cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of macromolecules in spinal CSF: PET and modeling

246 Objectives Delivery of therapeutics through the leptomeningeal space is promising for the treatment of diseases involving CNS and meninges, especially given the availability of implantable ports and pumps designed for drug administration to CSF. However, intrathecal pharmacokinetics of drugs is complex and still poorly studied, which hinders development of the method. The objective of this study was to characterize drug transfer in the liquid phase of the spinal leptomeningeal space. Methods Rats (250-275 g) with pre-implanted lumbar catheters were used as model animals. Model protein was labeled with 124I (0.01-0.04 mCi/animal) and administered into CSF in a very small volume (3-9 µl) followed by flush (6-12 µl) of saline. Imaging was carried out using a custom PET/CT system (microPET Focus 220, Siemens, and CereTom, Neurologica). PET imaging was started immediately after injection. The first 30 min of acquired data was reconstructed into a dynamic imaging file, 2 min per frame. CT scans were used for attenuation correction and anatomical reference. Results The protein was initially located in a short (1 cm) segment of the spine. The rate of the protein front translocation along the spine from that segment was ca. 2 mm/min and reached the cranial CSF compartment 1.5-2.5 hours after the injection. PET data were segregated into small (vertebra size) compartments and diffusion distribution model was applied to calculate the apparent “pseudo-diffusion” coefficients. Conclusions Protein distribution in the spinal leptomeningeal space is faster than diffusion by 3 orders of magnitude and is in agreement with pulsation assisted remixing of the liquid compartment. Research Support This work was supported by NIH grant R21 CA152384, DoD grant BC100684 and internal funds of the laboratory.
Seasonal variability in the sources of particulate organic matter of the Mekong River as discerned by elemental and lignin analyses

[1] The Mekong River ranks within the top ten rivers of the world in terms of water discharge and sediment load to the ocean, yet its organic matter (OM) composition remains unstudied. This river is experiencing anthropogenically forced changes due to land use and impoundment, and these changes are expected to intensify in the future. Accordingly, we monitored the composition (including vascular-plant signatures) of Mekong River fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) over a one-year period. Autochthonous production comprises a greater proportion of FPOM during the dry season than in the rainy season, as demonstrated by higher percent organic carbon values (7.9 � 2.4 versus 2.2 � 0.4%), lower yields of lignin normalized to carbon (0.40 � 0.05 versus 1.1 � 0.3 mg (100 mg OC) � 1 ), and an increase in N:C ratios toward phytoplankton values during the dry season (from 0.06 to 0.12). Changes in the lignin-phenol composition of FPOM suggest that gymnosperms contribute more toward FPOM composition during the dry season, with angiosperms dominating in the wet season. This is supported by calculations of the lignin phenol vegetation index of riverine FPOM, which increases between the dry to wet seasons (dry: 29.4 � 15.0 versus wet: 74.6 � 17.3). These changes likely reflect seasonal differences in the proportion of flow that is coming from the Upper and Lower Basin, corresponding to compositional differences between the vegetation of these regions. Therefore, this work provides a baseline understanding of FPOM variability that can be used to assess how future change will affect this river.
The DUF579 domain containing proteins IRX15 and IRX15-L affect xylan synthesis in Arabidopsis.

SUMMARYXylan is the principal hemicellulose in the secondary cell walls of eudicots and in the primary and secondarycell walls of grasses and cereals. The biosynthesis of this important cell wall component has yet to be fullydetermined although a number of proteins have been shown to be required for xylan synthesis. To discovernew genes involved in xylan biosynthesis we explored the psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) seed mucilaginouslayer through EST proﬁling. This tissue synthesizes large amounts of a complex heteroxylan over a shortperiod of time. By comparing abundant transcripts in this tissue with abundant transcripts speciﬁcally presentduring secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, where glucuronoxylan biosynthesis ispronounced, we identiﬁed two Arabidopsis genes likely involved in xylan biosynthesis. These genes encodeproteins containing a Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) 579 and were designated IRREGULAR XYLEM (IRX)15 and IRX15-LIKE (IRX15-L). We obtained Arabidopsis T-DNA knockout lines for the two genes and analyzedtheir lower stems for changes in neutral monosaccharide composition. No changes were observed in each ofthese mutants, although the irx15 irx15-L double mutant displayed a moderate reduction in stem xylose.Further characterization of the irx15 irx15-L mutant revealed irregular secondary cell wall margins in ﬁber cellsand a lower xylan degree of polymerization. Through these studies we conclude that IRX15 and IRX15-Lfunction in a redundant manner and are involved in xylan biosynthesis.Keywords: DUF579, xylan, psyllium, secondary cell wall, irx, degree of polymerization.INTRODUCTIONXylan is the principal hemicellulose in the secondary cellwalls of eudicots and in theprimary and secondarycell wallsof grasses and cereals. It comprises approximately 30% ofthe cell wall dry weight in grasses and many woody species(Gibeaut and Carpita, 1994; Ebringerova and Heinze, 2000;Ebringerova et al., 2005). Mutations that reduce xylan inxylem secondary cell walls result in collapsed vesselsdemonstrating the importance of this polymer for wallstrength (Brown et al., 2005; Persson et al., 2005; Zhonget al., 2005).In higher plants xylan is found as a group of polymerswith a b-(1–4)-linked xylosyl (Xyl) backbone with variousside chain modiﬁcations and has been grouped intohomoxylan, glucuronoxylan, (arabino)glucuronoxylan,(glucurono)arabinoxylan, arabinoxylan, and complex het-eroxylans. In woody species such as poplar and in manydicots such as Arabidopsis the xylan in the secondary wallis a glucuronoxylan, the side chain modiﬁcations beingglucuronic acid (GlcA) or 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid(MeGlcA) at the Xyl O-2 position, and the GlcA or MeGlcA([Me]GlcA) to backbone Xyl ratio being approximately 1:10.The xylan backbone is additionally acetylated at some O-2or O-3 positions (Ebringerova and Heinze, 2000; Ebringer-ova et al., 2005). In some species, including Arabidopsisthaliana, a unique oligosaccharide, an 4-b-
The state of dissolved benzene in aqueous solution

Henry's law constants for benzene in water have been measured by bringing water layers into equilibrium with solutions of benzene in carbon tetrachloride or in cyclohexane. The mole fraction of benzene in the aqueous layer was determined by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, and its fugacity was taken as equal to that in the nonaqueous phase, reliable data for the C6H6−CCl4 and C6H6−c−C6H12 systems being available in the literature. Measurements were made at 5o intervals from 10 to 30°C inclusive, at mole fractions down to from 10% to 20% of saturation. In no case did Henry's law constant depart significantly from constancy, and it was in reasonable agreement with some representative literature values based on saturated solubility. The constancy and the magnitudes of our Kh values indicate that appreciable dimerization does not occur in the temperature range examined here. This conclusion contrasts with the suggestion of Reid, Quickenden, and Franks that their calorimetrically measured heat of solution of benzene in water is different enough from the van't Hoff heat to imply possible dimerization of the solute; it also contrasts with the hydrophobic-bond-forming tendency which Ben-Naim, Wilf, and Yaacobi ascribe to benzene on the basis of their studies of the solubilities of benzene and biphenyl. The results of the latter study, when combined with the known second virial coefficient of benzene vapor, predict that more than 20% of the benzene in saturated aqueous solution at 25°C should be present as dimer, in clear contradiction to the results of the present work.
Photooxidation of acetone on TiO2(110): conversion to acetate via methyl radical ejection.

It is generally held that radicals form and participate in heterogeneous photocatalytic processes on oxide surfaces, although understanding the mechanistic origins and fates of such species is difficult. In this study, photodesorption and thermal desorption techniques show that acetone is converted into acetate on the surface of TiO2(110) in a two-step process that involves, first, a thermal reaction between acetone and coadsorbed oxygen to make a surface acetone−oxygen complex, followed second by a photocatalytic reaction that ejects a methyl radical from the surface and converts the acetone−oxygen complex into acetate. Designation of the photodesorption species to methyl radicals was confirmed using isotopically labeled acetone. The yield of photodesorbed methyl radicals correlates well with the amount of acetone depleted and with the yield of acetate left on the surface, both gauged using postirradiation temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The thermal reaction between adsorbed acetone and oxygen t...
UNREAL MODELS OF REAL BEHAVIOR: THE AGENT-BASED MODELING EXPERIENCE

Like many applied anthropologists who have worked for 20 or so years in public health and drug addiction research, I have sat in more than my fair share of overly quantitative presentations on the "behaviors" of drug users that dominate conferences in the field. Like my peers in these circumstances, I am often frustrated not because the models, tables, graphs, figures, correlations, p-values, or odds ratios presented are difficult to understand or because I have an aversion to basic science, epidemiology, or survey research. Rather, it is because the numbers rarely reflect the histories, concepts, relationships, interactions, and other nuances that have shaped my fieldwork experience. The highly personal narratives of participants framed by equally complex social environments are not visible in the numbers. To epidemiologists and other like-minded health researchers, the numbers are the narrative and all that is required for informing and evaluating theories, models, interventions, treatment programs, or ...
The biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls, toxaphene, and DDT compounds in a Lake Michigan offshore food web

The biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), toxaphene, and the DDT family of metabolites was investigated in the epibenthicMysis relicta (mysid), the benthicPontoporeia hoyi (amphipod), plankton, particulate flux, surficial sediments, andMyoxocephalus thompsoni (deepwater sculpin) in southeastern Lake Michigan. DDE was the most strongly biomagnified compound, increasing 28.7 times in average concentration from plankton to fish. PCB increased 12.9 times in average concentration from plankton to fish while toxaphene increased by an average factor of 4.7. Particle flux was comprised of lower chlorinated PCB homologues (average chlorine number=3.8) than the biota (4.5-5.0) and sediments (4.6), possibly reflecting strong influences from atmospheric deposition and/or Zooplankton egestion. The percent of higher chlorinated PCB homologues (5 and 6 chlorine atoms per PCB molecule) increased from 54–56% of the total PCB in plankton andM. relicta, to 61% inP. hoyi, to 74% in sculpins. Amphipods contained greater concentrations than mysids of PCB, DDT residues, and toxaphene, possibly reflecting differences in habitat (benthic vs epibenthic) and diet (detritus vs plankton). Based on estimates of average areal biomass and contaminant concentration, offshore Lake MichiganP. hoyi populations contain approximately 15.0 times as much toxaphene, 9.5 times as much total DDT, and 12.0 times as much PCB as the offshoreM. relicta populations. Thus, amphipods may represent a greater reservoir than mysids for contaminant storage and subsequent recycling in offshore Lake Michigan.
Solution structure of the cGMP binding GAF domain from phosphodiesterase 5: insights into nucleotide specificity, dimerization, and cGMP-dependent conformational change.

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) controls intracellular levels of cGMP through its regulation of cGMP hydrolysis. Hydrolytic activity of the C-terminal catalytic domain is increased by cGMP binding to the N-terminal GAF A domain. We present the NMR solution structure of the cGMP-bound PDE5A GAF A domain. The cGMP orientation in the buried binding pocket was defined through 37 intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects. Comparison with GAF domains from PDE2A and adenylyl cyclase cyaB2 reveals a conserved overall domain fold of a six-stranded β-sheet and four α-helices that form a well defined cGMP binding pocket. However, the nucleotide coordination is distinct with a series of altered binding contacts. The structure suggests that nucleotide binding specificity is provided by Asp-196, which is positioned to form two hydrogen bonds to the guanine ring of cGMP. An alanine mutation of Asp-196 disrupts cGMP binding and increases cAMP affinity in constructs containing only GAF A causing an altered cAMP-bound structural conformation. NMR studies on the tandem GAF domains reveal a flexible GAF A domain in the absence of cGMP, and indicate a large conformational change upon ligand binding. Furthermore, we identify a region of ∼20 residues directly N-terminal of GAF A as critical for tight dimerization of the tandem GAF domains. The features of the PDE5 regulatory domain revealed here provide an initial structural basis for future investigations of the regulatory mechanism of PDE5 and the design of GAF-specific regulators of PDE5 function.
Accelerating Medical Innovation at USC: Realizing the Dream of Alfred E. Mann

Alfred E. Mann's vision is to create organizations that will help medical innovations born in academic environments evolve into commercially fit solutions, without the risk of being abandoned under the financial pressures early stage start-ups often experience. In 1998, Mann worked with Stephen Sample, president of USC, to create the first AMI for Biomedical Engineering, an organization fueled by an endowment valued at approximately US$160 million today. Technology-acceleration centers come in different flavors. AMI USC's recipe has evolved since its creation, with edits that incorporate lessons learned and improvements brought by its expanding network of talented resource people. Its 15-member staff, consisting of three-fourths industry professionals, includes seasoned generalists and specialists in medical technology commercialization. Although the support varies with each invention, some recurring ingredients weave into the AMI approach to accelerating medical innovation.
Fundamental frequency and gender identification in standard esophageal and tracheoesophageal speakers.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between fundamental frequency (Fo) and gender identification in standard esophageal (ES) or tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers. Twenty-three male and 20 female ES and TE speakers participated in this study. Recordings of these speakers reading the Rainbow Passage were played to 48 listeners who indicated perceived gender in a forced choice format. Fo was determined using PC-AUDED [Boston University (1991). Using PC-AUDED, Audio-editor and analyses program for the study of periodic segments. Boston: Boston University]. Seventy-nine percent of the speakers were identified correctly for gender. No significant difference was found between the number of male and female or TE and ES speakers identified correctly. A significant correlation was found between Fo and correct gender identification for the female speakers only. Results suggest that Fo plays a part in gender identification for female SE and TE speakers, however, other factors may also be important cues for gender identification in these speakers. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to: (1) describe the relationship between Fo and gender identification for male and female standard esophageal (SE) and tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers (2) discuss other variables that may influence gender identification in SE and TE speakers.
Electron Plasma-Wave Production by Stimulated Raman Scattering: Competition with Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

We have used temporally and spectrally resolved Thomson scattering in a C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-laser-plasma interaction experiment to identify electron plasma waves driven by stimulated Raman scattering in a low-density preformed plasma. Plasma waves were observed in a Gaussian-shaped plasma whose peak density was in the range $(0.01\ensuremath{-}0.05){n}_{c}$, in qualitative agreement with threshold calculations using a convective amplification model. The plasma waves were observed only during the early part of the pump pulse, and disappea\ifmmode \acute{r}\else \'{r}\fi{}ed coincidentally with the onset of ion waves driven by stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Structure theorem for the rotation group over Q

Abstract We present a proof of that SO 3 ( Q ) is not a simple group, using a quaternion cover for SO 3 ( Q ) . Moreover, we show that the set of square matrices in SO 3 ( Q ) is a normal subgroup. Using that result we give a proof of that the derived group of SO 3 ( Q ) is the kernel of homomorphism that maps SO 3 ( Q ) onto the countably infinite group ⊕ ω Z 2 .
Three new pteridophytes from Mexico

Two new species of ferns and a hybrid horsetail are described from Mexico:Diplazium wendtii, Polypodium microgrammoides, andEquisetum × haukeanum.
Thermogenic capabilities of the opossum Monodelphis domestica when warm and cold acclimated: similarities between American and Australian marsupials.

l. Monodelphis domesfica is a small marsupial mammal from South America. Its thermogenic abilities in the cold were determined when the opossums were both warm (WA) and cold (CA) acclimated. Maximum heat production of M. domestica was obtained at low temperatures in helium-xygen. 2. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the WA animals was 3.2 W/kg and mean body temperature was 32.6"C at 30°C. These values were lower than those generally reported for marsupials. Nevertheless, these M. domestica showed considerable metabolic expansibility in response to cold. Sustained (summit) metabolism was 8-9 times BMR, while peak metabolism was 11-13 times BMR. These maximum values were equal to, or above, those expected in small placentals. 3. Cold acclimation altered the thermal responses of M. domestica, particularly in warm T,s. However, summit metabolism was not significantly increased; nor did M. domestica show a significant thermogenic response to noradrenaline, which in many small placentals elicits non-shivering thermogenesis. The thermoregulatory responses of this American marsupial were, in most aspects, similar to those of Australian marsupials. This suggests that the considerable thermoregulatory abilities of marsupials are of some antiquity.
Regulation of Nuclear Pore Complex Conformation by IP3 Receptor Activation

Abstract In recent years, both the molecular architecture and functional dynamics of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) have been revealed with increasing detail. These large, supramolecular assemblages of proteins form channels that span the nuclear envelope of cells, acting as crucial regulators of nuclear import and export. From the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complexes exhibit an eightfold symmetric ring structure encompassing a central lumen. The lumen often appears occupied by an additional structure alternatively referred to as the central granule, nuclear transport complex, or nuclear plug. Previous studies have suggested that the central granule may play a role in mediating calcium-dependent regulation of diffusion across the nuclear envelope for intermediate sized molecules (10–40 kDa). Using atomic force microscopy to measure the surface topography of chemically fixed Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclear envelopes, we present measurements of the relative position of the central granule within the NPC lumen under a variety of conditions known to modify nuclear Ca 2+ stores. These measurements reveal a large, ∼9-nm displacement of the central granule toward the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope under calcium depleting conditions. Additionally, activation of nuclear inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) receptors by the specific agonist, adenophostin A, results in a concentration-dependent displacement of central granule position with an EC 50 of ∼1.2 nM. The displacement of the central granule within the NPC is observed on both the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic faces of the nuclear envelope. The displacement is blocked upon treatment with xestospongin C, a specific inhibitor of IP 3 receptor activation. These results extend previous models of NPC conformational dynamics linking central granule position to depletion of IP 3 sensitive nuclear envelope calcium stores.
A eudesmane acid from Montanoa speciosa

Abstract The major constituent of a leaf-surface methylene dichloride wash of Montanoa speciosa was a eudesmane acid, 1,2-dehydro-3-oxo-costic acid.
The potential benefits of teacher efficacy doubts for educational reform

Abstract This paper analyzes the benefits that specific teacher efficacy doubts can have for educational reforms, especially for progressive, meaning-centered reforms. Teachers’ efficacy doubts may support reform in several ways, perhaps most significantly by supporting teacher learning. Similar benefits can be expected for specific teacher doubts regarding collective teacher efficacy. The important role of efficacy doubts in progressive, meaning-centered teaching is highlighted. These conclusions challenge the common assumption that teachers’ doubts about their efficacy are inherently problematic for reforms. Connections are made to research on learning, teacher efficacy, and teacher education. Implications for research, teacher education and educational policy are described.
Protein kinase C inhibitor as a potent inhibitor of accelerated repopulation during radiotherapy: I. growth inhibitory, cytotoxic, and indirect radiosensitizing effects of a staurosporine derivative (UCN‐01) in vitro

Recently, various chemicals that attack the regulatory system for cell growth have been developed as potential antitumor agents. We have tested the effect of an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity together with the interaction with radiations. A staurosporine derivative, UCN-01 (7-hydroxy staurosporine), was selected because of its relative specificity to PKC. Mouse FSa-II fibrosarcoma cells were cultured in McCoy's 5a medium in 60 mm Petri dishes. To investigate cell proliferation, the number of cells was counted after trypsinization. Cell survival following drug treatment with or without irradiation was obtained by the in vitro colony formation assay; namely, single cells were plated and treatment was initiated ∼20 hr later. After drug treatment, cells were washed and incubated with fresh medium at 37°C for 7–9 days for colony formation. Survival was determined by normalizing with plating efficiency and cell multiplicity. The growth of FSa-II cells was inhibited with 100–500 nM UCN-01 during a 3 day treatment period, whereas no significant growth inhibition was observed following a treatment with 50 nM. In one of these experiments, cells treated with UCN-01 for 3 days were replated in drug-free medium. Cells pretreated with 100 nM quickly resumed their proliferation, but cells pretreated with 250 or 500 nM showed a substantial delay of repopulation. Cell survival studies showed the cytotoxic effect of UCN-01 on FSa-II cells. Survival curves were best-fitted by the linear-quadratic equation. To study whether the growth inhibition is due to the cytotoxic effect or this agent inhibiting cell proliferation, the effect of UCN-01 on repopulation during fractionated irradiation was investigated. This result confirmed that this agent has a growth inhibitory effect on tumor cells together with a cytotoxic effect, although its synergism with radiation is weak. This result suggests that it can inhibit the cell repopulation during fractionated doses; thus, it could reduce the tumor control dose if used during the course of fractionated radiotherapy. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of crystal anisotropy on residual stresses in ceramic composites

In composite materials, residual stresses are developed during cooling from fabrication temperature as a result of thermal expansion mismatch between the constituents. It is well known that, in brittle composites, spontaneous microcracking might occur due to the presence of residual stresses. The purpose of this study is to determine the residual stresses in particulate composites while considering the crystal anisotropy of the constituent materials. The Eshelby model is used to evaluate the interaction between particle and matrix at any relative orientation. Both the particle and matrix materials are confined to hexagonal symmetry.
Mechanical Properties of Clays in Fault Zones Under High Pressure Conditions: ABSTRACT

Examination of exposed sections of active fault zones often reveals the presence of abundant clayey materials. Observations in deep tunnels, in deep mines, and deep boreholes have also revealed abundant clays on faults at depths to 1.24 mi (2 km). Experimental clay mineralogists have shown that the stability fields of montmorillonite, kaolinite, and chlorite may extend to conditions existing at mid-crustal depth. The question whether clays can exist down to appreciable depths has been addressed by several authors with convincing arguments in support of the hypothesis that clays can exist on faults down to depths of 6 mi (10 km) or more. Interpretation of the seismic velocities in the San Andreas fault zone, considering laboratory data, is also consistent with the hypothes s that large quantities of clayey gouge may be present along the fault zone to depths of 6 mi (10 km) or more. If clayey gouges are indeed present in significant quantity along faults at mid-crustal depth, their mechanical properties would influence the behavior of faults. When the fault surfaces are separated by a layer of montmorillonite or vermiculite, the frictional resistance to sliding becomes very low. However, the presence of dry illite, chlorite, and kaolinite does not significantly lower the frictional resistance, and violent releases of energy may occur at high pressures. At high pressures dry clays are capable of sustaining considerable deviatoric stresses; the strength is characterized by having a peak value and a gradual decline to a residual value as strain is increased at a constant rate. Saturation of the clayey gouge, however, significantly lowered the shear resistance and st bilized sliding. Laboratory studies of soil at low pressure have shown that the deformation and failure of soils involve time-dependent rearrangement of matter and the theories developed for rate-dependent processes are applicable to the study of soil deformation. Work on the time-dependent deformation of clayey gouge at high pressures, however, has just begun. New experimental results have shown that the bulk compressibility of clays at high pressure exhibits pronounced time-dependent characteristics. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1708------------
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based Enterprise Management for MILSATCOM tactical environments

The Department of Defense (DoD) vision for Global Information Grid (GIG) Net-centric Operations consists of a unified communications architecture, including satellite, airborne, terrestrial, and wireless networks. It is crucial that time-sensitive communications is seamless across all these traditionally stove-piped mission and system domains, in order to meet the demands of current and future warfighters. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become the preferred approach to span these stove-pipes, enable seamless communications through MILSATCOM enterprise situational awareness and fulfill the net-centric, interoperability strategic vision. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (3010.02, 6212.01E), DoD Information Enterprise Architecture (IEA) (v1.2) and DISA SATCOM-GIG Integration Roadmap recommends Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) as a foundation for achieving program interoperability. Many organizations have difficulty defining net-ready, net-centric and interoperable needs in terms of their mission and how SOA meets their requirements. Our SOA approach for MILSATCOM focuses on delivering communications system status information in a standardized format to improve situational awareness for the MILSATCOM enterprise, which ultimately supports faster responses to enterprise outages and enables more efficient employment of limited MILSATCOM resources. This paper leverages lesson learned from previous SOA implementations capturing a systematic engineering approach to identify net-centric, interoperability needs in mission systems. We use proven open standards and common platforms for shared information processing and distribution. We provide examples of future characteristics of a SOA operating in a net-centric environment to make available the MILSATCOM enterprise status, potential remote operations and configurations to improve system availability and seamless communications. Furthermore, it highlights network management tools and techniques, and information assurance to secure the enterprise information.
Quantification and the Western Federation

(1977). Quantification and the Western Federation. Historical Methods Newsletter: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 141-148.
Two-phonon spin-lattice relaxation of rigid atomic clusters

Spin-phonon relaxation due to two-phonon processes of a spin cluster embedded in an elastic medium has been studied. For the case of uniaxial anisotropy, relaxation rates due to Raman processes and processes involving the emission of two phonons have been obtained. For a biaxial spin Hamiltonian, the rates of transitions between tunnel-split levels have been computed. By comparison with the rates of corresponding direct processes, we have established temperature ranges where the Raman mechanism dominates over the one-phonon decay mechanism.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of RF-sputtered a-SiGe:H:O alloys

Amorphous thin films of Si x Ge 1- x :H:O ( x = 0.70) were prepared by RF-sputtering at several substrate temperatures. The structural properties of these films were studied by IR spectroscopy and revealed features characteristic of hydrogen and/or oxygen bonded to silicon. The optical constants ( n, k ) were determined from reflection and transmission measurements at near-normal incidence for photon energies in the range of 1 and 2.6 eV. The optical gap was derived from the Tauc plot and correlated with the composition of the samples. The increase of hydrogen and/or oxygen decreases the value of refractive index and increases the optical gap. The room temperature DC conductivity can be reduced by as much as four orders of magnitude by combining the effects of hydrogen and oxygen compensation and for the concentrations used. The dependence of the conductivity on the atomic concentrations of hydrogen and/or oxygen follows a similar trend as the refractive index.
Lack of lipotropic action by thiomethyl derivatives of glucose.

SummarySupplementation of a high fat, low-protein diet with two thiomethyl derivatives of glucose (glucose dimethylmercaptal and methyl-thioglucoside) did not prevent the fatty infiltration of the liver, and did not enhance the ability of the tissue to oxidize fatty acid added in vitro.The continued interest and helpful suggestions of Dr. C. Artom are gratefully acknowledged.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Plasticizer System

CONSIDERABLE interest has recently been shown in the mechanical properties of high polymeric materials as affected by temperature and plasticizers1,2,3. Along this line some data obtained at this Laboratory on the dynamic elastic modulus and mechanical damping may be of interest.
Palynology of the Maastrichtian/Danian boundary at Savannah River Site, South Carolina

Abstract Sixty-three core samples bracketing the Maastrichtian/Danian boundary were collected from wells at Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina for palynological investigation. The samples were collected from the Steel Creek Member of the Peedee Formation (Maastrichtian) and the base of the Ellenton Formation (Danian). Analysis of the Steel Creek Member samples indicates that sedimentation took place in an upper delta-plain to lower delta-plain freshwater environment. The pollen and spores are predominantly terrestrial in origin and no marine dinoflagellates were encountered. The top of the Peedee Formation is heavily oxidized in most areas and underlies deposits of the Ellenton Formation (Danian) with similar lithologies. The base of the Ellenton Formation contains abundant marine dinoflagellates, glauconite, and substantially lower concentrations of pollen and spores along with a decrease in the number of species encountered. There are two distinct groups of pollen and spores in these samples. Danian age species such as Intratriporopollenites stavensis and Subtriporopollenites nanus were encountered with Maastrichtian age species such as Rugubivesiculites reductus and Proteacidites retusus. These Maastrichtian palynomorphs are highly fragmented as a result of a high-energy influence during transport and represent sediments of Maastrichtian age that were reworked and redeposited in the Danian. The presence of marine dinoflagellates and glauconite in these samples is typical of a change from an upper delta-plain to a lower delta-plain or marginal marine depositional environment. The lithology of these units in conjunction with this palynologic study suggests that the paleo-shoreline in the Maastrichtian was located just southeast of Savannah River Site. With the onset of the Danian, a marine transgression migrated the paleo-shoreline to the northwest, partially covering the Savannah River Site with marine waters.
Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor affinity of bivalent tropane‐3‐carboxylates

A series of diol di-(tropane-3α-carboxylate) esters and diol di-(tropane-3β-carboxylate) esters were synthesized from 3-tropene-3-carboxylic acid and tropane-3β-carboxylic acid, respectively. The bivalent tropane-3-carboxylates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit [3H]cytisine binding at rat brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In general the (3β,3β')-isomers were more potent than (3α,3α')-isomer and the (3β,3β')-decyl derivative (n = 10, Ki = 145 nM) exhibited the most potent affinity for nAChRs of the series.
A screening model-based study of transport fluxes and fate of airborne mercury deposited onto catchment areas.

Abstract Dynamics of airborne mercury deposited onto catchment areas is investigated within the framework of a simulation model. Model results show that, for a particular atmospheric deposition rate, significant interannual variability in mercury transport flux in catchments is caused by climatology and corresponding differences in catchment soil loss rates; in comparison to the normal year, runoff flux increased by a factor of 2–3 for the wet year (rainfall 35% above normal) while for the dry year (rainfall 18% below normal) runoff flux decreased by factors of 5–7. The interaction of parameters describing soil type, topography and vegetation cover causes variability in both transport and emission fluxes among catchments; as soil loss rate increases by a factor of 5 due to variations in these parameters among the examined catchments, annual average transport flux increases by a factor of 3; and annual average emission flux of mercury (as Hg 0 ) from soil to the atmosphere decreases by a factor of 2 due to the decreased levels of soil mercury associated with catchment soil loss increases. Seasonal variability of transport flux is associated with seasonal changes in precipitation and soil loss rates while seasonal changes of emission flux are primarily due to changes in soil moisture regime and temperature. Although modeled results are consistent with observational data from previous studies, they must be interpreted in a relative sense due to the screening-level character of this study.
Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis: analysis of 644 SLE families.

Angiotensin II is a strong candidate for the perpetuation of autoimmunity, nephritis and visceral damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal was to determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms are associated with SLE and/or lupus nephritis (LN). We genotyped 644 SLE patients and 1130 family members for three ACE gene polymorphisms: Alu insertion/deletion (I/D), 23949 (CT)2/3 and 10698 (G)3/4. All patients met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE, and all LN patients met ACR renal criteria and/or had biopsy evidence of LN. We used the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) to examine associations between each polymorphism and SLE, including Caucasian, non-Caucasian, and LN subgroups. We also examined transmission of haplotypes defined by these polymorphisms. The ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with SLE among non-Caucasians (61% transmission, P = 0.026) and the 23949 (CT)2/3 polymorphism was associated with LN among non-Caucasians (69% transmission, P = 0.014). Several haplotypes defined by these 2 markers demonstrated strikingly increased transmission among non-Caucasians (81% - 66% transmission, P = 0.0046 to 0.010). Due to the choice of study design and analytic method these results are unlikely to be due to population admixture. Our findings suggest that DNA sequence variation in the ACE gene influences the risk of developing SLE and LN.
Effect of pindolol on hormone secretion and body temperature: partial agonist effects.

Pindolol has been shown to be a partial agonist at 5-HT1a receptors in preclinical studies. It has also been reported to inhibit the effects of other 5-HT1a partial agonists such as ipsapirone and buspirone on hormone secretion and body temperature in man, indicating its antagonist action at 5-HT1a receptors in man. To determine if pindolol has 5-HT1a agonist as well as antagonist effects in man, pindolol, 30 mg, p.o. and placebo, were given single blind in random order to 23 normal men with indwelling venous catheters and its effects on hormone secretion and body temperature noted. Pindolol significantly increased basal plasma cortisol concentrations, whereas it decreased plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations and body temperature. The increase in plasma cortisol due to pindolol suggests a 5-HT1a agonist action and is consistent with a 5-HT1a partial agonist mechanism in man whereas the PRL effects are consistent with an antagonist action at 5-HT1a receptors. The effects of pindolol on plasma cortisol concentration and body temperature were significantly negatively correlated. Furthermore, these results indicate significant differences in the 5-HT1a-dependent regulation of PRL and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and body temperature, and suggest that human basal PRL secretion is tonically stimulated by a 5-HT1a mechanism whereas the HPA axis and body temperature are not. Since rodent studies suggest differences in 5-HT1a receptor sensitivity between males and females, the results reported here need to be replicated in females. These differences in the effect of pindolol are discussed in terms of receptor reserve theory.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in metastatic breast cancer

The use of adjuvant chemotherapy following the primary treatment of breast cancer has led to an increased disease-free survival. The outlook for patients who present with metastatic disease however remains dismal, with little improvement in survival in the last decade. A recent analysis by Bonadonna and his colleagues has demonstrated a strong influence of the dose of drugs administered on relapse-free survival in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant therapy and those with metastatic disease. The utilization of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow permits the use of more aggressive therapy without regard to marrow toxicity, the dose-limiting feature of many antineoplastic agents. Some of the questions and potential problems with the use of autologous marrow rescue in solid tumors is discussed. Preliminary data on a protocol to evaluate the role of high-dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation with autologous marrow transplantation in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma are presented.
The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use remained low and unchanged among US men in 2000-2005 while smoking declined.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Smokeless tobacco use among men in the United States, 2000 and 2005. Rodu B, Cole P. J Oral Pathol Med 2009;38(7):545-50. Reviewer Scott L. Tomar, DMD, DrPH Purpose/Question The purpose of the study was to describe and compare smokeless tobacco use among US men in 2000 and 2005. Source of Funding Tobacco industry Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional study Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Real-time optical techniques and QMS to characterize growth in a modified commercial OMVPE reactor

We describe a modified commercial OMVPE reactor that incorporates quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) with a broadband parallel-processing optical spectrometer that simultaneously performs spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflectance-difference spectroscopy (RDS) measurements. We demonstrate its use by determining the surface temperature of Si to a precision of ±1°C and investigating the initial stages of GaP heteroepitaxy on Si(100). Analysis of the real-time SE data indicates that under our conditions GaP and Si interpenetrate as optically identifiable materials on a thickness scale of 100A.
de Haas-van Alphen effect study of dislocations in copper

The influence of lattice dislocations on conduction electrons has been studied both theoretically and experimentally in copper single crystals. A first-principles de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) dephasing calculation was made, using the dislocation strain field with a realistic dislocation array. Both the Dingle temperature $X$, which characterizes the amplitude reduction, and the dHvA relative phase shift were measured using dHvA wave-shape analysis. Breaking the cubic symmetry by introducting a forest of edge dislocations allows a test of the sensitivity of previously equivalent neck orbits to the relative orientation with respect to the dislocation lines. Both magnitude and anisotropy agree with the theory. Orbits in contact with the Brillouin zone were found to have larger $X$. A slight field dependence predicted by the dephasing calculation was observed. The large discrepancy observed among different $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ results obtained from dHvA, radio-frequency size effect, and resistivity measurements is due to the different sensitivity of each method to small-angle scattering by the long-range strain field around dislocations. It is shown how to separate dislocation effects from mosaic-structure effects also present in these strained crystals.
Conjugal Alzheimer's disease: Is there an increased risk in offspring?

Thirty-one couples in which both spouses had the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (confirmed by autopsy in 12) were ascertained. The mean age of onset of dementia was 75±7.4 years. These couples had 87 children, 63 still living. Seventeen (19.5%) of the children developed dementia, with a mean age of onset of 68.9±8.3 years. Thirty of the children of the conjugal AD couples survived to age AS or longer and 14 (47%) of them developed dementia. This prevalance of dementia in the children of affected couples is much greater than that in the children of two control groups consisting of 234 couples in which one spouse had AD and 192 couples in which neither spouse was demented
Strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched epitaxy

Growth of lattice mismatched layers epitaxially on top of each other is a challenge for today's semiconductor industry. For strained layer devices, it requires that the strained layers are not relaxed through the formation of misfit dislocations. For other device applications, such as GaAs on Si, it may be desirable that the overlayers are completely relaxed and all the misfit defects are confined to the lower interfaces. This article investigates the theories on strain relaxation mechanisms in face-centered-cubic (f.c.c.) systems. The tensile layers are found to initially relax through the formation of partial dislocations, at a critical thickness about half the thickness predicted by the conventional model based on the formation of perfect misfit dislocations. This poses a stringent condition on the maximum thickness useful for tensile layer devices. We also explain the difficulties involved in preparing thick strained layers with few threading dislocations and microtwins.
The City and the Self: Narratives of Spatial Belonging among Austrian Jews

JEWS IN CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIA construct their ethnic selves as a mimetic continuation of a tropological field circumscribed by an imagined moment of Jewish efflorescence in fin-de-siecle Vienna. This moment continues to imprint a metonymic set of cultural values on Vienna, affording the signification of Jewish selfhood in opposition to an Austrian (non–Jewish) majority. The Jewish selves thereby constructed, in turn serve as rallying points for an affirmative outlook on Jewish life in contemporary Austria.
Short-term retention of tactile stimulation.

In three experiments subjects were required to reproduce after varying delays the locus of a tactile stimulation delivered to the upper-side of the arm. During the retention periods subjects either performed a subsidiary, arithmetic task or rested. Recall, as measured by accuracy in reproducing the locus of stimulation, decreased as a function of retention interval, asymptoting after approximately 5 s. Performance was poorer in the subsidiary task condition than in the rest condition; however, the effect of the subsidiary task appeared to be more on subject recall strategies than on rehearsal capacity. No evidence of proactive interference effects was found, and a decay interpretation of forgetting of discrete tactile stimuli in the short-term memory distractor paradigm was favoured.
Photochemical oxidation of chrysene at the silica gel–water interface

Abstract The photolysis of chrysene at the silica–water interface proceeds more efficiently than when dissolved in solution. Loss of chrysene was apparently through self sensitized oxidation by singlet oxygen. The role of singlet oxygen in the system was probed by application of the 1 O 2 scavenger, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]-octane (DABCO). The initial rate of chrysene loss exhibited a positive correlation with chrysene loading (μmol g−1) on silica gel supports. The system was subjected to model environmental conditions (simulating seawater) and the effects of halide ions on the photodegradation process were determined. Singlet oxygen steady state concentrations were measured under all experimental conditions by using 2,5-diphenylfuran as a singlet oxygen trapping agent, and varied from (3.73±0.37)×10−12 to (1.43±0.14)×10−11 M under our experimental conditions. [ 1 O 2 ]ss was a function of chrysene loading and salinity; high chrysene loading promoted high singlet oxygen concentrations, but high salinity suppressed it.