cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Housing Instability and Poor Diet Quality Among Urban Families.

Abstract Objective To examine associations between housing instability and poor diet quality in a sample of urban parents and children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 340 parent/guardian–child dyads visiting a pediatric primary care center in Boston, Massachusetts. The parent/guardian (hereafter, parent) completed 2 Harvard Service Food Frequency Questionnaires, one regarding their own dietary intake and one regarding their child's intake, and an assessment of health-related social needs. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010; score range 0–100). Housing instability was defined as: 1) homeless or in sheltered housing, 2) doubled up with another family, 3) utilities threatened or shut off, or 4) concerned about eviction. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure associations between unstable housing and lowest-quartile HEI-2010 scores, adjusting for parent age, race/ethnicity, education, income, and child age. Results Median (interquartile range) parent and child HEI-2010 scores were 63.8 (56.3–70.8) and 59.0 (54.2–64.7), respectively. Housing instability was found in 136 dyads (40%). In multivariable analysis, it was associated with increased odds of lowest-quartile total parent HEI-2010 scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.1–3.5) but not child scores (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.8–2.5). It also was associated with increased odds of lowest-quartile parent HEI-2010 dietary component scores for Total vegetables and Greens and beans (aOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.7 and aOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–4.8, respectively). Conclusions In this urban primary care population, housing instability is associated with lower diet quality scores for parents but not children. Lower vegetable consumption appears to drive this association.
Impacts of Infections and Predation on Dynamics of Sexually Reproducing Populations

Although sexual reproduction is ubiquitous, population models are commonly formulated as asexual. The major arguments behind this conceptual simplification are two: females are always able to secure a male for reproduction or both sexes share common life history. Whereas the first argument fails when females have increasing difficulty to mate when population density declines, the second argument does not apply when predators attack female and male prey at different rates. But even if both sexes share common life history, the conventional population models and models that start with explicit mating dynamics may eventually differ, and produce different predictions. Here I present some of my previous work to show how sexually transmitted infections and sex-specific predation may modify dynamics predicted by conventional asexual models. I start with sex-structured population models that I extend to include infections and predation, claiming that this practice can take one to a properly formulated population model, whether sexual or asexual.
To Read Is Human, to Watch Divine—Engineering EML Webinar

Extreme Mechanics Letters, an Elsevier journal, has recently launched a weekly EML Webinar, an online meeting place for mechanicians and their friends, worldwide. The lectures and discussions shed light on the forefront of research and the formative years of researchers, no travel required. Speakers and videos are updated at http://iMechanica.org/node/24098 .
A high coverage view of the thermodynamics and metal abundance in the outskirts of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 2199

We present a joint Suzaku and XMM-Newton analysis of the outskirts of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 2199, the only nearby galaxy cluster to be observed with near complete azimuthal coverage with Suzaku. Using the XMM-Newton observations to correct for the effects of gas clumping, we find that the azimuthally averaged entropy profile in the outskirts follows a power law with a slope of $1.20 \pm 0.23$, statistically consistent with a slope of 1.1 predicted by non-radiative simulations for purely gravitational hierarchical structure formation. However, when divided into 10 sectors, the entropy shows significant azimuthal variation, with some sectors lying below the baseline level. The azimuthally averaged gas mass fraction is found to agree with the cosmic mean baryon fraction. The metal abundance in the outskirts is found to be consistent with being uniform in all directions and it has an average value of $0.29_{-0.03}^{+0.03}\,Z_{\odot}$, consistent with the gas accreting onto clusters being pre-enriched with metals.
E-177 Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage

Background Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) has been shown to be a predictor of symptomatic carotid artery disease, independent of degree of carotid stenosis. The association between modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, demographics and lab values has not been extensively studied. Methods We reviewed our institutional series of patients who have undergone dedicated carotid plaque imaging over a 3-year period and report the association between various demographic and clinical variables and the presence of plaque hemorrhage. Patients with dedicated carotid plaque imaging were categorized into two groups: those with IPH and those without. Results 643 total patients were reviewed. 114 patients (17.7%) had intraplaque hemorrhage on carotid plaque imaging sequences compared to 529 patients (82.3%) without. Patients with IPH had a mean age of 76.0 years compared to 60.1 years in those without IPH (P≤0.0001). 79% of patients with IPH were male, compared to 49.5% without IPH (P≤0.0001). 39.5% of patients with IPH had coronary artery disease compared to 23.1% of patients without IPH (P=0.0003). The IPH group also had higher proportions of patients with hypertension (77.2% vs. 60.7%, P=0.009), hyperlipidemia (89.5% vs. 62.4%, P≤0.0001), diabetes mellitus (89.5% vs. 62.4%, P=0.01) and a history of tobacco smoking (63.2% vs. 52.6%, P=0.003) as compared those without IPH. Conclusions IPH is associated with well-known non-modifiable and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with these risk factors are therefore more likely to have IPH within carotid plaques as compared to patients without these risk factors. These factors likely play a role in IPH pathophysiology. Consideration of such risk factors is important in considering patients to be at risk for ischemic stroke from carotid plaque. Disclosures A. Larson: None. J. Benson: None. G. Lanzino: None. W. Brinjikji: None.
The impact of transitions related to COVID-19 on pharmacy student well-being

Objective. To characterize the impact of COVID-19 transitions on first professional year (P1) students' domain-specific and overall well-being.Methods. All P1 students (N=74) enrolled at one college of pharmacy self-reported their career, community, financial, physical, social, and overall well-being on a weekly basis from January 6 through April 27, 2020. Parametric statistical tests and effect sizes were used to compare well-being scores pre-transition and post-transition and to compare well-being scores to a previous cohort of P1 students.Results. Mean well-being scores decreased when comparing pre-transition vs post-transition scores, with effect sizes ranging from dav=.16 for financial well-being to dav=.84 for social well-being. The average percent of students that reported struggling increased by 86.1% (16.8% vs 31.2%) post-transition, and the average percent of students that reported suffering post-transition was 351% higher (1.3% vs 6%) than pre-transition.Conclusion. Pharmacy students' domain specific and overall well-being significantly decreased with COVID-19-related transitions. The percentage of students reporting struggling or suffering significantly increased post-transition.
“Believe Me”: Authenticity, Federal Social Media Use, and the Problematized Record in the American Digital Public Sphere

This article addresses current issues in authenticating and managing digital-born social media records, with reference to the Twitter output of the sitting President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, and members of his Administration. Focusing on Trump’s considerable corpus of tweets created after his inauguration on January 20, 2017, it employs scholarship from archival studies, legal studies, and communication and media studies to explore conjunctive questions of authenticity and its components of identity and integrity in social media records, as well as those records’ roles as archivable objects, legal evidence, and expressions of American information culture within the digital public sphere. Due to the perpetually changing nature of the subject, this article highlights complexities of and raises questions about governmental creation and management of problematized social media records in the United States more than answers them, with the hope that it can act as a springboard for further research. Ultimately, it aims to lead toward a praxis of information management in the United States that eventually rebuilds public trust in governmental institutions and practices, and most importantly, strengthens the transparency and accountability of political leadership on the federal, state, and local levels. Pre-print first published online 03/03/2019
Rectosigmoid Cancer - Rectal Cancer or Sigmoid Cancer?

Purpose/objective(s) Locally advanced rectosigmoid adenocarcinomas are treated with either neoadjuvant (NA) chemoradiation or upfront surgery (sx). We determined outcomes with both treatment approaches and whether outcomes vary by anatomic landmarks. Materials/methods We identified 161 pts with non-metastatic T3-T4 and/or N+ rectosigmoid cancers who underwent sx. with NA (radiation with or without chemotherapy) or adjuvant (adj) therapy from 2006 to 2018 at our institution. We included pts with available imaging and with primary tumor located 9-20 cm from the anal verge (AV) on staging CT, MRI, or colonoscopy. We reviewed the relationship of the primary tumor to the peritoneal reflection (PR) and sacral promontory (SP). Comparisons between the NA and adj. groups were performed using Fisher's exact test. Cumulative incidence of locoregional failure (LRF), distant failure (DF), and overall survival (OS) were compared using Kaplan-Meier. Results Of the study cohort, 97 pts had NA therapy and 64 pts had upfront sx. Median follow-up was 45.1 months. Pts who had NA therapy were younger, had tumors that were lower and more likely below the PR and with threatened circumferential resection margins (CRM), fewer cycles of adj chemotherapy, and higher cT stage (Table 1). The 3-year OS was 97.5% in the NA group versus 93.7% for upfront sx 2-year cumulative incidence of LRF was 5.2% (NA) vs 5.6% (upfront sx), P = 0.91. 2-year cumulative incidence of DF was 9.2% (NA) vs 10.4% (upfront sx), P = 0.54. Of the 10 pts total with LRF, 8 and 6 occurred in pts with tumors straddling/above the PR and > 10 cm from AV on imaging, respectively. None of the 3 pts with tumors Conclusion Pts with locally advanced rectosigmoid cancer treated with NA therapy had tumors closer to the AV and more advanced primaries. Despite these negative prognostic factors, they had cancer control outcomes similar to pts with higher, lower stage tumors treated with upfront sx. Pts with tumors below the PR or
Obligation and Entitlement in Society and the Workplace

This paper describes a model of self-perceptions about what is owed and what is deserved in society based on research on self-interest and other-orientation. Scales measuring obligation and entitlement were developed using the responses of over 10,000 participants from around the world. Results show that obligation and entitlement are not ends on the same self-interest continuum but are better conceptualised as independent constructs. Obligation and entitlement were also shown to predict prosocial behavior including interpersonal organisational citizenship behaviors, volunteering, and charitable giving. Geographical differences in obligation and entitlement suggest that these constructs may be useful for understanding cultural differences in social investment around the world. A second study of employees in the United States investigated the role of obligation and entitlement in predicting work engagement and effectiveness in the workplace. Obligation predicted engagement and organisational citizenship behaviors, while entitlement was generally less predictive of workplace attitudes and behaviors. This paper concludes with a number of future directions for the continued study of obligation and entitlement in the workplace.
Optical probes of ultrafast electron dynamics in photoexcited ferroelectrics

THz emission spectroscopy and time resolved second harmonic generation are used to probe transient electron dynamics in ferroelectric PbTiO 3 and multiferroic BiFeO 3 .
Coordination synthesis on metal centers : VII. Reaction of tris(2-, 3-, and 4-methoxyphenyl)chromium with 2-butyne☆

Abstract All the major, and some of the minor, products formed by the interaction of tris(2, 3-, and 4-methoxyphenyl)chromium and 2-butyne have been isolated and identified. In the reaction of tris(2-methoxyphenyl)chromium, a novel reaction (methoxyl extrusion), involving the formation of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylnaphthalene, has been detected. Deuterolytic studies in the same system have proved cis -(2-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 )C(CH 3 )C(CH 3 )Cr is formed during the reaction. The mechanism of the reaction of organochromium compounds with acetylenes is discussed in terms of these new results.
VELAMENTOUS INSERTION OF THE CORD IN EARLY PREGNANCY.

Abstract Velamentous insertion of the cord is commoner in abortion specimens than in fullterm infants, and it is associated with a high incidence of malformations. Possible factors causing velamentous insertion of the cord in man are: oblique implantation, deep implantation, or unequal expansion of the amniotic sac.
The cytolytic changes of the vaginal epithelial cells and the leukorrhea following estrogenic therapy

Abstract Cytolysis and a distinct type of leukorrhea can occur after estrogenic therapy and can be inhibited in many cases with a single intravaginal application of a bacteriostatic drug. The importance of cytologic and bacteriologic investigations in cases of leukorrhea prior to therapy is emphasized.
Poetry in Review: Robert Lowell

Book reviewed in this article: Robert Lowell (edited by Frank Bidart and David Gewanter), Collected Poems
Droplet Sizes and Velocities in a Transient Diesel Fuel Spray

Abstract : Simultaneous droplet sizes and velocities were obtained for a transient diesel fuel spray in a quiescent chamber at atmospheric temperature and pressure. Instantaneous injection pressure, needle lift, and rate of injection were also measured, allowing calculation of the instantaneous nozzle discharge coefficient. Short-exposure still photographs were obtained at various chamber pressure and densities to further investigate this spray. Correlations between droplet size and velocity were determined at each crank angle to observe the detailed nature of the transient events occurring in this transient diesel fuel spray. As expected, peak mean and rms velocities are observed in the center of the spray. Measured average velocities are consistent with a calculated value, using the discharge coefficient for the nozzle and the known rate of fuel injection. The spray was nearly symmetric, with higher velocities occurring near the injector tip, and the radial dependence of velocity consistent with that observed from the spray photographs. Factors observed to effect the droplet size and velocity distributions and history include pump speed, fuel quantity delivered, and needle lift. Reprints. (aw)
Coordination of tax policies toward inward foreign direct investment

We study competition for foreign direct investment (FDI) between host countries and the implications of tax policy coordination between them. By reducing its tax on multinational production, a host country can attract additional FDI, some of which is diverted from other host countries. The shift in FDI causes host wages to rise while wages elsewhere fall. The host country with the lower natural attractiveness for FDI (absent intervention) adopts a smaller tax on multinational production. Coordination between hosts eliminates the FDI diversion effect and leads them to impose a harmonized FDI tax that is larger than their non-cooperative tax levels.
Improving mental and physical health outcomes in general healthcare settings: a Gedenkschrift in honor of Wayne Katon, MD (1950–2015)

This special article pays tribute to Wayne Katon, MD (1950-2015) with a Gedenkschrift, or review, of his prolific academic career. Abstracts of all of Dr. Katon's Medline citations were reviewed to develop a narrative of his seminal epidemiological and interventional research findings. Specifically, we describe: (a) how Dr. Katon's clinical work and observational epidemiology and health services research informed and guided interventional studies; (b) the evolution of multidisciplinary interventional trials from primary care-based psychiatric consultation to primary care-based collaborative care for depression to multicondition collaborative care; and (c) how Dr. Katon's research has informed the work of other leading researchers in the field of psychosomatic medicine and helped develop a new generation of researchers at the interface of psychiatry and primary care. For more than three decades, Dr. Katon led a multidisciplinary research team that conducted seminal epidemiological studies and randomized trials and that influenced the thinking and research in the field of psychiatry in a number of areas: (a) the importance and impact of mental disorders presenting in primary care settings and (b) the organization of effective multidisciplinary care for primary care patients with common mental disorders and comorbid medical conditions. Dr. Katon's work revolutionized the care of psychiatric illnesses in primary care and other medical care settings to the benefit of countless patients worldwide.
Maternal attitudes, depression, and anxiety in pregnant and postpartum multiparous women.

The Attitudes Toward Motherhood (AToM) Scale was developed to assess women’s beliefs about motherhood, a specific risk factor for emotional distress in perinatal populations. As the measure was initially developed and validated for use among first-time mothers, this study assessed the reliability and validity of the AToM Scale in a sample of multiparous women. Maternal attitudes were significantly associated with symptoms of depression, even after controlling for demographic, cognitive, and interpersonal risk factors. Maternal attitudes were also associated with symptoms of anxiety after controlling for demographic risk factors, but this association was not significant after accounting for cognitive and interpersonal risk factors. Compared to primiparous women from the initial validation study of the AToM Scale, multiparous women reported lower levels of social support and marital satisfaction. The relationships between cognitive and interpersonal risk factors and symptoms of depression and anxiety were comparable between multiparous and primiparous women.
The Effect of Substance Use in Pregnancy on the Risk of Infant Mortality

Abstract Using data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS), this study examined the effect of maternal substance use during pregnancy on infant mortality in the United States. Logistic regression models were fitted to a 1988 cohort of births to study infant deaths. The results of the logistic regression models indicated that cigarette smoking and cocaine / crack use were associated with significantly higher risk of infant death. Mothers who smoked 1–19 cigarettes per day while pregnant were 38 percent more likely to experience infant mortality than nonsmokers. Heavy users of cocaine / crack were over twice as likely to have infant death as nonusers. Light cocaine users experienced a risk of infant mortality that was over three times that of nonusers. In general, alcohol consumption and marijuana / hash use in pregnancy had no significant effects on infant mortality. Analysis showed that while birth weight is the primary pathway by which cigarettes and cocaine / crack increase the...
Nonprofits and Accreditation: Exploring the Implications for Accountability

In the nonprofit sector of the United States, particularly in the health and human service subsectors, accreditation has emerged as an accountability tool, with some government agencies requiring that service providers be accredited. Using data gathered through interviews with nonprofit executives from organizations currently accredited by the Council on Accreditation, this article explores why some nonprofit organizations choose to become accredited, the benefits associated with accreditation, and the challenges or drawbacks. The article also examines how the performance and quality improvement standards associated with the accreditation process can serve as tools to institutionalize the process of gathering and using performance measurement data in nonprofit organizations.
There are Some Things I Don’t Want to Know: Leichsenring and Rabung’s Long Road to the 2008 JAMA Report

Psychodynamic practitioners have been slow to evaluate their outcomes empirically and to disseminate these findings publicly. This historic stance is changing, with psychoanalytic leaders now calling for more empirical research and with important, recent contributions. This response lauds the JAMA paper as a developmental achievement among dynamic theorists, and as an example of the kind of interdisciplinary scholarship which is needed. The author offers a critique and raises questions about what constitutes the treatment in these quite disparate treatments, spanning 25 years. It compares their findings to those of a current, clinic-based longitudinal study (N = 1,050), and asks if this latter study’s findings might challenge or at least complicate some of the strong assertions Leichsenring and Rabung make.
Golgi Localization of Syne-1

We have previously identified a Golgi-localized spectrin isoform by using an antibody to the beta-subunit of erythrocyte spectrin. In this study, we show that a screen of a lambdagt11 expression library resulted in the isolation of an approximately 5-kb partial cDNA from a Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line, which encoded a polypeptide of 1697 amino acids with low, but detectable, sequence homology to spectrin (37%). A blast search revealed that this clone overlaps with the 5' end of a recently identified spectrin family member Syne-1B/Nesprin-1beta, an alternately transcribed gene with muscle-specific forms that bind acetylcholine receptor and associate with the nuclear envelope. By comparing the sequence of the MDBK clone with sequence data from the human genome database, we have determined that this cDNA represents a central portion of a very large gene ( approximately 500 kb), encoding an approximately 25-kb transcript that we refer to as Syne-1. Syne-1 encodes a large polypeptide (8406 amino acids) with multiple spectrin repeats and a region at its amino terminus with high homology to the actin binding domains of conventional spectrins. Golgi localization for this spectrin-like protein was demonstrated by expression of epitope-tagged fragments in MDBK and COS cells, identifying two distinct Golgi binding sites, and by immunofluorescence microscopy by using several different antibody preparations. One of the Golgi binding domains on Syne-1 acts as a dominant negative inhibitor that alters the structure of the Golgi complex, which collapses into a condensed structure near the centrosome in transfected epithelial cells. We conclude that the Syne-1 gene is expressed in a variety of forms that are multifunctional and are capable of functioning at both the Golgi and the nuclear envelope, perhaps linking the two organelles during muscle differentiation.
Calcium and retinal function

We survey the primary roles of calcium in retinal function, including photoreceptor transduction, transmitter release by different classes of retinal neuron, calcium-mediated regulation of gap-junctional conductance, activation of certain voltage-gated channels for K+ and Cl-, and modulation of postsynaptic potentials in retinal ganglion cells. We discuss three mechanisms for changing [Ca2+]i, which include flux through voltage-gated calcium channels, through ligand-gated channels, and by release from stores. The neuromodulatory pathways affecting each of these routes of entry are considered. The many neuromodulatory mechanisms in which calcium is a player are described and their effects upon retinal function discussed.
Gang migration of virtual machines using cluster-wide deduplication

Gang migration refers to the simultaneous live migration of multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) from one set of physical machines to another in response to events such as load spikes and imminent failures. Gang migration generates a large volume of network traffic and can overload the core network links and switches in a data center. In this paper, we present an approach to reduce the network overhead of gang migration using global deduplication (GMGD). GMGD identifies and eliminates the retransmission of duplicate memory pages among VMs running on multiple physical machines in the cluster. We describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a GMGD prototype using QEMU/KVM VMs. Evaluations on a 30-node Gigabit Ethernet cluster having 10GigE core links shows that GMGD can reduce the network traffic on core links by up to 65% and the total migration time of VMs by up to 42% when compared to the default migration technique in QEMU/KVM. Furthermore, GMGD has a smaller adverse performance impact on network-bound applications.
Resilient Multipath Routing with Independent Directed Acyclic Graphs

In this paper, we introduce the concept of Independent Directed Acyclic Graphs (IDAGs) to achieve resilient multipath routing. Link- independent (Node-independent) DAGs satisfy the property that any path from a source to the root on one DAG is link-disjoint (node-disjoint) with any path from the source to the root on the other DAG. Given a network, we develop polynomial time algorithms to compute link-independent and node-independent DAGs. The algorithm developed in this paper: (1) achieves multipath routing; (2) guarantees recovery from single link failure; (3) utilizes all possible edges; and (4) achieves all these with at most one bit per packet as overhead when routing is based on destination address and incoming link. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IDAGs approach by comparing key performance indices to that of the independent trees technique.
Estimating the critical time‐step in explicit dynamics using the Lanczos method

The goal of our paper is to demonstrate the cost-effective use of the Lanczos method for estimating the critical time step in an explicit, transient dynamics code. The Lanczos method can provide a significantly larger estimate for the critical time-step than an element-based method (the typical scheme). However, the Lanczos method represents a more expensive method for calculating a critical time-step than element-based methods. Our paper shows how the additional cost of the Lanczos method can be amortized over a number of time steps and lead to an overall decrease in run-time for an explicit, transient dynamics code. We present an adaptive hybrid scheme that synthesizes the Lanczos-based and element-based estimates and allows us to run near the critical time-step estimate provided by the Lanczos method.
Ultrastructure of a novel eurytele nematocyst of Carybdea alata Reynaud (Cubozoa, Cnidaria).

The ultrastructural characteristics of nematocysts from the cubozoan Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1830 (Hawaiian box jellyfish) were examined using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We reclassified the predominant nematocyst in C. alata tentacles as a heterotrichous microbasic eurytele, based on spine, tubule and capsule measurements. These nematocysts exhibited a prominent and singular stylet, herein referred to as the lancet. Discharged nematocysts from fixed tentacle preparations displayed the following structures: a smooth shaft base, lamellae, a hemicircumferential fissure demarking the proximal end of a stratified lancet, and a gradually tapering tubule densely covered with large triangularly shaped spines. The lancet remained partially adjoined to the shaft base in a hinge-like fashion in rapidly fixed, whole-tentacle preparations. In contrast, this structure was not observed in discharged nematocyst preparations which involved multiple transfer steps prior to fixation. Various approaches were designed to detect this structure in the absence of fixative. Detached lancets were located in proximity to discharged tubules in undisturbed coverslip preparations of fresh tentacles. In addition, examination of embedded nematocysts from fresh tentacles laid on polyacrylamide gels revealed still-attached lancets. To examine the function of this structure in prey capture, Artemia sp. laden tentacles were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. While carapace exteriors exhibited structures proximal to the lancet, i.e., the nematocyst capsule and shaft base, neither tubule nor lancet structures were visible. Taken together, the morphological data suggested a series of events involved in the discharge of a novel eurytele from C. alata.
SRBC/cavin‐3 is a caveolin adapter protein that regulates caveolae function

Caveolae are a major membrane domain common to most cells. One of the defining features of this domain is the protein caveolin. The exact function of caveolin, however, is not clear. One possible function is to attract adapter molecules to caveolae in a manner similar to how clathrin attracts molecules to coated pits. Here, we characterize a candidate adapter molecule called SRBC. SRBC binds PKCδ and is a member of the STICK (substrates that interact with C-kinase) superfamily of PKC-binding proteins. We also show it co-immunoprecipitates with caveolin-1. A leucine zipper in SRBC is essential for both co-precipitation with caveolin and localization to caveolae. SRBC remains associated with caveolin when caveolae bud to form vesicles (cavicles) that travel on microtubules to different regions of the cell. In the absence of SRBC, intracellular cavicle traffic is markedly impaired. We conclude that SRBC (sdr-related gene product that binds to c-kinase) and two other family members [PTRF (Pol I and transcription release factor) and SDPR] function as caveolin adapter molecules that regulate caveolae function.
Output effects of devaluation: Evidence from Asia

We study the effect of devaluation on output in six developing countries of Asia. In an empirical model that includes monetary, fiscal, and external variables, we examine the impact of devaluation as the effect of real exchange depreciation and alternatively as the effect of nominal devaluation and changes in the foreign‐to‐domestic price ratio. We find that with few exceptions a devaluation fails to make any effect on output over any length of time — short run, intermediate run or long run. Whatever effect on output we are able to uncover comes from the relative price level (the ratio of foreign to domestic prices) but not from nominal devaluation.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use markers to monitor the movement of a hidden item.

Four chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) monitored the movement of hidden items in arrays of opaque cups. A chocolate candy was hidden in an array of four cups and temporarily presented paper markers indicated the location of the candy (which otherwise was not visible). These markers were either non-symbolic or symbolic (lexigram) stimuli that in other contexts acted as a label for the hidden candy, and the array was either rotated 180° after the marker was removed or the array remained in the same location. For three of four chimpanzees, performance was better than chance in all conditions and there was no effect of the type of marker. These experiments indicate that chimpanzees can track the movement of a hidden item in an array of identical cups even when they never see the item itself, but only see a temporarily presented marker for the location of that item. However, there was no benefit to the use of symbolic as opposed to non-symbolic stimuli in this performance.
Some conditions on an operator implying normality

A normal operator is known to satisfy a variety of conditions (normaloid, convexoid, hyponormal, etc.) definitely weaker than normality. Theorems in the converse direction can be obtained by supplementing or strengthening such conditions. Typically, the supplementary conditions are drastic (severe constraints on the spectrum, finite-dimensionality, compactness, etc.), although a few quite powerful results have been obtained (cf. [11]). The present paper belongs to this circle of ideas. For a (continuous linear) operator T on a Hilbert space, we use the following notations and terminology (cf. [5]): spectrum o'(T), point spectrum rco(T ), resolvent set Q(T), spectral radius r(T)= suP{121 : 2 ~ or(T)}, numerical range W(T) = {(Tx I x): Ilxll = 1), numerical radius w(T) = sup{[2r : 2 ~ W(T)}, and norm IITII. It is known (cf. [5]) that W(T) is convex, and convo'(T)C CtW(T) (conv= convex hull, C1 = closure), thus r(T) ~ w(T) < 11T][. T is called normaloid if w(T)= ttTll (equivalently, r(T)= IITll (cf. [2], p. 169), spectraloid if r(T) = w(T), and convexoid if conva(T) = C1W(T).
GETTING DRUNK AND HOOKING UP: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND CASUAL COUPLING IN A UNIVERSITY SAMPLE

Alcohol use and abuse on American college campuses has raised significant concerns among university officials, scholars, and social critics. One of the principal concerns is that heavy drinking is associated with risky sexual behavior and sexual victimization among college samples. The current study seeks to enhance our understanding regarding the relationship between alcohol intoxication and sex by investigating the ways in which college students use alcohol as a tool to facilitate, explain, and justify sexual encounters and casual coupling (e.g., kissing, “making out,” petting, touching). Guided by theoretical perspectives designed to explain the role of rhetoric in explaining and justifying deviant behavior, we analyze 469 qualitative “drinking stories” and 32 interviews collected at three university sites. Our findings suggest that college drinkers view alcohol as a disinhibiting force that elevates the potential for sexuality and that alcohol intoxication is also used as a resource to justify casual ...
Reducing Motion Artifacts and Interference in Biopotential Recording

The application of engineering principles and techniques to biopotential recording has resulted in a continual improvement both in the type and the quality of recorded signals. Physical placement of electrodes has enabled improved discrimination of the biopotential of interest (such as the ECG) from unwanted biopotentials (such as the EMG). Understanding that the major motion artifact in ECG recording arises from the skin and not the electrode has resulted in techniques that reduce this artifact, such as skin abrasion and mechanical stabilization. However, skin abrasion makes the skin more subject to irritation, so mild gels are required. The development of the floating silver/silver chloride electrode has eliminated motion artifact and noise caused by the electrode. The development of the driven-right-leg circuit has greatly reduced interference due to power lines. Adaptive filters have reduced the difficult-to-eliminate interference due to spark-gap electrosurgical units.
Hybrid referenceless and multi-baseline subtraction thermometry for monitoring thermal therapies in the heart

However, main field shifts due to lung and diaphragm motion can still cause large inaccuracies in multi-baseline subtraction. In contrast, referenceless thermometry methods [3-5] based on polynomial phase regression are immune to motion and susceptibility shifts. While referenceless methods can be accurate in localized regions of the heart, in general the background phase in the myocardial wall requires large polynomial orders to fit, leading to increased danger that the hot spot itself will be fit by the polynomial and thermal dose will be underestimated.
Bt pollen dispersal and Bt kernel mosaics: integrity of non-Bt refugia for lepidopteran resistance management in maize.

Field trials were conducted at Rosemount, MN in 2009 and 2010, to measure pollen movement from Bt corn to adjacent blocks of non-Bt refuge corn. As the use of Bt corn hybrids continues to increase in the United States, and new insect resistance management (IRM) plans are implemented, it is necessary to measure the efficacy of these IRM plans. In Minnesota, the primary lepidopteran pests of corn include the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The primary IRM plan in transgenic corn is the use of hybrids expressing a high dose of insecticidal proteins and an insect refuge containing hybrids not expressing insecticidal proteins that produce susceptible insects. Wind-assisted pollen movement in corn occurs readily, and is the primary method of pollination for corn. The combination of pollen movement and viability determines the potential for cross pollination of refuge corn. In 2009 and 2010, cross pollination occurred with the highest frequency on the north and east sides of Bt corn fields, but was found at some level in all directions. Highest levels of cross pollination (75%) were found within the first four rows (3 m) of non-Bt corn adjacent to Bt corn, and in general decreasing levels of cross pollination were found the further the non-Bt corn was planted from the Bt corn. A mosaic of Bt cross-pollinated kernels was found throughout the ear, but in both years the ear tip had the highest percentage of cross-pollinated kernels; this pattern may be linked to the synchrony of pollen shed and silking between Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids. The dominant wind direction in both years was from WNW. However, in both years, there were also prevailing winds from SSW and WSW. Further studies are needed to quantify Bt levels in cross-pollinated kernels, measure the Bt dose of such kernels and associated lepidopteran pest survival, and measure the impact of Bt pollen on lepidopteran pests, particularly when considering the seed mixture refuge configuration.
A survey of cover crop practices and perceptions of sustainable farmers in North Carolina and the surrounding region

The environmental benefits of cover cropping are widely recognized but there is a general consensus that adoption levels are still quite low among US farmers. A survey was developed and distributed to more than 200 farmers engaged in two sustainable farming organizations in NC and the surrounding region to determine their level of utilization, current practices and perceptions related to cover cropping. The majority of farms surveyed had diverse crop production, production areas <8 ha, and total gross farm incomes <US$50,000. Approximately one-third of the survey population had an organic production component. Eighty-nine percent of participants had a crop rotation plan and 79% of the total survey population utilized cover cropping. More than 25 different cool- and warm-season cover crops were reported. The statements that generated the strongest agreement about cover crop benefits were that cover crops: increase soil organic matter, decrease soil erosion, increase soil moisture, contribute nitrogen to subsequent cash crops, suppress weeds, provide beneficial insect habitat and break hard pans with their roots. Economic costs associated with cover cropping were not viewed as an obstacle to implementation. A factor analysis was conducted to identify underlying themes from a series of positive and negative statements about cover crops. Pre- and post-management challenges were able to explain the most variability (30%) among participant responses. Overall, participants indicated that the incorporation of residues was their greatest challenge and that a lack of equipment, especially for no-till systems, influenced their decisions about cover cropping. Farmers did not always appear to implement practices that would maximize potential benefits from cover crops.
Effects of Dietary Forage Proportion on Digestive Function in Maintenance-Fed Beef Cows

Five crossbred beef cows (Hereford x Angus, 428 kg), cannulated in the rumen and duodenum, were used in a Latin square experiment to determine the effects of dietary proportions of fescue (F) and bermudagrass (B) hays (0:1, .25: .75, .5:.5, .75: .25 and 1:0) on digestive function. Feed intake was 85% of ad libitum intake of F alone (1.04% of body weight). Fescue contained 1.19% nitrogen (N), 74.8% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 6.3% acid detergent lignin (ADL), and B contained 1.99% N, 84.5% NDF and 6.1% ADL. Ruminal ammonia-N decreased and four- and five-carbon fatty acid concentrations increased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing F. Mean particle size of duodenal digesta was not affected by F level, but specific gravity of duodenal particles changed quadratically (P less than .05) as F rose, being greatest with 25 and 50% F. Ruminal fluid volume was constant, but dilution rate increased linearly (P less than .05) as F increased. Passage rate of B was faster than that of F in mixed diets. Organic matter (OM) flow and digestibilities, true ruminal N disappearance and microbial efficiency were not affected (P greater than .10) by F. True ruminal N disappearance and microbial efficiency were not affected (P greater than .10) by F. True ruminal N disappearance ranged from 73 to 78%, and microbial growth efficiency was between 18 and 22 g microbial N/kg OM fermented. Ruminal digestibilities of NDF, acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05) as F increased, being 68.2, 64.9, 65.6, 61.2 and 61.6% for NDF, 58.9, 54.7, 56.2, 53.3 and 53.2% for ADF, 64.7, 61.3, 62.1, 59.0 and 59.1% for cellulose, and 76.1, 74.4, 75.4, 70.1 and 72.2% for hemicellulose for 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% F, respectively. Digestive function in beef cows fed mixed F-B diets at a low level of intake related directly to dietary forage proportions and digestive characteristics when forages were fed alone.
HURRICANE DAMAGE ON GALVESTON'S WEST BEACH.

Hurricane Alicia came onshore during the morning of August 18, 1983, and caused significant damage to wood-framed, elevated, waterfront construction on Galveston Island. Although the hurricane was moderate in nature (category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale), significant damage occurred. This paper examines the damage and outlines possible causes of the damage in the wood-framed structures on Galveston Island, in particular those structures in the West Beach area. The primary weakness appears to be the connection details. Similar damage caused by other hurricanes has been reported in the past. Current building codes for this type of construction are explained. Possible supplements to the codes to help minimize similar damage in the future are presented.
Contribution of biomechanics, orthopaedics and rehabilitation: The past, present and future

Biomechanics is a field that has a very long history. From its beginnings in ancient Chinese and Greek literature, the field of orthopaedic biomechanics has grown in the areas of biomechanics of bone, articular cartilage, soft tissues, upper extremities, spine and so on. Bioengineers in collaboration with orthopaedic surgeons have applied biomechanical principles to study clinically relevant problems, improving patient treatment and outcome. In the past 30 years, my colleagues and I have focused our research on the biomechanics of musculoskeletal soft tissues, ligaments and tendons in particular. Therefore, in this review article, the function of the knee ligaments and the associated homeostatic responses secondary to immobilisation and exercise will be described. Research on healing of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee and possible future approaches in improving the healing of the knee ligaments will be presented. Finally, improvement of the understanding of ligament reconstruction, specifically of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), through the use of robotics technology will be included. Throughout the manuscript, specific scientific findings that have guided or changed the clinical management of injury to these soft tissues will be emphasised
Improving Concessionaire Selection Protocols in Public/Private Partnered Infrastructure Projects

A critical contributor to the success of a public/private partnered (PPP) infrastructure project is the selection of the right private-sector partner, the concessionaire, who would provide the best overall deal throughout the build-operate-transfer (BOT)[build/operate/transfer] development process. This paper proposes a core concessionaire selection protocol that incorporates public procurement principles, best-value selection approach, competitive selection process, and multicriteria tender evaluation. Key pointers for an improved concessionaire selection protocol are discussed and analyzed by drawing experience and learning lessons from worldwide PPP practices. These include improved project brief and tender documents, formulation of a best-value selection methodology, determination of suitable criteria and methods for prequalification and tender evaluation, capital structure (equity-to-debt ratio), financial models, and potential improvements in different stages of the concessionaire selection process. Relevant results of a questionnaire survey of international PPP expert opinions on an enhanced concessionaire selection protocol are also presented.
Leveraging Pervasive Technologies to Improve Collection of Prostate Cancer Outcome Data

Cancer-care costs are increasing despite the expansion of disease management and prevention programs. While tremendous scientific progress has led to new tools for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, evidence is less complete on the comparative effectiveness of these interventions in actual community practice.
Infiltration into an Analog Fracture: Experimental Observations of Gravity-Driven Fingering

The infiltration of water into unsaturated geologic media is an immiscible displacement process that is unstable with respect to gravity and can thus lead to the formation of gravity-driven fingers. Where the geologic media (e.g., rock, soil) is fractured, gravity-driven fingers within the fractures may lead to extremely rapid vertical migration of waterborne contaminants. We designed analog fractures to facilitate the competition between viscous, gravity, and capillary forces that is expected to control finger behavior, then conducted an extended experimental investigation to observe and measure finger behavior. Results show that the spatially variant two-dimensional nature of fracture geometry leads to different behavior than is reported for the related problem of gravity-driven fingers in porous media. Observations of finger behavior are presented, along with a simple scale analysis used to relate the key measures of finger velocity, finger width, and fingertip length. We also present a series of illustrative experiments designed to guide future research.
Temperature effect on layer-by-layer self-assembly of linear polyions and silica multilayers

Alternate layer-by-layer self-assembly of linear polyions and colloidal silica at elevated temperatures has been investigated by QCM and SEM. A growth step at 90 °C for these multilayers was about 100–200% larger than the one at 20 °C.