cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for restricted Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression and anti-EBNA antibody response in solid organ transplant recipients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the development of two human B-cell malignancies, Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphomas that occur in the immunosuppressed host. The latter category of disease has become important recently as it is seen primarily in organ transplant recipients and individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. One possible mechanism for lymphoma development involves a reduction in or lack of EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell recognition. In support of this model are previous observations that the expression of EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and latent membrane protein, two viral antigens associated with major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted T- cell killing, are downregulated in Burkitt's lymphoma and in early passage lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) derived from the malignant lesions. To determine whether a similar mechanism could occur in the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), we compared EBV gene expression among 23 PTLD tumor lesions obtained from 11 solid organ transplant recipients and among LCL derived from 3 of these lesions. In this report, we demonstrate, by Southern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis, that (1) the tumor lesions exhibit varying patterns of restricted viral gene expression; (2) LCL derived from these lesions may represent the in vitro selection of cell subpopulations; and (3) immunosuppressed individuals have a markedly reduced antibody response to the latent cycle antigens, EBNA1, EBNA2, and EBNA-LP, but not to the lytic cycle viral capsid antigen when compared with normal immunocompetent controls.
“I Wasn’t a Priority, I Wasn’t a Victim”: Challenges in Help Seeking for Transgender Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Among the crucial advancements in the study of intimate partner violence (IPV) is an understanding of the distinct help-seeking barriers that gay and lesbian victims face. Despite these additions to the literature, transgender IPV victimization remains under-researched. The current study utilized semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires of 18 trans-identified survivors of IPV. Working through a modified grounded analytic approach, two major themes emerged in the help-seeking process: "walking the gender tightrope" in which participants first struggled with gendered notions of victimization that made it difficult to identify abuse, and second, the challenges of "navigating genderist resources."
Postoperative adhesion formation after ovarian wedge resection with and without ovarian reconstruction in the rabbit.

A rabbit model was used to examine adhesion formation after ovarian wedge resection with and without reapproximation of the ovarian cortex. A wedge resection was completed on one ovary with a scalpel, and the ovarian cortex was reapproximated using microsurgical technique. In the contralateral ovary, a wedge resection was performed using the Nd: YAG laser and the cortex was left to heal by secondary intention. A second laparotomy was performed and the adhesion scores were compared between the two adnexa. In 17 of 19 rabbits, the adhesion score was greater on the side where ovarian reconstruction had been performed. No difference was noted in adhesion scores when, in our preliminary studies presented herein, laser and scalpel wedge resections were both followed by reapproximation of the cortex. These data have ramifications for conservative ovarian surgery performed both at laparotomy and laparoscopy.
Physician Assimilation in Medical Schools: Dualisms of Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Ideologies in the Discourse of Physician Educators.

ABSTRACTAlthough health communication research and popular literature on physicians have heightened awareness of the dualisms physicians face, research is yet to focus on the discourse of physician educators who assimilate students into medicine for dualisms of the biomedical (BMD) and biopsychosocial (BPS) ideologies. The study drew on a dualism-centered model to analyze the discourse of 19 behavioral science course directors at 10 medical schools for the emergence of dualisms in instantiations of BPS ideologies and for the management of dualism in discourse that instantiated both BMD and BPS ideologies as part of the curriculum. Dualism emerged in the BPS ideologies of “patient-centeredness” and “cultural competence.” While a dualism between “patients’ data” and “patients’ stories” emerged in the patient-centeredness ideology, a dualism between enhancing “interaction skill” and “understanding” emerged in the cultural competence ideology. Moreover, the study found educator discourse managing dualism betw...
A Retrospective Case Series of a Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Allograft for Treatment of Unresolved Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Background: Foot ulcers are among the most serious complications of diabetes and can lead to amputation. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) often fail to heal with standard wound care, thereby making new treatments necessary. This case series describes the addition of a dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft (DAMA) to standard care in unresolved DFUs. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective chart review of eight patients who had one to three applications of DAMA to nine DFUs that had failed to resolve despite offloading, other standard care, and adjuvant therapies. Following initial DAMA placement, wound size (length, width, depth) was measured every 1 to 2 weeks until closure. The principal outcome assessed was mean time to wound closure; other outcomes included mean percent reduction from baseline in wound area and volume at weeks 2 to 8. Results: All wounds were closed a mean of 9.2 weeks after the first DAMA application (range, 3.0–13.5 weeks). Compared with baseline, wound area and volume, respective...
Projectile Points of the Early Agricultural Southwest; Typology, Migration and Social Dynamics from the Sonoran Desert to the Colorado Plateau

Sliva examines the social context for the innovation, transmission, and adoption of stone projectile point designs during the Early Agricultural period (ca. 2100 B.C. to A.D. 50) in the states of A...
New technology for conducting red light running studies

Red light running (RLR) has developed into a significant problem in the United States, as well as many locations worldwide. One of the main problems in combating RLR is the difficulty of obtaining field data to assess the problems and effectiveness of countermeasures at individual intersections. Recognizing the importance of this problem, the University of Florida Transportation Research Center has initiated a program to develop the hardware and software required to support productive and effective field studies. The central element in the data collection scheme is the Red Light Running Analysis Package (RLRAP), which provides the enabling technology to observe vehicles in violation of a red signal by superimposing the status of all traffic signals on a video image of the complete intersection. This allows us to do something that has never been possible before, namely to see all of the vehicles and all of the signals at the same time. Because it supports a new type of study that has been nearly impossible to perform in the past, RLRAP has the potential to become an important tool in the traffic safety toolbox. This paper describes the development and deployment of the RLRAP system. As a result of this development, we are now able to undertake the long overdue task of a large-scale data collection effort that will produce new insight into the causes and countermeasures for RLR, as well as other traffic phenomena at signalized intersections.
Efficiency of breakfast consumption patterns of ninth graders: Nutrient-to-cost comparisons

Abstract Objective To assess the efficiency of breakfast consumption patterns in terms of nutrient-to-cost comparisons. Design Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected and food items named were priced (prices from local grocery stores and restaurants were averaged). Three breakfast consumption groups were identified: restaurant foods (fast foods), ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal, and other foods. Subjects Subjects consisted of 567 ninth-grade students (57% female, 86% white, mean age 14.8 years) in New Orleans, La. Statistical analyses Analysis of variance techniques were used to test statistical significance for total nutrient intake levels, intake levels of nutrients per 1,000kcal, and nutrient intake levels per dollar spent. Groupings were determined using the Duncan test or pairwise comparisons. Results Five percent of students ate a fast-food breakfast, 30% ate RTE cereal, and 65% ate other breakfasts. The mean cost of the breakfast meals was significantly ( P other=RTE). For every dollar spent, the RTE cereal and other breakfasts provided significantly more energy, carbohydrate, fiber, sugar, and protein than the fast-food breakfast. The other breakfast provided significantly ( P P Applications The importance consumers place on taste, cost, and convenience continues to influence types of foods consumed. Yet, their food choices may not be as efficient in terms of the nutrients obtained per dollar spent. With the increasing demands being placed on families and the decreasing amount of time being spent on food preparation, nutrition education programs should continue to promote a higher level of efficient food choices. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:226-233.
Adaptive Estimation of Personalized Maximum Tolerated Dose in Cancer Phase I Clinical Trials Based on All Toxicities and Individual Genomic Profile.

Background Many biomarkers have been shown to be associated with the efficacy of cancer therapy. Estimation of personalized maximum tolerated doses (pMTDs) is a critical step toward personalized medicine, which aims to maximize the therapeutic effect of a treatment for individual patients. In this study, we have established a Bayesian adaptive Phase I design which can estimate pMTDs by utilizing patient biomarkers that can predict susceptibility to specific adverse events and response as covariates. Methods Based on a cutting-edge cancer Phase I clinical trial design called escalation with overdose control using normalized equivalent toxicity score (EWOC-NETS), which fully utilizes all toxicities, we propose new models to incorporate patient biomarker information in the estimation of pMTDs for novel cancer therapeutic agents. The methodology is fully elaborated and the design operating characteristics are evaluated with extensive simulations. Results Simulation studies demonstrate that the utilization of biomarkers in EWOC-NETS can estimate pMTDs while maintaining the original merits of this Phase I trial design, such as ethical constraint of overdose control and full utilization of all toxicity information, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the pMTD estimation. Conclusions Our novel cancer Phase I designs with inclusion of covariate(s) in the EWOC-NETS model are useful to estimate a personalized MTD and have substantial potential to improve the therapeutic effect of drug treatment.
Outcomes of severe sepsis in very elderly (age >80 years) patients with metastatic cancer.

9558 Background: With better treatment and prolonged life expectancy of cancer patients, more elderly patients with metastatic cancer are being treated aggressively for sepsis. There has been philo...
Trying to keep you: how grief, abjection, and ritual transform the social meanings of a human body

ABSTRACTThe present research illuminates how the grief process and the abject force us to confront and reconcile the strangeness of a loved one’s lifeless human body. We find that the grief process, initially fueled by abjection, moves the social meanings of a human body in death through three stages: (1) divorcing the deceased’s identity from the body, (2) seeking tangible substitutes, and (3) attaining meaning outside the physical realm. These findings reveal how the process of grief, the abject, and the ritual practices surrounding it, transform the social meanings of a human body and other related symbolic consumption items. This work contributes to the literature by illuminating our understanding of the fluidity of identity that extends beyond a person’s natural life and by revealing how renegotiating the relationship with a physical body is important for the self-preservation of the living.
Hepatitis C virus Genie: A web 2.0 interpretation and analytics platform for the Versant Hepatitis C virus genotype Line Probe Assay version 2.0

Context: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping at our institution is performed using the Versant HCV genotype 2.0 Line Probe Assay (LiPA). The last steps of this procedure are manual, laborious, and error-prone process that involves the comparison of the banding pattern on a test strip to a physical reference table. Aim: We developed a web-based HCV genotype interpretation platform that utilizes a scanned image to generate the genotypes, thus minimizing interpretation time and reducing error. Subjects and Methods: HCV Genie 2 utilizes a database of banding patterns in conjuncture with image analysis algorithms to determine the genotype for any number of scanned LiPA strips. HCV Genie 2 is built with client-side JavaScript; allowing the program to run in the user' browser rather than on an unknown server, essentially eliminating data and patient privacy concerns. Results: HCV Genie 2 was tested over 2 months and proved identical to human expert interpretation for 148 samples (>1000 bands identified). Manual intervention was required only for two faint bands and one false-positive band; this was done utilizing the built-in-user interface. Utilizing the original method, the trained laboratory technician interpretation time for 16 samples was 13.8 (±0.96) min as compared to 5.0 (±1.09) min with HCV Genie 2, a 63.8% decrease. In addition to the time savings, the new method provides an additional validation step, which decreases the potential for errors. Conclusions: Our institution has moved exclusively to utilize the new techniques and tools described here. Both experienced technicians and the molecular pathologists at our institution prefer the workflow using HCV Genie. It is easier for the technicians to prepare and document, and the pathologists are more rapidly able to review and confirm results. The use of this tool will lead to increase the quality of patient care delivered through this test methodology by decreasing the potential for error. The algorithms developed here can be ported to similar band identification platforms, most directly to other LiPAs.
Construction of stable fluorescent laboratory control strains for several food safety relevant Enterobacteriaceae.

Abstract Using naturally-occurring bacterial strains as positive controls in testing protocols is typically feared due to the risk of cross-contaminating samples. We have developed a collection of strains which express Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) at high-level, permitting rapid screening of the following species on selective or non-selective plates: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Gaminera, S. Mbandaka, S. Tennesse, S. Minnesota, S. Senftenberg and S. Typhimurium. These new strains fluoresce when irradiated with UV light and maintain this phenotype in absence of antibiotic selection. Recombinants were phenotypically equivalent to the parent strain, except for S. Tennessee Sal66 that appeared Lac− on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar plates and Lac+ on Mac Conkey and Hektoen Enteric agar plates. Analysis of closed whole genome sequences revealed that Sal66 had lost one lactose operon; slower rates of lactose metabolism may affect lactose fermentation on XLD agar. These fluorescent enteric control strains were challenging to develop and should provide an easy and effective means of identifying cross-contamination.
Relations between vocabulary and executive functions in Spanish–English dual language learners

The role of dual language exposure in children's cognitive development continues to be debated. The majority of the research with bilingual children in the US has been conducted with children becoming literate in only one of their languages. Dual language learners who are becoming literate in both their languages are acutely understudied. We compared dual language learners (n = 61) in a Spanish–English dual language immersion program to monolingual English speaking children (n = 55) who were in a traditional English only school. Children (kindergarten to 3rd grade) completed standardized vocabulary tasks and two measures of executive functions. Despite having significantly smaller English vocabularies, the dual language learners outperformed the monolingual children on the executive function measures. Implications for our understanding of the relations between oral language development and executive function in bilingual children are discussed.
Biodiesel Byproduct and Biofuel Synthesizing Clostridium acetobutylicum

In the manufacture of biodiesel, glycerol is a byproduct. Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum ia also a source of biofuel. Growth of C. acetobutylicum in the presence of waste biodiesel glycerol byproduct was examined in this investigation. In cultures containing added glucose or a mixture of glucose and byproduct the optical density (OD) was increased and a positive fermentation reaction was exhibited while results in cultures containing byproduct or pure glycerol were similar to those in the base medium. The pH of cultures containing glucose markedly decreased. The concentration of glucose dropped to an undetectable level. All cultures were determined to contain alcohol. The potential applications for biodiesel glycerol byproduct need to e explored.
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Prevention Initiative-2: Incidence of nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in the United States.

Background Because nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) is understudied, our purpose was to determine the incidence, overall burden, and level of documented pneumonia preventive interventions of NV-HAP in 24 U.S. hospitals. Methods This retrospective chart review extracted NV-HAP cases as per the 2014 ICD-9-CM codes for pneumonia not present on admission and the 2013 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. Patient demographic data, outcomes, and documented preventive interventions were also collected. Results We found 1,300 NV-HAP patients who acquired NV-HAP (rate, 0.12-2.28 per 1,000 patient days) across the 21 hospitals that completed the data collection. Most NV-HAP infections (70.8%) were acquired outside of intensive care units (ICUs); 18.8% required transfer into the ICU. In the 24 hours prior to diagnosis, most of the patients did not have fundamental hospital care associated with pneumonia prevention. Conclusions This multicenter, nationwide study highlights the significant burden of NV-HAP in the U.S. acute care hospital setting. We found that NV-HAP occurred on every hospital unit, including in younger, healthy patients. This indicates that although some patients are clearly at higher risk, all patients carry some NV-HAP risk. Therapeutic interventions aimed at NV-HAP prevention are frequently not provided for patients in acute care hospitals.
Force Spectroscopy with 9-μs Resolution and Sub-pN Stability by Tailoring AFM Cantilever Geometry.

Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is a powerful yet accessible means to characterize the unfolding/refolding dynamics of individual molecules and resolve closely spaced, transiently occupied folding intermediates. On a modern commercial AFM, these applications and others are now limited by the mechanical properties of the cantilever. Specifically, AFM-based SMFS data quality is degraded by a commercial cantilever's limited combination of temporal resolution, force precision, and force stability. Recently, we modified commercial cantilevers with a focused ion beam to optimize their properties for SMFS. Here, we extend this capability by modifying a 40 × 18 μ m 2 cantilever into one terminated with a gold-coated, 4 × 4 μ m 2 reflective region connected to an uncoated 2- μ m-wide central shaft. This "Warhammer" geometry achieved 8.5- μ s resolution coupled with improved force precision and sub-pN stability over 100 s when measured on a commercial AFM. We highlighted this cantilever's biological utility by first resolving a calmodulin unfolding intermediate previously undetected by AFM and then measuring the stabilization of calmodulin by myosin light chain kinase at dramatically higher unfolding velocities than in previous AFM studies. More generally, enhancing data quality via an improved combination of time resolution, force precision, and force stability will broadly benefit biological applications of AFM.
System identification of a low-order heat transfer model for shape memory alloy wires:

Shape memory alloys exhibit a strong thermomechanical coupling. This coupling has been modeled extensively using energy-based constitutive models. Equally as important in the dynamics of shape memo...
The Neuroendocrine System

For many years, the nervous system and the endocrine system were considered to be separate and quite different integrating systems. The nervous system was believed to produce responses mediated by chemical messengers that were small, rapidly acting, and rapidly metabolized molecules that exerted their effects in a very circumscribed region. The endocrine system, on the other hand, was viewed as a system that secreted large molecules into the general circulation and produced long-lasting, often general effects.
The impact of marital status on racial disparities in esophageal cancer care.

4056Background: It is well known that racial disparities exist in cancer treatment and outcomes. The present study examined the impact of marital status as a surrogate for social support on esophag...
Grid Integration of Building Systems and 1 MW Photovoltaic Array using VOLTTRON

We describe the goals, facets, and progress to-date of a grid integration project that seeks to control and stabilize the electric power demand/supply to mitigate intermittency and provide ancillary services to the grid. The University of Toledo features an all-electric Campus of Energy and Innovation with a 1 MW PV array. The VOLTTRON platform developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will be used to integrate this array with a Building Automation System and 130 kWh capacity Li-ion storage. Irradiance forecasting will be used to predict PV generation, and algorithmic control of the building and storage systems will enable management of power output and VAR to present as flat a response as possible to the grid.
Evaluation of a comprehensive school physical activity program: Be a Champion!

Abstract Background Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs (CSPAPs) are widely supported to increase physical activity (PA) in schools, but little has been reported to inform a comprehensive evaluation effort. The purpose of this report is to describe a comprehensive evaluation and monitoring strategy for CSPAP implementation. Methods The System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN), System for Observing Student Movement in Academic Routines and Transitions (SOSMART), and System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity (SOPLAY) were employed to record student and staff behaviors (2642 total scans). To assess policies, practices, and environments, a CSPAP Policies and Practices questionnaire was used, which included components of the School Health Index, the School PA Policy Assessment, the School Environment and Policies Survey, and the School Health Policies and Practices Study. Youth PA (minutes/day) was assessed using accelerometers. Results Working with school sites to ascertain the number of opportunities that are provided for PA and the amount of PA students engage in is challenging but feasible. The use of systematic observation, accelerometers, and questionnaires can provide a comprehensive representation of policies, practices, and behaviors to aid in establishing targeted PA action items. Conclusions Developing an evaluation framework that was rigorous enough to assess the physical, social, and policy environment of a school in order to answer the overarching research questions of the study but flexible enough to be feasibly streamlined for utilization by a school implementation team proved to be challenging but possible.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale for Pediatric Patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the nasal obstruction symptom scale within a sample of pediatric patients undergoing septoplasty or functional septorhinoplasty.Study DesignThis ...
Chapter 12 – Training Agents to Recognize Text by Example

Publisher Summary An important function of an agent is to be “on the lookout” for bits of information that are interesting to its user, even if these items appear in the midst of a larger body of unstructured information. The question is to decide which of these agents are meaningful and what is to be done with the result. Especially when agents are used to recognize text, parsers that require input in the form of textual grammar rules usually drive them. Editing grammar is difficult and error-prone for end users. Grammex (Grammars by Example) is the first direct manipulation interface designed to allow non-expert users to define grammars interactively. The user presents concrete examples of text that he or she would like the agent to recognize. An iterative process, in which Grammex heuristically parses the example and displays a set of hypotheses, constructs rules and the user critiques the system's suggestions. Actions to take upon recognition are also demonstrated by example.
Chapter 11 – Decapeptides

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses decapeptides synthesis. From 240,000 porcine hypothalamic, Schally and colleagues were able to isolate 11.4 mg of the decapeptide shown to be the luteinizing hormone-releasing factor/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor (LH-RH/ FSH-RH) or LRH. In humans, 1 Mg of the decapeptide is sufficient to stimulate the pituitary to synthesize and release LH and FSH. The medical possibilities for this discovery are impressive in respect to overcoming some cases of female sterility or as a new approach to contraception by disrupting the menstrual cycle or by means of analogs of the hormone that might inhibit the pituitary from releasing LH and FSH. The complete amino acid sequence of LRH may be necessary for maximum biological activity, and each amino acid may have an important role.
Assessment of ventilation-perfusion scans in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension before and after surgery and correlation with clinical parameters.

Abstract Purpose We did a comparative analysis of matched and mismatched defects in pre- and post-operative V/Q scans in CTEPH patients. We correlated the number of these defects with pre-operative clinical and hemodynamic parameters. Methods This was a retrospective study on 27 patients with CTEPH who underwent surgery. Pre- and post-operative V/Q scans were graded for each lung segment as normal, matched or mismatched defect. Additional pre- and post-operative clinical and hemodynamic parameters that were collected include New York Heart Association functional class, six-minute walk distance in feet, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, pulmonary arterial pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), right atrial pressure, cardiac output and cardiac index. Pulmonary vascular resistance was then calculated. Results On a segmental basis, 176 mismatched defects were noted in 27 patients, of which 111 improved post-surgery (63%). 22 of the 34 matched defects improved following surgery (64%). 31 new mismatched defects were observed. The number of pre-operative matched defects per patient ranged from 0 to 6. No statistically significant associations were observed between the number of pre-operative matched defects and pre-operative clinical parameters. No statistically significant associations were observed between the number of improved matched defects and the change in clinical parameters (pre- to post-surgery). Conclusion Both matched and mismatched defects on preoperative V/Q scans can show normalization post-surgery. The extent of matched defects on a preoperative V/Q scan does not correlate significantly with other clinical and hemodynamic parameters.
Ergodic theorem involving additive and multiplicative groups of a field and patterns

We establish a ‘diagonal’ ergodic theorem involving the additive and multiplicative groups of a countable field and, with the help of a new variant of Furstenberg’s correspondence principle, prove that any ‘large’ set in contains many configurations of the form . We also show that for any finite coloring of there are many such that and have the same color. Finally, by utilizing a finitistic version of our main ergodic theorem, we obtain combinatorial results pertaining to finite fields. In particular, we obtain an alternative proof for a result obtained by Cilleruelo [Combinatorial problems in finite fields and Sidon sets. Combinatorica 32(5) (2012), 497–511], showing that for any finite field and any subsets with , there exist such that and .
De-implementation of detrimental feeding practices: a pilot protocol.

Early childhood educators (ECEs) often use detrimental feeding practices and are slow to implement positive feeding practices. Nevertheless, few studies have aimed to understand and change ECEs’ feeding practices. This gap needs to be addressed because implementation (i.e., adding new, evidence-based practices) and de-implementation (i.e., stopping low-value or harmful practices) are distinct processes that require unique strategies. We will develop a de-implementation strategy for detrimental feeding practices using evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) sessions to engage stakeholders and draw on the Niven process model for de-implementation. Then, we will investigate the effects of the de-implementation strategy in a proof-of-principle study. The de-implementation strategy will be evaluated in 2 partnering childcare agencies using a pre-post, within-site design. For our primary outcome, we will interview educators throughout the school year to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and survey them with standard measures for assessing feasibility and acceptability. For secondary outcomes, we will investigate its effects on the use of detrimental and evidence-based feeding practices by teachers and impacts on child BMI and diet. The current study will establish the feasibility and acceptability of our de-implementation approach and will provide preliminary data toward 3 predicted secondary outcomes: (1) decreased detrimental feeding practices by ECEs, (2) increased adoption of and fidelity to nutrition promotion practices, and (3) improved child dietary outcomes. These results are expected to contribute to the uptake and sustainability of mealtime interventions to improve the diets of young children. Results will also apply to the field of implementation science by informing processes for developing de-implementation approaches in a community setting.
Gender disparities in advanced endoscopy fellowship

Background and study aims Women remain underrepresented in gastroenterology, especially advanced endoscopy. Women represent 30 % of general gastroenterology fellows; yet in 2019, only 12.8 % of fellows who matched into advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) programs were women. Methods We administered a web-based survey to the program directors (PDs) of AEF programs that participated in the 2018–2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) match. We assessed PD and program characteristics, in addition to perceived barriers and facilitators (scale 1–5, 5 = most important) influencing women pursuing AEF training. Results We received 38 (59.3 %) responses from 64 PDs. 15.8 % (6/38) of AEF PDs and 13.2 % (5/38) of endoscopy chiefs were women. By program, women represented 14.8 % (mean) ± 17.0 % (SD) of AEF faculty and 12.0 % (mean) ± 11.1 % (SD) of AEF trainees over the past 10 years. 47.4 % (18/38) programs reported no female advanced endoscopy faculty and 31.6 % (12/38) of programs have never had a female fellow. Percentage of female fellows was strongly associated with percentage of female AEF faculty (s = 0.43, P Conclusion We utilized a survey of AEF PDs participating in the ASGE match to determine program characteristics and identify contributors to gender disparity. Women represent a minority of AEF PDs, endoscopy chiefs, advanced endoscopy faculty and AEF trainees. Our study highlights perceived barriers and facilitators to recruitment, and emphasizes the importance of having female representation in faculty, and leadership positions in endoscopy.
Paired feed-forward excitation with delayed inhibition allows high frequency computations across brain regions

The transmission of high-frequency temporal information across brain regions is critical to perception, but the mechanisms underlying such transmission remain unclear. Long-range projection patterns across brain areas are often comprised of paired feedforward excitation followed closely by delayed inhibition, including the thalamic triad synapse, thalamic projections to cortex, and projections within hippocampus. Previous studies have shown that these joint projections produce a shortened period of depolarization, sharpening the timing window over which the postsynaptic neuron can fire. Here we show that these projections can facilitate the transmission of high-frequency computations even at frequencies that are highly filtered by neuronal membranes. Further, they can coordinate computations across multiple brain areas, even amid ongoing local activity. We suggest that paired feedforward excitation and inhibition provides a hybrid signal - carrying both a value and a clock-like trigger - to allow circuits to be responsive to input whenever it arrives.
Cancer-related subreddits: A comprehensive survey and correlation of membership and tumor subtype prevalence incidence, and survival

Background: Reddit is an anonymous, international, social media platform with 430 million active users;most are age 18-40 and a majority are male. Its discussion-based format is well-suited to healthcare, allowing patients, loved ones, and healthcare providers (HCPs) to interact, and numerous medical-focused 'subreddit' (SR) communities exist. Previous work has analyzed SR topics including breast cancer, radiation therapy, COVID-19, and depression. To date, no comprehensive list of cancer-related SRs has been compiled or analyzed. Methods: Between 1/7/21 and 2/10/21, a list of cancer-related keywords were queried on reddit.com, SRs were identified, and information was coded from their homepages;final membership numbers were updated on 2/10/21. Tumor subtypes included those listed on the SEER website (seer.cancer.gov/statfacts) where data on prevalence, annual incidence, death, and 5-year survival were pulled. Historical SR membership data was determined using subredditstats.com. Descriptive stats, Pearson's correlation, and regression were performed using R software and Excel. Results:36 cancer-related SRs were identified: 31 (86.1%) active in last 6 months, 17 (47.2%) with daily activity, 24 (66.7%) focused on tumor subtypes, 9 (25.0%) for general support and discussion, and 3 (8.3%) focused on treatment modalities. Median time since inception of SRs was 6 years (range 1 - 12), median number of members was 739 (range 42 - 36519), and median number of moderators was 2 (range 1 - 8). 16 (44.4%) had formal rules for members. Only 1 (2.7%) prohibited those without cancer from posting. Among the groups with > 500 members (25, 69.4%), median growth since 1/1/20 was 66% (range 10 - 370%). 16 (59.3%) of the 27 SEER tumor sub-types were represented by a SR, 5 (18.5%) of which had more than one SR, and 14 (51.8%) had > 500 members. Correlation and R Square via regression between tumor subtype prevalence, annual incidence, deaths, and 5-year survival and associated SR members was 0.61 and 0.368 (p = 0.02), 0.45 and 0.199 (p = 0.11), -0.07 and 0.005 (p = 0.82), 0.33 and 0.107 (p = 0.26), respectively. Based on the prevalence regression line, over-represented tumor subtypes include brain, testicular, and lymphoma. Underrepresented sub-types include cervical, ovarian, colon/rectal, prostate, and lung. Conclusions: SRs represent rapidly growing online communities for those with cancer to seek information and support. Many tumor subtypes are represented;however, some common cancers are either not represented (renal, liver, stomach, endometrial) or underrepresented (colon, prostate, lung). The demographic makeup of Reddit users may explain the over-representation of brain, testicular, and lymphoma, as they can arise in younger patients, particularly men. Future work should assess the content of specific SRs and investigate the role of anonymous HCP input.
Micro-characterisation of alkali activated paste with fly ash-GGBS-metakaolin binder system with ambient setting characteristics

Abstract The study reports properties of a stable and high strength ternary binder matrix using Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), and Metakaolin (MK). The bulk of the binder system is composed of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), while Metakaolin is added in three levels of 20%, 10%, 5% by weight, as suggested by the design of experiments. Alkali solution consisting of sodium hydroxide flakes and sodium silicate solution was used as the alkali activator. Fresh properties of all the Alkali Activated binder Pastes were studied to understand the Setting time and Mini-Slump. Mechanical properties of the hardened fly ash based ternary binder mortar were tested for compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) after 3, 7,28, and 56 days of curing. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field-Emission-Scanning-Electron-Microscope (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive-Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted in order to study the microstructural properties fly ash based ternary paste cured for 7 days. The compressive strength of hardened fly ash based ternary samples varied between 57.14 and 102.04 MPa. Ternary mixtures were observed to have a homogeneous and denser microstructure, with the development of various gels like CSH, CASH, NASH, and (N, C)-ASH.
The NOMAD instrument neutron detector array at the SNS

Abstract The neutron detector array for the Nanoscale-Ordered Materials Diffractometer instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source is discussed. The instrument employs a unique arrangement of helium-3 filled, linear position sensitive detectors in three distinct modular packages. Instrument specific requirements that lend to the unique detector design are discussed herein. This paper focuses on the mechanical design of the detector array, detector tube design, and specific detector performance aspects. Additionally, a general overview of helium-3 linear position sensitive detector physics , associated signal processing methods, and acceptance testing criteria are presented.
Genome and transcriptome sequencing of the green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata, reveals underlying factors of sheep flystrike and maggot debridement therapy.

Abstract The common green bottle blow fly Lucilia sericata (family, Calliphoridae) is widely used for maggot debridement therapy, which involves the application of sterile maggots to wounds. The larval excretions and secretions are important for consuming necrotic tissue and inhibiting bacterial growth in wounds of patients. Lucilia sericata is also of importance as a pest of sheep and in forensic studies to estimate a postmortem interval. Here we report the assembly of a 565.3 Mb genome from long read PacBio DNA sequencing of genomic DNA. The genome contains 14,704 predicted protein coding genes and 1709 non-coding genes. Targeted annotation and transcriptional analyses identified genes that are highly expressed in the larval salivary glands (secretions) and Malpighian tubules (excretions) under normal growth conditions and following heat stress. The genomic resources will underpin future genetic studies and in development of engineered strains for genetic control of L. sericata and for biotechnology-enhanced maggot therapy.
SU-E-J-91: Biomechanical Deformable Image Registration of Longitudinal Lung CT Images

Purpose: Spatial correlation of lung tissue across longitudinal images, as the patient responds to treatment, is a critical step in adaptive radiotherapy. The goal of this work is to expand a biomechanical model-based deformable registration algorithm (Morfeus) to achieve accurate registration in the presence of significant anatomical changes. Methods: Four lung cancer patients previously treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy that exhibited notable tumor shrinkage during treatment were retrospectively evaluated. Exhale breathhold CT scans were obtained at treatment planning (PCT) and following three weeks (W3CT) of treatment. For each patient, the PCT was registered to the W3CT using Morfeus, a biomechanical model-based deformable registration algorithm, consisting of boundary conditions on the lungs and incorporating a sliding interface between the lung and chest wall. To model the complex response of the lung, an extension to Morfeus has been developed: (i) The vessel tree was segmented by thresholding a vesselness image based on the Hessian matrix’s eigenvalues and the centerline was extracted; (ii) A 3D shape context method was used to find correspondences between the trees of the two images; (ii) Correspondences were used as additional boundary conditions (Morfeus+vBC). An expert independently identified corresponding landmarks well distributed in the lung to compute Targetmore » Registration Errors (TRE). Results: The TRE within 15mm of the tumor boundaries (on average 11 landmarks) is: 6.1±1.8, 4.6±1.1 and 3.8±2.3 mm after rigid registration, Morfeus and Morfeus+vBC, respectively. The TRE in the rest of the lung (on average 13 landmarks) is: 6.4±3.9, 4.7±2.2 and 3.6±1.9 mm, which is on the order of the 2mm isotropic dose grid vector (3.5mm). Conclusion: The addition of boundary conditions on the vessels improved the accuracy in modeling the response of the lung and tumor over the course of radiotherapy. Minimizing and modeling these geometrical uncertainties will enable future plan adaptation strategies. This work was funded in part by NIH 2P01CA059827-16.« less
The Practical Impact of Underenforced Professional Rules: Legal Advertising and Beyond

This partly empirical and partly analytic Article explores the ramifications of maintaining unenforced, or underenforced, rules in legal ethics codes. In essence, the Article asks the basic question "what do lawyers do when nobody is watching?" The Article takes as its paradigm legal advertising rules. Using the Yellow Pages from San Diego and other California jurisdictions as examples, the Article first establishes two facts: lawyers routinely violate advertising rules, and professional regulators almost never impose discipline in a way that is publicly reported. The Article then illustrates both that California is typical of American jurisdictions and that advertising regulation is simply one of many underenforced aspects of the legal ethics codes. Having made its empirical points, the Article next uses the legal advertising rules to make a series of analytic points. The Article first identifies explanations for the decisions of the regulators not to enforce the rules fully. The Article then considers the ramifications of underenforcement, including the effects on (1) lawyers considering whether to violate an underenforced rule, (2) lawyers more generally, (3) clients and observers of the bar, and (4) rulemakers and regulators. Finally, the Article draws a series of general conclusions concerning the impact of unenforced and underenforced professional rules. It considers whether all underenforced provisions have similar effects. It then identifies lessons we can learn from the advertising paradigm about the professional codes, code-drafting, and the way disciplinary decisionmaking should be structured.
Game Theory and Rational Decision

In its classical conception, game theory aspires to be a determinate decision theory for games, understood as elements of a structurally specified domain. Its aim is to determine for each game in the domain a complete solution to each player's decision problem, a solution valid for all real-world instantiations, regardless of context. “Permissiveness” would constrain the theory to designate as admissible for a player any conjecture consistent with the function's designation of admissible strategies for the other players. Given permissiveness and other appropriate constraints, solution sets must contain only Nash equilibria and at least one pure-strategy equilibrium, and there is no solution to games in which no symmetry invariant set of pure-strategy equilibria forms a Cartesian product. These results imply that the classical program is unrealizable. Moreover, the program is implicitly committed to permissiveness, through its common-knowledge assumptions and its commitment to equilibrium. The resulting incoherence deeply undermines the classical conception in a way that consolidates a long series of contextualist criticisms.
Studies of Catalysis by β-Glucuronidase: ACTIVE SITE

Abstract In an attempt to understand the structure of the active center of β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), the behavior of the kinetic parameters of the liver lysosomal enzyme as a function of pH was examined. The pH optimum of the enzyme in the presence of 0.65 m NaCl is 5.1. This dependence of maximal velocity on pH suggests that two dissociable groups are involved, for which the pK values 4.14 and 6.21 were calculated. These values, and those of the heats of dissociation calculated for these two groups, are suggestive of the participation of a carboxylate group and perhaps a carboxyl group in the catalysis. The inactivation of the enzyme by a carbodiimide and by isoxazolium salts is compatible with this hypothesis. The interaction between β-glucuronidase and phenolphthalein-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid was found to involve ionic forces, as suggested by the absence of substrate activity or inhibitory effects of p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranosiduronamide, by the greater inhibitory activity of an isoxazolium salt bearing a sulfonate group than of one that did not contain this group, and by the effect of ionic strength on the kinetic constant Vmax/Km. It was inferred from these findings that a cationic group at the active center of the enzyme is probably involved in attacking the substrate. That this cationic group is probably an imidazolium group was suggested by the inactivation effected by photooxidation, which was pH-dependent, and by diazonium salts.