cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Masculinity and stigma among emerging adult military members and veterans: implications for encouraging help-seeking

Emerging adult military members face occupational stressors that can lead to mental health issues including anxiety, depression, substance use, and PTSD. Serious mental health issues, including depression, and suicidality are increasing among young veterans. More than half of those experiencing a mental health problem do not seek help and could benefit from therapy. This qualitative study (1) revealed barriers to accessing mental health treatment and (2) provided ways to decrease stigma and encourage help seeking. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 emerging adult military members and asked about (1) barriers to mental health treatment and (2) ways to decrease these obstacles. Following a thematic analysis approach, two coders employed rigorous coding procedures using reflexive meetings and debriefings to find patterns using Excel and NVivo. Barriers to accessing mental health treatment exist at the systems, peers and leadership, and self-stigma (i.e., internalized) levels due to hegemonic masculinity tenants in the military. Suggestions to improve and encourage mental health treatment include implementing changes at the structural level in the military, increasing knowledge among the public sector, and improving education and training among helping professionals who are serving emerging adult military populations. Destigmatizing mental health treatment is no easy task but working collaboratively with emerging adult military members to understand their perceptions and attitudes can move us in a positive direction.
Developing Consensus Solutions to Overcriminalization Problems: The Way Ahead

The symposium issue this article is featured in prints papers that were presented initially at the conference on Overcriminalization 2.0: Developing Consensus Solutions held in Washington, D.C., on October 21, 2010. The basic themes of the conference were two-fold, both indicated in the conference title. First, as indicated by borrowing the cyber-term "2.0," the conference sought to advance the ongoing discussion of overcriminalization problems. Second, as indicated in the subtitle, and in the wide array of viewpoints invited to participate, the conference sought to focus on developing solutions to those problems that could achieve broad consensus support. In this concluding essay, my aim is to develop some of those ideas toward the longer-term objective of finding solutions that can achieve both consensus support and substantial potential for ameliorating the problems of overcriminalization. This essay develops three main themes. The first is consensus. As several conference participants pointed out, concerns about "overcriminalization"-the misuse or overuse of the criminal sanction-are neither new nor unique in America. Moreover, the breadth of that concern, across ideological or methodological divisions, is not new either. However, the current critique reflects both a remarkable degree of consensus, and the potential for even greater consensus-building as we move forward. While consensus-building is necessary, it may not be sufficient in itself to achieve successful reform. We have had some previous experience with broadly bipartisan law reforms gone awry, most notably the federal sentencing reform of the mid-1980s, which failed to account for the institutional incentives of the several actors that make up the criminal justice system. Therefore, the second theme developed here is the need to take an institutional perspective on reform initiatives. As is readily apparent from the first two themes, efforts at addressing overcriminalization problems can be fraught with pitfalls and perils. Accordingly, my third theme is to encourage patience, persistence, and modesty in reform efforts. The past history of reform efforts, especially at the federal level-both successful and unsuccessful-can be daunting to the most committed reformer. However, it is doubtful that there is any other responsible choice but to persevere.
Transport and dynamic analysis of magnetic nanoparticles in brain microvascular vessels

The number of patients with neurodegenerative disorders is growing rapidly, and it poses a major concern to discover effective therapies. The well-known deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease has irredeemable impact on the brain tissue. Magnetothermal stimulation is a good alternative though, it is still invasive due to stereotactic injection for nanoparticle delivery. A good solution to this issue is to take advantage of microvasculature and excite the nanoparticles inside the brain capillaries. Hence, transport and dynamic analysis of blood flow through a brain capillary is crucial. This article presents a two-dimensional theoretical study of a blood flow with magnetic nanoparticles through a capillary when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The magnetic nanoparticles are localized within the domain over time. The particle transport impacts and the dynamic interactions with the blood flow are elaborately investigated.
Untangling the Cloud from Edge Computing for IoT

Edge computing improves latency and scalability in IoT by shifting applications from cloud to edge servers. However, it requires a control plane in the cloud, which hinders reliability and scalability, is impractical for remote deployments, incurs considerable costs, and offers limited privacy controls. We propose reusing existing IoT gateways for compute, providing resource elasticity using heterogeneous edge hardware, and following a user-driven privacy model. We envision edge computing that is cost-effective, scalable, and privacy-aware, without the dependence on cloud. Our results show that gateways can be used to execute a significant subset of edge applications offering better scalability and responsiveness.
Fine mapping of a heading date QTL, Se16(t), under extremely long day conditions in rice

Heading date (flowering time) is a key trait that determines the yield and the adaptability of rice varieties. In the past 20 years, a number of genetic studies have been carried out to elucidate the genetic control of rice heading date, and many important genes have been cloned. These genes were identified under natural day (ND) conditions; however, little is known about the heading behavior under extreme day-length conditions. In this study, we identified a japonica variety, Sasanishiki, that showed sensitivity to extremely long days (ELD). Its heading date was significantly delayed for about 20 days under artificial ELD conditions that were achieved by setting a light emitting diode (LED) lamp beside a paddy field. We found that the late heading phenotype of Sasanishiki was induced when the day length was more than 14.75 h, and the LED light intensity was above 2 µmol m−2 s−1. Genetic analysis revealed that the photoperiod sensitivity of Sasanishiki was controlled by a dominant locus, temporarily named Se16(t). It was fine mapped to a 30.4-kb interval on chromosome 3, containing five predicted genes, including PHYC, a phytochrome encoding gene of rice. Our findings provide new information on the heading date under ELD conditions in rice.
The Planning and Evaluation of Mental Health Services in the United States

Mental health services in the United States are delivered in a variety of settings by a variety of medical and nonmedical professionals to a wide range of patient groups. These settings have multiple funding sources, both public and private, and mental health care is delivered through the general medical system, specialty services and a range of nonmedical systems in an unplanned and uncoordinated manner.
Abstract 368: Phage display derived antibodies for the detection of mesenchymal CTCs in TNBC

Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of patients allows clinicians to obtain immediate evidence of metastatic dissemination. CELLSEARCH® is the only method currently approved for CTC detection (1). The critical assumption of the CELLSEARCH® platform is that CTCs will express EpCAM, based on the fact that the cell of origin in carcinoma is epithelial. However, the key cellular event that gives rise to CTCs is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype within the primary tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated EMT marker gene expression in CTCs, especially during disease progression. (2, 3). Thus, the full complement of CTCs may not be effectively captured with existing CTC technologies that rely solely on epithelial marker expression. We have developed a competition based cell panning procedure which employs a commercially available single chain Fv (scFv) phage display library to identify antibodies with selective affinity to EMT phenotypic cells. HMLE cells as well as a sub-clone stably expressing Twist1 (HMLE-Twist1; a transcription factor known to induce EMT) were used for the panning. A two-color fluorescent scheme was employed to selectively sort the target cells from mixed populations containing the control cells, in the presence of phage library, via fluorescence activated cell sorting. Repeated iterations of this procedure yielded a scFv (‘clone 6′) with selective affinity to HMLE-Twist1cells. We then engineered a full length human IgG1 antibody in which the variable region sequences were derived from clone 6 scFv. The clone 6 IgG showed high affinity for metastatic cell lines (MDA-MB-231-LM2, LCC6, and HS578T). The antibody was also able to detect the presence of CTCs in an orthotopic MDA-MB-231-LM2 mouse tumor model. Intra-sample comparison showed distinct cell populations captured with anti-EpCAM antibody and Clone 6 IgG. Unlike those captured by anti-EpCAM antibody, the cells captured by Clone 6 were negative for EpCAM expression and were mesenchymal in phenotype. Future studies will examine the usefulness of clone 6 IgG in recognizing CTCs in patient samples. References 1. M. Cristofanilli et al., New Engl J Med 351, 781 (2004). 2. B. Aktas et al., Breast Cancer Res : BCR 11, R46 (2009). 3. G. Kallergi et al., Breast Cancer Research : BCR 13, R59 (2011). Citation Format: Stephen Kalscheuer, Jayanth Panyam. Phage display derived antibodies for the detection of mesenchymal CTCs in TNBC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 368. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-368
Sol-Gel Research—Achievements Since 1981 and Prospects for the Future

The beginning of the present era of Sol-Gel science and technology is perhaps best identified as the First International Workshop on Glasses and Glass Ceramics from Gels organized by the late Professor V. Gottardi and held in Padova in October 1981. Since that time there has been nine more Workshops held every two years all over the world. These past twenty years have witnessed the phenomenal growth of sol-gel research. Some 3000 papers have been published in this field. The objective of this report is to summarize some of the most significant research achievements and to discuss prospects for the future. Research in these past two decades is divided into three generations of solid gels: oxides, inorganic-organic hybrids and composites made from the suspension of a variety of solids in the hybrids. Some specific examples are presented. Although research accomplishments to date have been remarkable, success has created a proliferation of research conferences sponsored by seemingly too many professional groups. This and the duplication of research plus the lack of recognition by the scientific community on the value and direction of sol-gel research have cast a shadow on future prospects.
Gated Communities: International Perspectives edited by Rowland Atkinson and Sarah Blandy

Rowland Atkinson and Sarah Blandy (Eds.), Gated Communities: International Perspectives (London and New York: Routledge, 2006).Over the past two decades, gated communities have sprung up in emergin...
The Religious Revival in China

Since 1979, China has experienced a widespread revival of religious faith and practice. This article aims to provide an overview of this phenomenon, by examining the causes behind it, the variety and popularity of religions and the different profi les of believers. It suggests that China's religions are diverse, encompassing offi cial, unoffi cial, and folk religions, and that the revival is signifi cant and visible. According to official statistics, the five largest religions in 2003 counted 144 million believers, while the non-offi cial sources give the figure as nearer 200 million. The revival has been fuelled by a number of factors: the state's lifting of the ban to freedom of worship; popular disillusion with the official ideology; economic and social uncertainties in the wake of economic reforms and modernization; and the enduring resilience of religion and tradition. For ethnic minorities like Uighurs and Tibetans, the revival of their religion has been accompanied by a similar cultural renaissance. Buddhists and Daoists among the Han in Hubei Province come from a wide range of educational backgrounds and professions, although the majority of them are women or were born before 1956. The Han Buddhists and Daoists turn to religion primarily for practical reasons, that is, to gain some advantage in their earthly lives rather than looking for rewards in the afterlife. For this reason, religious fundamentalism may have limited appeal to the Han Chinese.
Induction of T cell clonal anergy results in resistance, whereas CD28-mediated costimulation primes for susceptibility to Fas- and Bax-mediated programmed cell death

Since TCR-mediated stimulation induces T cells to become sensitive to Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (Fas-AICD), we examined whether anergized and CD28-costimulated T cell clones were equally sensitive to Fas-AICD. Here, we show that TCR signal in the presence or absence of CD28 costimulation induced equivalent expression of Fas and Fas ligand. Although anergized cells expressed Fas and Fas ligand, they were resistant to Fas-AICD. Induction of anergy resulted in up-regulation and persistent expression of moderate amounts of bcl-xL and bax and absence of induction of bad. In contrast, CD28-costimulated cells that also expressed Fas and Fas ligand were initially resistant to Fas-AICD but became susceptible after 72 h of culture. Although Fas-mediated apoptosis was the major mechanism of AICD, the IL-1beta-converting enzyme-like protease inhibitor zVAD-FMK totally abrogated DNA fragmentation but not cell death, suggesting that additional Fas-independent apoptotic mechanisms were also operative. Resistance to apoptotic cell death was temporally associated with a dramatic increase of bcl-xL and the presence of bcl-xL:bax heterodimers. Subsequent sensitivity to AICD was associated with down-regulation of bcl-xL, induction of bad, and the displacement of bax from bcl-xL:bax heterodimers. Although induced following CD28 costimulation, bcl-2 did not protect against AICD. Therefore, besides its role in promotion of viability, prevention of anergy, and clonal expansion, CD28 costimulation also has a central role in the induction of subsequent AICD by up-regulating apoptotic mediators.
Heme Inhibition of Ferrisiderophore Reductase in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Heme was a noncompetitive inhibitor (apparent Ki and K′i = 0.043 mM) of a ferrisiderophore reductase purified from Bacillus subtilis; protoporphyrin IX had no effect. The cellular level of heme may partly regulate the function of this reductase to yield a controlled flow of iron into metabolism.
Anisotropy of the iron pnictide superconductor Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 ( x = 0.074 , T c = 23 K )

Anisotropies of electrical resistivity, upper critical field, London penetration depth, and critical currents have been measured in single crystals of the optimally doped iron pnictide superconductor $\text{Ba}{({\text{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x})}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ ($x=0.074$ and ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}23\text{ }\text{K}$). The normal-state resistivity anisotropy was obtained by employing both the Montgomery technique and direct measurements on samples cut along principal crystallographic directions. The ratio ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a}$ is about $4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ just above ${T}_{c}$ and becomes half of that at room temperature. The anisotropy of the upper critical field, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{H}={H}_{c2,ab}/{H}_{c2,c}$, as determined from specific-heat measurements close to ${T}_{c}$ is in the range of 2.1\char21{}2.6, depending on the criterion used. A comparable low anisotropy of the London penetration depth, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}={\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{ab}$, was recorded from tunnel diode resonator measurements and found to persist deep into the superconducting state. An anisotropy of comparable magnitude was also found in the critical currents, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{j}={j}_{c,ab}/{j}_{c,c}$, as determined from both direct transport measurements $(\ensuremath{\sim}1.5)$ and from the analysis of the magnetization data $(\ensuremath{\sim}3)$. Overall, our results show that iron pnictide superconductors manifest anisotropies consistent with essentially three-dimensional intermetallic compounds and bear little resemblance to cuprates.
Working with Beppo: Personal recollections

My association with Beppo lasted about six years, from the Summer of 1950 to the Spring of 1956. It was an intensive, rigorous training in many areas of scientific, historical, literary, inventive, political, and, yes, even artistic human endeavour.
Temperature dependent characteristics of intrinsically switchable ferroelectric composite FBARs

This paper presents temperature dependent characteristics of intrinsically switchable ferroelectric composite FBARs. Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 and Si are used to form a composite FBAR. Measurement results show that both series and parallel resonance frequencies decrease with the temperature. The temperature coefficient of frequency is approximately −35 ppm/°C. The variation of quality factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient is less than 6.5% and 6.2% above 20 V bias.
Uighur Stories from Along the Silk Road

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Cuiyi Wei and mp; Karl W. Luckert Year: 2000 Pages: ix + 345 Publisher: University Press of America Prices: $41.50
Introductory Astronomy as a Measure of Grade Inflation

We use four years of introductory astronomy scores to analyze the ability of the current population to perform college level work and measure the amount of grade inflation across various majors. Using an objective grading scale, one that is independent of grading curves, we find that 29% of intro astronomy students fail to meet minimal standards for college level work. Of the remaining students, 41% achieve satisfactory work, 30% achieve mastery of the topics. Intro astronomy scores correlate with SAT and college GPA. Sequential mapping of the objective grade scheme onto GPA finds that college grades are inflated by 0.2 for natural sciences majors, 0.3 for social sciences, professional schools and undeclared majors), 0.5 for humanities majors. It is unclear from the data whether grade inflation is due to easier grading curves or depression of course material. Experiments with student motivation tools indicates that poor student performance is due to deficiency in student abilities rather than social factors (such as study time or decreased interest in academics), i.e., more stringent admission standards would resolve grade inflation.
New Associate Editors and Reviews Editor

This article treats the tree circuit synthesis problem for families F= {f1, f2, ···, fm} of Boolean functions fj of the same three variables. In addition to the development of criteria for determining the most economical of the three possible tree circuit decompositions: (j= 1, 2,···, m) of a given family, certain upper bounds BT(3, m) are obtaie···,d on the " tree circuit cost" T( F) of such a fmily; these have the property tha regardless of the mebers of F, the in-equality T(F)?BT(3, m) holds and furthermore, a family Fists in which actualy attains this upper bound. These upper bounds or estimates are known to have a wide application in switching theory generally, and in particular in the theory of tree circuits and in the decomposition theory of Boolean functions.
Clinical features and outcomes of spinal cord infarction following vertebral artery dissection: a systematic review of the literature

AbstractObjective: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare complication of vertebral artery dissection (VAD). Its clinical features and outcomes have not yet been well documented.Methods: In addition to reporting a case with bilateral SCI caused by left VAD, we performed a systematic review of the literature conducted through a PubMed search.Results: A total of 17 cases were reviewed (nine men and eight women). The average age was 40·5±14·6 years. In addition to neck pain or headache (88%), patients with VAD-associated SCI often presented with a sensory level (76%) or Brown–Sequard syndrome (53%). The most common regions of dissection were at the V1 or proximal V2 segments, and the infarcted area of SCI was mainly located at C2–C5 levels. Regarding the vascular territory, posterior spinal artery infarction was noted in 29% of patients, spinal sulcal artery infarction in 42%, and anterior spinal artery (ASA) watershed infarction in 29%. Eleven patients (65%) had a good outcome and six patients (35%) had a p...
On hyperbolic splines

In recent years there has been an intense interest in spline functions (see [4] and references therein). Among the various classes of splines, the polynomial spline functions have received by far the greatest attention, primarily because they are the most useful in numerical computations. This, in turn, is due largely to the fact that the polynomial splines admit a basis of so-called B-splines which can be computed efficiently and accurately via certain recursion relations. Recently (see [3]) it was discovered that certain classes of trigonometric splines also admit of B-spline bases which satisfy similar recursion relations. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed discussion of a third class of splines, the hyperbolic splines, which also have a basis of B-splines which can be computed recursively. In addition to their value in certain applications and as an illustration of the space of L-splines (cf. [4]), the hyperbolic splines are of special interest in view of the fact (see [5]) that the only classes of splines which have B-spline bases computable by recursions are the polynomial, trigonometric, and hyperbolic splines. Our treatment of hyperbolic spiines depends heavily on obtaining explicit formulae for a related Green’s function, for determinants formed from the hyperbolic functions, and for certain associated hyperbolic divided differences. These results are developed in Sections 24. The hyperbolic Bsplines are introduced in Section 5, and the key recursion relation is established in Section 6. In the remaining sections of the paper we discuss the shape of the B-splines, a Peano kernel representation for divided differences, integrals of the B-splines, a Marsden-type identity, a partition of unity result, and, finally, give a basis and dual basis for 9. We turn now to the definition of hyperbolic splines. First we need some notation. Throughout the paper we shall use the abbreviations
Parafermions from non-abelian coset models

Abstract We generalize an earlier work on conformal coset models to the case of a non-abelian factor group. Starting with the gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten lagrangian, we derive the associated parafermion fields and deduce their Poisson brackets. We then present an explicit classical realization of these fields in terms of path ordered exponentials of free currents that satisfy an affine Lie algebra. This construction can be viewed as a non-abelian generalization of the standard free field representation of parafermions. Finally, we extended the classical construction to the full quantum mechanical case.
Photodynamic inactivation of free and vegetative bacteriophage T4

Abstract 1. 1. Free bacteriophage T4 is inactivated when it is irradiated with visible light in the presence of methylene blue. Earlier evidence suggested that an internal component of the phage is an important target because penetration of the dye is important for the lethal effect. Photodynamic inactivation is pH-dependent owing to an effect of H+ ions during irradiation rather than to their effect on penetration. Some irradiated phage can inject functional genetic material but lose their ability to form plaques, suggesting that their DNA is damaged. This was shown by marker rescue experiments with the rII gene; the gene was lost about two-thirds as rapidly as colony-forming ability. Loss of ability to inject is responsible for much of this ‘long-range hit’ effectiveness of photodynamic inactivation. The results suggest that 2 similarly sensitive targets exist in the free phage: the injection apparatus and DNA. 2. 2. Plaque formation by infected bacteria is initially nearly as sensitive as inactivation of free phages. DNA and protein synthesis are severely impaired. Contrary to the well known development of resistance to ultraviolet irradiation, X-rays of 32P decay, sensitivity to photodynamic inactivation does not change during early development. When rII mutants are used, resistance to photodynamic inactivation appears about 9 min after infection, or just before completed intracellular phages are formed. However, sensitivity of bacteria infected with r+ phage persists till about 15 min. In this case, the release of intact phage might be blocked, or the intracellular phage might be in a sensitive state. These results demonstrate another difference between rII and r+, perhaps one which permits lysis inhibition by photodynamic inactivation after infection with r+.
Growth and properties of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films on non-lattice-matched and polycrystalline substrates

The authors have investigated the nature of the in-situ growth of c-axis normal YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films on non-lattice-matched, vicinal, and polycrystalline MgO substrates and on buffer layers of MgO. It is found that the preparation of the MgO surface determines the structural and transport properties of the films. In particular, the authors were able to reproducibly grow films exhibiting either weak link behavior or very high critical current densities. The variation of the thin-film microstructure, oxygen content, and superconductive properties with the changes in the thin-film crystal structure that result from the different growth situations is discussed. The structural and transport measurements of YBCO films grown on various MgO surfaces clearly indicate the importance of obtaining a nucleation stage which will result in high-quality YBCO on non-lattice-matched substrates. Such considerations are of prime importance when the low-temperature growth of the cuprate superconductors is required in order to obtain a morphology which facilitates the use of lithographic processing and the growth of multilayer structures.
High false positive detection of security vulnerabilities: a case study

Static code analysis is an emerging technique for secure software development that analyzes large software code bases without execution to reveal potential vulnerabilities present in the code. These vulnerabilities include but are not limited to SQL injections, buffer overflows, cross site scripting, improper security settings, and information leakage.Software developers can spend many man-hours to track and fix the flagged vulnerabilities. Surveys show that a high percentage of discovered vulnerabilities are actually false positives.This paper presents a case study that found that context information regarding libraries could account for many of the false positives. We suggest future research incorporate context information into static analysis tools for security.
N-methylnicotinamide oxidation in hog liver.

Summary Hog-liver homogenates were found to oxidize N- methylnicotinamide to both N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carbox-amide. A paper-chromatographic system was devised for the separation of these isomers. Upon purification of the homogenates, it was found that xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3,2) was at least partially responsible for the formation of the N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide but not for the formation of the 4-pyridone. The xanthine oxidase-catalyzed reaction was studied in detail.
REFERENCE WORKS FOR LITERARY THEORY

The heady system of high‐pressure Continental air that drifted across the Atlantic and collided with the traditional cyclonic patterns of U.S. literary academe in the mid‐1960s precipitated a “Theory Revolution” that has brought a couple of decades of stormy and stimulating weather to the campus. The collision has produced occasionally furious debate and resulted for higher education in the kind of public attention customarily reserved for athletic scandals; it has kept tenuring processes in turmoil and publish‐or‐perish mills working round the clock.
Abstract 4593: Apigenin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells and exhibits anti-leukemic activity in athymic nude mice

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Purpose of the study: To investigate the functional role of Akt and JNK signaling cascades in apigenin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells (in vitro) and anti-leukemic activity of apigenin in U937 xenografts (in vivo). Experimental Design: Leukemia cells were treated with apigenin in dose and time dependent manners, after which apoptosis, caspases activation, Akt and JNK signaling pathways were evaluated by pharmacologic and genetic approaches. Parallel studies were also conducted in Jurkat, HL60 and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vivo anti-leukemic activity mediated by apigenin was evaluated using U937 xenograft mouse model. Results: Exposure of apigenin caused pronounced increase in apoptosis in leukemia cells but not in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Apigenin-induced apoptosis by inactivation of Akt with concomitant activation of JNK, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspases activation in dose and time dependent manners. Enforced activation of Akt by a constitutively active myristolated Akt prevented apigenin-induced JNK and caspases activation and apoptosis. Conversely, PI3K (phosphatidyl 3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002 and a dominant negative construct of Akt potentiated apigenin-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. In addition, Akt kinase activity was diminished after exposure to apigenin in leukemia cells. Interruption of JNK pathway by pharmacologic (SP600125) and genetic (JNK1 siRNA) approaches showed marked reduction in apigenin-induced caspases activation and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Furthermore, in vivo administration of apigenin via intraperitoneal route resulted in attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts accompanied by apoptosis. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggested a hierarchical model of apigenin-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells in which apigenin-induced Akt inactivation represents a primary event resulting in JNK activation and culminating in caspases activation and apoptosis. In addition, attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts by apigenin raise the possibility that apigenin may have clinical implications for therapeutic intervention against leukemia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4593. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4593
Effects of Job Attributes and Recruiting Practices on Applicant Decisions: A Comparison.

Previous research on the factors which affect applicant decisions concerning jobs has focused on the effects of either job attributes or recruiting practices. The present study examined the simultaneous impact of job attributes and recruiting practices on the likelihood of job acceptance by actual job applicants. Path analysis revealed that job attributes but not recruiting practices influenced the likelihood of job acceptance by graduating college students (N= 200). Given that college students might be expected to be the job applicants most swayed by recruiting practices because of their lack of work experience, the results suggest that the emphasis placed on recruiting practices as determinants of applicant decisions may be overstated in the literature.
Wildfires Alter Rodent Community Structure Across Four Vegetation Types in Southern California, USA

We surveyed burned and unburned plots across four habitat reserves in San Diego County, California, USA, in 2005 and 2006, to assess the effects of the 2003 wildfires on the community structure and relative abundance of rodent species. The reserves each contained multiple vegetation types (coastal sage scrub, chaparral, woodland, and grassland) and spanned from 250 m to 1078 m in elevation. Multivariate analyses revealed a more simplified rodent community structure in all burned habitats in comparison to unburned habitats. Reduction in shrub and tree cover was highly predictive of changes in post-fire rodent community structure in the burned coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. Reduction in cover was not predictive for the less substantially burned woodlands and grasslands, for which we hypothesized that interspecific competition played a greater role in post-fire community structure. Across vegetation types, generalists and open habitat specialists typically increased in relative abundance, whereas closed habitat specialists decreased. We documented significant increases in relative abundance of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) and Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans Merriam). In contrast, we found significant decreases in relative abundance for the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus Gambel), San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax Merriam), desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida Thomas), and brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii Baird). Currently, our research program involves assessment of whether habitat conservation plans (HCPs) in southern California provide long-term protection to HCP covered species, as well as preserve ecosystem function. The scenario of increased wildfires needs to be incorporated into this assessment. We discuss our results in relation to management and conservation planning under a future scenario of larger and more frequent wildfires in southern California.
Statistics Students' Mathematical Difficulties

(1977). Statistics Students' Mathematical Difficulties. Improving College and University Teaching: Vol. 25, Aspects of Liberal Learning, pp. 157-158.
Contrasting speech patterns in apraxia of speech and phonemic paraphasia

This study was designed to determine if perceptual phonological analysis would reveal distinctions between patients with apraxia of speech and patients with phonemic paraphasic speech. Test findings from 10 Broca's aphasics with apraxia of speech were compared to findings from 10 paraphasic speakers (5 conduction and 5 Wernicke's aphasics). Several marked differences were revealed. Predominant locus of errors and relative difficulty of different classes of phonemic segments were significant discriminators. There was a nonsignificant trend for substituted phonemes to be further from target phonetically in the paraphasic patients. In addition, the two groups showed certain consistent differences in the types of errors they produced. Apraxic patients produced many errors of transitionalization, while sequencing errors were more typical of the patients with phonemic paraphasia. The findings are interpreted in relation to a neuropsychological model of speech. It is suggested that phonemic paraphasia represents a breakdown mainly in the retrieval of phonological word patterns, while apraxia of speech is characterized predominantly by a disturbance in encoding phonological patterns into appropriate speech movements.
Exploring the Structure Space of Wildtype Ras Guided by Experimental Data

The Ras enzyme mediates critical signaling pathways in cell proliferation and development by transitioning between GTP- (active) and GDP-bound (inactive) states. Many cancers are linked to specific Ras mutations affecting its conformational switching between active and inactive states. A detailed understanding of the sequence-structure-function space in Ras is missing. In this paper, we provide the first steps towards such an understanding. We conduct a detailed analysis of X-ray structures of wildtype and mutant variants of Ras. We embed the structures onto a low-dimensional structure space by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and show that these structures are energetically feasible for wildtype Ras. We then propose a probabilistic conformational search algorithm to further populate the structure space of wildtype Ras. The algorithm explores a low-dimensional map as guided by the principal components obtained through PCA. Generated conformations are rebuilt in all-atom detail and energetically refined through Rosetta in order to further populate the structure space of wildtype Ras with energetically-feasible structures. Results show that a variety of novel structures are revealed, some of which reproduce experimental structures not subjected to the PCA but withheld for the purpose of validation. This work is a first step towards a comprehensive characterization of the sequence-structure space in Ras, which promises to reveal novel structures not probed in the wet laboratory, suggest new mutations, propose new binding sites, and even elucidate unknown interacting partners of Ras.
Child sexual abuse treatment: misinterpretation and mismanagement of child sexual behavior.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine caregiver understanding of the impact of child sexual abuse and the management of abused children in residential treatment. METHODS: A purposive sample of 20 registered nurses and child care workers were interviewed about their experiences working in residential treatment and their knowledge about child development and child sexual abuse and its application to practice. Data from interviews and field notes were analysed using dimensional analysis. FINDINGS: Caregivers had limited knowledge of the sequelae of child sexual abuse. Developmentally appropriate behaviour of sexually abused children, as well as behavioural manifestations of child sexual abuse, were often misinterpreted and mismanaged. CONCLUSION: Residential care of sexually abused children should be based on sound developmental principles and caregiver sensitivity. Language: en
Characterization/Modeling of Wire Screen Insulation for Deep-Water Pipes

The amount of oil consumption has been rapidly increas ing around the world; consequently , industries have expanded to offshore exploration in to deep sea waters . At sea floor depths , pipe insulation is essential to prevent the blockage with in the pipe due to paraffin build -up within crude oil . To maintain a proper inner crude oil temperature , ab ove the paraffin formation point, insulation techniques have been used to overcome the thermal issue , but these technologies still have limitations. In this study, the objective was to develop an analytical model for a wire screen joint which contained bo th nonconforming and conforming interfaces , and then compare the predicted results to experimental measured data for validation. The experimental study for this novel insulation techn ology consisted of a coaxial pipe fabricated from P110 -4140 steel with a low conductivity wire screen (Stainless Steel) as the interstitial insulation material inserted at the annulus .
Plasma homocysteine predicts progression of atherosclerosis

Abstract Mini abstract: Three emerging risk factors potentially useful in predicting future cardiac events are electron-beam computed tomography (EBT), homocysteine(HCY), and C-reactive Protein (CRP). We evaluated a cohort of 133 serial asymptomatic patients, who underwent two consecutive EBT scans (8–84 months apart) and a comprehensive cardiac risk factor assessment, including measurements for lipids, ultrasensitive CRP and homocysteine. Individuals with elevated HCY (≥12μmol/L) demonstrated a mean increase in CC progression of 35% per year, while those with HCY p =0.0008). Patients with a level equal to or lower than the median value of CRP (0.8mg/L) had a median yearly progression of 22%, compared to 21% for those with CRP value=0.9–11mg/L ( p =ns). Presence of elevated HCY (>12μmol/L) strongly and independently predicts progression of coronary plaque burden. Background: Despite the availability of effective preventive therapies, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Use of traditional cardiovascular risk factors is imprecise and predicts less than one half of future cardiovascular events. Three ‘emerging risk factors', as potential means of identifying subclinical atherosclerosis and predicting future cardiovascular events, are electron-beam computed tomography, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein. Given the evidence that HCY and CRP are involved in atherogenesis, we hypothesized that significant progression of EBT calcium score (a measure of atherosclerotic plaque burden) is associated with higher levels of these markers. Methods: We evaluated 133 asymptomatic patients (100 men, 33 women; mean age was 61±9 years) who underwent previous EBT calcium score testing at Harbor-UCLA 8–80 months prior to enrollment (mean follow-up 20 months). Exclusion criteria included those with known or symptomatic CAD and chronic renal disease. During enrollment, we measured risk factors, serum HCY, serum lipids, ultrasensitive-CRP, and repeat EBT calcium scan. Statistical analysis was performed using probable Chi square method, and Student's t -test. Results: Individuals with elevated HCY (≥12μmol/L) demonstrated a mean increase in CC progression of 35% per year, while those with HCY p =0.0008). Patients with a level equal to or lower than the median value of CRP (0.8mg/L) had a median yearly progression of 22%, compared to 21% for those with CRP value=0.9–11mg/L ( p =ns). Neither cholesterol values, body mass index, gender, age nor presence of individual risk factors predicted progression of coronary calcium. Conclusion: Presence of elevated HCY (>12μmol/L) strongly and independently predicts progression of coronary plaque burden.
Guidance of the college-bound

This paper discusses the paradox which exists between counselor education and counselor practice as related to counseling and guidance of the college-bound. Theory and research about higher education, the school counselor mandate concept, and implications for strengthening counselor education are explored. The position is taken that the gap between counselor education and counselor practice in guidance services for the college-bound is too great but that correctives exist which must be examined and implemented.
Determinants of Telemedicine Utilization in Rural America: Application of the Dynamic Capability Theory

Health organizations in rural America are often unable to fulfill local demands due to shortages of physicians and medical facilities. Telemedicine has emerged as a promising technology to compensate these inadequacies by means of virtual care. Yet, acceptance towards telemedicine varies, as administrators are unsure the costs and benefits of this new technology for their respective organizations. Previous research has analyzed empirical data to account for variations in telemedicine utilization but often without interpreting the findings with a conceptual lens. This paper analyzes a set of preliminary data with the dynamic theory framework borrowed from management scholars. The analysis will help health administrators make better sense of variations in telemedicine utilization and better utilize this technology to address the problem of unequal access in the rural health sector.
Control of plant respiration through non-photosynthetic light action

THE effects of photosynthetically active light on carbon loss by plants are attracting much attention1,2, but light action through mechanisms other than photosynthesis, though demonstrated as early as 1954 (ref. 3), is usually ignored in discussions of metabolic inefficiencies. Nevertheless, dim red light acting through phytochrome can clearly regulate the time course of CO2 output in axenic cultures of Lemna perpusilla. The precise pattern of output under a given light schedule depends on the nitrogen source supplied; on nitrate or ammonium, the main daily peak seems to be timed in the same manner as some aspects of the photoperiodic control of flowering4–6. Essentially parallel results on O2 uptake are reported here, indicating that the phenomena in question are respiratory in a reasonably strict sense.
WHO Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current and investigative therapies

Major advances have been made in the treatment of World Health Organization Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Since the mid-1990s, nine medications have become available in the United States to target three key pathophysiologic derangements in PAH - the prostacyclin, endothelin, and nitric oxide pathways. As a group, these agents have led to improvements in functional capacity, symptoms, hemodynamics, and survival. Most patients with mild to moderate PAH are started on orally active agents such as endothelin receptor antagonists or phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Patients with more severe disease, particularly those with evidence of right heart failure, should be treated with continuous prostacyclin infusion or a combination of a prostacyclin and oral therapy. Each medication has unique properties and clinical considerations, and the selection of an appropriate therapy must be tailored to the individual patient. None of the currently available WHO Group 1 PAH therapies are curative, however, and it is the hope that new therapies in development may halt or reverse disease progression. This review will discuss the major therapeutic classes of presently available medications and their role in managing the patient with PAH. We will also review data supporting the use of combination therapy, adjuvant background therapy, and new agents currently under investigation.
THE THYROTROPIC HORMONE IN THE PITUITARY OF THE ALBINO RAT DURING GROWTH, PREGNANCY AND LACTATION1

DEVELOPMENT of a sensitive assay method for the thyrotropic Whormone using the day-old White Leghorn chick (1), it became possible to determine the amount of this factor present in the pituitary of small experimental animals during growth, reproduction and lactation. The studies of Junkman and Schoeiler (2) and McQueen-Williams (3) indicated that the rat pituitary contained relatively large amounts of this factor, so this animal was chosen for the initial study. As the lactogenic hormone of the rat pituitary had been traced through the same stages (4) the relation of these two hormones to growth and milk secretion was an added reason for study of the rat. It is recognized that the amount of hormone present in the pituitary at any given stage of development may not represent the rate of its secretion, yet until such data has been obtained it will not be possible to determine the true situation.
Reconstruction in a thin film: Epitaxial Pt on Pd(100)

We have determined the number of atomic layers necessary to support the bulk-like (5×1) reconstruction in a thin film of platinum on a Pd(100) substrate. The Pt film grows layer-by-layer, epitaxially, up to at least three atomic layers at room temperature. It reconstructs at ∼420 K, similar to surfaces of bulk Pt. Reconstruction takes place at Pt coverages above 1/3 monolayer, i.e. only one atomic layer of Pt is necessary to support the reconstruction in this system.