+ cells. 96% of pts engrafted with CB. Overall, 98 pts developed non-infectious sustained fevers ≥ 38.5°C consistent with PES for a cumulative incidence of 74% (95%CI: 65-80) by 21 days post-dCBT (Table). The median onset was 10 days (range 6-21) post-dCBT with a median temperature at onset of 38.9°C degrees (range 38-39.8). Nearly all (94, 95%) of PES pts required IV MP therapy. PES associated rash within the 1st 72 hrs only occurred in a minority of pts (incidence 24%; 95%CI: 17-32). Weight gain > 5% from the baseline 24 hrs prior to PES onset (incidence 18%; 95%CI: 12-25) was correlated with the development of hypoxia requiring oxygen (incidence 20%; 95%CI: 14-28). Incidence of PES associated renal impairment (gr 2-3 AKI) was low overall at 2% (95%CI: 0-8). No pt had hypotension. Concurrent bacteremias were treated in 2 pts but clinical manifestations/ therapy response was consistent with PES. Median time to MP therapy was 1 day (range 0-12). Therapy response was rapid (median 1 day, range 1-9). The median MP duration was 3 days (range 3-14). 7/94 (7%) PES pts [7/133, 5% of entire cohort) required ICU care; this correlated with delayed therapy [median MP start 4 days (range 0-5)]. 30 (32%) pts required a 2nd MP course. Addition of haploidentical cells was associated with a higher PES incidence & severity as measured by weight gain & hypoxia (Table). There was no association with age, disease (acute leukemia vs other), dominant unit-recipient or unit-unit HLA-match or total TNC infused dose (split at median). Conclusions PES is common after dCBT. It should be promptly treated with IV MP without waiting for results of infectious work-up as delay can be associated with severe capillary leak syndrome & multi-organ failure. The worse manifestations in haplo-dCBT recipients supports PES being mediated by GVG/ GVH reactions & an associated cytokine storm. This is highly relevant to CBT platforms that involve infusion of multiple donors including 3rd-party products. We are now investigating day -1 tocilizumab 8 mg/kg in dCBT recipients with the aim to abrogate PES & acute GVHD (Politikos et al, ASBMT 2019).
Waste Management Accountability: Risk, Reliability, and Resilience

Abstract Risk, in several of its connotations, is used as a measure of success or failure in waste management. This chapter explores the relationship between risk reduction and reliability of the systems used to handle wastes. These systems must be effective under widely varying conditions, so they must also be resilient.
Islamic Strangers: The Effects of Religious Beliefs and Network Closure on Muslim Identity in the United States

Using nationally representative survey data from the 2011 Pew Muslim American Survey, this study investigates how the combined effects of religiosity, personal networks, and attitudes toward Americ...
Improving Performance of the SMD Solvation Model: Bondi Radii Improve Predicted Aqueous Solvation Free Energies of Ions and pKa Values of Thiols

Calculation of the solvation free energy of ionic molecules is the principal source of errors in the quantum chemical evaluation of pKa values using implicit polarizable continuum solvent models. O...
Social Justice and Students with Intellectual Disability: Inclusive Higher Education Practices

University lecturers hold the power to act in socially just or unjust ways that define who belongs at university. In this chapter, Bonati creates an awareness of how people with intellectual disability are excluded from universities, and how professors and lecturers can transform their teaching practices to welcome all students with diverse abilities and backgrounds. The chapter examines how students with intellectual disability challenge perceptions of the ‘ideal’ university student and prompts readers to reflect on their biases and teaching practices. It concludes with recommendations for removing unnecessary barriers in the learning environment by incorporating inclusive pedagogy in order to support students with intellectual disability to be among the diverse spectrum of learners within the university community.
Intrapulmonary Sequestration: A Rare Occurrence.

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare occurrence. Here, we present a case of a 45-year-old female who, on CT scan of the chest, was found to have a left lower lobe consolidation. Despite antibiotic treatment, the consolidation remained persistent. On repeat imaging with CT scan with contrast, it was found that the consolidation was pulmonary sequestration. The patient was referred to cardiothoracic surgery to remove pulmonary sequestration through video-associated thoracoscopic surgery.
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF STREAM-BASED JOIN

Continuous queries over data streams have gained popularity as the breadth of possible applications, ranging from network monitoring to online pattern discovery, have increased. Joining of streams is a fundamental issue that must be resolved to enable complex queries over multiple streams. However, as streams can represent potentially infinite data, it is infeasible to have full join evaluations as is the case with traditional databases. Joins in a stream environment are thus evaluated not over entire streams, but on specific windows defined on the streams. In this paper, we present windowed implementations of the traditional nested loops and hash join algorithms. In our work we analytically and experimentally evaluate the performance of these algorithms for different parameters. We find that, in general, a hash join provides better performance. We also investigate invalidation strategies to remove stale data from the window buffers, and propose an optimal strategy that balances processing time versus buffer size.
Lingering Impairments in Postural Control Despite Clinical Concussion Recovery (S27.001)

OBJECTIVE: Investigate lingering impairments in instrumented postural control at the time of clinically defined concussion recovery. BACKGROUND: The 4th Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport (4th CIS) suggests 85-90[percnt] of concussions recover within 7-10 days when utilizing a clinical assessment battery including the Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Computerized Neuropsychological Tests (CNT), and self-reported symptoms. Instrumented measures of postural control have identified persistent differences at least one month post-concussion; however, clinical measures are often not addressed. DESIGN/METHODS: The 31 participants (Female: 19, Age: 19.2+1.1 years old, Height: 1.74+0.14m, Weight: 78.4+25.5kg) completed baseline testing and were retested on the day they passed SAC, BESS, CNT, and were symptom free. Participants completed five trials of gait initiation (GI) and kinetic data was collected at 1,000 Hz from 4 adjacent forceplates. The center of pressure (COP) displacement during the anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) phrase was measured in the posterior and lateral directions and compared to baseline values. RESULTS: Participants achieved baseline values on SAC: 2.4+1.8, BESS: 2.9+2.8, CNT: 5.9+3.2, and symptom free 5.2+3.3 days post-concussion. There was a significant main effect for both APA directions (P<0.001). The posterior APA was significantly greater at baseline (5.6+1.7cm,) than the day SAC (3.1+1.5cm, P<0.001), BESS (2.8+1.8cm, P<0.001), CNT (3.8+1.9cm, P=0.001), or symptom (3.5+1.9cm, P<0.001) achieved baseline values. The lateral APA was significantly greater at baseline (5.6+2.1cm) then the day SAC (3.2+1.4cm, P<0.001) and BESS (3.2+1.9cm, P<0.001), but not on CNT (4.7+2.6cm, P=0.422) or symptom (5.3+2.0cm, P=0.976) achieved baseline values CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lingering impairments in postural control persisted despite symptom resolution and the individuals achieving baseline values on traditional clinical assessments. Thus, the clinical assessment protocols recommended by the 4th CIS may not be sensitive to identifying concussion recovery and more conservative measures should be considered. Study Supported by: NIH/NINDS 1R15NS070744 Disclosure: Dr. Buckley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Evans has nothing to disclose. Dr. Munkasy has nothing to disclose.
MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY OF NOREPINEPHRINE AND SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS

Cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive norepinephrine and serotonin transporters (NETs and SERTs) are closely related members of the Na+/Cl- transporter gene family, whose other members include transporters for inhibitory amino acid transmitters, neuromodulators, osmolytes and nutrients. Availability of cloned NET and SERT cDNAs has permitted rapid progress in the definition of cellular sites of gene expression, the generation of transporter-specific antibodies suitable for biosynthetic and localization studies, the examination of structure-function relationships in heterologous expression systems and a biophysical analysis of transporter function. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies indicate a primary expression of NET and SERT genes in brain by noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, respectively. Both NET and SERT are synthesized as glycoproteins, with multiple glycosylation states apparent for SERT proteins in the brain and periphery. N-glycosylation of NET and SERT appears to be essential for transporter assembly and surface expression, but not for antagonist binding affinity. Homology cloning efforts have revealed novel NET and SERT homologs in nonmammalian species that are of potential value in the delineation of the precise sites for substrate and antagonist recognition, including a Drosophila melanogaster SERT with NET-like pharmacology. Electrophysiological recording of human NETs and SERTs stably expressed in HEK-293 cells reveals that both transporters move charge across the plasma membrane following the addition of substrates; these currents can be blocked by NET-and SERT-selective antagonists as well as by cocaine.
A Survey of Datamining Methods for Sensor Network Bug Diagnosis

This chapter surveys recent debugging tools for sensor networks that are inspired by data mining algorithms. These tools are motivated by the increased complexity and scale of sensor network applications, making it harder to identify root causes of system problems. At a high level, debugging solutions in the domain of sensor networks can be classified according to their goal into two distinct categories; (i) solutions that attempt to localize errors to a single node, component, or code snippet, and (ii) solutions that attempt to identify a global pattern that causes misbehavior to occur. The first category inherits the usual wisdom that problems are often localized. It is unlikely for independent failures to coinside. Hence, while many different trouble symptoms may occur simultaneously, they typically arise from a single misbehaving component such as a failed radio or a crashed node that may, in turn, trigger a cascade of other problems. In contrast, the second category of solutions is motivated by interactive complexity problems. They seek to uncover bugs in networked sensing systems that arise due to unexpected interactions between components. The underlying assumption is that individual components are easier to test, which ensures that they work well in isolation. Therefore, practical software systems seldom fail due to a single poorly-coded component. Rather, they fail due to an unexpected interaction pattern between individually well-behaved components.
Dependency parsing for information retrieval

This paper describes the development of a parser based on the Moulton and Robinson (1981) dependency theory of syntax, and several strategies by which we are attempting to apply the outputs of this parser to the processes of Information Retrieval. We first discuss the limits of present Information Retrieval theory and the potential benefits of linguistic analysis for Information Retrieval. Next we briefly present the Moulton and Robinson theory, contrast it to rewrite rule based theories, and outline its general advantages as an approach to natural language processing. Next we describe the parser we have implemented based on the Moulton and Robinson theory, and some of the implementation issues we have addressed. Finally, we discuss several strategies by which this parser could be applied to Information Retrieval, and the problems involved in this application.
Pathways and Barriers to Care for LGBT Veterans in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

To assess the perceived needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Veterans when they engage in counseling services through the Veterans’ Health Administration (VHA), psychologists working in VHA were reached through an online survey as well as an open-ended question that asked psychologists to offer their thoughts about the needs of LGBT Veterans in VHA and current VHA resources. Their answers were content analyzed to determine what lessons can be learned from their experiences with LGBT Veterans in the VHA system. Four major themes emerged: Concern about the current culture of the medical facilities as a whole (Veterans, staff, environment), concern for the safeguarding of privacy and dignity of clients through the electronic medical record when writing counseling progress notes, need for training of counselors, and need for resources for counselors and Veterans.
Regulation of Digital Businesses with Natural Monopolies or Third-Party Payment Business Models: Antitrust Lessons from the Analysis of Google

Some digital business models may be so innovative that they overwhelm existing regulatory mechanisms, both legislation and historical jurisprudence, and require extension to or modification of antitrust law. Regulatory policies that were developed in response to nineteenth-or twentieth-century antitrust concerns dealt principally with economies of scale leading to monopoly power and may not be well suited to the issues of network effects or third-party payer online business models such as sponsored search. From the perspective of information systems economics, we investigate if such third-party payer digital systems require intervention as profound as the government's innovative approach to the problems posed by AT&T in the 1913 Kingsbury Commitment, establishing the first private regulated monopoly. Google provides an example of a company whose innovative digital business model is difficult to fit into current regulatory frameworks, and may provide examples of the issues that might require an extension to regulatory policy.
Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on performance of a lateralized reaction time task in rats.

Rationale The ability to detect unpredictable cues can involve stimulus-elicited orienting of attention (bottom-up processing); however, in many settings, target onset is partially predictable, meaning that subjects can benefit from the rule-guided, endogenous control of attention (top-down processing). Noradrenaline has been implicated in attention per se, but it is not clear whether it differentially participates in these two dimensions of attentional function.
Spin Splitting of an Au(111) Surface State Band Observed with Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

High momentum resolution angle resolved photoemission spectra from the Au(111) $\mathrm{sp}$-derived surface state exhibit a doublet. The separation between the peaks increases linearly with ${k}_{\ensuremath{\Vert}}$, and reaches a maximum of 110 meV at $0.153{\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, when one of the bands crosses the Fermi level. These results are interpreted as spin-split surface state bands, with the spins aligned in the plane of the surface perpendicular to the electronic momentum. The origin of the splitting is spin-orbit coupling, which can break spin degeneracy in systems which lack inversion symmetry.
Particle Sizing Using Far-Field Holography: New Developments

Far-field holography is now a well-developed technique that has been applied to a variety of problems. Thus a significant number of systems have been engineered. Nevertheless, there are still several important questions that have needed further study. Progress has been made in optimizing the resolution, particularly as it relates to particle shape and noise. Preliminary results are also reported on the effect of semitransparent and fully transparent objects.
The replication of adenovirus DNA with purified proteins

This year marks the 30th anniversary of the discovery of adenoviruses and the publication of the structure of the double helix of DNA, with its implications for the mechanism of DNA replication . Although the structure of DNA suggested that its duplication might be simple, the elegant studies on the replication of procaryotic DNA in vitro have shown that the enzymology of DNA replication is complex . Relatively little is known about eucaryotic cell DNA replication, but adenoviruses have proved to be valuable tools for determining how mammalian cells work and may provide valuable insight into some aspects of cell DNA replication as well . A landmark in this endeavor was the development by Challberg and Kelly (PNAS 76, 655-659, 1979) of a soluble, cell free extract capable of initiation of adenovirus DNA replication on exogenous template DNA . Recent characterization of this cell free system has led to the purification of enzymes that replicate adenovirus DNA, as well as the identification of DNA template requirements for initiation of DNA synthesis . These studies have helped to expound the "protein-priming" mechanism for the initiation of DNA synthesis at the replication origin . The human adenoviruses contain a double-strand linear genome of -36,000 bp, which contains a protein of 55,000 daltons (terminal protein, TP) covalently attached via a serine-dCMP phosphodiester bond to each 5' terminus (reviewed by Challberg and Kelly, Ann . Rev . Biochem. 51, 901-934, 1982) . Another feature of the termini of adenovirus DNA is an inverted, repeated sequence ranging from 102 to 162 by in various human adenoviruses . This inverted sequence, which contains the origin of DNA replication, allows DNA synthesis to begin at either end of the molecule . Synthesis then proceeds via type I
Determinants of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Compensatory Wetland Mitigation

Development projects that impact wetlands commonly require compensatory mitigation, usually through creation or restoration of wetlands on or off the project site. Over the last decade, federal support has increased for third-party off-site mitigation methods. At the same time, regulators have lowered the minimum impact size that triggers the requirement for compensatory mitigation. Few studies have examined the aggregate impact of individual wetland mitigation projects. No previous study has compared the choice of mitigation method by regulatory agency or development size. We analyze 1058 locally and federally permitted wetland mitigation transactions in the Chicago region between 1993 and 2004. We show that decreasing mitigation thresholds have had striking effects on the methods and spatial distribution of wetland mitigation. In particular, the observed increase in mitigation bank use is driven largely by the needs of the smallest impacts. Conversely, throughout the time period studied, large developments have rarely used mitigation banking, and have been relatively unaffected by changing regulatory focus and banking industry growth. We surmise that small developments lack the scale economies necessary for feasible permittee responsible mitigation. Finally, we compare the rates at which compensation required by both county and federal regulators is performed across major watershed boundaries. We show that local regulations prohibiting cross-county mitigation lead to higher levels of cross- watershed mitigation than federal regulations without cross-county prohibitions. Our data suggest that local control over wetland mitigation may prioritize administrative boundaries over hydrologic function in the matter of selecting compensation sites.
Tunable all-optical wavelength conversion and wavelength multicasting using orthogonally polarized fiber FWM

All-optical wavelength conversion and multicasting with input and output wavelength tunability is a desired component for reconfigurable wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) networks for improving the efficiency and performance. In this paper, we propose a novel tunable all-optical wavelength-conversion-and-wavelength-multicasting schemes by using orthogonally polarized nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear fiber. The input signal is amplified and serves as one of the two pumps. Wide tunability is obtained by placing a dummy pump and dummy signals at appropriate wavelengths with respect to the input wavelength and desired output wavelengths. For a 10-Gb/s NRZ system, 1:3 multicasting is demonstrated with a less than 0.6-dB power penalty, over a 25-nm tuning range for both input and output signals.
Interaural Attenuation of a Click Stimulus Using Deep and Shallow Placement of an Insert Earphone

The effect of deep versus shallow insertion of the ER-3A insert earphone on interaural attenuation (IA) of a click stimulus was examined. IA values for five subjects with profound unilateral hearing loss were obtained. The results (a mean IA difference of 2 dB between the two insertion depths) indicated that IAs for deep insertion were not significantly different from IAs for shallow insertion. Thus deep insertion of insert earphones to achieve larger IA values was not recommended for click stimuli.
Stereospecificity of Ketoreductase Domains 1 and 2 of the Tylactone Modular Polyketide Synthase

Tylactone synthase (TYLS) is a modular polyketide synthase that catalyzes the formation of tylactone (1), the parent aglycone precursor of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin. TYLS modules 1 and 2 are responsible for the generation of antidiketide and triketide intermediates, respectively, each bound to an acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain. Each module harbors a ketoreductase (KR) domain. The stereospecificity of TYLS KR1 and TYLS KR2 has been determined by incubating each of the recombinant ketoreductase domains with reconstituted ketosynthase-acyltransferase [KS][AT] and ACP domains from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) in the presence of the N-acetylcysteamine thioester of syn-(2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoate (6), methylmalonyl-CoA, and NADPH resulting in the exclusive formation of the ACP-bound (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2,4-methyl-3,5-dihydroxyhepanoyl triketide, as established by GC-MS analysis of the TMS ether of the derived triketide lactone 7. Both TYLS KR1 and KR2 therefore catalyze the stereospecific reduction of the 2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP substrate from the re-face, with specificity for the reduction of the (2R)-methyl (D) diastereomer. The dehydration that is catalyzed by the dehydratase (DH) domains of TYLS module 2 to give the unsaturated (2E,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxyhept-2-enoyl-ACP2 is therefore a syn elimination of water.
Structural and EPR Study of the Dependence on Deuteration of the Jahn−Teller Distortion in Ammonium Hexaaquacopper(II) Sulfate, (NH4)2[Cu(H2O)6](SO4)2

The variation of the EPR spectra with degree of deuteration of the partially deuterated Tutton salt ammonium hexaaquacopper(II) sulfate, (NH4)2[Cu(H2O)6](SO4)2, has been measured at 293 K. The meas...
A comparative study on striated muscle fibers of the first antenna and the claw muscle of the crab Pinnixia sp.

Two types of muscle fibers, here called Type-A and Type-B muscle fibers, are found in the peduncle of the first antenna of Pinnixia sp. One type is found in the abductor claw muscle. Type-A muscle fibers are reminiscent of invertebrate fast-acting muscle: straight Z-lines, prominent M-lines, hollow tubule-shaped thick myofilaments, hexagonally arranged thin and thick myofilaments, and a thin/thick myofilament ratio of 3/1. Dyadic contacts occur at mid-sarcomere levels. Type-B antenna and abductor claw muscle fibers are reminiscent of some invertebrate slow-acting muscle fibers. They lack M-lines, dyadic contacts occur at A/I junctions, thin and thick myofilaments are non hexagonally arranged, and thin/thick myofilament ratios are 6–7/1. A distinct feature of abductor claw muscle is the presence of plasmalemmal invaginations associated with Z-lines and cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum. This evidence is discussed in terms of a comparison with other invertebrate muscles with known speeds of activity.
The diphthamide modification on elongation factor‐2 renders mammalian cells resistant to ricin

Diphthamide is a post-translational derivative of histidine in protein synthesis elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) that is present in all eukaryotes with no known normal physiological role. Five proteins Dph1-Dph5 are required for the biosynthesis of diphthamide. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells mutated in the biosynthetic genes lack diphthamide and are resistant to bacterial toxins such as diphtheria toxin. We found that diphthamide-deficient cultured cells were threefold more sensitive than their parental cells towards ricin, a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). RIPs bind to ribosomes at the same site as eEF-2 and cleave the large ribosomal RNA, inhibiting translation and causing cell death. We hypothesized that one role of diphthamide may be to protect ribosomes, and therefore all eukaryotic life forms, from RIPs, which are widely distributed in nature. A protective role of diphthamide against ricin was further demonstrated by complementation where dph mutant CHO cells transfected with the corresponding DPH gene acquired increased resistance to ricin in comparison with the control-transfected cells, and resembled the parental CHO cells in their response to the toxin. These data show that the presence of diphthamide in eEF-2 provides protection against ricin and suggest the hypothesis that diphthamide may have evolved to provide protection against RIPs.
Predicting future research pay off from historical evidence

In an era of contracting real research budgets, ex ante identification of high priority research areas has become increasingly critical. This management task is inherently subjective, but unfortunately objective data sources are often ignored because it is not clear how they can be used. This paper offers no real conclusions but, it is hoped, provides a challenge for additional thought and experimentation on the subject. In an attempt to stimulate dialogue on appropriate incorporation of objective data into the subjective decision process, it develops ‘sufficient conditions’ for using historical data to obtain a quasi-objective potential payoff measure. The measure is then applied for illustrative purposes to a resource allocation problem in beef production research.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma: The third most common thyroid cancer reviewed

Medullary thyroid cancer is a type of thyroid cancer of neuroendocrine origin. It occurs in hereditary and sporadic forms, and its aggressive behavior is associated with the clinical presentation and type of RET mutation. Total thyroidectomy remains the ideal choice of treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are the fundamental for a 100% cure rate. In this study, we present our experience of 3 cases, along with a complete review of the literature derived from a Pubmed Database search.
Splitting off tori and the evaluation subgroup of the fundamental group

Given a spaceX what is the largest torusT n such thatX is homotopy equivalent toY×T n We find the answer depends on a simple property of the evaluation subgroup of the fundamental group,G 1(X). As corollaries we have the Splitting theorem of Conner and Raymond and the fact that the dimension ofX must be greater than the rank ofG 1(X).
The Drosophila rhodopsin cytoplasmic tail domain is required for maintenance of rhabdomere structure

The ninaE-encoded Rh1 rhodopsin is the major light-sensitive pigment expressed in Drosophila R1-6 photoreceptor cells. Rh1 rhodopsin localizes to and is essential for the development and maintenance of the rhabdomere, the specialized membrane-rich organelle that serves as the site of phototransduction. We showed previously that the vertebrate bovine rhodopsin (Rho) is expressed and properly localized in Drosophila photoreceptor cells. Drosophila photoreceptors expressing only Rho have normal rhabdomere structure at young ages, but the rhabdomeres are not maintained and show extensive disorganization by 7-10 days of age. A series of Rho-Rh1 opsin chimeric rhodopsins were used to identify Rh1 domains required for maintenance of rhabdomeric structure. The results show that the Rh1 rhodopsin cytoplasmic tail domain, positioned to interact with cytoplasmic structural components, plays a major role in promoting rhabdomeric organization.
Head Injuries in Airbag-Equipped Motor Vehicles with Special Emphasis on AIS 1 and 2 Facial and Loss of Consciousness Injuries

Objectives:Safety of the airbag supplemental restraint system (airbag) is a well-known concern. Although many lives are saved each year through airbag use, injuries continue to occur, especially to the head. Airbag safety research has focused primarily on severe injuries, while minor and moderate injuries have been largely ignored. Methods:In this study, 205,977 injury cases from the 1995 to 2001 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)/ Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of AIS 1 and 2 facial and brain loss of consciousness (LOC) injuries and determine if these injuries are a concern. The query was focused on frontal impacts in vehicles equipped with airbags. Only occupants wearing appropriate seatbelts were included in this study so that the airbag would provide occupant protection under optimal conditions. Of the 205,977 injury cases studied, 2.4% met this criterion. Results: From the data gathered, the trends seem to indicate an increase in these specific inj...
Superfluid-Vortex Thresholds and the Vortex-Core Parameter near T λ

Superfluid-vortex thresholds in a rotating annulus were detected with second sound in the temperature range $0.01 \mathrm{K}l{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}Tl0.2 \mathrm{K}$. A rapid decrease of the threshold angular velocity ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c1}$ was observed as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$. The data can only be fitted to the theory of Fetter if a rapidly diverging vortex-core parameter is assumed.
Development of thin film temperature sensors for high performance turbo-jet engines

Abstract The introduction of ceramic thermal barrier coatings, then monolithic ceramic blades and finally blades made from ceramic-metal composites are expected to have dramatic effects on the operating temperatures of gas turbines. Successful functioning of these components in the hostile environment of a gas turbine depends partly on the accurate measurement of their surface temperature, and for this, the development of appropriate technology is needed. This paper deals with the two phase research program started by us at UCLA on the development of Pt Pt + Rh thin film thermocouples on nickel based superalloys and monolithic ceramic type blades and vanes. In the case of super-alloy substrates, the thermocouple consists of 10 micron thick Pt and Pt + 10% Rh thin film elements deposited on the insulating surface of the blades and vanes. The insulator is developed by a combination of treatments given to the coated blade. Thermocouples, stable up to 50 hrs. in an oxyacetylene flame (1050°C) with less than 5 percent drift in temperature, have been fabricated. Pt and Pt + Rh thin films are currently being deposited on sintered SiC and Si3N4 substrates. Some results of thermo-emf measurements for thermocouples deposited on Si3N4 blades are also reported here, especially in regard to emf-drift due to Pt-Si interdiffusion and oxidation of rhodium.
Predicting return to prison among adolescent males: A comparison of three statistics

This prediction study compared three statistical procedures for predictive accuracy using a criterion of return to Wisconsin training schools among first-admissions to these prisons for youthful offenders. Comparing logit analysis, predictive attribute analysis, and a Burgess method, this study found no clear superiority in prediction among these statistics; however, there were dimensions of these classifications in which one statistical procedure was more predictive than another. Some implications of prediction are discussed.
Navigating the B12 Road: Assimilation, Delivery, and Disorders of Cobalamin

The reactivity of the cobalt-carbon bond in cobalamins is the key to their chemical versatility, supporting both methyl transfer and isomerization reactions. During evolution of higher eukaryotes that utilize vitamin B12, the high reactivity of the cofactor coupled with its low abundance pressured development of an efficient system for uptake, assimilation, and delivery of the cofactor to client B12-dependent enzymes. Although most proteins suspected to be involved in B12 trafficking were discovered by 2009, the recent identification of a new protein reveals that the quest for elucidating the intracellular B12 highway is still far from complete. Herein, we review the biochemistry of cobalamin trafficking.
Front-Line Educators: The Impact of Classified Staff Interactions on the Student Experience.

This multiple case study explored classified staff interactions with students as a strategy for increasing success. Interviews, observations, and focus groups examined interactions from the staff perspective. Findings indicate staff members enhance the educational process by providing a human connection, offering practical strategies for success, and giving support to special populations. Front-line staff interactions appear to positively impact the student experience. Future research should focus on work place considerations, policy development, and the student perspective. The authors urge community college leaders to more fully utilize the contributions of these front-line educators.
THE ESCHATOLOGICAL THEOGONY OF THE GOD WHO MAY BE: EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF DIVINE PRESENCE IN KEARNEY, HEGEL, AND HEIDEGGER

: While heightening the nihilistic tension underlying the discourse of Richard Kearney, I highlight the positive contribution his book The God Who May Be makes to the debate concerning the need for a postmodern revitalization of religious symbolism. I argue for three qualifications of Kearney's argument, suggesting, in response to Kearney's exclusionary approach to the God who “neither is nor is not but may be,” a God whose possibility for meaningfulness arises as an “eschatological theogony” from out of the chaos (confusion and openness) of contemporary religious symbolism. Arguing that such a radical reenvisioning of God must be tempered and given meaning through reentering and reaffirming onto-theology in a qualified (hermeneutical) sense, I sketch a possible renewal of meaning for the traditional Christian parousia-concept as a hermeneutical circle between Hegel's systematic closure of Western metaphysics and Heidegger's deconstructive appropriation of the hidden possibilities of presence within the onto-theological tradition.
Technology-Based Approaches to Preventing Youth Violence A Formative Evaluation of Program Development and Implementation in Four Communities

This study uses implementation research and case study methodologies to evaluate the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service's Youth Initiative in four communities. In each location, information technology was used to involve stakeholders in developing solutions to the youth violence problem. The purpose of this article is to document the different approaches to program development and implementation across cases and provide feedback to policy makers and program stakeholders that can be used to make future improvements. The programs are assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Best Practices of Youth Violence Prevention, and feedback for improvement is provided. The biggest successes include assessing the nature and extent of youth violence in local communities, identifying those who would benefit from intervention, and deciding how to reach out to participants. Establishing clear goals proved to be the biggest challenge.
Inverse scattering solutions using low-coherence light

We present a new wave-vector-space approach for solving inverse scattering problems. In our formulation, the theories for diffraction tomography and coherence gating are combined to explain 3D reconstruction with low-coherence light. Specifically, we apply this method to solve the scattering problem with broadband fields for transmission and reflection measurements. Our results can be applied to any interferometric measurements with low-coherence light, including optical coherence tomography, angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry, and white-light diffraction tomography.
Uptake and tissue distribution of chromium(III) in mice after a single intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration

Abstract The tissue levels of chromium were followed after single intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection of 1 mmol CrCl3/kg body wt. in Swiss male mice. Blood levels were similar after both treatment modes, with half-lives of 31–41 h. Organs not directly exposed by i.p. treatment contained similar amounts in the two groups, with kidneys > lungs > heart > brain. However, after i.p. treatment peritoneal organs (liver, spleen, pancreas and testis) had 40- to 200-fold more chromium compared with s.c. Assay of subsurface liver tissue and of testes removed via the scrotum indicated infiltration of the organs, rather than surface adsorption, of peritoneal chromium. Relative chromium concentrations after i.p. treatment were liver > pancreas = spleen > testis and after s.c. liver > spleen > testis > pancreas. Thus s.c. treatment with CrCl3 is as effective as i.p. in terms of absorption into the blood. Treatment i.p., leading to direct uptake into peritoneal organs, is an effective way to deliver high chromium doses to these organs, but does not model likely human exposure.
Laparoscopic colectomy in obese and nonobese patients

Obese patients carry a higher risk of wound complications and cardiopulmonary complications along with a higher incidence of comorbidity, all of which have the potential to affect outcome after a variety of surgical procedures. The data regarding outcomes after laparoscopic colectomy in obese and nonobese patients are limited. The purpose of this report was to compare the outcome of laparoscopic bowel resection in obese and nonobese patients. All patients prospectively entered into a laparoscopic bowel resection database from March 1999 to December 2001, who underwent a segmental colectomy for any pathologic condition, were analyzed. Patients with a body mass index above 30 were defined as obese, and patients with a body mass index below 30 were defined as nonobese. Data collected included age, sex, duration of operation, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, operative procedure, diagnosis, complications relating to length of hospital stay, mortality, and readmission within 30 days of discharge. Statistical analysis consisted of Student's t test and chi-square analysis where appropriate, with significance set at P < 0.05. A total of 260 patients were evaluated (201 [77.3%] in the nonobese group and 59 [22.7%] in the obese group). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, operative procedure, length of hospital stay, or readmission rates. The obese group had significantly more conversions to an open procedure (23.7% vs. 10.9%), a longer operative duration (109 minutes vs. 94 minutes), a higher morbidity rate (22% vs. 13%) and a higher anastomotic leakage rate (5.1% vs. 1.2%). This large experience with laparoscopic colectomy for a variety of conditions demonstrates that despite higher conversion rates, an increased risk of pulmonary complications, and anastomotic leakage rates in obese laparoscopic patients that parallel those of open surgery, laparoscopic colectomy can be performed safely in both obese and nonobese patients with the similar benefit of a shorter hospital stay in both groups.
Two algorithms for the direct computation of binary correlation functions

Two algorithms for computing the two-sided correlation function (correlogram) and several identities for the cross correlation of binary codes are developed. The basic theorem (The Product Rule) shows the correlogram of two binary codes, X * Y, to be the arithmetic product of Y and the mirror reversal of X, when the code symbols are ±1.
Suppression of mitochondrial respiration through recruitment of p160 myb binding protein to PGC-1α: modulation by p38 MAPK

The transcriptional coactivator PPAR gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of metabolic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in muscle and gluconeogenesis in liver. Reduced levels of PGC-1α in humans have been associated with type II diabetes. PGC-1α contains a negative regulatory domain that attenuates its transcriptional activity. This negative regulation is removed by phosphorylation of PGC-1α by p38 MAPK, an important kinase downstream of cytokine signaling in muscle and β-adrenergic signaling in brown fat. We describe here the identification of p160 myb binding protein (p160MBP) as a repressor of PGC-1α. The binding and repression of PGC-1α by p160MBP is disrupted by p38 MAPK phosphorylation of PGC-1α. Adenoviral expression of p160MBP in myoblasts strongly reduces PGC-1α's ability to stimulate mitochondrial respiration and the expression of the genes of the electron transport system. This repression does not require removal of PGC-1α from chromatin, suggesting that p160MBP is or recruits a direct transcriptional suppressor. Overall, these data indicate that p160MBP is a powerful negative regulator of PGC-1α function and provide a molecular mechanism for the activation of PGC-1α by p38 MAPK. The discovery of p160MBP as a PGC-1α regulator has important implications for the understanding of energy balance and diabetes.
Quantifying the effects on blood of irradiation with four different vascular-lesion lasers

We have done a study addressing the effects of blood of irradiation with different vascular- lesion lasers. Irradiation of dilute whole blood with light (577 - 585 nm) produced by an argon-dye laser, copper-vapor laser, flashlamp-pumped dye laser or Q-switched frequency- doubled Nd:YAG dye laser causes the release of hemoglobin from the red blood cells. The magnitude of this release is shown to be proportional to the magnitude of thermal insult. With this experimental technique, we compare the efficacy of each laser for producing thermal damage, using clinically realistic irradiation parameters. We have determined that an equivalent energy fluence from these lasers produced comparable amounts of thermal damage in whole blood, except in the experiments where the flashlamp-pumped dye laser was used. The flashlamp-pumped dye laser produced much greater damage than the other lasers at equivalent irradiance levels. This was felt to be due to the flashlamp-pumped dye laser's relatively large spot size. Measurable differences in thermal damage elicited by irradiation of red blood cells with the argon-dye laser and copper-vapor laser emphasized the fact that the latter is a pulsed laser, while former is a continuous-wave laser. All of the experimental results show that laser induced thermal damage is a function of not only the energy fluence, but also of the energy fluence rate and geometry of the irradiation.
Condensation modes in magnetized cylindrical plasmas

In order to understand the formation and stability of solar prominences, attention is given to the condensation modes of the thermal instability in a cylindriical plasma whose magnetic field has both potential (longitudinal) and nonpotential (poloidal) components forming helically twisted field lines. It is noted that the field line twist has a significant effect on the stability of condensation modes which are unstable if field lines are straight, but become stable as the twist increases. The problem is treated in a fully self-consistent way, to derive a second-order ordinary differential equation for radiative MHD stability. The approximation made by neglecting inertial terms is valid for coronal loop conditions if there is no singular surface in the plasma, and a simplified differential equation is derived. Attention is given to stability for the m = zero, 1, and 2 modes numerically, for various loop parameters.
Towards Surface Growth Lithography Using Polymer Bound Photoactive Acid Generators

Surface growth lithography is an attractive technique that eliminates the need for resist transparency. Critical to the success of this method is a smooth and homogeneous film capable of immobilizing a high concentration of initiator on the surface. This report outlines the design, synthesis, and preliminary testing of a polymeric photoactive acid generator (PAG), which is suitable for use with cationic surface growth lithography.
An Exact Formula for the Pull-Out Frequency of a 2nd-Order Type II Phase Lock Loop

The pull-out frequency of a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) quantifies the loop's ability to remain frequency locked under abrupt changes in the reference input frequency. This parameter is very critical in many applications e.g. FSK demodulator, multicarrier, and frequency-hopping based systems. In most cases, this parameter must be determined numerically or approximated using asymptotic techniques. Either of the methods needs special knowledge, skill and tools. An exact formula is derived for computing the pull-out frequency for a 2nd-order Type II PLL that employs a triangular characteristic phase detector. With this formula, the pull-out frequency of such PLLs can easily be calculated using a current day scientific calculator.
LIPID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS AND THE FUNCTION OF THE CA2+- ATPASE OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Regardless of the nature of the protein constituents of membranes, the molecular arrangement of lipids interacting with them must satisfy hydrophobic, ionic, and steric requirements. Biological membranes have a great diversity of lipid constituents, and this diversity might have functional roles. It has been proposed, for example, that the hydrophobic regions of membrane proteins are stabilized in the membrane through interactions with lipids able to adopt configurations other than the bilayer structure. Progress in understanding at the molecular level how lipid-protein interactions control the properties of membrane proteins has been hindered by the lack of information concerning the structure of the hydrophobic regions of membrane proteins. Nevertheless, there are many examples in the literature describing how changes in the lipid environment affect physical and biochemical properties of membrane proteins. From these studies, discussed in this review, an overall picture of how lipids and proteins interact in membranes is beginning to emerge.