cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalisation of a Disturbance Minimization Scheme

In this paper, authors' previous work on nonlinear disturbance accommodation is generalized. The applicability of controllers to minimise the effects of deterministic waveform type disturbances is extended by designing observers for more general classes of nonlinear systems.
The silent vigil: a student nonviolent demonstration

A student demonstration at Duke University following the assassination of Martin Luther King was unique for its nonviolent nature and effectiveness. Beginning spontaneously as an expression of grief, it grew into a focused support for the right of nonacademic employees to minimum wages and collective bargaining. This paper documents the demonstration and analyzes group and situational factors, student attitudes, and dynamic factors of adolescence.
Effects of Phasor Measurement Uncertainty on Power Line Outage Detection

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology pro- videsan effective tooltoenhance the wide-areamonitoring systems (WAMSs) in power grids. Although extensive studies have been conducted to develop several PMU applications in power systems (e.g., state estimation, oscillation detection and control, voltage stability analysis, and line outage detection), the uncertainty aspects of PMUs have not been adequately investigated. This paper focuses on quantifying the impact of PMU uncertainty on power line outage detection and identification, in which a limited number of PMUs installed at a subset of buses are utilized to detect and identify the line outage events. Specifically, the line outage detection problem is formulated as a multi-hypothesis test, and a general Bayesian criterion is used for the detection procedure, in which the PMU uncertainty is analytically charac- terized. We further apply the minimum detection error criterion for the multi-hypothesis test and derive the expected detection error probability in terms of PMU uncertainty. The framework proposed provides fundamental guidance for quantifying the effects of PMU uncertainty on power line outage detection. Case studies are provided to validate our analysis and show how PMU uncertainty influences power line outage detection.
Trial-two goal arm alternation to orientation of trial-one starting stem

Post-hoc analysis of data from a previously reported expert ment revealed a tendency for rats to choose, on trial 2, that goal arm of a T-maze allowing movement in a direction opposite that afforded by the orientation of the starting stem of a different maze used on trial 1. This surprising effect, which was also obtained in a second, somewhat different, experiment, extends Douglas’s finding of direction of movement as a cue for spontaneous alternation behavior, but also poses a problem for the procedure Douglas developed for neutralizing that cue.
Single crystal data for “TlOF” and Tl2O3

Abstract Single crystals of Tl 2 O 3 and “TlOF” have been prepared. Electrical resistivity measurements on crystals showed low resistivities (∼10 −4 ohm-cm at room temperature) for both Tl 2 O 3 and “TlOF”. Single crystal x-ray data on “TlOF” indicate the space group I432, I43m, or Im3m.
Structural analysis of large scale problems using a microcomputer

A successful implementation of user‐friendly large scale finite element (SNAP/FE) and boundary element (SNAP/BE) structural numerical analysis programs on an IBM PC with 256 kbyte of internal memory and two 360 kbyte disk drives is reported. The key to this adaptation was the use of split BASIC—FORTRAN operation, highly efficient compacted matrix storage schemes and equally efficient element‐by‐element (EBE) in‐core and out‐of‐core solution schemes. The effectiveness of the in‐core SNAP/FE program is demonstrated for the stress analysis of a 288 degrees of freedom space truss model and a 179 degrees of freedom plane elasticity model of a gear tooth. In principle, however, SNAP/FE has the capability to solve virtually any size problems currently employing 3‐D truss, beam, membrane or thick shell elements.
Bayesian control in mixture models

The problem is to choose values for independent variables in a regression mixture model with the intent of controlling the output toward a specified target value. This problem is posed as a Bayesian decision problem. The calculation of Bayes rules is shown to require solution of a quadratic programming problem. An example based on an article by Snee (1981) concerning gasoline blends is discussed.
Michael addition kinetics of ethyl acetoacetate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in ionic liquids

Abstract The Michael addition is one of the most common and versatile methods for making carbon–carbon bonds, however little is known about the potential of utilizing ionic liquids as solvents in these reactions. Initial work from our laboratory is presented, showing that model imidazolium- and phosphonium-based ionic liquid solvents can be used as effective reaction media in the Michael addition. Kinetic data are also reported and the results indicate that the use of ionic liquids as reaction media resulted in an observed rate enhancement when compared with more common organic solvents such as toluene, THF, and DMF. Observed rates were comparable to those observed in DMSO.
Stress Independence of Poisson's Ratio and Divergence-Free Body Forces

In simply connected bodies, the compatibility conditions in 2D elasticity are independent of Poisson's ratio (and hence there is a reduction in the number of constants) for divergence-free body forces for the boundary-value problem of traction. It is shown that that for divergence-free body forces in two fields with different compliances and the same stress (hence, inducing a reduction in constants and independence of Poisson's ratio) the displacements differ by a field that is a solution for λ + 2μ = 0, where λ and μ are the Lame constants for the elastic material, which is a constant rotation. Seen from another aspect, in a Cosserat spectral orthogonal and complete decomposition of the stress [12], the terms associated with Poisson's ratio in the stress representation have as coefficient the inner product of the body force with a displacement which is an eigenfunction at λ + 2μ = 0. This displacement is orthogonal to a divergence- free body force vector, which results in the vanishing of the coefficient of the Poisson's ratio dependence term in the orthogonal decomposition. Due to the completeness and orthogonality of the eigenfunctions, divergence-free body force is a necessary and sufficient condition for stress independence of Poisson's ratio in simply connected 2D bodies, while for multiply connected ones, the Michell generalized conditions also have to be satisfied, as shown here as well. Thus, both approaches, the CLM [1] theorem, which deals with reduction of constants, and the Cosserat spectral decomposition, which shows explicitly the material dependence of the solution, lead to the same conditions for stress independence of Poisson's ratio both for simply connected and multiply connected 2D bodies.
Development of the Patient-Centered Recovery Resource System for Veterans on Long-term Mental Health Medications

The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to develop, with and for Veterans on long-term mental health medication regimens, a resource to promote self-management behavior. Focus groups were conducted with 19 outpatient Veterans who were self-administering their medications. Five themes emerged that informed the structure and content of the Recovery Resource System. Additional focus groups with 15 outpatient Veterans were conducted to evaluate the Recovery Resource System. Veterans assessed it to be flexible, dynamic, adaptable, and user-friendly. The goal of this patient-driven, patient-centered Recovery Resource System is to improve health outcomes and quality of life among those with chronic mental disorders.
Characteristics of Pulse-Labeled Ribonucleic Acid in Relation to Medium pH and Acetate Concentration During Meiosis of Yeast

Cellular impermeability associated with sporulating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is caused by a rapid increase in the medium pH. Three factors have been identified as being important in regulating the rise in medium pH: 1) the cell density, 2) the potassium acetate concentration of the sporulation medium, and 3) and initial pH below 6.0. Sporulation conditions were established for strain 4579 which resulted in optimum uptake of 3H-adenine at T7, a period when the cells would be normally impermeable. Pulse-labeled polysomal RNA was characterized at T4 in naturally permeable cells of strain SK-1 and impermeable cells which required manipulation of the medium pH to facilitate uptake. Transfer ribonucleic acid (RNA), poly A-containing RNA and ribosomal RNA were synthesized in both cultures during the 20 min pulse. Furthermore, the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing into functional ribosomes approached the rate reported for vegetative cells. Initial sporulation conditions which caused a prolonged delay in the rise in medium pH adversely affected the kinetics of appearance and number of ascospores. The affect was shown to be on meiotic events since a reduction of sporulation was always accompanied by a reduction in the amount of intragenic recombination.
Nonnegative Anisotropic Group Cross Sections: A Hybrid Monte Carlo-Discrete Elements-Discrete Ordinates Approach

Conventional discrete ordinates transport calculations often produce negative fluxes due to unphysical negative scattering cross sections and/or as artifacts of spatial differencing schemes such as...
The isolation and nucleation of misfit dislocations in strained epitaxial layers grown on patterned, ion-damaged GaAs

As shown previously, the misfit dislocation density of strained epitaxial III–V layers can be significantly reduced by isolating sections (via patterned etching) of a GaAs substrate before epitaxial growth. A disadvantage of this technique is that the wafer surface is no longer planar, which can complicate subsequent device fabrication. As an alternative, we have investigated growth of 350 nm of In0.5Ga{0.95}As by molecular beam epitaxy at two temperatures on substrates which were patterned and selectively damaged by Xe ion implantation (300 keV, 1015 cm2). Selectively etched substrates were prepared as reference samples as well. The propagation of the misfit dislocations was stopped by the ion-implanted regions of the low growth temperature (400° C) material, but the damaged portions also acted as copious nucleation sources. The resulting dislocation structure was highly anisotropic, with dislocation lines occurring in virtually only one direction. At the higher growth temperature (500° C) the defect density fell, but the ion damaged sections no longer blocked dislocation glide. Images from cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy show thatthe low growth temperature material has a dislocation density of 70,000 cm-1 in the 110 direction and less than 10,000 cm-1 in the 110 direction. Ion channeling and x-ray diffraction show that strain is relieved in only one direction. The strain relief is consistent with the relief derived from TEM dislocation counts and Burgers vector determination. However, even this high dislocation count is not sufficient to reach the expected equilibrium strain. Reasons for the anisotropy are discussed.
Nucleic acid synthesis in Rhynchosciara hollaenderi polytene chromosomes: I. Dose response and temporal sequence after injection of 20-hydroxy-ecdysone

Injection of various doses of 20-hydroxyecdysone into 30-day old Rhynchosciara hollaenderi female larvae resulted in enhancement of DNA synthesis in salivary gland chromosomes with doses 0.002 μg/mg or greater and in the induction of DNA puffs in the same tissue with doses of 0.01 μg/mg or greater. Higher incorporation of label at the DNA puff sites was observed only with doses 0.02 μg/mg or greater. In all cases, a lag period of 6–10 hr was observed before the response to the injected 20-hydroxyecdysone was detected. The number of cells responding and the length of time spent in synthesis were dose dependent. Malpighian tubules were refractory to 20-hydroxyecdysone.
First impressions in a glowing host-microbe partnership.

Despite the clear significance of beneficial animal-microbe associations, mechanisms underlying their initiation and establishment are rarely understood. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Kremer et al. (2013) reveal that first contact within the squid-vibrio symbiosis triggers profound molecular and chemical changes that are crucial for bacterial colonization.
In Vivo Evaluation of a Decellularized Limbal Graft for Limbal Reconstruction

Corneal and limbal epithelial function is highly dependent on its underlying matrix. In this study, we report the in vitro and in vivo effects of a decellularized limbal matrix on corneal and limbal epithelial differentiation and repair. We demonstrate that a limbal matrix helps to maintain epithelial cells in a more proliferative and less differentiated state. We introduce a novel focal injury model to the limbus using an excimer laser and further show that transplanting a decellularized limbal graft after the limbal injury helps to promote epithelialization and reduce corneal haze formation. These results suggest that a decellularized limbal graft may be therapeutically beneficial in clinical cases of focal limbal deficiency.
Cities in growth and decline

Abstract Urban growth and change in post-second world war USA has been on a dramatic scale, giving rise to a large (and continually expanding) library of books on urbanization, suburbanization, counterurbanization, the rise of the ‘sunbelt’ cities and the decline of ‘frostbelt’ cities. A recent book from the UK reveals an uncanny similarity with trends in that country.
Mortality and time to extubation in severe hospital-acquired pneumonia

Background This study examined predictors of in-hospital mortality and time to extubation among patients with acute, severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Patients with HAP prospectively identified between June 2001 and May 2003 were included in the study if they (1) met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's definition for HAP, (2) were treated in the ICU within 1 day of the HAP diagnosis, and (3) required intubation acutely or had a bloodstream infection within 48 hours of the HAP diagnosis. Results The cohort included 219 patients, 83 of whom died (37.9%). Independent predictors of mortality included cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7 to 10.5), age over 60 years (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3 to 5.6), APACHE-II score >15 (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0 to 4.1), and receiving care in the medical ICU (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1 to 8.2). The following predictors were associated with an increased time to extubation: receipt of vancomycin (1.81-fold increase; P = .001), immunocompromised status (1.92-fold increase; P = .07), and treatment in the surgical or neurosurgical ICU (1.95-fold increase, P = .01; 1.83-fold increase, P = .03). Conclusion Vancomycin was associated with increased time to extubation. Alternatives to vancomycin for treating patients with acute, severe HAP should be studied.
Accountability Begins at Home

On July 13, 2014, the director and producer of Midnight Rider turned themselves in to the Wayne County (Georgia) Sheriff's Department after being charged with involuntary manslaughter and criminal ...
Mutagenic and carcinogenic potency of diesel and related environmental emissions: Salmonella bioassay

Abstract Due to the expected increase in the percentage of diesel vehicles in the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency must evaluate the health effects associated with exposure to diesel emissions. Respirable particles from a variety of combustion sources have the potential of being carcinogenic and mutagenic. The objective of these studies was to determine the relative biological activity of the organic material adsorbed on these particles in in vitro mutagenesis bioassays. The organic extracts from the following series of emission sources were bioassayed in the Salmonella assay for mutagenic activity: (1) a light-duty Oldsmobile diesel 350 engine; (2) a heavy-duty Caterpillar diesel engine; (3) a light-duty Nissan engine; (4) a Volkswagen Rabbit diesel engine; (5) cigarette smoke; (6) roofing tar; (7) coke oven; and (8) a gasoline catalyst Mustang. This paper provides a comparison of these sources within the Salmonella bioassay and also demonstrates how bacterial systems can be used as a quality assurance measure in in vivo testing.
Serum luteinizing hormone, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I after releasing hormone challenge in prepubertal ewe lambs selected for twinning

Abstract Two studies evaluated hormonal markers as indicators of the onset of puberty in Debouillet sheep selected for twinning. In Trial 1, 29 ewe lambs (50 ± 0.5 kg, 159 to 187 d of age) were given 10 μg GnRH (iv) on September 15 and blood was collected at 30 min intervals after the injection for 2 h. Additional samples were taken twice weekly and progesterone (P4) was measured. The day that serum P4 was greater than 1 ng/mL for 2 consecutive sampling days was classified as the day of puberty. Average day of puberty was October 12 (average age at puberty was 199 d) and ewes with values less or greater than the average were classified as early or late, respectively. Average weight at GnRH challenge was 50 kg and ewes weighing less or more were classified as light or heavy, respectively. Early ewes weighed more (P = 0.01) and reached puberty sooner (P = 0.01) than late ewes. Heavy lambs reached puberty earlier, weighed more at GnRH challenge, and had more LH area under the curve (AUC, P 0.15). Results suggest that serum LH after GnRH is not a reliable indicator of the onset of puberty in ewe lambs selected for twinning, but heavier ewes tended to produce more GH after a GHRH challenge and reach puberty earlier than lighter ewe lambs.
Biases in AMIP model simulations of the east China monsoon system

AMIP model simulations of the east China (5–50°N; 105–122°E) monsoon system are analyzed to study coherent relationships between rainfall and wind annual cycle biases. A comparison with observed interannual variability patterns is carried out to identify the physical processes that explain the biases. The analyses show that poleward displacement of the simulated east Asian jet stream causes the ascending branch of the jet-induced transverse circulation to move north and, as a consequence, produces negative (positive) rainfall biases occur in central (northeast) China. The model simulations show decreased southwesterly flow and ITCZ rainfall over the South China Sea when weaker (versus observations) summer Hadley and Walker circulations are present. This results from diminished model tropical disturbance activity, and highlights the importance of air-sea interactions. In addition, during October–January, intensified model low-level easterlies enhance moisture transport and produce positive local rainfall biases over central and northeast China. Biases in the east China monsoon system are concurrently reflected in the planetary circulation. Enhanced northeast China rainfall results from increased surface pressure over the North Pacific and an amplified zonal pressure gradient along the east China coast. This bias pattern is associated with differences in model representations of topography. On the other hand, the South China Sea experiences an extensive elongated meridional rainfall bias dipole structure that straddles the equator. This is accompanied by a baroclinic vertical pattern over the tropics as well as a barotropic wave train that extends from Australia to the Antarctic, where the teleconnection is likely a direct atmospheric response to tropical convective heating.
On some accurate bounds for the quantiles of a non-central chi squared distribution☆

The quantiles of the central and non-central chi squared distributions cannot be expressed as explicit functions of the non-centrality parameter. We give in this paper an approximation of these quantiles in terms of the non-centrality parameter; this approximation is surprisingly good for the median.
Taxonomy of Quercus crassifolia (Fagaceae) and morphologically similar species in Mexico

In this work, ten species morphologically similar to Q. crassifolia are circumscribed based on a phylogenetic species concept. Examination of these species suggests that Q. dysophylla and Q. radiata are of hybrid origin; the putative parents of Q. dysophylla are Q. crassifolia and Q. crassipes, while Q. radiata is likely the result of hybridization between Q. coccolobifolia and Q. conzattii or Q. urbanii. A lectotype of Q. crassifolia is designated here. Dichotomous keys, as well as distribution ranges and photographs, are presented.
Die Anwendung von Prostaglandin E1 bei mikrovaskulären Rekonstruktionen der oberen Extremität nach Akuttraumen

The operative treatment of hand and upper extremity trauma with injury of main vessels becomes a daily standard work in trauma and microsurgical replantation centers. The techniques of vessel and soft tissue reconstruction are well known. The outcome of the replantation depends on various factors. Main influences are the intraoperative status of the vessel wall and the unobstructed flow in the vessel after the operation. Another factor for successful replantation is the homeostasis of the patient. It can be influenced by many drugs which are applied according to a replantation schema. Aim of this therapy is the correction of the rheologic properties of a patient. In a patient group of 25 treated with Prostaglandin E1 (Prostavasin) we observed better wound healing with a 80% rate of successful replantation and microvascular vessel reconstruction.
Concurrent and Construct Validity of Oral Language Measures With School-Age Children With Specific Language Impairment

Purpose This study investigated the psychometric properties of 2 oral language measures that are commonly used for diagnostic purposes with school-age children who have language impairments. Method Two hundred sixteen children with specific language impairment were assessed with the Test of Language Development—Primary, Third Edition (TOLD–P:3; Newcomer & Hammill, 1997) and the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL; Carrow-Woolfolk, 1999) within a 3-month period. The concurrent and construct validities of these 2 published tests were explored through correlation analysis and principle-component factor analysis. Results The TOLD–P:3 Spoken Language Quotient and CASL Core Composite scores were found to have an intertest correlation value of r = .596 within this sample, and a paired samples t test revealed a statistically significant difference between these scores. Principle-component factor analyses revealed a 2-factor structure solution for the TOLD–P:3, whereas data from the CASL supported a ...
Some Models of Control with Fractional Brownian Motions

Abstract In this paper the family of fractional Brownian motions are described and some of the wide variety of physical applications of these processes are noted. Some control models for systems driven by fractional Brownian motions are given. The graduate education value for these processes is also noted.
Thoracic Duct Drainage in Sle with Cutaneous Vasculitis

A 25-year-old woman had systemic lupus erythematosus manifested primarily by severe cutaneous vasculitis that was unresponsive to oral prednisone and azathioprine. She was treated with thoracic duct drainage (TDD). Her course was followed by serial photographs, skin biopsies, and serum immunoglobulin, antinuclear antibody, and complement levels. After 1 week of drainage there was obvious clinical improvement. During the remainder of her drainage, the vasculitis continued to improve. It was possible to taper oral corticosteroids and to discontinue azathioprine during TDD without any clinical or laboratory evidence of exacerbation. The patient had no recurrence of vasculitis 22 weeks after the termination of TDD.
Hochenantioselektive Hydrierung cyclische Enolacetate mit einem Rhodium-PennPhos-Komplex

Der elektronenreiche, konformativ starre (R,S,R,S)-Me-PennPhos-Ligand (siehe Formel) scheint Rhodium zu chelatisieren und klar definierte chirale Bindungstaschen zu bilden. Dies ermoglicht bei der Hydrierung eine Differenzierung der beiden am Substrat moglichen enantiotopen Angriffe. Der Rh-Me-PennPhos-Komplex ist der erste Katalysator fur die hochenantioselektive asymmetrische Hydrierung cyclischer Enolacetate. So kann 3,4-Dihydronaphth-1-ylacetat mit bis zu 99 % ee hydriert werden.
Electron microprobe and optical absorption study of colored kyanites.

The characteristic blue color of the mineral kyanite is shown to be caused by traces of Ti +++ in the range of a few parts per million. Evidence from the intensity and position of optical absorption bands indicates that the unusually intense color probably arises from electron delocalization into narrow d-bands.
Comparison of lactate levels in acid-treated and untreated blood and spinal fluid

Abstract Lactate determinations on untreated plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compared with levels in protein-precipitated blood fractions and CSF. There was no difference in plasma levels when the untreated blood samples were placed on ice immediately and the plasma separated within 15 minutes of sampling. Lactate levels were similar in acid-treated and untreated CSF samples. Plasma and serum lactate concentrations were nearly twice the acid-treated whole blood levels. This difference in lactate levels was due primarily to the lower concentration of lactate in red cell water and not the result of lactate trapping in precipitated solids of acid-treated whole blood.
Atrial Tachysystole (Flutter?) with Apparent Exit Block

A case of atrial tachysystole with apparent exit block is reported in which the basic cycle length of atrial activity is 260 msec. Simultaneous right intra-atrial electrograms show cycle lengths of 510 to 780 msec which are roughly multiples of 260 msec establishing the diagnosis of exit block. Rapid atrial stimulation (1,200/min) to overdrive the rapid ectopic atrial pacemaker was only transiently successful in converting the arrhythmia to atrial fibrillation with a slower ventricular response. Two days later the rhythm converted to normal sinus rhythm (cycle length, 600 msec) with periods of sino-atrial block measuring 2,400 and 1,240 msec. Atrial rate further slowed so that the patient ultimately required a permanent demand pacemaker. The case supports the theory of repetitive discharge from an ectopic atrial pacemaker to explain the mechanism producing atrial tachysystoles that simulate atrial flutter.
Finding cold wakes of hurricanes Gustav, Hanna, and Ike (August – September, 2008) and Katrina (August 2005) using three-day composites of Sea Surface Temperature from TRMM's TMI

In August and September 2008, three hurricanes (Gustav, Hanna, and Ike) formed in the western Atlantic, one right after the other, and headed for the U.S. Three-day composites of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) of the Gulf of Mexico and the western Atlantic during the time of these hurricanes show cold wakes for all three hurricanes: SST after each hurricane is less than SST before each hurricane along and around the hurricane's path (especially to the right of the path) thus creating a cold wake. The cold wake for Ike in the Gulf of Mexico in mid-September has an area where the temperature difference is particularly great. Katrina, the hurricane that devastated New Orleans and parts of the Gulf Coast in August 2005, also has a pronounced cold wake.
An invertebrate (Molluscan) plasma protein that binds to vertebrate immunoglobulins and its potential for yielding false-positives in antibody-based detection systems.

Abstract Commercial immunoassay kits that incorporate monoclonal antibodies are being used increasingly to screen tissues and plasma from invertebrates for the presence of antigens that are taken to be homologues of the vertebrate immunogen. We report the presence of a protein (BgL115r) in the plasma of Riomphalaria glabrata that binds to immunoglobulins from a variety of vertebrates. BgL115r (ca. 230 kD non-reduced, ca. 115 kD reduced on SDS-PAGE) binds to the F(ab′) 2 -region of murine IgG. Binding could be inhibited with high concentrations of N-acetyl- d -glucosamine (GlcNAc). BgLl 15r was found to yield false positive signals in an ELISA based assay.
Effects of Water Volume and Change of Water on Growth and Survival of Yellow Perch

(1973). Effects of Water Volume and Change of Water on Growth and Survival of Yellow Perch. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 115-117.
Pressure and temperature dependences of orthopositronium annihilation rates below the critical temperature of ethane

Abstract We report new results on the pressure and temperature dependences of the pickoff annihilation rates of orthopositronium in ethane below its critical temperature. These data enable a detailed study of the recently discovered enhancement in the annihilation rates of orthopositronium in ethane near 115 amagat at 305.45 K by presenting similar enhancements at several other temperatures below T c .
Review of The Advancement of Learning: Building the Teaching Commons

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflective evaluation of the concept of the teaching commons as presented by authors Huber and Hutchings and to summarize expected outcomes from participation therein.Design/methodology/approach – An appraisal of the book The Advancement of Learning: Building the Teaching Commons is presented to explore the conception of the teaching commons. This review addresses the definition of the teaching commons and explores the establishment of, and participation in, the teaching commons as a means of advancing the scholarship of teaching and learning and for improving student learning.Findings – A fundamental premise is developed suggesting that the development and utilization of a teaching commons will improve teaching and learning through the provision of a defined safeplace for conversations about teaching and learning and specific avenues to share information about teaching innovations for improving student learning. Sustained faculty engagement in a teachin...
Elbow Deformities After Fracture

Abstract Nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle,cubitus varus, cubitus valgus, and fishtail deformity represent particularly challenging problems to the upper extremity surgeon. Although closed or open reduction and pinning of supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus can restore anatomic alignment and avoid anatomic deformities in most cases, closed reduction is still a common form of treatment. In those hopefully few cases in which reduction is less than optimal, or when a good reduction is performed but subsequently lost between follow-up visits, the aforementioned deformities of the distal humerus can develop. Even when anatomic reduction is obtained and held, avascular necrosis of the trochlea may develop, leading to the so-called fishtail deformity. Although not recognized for several years, and when initially recognized, not necessarily taken seriously, fishtail deformity may be one of the more devastating deformities in that it is not correctable by traditional methods of osteotomy. Flexion contracture when present may be treated by standard release; however, when a bony block exists as a result of the shape of the fishtail, nonsurgical options exist and the patient often is left with a permanent loss of motion.
Control of cancer of the uterine cervix by cytologic screening.

Abstract A study of the effectiveness of the Pap smear in the control of cancer of the uterine cervix is presented in terms of long-term time trends in (a) level of population screening, (b) intervals between tests, (c) incidence, (d) mortality, and (e) survivorship. The results suggested that screening has decreased mortality and improved survivorship. A cost-benefit analysis estimated that each year of additional life cost about $300. Suggestions for a practical control program based on cytologic screening are made.
Features of the Lodgepole Needle Miner Parasite Complex in California

In the vicinity of Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California, an outbreak of the lodgepole needle miner, Evagora milleri (Busck), (new combination, Freeman 1960 = Recurvaria milleri Busck – Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), continues unabated subsequent to its discovery in 1947. Although the outbreak is the third in this area since 1940, factors causing periodic increases and declines of E. milleri have not been determined. Climatic changes were found to have initiated and terminated an outbreak of an allied species, Evagora starki (Freeman), (new combination, Freeman 1960 = Recurvaria starki Freeman), on lodgepole pine in Canada (Stark 1959). However, an apparently sustained favorable climate at Yosemite, while perhaps capable of encouraging needle miner outbreaks cannot, as yet, be held responsible for their declines in this region.
Using mathematical programming to assess the relative performance of the health care industry

Unlike conventional methods for evaluating program efficiency, a recently developed mathematical programming technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is able to handle multiple inputs and outputs simultaneously without assigning arbitrary weights and does not require the use of homogeneous measurement units nor a prespecified functional relationship between inputs and outputs. Despite of its unfamiliarity to health care researchers and administrators, this technique is becoming increasingly popular as a means of evaluating relative performance in not-for-profit emities.
Conjugal patterns in Ghana.

The nature of conjugal relationships among Ghanaian women was investigated in this sociological study. 5 types of conjugal unions were delineated: religious marriage (both Christian and Muslim); customary marriage (union established by procedures making it legitimate in terms of the customs and traditions of the social group from which the couple is drawn); civil marriage; and mutual consent unions which can be consensual (implying some degree of stability) or free (implying less stability); or any combination of the above. It was discovered that in both rural and urban Ghana there is a direct association between fertility and type of conjugal union. At all ages women in mutual consent unions have achieved lower fertility levels than women in customary unions. In addition the character of the present conjugal union is also closely related to attitudes women may hold regarding family size with women in mutual consent unions more likely to opt for small families than women in customary or other types of unions. In both rural and urban areas spinsterhood is rare; moreover by age 20 years the majority of Ghanaian women are in some type of union. At every age a higher percentage of urban than rural women has been in 2 or more unions. In rural areas customary marriage is the most popular form. In rural Ghana polygamy is widespread and almost 45% of the current unions are polygamous; by contrast the trend is the opposite for urban women who were overwhelmingly monogamous. There are no major difference or significant trends towards polygamy or monogamy according to type or number of conjugal unions entered but there are rural-urban trends. (Summary in FRE)
The Effects of a Supportive Communication Training Workshop on the Verbal Behavior of Behavior Analysts

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a workshop designed to train behavior analysts to use supportive verbal behavior during distressful situations. Participants were trained to provide descriptive, empathetic and hopeful statements using instructions, rationales, modeling, roleplay, feedback, and rehearsal. A pre-post design was used to analyze the effects of the training on verbal and non-verbal behaviors of four females during simulation scenarios. Results indicate all four participants provided maximum support statements above pre-training levels during posttraining simulation and written assessments. The importance of behavior analysts engaging in supportive behavior, as well as the difficulties involved in measuring constructs such as intent and timing of verbal responses is discussed.
The HtrA protease of Borrelia burgdorferi degrades outer membrane protein BmpD and chemotaxis phosphatase CheX

Summary Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochaetal agent of Lyme disease, codes for a single HtrA protein, HtrABb (BB0104) that is homologous to DegP of Escherichia coli (41% amino acid identity). HtrABb shows physical and biochemical similarities to DegP in that it has the trimer as its fundamental unit and can degrade casein via its catalytic serine. Recombinant HtrABb exhibits proteolytic activity in vitro, while a mutant (HtrABbS198A) does not. However, HtrABb and DegP have some important differences as well. Native HtrABb occurs in both membrane-bound and soluble forms. Despite its homology to DegP, HtrABb could not complement an E. coli DegP deletion mutant. Late stage Lyme disease patients, as well as infected mice and rabbits developed a robust antibody response to HtrABb, indicating that it is a B-cell antigen. In co-immunoprecipitation studies, a number of potential binding partners for HtrABb were identified, as well as two specific proteolytic substrates, basic membrane protein D (BmpD/BB0385) and chemotaxis signal transduction phosphatase CheX (BB0671). HtrABb may function in regulating outer membrane lipoproteins and in modulating the chemotactic response of B. burgdorferi.
Human Impacts on Regional Avian Diversity and Abundance

Patterns of association between humans and biodiversity typically show positive, negative, or negative quadratic relationships and can be described by 3 hypotheses: biologically rich areas that support high human population densities co-occur with areas of high biodiversity (productivity); biodiversity decreases monotonically with increasing human activities (ecosystem stress); and biodiversity peaks at intermediate levels of human influence (intermediate disturbance). To test these hypotheses, we compared anthropogenic land cover and housing units, as indices of human influence, with bird species richness and abundance across the Midwestern United States. We modeled richness of native birds with 12 candidate models of land cover and housing to evaluate the empirical evidence. To assess which species were responsible for observed variation in richness, we repeated our model-selection analysis with relative abundance of each native species as the response and then asked whether natural-history traits were associated with positive, negative, or mixed responses. Native avian richness was highest where anthropogenic land cover was lowest and housing units were intermediate based on model-averaged predictions among a confidence set of candidate models. Eighty-three of 132 species showed some pattern of association with our measures of human influence. Of these species approximately 40% were negatively associated, approximately 6% were positively associated, and approximately 7% showed evidence of an intermediate relationship with human influence measures. Natural- history traits were not closely related to the direction of the relationship between abundance and human influence. Nevertheless, pooling species that exhibited any relationship with human influence and comparing them with unrelated species indicated they were significantly smaller, nested closer to the ground, had shorter incubation and fledging times, and tended to be altricial. Our results support the ecosystem-stress hypothesis for the majority of individual species and for overall species diversity when focusing on anthropogenic land cover. Nevertheless, the great variability in housing units across the land-cover gradient indicates that an intermediate-disturbance relationship is also supported. Our findings suggest preemptive conservation action should be taken, whereby areas with little anthropogenic land cover are given conservation priority. Nevertheless, conservation action should not be limited to pristine landscapes because our results showed that native avian richness and the relative abundance of many species peaked at intermediate housing densities and levels of anthropogenic land cover.
Stock identification of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in US waters: an interdisciplinary approach

Mismatches between biological population structure and management unit boundaries often violate the unit-stock assumption, which can reduce the accuracy and relevance of stock assessment results and lead to ineffective fishery management. Since 1972, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) have been managed in US waters as two units: the Gulf of Maine and the Georges Bank stocks, both of which have experienced recent difficulties in rebuilding. An interdisciplinary review of available biological information was conducted to investigate cod population structure in US waters and to evaluate the biological appropriateness of the current two-stock model. Our review demonstrates that spawning components in the Great South Channel, Nantucket Shoals, southern New England, and Middle Atlantic are more connected with spawning components in the Gulf of Maine than on eastern Georges Bank, with which they are currently managed. Therefore, a modification of current stock boundaries is recommended to provide a more accurate representation of biological population structure. Proposed alternatives divide inshore and offshore spawning components into separate management units, thereby separating the current Georges Bank stock longitudinally. Continued research, including stock composition analysis, is required to evaluate uncertainties, delineate biological stocks, and develop sustainable management practices that account for intrastock diversity (e.g. winter and spring-spawning components that overlap spatially).
Antidepressant class, age, and the risk of deliberate self-harm: a propensity score matched cohort study of SSRI and SNRI users in the USA.

Background The US Food and Drug Administration’s meta-analyses of placebo-controlled antidepressant trials found approximately twice the rate of suicidal behaviors among children and adults aged 24 years and younger who were randomized to receive antidepressant medication than among those who were randomized to placebo. Rates of suicidal behavior were similar for subjects aged 25–64 years whether they received antidepressants or placebo, and subjects aged 65 years or older randomized to antidepressants were found to have lower rates of suicidal behavior. The age-stratified FDA meta-analyses did not have adequate power to investigate rates of suicidal behaviors by antidepressant drug class.
Mathematical analysis of physicochemical processes on catalytic surfaces

The traditional approach followed for mathematically modeling physico-chemical processes on catalytic surfaces in®ol®es the choice of an infinitesimal surface area on the catalyst and formulation of mass balances in®ol®ing adsorbate surface concentrations. Such a strategy is inadequate when the catalytic surface itself changes dynamically ( with respect to adsorbate-dependent surface arrangement of its catalytic atoms and ) hence its characteristic kinetics. A rigorous mathematical framework to model such () processes is presented. The basic postulates of the theory are the a®ailability of 1 a length scale o®er which the local infinitesimal area is of one surface type of another and () 2 a time scale in which changes in fractional co®erage occurring on the length scale in () 1 are deterministically describable by continuous ®ariables. A combination of probability and area-a®eraging is used to arri®e at a deterministic set of partial differential equations for surface concentrations. The resulting equations include reaction and surface diffusion, and new terms such as dilutionraugmentation of surface concentration of species brought about by phase transformation. Such terms are significant in predicting the nonlinear beha®ior of the system and in extracting the kinetics of surface reactions from dynamic data. An application of the theoretical framework to CO oxidation () on Pt 100 is demonstrated and dilutionraugmentation terms were identified in the purely temporal model. These terms are shown to be significantly important by simulation.
High-Q terahertz Fano resonance with extraordinary transmission in concentric ring apertures

We experimentally demonstrate a polarization-independent terahertz Fano resonance with extraordinary transmission when light passes through two concentric subwavelength ring apertures in the metal film. The Fano resonance is enabled by the coupling between a high-Q dark mode and a low-Q bright mode. We find the Q factor of the dark mode ranges from 23 to 40, which is 3~6 times higher than Q of bright mode. We show the Fano resonance can be tuned by varying the geometry and dimension of the structures. We also demonstrate a polarization dependent Fano resonance in a modified structure of concentric ring apertures.
A Foster Network Thermal Model for HEV/EV Battery Modeling

Battery thermal management for high-power applications such as electrical/hybrid vehicles is crucial. Modeling is an indispensable tool to help engineers design better battery cooling systems. An accurate battery thermal model using a Foster network is proposed. The parameters in the Foster network, including capacitance and resistance, are extracted from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. The Foster network model is then shown to provide equivalent results as those from CFD under transient heat dissipation inputs. The model can be readily coupled with a battery electrical circuit model to form a complete battery system circuit model capable of predicting accurate battery temperature and the impact of temperature on battery electrical transient performance.
Editorial for special issue of papers from the 10th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ICPA)

A group of five papers has been assembled from presentations at the 10th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ICPA) held in Denver, Colorado, USA in July 2010. These papers represent an array of studies that were applied to maize, sugar beets, sugar cane, wheat, and grain sorghum. In terms of field applications, the studies covered (1) using aircraft imagery to make adaptive nitrogen (N) management decisions during the growing season; (2) remote sensing for disease detection; (3) biomass production and N management using active crop sensors; (4) implications of spatial variability and past management on crop response, even within relatively small fields; and (5) using remote sensing to estimate crop yields. Technologies employed in these projects included soil testing for nutrient status and several aspects of remote sensing including imagery, spectroscopy, and active crop canopy sensors to better understand and manage spatial and temporal variability. Geographically, the papers emanate from many parts of the globe, including Brazil, China, Germany, and the United States. Sincere appreciation is extended to the authors for their efforts in hopes that readers of Precision Agriculture will find these publications interesting and that each makes a meaningful contribution to science.