cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost effective ontology population with data from lists in OCRed historical documents

A method of automatically extracting facts from lists in OCRed documents and inserting them into an ontology would contribute to making a variety of historical knowledge machine searchable, queryable, and linkable. To work well, such a process must be adaptable to variations in list format, tolerant of OCR errors, and careful in its selection of human guidance. We propose ListReader, a wrapper-induction solution for information extraction that is specialized for lists in OCRed documents. ListReader can induce either a regular-expression grammar or a Hidden Markov Model. Each can infer list structure and field labels from OCR text. We decrease the cost and improve the accuracy of the induction process using semi-supervised machine learning and active learning, allowing induction of a wrapper from almost a single hand-labeled instance per field per list. After applying an induced wrapper, ListReader automatically maps the labeled text it produces to a rich variety of ontologically structured predicates. We evaluate our implementation on family history books in terms of the typical F-measure and a new metric, "Label Efficiency", which measures both extraction quality and cost in a single number. We show with statistical significance that ListReader reaches values closer to optimal levels than a state-of-the-art statistical sequence labeler.
Functional Role of Protein Kinase B/Akt in Gastric Acid Secretion *

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the prototypic member of a large family of peptide growth factors that are known to exert numerous biological actions in the gut (30).
Transcendental meditation and psychological health.

15 experienced transcendental meditators and 21 novice meditators were administered Bendig's anxiety scale, Rotter's Locus of Control scale, and Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory of self-actualization. As predicted, experienced meditators were significantly less anxious and more internally controlled than beginning meditators. Likewise, experienced meditators were significantly higher, i.e., more self-actualized, on 7 of Shostrom's 12 subscales. These impressive results are discussed in terms of the psychological health implications of Transcendental Meditation and its potential therapeutic applications.
Neonatal sinovenous thrombosis associated with homozygous thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in both mother and infant.

Neonatal Sinovenous Thrombosis Associated With Homozygous Thermolabile Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Both Mother and Infant
A digital excitation control system for use on brushless excited synchronous generators

Automatic voltage regulators for small to medium size brushless excited synchronous generators have traditionally utilized analog electronics. Modern voltage regulator systems are beginning to utilize the power, flexibility, and cost advantage of the microprocessor for control. Furthermore, digital voltage regulators have the added advantage of ease of compensator custom-design. This paper presents a new method for determining the stability parameters for small/medium size generators that have limited effect on overall system stability. A digital excitation control system (DECS) is used as a platform for this discussion. DECS utilizes a discrete proportional, integral and derivative (PID) control algorithm. A direct design (pole placement) method for selecting PID parameters is presented along with the test results.
tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria

A 3'-end proximal segment of most of the putative mRNAs encoded in the heavy strand of HeLa cell mtDNA has been partially sequences and aligned with the DNA sequence. In all cases, the 3'-end nucleotide of the individual mRNA coding sequences has been found to be immediately contiguous to a tRNA gene or another mRNA coding sequence. These and previous results indicate that the heavy (H) strand sequences coding for the rRNA, poly(A)-containing RNA and tRNA species form a continuum extending over almost the entire length of this strand. We propose that the H strand is transcribed into a single polycistronic RNA molecule, which is processed later into mature species by precise endonucleolytic cleavages which occur, in most cases, immediately before and after a tRNA sequence.
High-temperature plasticity effects in bridged cracks and subcortical crack growth in ceramic composites

The time-dependent plasticity of the crack-wake bridging zone at high temperatures is found to control the rate of subcritical crack growth in continuous-fiber-reinforced ceramic composites. Subcritical crack growth measurements of ceramic matrix composites were conducted on materials consisting of chemical-vapor infiltrated SiC matrix reinforced with Nicalon fibers (SiC/SiCf) having C and BN fiber-matrix interfaces. Crack velocities were determined as a function of stress intensity in pure Ar and in Ar + 2000 ppm O2 at 1100 °C. A stage II regime, where the crack velocity is weakly dependent on the applied stress intensity, characterized the V − K data over a range of stress intensities corresponding to the R curve of the material. This stage II behavior was followed by a stage III, or power-law, regime at higher stress intensities. Oxygen increased the crack velocity in the stage II regime and shifted the stage II to stage III transition to lower stress intensities. A two-dimensional micromechanics approach modeled the time-dependence of crack bridging by allowing fiber creep and was able to rationalize the observed velocity measurements and the stage II to stage III transition.
Current Outcomes of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome With Restrictive Atrial Septum: A Single-Center Experience

Advances in the management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have resulted in improved survival. However, short and long-term mortality in patients with a restrictive atrial septum remains high. All neonates diagnosed with HLHS from 2003 to 2010 at our institution were evaluated. Patients who underwent atrial septostomy within the first 72 h conformed the restrictive atrial septum group (HLHS-RS). Patients with a non-restrictive communication (HLHS-NRS) formed the control group. Outcomes and survival status were determined from review of medical records. Of the 141 newborns diagnosed with HLHS, 20 (14 %) required intervention for a restrictive atrial septum. Procedural success was achieved in 17/20 (85 %) patients. Complications occurred in ten procedures, two of which were life threatening. No procedural deaths occurred. Overall median follow up was 35.5 months (0.4-104). Initial hospitalization survival was 16/20 (80 %) for the HLHS-RS group and 114/121(94 %) for the HLHS-NRS (p = 0.028). Twenty (14 %) patients were lost to follow up and 9 (6 %) underwent heart transplant. Overall survival was 10/16 (62 %) for HLHSRS patients and 77/95 (81 %) for HLHS-NRS (p = 0.1). Survival after initial discharge was 10/12 (83 %) for the HLHS-RS group and 77/88 (87 %) for the HLHS-NRS (p = 0.67). No predictors for HLHS-RS outcome were identified. Mortality at first-stage palliation in HLHS neonates with a restrictive atrial septum remains higher than in those with an unrestrictive communication. However, survival after initial hospital discharge is similar.
Observation of the k-dependent contribution of the dipole-dipole interaction to the spin wave energies in MnF2

Abstract We observe shift of the two-magnon far-infrared absorption in MnF2 at the spin-flop transition with E ⊥ c and E ∥ c. These shifts measure the dipolar contribution to the magnon energy at the zone boundary and agree with theoretical predictions.
Hydrogen-hydrogen interaction in palladium-silver alloys

Abstract It is demonstrated by means of new equilibrium data obtained at 555 K and 700 K that the net hydrogen-hydrogen interaction in dilute solutions in palladium-silver alloys changes from attractive to repulsive between 35 and 40 atomic% silver.
Removable partial dentures: Clinical concepts

This article provides a review of the traditional clinical concepts for the design and fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs). Although classic theories and rules for RPD designs have been presented and should be followed, excellent clinical care for partially edentulous patients may also be achieved with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology and unique blended designs. These nontraditional RPD designs and fabrication methods provide for improved fit, function, and esthetics by using computer-aided design software, composite resin for contours and morphology of abutment teeth, metal support structures for long edentulous spans and collapsed occlusal vertical dimensions, and flexible, nylon thermoplastic material for metal-supported clasp assemblies.
Toward a comprehensive approach to nutrition/health planning for poor countries†

The paper addresses the problem of design for poor countries health/nutrition programs which are compatible both with national development goals and the constraints imposed by the village milieu in which human needs must be met. National level nutrition, health, family planning, food production and other programs are considered along with their sometimes conflicting impacts on variables such as nutritional status, infant/child mortality, personal productivity, population growth rate, employment, food production, GNP growth rate, government budget balance, foreign exchange balance and distribution of wealth. The paper describes an illustrative village level nutrition/health program designed to meet key human needs within realistic budget constraints and concludes with a discussion of useful roles computer models can play in comprehensive nutrition/health planning.
Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents with First-Episode Psychosis

Background: Studies have reported an increased risk for suicide in adults with schizophrenia, but limited data on younger populations are available. Aims: We hypothesize that first-episode psychosis is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior in adolescents. Method: A retrospective study was conducted with patients (n=102) diagnosed with psychosis not otherwised specified (NOS), schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder or schizophrenia within six months prior to admission. A control group consisting of ninety-eight patients with other (nonpsychosis) psychiatric diagnoses admitted to the same unit was matched by age, gender and ethnicity. All patients and controls were administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Children version to assess severity of psychiatric symptoms and suicidality, and medical records were used to assess suicidal behavior and possible risk factors. Results: When compared to controls, patients with psychosis had over twice as many suicide attempts overall ...
Safer alternatives to fire and explosions in classroom demonstrations

Abstract Chemical demonstrations are an effective means of promoting student interest, as well as a means of presenting abstract concepts on a concrete basis. Student excitement, however, is particularly aroused by fire and explosions. Such demonstrations are often attempted by inexperienced individuals and occasionally result in accidents and injury even to experienced demonstrators. Many demonstrations involving fire and explosions have safer alternatives or hazards that can be greatly reduced by using commercially available materials or utilizing microscale quantities. This paper provides a number of safer alternatives to fire and explosion demonstrations along with recommended safety precautions.
Multimedia Collaborative Content Creation (mc3): The MSU Lecture Online System*

Putting lecture material on-line is a time-consuming undertaking. Before communicating any subject matter, faculty must invest time and effort in dealing with computer-related administrative overhead. Also, in traditional lecture preparations, faculty can profit from years of previously prepared written material, while for on-line classes, they often unnecessarily re-create learning modules that already exist on-line. Lecture Online is a means for faculty to develop modular on-line resources collaboratively and share them with each other. The Learning Online Network, which is currently under development, implements a distributed server network with a strong emphasis on cross-institutional collaborations with intellectual property rights management and optional usage-based royalty mechanisms.
I-Cell Disease: Biochemical Studies

Extract: Six patients with I-cell disease (ICD) are studied. Multiple acid hydrolase deficiencies are demonstrated in cultured skin fibroblasts. These include βs-galactosidase (2% of normal), β-glucosaminidase (8% of normal), β-glucuronidase (7% of normal), α-ga-lactosidase (10% of normal), and arylsulfatase A (5% of normal). Acid hydrolases found not to be deficient include β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. In brain and visceral organs, only β-galactosidase is deficient (27% of normal in brain; 11% of normal in liver). A nonspecific accumulation of lipids of all classes occurs in skin fibroblasts (2–3 times normal), but not in brain or visceral organs. No accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides is demonstrated in skin fibroblasts or liver. Speculation: I-cell disease may represent a unique opportunity for the study of control of intracellular levels of lysosomal enzymes.
No class: Russell on contextual definition and the elimination of sets

The article rebutts Michael Kremer’s contention that Russell’s contextual definition of set-theoretic language in Principia Mathematica constituted the ontological achievement of eliminating commitment to classes. Although Russell’s higher-order quantifiers, used in the definition, need not range over classes, none of the plausible substitutes provide a solid basis for eliminating them. This point is used to defend the presentation, in The Dawn of Analysis, of Russell’s logicist reduction, using a first-order version of naive set theory.
Fine needle aspiration: a novel application in laryngology.

Summary Fine needle aspiration (FNA) has had an early start in medicine and has been heavily used in the United States since the 1980s. It is regarded as a highly effective means to sample mass lesions, serving as the first diagnostic procedure in many instances. FNA is safe, less invasive than biopsy, and reduces the risk of scar formation. Its main limitations can be overcome through effective training and practiced technique. In laryngology, the development of new and diversified therapeutic and diagnostic strategies depends on the development of equally appropriate diagnostic tools. FNA has the potential to be a relatively easy procedure that can be performed under local anesthesia, increasing the otolaryngologist's armamentarium. Combining the FNA procedure with technology now available, secondary to advances in genomic science, rather than cytology and H&E stains, provides the means of obtaining clinically useful information about benign and malignant disease for clinicians and researchers. This paper provides a review of the traditional FNA procedure. It offers an introduction to the future applicability of FNA to office-based laryngology. Lastly, this paper familiarizes the reader with the genomic principles being used for this procedure.
Density functional theory of the electronic and magnetic properties of interfaces and multilayers

Abstract Some recent developments of first-principles local density electronic structure theory to the determination of the properties of interfaces and multilayers are described. These include (i) both bilinear and biquadratic exchange coupling and (ii) spin-orbit coupling induced phenomena such as magneto-crystalline anisotropy, orbital magnetic moments and magnetic circular dichroism.
Multiple Progressive Intracranial Arterial Occlusions

A 30-year-old woman experienced a series of strokes over a period of three months. Radiographical studies showed evidence of occlusive disease of the cerebral arteries and a rich collateral circulation typical of multiple progressive intracranial arterial occlusive disease. At autopsy, the involved cerebral arteries showed marked fibrosis of the intima, media and adventitia, degeneration of the internal elastic lamina, and evidence of old and recent thrombosis. These findings are interpreted as a late stage of the disease and give no indication as to its pathogenesis. It is suggested that the vascular disease may have had its onset in childhood with the terminal strokes related to institution of oral contraceptive therapy.
Modeling and prediction for multivariate spatial factor analysis

Factor analysis of multivariate spatial data is considered. A systematic approach for modeling the underlying structure of potentially irregularly spaced, geo-referenced vector observations is proposed. Statistical inference procedures for selecting the number of factors and for model building are discussed. We derive a condition under which a simple and practical inference procedure is valid without specifying the form of distributions and factor covariance functions. The multivariate prediction problem is also discussed, and a procedure combining the latent variable modeling and a measurement-error-free kriging technique is introduced. Simulation results and an example using agricultural data are presented.
Anesthesia for thyroidectomy

Abstract 1. 1. No single anesthetic agent which is available at the present time is ideal for all operations upon the thyroid gland. 2. 2. In some instances, it is essential to avoid the psychic shock of operation under local anesthesia and in these cases, particularly in younger patients, a basal anesthesia is of definite advantage. 3. 3. It is inadvisable to subject elderly or debilitated patients to the depressant effects of either general or basal anesthetics. In these cases the postoperative course is smoother if the operation can be performed under local anesthesia with a minimum of gas oxygen analgesia. 4. 4. It should be remembered that the drug sensitivity of patients with hyperthyroidism varies with the basal metabolic rate and that patients with high rates tolerate larger doses of morphine and larger doses of the basal anesthetics than do those with normal or low metabolic rates. 5. 5. In patients who are poor operative risks and to whom it is not desirable to administer a basal anesthetic, yet whose temperament is such that psychic trauma should be avoided, it is important to have the patient become accustomed to the presence of the anesthetist and the gas machine before the operation. If this plan is followed, if the operation is performed in the patient's room, and if an adequate dose of morphine is given before the operation, the great majority of patients can be carried through the operation under local anesthesia without experiencing undue apprehension or discomfort. 6. 6. In young patients who are good risks, there is no contraindication to the administration of an adequate basal anesthesia, so that amnesia can make the operation an experience which can be looked back upon without unpleasant recollections. 7. 7. Avertin in doses of 60 or 70 mg. per kilogram of body weight or paraldehyde in doses of 1.4 c.c. per 10 pounds body weight is a satisfactory basal anesthetic for young patients who are good operative risks. Our preference is for avertin.
Integrating Communication and Engineering Education: A Look at Curricula, Courses, and Support Systems

In this article we point to the ways in which engineering and communication disciplines can work together to ensure the ABET criterion that encompasses effective communication is represented in engineering curricula. Drawing upon examples from several universities in North America, we offer useful portraits of writing across the curriculum approaches, interdisciplinary courses, integrated programs, and a variety of support systems including writing and communication centers and online resources. As we develop increased awareness of the importance of including communication instruction in engineering curricula, the variety of possibilities presented in this article can help us integrate communication and engineering education.
Comparison of Memory Skills in Learning Disabled, Low-Reading, and Nondisabled Adolescents:

Concerns are raised regarding the samples used in studies of learning disabled children. In this study, subjects were 56 high school students; 10 exhibited perceptual or processing difficulties ("learning disabled"), 15 performed poorly on reading achievement tests ("low readers"), and 31 showed no scholastic problems ("nondisabled"). Scores of the three groups were compared on nine memory tasks involving either auditory or visual input and encompassing a wide variety of content (digits, pictures, related and unrelated words, paired-associates, or sentences). The nondisabled group performed significantly better than the learning disabled group on all but one of the tasks. The low readers' performance was similar to that of the learning disabled group for some tasks, but significantly different on other tasks, most notably on tasks involving visual factors. Implications for research with learning disabled populations are discussed.
Geology of the Icy satellites

In the last 25 years, the explorations of the Voyager and Galileo missions have resulted in an entirely new view of the icy worlds orbiting the giant outer planets. These objects show a huge diversity in their characteristics, resulting from their formation histories, internal processes and interactions with their space environments. This paper will review the current state of knowledge about the icy satellites and discuss the exciting prospects for the upcoming Cassini/Huygens mission as it begins a new era of exploration of the Saturn satellite system.
Rise of Mini-Drones: Applications and Issues

Miniature (mini) drones are enjoying increasing attention. They have a broad market and applications. However, a powerful technology often has two ethical sides. Miniature drones can be abused, rendering security and privacy concerns. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we will perform a survey of mini-drones on market and compare their specifications such as flight time, maximum payload weight, and price, and regulations and issues of operating mini-drones. Second, we propose novel aerial localization strategies and compare six different localization strategies for a thorough study of aerial localization by a single drone.
Genetic Analysis of a Poliovirus/Hepatitis C Virus Chimera: New Structure for Domain II of the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site of Hepatitis C Virus

Internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) of certain plus-strand RNA viruses direct cap-independent initiation of protein synthesis both in vitro and in vivo, as can be shown with artificial dicistronic mRNAs or with chimeric viral genomes in which IRES elements were exchanged from one virus to another. Whereas IRESs of picornaviruses can be readily analyzed in the context of their cognate genome by genetics, the IRES of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a Hepacivirus belonging to Flaviviridae, cannot as yet be subjected to such analyses because of difficulties in propagating HCV in tissue culture or in experimental animals. This enigma has been overcome by constructing a poliovirus (PV) whose translation is controled by the HCV IRES. Within the PV/HCV chimera, the HCV IRES has been subjected to systematic 5′ deletion analyses to yield a virus (P/H710-d40) whose replication kinetics match that of the parental poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney). Genetic analyses of the HCV IRES in P/H710-d40 have confirmed that the 5′ border maps to domain II, thereby supporting the validity of the experimental approach applied here. Additional genetic experiments have provided evidence for a novel structural region within domain II. Arguments that the phenotypes observed with the mutant chimera relate solely to impaired genome replication rather than deficiencies in translation have been dispelled by constructing novel dicistronic poliovirus replicons with the gene order [PV]cloverleaf-[HCV]IRES-Δcore-R-Luc-[PV]IRES-F-Luc-P2,3-3′NTR, which have allowed the measurement of HCV IRES-dependent translation independently from the replication of the replicon RNA.
Vibration and Critical Speed of Spinning Disks Under an In - Plane Axisymmetric Magnetic Field; Analytical Predictions and Experimental Investigation

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the vibration and critical speed of thin conductive spinning disk immerse in a magnetic field is prese nted. In this context, the disk is modeled as Kirchhoff plate and the transverse vibrations are considered to be linear. The transverse magneto -elastic governing equation of spinning disk in a magnetic field is analytically derived. The effect of the magn etic field and other structural and geometrical parameters are considered in the model. Analytical, numerical and experimental results are presented and pertinent conclusions outlined.
An improved (Auto:I, LSP:T) constrained iterative speech enhancement for colored noise environments

We illustrate how the (Auto:I, LSP:T) constrained iterative speech enhancement algorithm can be extended to provide improved performance in colored noise environments. The modified algorithm, referred to as noise adaptive (Auto:I, LSP:T), operates on subband signal components in which the terminating iteration is adjusted based on the a posteriori estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each signal subband. The enhanced speech is formulated as a combined estimate from individual signal subband estimators. The algorithm is shown to improve objective speech quality in additive noise environments over the traditional constrained iterative (Auto:I, LSP:T) enhancement formulation.
Age-specific colonization of porcine intestinal epithelium by 987P-piliated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Abstract Neonatal (less than 1-day-old), 3- and 7-day old, and older (3-week-old postweaning) pigs were challenged by intragastric inoculation with 987P-piliated (987P+) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) 987. Neonatal pigs were colonized (i.e., there were greater than or equal to 10(8) CFU of test strain per 10-cm ileal segment) and developed diarrhea. Intestinal colonization and the incidence and severity of diarrhea were lower in 3- and 7-day old pigs than in neonates. Older pigs were not colonized and did not develop diarrhea following oral inoculation with five strains of 987P+ ETEC. Strain 987 (987P+) adhered in vitro to intestinal epithelial cell brush borders isolated from both neonatal (sensitive) and older (resistant) pigs. The in vivo growth and expression of 987P pilus by strain 987 in ligated ileal loops created in neonatal and older pigs were similar. The in vivo adherence of 987P+ ETEC to intestinal epithelium in ligated ileal loops in neonatal and older pigs was compared. In neonatal pigs, most of the bacteria were in layers associated with the villous epithelium. In older pigs, most of the bacteria were associated with mucus-like material in the intestinal lumen. We concluded that swine develop an innate resistance to 987P+ ETEC by 3 weeks of age. This resistance does not appear to be due to an absence of 987P-specific receptors in the intestines of the older pig or to an inability of 987P+ bacteria to grow and express pili in the older pig. We hypothesized that the resistance of older pigs to 987P-mediated disease is due to release of 987P-specific receptors into the intestinal lumen, where these receptors facilitate bacterial clearance rather than bacterial adherence to intestinal epithelium and colonization.
Filter solutions for the nonlinear inverse heat conduction problem

Estimation of the heat flux for a quenched solid stainless steel sphere is demonstrated using a filter formulation. Even though the values of the thermal properties significantly change during quenching, nearly as accurate heat flux estimates as with temperature-variable analyses are possible using the proposed filter method. The filter algorithm is very efficient for the repeated analyses of similar tests. The filter solution method uses several IHCP methods including function specification and Tikhonov regularization.
Female Migrant Domestic Workers in Southern Europe and the Levant: Towards an Expanded Mediterranean Model?

This paper examines the global and structural forces facilitating the movement of female migrant domestic workers (FMDWs) from developing regions to southern Europe and the Levant. At the intersection of welfare state, childcare, gender and migration regimes, we can identify a cross-Mediterranean domestic worker model. It has important implications for the magnitude, composition (in terms of national background and live-in vs. live-out work), legal status and mobilization of the region's FMDWs. Their roles in global migration flows and national labour markets, as explained in the existing literature, are examined, followed by case comparison of Spain, Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon and Jordan.
Sequential Magnetic Resonance Monitoring of Pulmonary Flow With Endovascular Stents Placed Across the Pulmonary Valve in Growing Swine

Background Patients with endovascular stent implantation for the treatment of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction are often left with incomplete relief of the obstruction and significant pulmonary regurgitation. A noninvasive and reproducible method for monitoring such patients is desirable. MRI in the presence of a stent, however, has to overcome the problem of potential metallic artifacts. Methods and Results Under x-ray fluoroscopic guidance, endovascular nitinol stents were placed across the pulmonary valve in 6 young pigs to induce pulmonary regurgitation. Five additional pigs served as controls. Initial MRI was performed after 2 days (13.5±1.8 kg) and follow-up after 3 months (32±2.9 kg). Pulmonary flow volumes and regurgitant fraction were quantified by velocity-encoded cine (VEC) MRI through (VEC-TS) and distal to (VEC-DS) the stent. VEC-TS was compared with VEC-DS and volumetric measurements of left and right ventricular stroke volumes provided by cine MRI (“gold standard”). Antegrade and...
Beginning adult L2 learners' sensitivity to morphosyntactic violations: A self-paced reading study

This study investigated beginning adult second language (L2) learners' sensitivity to L2 morphosyntactic violations as a function of cross-language similarity. Online sensitivity was indexed by self-paced reading times at: (1) the critical word at which the violation could first be detected, (2) the post-critical word, and (3) the sentence-final word. In conditions in which morphosyntactic marking systems were similar or different in L1 and L2, reading times on the critical word were slower when it cued a violation than when it did not; however, this sensitivity was not apparent in a construction unique to L2. Slower reading times to violations spilled over onto the post-critical word. Cross-language similarity also influenced sentence-final word reading times. Despite this online sensitivity, post-sentence grammaticality judgements were generally poor. However, these judgements were influenced by morphosyntactic markings on words after the critical word, suggesting that learners can make use of this info...
Influence of Formulation Factors on Tablet Formulations with Liquid Permeation Enhancer Using Factorial Design

For a drug with low bioavailability, a matrix tablet with liquid permeation enhancer (Labrasol®) was formulated. Factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of three formulation factors: drug percentage, polymer type (Methocel® K100M or Eudragit® L 100-55), and tablet binder percentage (Plasdone® S-630) on tablet characteristics. Tablets were prepared by direct compression and characterized. Compressibility index values ranged between 15.90% and 29.87% and tablet hardness values from 7.8 to 29.78 Kp. Eudragit®-containing formulations had better compressibility index values with higher tablet hardness. Time for 75% of drug release (T75) was calculated, and formulations containing Eudragit® L 100-55 had faster release rates than tablet formulations with Methocel® K100M. Formulations with Methocel® K100M fit well in the Higuchi model as indicated by their R2 values (>0.98). Among all the formulation factors studied, polymer type displayed the highest and statistically significant effect on compressibility index, tablet hardness, and dissolution rate. Statistical design helped in better understanding the effect of formulation factors on tablet characteristics important for designing formulations with desired characteristics.
Price Comparison, Price Competition, And The Effects Of ShopBots

Two ShopBots were used to determine high-to-low price dispersion for identical models of 25 consumer durables, in 2007 and again in 2011, revealing substantial but declining price dispersion ratios. A survey of 1,135 American online shoppers revealed their dependence on ShopBots and frequency of other online shopping actions. Typical respondent reported they "very often" used search sites to locate what they wanted. Nearly 30 percent used the most often named price comparison site, Yahoo! Shopping, in the past year, suggesting substantial potential for future price rationalization. Several customer relationship management tools online merchants might use to avoid the resulting direct price competition are discussed. Finally, the impact of m-commerce, tablets, and apps on online price comparison behavior is explored.
Value-Orientation Analysis: The Adaptation of an Anthropological Model for Counseling Research

This article proposes the adaptation of Florence Kluckhohn's theory of Variation in Value Orientations for use in counseling research. The author summarizes Kluckhohn's theory and presents guidelines for its adaptation.
Mice deficient in MCT8 reveal a mechanism regulating thyroid hormone secretion.

The mechanism of thyroid hormone (TH) secretion from the thyroid gland into blood is unknown. Humans and mice deficient in monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) have low serum thyroxine (T 4 ) levels that cannot be fully explained by increased deiodination. Here, we have shown that Mct8 is localized at the basolateral membrane of thyrocytes and that the serum TH concentration is reduced in Mct8-KO mice early after being taken off a treatment that almost completely depleted the thyroid gland of TH. Thyroid glands in Mct8-KO mice contained more non-thyroglobulin-associated T 4 and triiodothyronine than did those in wild-type mice, independent of deiodination. In addition, depletion of thyroidal TH content was slower during iodine deficiency. After administration of 125 I, the rate of both its secretion from the thyroid gland and its appearance in the serum as trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity was greatly reduced in Mct8-KO mice. Similarly, the secretion of T 4 induced by injection of thyrotropin was reduced in Mct8-KO in which endogenous TSH and T 4 were suppressed by administration of triiodothyronine. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that Mct8 is involved in the secretion ofTH from the thyroid gland and contributes, in part, to the low serum T 4 level observed in MCT8-deficient patients.
T-cell receptor Vβ gene utilization in primary biliary cirrhosis

Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to study the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain variable (Vbeta) region gene families expressed by T cells in 28 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 20 normal controls, and 9 patients with other chronic inflammatory hepatic diseases. We hypothesized that activation and clonal proliferation of T cells would lead to biases in the T-cell repertoire of patients with PBC. Freshly harvested T cells from both peripheral blood and liver tissue were examined for evidence of biased Vbeta utilization. Individuals varied considerably in their pattern of Vbeta expression, but several significant differences were noted in the PBC group. In peripheral blood, the mean level of Vbeta6.1,3 expression was greater in PBC patients than in normal controls. In the liver of PBC patients, the mean level of Vbeta6.1,3 expression was even higher than in the peripheral blood, indicating intrahepatic accumulation of these T cells. The mean level of Vbeta6.1,3 expression was not significantly different in the blood compared with liver in patients with other liver diseases. Expression of Vbeta7 and Vbeta13.1 was also significantly greater in the liver than in the blood of PBC patients, but similar trends were also seen in the control liver group. These data show that specific alterations in the TCR repertoire are present in the blood and liver of patients with PBC.
Unpacking the Temporary Nature of Competitive Advantage

There is growing evidence within the strategy field that firms’ competitive advantage is becoming increasingly transient and that we are in an age of temporary competitive advantage. In this study,...
Sample size calculations for clustered binary data.

In this paper we propose a sample size calculation method for testing on a binomial proportion when binary observations are dependent within clusters. In estimating the binomial proportion in clustered binary data, two weighting systems have been popular: equal weights to clusters and equal weights to units within clusters. When the number of units varies cluster by cluster, performance of these two weighting systems depends on the extent of correlation among units within each cluster. In addition to them, we will also use an optimal weighting method that minimizes the variance of the estimator. A sample size formula is derived for each of the estimators with different weighting schemes. We apply these methods to the sample size calculation for the sensitivity of a periodontal diagnostic test. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate a finite sample performance of the three estimators. We also assess the influence of misspecified input parameter values on the calculated sample size. The optimal estimator requires equal or smaller sample sizes and is more robust to the misspecification of an input parameter than those assigning equal weights to units or clusters.
Effectively Reducing Flash Sterilization in a Rural Community Hospital Surgical Suite

ISSUE: Patients are the main stakeholders in surgical equipment reprocessing, and critical item sterilization is paramount in the reduction of surgical site infections. Flashing is amodification of conventional sterilization which is not recommended. A retrospective analysis of flash sterilization records for calendar year 2011 identified a flash rate of forty-five percent. A joint Infection Prevention (IP) and Sterile Processing Department (SPD) initiative was launched to reduce the total Number of flashed items. PROJECT: A PDSA design was implemented to evaluate the sterilization process. Daily flashed item documentation listed reasons for immediate release reprocessing and were entered into a database monthly. The IP and SPD analyzed for themes. Analysis of pre-established quality indicators identified three areas of concern; timing of vendor-provided loaner trays, low volumes of frequently used one-of-a-kind instruments and contamination. Safe reprocessing education and potential risks were provided to perioperative personnel. A policy for loaner instruments was revised to include delivery of instruments twenty-four hours prior to scheduled cases. Innovative scheduling practices were implemented. RESULTS: Based on data, leadership provided the means to purchase additional instruments and rigid containers to decrease flash sterilization frequency and to prevent surgical time delays. Flash sterilization usage decreased dramatically with the implementation of these practice alterations. Annual datawere compared using a Fisher’s Exact Test. The 2012 rate for flashed items was (544/ 5394*100) 10.1. The rate of flashed items for the first elevenmonths of 2013 (393/4422*100) is 8.9. The two-tailed p 1⁄4 0.000872. The association is considered extremely statistically significant. LESSON LEARNED: With teamwork and leadership support, SPD and IP made a significant impact on the volume of flashed items for immediate release. This impacts patient safety and complies with the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goals for Infection Prevention.
A Modeling Method for Time Series in Complex Industrial System

The data of complex industrial system were usually arrayed in the form of time series. This paper put forward the Multivariate Time-delayed Principal Component Regression (MTPCR) method, which utilized the historical time series in the production process so as to establish a systematic prediction model. This method can calculate the delayed time of each input and output tunnel by which the modeling data were selected. The model established can predict the production outcome and product quality accurately in accordance with real-time input. With the aid of Simulink data and Matlab arithmetic, this paper concludes that MTPCR method possesses higher precision compared with other method.
Dhahran Roads (B)

This case complements the A case (UVA-QA-0296) by providing the decision maker's view on the key sources of risk and his probability assessment of the uncertainties that give rise to them. The case can be used as an introduction to simulation modeling.
The identity of the fossil Psilocephala tarsalis (Statz, 1940) (Diptera: Asiloidea)

Fossils are crucial to our understanding of the evolution of organisms. They provide minimum dates for the occurrence of taxa, show past distribution patterns, and are important for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses. The value of a fossil depends to an important degree on the accuracy of its classification. Unfortunately, fossils are difficult to correctly classify, as they display only a small percentage of characters which are discernable in living organisms. Continuing advance in systematic knowledge, leading to increasingly complex classifications, create an ongoing need for a reevaluation of previously described fossils
Study of Failure Envelope of Soils

The extension of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to the case of three-dimensional stress was studied by triaxial tests on hollow cylindrical specimens with pore-water pressure measurements. The results on clay agree well with the Mohr-Coulomb envelope expressed in terms of the Hvorslev strength parameters and indicate that the strength is independent of the intermediate principal stress. The strength of sand is dependent on the intermediate principal stress. When it is different from the major or minor principal stresses, the value of ∖a/ is higher than that measured in triaxial compression or extension tests. The stresses in the hollow cylinder at failure were analyzed by the theory of plasticity.
Abstract 564: Differential Expression and Regulation of Angiotensinogen in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells From S1, S2 and S3 Segments

In angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension, intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) augmentation induced by Ang II and associated pathogenic factors including interleukin 6 (IL-6) cause further elevation of intratubular Ang II production, leading to the progression of hypertension and kidney injury. Recent studies have suggested that renal proximal straight tubules (S3 segment) are the main source of intrarenal AGT and that S1 and S2 segments do not express AGT mRNA under normal conditions. However, AGT expression and its regulation by Ang II and/or IL-6 in each proximal tubule segment have not been demonstrated an in vitro setting. The availability of specific cell lines derived from mouse S1, S2 and S3 segments provided an opportunity to decisively determine each segments’ capability to express AGT and respond to stimuli. Thus, this study was performed to determine AGT expression and its response to stimulation with Ang II and IL-6 in S1, S2 and S3 cell line. Basal AGT mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Basal levels of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and STAT3, which is a transcription factor in IL-6 signaling pathway, were also measured. In addition, the cells were incubated with 100 nM Ang II and/or 400 nM IL-6 for 24 h. Basal AGT levels in S1 and S3 cells were lower than in mouse whole kidney (0.09-fold and 0.33-fold compared with mouse whole kidney). S2 cells exhibited the highest basal AGT levels (4.15-fold) among these cells. In S1 cells, AGT expression was stimulated by IL-6 (1.89 ± 0.32, ratio to control) and co-stimulation with Ang II and IL-6 (1.85 ± 0.28) although Ang II alone did not alter AGT levels. In S2 cells, only the co-stimulation increased AGT expression (1.35 ± 0.01). No changes were observed by similar treatments in S3 cells. Basal AT1R levels were lower in S3 than in S1 and S2 cells (0.97 ± 0.09 in S2, 0.32 ± 0.07 in S3, ratio to S1). S1 cells showed the highest basal levels of STAT3. Basal STAT3 levels in S3 cells were lower than that in S1 and S2 cells. These results indicate that S2 cells are main source of intrarenal AGT which can be augmented by Ang II and IL-6 during the development of Ang II-dependent hypertension. Furthermore, low basal levels of AT1R and STAT3 in S3 cells explain why these cells do not respond to Ang II and IL-6.
The Copy Process

There’s more than one way to copy. The process of copying can be laborious or easy, expensive or cheap, educative or unenriching. But the two intellectual property regimes that make copying an element of liability, copyright and trade secrecy, approach these distinctions differently. Copyright conflates them. Infringement doctrine considers all copying processes equally suspect, asking only whether the resulting product is substantially similar to the protected work. By contrast, trade secrecy asks not only whether but also how the defendant copied. It limits liability to those who appropriate information through means that the law deems improper. This Article argues that copyright doctrine should borrow a page from trade secrecy by factoring the defendant’s copying process into the infringement analysis. To a wide range of actors within the copyright ecosystem, differences in process matter. Innovators face less risk from competitors if imitation is costly than if it is cheap. Consumers may value a work remade from scratch more than they do a digital reproduction. Beginners can learn more technical skills from deliberately tracing an expert’s creative steps than from simply clicking cut and paste. The consequences of copying, in short, often depend on how the copies are made.Fortunately, getting courts to consider process in copyright cases may not be as far-fetched as the doctrine suggests. Black-letter law notwithstanding, courts sometimes subtly invoke the defendant’s process when ostensibly assessing the propriety of the defendant’s product. While these decisions are on the right track, it’s time to bring process out into the open. Copyright doctrine could be both more descriptively transparent and more normatively attractive by expressly looking beyond the face of a copy and asking how it got there.
Effect of Ethyl Alcohol upon Splanchnic Hemodynamics

SummaryHepatic blood flow was measured in adult mongrel dogs by the brom-sulphalein method before, during and following constant infusion of 500 mg/kg ethyl alcohol. The blood alcohol concentration increased linearly to a maximum of 84.6 mg % and decreased linearly during the post-infusion period. An insignificant decrease in alcohol metabolism was observed with elevated blood ethanol levels. Extraction of BSP was decreased by alcohol administration. The respiratory quotient increased in response to elevated carbon dioxide production. Total body heat production increased during the infusion period. Ethyl alcohol did not alter hepatic blood flow significantly, but metabolic studies indicated hepatic oxidative depression.