cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Movement Organizations in Online Movements

In the era of Web 2.0, social media based Internet activism is slowly replacing traditional civic engagements such as sit-ins, strikes, rallies, etc. Proponents of online activism postulate that low participation and coordination costs, and the decentralized structure of these platforms will render the services and functionalities provided by Social Movement Organizations (SMOs) nonessential. Yet, such claims currently lack empirical evidence since many existing studies do not distinguish the participation of SMOs from individuals, and are therefore unable to determine the value of SMOs in online protest movements. This paper aims to fill that knowledge gap. First, we use large-scale crowdsourcing platforms in combination with nested supervised learning models and identify more than 50 thousand SMOs participating in 2 distinct Twitter hashtag movements; next, by characterizing their primary objectives, we further assign each SMO to a specific social movement industry (SMI). We explore the attributes of these SMOs from five different perspectives: commitment, knowledge sharing, community building, structural significance and recruitment. We find that SMOs utilize a more diverse knowledge base, are more consistent and committed in their participation, apply more community-building efforts, possess more favorable positions within online protest networks, and contributed substantially to the recruitment of new participants compared to nonsocial movement organizations and individuals. We further compare and contrast behavior differences of SMOs from different SMIs. In summary, our findings show that the role of SMOs in social movements is far from over, even when focusing on online movements. In fact, social media affordances are allowing SMOs to participate together in a scope that is unattainable by traditional protesting methods.
Working Memory Performance Following Acute Alcohol: Replication and Extension of Dose by Age Interactions.

Objective:Despite the substantial number of older adult drinkers, few studies have examined acute alcohol effects in aging samples. We have explored these interactions across a variety of neurobeha...
Abstract P081: Applying Precision Public Health Tools to Address Health Disparities Among African-Americans in Alachua County, Florida

Precision Public Health (PPH) is the application of public health tools to population subsets with tailored interventions resulting in quantitative improvements in overall population health. The go...
Cultures For Sale: Perspectives on Colonialism and Self-Determination and the Relationship to Authenticity and Tourism

This article explores two cultural groups' histories and relationships with the business of tourism, including the development of self-determined organizations or projects and the objects that are produced for tourist consumption. This ethnographic portraiture study illustrates historical, political, and cultural issues from artists and organizers who are actively involved as artists and/or organizers for self-determined arts organizations and education projects. The results of the study indicate a conflict between people from the cultural groups and people who are not cultural members who are in power positions. Often decisions regarding what objects are made or labeled as authentic cultural forms are made by those not of the culture. A concern is that these objects are viewed by the consumer as representing people and places with little to no context or critical examination. The two portraits explore realities of colonialism and self-determination and the relationship to authenticity and tourism.
Epidermal growth factor receptor genes are overexpressed within the periprosthetic soft-tissue around percutaneous devices: A pilot study

Epidermal downgrowth around percutaneous devices produce sinus tracts, which then accumulate bacteria becoming foci of infection. This mode to failure is epidermal-centric, and is accelerated by changes in the chemokines and cytokines of the underlying periprosthetic granulation tissue (GT). In order to more fully comprehend the mechanism of downgrowth, in this 28-day study, percutaneous devices were placed in 10 Zucker diabetic fatty rats; 5 animals were induced with diabetes mellitus II (DM II) prior to the surgery and 5 animals served as a healthy, nondiabetic cohort. At necropsy, periprosthetic tissues were harvested, and underwent histological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies. After isolating GTs from the surrounding tissue and extracting ribonucleic acids, PCR array and quantitative-PCR (qPCR) analyses were carried-out. The PCR array for 84 key wound-healing associated genes showed a five-fold or greater change in 31 genes in the GTs of healthy animals compared to uninjured healthy typical skin tissues. Eighteen genes were overexpressed and these included epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Thirteen genes were underexpressed. When GTs of DM II animals were compared to healthy animals, there were 8 genes overexpressed and 25 genes underexpressed; under expressed genes included EGF and EGFR. The qPCR and immunohistochemistry data further validated these observations. Pathway analysis of genes up-regulated 15-fold or more indicated two, EGFR and interleukin-10, centric clustering effects. It was concluded that EGFR could be a key player in exacerbating the epidermal downgrowth, and might be an effective target for preventing downgrowth.
Exploring community stress and empowerment among stakeholders and youth in an urban community

Community-level stress, such as pervasive substance abuse and violence, can yield negative health and mental heath outcomes for youth from disadvantaged communities. Community empowerment is a proc...
Decoherence: Is Dissipation All It Takes?

I discuss the relationship between the decoherence of a quantum ensemble seen at the level of the density operator and the complementary evolutions revealed by quantum trajectory theory for individual members of the ensemble.
Strategies for Supporting Students with ASD

Students with ASD face many challenges; they are often misunderstood, fearful, anxious, and frustrated by circumstances beyond their control. This chapter describes strategies for supporting these individuals by recognizing problems they may have and helping them cope with an unpredictable environment and changing demands. This chapter was written for educators, parents/caregivers, and other professionals. Hopefully, it will create a dialogue which helps us better understand and more effectively work with individuals in the spectrum.
Long-term Survival After Heart Transplantation: A Population-based Nested Case-Control Study

Background Heart transplantation is the mainstay of treatment for patients in end-stage heart failure. This study sought to contrast survival after transplantation with that of the general population to quantify standardized mortality rates using a nested case-control study design. Methods Control subjects were noninstitutionalized inhabitants of the United States identified through the National Longitudinal Mortality study. Case subjects were adults who underwent heart transplantation between 1990 and 2007 and identified through the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Propensity-matching (5:1, nearest neighbor, caliper = 0.1) was utilized to identify suitable control subjects based on age, sex, race, and state of permanent residency. The primary study endpoint was 10-year survival. Results In all, 31,883 heart transplant recipients were matched to 159,415 noninstitutionalized residents of the United States. The 10-year survival of heart transplant recipients was 53%. The population expected mortality rate was 15.9 deaths per 100 person-years with an observed rate of 45.1 deaths per 100 person-years (standardized mortality rate [SMR] 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 2.82 to 2.87). The broadest gaps between observed and expected survival were evident in female (SMR 3.63), black (SMR 3.67), and Hispanic (SMR 4.12) recipients. Standardized mortality ratios declined over time (1990 to 1995, 3.09; 1996 to 2000, 2.90; 2001 to 2007, 2.58). The long-term standardized survival of older recipients was closest to that expected for their age. Conclusions Heart transplant recipients have considerable long-term survival and have a threefold higher standardized long-term mortality rate than that of the noninstitutionalized population. Long-term mortality rates have consistently declined over time and will likely continue to decrease.
Greater mechanical temporal summation of pain in Latinx-Americans and the role of adverse life experiences.

Introduction Adverse life experiences disproportionately impact Latinx-Americans and are related to greater chronic pain rates. However, little is known about how adversities interact with central pain mechanisms for the development of later pain among Latinx-Americans. Objectives The current study examined the relationship between adverse life experiences (eg, trauma and ethnic discrimination) and correlates (eg, social status) with mechanical temporal summation of pain (a proxy measure of central sensitization) between pain-free U.S. native Latinx (n = 65) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) (n = 51) adults. Methods Participants completed self-report adverse life experience and correlational measures regarding childhood and adulthood and a mechanical temporal summation protocol. Results Relative to NHWs, Latinx-Americans reported experiencing significantly greater trauma, discrimination, and lower social status during childhood and adulthood, along with greater temporal summation. Contrary to hypotheses, recent and lifetime experiences of ethnic discrimination significantly correlated with less temporal summation among Latinx-Americans. Decreases in objective and subjective social status across the lifespan (childhood to present day) correlated with greater temporal summation for Latinx-Americans. However, r-to-z transformation analyses confirmed that significant adversity and social status correlations observed among the Latinx group did not significantly differ from NHW participants. Conclusions The present findings highlight the complex association between adverse experiences, adverse experience risk factors, and pain for Latinx-Americans. Given the disproportion of experienced pain and adversity among Latinx-Americans, the current findings suggest that a better understanding of the unique adversities for this sample may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between adversities, adversity correlates, and pain risk for Latinx-Americans.
Examination of xylene exposure in the U.S. Population through biomonitoring: NHANES 2005-2006, 2011-2016

Aim: Xylenes are aromatic hydrocarbons used for industrial applications such as the production of petrochemicals and plastics. Acute xylene exposures can negatively impact health through neurotoxic...
Pediatric Malignant Catatonia Associated With Vaporized Cannabis Use: A Case Series

Abstract Background Catatonia is an often underdiagnosed diagnosis in the pediatric population that carries substantial morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of catatonia is important, especially whenit presents with autonomic abnormalities to ensure timely initiation of treatment. Treatment of catatonia is well established, especially the use of GABAergic agents such as benzodiazepines. Although the use of high potency cannabis has been associated with multiple neuropsychiatric sequelae, the relationship between vaporized cannabis use and catatonia has not been previously described. Case Presentations We report two cases of malignant catatonia in adolescent males with psychiatric histories significant for trauma and depression, and a recent history of vaporized marijuana use. These adolescents presented to the pediatric emergency room with classic symptoms of catatonia including psychomotor and behavioral disturbances. Both patients had evidence of autonomic dysfunction including hypertension, tachycardia, and mydriasis, and in one case, even evidence of cardiac ischemia. Laboratory and imaging workups for both patients were otherwise unremarkable. Both patients had resolution of symptoms following the administration of lorazepam. Conclusions These cases represent the first reported instances of pediatric malignant catatonia secondary to vaporized cannabis use. Given the increasing popularity of vaporized cannabis use among adolescents, malignant catatonia should be on the differential in a pediatric patient presenting with psychomotor disturbances and autonomic instability. Further research is needed to quantify the risk of catatonia secondary to vaporized cannabis use.
A Longitudinal Study of Spanish Language Growth and Loss in Young Spanish-English Bilingual Children

Abstract This longitudinal study examined trajectories of Spanish language growth and loss in 34 Spanish-English bilingual children attending an English immersion school. Narrative retell language samples were collected in Spanish across 3 years using wordless, picture storybooks. Digital audio recordings were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for mean length of utterance in words, proportion of grammatical utterances, and moving-average type-token ratio. Code switching into English was also coded at the word level to determine its potential impact on moving-average type-token ratio. Growth curve models were used to estimate the change over time for each outcome measure. The findings indicated that the Spanish-English bilingual participants who attended an English immersion school demonstrated loss of Spanish grammatical and lexical production (as defined by encompassing maintenance and or significant deceleration) from preschool through kindergarten, and that the degree of loss in lexical production was impacted by whether code switching was included or excluded. The findings are discussed in the context of clinical decision-making when assessing the Spanish expressive language abilities of this specific population.
Is It Still a Mandate If We Don’t Enforce It? The Politics of COVID-related Mask Mandates in Conservative States

Questions of whether to enforce COVID-related mask mandates are complex. While enforced mandates are more effective at controlling community spread, government imposed behavioral controls have met ...
Structural characterization of an envelope-associated adeno-associated virus type 2 capsid.

Abstract Adeno-associated virus (AAV) are classified as non-enveloped ssDNA viruses. However, AAV capsids embedded within exosomes have been observed, and it has been suggested that the AAV membrane associated accessory protein (MAAP) may play a role in envelope-associated AAV (EA-AAV) capsid formation. Here, we observed and selected sufficient homogeneous EA-AAV capsids of AAV2, produced using the Sf9 baculoviral expression system, to determine the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure at 3.14 A resolution. The reconstructed map confirmed that the EA-AAV capsid, showed no significant structural variation compared to the non-envelope capsid. In addition, the Sf9 expression system used implies the notion that MAAP may enhance exosome AAV encapsulation. Furthermore, we speculate that these EA-AAV capsids may have therapeutic benefits over the currently used non-envelope AAV capsids, with advantages in immune evasion and/or improved infectivity.
Towards a specific architecture for international information systems: An exploratory study

Despite their acknowledged importance, international information technology applica­ tions defined as supporting a business activity across a number of diverse environments are still largely unstudied and under-explored. Scholarly research has been relatively sparse, but there is anecdotal evidence of the serious difficulties facing the developer of international sys­ tems. In this exploratory paper it is investigated whether there is a specific architecture, generically common to international information systems which could provide a framework for the development of international systems. The linkage between the global business strategy of international firms and the organiza­ tion and structure of their information systems is discussed. Building on the body of research into the structure of global information systems and distilling from it some fundamental com­ monalities, an architecture consisting of a two-dimensional topology and five systems elements is proposed as a basic construct for the design of systems which operate across diverse environ­ ments. The potential benefits of the architecture and the resulting implications for the design of international information systems are set out and the need for future research to validate and develop the architecture model further is emphasized. INTRODUCTION Purpose of the Paper Information systems technology is often critical to the international operations of the glo­ bally oriented firm, either as the key to its expansion, or even as the main profit driver. Despite their obvious importance transnational information system's technology is still "largely unre­ ported [and] unstudied" (Cash, McFarlan & McKenney, 1992) and "... generally ignored" (King & Sethi, 1993). While scholarly research into this field is sparse, there is an increasing amount of anecdotal evidence and technical reports indicating a strengthening interest by practi­ tioners in this field.
Untethered microscale flight: Mechanisms and platforms for future aerial MEMS microrobots

ABSTRACT This paper describes initial work on untethered microscale fl ying structures as a platform for new class of aerial MEMS microrobots. We present and analyze both biomimetic structures based partially on wing designs of smallest flying insects on Earth, as well as stress-engineered structures pow ered by radiometric (thermal) forces. The latter devices, also called MEMS Microfliers are 300 m × 300 m × 1.5 m in size, and are fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon. A convex chassis, formed through a novel in-situ masked post-release stress-engineering process, ensures their static in-flight stability. High-speed optical micrography was used to image these MEMS microfliers in mid-flight, analyzing their flight profile. Keywords: Microfliers, MEMS, Radiometric forces, microaerial vehicles, parasitic wasps 1. INTRODUCTION Microscale mobile robotics systems such as electrostatically driven stress-engineered MEMS microrobots (MicroStressbots) 1 , resonating stepping robots
Availability and Selection of Sources of Water for Water Supply Systems

Sources of water are systematically enumerated by the five major categories: (1) surface, (2) underground, (3) atmospheric, (4) recycled, and (5) brackish or saline waters. Each category of sources of water contains two or more specific kinds of water, with brief description of each. A total of 21 kinds of sources of water are identified. Similarly, criteria needed for selection of source(s) of water for the water supply systems are divided into the five major categories. They are: (1) criteria which characterize the source(s) of water and water itself, (2) regional characteristics of sources as related to the water supply systems, (3) water rights and market for water, (4) development of the system in stages, and (5) economics of water supply systems criteria of selection of water source(s). Each of these categories of criteria contains two or more kinds of criteria, with their brief description. A total of 15 criteria are identified. The principles of the application of criteria to selection of the source(s) of water for water supply systems are reviewed in the third part of the text. The last part of this text treats briefly the comprehensive and integrated development, conservation, control and protection of all regional sources of water.
The Constitution and the Transitory Cause of Action

Professor Currie, having developed in the first part of his article the theory that the Supreme Court erred in grounding its decision in Hughes v. Fetter on the full-faith-and-credit clause instead of the equal-protection clause, now proceeds to consider situations in the conflict of laws in which the former provision is applicable. His conclusion sets forth the boundaries of a state's obligation to provide a forum for causes of action created by the laws of a sister state.
Photodissociation of HN 3 at 248 nm

The hydrogen-atom product channel in the ultraviolet photodissociation of HN3, HN3( X 1A') + by —* H + N3(X 211), is investigated at a photolysis wavelength of 248 nm. The center-of-mass (CM) translational energy distribution of the H and N3( X 211) fragments is determined by the high-n Rydberg H-atom time-of-flight spectroscopy. The CM translational energy release peaks near the maximum available energy, with its average (Etrans) (J.7tEavaii. A strongly anisotropic product angular distribution was observed, with the anisotropy parameter 3 -0.8. The obtained information indicates a perpendicular electronic transition (A1A' f— X1A) of HN3 at 248 nm and a rapid dissociation via the repulsive excited-state surface. Bend and stretching vibration excitations of the photofragment N3 are observed. The upper limit of the bond energy D0(H-N3) is estimated to be 88.7 0.5 kcal mo11. Keywords: photodissociation, HN, H atom, N3.
A Professional Development School—Sponsored Summer Program for At-Risk Secondary Students:

The development and implementation of a Professional Development School (PDS)— sponsored summer program for at-risk secondary students is described. Literature related to PDSs and summer programs is followed by a presentation of data findings and analysis. Attendance and grade point average data gathered on the 17 participating rising ninth graders indicate that the described summer program had a positive student impact. Benefits for the university and school constituents as well as implications for future practice and research are described.
Hemodynamics of carotid back pressure and cerebral flow during endarterectomy

Abstract This study analyzes the hemodynamics of cerebral hemisphere blood flow by application of first principles of fluid mechanics, with the specific objective of quantitating the relationship between ipsilateral collateral cerebral blood flow and carotid back pressure. The variables arise from the fluid mechanics equations as nondimensional, normalized ratios: the ratio of collateral cerebral flow to normal flow and the ratio of carotid back pressure to mean arterial pressure (carotid back pressure index). The results show that the relationship between these two variables depends on two things: the cerebral venous pressure and the cerebral vascular reserve. The predicted safe lower limit of the carotid back pressure index for carotid operations without the use of an external shunt is 0.32 to 0.39 for patients with normal cerebral vascular reserve and venous pressure and 0.64 to 0.68 in patients with no vascular reserve. When the known effects of PCO2 and arterial blood pressure on the cerebral circulation are combined with the theoretical results of this study, it is shown that hypocarbia and mild systemic hypertension increase collateral blood flow at any carotid back pressure index during carotid occlusion. Conversely, hypercarbia and hypotension are predicted to decrease flow.
Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics: quantitative measurements with the search-coil technique.

Abstract Eye movements of five schizophrenic and five normal subjects were measured with the magnetic-field search-coil technique. Subjects followed targets moving smoothly at various speeds, either unpredictably in a step-ramp fashion or predictably in a triangular wave. The tracking stimulus was either a small dot or a large, richly-textured image that occupied a large portion of the visual field. Tracking by schizophrenics was abnormal; it was punctuated by catch-up saccades that corrected for smooth following movements of inadequate velocity. We did not, however, find saccadic intrusions, such as square wave jerks. Under all tracking conditions steady-state gains (eye velocity/target velocity) and, in the case of step-ramps, averarage acceleration in the first 120 ms were lower in patients than in normal subjects. The differences were most pronounced for tracking of the small target, moving at the highest speed tested (30 degree/s), in the nonpredictable, step-ramp waveform. With this stimulus mean steady-state gain was 0.36 (SD ± 0.12) for the schizophrenic patients and 0.73 (SD ± 0.11) for the normal subjects. When the target was changed to the large-field stimulus or moved in a predictable (triangular-wave) fashion, tracking improved in both patients and normal subjects, and even more so when these features were combined.
Influence of the Triel Elements (M = Al, Ga, In) on the Transport Properties of Ca_5M_2Sb_6 Zintl Compounds

The Zintl compound Ca_5Al_2Sb_6 has extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (<0.6 W/mK at 1000 K) and tunable electronic properties, making it a promising thermoelectric material for high temperature waste-heat recovery. The current study investigates trends in the chemical and transport properties of the Ca_5M_2Sb_6 compounds (M = Al, Ga, or In), revealing potential routes toward improved thermoelectric properties in this system. Here, we show that isoelectronic M-site substitutions can be used to “fine-tune” the electronic properties of the Ca_5M_2Sb_6 system, without inducing electronic doping effects. Electronic structure calculations reveal that the electronegativity of the M element is a good indicator for the energy level of M electronic states. The effects of M-site substitutions on the effective mass and band gap are reflected in measurements of the high temperature electronic properties of Ca_5M_2Sb_6 samples (M = Al, Ga, and In) which reveal increased hole mobility as well as a smaller thermal band gap in the Ga analogue, relative to Ca_5Al_2Sb_6 and Ca_5In_2Sb_6. Optical absorption measurements reveal a trend in the direct band gaps consistent with both calculations and transport measurements. Additionally, a direct benefit of substituting heavier elements on the Al site arises from the increased density and softer lattice, which leads to reduced sound velocity and lattice thermal conductivity.
The effects of beer taxes on physical child abuse

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of alcohol regulation on physical child abuse. Given the positive relationship between alcohol consumption and violence, and the negative relationship between consumption and price, the principal hypothesis to be tested is that an increase in the price of alcohol will lead to a reduction in the incidence of violence. We also examine the effects of illegal drug prices and alcohol availability on the incidence of child abuse. Equations are estimated separately for mothers and fathers, and include state fixed effects. Results indicate that increases in the beer tax may decrease the incidence of violence committed by females but not by males.
Effect of structure of the amino acids and amines on the rate and mechanism of their condensations with pyridoxal

Kinetics and mechanism of condensation of amino acids and amines of different structure and their derivatives with pyridoxal were studied. It was established that the amino acid with secondary amino group, proline, adds to pyridoxal with the formation of amino alcohol. α-Amino acids in the course of condensation with pyridoxal form amino alcohols which transform to Schiff bases. The latter compounds by elimination of the α-hydrogen atom or CO2 from the amino acid fragment and the subsequent hydrolysis of the quinoid structure form the final products. β- And ɛ-amino acids react with pyridoxal to form Schiff bases which are stable to chemical transformations. The possibility was shown of their conversion to the quinoid structure. It was established that the guanidine structure of the molecule of L-arginine unlike its α-NH2 group did not take part in the condensation with pyridoxal. The quantitative evaluation of the condensation rates of triptamine, Ltriptofane, and its methyl ester in the stage of dehydration of their amino alcohols was carried out.
Blanching resistant Cu-Cr coating by vacuum plasma spray

Abstract Copper alloy rocket engine combustion chamber linings have been found to deteriorate when exposed to cyclic reducing oxidizing (redox) environments, which are a consequence of the combustion process. The deterioration, known as blanching, can be characterized by increased roughness and burn-through sites in the wall of the combustion chamber lining and can seriously reduce the operational lifetime of the combustion chamber. A Cu−30 vol.%Cr coating produced by vacuum plasma spraying was effective in protecting the copper alloy substrate against blanching. The coating properties were characterized after cyclic oxidation exposure to 650°C in air followed by high pressure hydrogen charging. When exposed to an oxidizing environment at high temperatures, the coating formed a protective chromia scale that was substantially unreduced by high pressure hydrogen.
Performance analysis of reciprocating magnetic liquefiers

One of the goals of the study of magnetic refrigeration is to find an alternative method of refrigeration capable of fulfilling cooling needs more efficiently than conventional refrigeration systems. To achieve this, it is necessary to produce component data, design and build test devices, and analyze the concepts. Published research has mostly covered three areas: (1) development of high performance magnetic working materials; (2) experimental studies of magnetic liquefaction and refrigeration; and (3) theoretical studies of magnetic systems. A calculation of efficiency for a general magnetic cycle indicated that magnetic refrigeration can potentially have an efficiency better than that of comparable gas refrigerators. Other studies indicated that high reliability can be obtained by magnetic refrigerators in the foreseeable future. This paper presents simplified models capable of predicting the performance limits of reciprocating magnetic liquefiers. Analyses of specific prototypes are carried out by taking into account the multiple mechanisms which affect the performance. The computer models developed in the course of the analysis are primarily used for preliminary screening of magnetic refrigerators and how they can be used in hydrogen liquefaction systems.
Revisiting the Hubbert–Rubey pore pressure model for overthrust faulting: Inferences from bedding-parallel detachment surfaces within Middle Devonian gas shale, the Appalachian Basin, USA

Abstract Both bedding-parallel slickensides and cleavage duplexes are forms of mesoscopic-scale detachment faulting populating black (Marcellus and Geneseo/Burket) and intervening gray (Mahantango) shales of the Middle Devonian, a section known for abnormal pore pressure below the Appalachian Plateau. The abundance and the orientation of slickensides and cleavage duplexes in the more organic-rich black shale relative to gray shale suggests that maturation-related abnormal pore pressure facilitates detachment, a mesoscopic manifestation of the Hubbert–Rubey pore pressure model for overthrust faulting. The former are discrete slip surfaces whereas the latter consists of nested, anastomosing slip surfaces, either cutting through bedding or on disrupted bedding surfaces stacked as mesoscopic versions of thrust duplexes. Cleavage duplexes are between a few cm and over 1 m thick with their hanging walls commonly transported toward the Appalachian foreland, regardless of local limb dip. Cleavage duplexes are most common near the stratigraphic maximum flooding surface, the organic-rich section most prone to develop maturation-related pore pressure in the Middle Devonian gas shales. Bedding-parallel slickensides are somewhat more evenly distributed in the black shale but also found in overlying gray shale. In both black and gray shales, slickensides are more abundant on the limbs of folds, an indication of pore-pressure-related flexural-slip folding. On the macroscopic scale, the Pine Mountain Block of the Southern Appalachian Mountains was enabled by a basal detachment cutting along the Upper Devonian Chattanooga black shale which has a thermal maturity sufficient for the generation of abnormal pore pressure. The Pine Mountain block is a large-scale overthrust showing little evidence of collapse of the hinterland side, a credible example of a pore-pressure-aided overthrust fault block of the type envisioned by the Hubbert–Rubey model.
Activation of copulatory behavior by androgen implanted into the preoptic area of the male fowl

Abstract The site in the brain upon which androgen acts to activate male copulatory behavior in the fowl was investigated. Each of 59 castrate male domestic fowl (capons) received an implant of testosterone propionate in the forebrain. Copulatory behavior was exhibited by 14 of 19 birds bearing implants in the preoptic area, however, little or none of the normally associated courtship or aggressive behavior was observed. None of the 40 capons with implants in other areas of the brain exhibited any copulatory behavior. Since implants of cholesterol in the preoptic area of 6 capons was without effect and since no correlation was found between occurrence of behavior and systemic effects stemming from TP implants, it was concluded that androgen normally acts on the preoptic area in the male fowl to activate copulatory behavior, but not courtship or aggressive behavior.
Interval and Scale Effect Algebras

p ( qand p ( q ( r are defined and p ( q ( r s p ( q ( r. .iii Orthosupplement Law: For every p g E there exists a unique q g E such that p ( q is defined and p ( q s u. .iv Zero-One Law :I f p ( uis defined, then p s 0.
Rietveld refinement of magnetic structures from pulsed-neutron-source powder-diffraction data

The General Structure Analysis System, GSAS, has recently been modified to include magnetic neutron-scattering cross-sections. Low-temperature diffraction data have been taken on the hexagonal noncollinear antiferromagnet UPdSn on both the HIPD and the NPD powder diffractometers at LANSCE. The low-resolution data reveal that the magnetic structure has orthorhombic symmetry between 23 K and 37 K, and monoclinic symmetry below 23 K. The high-resolution data reveal that there are structural distortions with corresponding symmetry changes in each of these phases, while the paramagnetic phase above 37 K remains hexagonal. Using GSAS, we have refined data sets from both diffractometers simultaneously, including both magnetic and structural cross-sections. The magnetic results from Rietveld refinement are in good agreement with model fitting to the integrated intensities of seven independent magnetic reflections and these, in turn, agree with measurements made on the same sample using the constant-wavelength reactor technique.
Micro-kinetics of NO x storage and reduction with H 2 /CO/C 3 H 6 on Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 monolith catalysts

Abstract Isothermal steady state NOx storage and reduction on Pt/BaO/Al2O3 by H2/CO/C3H6 reactant mixtures is studied using, 1 + 1 dimensional two-phase model that accounts for washcoat diffusional limitations. It predicts the storage and reduction performance over a wide range of inlet feed concentrations and temperatures. A major limitation of global kinetic models is not being able to predict accurately the performance of the catalyst with changing feed composition. Micro-kinetic models elucidating the role of individual reductants can account for such variations. The temperature dependence of the rate constants has been quantified so that the surface chemistry is consistent with experimental observations. Inclusion of washcoat diffusion enables the model to accurately predict the NOx conversion and scale-up performance of the catalyst over a wide temperature range. The sensitivity of the estimated kinetic parameters to the effective diffusivities in the washcoat is analyzed. Results indicate that the estimated micro-kinetic parameters are influenced by the washcoat pore structure as well as the properties of the catalytic and storage components.
Histology and ultrastructure of the olfactory organ of the freshwater pulmonate Helisoma trivolvis

The olfactory organ of Helisoma trivolvis is located on the surface of the body at the base of the cephalic tentacles. An evagination of skin, the olfactory plica, at the base of the tentacle extends over the olfactory organ dorsally. The epithelium of the olfactory organs contains unspecialized epithelial cells, ciliated epithelial cells, basal cells, mucous secretory cells, and sensory dendrites. The surface of the epithelium has a complex brush border of thick plasmatic processes, which branch to form several terminal microvillar twigs. Long slender cytoplasmic processes form a dense spongy layer among the plasmatic processes beneath the level of the terminal twigs. Bipolar primary sensory neurons clustered beneath the epithelium of the olfactory organ send dendrites through the epithelium to the free surface. Some sensory endings have a few short cilia, but most bear only microvilli. Cilia of sensory endings and epithelial cells extend beyond the brush border of the epithelium. Small axons arise from the perikarya of the sensory neurons and enter a branch of the olfactory nerve. HRP tracing indicates that the axons pass to the cerebral ganglion without interruption. Histochemical tests indicate that the sensory neurons are neither aminergic nor cholinergic.
Natural experimentation is a challenging method for identifying headache triggers.

Objective In this study, we set out to determine whether individual headache sufferers can learn about the potency of their headache triggers (causes) using only natural experimentation. Background Headache patients naturally use the covariation of the presence-absence of triggers with headache attacks to assess the potency of triggers. The validity of this natural experimentation has never been investigated. A companion study has proposed 3 assumptions that are important for assigning causal status to triggers. This manuscript examines one of these assumptions, constancy in trigger presentation, using real-world conditions. Methods The similarity of day-to-day weather conditions over 4 years, as well as the similarity of ovarian hormones and perceived stress over a median of 89 days in 9 regularly cycling headache sufferers, was examined using several available time series. An arbitrary threshold of 90% similarity using Gower's index identified similar days for comparison. Results The day-to-day variability in just these 3 headache triggers is substantial enough that finding 2 naturally similar days for which to contrast the effect of a fourth trigger (eg, drinking wine vs not drinking wine) will only infrequently occur. Fluctuations in weather patterns resulted in a median of 2.3 days each year that were similar (range 0-27.4). Considering fluctuations in stress patterns and ovarian hormones, only 1.5 days/month (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.9) and 2.0 days/month (95% confidence interval 1.9-2.2), respectively, met our threshold for similarity. Conclusion Although assessing the personal causes of headache is an age-old endeavor, the great many candidate triggers exhibit variability that may prevent sound conclusions without assistance from formal experimentation or statistical balancing.
Two views of brain function

Traditionally studies of brain function have focused on task-evoked responses. By their very nature, such experiments tacitly encourage a reflexive view of brain function. Although such an approach has been remarkably productive, it ignores the alternative possibility that brain functions are mainly intrinsic, involving information processing for interpreting, responding to and predicting environmental demands. Here I argue that the latter view best captures the essence of brain function, a position that accords well with the allocation of the brain's energy resources. Recognizing the importance of intrinsic activity will require integrating knowledge from cognitive and systems neuroscience with cellular and molecular neuroscience where ion channels, receptors, components of signal transduction and metabolic pathways are all in a constant state of flux.
In vitro studies of post mortem neural tissue in subacute selerosing panecephalitis (SSPE)

In vitro studies of post mortem neural tissue in subacute selerosing panecephalitis (SSPE)
Photochemistry of MLCT excited states. Effect of nonchromophoric ligand variations on photophysical properties in the series cis-Ru(bpy)2L22+

Proprietes photophysiques des etats excites (transfert de charge metal a coordinat) emissifs, a vie courte, d'une serie de complexes cis-Ru(bpy) 2 L 2+ , (L= pyridine, pyridazine, 1/2, phenanthroline, 1/2 bipyridine, N'-methylimidazole, (amine-2 ethyl)-2 pyridine)
Applying geometric sensor and scene models for range image understanding

For a robot to operate intelligently under sensor control in the real world, it must interpret its sensory inputs to create a model of its environment. Because the data is generally incomplete and errorful, additional knowledge must be applied to derive useful interpretations. One source of such data is knowledge about the sensors themselves; the ideal data returned from a sensor is a function of the environment and the pose and other parameters of the sensor (such as the focal length of a camera). The actual result is some corruption of the ideal result by noise or other error processes. In this work, the functions 'computed' by a range sensor are explicitly represented as geometric objects and relationships in the 3D FORM geometric reasoning system. Models for the output of independent edge segmentation and surface segmentation are described, and unified into an overall range-object model. In addition, visibility and projection relationships are used to predict the visibility of hypothesized object parts, and to refine the estimates of the cameras' positions. The resulting object description can be specialized, completed, and matched with other objects using existing 3D FORM capabilities.
Low reynolds number combustion of a spherical carbon particle

Abstract A theory is presented for the steady combustion of a spherical carbon particle in the slow viscous flow of an oxidizing ambient. Heterogeneous surface reactions produce radial convection and diffusion from the particle, which couples with the ambient convection to affect the rate of particle mass loss. In the theory, a small Reynolds number characterizes the ambient convection. However, the radial convection, associated with the particle mass loss, is not necessarily small. The gas stream function and chemical species are described. The emphasis is upon explicit analytical relationships for particle mass loss rates that can be used to interpret experimental observations.
Cell Phone Utilization Among Foreign-Born Latinos: A Promising Tool for Dissemination of Health and HIV Information

Latinos in the US are disproportionately affected by HIV and are at risk for late presentation to care. Between June 2011 and January 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 209 Baltimore Latinos at community-based venues to evaluate the feasibility of using information communication technology-based interventions to improve access to HIV testing and education within the Spanish-speaking community in Baltimore. Participants had a median age of 33 years interquartile range (IQR) (IQR 28–42), 51.7 % were male, and 95.7 % were foreign-born. Approximately two-thirds (63.2 %) had been in the US less than 10 years and 70.1 % had been previously tested for HIV. Cell phone (92.3 %) and text messaging (74.2 %) was used more than Internet (52.2 %) or e-mail (42.8 %) (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, older age and lower education were associated with less utilization of Internet, e-mail and text messaging, but not cell phones. Interest was high for receiving health education (73.1 %), HIV education (70.2 %), and test results (68.8 %) via text messaging. Innovative cell phone-based communication interventions have the potential to link Latino migrants to HIV prevention, testing and treatment services.
Update on Pain Management in Sickle Cell Disease

Acute pain is the hallmark of sickle cell disease and is the most common cause of hospital admissions. Tissue damage due to vaso-occlusion releases numerous inflammatory mediators that initiate the transmission of painful stimuli that culminate in the perception of pain. The acute sickle cell painful crisis evolves along four phases. Each phase is coupled with changes in certain markers of the disease. Hospital readmission occurs within 1 week in about 16% of discharged patients and within 1 month in about 50% of discharged patients. Failure to treat acute pain aggressively may lead to chronic pain syndrome which, in turn, initiates neuropathic pain. Management of sickle pain is primarily pharmacological in nature and opioids are the analgesics used most often. Adverse effects of opioids include histaminergic, excitatory, dopaminergic and proserotonergic effects. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of opioids explain individual differences among patients and justify the use of individualized treatment plans.
Differences in human α-, β- and δ-globin gene expression in monkey kidney cells

We have compared the function of the human alpha-, beta- and delta-globin genes using various plasmid expression vectors derived from pBR322. Amplification of recombinants occurred after their introduction, by calcium-phosphate-mediated DNA transfer, into monkey kidney cells that constitutively produce T antigen (COS cells). The human alpha-globin gene promoter functioned independently, but the beta-globin gene promoter was nearly totally dependent on the enhancing activity of the 72 bp direct repeats from the SV40 genome. Furthermore, when the human alpha- and beta-globin genes were linked in the same vector, the alpha promoter was active but the beta promoter was not. Function of the delta-globin gene promoter also depended on the enhancer element. In vectors containing the 72 bp repeats and the beta- or delta-globin gene, the activity of the beta-globin gene was approximately 50 times greater than that of the delta-globin gene, approximating the ratio of beta and delta mRNA observed in normal human bone marrow cells.
Trisomy 2p syndrome: A fetus with anencephaly and postaxial polydactyly

We report on a male fetus with partial trisomy 2p21-2pter and monosomy 15q26-15qter due to t(2,15)(p21;q26). This fetus had a typical trisomy 2p phenotype including minor facial anomalies, musculoskeletal defects and two unusual findings: polydactyly and anencephaly. The observation of anencephaly adds support to the theory that genetic material mapping to chromosome band 2p24 is involved in neural tube development. In addition, we propose that a gene on 2p23 may play a role in the morphogenetic patterning of hands and feet.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the human β1-adrenergic receptor 5′-flanking promoter region

Abstract We present 3.1 kb of the nucleotide sequence from the 5′-flanking region of the human β 1 -adrenergic receptor gene. The first 1.0 kb upstream from the translational start site is composed of 72% G + C residues. The sequence was analyzed for the presence of transcriptional regulatory elements and contains putative thyroid hormone, glucocorticoid hormone and cAMP response elements. These putative hormone response elements support physiological evidence that thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones regulate β 1 AR function by affecting receptor expression in tissues such as heart and adipose, where β 1 -adrenergic receptors are important regulators of heart rate and lipolysis, respectively.