cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary observations on the effects of holding temperature on reproductive performance of female white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson

Abstract Commercial sturgeon farms in California have observed poor spawning performance and ovarian regression in fish maintained at constant 16–20°C water temperatures. The effects of the pre-spawning thermal regime on oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM), in vitro maturation (GVBD), plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones, and hormonally-induced ovulation in white sturgeon females were examined. Gravid females were exposed to three temperature treatments (seasonal 10–15°C, constant 15°C, and constant 18°C), and ovulation was induced when females reached the responsive stage. While all females ( n =5 per treatment) in the seasonal temperature treatment ovulated and produced fertile eggs, oocyte development (GVM) and ovulation were inhibited in the constant temperature treatments, and follicular atresia ensued in three out of five females exposed to 18°C water temperature. Temperature treatment did not have a significant effect on plasma hormone concentrations throughout the pre-spawning and spawning periods, but plasma concentrations of androgens and oestradiol declined in females that experienced developmental arrest and atresia. The spawning results provided empirical evidence for the negative effects of elevated temperatures on ovulatory response and egg quality. The pre-spawning thermal regime appears to be an important environmental factor for normal ovarian development in cultured white sturgeon and should be considered in management of wild stocks reproducing in rivers with regulated water flows.
The Enforcement of Equal Opportunity Laws Under Imperfect Information: Affirmative Action and Alternatives

More than twenty years have passed since the enactment of the Civil Rights Act. During that period, the enforcement of Title VII, with its broad prohibition of discrimination in employment and compensation, has proved to be both difficult and controversial. As part of any attempt to regulate economic activity, we must be able to observe violations, but "unequal treatment" in employment relationships is difficult to identify. Employers must always differentiate between individuals when making hiring and promotion decisions, since applicants possess diverse skills and abilities. This diversity creates a fundamental problem in monitoring the compliance or noncompliance of employers with equal opportunity laws. This paper examines the enforcement of equal opportunity laws in a labor market that exhibits statistical discrimination. This type of discrimination may arise as a rational response by profitmaximizing firms to imperfect information about individual productivity. In Lundberg and Startz [1983] an equal opportunity policy prohibiting raceor sex-specific wage schedules was shown to be an efficiency-enhancing response to statistical discrimination. Section II extends this model to allow information a role in allocating heterogeneous workers among jobs. In this environment, restricting firms' use of information through an equal opportunity policy improves workers' incentives to acquire human capital at the expense of production losses, and its net effect on efficiency becomes ambiguous. Firms will attempt to evade an equal opportunity law, presenting the government and the courts with the task of monitoring and enforcing compliance. The regulators are likely to possess imperfect information, not only about the relationship between worker characteristics and productivity, but also about the actual personnel policies followed by firms. In Section III a simple costminimizing evasion policy for firms, in which other worker attributes are used as imperfect proxies for race or sex, is outlined. In the next two sections, alternative policies for enforcing compliance
Tracing and Revoking Pirate Rebroadcasts

All content distribution systems are vulnerable to the attack of rebroadcasting: in a pirate rebroadcast a pirate publishes the content in violation of the licensing agreement. This attack defeats any tracing mechanism that requires interaction with the pirate decoder for identifying compromised keys. Merely tracing pirate rebroadcasts is of little use and one should be also able to revoke the involved traitor keys. The only currently known scheme addressing this issue is implemented as part of the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) used in Blu-Ray and HD-DVD disks. In this paper we perform an analysis of this construction and we find it has serious limitations: the number of revocations is bound by the size of the receiver storage (for the actual parameters reported this is merely 85 keys). We address the limitations of the state of the art (i) by formally modeling the problem of tracing and revoking pirate rebroadcasts and (ii) by presenting the first efficient constructions of tracing and revoking pirate rebroadcasts that are capable of performing tracing for unlimited numbers of traitors and revoking unlimited numbers of users. We present three instantiations of our framework: our first construction achieves a linear communication overhead in the number of revoked users and traitors and is capable of eliminating a pirate rebroadcast by any number of traitors in time that depends logarithmically in the number of users and polynomially on the number of revocations and traitors. Our second construction assumes a fixed bound on the number of traitors and improves the elimination time to depend only logarithmically on the number of revocations. Both of these constructions require merely a binary marking alphabet. Our third construction utilizes a larger marking alphabet and achieves even faster pirate rebroadcast elimination; our analysis improves the previously known bound for the same alphabet size due to Fiat and Tassa from Crypto'99 while offering revocation explicitly.
Itraconazole treatment of experimental systemic candidiasis in male rats.

After intravenous infection with Candida albicans, rats received daily doses of itraconazole for 3 days. All rats receiving 2·5 mg kg−1 day−1 survived while all rats receiving sham-treatment died. With subsequent reduction of the itraconazole dose to 0·63 mg kg−1 day−1, no survival occurred and mortality rates equalled those of the control group.
Stereoscopic Highlighting: 2D Graph Visualization on Stereo Displays

In this paper we present a new technique and prototype graph visualization system, stereoscopic highlighting, to help answer accessibility and adjacency queries when interacting with a node-link diagram. Our technique utilizes stereoscopic depth to highlight regions of interest in a 2D graph by projecting these parts onto a plane closer to the viewpoint of the user. This technique aims to isolate and magnify specific portions of the graph that need to be explored in detail without resorting to other highlighting techniques like color or motion, which can then be reserved to encode other data attributes. This mechanism of stereoscopic highlighting also enables focus+context views by juxtaposing a detailed image of a region of interest with the overall graph, which is visualized at a further depth with correspondingly less detail. In order to validate our technique, we ran a controlled experiment with 16 subjects comparing static visual highlighting to stereoscopic highlighting on 2D and 3D graph layouts for a range of tasks. Our results show that while for most tasks the difference in performance between stereoscopic highlighting alone and static visual highlighting is not statistically significant, users performed better when both highlighting methods were used concurrently. In more complicated tasks, 3D layout with static visual highlighting outperformed 2D layouts with a single highlighting method. However, it did not outperform the 2D layout utilizing both highlighting techniques simultaneously. Based on these results, we conclude that stereoscopic highlighting is a promising technique that can significantly enhance graph visualizations for certain use cases.
Laboratory Colonization, Life History Observations, and Desiccation Tolerance of the Canyon Fly Fannia conspicua (Diptera: Fanniidae)

"Canyon flies" are flies within the Fannia benjamini Malloch species complex. These flies can be considerable pests to humans and animals due to their habit of feeding on animal body secretions such as tears, mucus, sweat, and blood. Adult "canyon flies" (Fannia conspicua Malloch) were collected from the coastal mountain community of La Habra Heights in Los Angeles County, CA, during late spring and early summer of 2011. Canyon flies were colonized in the laboratory and maintained for over two years. Larval growth, sex-specific adult emergence, and fecundity were evaluated quantitatively. At 25°C, male flies required a minimum of 22 d postoviposition to develop from egg to adult, with peak emergence occurring at 24-26 d; female flies required a minimum of 25 d postoviposition, with peak emergence occurring at 26-28 d. Female flies were capable of oviposition starting at 7 d postemergence, and produced a mean of 90.6±54.7 eggs over a 19-41-d life span. Canyon fly eggs were quite resistant to desiccation, with hatching rate of eggs reduced only after ≥12 wk of desiccation, and some successful hatching even when eggs were desiccated up to 28 wk. When immature flies were removed from their food source and subjected to continuous desiccation and starvation, flies at 3-d-old posthatching did not survive, and only 8% of flies at 5-d posthatching survived and completed development to the adult stage. Immature flies that were 7- or 11-d-old posthatching survived to adulthood in good numbers, having reached the mid to late L3 stage at the time of food removal. Exposure to desiccation in either the egg or larval stage had no effect on fecundity of surviving females. This extreme level of desiccation tolerance is likely an adaptation to increase survival in desert climates of the southwestern United States with long, hot summers and little precipitation, where Fannia conspicua are typically distributed.
Control of a class of nonlinear systems by decentralized control

This correspondence considers the control of a system composed of several interconnected subsystems. Each subsystem is described by a canonical nonlinear state model, with the restriction that interaction between different subsystems is linear. Under very mild additional conditions a decentralized dither feedback control is constructed which will drive the system state to zero. The dither control method is shown to stabilize this system for all initial conditions.
High-Density Recording and Noise Limits

After he had listened to his voice on the wonderful wire recorder of the late 1930s, Dr. Vagtborg, director of Armour Research Foundation asked, “Why must the wire move so fast? Why can’t we record slower and longer on the same record?” In other words, why not increase the recording density?
Evolution of stress resistance in Drosophila: interspecific variation in tolerance to desiccation and starvation

Summary 1. The extent to which variability in desiccation resistance among ecologically diverse Drosophila species is related to their ability to resist starvation is unknown. Resistance to desiccation and starvation was measured in females and males of ecologically and phylogenetically diverse Drosophila species. 2. We measured resistance to both stressors in ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species. In general females exhibited greater resistance to both stressors than males. Correcting for body size produces a highly significant correlation between resistances to both stressors in both sexes. 3. Phylogenetic relatedness, however, appears to have a large influence not only on resistance to both stressors, but also on the observed correlations between stressors. 4. Species of the Drosophila subgenus Sophophora examined in this study tend to be fruit breeders inhabiting more temperate and mesic habitats, whereas many of the species in the other major subgenus, Drosophila , tend to be cactophilic flies living in more xeric environments. 5. The difference between these two major subgenera, the Sophophora and the Drosophila , in the nature of the association we observed between desiccation and starvation resistance suggests that selection may have led to different mechanisms underlying resistance to these stressors in the two groups.
Execution-driven tools for parallel simulation of parallel architectures and applications

EPG-sim is a newly-developed set of tools that performs execution-driven critical path simulation, trace generation, and simulation for serial, optimistically parallelized, and parallel application codes. These capabilities are integrated within a single framework through the use of intelligent source-level instrumentation. The ability to perform execution-driven simulations driven by optimistically parallelized codes, the ability to execute these simulations on parallel hosts, the use of source-level instrumentation, and the integration of the capabilities provided by EPG-sim are among the novel contributions of this work. EPG-sim has important uses in studying parallel architectures, parallelizing compilers, and parallel applications.
Auditing Pricing and Audit Quality: The Influence of the Introduction of Price Competition

This study examines the effects of the introduction of price competition on the market for audit services. Our results indicate that the removal of a competitive bidding restriction led to (1) lower audit fees, (2) audit firms using lowballing tactics to secure new clients, (3) audit firms bidding away expertise premia that existed under non-price competition, (4) Big 6 firms exiting the audit market, and (5) significant shifts in the audit market toward both new audit firms without prior municipal audit experience and established non-Big 6 firms in the municipal market.
Enhancement of base conductivity via the piezoelectric effect in AlGaN/GaN HBTs

Abstract Large polarization effects in nitride-based heterostructures provide opportunities for controllably introducing negative charge, equivalent to acceptor-doping, in AlGaN/GaN HBT structures. This paper reviews evidence for polarization-based doping effects in nitride-based materials, and discusses potential applications of these effects for the improvement of p-contacts and p-type base conductivity. It is shown that in conventional HBTs grown with Ga-terminated faces in the emitter-up configuration, the polarization-induced charges detract from the acceptor doping of the base. In contrast, the polarization effects add to effective doping in the base in structures that are grown and processed as collector-up devices, or in devices that are grown emitter-up and utilize the transferred substrate approach.
The Distinctive Characteristics and Needs of Domestic Violence Victims in a Native American Community

The objectives of the research described in this paper were to describe specific features of Native American domestic violence (DV), and identify the needs and barriers to service delivery for American Indians experiencing DV. Qualitative methods of data collection were used in this research. The results suggest that DV in Native American communities may be distinct in a number of ways. The cause of Native American DV may be anchored in historic trauma, poverty, alcohol and drugs, and rural isolation. Cultural and economic features of Native American DV are discussed. The complexity of DV in the Native American community, its association with a number of co-morbid problems, suggests a multi-modal intervention approach and collaboration among a variety of professionals.
Demonstration of monolithically-integrated InP widely-tunable laser and SOA-MZI wavelength converter

The first monolithically integrated widely tunable wavelength converter, consisting of a sampled-grating distributed-Bragg-reflector laser and a semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer, is reported. Static extinction ratios better than 19dB and 13dB using electrical and optical control, respectively, were measured over a 22 nm laser wavelength range.
Sinusoidal modeling parameter estimation via a dynamic channel vocoder model

We present a new analysis methodology for extracting accurate sinusoidal parameters from audio signals. The method combines modified vocoder parameter estimation with currently used peak detection algorithms in sinusoidal modeling. The current system processes input frame by frame, searching for peaks like a sinusoidal analysis model, but also dynamically selects vocoder channels, through which smeared peaks in the FFT domain are processed. This way, frequency trajectories of sinusoids of changing frequency within a frame may be accurately parametrized. We note that the computational expense incurred by using the new model is offset by the reduced frame rate allowed, and describe possible applications for the new model. We demonstrate that the current model is able to follow the changing frequencies in a long analysis frame, with accuracy greater than that found in a conventional sinusoidal model.
P04-41. Kinetics of Antibody Neutralization and Viral Evolution Following Envelope Vaccination in SIV-infected Rhesus Monkeys

Background While neutralizing antibodies should limit the replication of HIV/SIV in the infected individual, autologous neutralizing antibodies are generated too late following HIV/SIV infection to contribute to early virus control. The present study addresses whether vaccine-induced immune responses accelerate the generation of autologous neutralizing antibodies following SIV challenge in rhesus monkeys, and if this antibody response shapes viral sequence evolution.
The Deep Roots of the Mammalian Tree

T. S. Kemp, the author of the much revered and useful Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals (1982), has produced a new book with the explicit aims of (1) updating the 1982 book with regard to new fossils and (2) elaborating “at a similar level the story of what happens next—the radiation of mammals after the end of the Cretaceous” (preface). The book addresses general topics and technical issues as well, dealing with the origin of mammals in the widest possible sense, that is, truly, the history of Synapsida. The readership targeted consists mostly of university students and paleontologists, but some of the broader topics will be of interest to evolutionary biologists and most scientists with a natural history background. The amateur or layperson attempting to tackle this book will face a steep learning curve, but if successfully completed much will be learned, and it will have proven the doggedness of his/her interest. The new book is graced by a clear prose, set at a fast pace, and profusely illustrated; the accomplished writing renders discussions vivid and makes progress through the lengthy and necessarily arid anatomical descriptions, if not enjoyable, at least an alleviated task. The similarities and differences between the two titles of Kemp’s books outline the substantial overlap between these works, as well as the subtle nuances in the topics covered. The 1982 book curtailed the history of Synapsida after a short chapter on Mesozoic Mammals. The new book consists of seven chapters. The first two (Introduction, and Time and Classification) are together just 11 pages long. The following five chapters form the core of the book. Chapters 3 (Evolution of the Mammal-like Reptiles) and 4 (Evolution of Mammalian Biology) are together about 120 pages long. The following three chapters—Chapter 5 (Mesozoic Mammals, 50 pages), Chapter 6 (Living and Fossil Marsupials, 25 pages) and Chapter 7 (Living and Fossil Placentals, 52 pages)—pertain to Mammalia as defined in this work (a traditional and conservative character-based definition highlighting the presence of a dentary condyle). Therefore, the book is organized along a phylogenetic axis with the exception of Chapter 4. This emphasis on phylogeny is reinforced assiduously by large and
Building a learning orientation

The messages students receive about the purposes of academic tasks vary in different classrooms. Teachers use a variety of strategies, either deliberately or inadvertently, to convey information about why students are to accomplish these tasks. In some classrooms, the teacher's emphasis on doing work serves to create a work orientation. A common refrain in these classrooms is "Finish your work so you can go out to recess." Here, the goal of instruction is to complete work. In other classrooms, the orientation is toward learning and thinking. "Think it through" and "Your ideas are important" are typical comments. In classrooms with this learning orientation, teachers attempt to motivate students to learn rather than simply finish their work. The goal of instruction in these classrooms is that of learning itself and continued motivation to learn. Students are helped to see learning as beneficial to their own self-development (Marshall, in press). In a third type of classroom, neither a work nor a learning orientation is present. As a consequence of the lack of work or learning orientation, students tend to avoid work. Without clear and consistently enforced instructional goals, the students' goal or game is to see how much they can get away with, how long they can "goof off" or play, rather than do work or learn. This article focuses on how teachers can build the understanding that the goal of instruction is
Communications in statistics: 1972-1976

Communications in Statistics began publishing in 1972 as a journal for the statistics professiun. One of its major goals is to provide timely publication of papers without sacrificing quality. The purpose of this article is to present data accumulated primarily from 1973 to 1976 on submissions, the time from submission to publication, and characteristics of published papers in Communications in Statistics, One of the striking features uncovered in the analysis of this data is that the journal is clearly meeting the goal of rapid publication of acceptable papers.
Individual and social influences on progression to daily smoking during adolescence.

OBJECTIVES: The goal was to identify individual and social predictors of progression to daily smoking by the end of high school among youths who initiated smoking by grade 8. METHODS: The analysis sample of 270 adolescent smokers was taken from the Raising Healthy Children project. Data were taken from annual interviews in grades 7 and 12. Daily smoking was defined as having smoked ≥1 cigarette per day in the past 30 days at the time of each interview. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to assess associations with individual, family, peer, and school predictors. RESULTS: A total of 58% (n = 156) of the analysis sample made the transition to daily smoking by grade 12. The likelihood of onset of daily smoking among those who had not yet demonstrated onset was smallest in grade 9 (probability: 0.12) and greatest in grade 12 (probability: 0.25). Youth depression, prosocial beliefs, and antisocial behavior had overall associations with risk of smoking escalation. In addition, parents9 and peers9 smoking, family management, academic grades, and school commitment had significant univariate associations with smoking progression. After adjustment for gender, low-income status, and other potential predictors, youths9 antisocial behavior and parents9 and peers9 smoking predicted greater likelihood of escalation to daily smoking, whereas parental use of positive family management predicted lower likelihood of escalation. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports preventing escalation in adolescent smoking by targeting parents9 and peers9 smoking and involvement in other forms of antisocial behavior and working with parents to improve their use of positive family management practices.
Variation Study and Implications for BJT-Based Thin-Body Capacitorless DRAM

Variability in back-gated thin-body capacitorless DRAM cell performance is investigated via TCAD simulation. Sources of variability considered include variations in front gate oxide thickness, body thickness, buried oxide thickness, and gate-sidewall spacer width, as well as random dopant fluctuations. Bipolar junction transistor-based cell operation is most sensitive to variations in body thickness and buried oxide thickness. Retention time for an optimized 22 nm-node cell design is predicted to be reduced by approximately 63% due to process-induced variations.
In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of Rat Brain Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a widely abused psychoactive drug that perturbs many neurotransmitter systems studied to date. Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as a neuronal messenger and its rapid diffusibility across cell membranes makes NO an extensive and versatile messenger in brain development and functioning. The present study was initiated to investigate the effect of PCP on rat brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity both in vitro and in vivo. Brain cytosolic fractions from normal rats were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. The rats were treated with a single dose of PCP (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally); the brains were removed at 0, 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after PCP treatment and the cytosolic fractions were prepared by homogenization and centrifugation. NOS activity was assessed by quantifying the release of [ 3 H]-citrulline from [ 3 H]-arginine. PCP significantly inhibited rat brain NOS in vitro in a concentration (0.05-2 mM)-dependent manner. The kinetic evaluation of arginine, NADPH, and Ca 2+ activation of NOS revealed that PCP (0.5 mM) inhibited NOS activity competitively with respect to arginine and NADPH and noncompetitively inhibited with respect to Ca 2+ . PCP also caused a time-dependent reduction of brain NOS activity in vivo as early as 1 hour after treatment. Even after 12 hours of PCP treatment, NOS activity did not reverse to its normal level as compared to the control group, suggesting sequestration and persistence of the drug in the central nervous system, These results suggest that inhibition of brain NOS by PCP might be one of the mechanisms through which PCP causes neu rotoxicity.
Complete heart block and aortic insufficiency in rheumatoid spondylitis.

Abstract The clinical and pathologic findings in a patient with complete heart block and aortic insufficiency associated with long-standing rheumatoid spondylitis are described. Aortic insufficiency was caused by shrunken aortic valve leaflets and dense scarring at the base of the aortic valve cusp. Histologically, the atrioventricular bundle was infiltrated by dense acellular scar tissue, and the atrioventricular bundle fibers were infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells, thus leading to various atrioventricular conduction disturbances. Two additional clinical cases of complete heart block and aortic insufficiency in patients with rheumatoid spondylitis were treated with permanent transvenous pacemakers.
Physics of Superconducting Devices

So far this course has been concerned primarily with the science of superconductivity, the various phenomena observed experimentally and the phenomenological and microscopic descriptions which generalize these phenomena within the framework of theoretical physics. Many of the lectures to follow will discuss applications or the technology of superconductivity. This lecture is intended to serve as a kind of interface between these two major topics of the course and it has two primary objectives: 1. To give a brief overview of the many applications of superconductivity 2. To discuss the physics of that subset of applications sometimes called “quantum devices”, that is, those involving fluxoid quantization, flux flow and the Josephson Effect. Reference Manual for A++, Version 2.4 Page 602 of 972
Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) Performance of Greek Preterm Infants: Comparisons With Full-Term Infants of the Same Nationality and Impact of Prematurity-Related Morbidity Factors.

Background Only a few studies have been conducted with the objective of creating norms of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) for the assessment of gross motor development of preterm infants. The AIMS performance of preterm infants has been compared with that of the Canadian norms of full-term infants, but not with that of full-term infants of the same nationality. Moreover, the possible impact of prematurity-related morbidity factors on AIMS performance is unknown. Objectives The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate AIMS trajectory in a large population of Greek preterm infants and create norms, (2) to compare it with the AIMS trajectory of Greek full-term infants, and (3) to examine the possible influence of neonatal morbidity on AIMS scores in the preterm sample. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Mean AIMS scores were compared, per month (1–19), between 403 preterm infants (≤32 weeks of age, corrected for prematurity) and 1,038 full-term infants. In preterm infants, the association of AIMS scores with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of grade ≤III, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and sepsis was assessed by hierarchical regression analysis. Results Alberta Infant Motor Scale scores were significantly lower in preterm infants than in full-term infants. Mean AIMS scores in preterm infants were significantly associated with RDS (b=−1.93; 95% CI=−2.70, −1.16), IVH (b=−0.97; 95% CI=−1.69, −0.25), and ROP (b=−1.12; 95% CI=−1.99, −0.24) but not with BPD or sepsis in hierarchical regression analysis. Conclusions Alberta Infant Motor Scale norms were created for Greek preterm infants. This study confirms that AIMS trajectories of preterm infants are below those of full-term infants of the same nationality. The influence of morbidity factors, including RDS, IVH, and ROP, should be taken into account when administering the AIMS in preterm infants.
Spatial Distribution of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Florida Sugarcane

The spatial distribution of two white grub species was measured in 40 Florida sugarcane fields. The highest density of third-instar grubs of both Cyclocephala parallela Casey and Ligyrus subtropicus Blatchley was found from 0 to 15 cm directly under sugarcane stools. Both species were aggregated among sugarcane stools in > 90% of the fields sampled. However, C. parallela was more evenly spread throughout fields than L. subtropicus, which infested field edges most heavily.
Evidence for Multiple Trapping Mechanisms in Single CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots from Fluorescence Intermittency Measurements over a Wide Range of Excitation Intensities

Fluorescence intermittency of single CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dot particles is investigated over a wide range of excitation intensities and at two excitation wavelengths. Deviation from previously observed power law behavior in both the on- and off-duration probability distributions is observed at both excitation wavelengths, one near the band gap and one 350 meV above the band gap. Increasing the excitation intensity modifies the off-duration probability distribution such that the probability of long off-time events decreases, an effect that is observed to saturate at an average number of excitons created per pulse of one, ⟨N⟩ ≈ 1. The on-duration probability distribution is well-described by a power law for short on-time events, crossing over to an exponential distribution for long on-time events. Increasing the excitation intensity induces this crossover to occur at earlier times, saturating at ⟨N ⟩ ≈ 2. The different intensity-dependent trends for the on- and off-duration probability distributions ...
THE PROPAGATION OF WATER WAVES IN PRISMATIC CHANNELS

Short waves in a channel can present navigational problems and may excite harbor oscillations. Channel sidewalk may reduce much of this wave energy, if they are sufficiently porous or they are sloped. Previously we presented a model for wave propagation in prismatic channels of arbitrary cross-section utilizing a numerical eigenfunction expansion. Here a series of small scale laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the numerical model. Comparisons of the numerical model to the experimental data are made for water surface profile and for eigenfunctions. The possibility of resonance between the edge wave and the second harmonic of the incident wave is also studied.
Inertial compensation study of temperature sensor in aeroengine

Aiming at problem of measurement hysteresis of temperature sensor in a type of aeroengine,a method for inertial compensation of sensor is proposed. This method firstly gets time constant,and advice it adopt least error rule; then applys time constant to compensate; finally,secondary exponential smoothing method is used to revise the compensation curve. By simlation and experimental verification,time constant is obtained and temperature compensation is realized,and it shows that the method is effective and it can be used for inertial compensation of temperature sensor.
Effect of Further Education Program for Administrative Staff of Disease Control and Prevention

Objective To evaluate the effect of the further education program for administrative staff of disease control and prevention,and thus to assure the improvement in training quality. Methods Kirkpatrick model was adopted to evaluate the response,learning,behavior and attainment. Results The education course emphasized on practical needs,practicability and applicability. The professional competence and practical skill were both improved,resulting in achievement of the expected effect. Conclusion The information acquired by scoring can scientifically regulate the training management in the future and improve the training quality.
Impacts of aerosol inhalation of budesonide combined with ambroxol hydrochloride in treating infants with chronic cough caused by pneumonia mycoplasma infection

Objective To discuss clinical effect of aerosol inhalation of budesonide combined with ambroxol hydrochloride in treating infants with chronic cough caused by pneumonia mycoplasma infection( PMI). Methods Atotal of 84 infants caused by PMI were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 42 patients in each group. The patients in control group were given azithmmycin anti-infectious treatment and aerosol inhalation of ambroxol hydrochloride while the observation group was added aerosol inhalation of budesonide on the basis of the control group. Eosinophil granulocyte( EOS),immunoglobulin E( IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein( ECP) levels in both groups were observed before and after the treatment. The clinical effect and cough symptomatic scores on the first,the third,the fifth and the seventh days of treatment were compared. Meanwhile,the time of cough relieving and disappearance as well as recurrent within 3 months were recorded in the period of following up visits. Results Cough symptomatic scores were significantly lower,but overall response rate was higher in observation group than in the control group on the first,the third,the fifth and the seventh days of treatment. After treatment,ECP and EOS levels decreased obviously,and IgE increased evidently in both group. The time of cough relieving,disappear time and recurrent time within 3 months were obviously shorter in observation group than in control group. Conclusion Combination of Budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride aerosol inhalation is remarkable in treating infants with chronic cough caused by MPI and are capable of shortening treatment time and effectively controlling repeated infection of respiratory tract.
Effectiveness of bronchodilators for bronchiolitis treatment.

Bronchodilators may transiently improve the clinical status of infants with bronchiolitis and no prior history of wheezing. However, moderately strong evidence shows that key outcomes such as oxygen saturation, need for hospitalization, length of hospitalization, and duration of symptoms are not changed by the use of bronchodilators.
Arder en la Gran Manzana. #YoSoy132NY, transnacionalismo sociopolítico en acción

Este trabajo explica el proceso de formacion y de accion durante 2012 de #YoSoy132NY, en la ciudad de Nueva York. Con ello se debatira sobre las nociones tradicionales de transnacionalismo politico, en particular, la nocion predominante en Estados Unidos. La conclusion es que las organizaciones de migrantes han diversificado sus formas de actuar, su perspectiva politica y sus demandas, lo cual hace necesario ampliar las nociones conceptuales politicas del transnacionalismo para entender mejor estos procesos colectivos. Por lo tanto, se plantea utilizar la nocion de transnacionalismo sociopolitico como el concepto que abarca analiticamente a un mayor numero de organizaciones de migrantes en Estados Unidos.
Metabolic flux-driven sialylation alters internalization, recycling, and drug sensitivity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells

In prior work we reported that advanced stage, drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells (the SW1990 line) can be sensitized to the EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib and gefitinib by treatment with 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc (Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2015) 25(6):1223-7). Here we provide mechanistic insights into how this compound inhibits EGFR activity and provides synergy with TKI drugs. First, we showed that the sialylation of the EGFR receptor was at most only modestly enhanced (by ~20 to 30%) compared to overall ~2-fold increase in cell surface levels of this sugar. Second, flux-driven sialylation did not alter EGFR dimerization as has been reported for cancer cell lines that experience increased sialylation due to spontaneous mutations. Instead, we present evidence that 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc treatment weakens the galectin lattice, increases the internalization of EGFR, and shifts endosomal trafficking towards non-clathrin mediated (NCM) endocytosis. Finally, by evaluating downstream targets of EGFR signaling, we linked synergy between 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc and existing TKI drugs to a shift from clathrin-coated endocytosis (which allows EGFR signaling to continue after internalization) towards NCM endocytosis, which targets internalized moieties for degradation and thereby rapidly diminishes signaling.
Do interim assessments reduce the race and SES achievement gaps

AbstractThe authors examined differential effects of interim assessments on minority and low socioeconomic status students' achievement in Grades K–6. They conducted a large-scale cluster randomized experiment in 2009–2010 to evaluate the impact of Indiana's policy initiative introducing interim assessments statewide. The authors used 2-level models to analyze the single-grade data and determine whether interim assessments interacted with student ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, or school composition (i.e., percent of minority or disadvantaged students). The authors also combined estimates across grades using fixed effects meta-analysis. Results indicated little evidence about differential effects. The majority of interaction estimates were insignificant and close to zero. There is some indication that in Grades K–2 Indiana's interim assessment may have closed the Hispanic–White gap in reading. In kindergarten and Grade 3 the treatment may have widened the gap between schools with higher and lower...
Global tRNA misacylation induced by anaerobiosis and antibiotic exposure broadly increases stress resistance in Escherichia coli

High translational fidelity is commonly considered a requirement for optimal cellular health and protein function. However, recent findings have shown that inducible mistranslation specifically with methionine engendered at the tRNA charging level occurs in mammalian cells, yeast and archaea, yet it was unknown whether bacteria were capable of mounting a similar response. Here, we demonstrate that Escherichia coli misacylates non-methionyl-tRNAs with methionine in response to anaerobiosis and antibiotic exposure via the methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS). Two MetRS succinyl-lysine modifications independently confer high tRNA charging fidelity to the otherwise promiscuous, unmodified enzyme. Strains incapable of tRNA mismethionylation are less adept at growth in the presence of antibiotics and stressors. The presence of tRNA mismethionylation and its potential role in mistranslation within the bacterial domain establishes this response as a pervasive biological mechanism and connects it to diverse cellular functions and modes of fitness.
Telephone-Delivered Stepped Collaborative Care for Treating Anxiety in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Collaborative care for depression is more effective in improving treatment outcomes than primary care physicians’ (PCPs) usual care (UC). However, few trials of collaborative care have targeted anxiety. To examine the impact and 12-month durability of a centralized, telephone-delivered, stepped collaborative care intervention (CC) for treating anxiety disorders across a network of primary care practices. Randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessments. A total of 329 patients aged 18–64 referred by their PCPs in response to an electronic medical record (EMR) prompt. They include 250 highly anxious patients randomized to either CC or to UC, and 79 moderately anxious patients who were triaged to a watchful waiting (WW) cohort and later randomized if their conditions clinically deteriorated. Twelve months of telephone-delivered CC involving non-mental health professionals who provided patients with basic psycho-education, assessed preferences for guideline-based pharmacotherapy, monitored treatment responses, and informed PCPs of their patients’ care preferences and progress via the EMR. Mental health-related quality of life ([HRQoL]; SF-36 MCS); secondary outcomes: anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [SIGH-A], Panic Disorder Severity Scale) and mood (PHQ-9). At 12-month follow-up, highly anxious patients randomized to CC reported improved mental HRQoL (effect size [ES]: 0.38 [95 % CI: 0.13–0.63]; P = 0.003), anxiety (SIGH-A ES: 0.30 [0.05–0.55]; P = 0.02), and mood (ES: 0.45 [0.19–0.71] P = 0.001) versus UC. These improvements were sustained for 12 months among African-Americans (ES: 0.70–1.14) and men (ES: 0.43–0.93). Of the 79 WW patients, 29 % met severity criteria for randomization, and regardless of treatment assignment, WW patients reported fewer anxiety and mood symptoms and better mental HRQoL over the full 24-month follow-up period than highly anxious patients who were randomized at baseline. Telephone-delivered, centralized, stepped CC improves mental HRQoL, anxiety and mood symptoms. These improvements were durable and particularly evident among those most anxious at baseline, and among African-Americans and men.
Erratum to “Dynamics of the normal-superconductor phase transition and the puzzle of the Meissner effect” [Ann. Physics 362 (2015) 1–23]

Abstract The paper contains several incorrect statements related to the fact that the key issues of reversibility of the normal-superconductor transition [1] and the hole-like nature of the normal charge carriers [2] were not properly recognized. Even though these issues were clarified in subsequent publications [3] , [4] , we believe it should be useful for the reader that we clarify here which of the statements in this paper are incorrect.
Body waves as normal and leaking modes: Dispersion and excitation on the (+ −) sheet

abstract Leaking modes are little influenced by the presence of a low α layer. The lattice-like structure of the phase-velocity curves occurs for a two-layer model as well as for a six-layer one. The excitation tends to be high where phase-velocity curves cross (or approach) each other. Both normally and inversely dispersed wave trains are predicted; the agreement with the observations varies from fair to good.
The impact of pseudoprogression on the current treatment strategy of glioblastoma patients.

e13055 Background: Pseudoprogression is an inflammatory response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in high grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that can be confused with true tumor progress...
Di­chloro­bis(1-methyl­imidazole)­zinc(II)

The zinc(II) ion in the title compound, [ZnCl2(C4H6N2)2], has a distorted tetrahedral geometry with a Cl2N2 environment.
Timing of Hemoconcentration During Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Subsequent Survival : Importance of Sustained Decongestion

Objectives This study sought to determine if the timing of hemoconcentration influences associated survival. Background Indicating a reduction in intravascular volume, hemoconcentration during the treatment of decompensated heart failure has been associated with reduced mortality. However, it is unclear if this survival advantage stems from the improved intravascular volume or if healthier patients are simply more responsive to diuretics. Rapid diuresis early in the hospitalization should similarly identify diuretic responsiveness, but hemoconcentration this early would not indicate euvolemia if extravascular fluid has not yet equilibrated. Methods Consecutive admissions at a single center with a primary discharge diagnosis of heart failure were reviewed (N = 845). Hemoconcentration was defined as an increase in both hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, then further dichotomized into early or late hemoconcentration by using the midway point of the hospitalization. Results Hemoconcentration occurred in 422 (49.9%) patients (41.5% early and 58.5% late). Patients with late versus early hemoconcentration had similar baseline characteristics, cumulative in-hospital loop diuretic administered, and worsening of renal function. However, patients with late hemoconcentration versus early hemoconcentration had higher average daily loop diuretic doses (p = 0.001), greater weight loss (p Conclusions Only hemoconcentration occurring late in the hospitalization was associated with improved survival. These results provide further support for the importance of achieving sustained decongestion during treatment of decompensated heart failure.
Overcoming neonatal sickness: Sex-specific effects of sickness on physiology and social behavior

Early-life environmental stressors, including sickness, have the potential to disrupt development in ways that could severely impact fitness. Despite what is known about the effects of sickness on reproduction, the precise physiological mechanisms have not yet been determined. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of a neonatal immune challenge on adult reproductive physiology and opposite-sex social behavior. Male and female Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) pups were administered lipopolysaccharide ([LPS]; a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria) or saline injections on postnatal days 3 and 5 and body mass, food intake, and measures of reproductive maturity were taken throughout development. In adulthood, hamsters were placed in staged mating pairs with reproductively mature individuals of the opposite sex, during which a series of behaviors were scored. We found that although males and females showed no change in food intake, body mass, or reproductive behaviors, LPS-treated females had abnormal estrous cycles and smaller ovaries. Females also showed increased investigation of and increased aggression towards males in a reproductive context. In contrast, LPS-treated males showed no change in any physiological measures, nor did they show any changes in behavior. The present findings demonstrate that females may be more robustly affected by neonatal sickness than males and that these effects could have potential impacts on reproductive success. Collectively, the results of this study can be used to expand upon what is already known about sickness and reproduction, specifically the importance of social behaviors involved in pre-copulation and information necessary to choose the appropriate mate.
Success of Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Down Syndrome

Study Objectives:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in children with Down syndrome (DS) and associated with significant morbidity. In the current study we examined polysomnographic outcomes of...