cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Uneasy Justification for Special Treatment of Like-Kind Exchanges

This article considered the traditional justifications for nonrecognition treatment for like-kind exchanges, as provided in section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, and found them wanting. The article nevertheless concluded that, even though the justifications are imperfect, section 1031 has some plausibility to it, at least as applied to traditional, simultaneous exchanges.
Longitudinal PET scanner stability: SNMMI Clinical Trials Network experience

2156 Objectives PET scanner stability over an extended time is crucial for accurate quantitation to monitor the status of disease and measure the effectiveness of oncologic therapy outcomes in multi-center trials and in clinical practice. This study was undertaken to compare methods of longitudinal stability measurement in a controlled environment and to evaluate scanner stability in a large number of scanners in the SNMMI Clinical Trials Network (CTN) of 231 scanners world-wide. Methods In one lab a controlled comparison was made of a fixed Ge-68 source for scanner constancy versus a precision fillable PET oncology simulator (CNT) phantom. CTN phantoms use SUVave values of 1.0 that are +-3% accurate and were used world-wide to validate 231 PET/CT scanners. Repeat validations on 83 scanners were used to track scanner stability when the same imaging and reconstruction parameters were used. Results The control lab Ge-68 daily measurements over a three year period on a time-of-flight scanner demonstrated a mean normalized SUV of 0.9901 +- 0.0135. The control lab BGO scanner had a normalized mean SUV of 1.0031 +- 0.0135. The CTN phantom gave an SUV of 0.9951 +- 0.0330. 83 scanners that used the same imaging parameters with the CTN phantom re-validations, were used for the second longitudinal study. The mean time between studies was 351 days, range 181 to 1,605 days. The SUVave at time 1 was 0.99 +- 0.06 and at time 2 was 1.01 +- 0.05. There were 10 scanners with no change in SUVave, while 43 scanners decreased in SUVave and 30 scanners increased in SUVave. The overall average change was -1.77% +- 7.24 and range of percent change was -21.01% to 14.29%. Conclusions Frequent monitoring of SUV is warranted to ensure reliable and reproducible clinical and research quantitative performance. A Ge-68 sealed source or the fillable CTN phantom provide sensitive methods to monitor PET scanner stability. PET scanner stability may be highly dependent on accurate calibrations. CTN phantoms used periodically provide an acceptable technique for measuring and ensuring longitudinal scanner stability.
Everything Sings: Maps for a Narrative Atlas

Denis Wood. With Introduction by Ira Glass, interview by Blake Butler, and essays by Albert Mobilio and Ander Monson. Los Angeles, CA: Siglio, 2013. 2nd ed. 152 pp., maps, photos, diagrams, appendi...
Mineral Distribution in Some Nerve Cells and Fibers.

It is known from examination of many types of tissue that Mg and Ca, as revealed by the electron microscope, is located in areas which show white ash following microincineration. In nerve tissue certain difficulties have hampered a direct study of Ca and Mg by means of the electron microscope. Some of the findings in incinerated sections of frog sciatic and sympathetic ganglia are believed to be of significance although we have not been able to identify the salts as clearly as is desirable.When sections of frozen and dehydrated (Scott and Packer1) frog sciatic are carefully incinerated and examined by dark field (Scott2) the large myelinated fibers at the periphery of the nerve leave residues of white ash probably consisting largely of Ca and Mg. The ash is clearly the remains of the myelin sheath as it corresponds almost exactly with stained preparations of the same nerve taken a few levels either above or below. The point to emphasize, however, is that there is no visible residue of any sort in the tiss...
67 – The Relationship Between Beer Consumption and Lung Cancer

The study of beer consumption and the risk of lung cancer is complicated by the fact that beer drinkers have increased rates of cigarette smoking. Nonetheless, roughly one-half of all the retrospective case control and prospective cohort studies performed, in which the confounding effects of cigarette smoking have been carefully adjusted for, demonstrate a significant increase in the risk of the development of lung cancer among beer drinkers compared to non-drinkers. The increased risk is relatively moderate, odds ratio/relative risks between 1.3 and 2. The increased risk of lung cancer is most often limited to the heaviest beer consumers. Similar increases in lung cancer risk are demonstrated for consumers of hard liquor (whiskey, vodka, “spirits”). Moderate consumption of red wine clearly decreases the risk of lung cancer. Alcohol consumption is associated with worse outcomes among patients with established lung cancer. Data regarding lung cancer treatment outcomes and specific beer consumption are not available. Heavy alcohol consumption leads to more postoperative complications, primarily respiratory and infectious, among patients undergoing resection for early stage lung cancer. Further, heavy alcohol consumption correlates with less response to chemotherapy and worse survival in patients treated for advanced lung cancer. There are a number of molecular mechanisms that account for the increased risk of lung cancer among alcohol and beer consumers and the poor outcomes among alcohol consumers with lung cancer.
Self-adaptive cycle-to-cycle control of in-line coagulant dosing in ultrafiltration for pre-treatment of reverse osmosis feed water

Abstract Real-time self-adaptive approach to in-line UF coagulant dosing was developed and field demonstrated for integrated UF-RO seawater desalination. A novel coagulant dose controller was designed and successfully implemented in a pilot UF-RO seawater desalination plant. The coagulant controller, which tracks the UF resistance during filtration and backwash, adjusts coagulant dose to the UF feed with the objective of reducing the incremental cycle-to-cycle UF post-backwash (PB) resistance change (i.e., Δn). Real-time tracking the above UF resistance metrics, as well as the rate of change of Δn with coagulant dose, enabled the controller to quantify the progression of both irreversible fouling and UF backwash effectiveness. The above information was then utilized by the controller to make the appropriate coagulant adjustment. Field tests of the proposed self-adaptive coagulant dosing approach demonstrated measurable coagulant dose reduction while maintaining robust UF operation even during periods of both mild and severe water quality degradation. The approach to real-time coagulant dose control developed in the present work should be suitable for both seawater and brackish water UF treatment and has the potential of providing both effective UF operation as well as reduction in coagulant use.
Efficacy of gaseous ozone to counteract postharvest table grape sour rot.

Abstract This work aims at studying the efficacy of low doses of gaseous ozone in postharvest control of the table grape sour rot, a disease generally attributed to a consortium of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NSY) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB). Sour rot incidence of wounded berries, inoculated with 8 NSYstrains, or 7 AAB, or 56 yeast-bacterium associations, was monitored at 25 °C up to six days. Sour rot incidence in wounded berries inoculated with yeast-bacterium associations resulted higher than in berries inoculated with one single NSY or AAB strain. Among all NSY-AAB associations, the yeast-bacterium association composed of Candida zemplinina CBS 9494 (Cz) and Acetobacter syzygii LMG 21419 (As) showed the highest prevalence of sour rot; thus, after preliminary in vitro assays, this simplified As-Cz microbial consortium was inoculated in wounded berries that were stored at 4 °C for ten days under ozone (2.14 mg m−3) or in air. At the end of cold storage, no berries showed sour-rot symptoms although ozonation mainly affected As viable cell count. After additional 12 days at 25 °C, the sour rot index of inoculated As-Cz berries previously cold-stored under ozone or in air accounted for 22.6 ± 3.7% and 66.7 ± 4.5%, respectively. Molecular analyses of dominant AAB and NSY populations of both sound and rotten berries during post-refrigeration period revealed the appearance of new strains mainly belonging to Gluconobacter albidus and Hanseniaspora uvarum species, respectively. Cold ozonation resulted an effective approach to extend the shelf-life of table grapes also after cold storage.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Azides via Asymmetric Dihydroxylation

The catalytic enantioselective preparation of densely functionalized amines is a fundamental synthetic challenge. To address this challenge, we report for the first time that the Winstein rearrangement can be enlisted as the racemization pathway in a dynamic kinetic resolution of allylic azides. Alkene functionalization by Sharpless dihydroxylation affords tertiary azides in excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99:1 er). This approach establishes the chirality of the tertiary azide, obviates the need to directly forge either a congested C–N or C–C bond at the new nitrogenous stereocenter, and establishes additional functionality. Several examples demonstrate further elaboration of this functionality.
Prospective Study of the Impact of Liver Biopsy Core Size on Specimen Adequacy and Procedural Complications

OBJECTIVE. An American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) consensus document stressed the importance of obtaining sufficient liver biopsy specimens to minimize sampling errors. Man...
Public expenditure management in asian countries(1)

Expenditure management practices in Asia shows that these vary from the ]still-in-transition’ China, to the colonial concerns of compliance in the South Asian countries, to more advanced experiments in Singapore. Budgetary practices in many of these countries are characterized by incremental and bottom-up budgets, across-the-board cuts in times of fiscal stress, and little or no analysis of costs and outputs. At the same time, resource allocation as a percentage of GDP and accrual accounting are being tried in some other countries. The paper suggests that the institutional changes now underway in these countries and the imperative need to control expenditure could bring meaningful changes.
Gaussian mixture model for crowdsensing incentivization

Participatory Sensing (PS) is a novel technology that involves people in the process of gathering sensing data (i.e. local temperature, pollution levels, etc.), most of the time the sensing process is carried out using embedded sensors in smartphones which implies an active participation of the users. However, even though, there has been a lot research in areas such as: new applications of PS, studies of PS energy consumption, etc., there have been very few works that tackle the problem of incentive the participation of the users in order to keep a minimum number of participant that guarantee quality of the service and none of them that address both reliable sensing and good coverage. In this project, we address the problem of user participation incentive in participatory sensing scheme under constraints of budget and coverage by the use of combination of techniques such as Game theory, unsupervised learning, and multi-objective optimization.
Claiming Kapwa: Filipino Immigrants, Community-Based Organizations, and Community Citizenship in San Francisco

Filipino immigrants and Filipino-serving community-based organizations (CBOs) in San Francisco work to meet community members’ immediate needs. At the same time, it activates political participatio...
Improving reliability for real-time systems through dynamic recovery

Technology scaling has increased concerns about transient faults due to soft errors and permanent faults due to lifetime wear processes. Although researchers have investigated related problems, they have either considered only one of the two reliability concerns or presented simple recovery allocation algorithms that cannot effectively use available time slack to improve soft-error reliability. This paper introduces a framework for improving soft-error reliability while satisfying lifetime reliability and real-time constraints. We present a dynamic recovery allocation technique that guarantees to recover any failed task if the remaining slack is adequate. Based on this technique, we propose two scheduling algorithms for task sets with different characteristics to improve system-level soft-error reliability. Lifetime reliability requirements are satisfied by reducing core frequencies for appropriate tasks, thereby reducing wear due to temperature and thermal cycling. Simulation results show that the proposed framework reduces the probability of failure by at least 8% and 73% on average compared to existing approaches.
Recent advances in managing/understanding meningioma

Meningiomas are the most common adult primary intracranial tumor. Despite their higher incidence, there have not—until recently—been as many advances in understanding and managing meningiomas. Thus far, two broad classes of meningiomas have emerged on the basis of their mutational profile: those driven by neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) inactivation and those with non-NF2 driver gene alterations, such as mammalian target of rapamycin and Hedgehog, Wingless/b-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-b receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phospholipase C pathway alterations. In addition to improvements in molecular diagnostics, advances in imaging are being studied to better predict tumor behavior, stratify risk, and potentially monitor for disease response. Management consists primarily of surgery and radiation therapy and there has been limited success from medical therapies, although novel targeted agents are now in clinical trials. Advances in imaging and understanding of the genetic makeup of meningiomas demonstrate the huge potential in revolutionizing the classification, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of meningiomas..
BuzzFace: A News Veracity Dataset with Facebook User Commentary and Egos

Veracity assessment of news and social bot detection have become two of the most pressing issues for social media platforms, yet current gold-standard data are limited. This paper presents a leap forward in the development of a sizeable and feature rich gold-standard dataset. The dataset was built by using a collection of news items posted to Facebook by nine news outlets during September 2016, which were annotated for veracity by BuzzFeed. These articles were refined beyond binary annotation to the four categories: mostly true, mostly false, mixture of true and false, and no factual content. Our contribution integrates data on Facebook comments and reactions publicly available on the platform’s Graph API, and provides tailored tools for accessing news article web content. The features of the accessed articles include body text, images, links, Facebook plugin comments, Disqus plugin comments, and embedded tweets. Embedded tweets provide a potent possible avenue for expansion across social media platforms. Upon development, this utility yielded over 1.6 million text items, making it over 400 times larger than the current gold-standard. The resulting dataset—BuzzFace—is presently the most extensive created, and allows for more robust machine learning applications to news veracity assessment and social bot detection than ever before.
How to catch the story but not fall down: reading our way to more culturally appropriate care.

The Columbia University Community Pediatrics Program incorporates cultural competency training into its curricula by requiring residents to participate in community service programs. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Evidence-Based Clinical Criteria for Computed Tomography Imaging in Odontogenic Infections.

Purpose Odontogenic infections are a common problem in emergency departments and impose a burden on hospital budgets and provider time. Compounding this is the lack of evidence guiding the patient's initial evaluation. The purpose of this study was to derive evidence-based guidelines for the use of computed tomographic (CT) imaging in the management of odontogenic infections. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study was designed. Patients with an odontogenic infection presenting to the emergency department from November 1, 2016 to November 30, 2017 were eligible for inclusion. The outcome variable was need for CT imaging, which was based on the location of the abscess. The potential predictor variables were demographics, history items, examination findings, and laboratory values. The association between the outcome and predictor variables was determined using classification and regression tree analysis and standard logistic regression analysis. Results There were 129 patients who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participation. The patients were 53.5% men and the mean age was 42.5 years. The most common fascial spaces involved were vestibular (58.2%), submandibular (18.6%), pterygomandibular (6.2%), buccal (5.4%), and lateral pharyngeal (5.4%). The classification and regression tree analysis identified mandibular inferior border blunting at the body as the best predictor for necessitating a CT scan and identified a mouth opening smaller than 25 mm as the second best predictor. These 2 predictors had an accuracy of 96.9% for needing a CT scan. The logistic regression analysis identified these 2 variables and odynophagia, floor of mouth induration, and white blood cell count as relevant predictors for needing CT imaging. Conclusion The 2 physical examination findings of mandibular inferior border blunting at the body and restricted mouth opening were found to be strongly associated with the need for CT imaging. Further studies should be directed at validating these criteria in larger multicenter studies.
Using Expressive Arts in Online Education to Identify Feelings

The authors of this article present two creative teaching activities to illustrate how online counselor education can use expressive arts to promote awareness of how one feels. Included is ...
Warpage Modeling and Characterization of the Cure-dependent Chemical Shrinkage and Viscoelastic Relaxation for Cured Molding Process

Warpage has always been an important issue in electronic packaging, especially for fan-out and flip-chip chip scale packages (fcCSP). The molded underfill for encapsulation plays a key role in warpage control. It is critical to establish a fundamental understanding of the properties of cure-induced shrinkage and viscoelasticity, and the effects of pressure, temperature, volume variation, and degree of cure on package warpage.In this study, the cure-dependent shrinkage and cure-dependent viscoelasticity of a molded underfill are carefully characterized during in-molding and post molding cure (PMC) thermal processes. A plunger dilatometer is used for shrinkage characterization, and the volume change is described by pressure, volume change, temperature, and degree of cure relations. In addition, the cure-dependent properties are characterized by other two techniques, including cure kinetics by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the volume change after the gel point is the dominant factor for package warpage. The package warpage evolution was modeled by finite element analysis. Our predictive models are not only in good agreement with the experimental thermal shadow moire result, but also effectively evaluate the effect for shrinkage and CTE/modulus. The results indicate that warpage at high temperature is highly sensitive to the CTE/Modulus of MUF.
Proceedings of the 10th ACM international workshop on Foundations of mobile computing

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 ACM International Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Computing -- FOMC '14. This year marks the 10th occurrence of FOMC. The mission of FOMC is to bring together practitioners and theoreticians in order to foster both fundamental research in mobile computing and design of practical algorithms. We particularly encourage attendees to attend the two keynote presentations: Learning and Coordination in Networks, Ali Jadbabaie (University of Pennsylvania) Asymptotic Analysis of Randomized Backoff, Michael Bender (Stony Brook University)
Does a social self‐perceptual bias mask internalizing symptoms in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with additional psychiatric conditions. Comorbidity is associated with poorer long-term outcomes, highlighting the need for effective assessment and intervention. However, self-perceptual biases may mask the presence of symptoms for a subgroup of children with ADHD. This study examined the role of social self-perceptual biases in children with ADHD versus control children on self-reports of loneliness, and depressive and anxious symptoms. METHODS The research question was examined in two samples. Sample 1 consisted of 7.7-12.8-year-old boys with ADHD (n = 199) and control boys (n = 74); Sample 2 consisted of 7.7-11.4-year-old boys and girls with ADHD (n = 178) and control children (n = 86). Across samples, children reported social competence and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Child-reported loneliness was examined in Sample 1. A social competence discrepancy score (difference between self-report and teacher-report) was used as an indicator of social self-perceptual bias. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analyses tested social self-perceptual bias as a suppressor variable. The magnitude of the associations between ADHD and self-reported feelings of depression, anxiety and loneliness was greater when social self-perceptual bias was included in models as compared to models that did not include social self-perceptual bias (ΔR2 s range = 0.04-0.19). CONCLUSIONS Findings across both samples suggest that social self-perceptual biases may mask internalizing symptom severity on self-reports for individuals who overestimate their social competence. More research is needed to determine the best approach to assessing internalizing problems among children with ADHD.
Range of Motion Changes in Female Elite Swimmers Throughout a Competitive Season

Upper extremity injuries are the most common injury in swimming athletes specifically in the collegiate setting. Females in particular, are more likely to suffer these injuries when comparing to male collegiate swimmers. “Swimmer Shoulder”, a generic term for overuse shoulder injuries in the swimming population occurs with high rate and intensity of training. Significant factors that have been found to contribute to this pathology are deficits in internal rotation, lack of stability, and increased demands on the shoulder. The aim for this clinical outcomes project was to evaluate changes in range of motion (ROM) total arc of the shoulder, and patient-perceived function in female elite swimmers throughout a competitive season. Shoulder total arc ROM was measured passively with the student-athlete supine. A digital inclinometer was used to make it simpler for the clinician to assess ROM on their own. The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC) was used to measure self-perceived upper extremity function in sport. It consisted of a set of demographic and participation questions followed by 10 visual analogue scale questions about upper extremity function during sport. Upper extremity stability was also measured using the closed-kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUE). Results showed shoulder ROM (total arc) restrictions occurred during times of increased training intensity and volume. When patients had smaller total arc measurements, the student-athletes reported lower KJOC scores for sport related function. There was an increase in ROM at a time where intensity, and distance of training were decreased. Overall upper extremity stability gradually improved over the course of a competitive season.
An amphipathic helix enables septins to sense micrometer-scale membrane curvature

Cell shape is well described by membrane curvature. Septins are filament-forming, GTP-binding proteins that assemble on positive, micrometer-scale curvatures. Here, we examine the molecular basis of curvature sensing by septins. We show that differences in affinity and the number of binding sites drive curvature-specific adsorption of septins. Moreover, we find septin assembly onto curved membranes is cooperative and show that geometry influences higher-order arrangement of septin filaments. Although septins must form polymers to stay associated with membranes, septin filaments do not have to span micrometers in length to sense curvature, as we find that single-septin complexes have curvature-dependent association rates. We trace this ability to an amphipathic helix (AH) located on the C-terminus of Cdc12. The AH domain is necessary and sufficient for curvature sensing both in vitro and in vivo. These data show that curvature sensing by septins operates at much smaller length scales than the micrometer curvatures being detected.
Applying Utilization Management Principles to a Comprehensive Service System for Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Their Families: A Feasibility Study

The Comprehensive Services Act for At Risk Youth and Families of Virginia (CSA), is a service, funding, and organizational reform initiative designed to improve the provision of child centered and family focused services within a community setting. We conducted this study in order to assess the feasibility of applying utilization management principles to the CSA in order to improve the appropriateness, quality, and cost effectiveness of this service delivery system. Data were gathered through focus groups, surveys, clinical profiling, and analysis of costs, and service utilization. While overall program costs increased since inception of the program, the costs per child served rose less than the rate of inflation. CSA appeared to be serving children with a high degree of emotional and behavioral difficulties. There was considerable variation among localities in placement patterns. A majority of survey and focus group respondents were willing to consider the application of utilization management principles to the CSA as long as decision making remained within localities. We concluded that there is a constructive role for utilization management approaches to improve the appropriateness and quality of services as well as enhancing efficiency in child mental health.
Transformation Optics and Related Techniques for GRIN Lens Design

Gradient-index (GRIN) optics has seen a renewed interest due in large part to the development of Transformation Optics (TO). TO enables the electromagnetic behavior of simple and conventional structures to be replicated by arbitrary geometries. Variations on traditional TO, such as quasiconformal Transformation Optics (qTO), have been developed to enable coordinate mappings to be realized with all-dielectric materials allowing for the method to be readily applied in practical GRIN lens design. However, a number of challenges arise when considering transforming traditional optical elements including replicating multi-frequency behavior and the realization of multi-element transformations. To this end, an alternative transformation procedure based on a wavefront matching (WFM) method has successfully been applied to a number of lens transformations in the optical regime. Finally, by having a suite of electromagnetic transformation procedures available, engineers are able to tackle a wide range of RF and optical problems that require or can benefit from electromagnetic wavefront manipulation.
Topographic functional interactions between caudate and cortex are organized by network and degrade with age

The striatum is postulated to play a role in gating cortical processing during goal-oriented behavior. However, the underlying circuit structure for striatal gating remains unclear. Deviating from previous approaches which typically treat the striatum as a homogenous structure or small compartments, we took a functional connectivity approach that utilizes the entire anatomical space of the caudate nucleus and examined its functional relationship with the cortex and how that relationship changes with age. We defined the topography of the caudate functional connectivity with the rest of the brain using three publicly available resting-state fMRI data samples. There were several key findings. First, our results revealed two stable gradients of connectivity patterns across the caudate: medial-lateral (M-L) and anterior-posterior (A-P) axes, which supports findings in previous anatomical studies of non-human primates that there is more than one organizational principle. Second, the differential connectivity patterns along the caudate9s M-L gradient were not limited to single structures but rather organized with respect to large-scale neural networks; in particular, networks associated with internal orienting behavior are closely linked to the medial extent of the caudate whereas networks associated with external orienting behavior are closely linked to the lateral extent of the caudate. Third, we found a decrease in the integrity of M-L organization with healthy aging which was associated with age-related changes in behavioral measures of flexible control. In sum, the caudate shows a topographic organization with respect to large-scale networks in the human brain and changes this organization seem to have implications for age-related decline in flexible control of behavior.
Micellar and sub-micellar liquid chromatography of terephthalic acid contaminants using a C18 column coated with Tween 20.

Abstract The tremendous amounts of terephthalic acid (TPA) produced globally require consistent monitoring of its contaminants during the different stages of production for quality control purposes. In this paper, a simple, robust and green liquid chromatography method has been developed using an isocratic 100% aqueous mobile phase at pH 2 (dilute sulfuric acid) to separate TPA contaminants (mono-, di-, and tri-carboxylic aromatic acids) on a C18 stationary phase coated with Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monolaurate). After optimization of all chromatographic conditions, near baseline separation of the nine carboxylic acids under investigation was achieved with a 2.5 mL/min flow rate on a 5 micron C18 silica column (100 x 4.6 mm) in under 20 min. The modified stationary phase showed an excellent capability to separate structural isomers in a reasonable time, markedly better that the bare C18 stationary phase. Plots of ln retention factor versus 1/temperature showed the expected linear relationship for the di- and tri-carboxylic aromatic acids (single retention mechanism likely) but a quadratic fit for the mono-carboxylic aromatic acids (dual retention mechanism likely). Due to the stability of the surfactant modified stationary phase, future potential mass spectrometry compatibility was shown through the alternative use of trifluoroacetic acid in the 100% H2O (no Tween) mobile phase but still with UV detection. The developed method with 0.001% (vol/vol) Tween in the mobile phase was successfully used to analyze two different types of TPA industrial samples for all nine components plus revealing some other impurity peaks. The lowest limit of detection was 0.010 nmoles for o-phthalic acid and p-toluic acid (PTA), while the highest was 0.065 nmoles for 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA). The concentrations of these important contaminants, PTA and CBA, in the mother liquor sample were 3348 mg/L and 1806 mg/L, respectively, while their respective concentrations in the purified TPA powder were 135 mg/kg and 17.7 mg/kg.
Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy

This chapter discusses technical aspects of thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, including instrumentation and equipment, patient positioning, and surgical steps. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Physically Inspired Data Compression and Management for Industrial Data Analytics

With the huge and ever-growing volume of industrial data, an enormous challenge of how this data should be handled, stored, and analyzed emerges. In this paper, we describe a novel method that facilitates automated signal parsing into a set of exhaustive and mutually exclusive segments, which is coupled with extraction of physically interpretable signatures that characterize those segments. The resulting numerical signatures can be used to approximate a wide range of signals within some arbitrary accuracy, thus effectively turning the aforementioned signal parsing and signature extraction procedure into a signal compression process. This compression converts raw signals into physically plausible and interpretable features that can then be directly mined in order to extract useful information via anomaly detection and characterization, quality prediction, or process control. In addition, distance-based unsupervised clustering is utilized to organize the compressed data into a tree-structured database enabling rapid searches through the data and consequently facilitating efficient data mining. Application of the aforementioned methods to multiple large datasets of sensor readings collected from several advanced manufacturing plants showed the feasibility of physics-inspired compression of industrial data, as well as tremendous gains in terms of search speeds when compressed data were organized into a distance-based, tree-structured database.
More than words: Extra-Sylvian neuroanatomic networks support indirect speech act discourse comprehension in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

ABSTRACT Indirect speech acts— responding “I forgot to wear my watch today” to someone who asked for the time — are ubiquitous in daily conversation, but are understudied in current neurobiological models of language. To comprehend an indirect speech act like this one, listeners must not only decode the lexical-semantic content of the utterance, but also make a pragmatic, bridging inference. This inference allows listeners to derive the speaker’s true, intended meaning—in the above dialogue, for example, that the speaker cannot provide the time. In the present work, we address this major gap by asking non-aphasic patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n=21) and brain-damaged controls with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=17) to judge simple question-answer dialogues of the form: “Do you want some cake for dessert?” “I’m on a very strict diet right now”, and relate the results to structural and diffusion MRI. Accuracy and reaction time results demonstrate that subjects with bvFTD, but not MCI, are selectively impaired in indirect relative to direct speech act comprehension, due in part to their social and executive limitations, and performance is related to caregivers’ judgment of communication efficacy. MRI imaging associates the observed impairment in bvFTD to cortical thinning not only in traditional language-associated regions, but also in fronto-parietal regions implicated in social and executive cerebral networks. Finally, diffusion tensor imaging analyses implicate white matter tracts in both dorsal and ventral projection streams, including superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal aslant, and uncinate fasciculus. These results have strong implications for updated neurobiological models of language, and emphasize a core, language-mediated social disorder in patients with bvFTD.
“The Bane of a Music Librarian’s Existence”: Why and How Music Libraries Preserve Scores with Spiral and Comb Bindings

While popular with music publishers, spiral and comb bindings for music scores are problematic for music libraries for many reasons, especially long-term preservation. While recommendations exist f...
ICU Delirium-Prediction Models: A Systematic Review.

Objective Summarize performance and development of ICU delirium-prediction models published within the past 5 years. Data sources Systematic electronic searches were conducted in April 2019 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to identify peer-reviewed studies. Study selection Eligible studies were published in English during the past 5 years that specifically addressed the development, validation, or recalibration of delirium-prediction models in adult ICU populations. Data extraction Screened citations were extracted independently by three investigators with a 42% overlap to verify consistency using the CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies. Data synthesis Eighteen studies featuring 23 distinct prediction models were included. Model performance varied greatly, as assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.62-0.94), specificity (0.50-0.97), and sensitivity (0.45-0.96). Most models used data collected from a single time point or window to predict the occurrence of delirium at any point during hospital or ICU admission, and lacked mechanisms for providing pragmatic, actionable predictions to clinicians. Conclusions Although most ICU delirium-prediction models have relatively good performance, they have limited applicability to clinical practice. Most models were static, making predictions based on data collected at a single time-point, failing to account for fluctuating conditions during ICU admission. Further research is needed to create clinically relevant dynamic delirium-prediction models that can adapt to changes in individual patient physiology over time and deliver actionable predictions to clinicians.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin Disease, Treatment and Role for Lung Volume Reduction Surgery

Chronic obstructive pulmonary usually is subcategorized into 2 groups: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema is smoking; however, alpha1-antitrypsin also has been seen to cause emphysema in patients who are deficient. As symptoms and lung function decline, treatment modalities, such as lung volume reduction surgery, have been used in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and upper lobe predominant emphysema. This article analyzes multiple published series where lung volume reduction surgery has been used in individuals with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and their overall outcomes.
Androgen receptor expression in breast cancer: Implications on prognosis and treatment, a brief review.

Abstract Approximately 70%–85% of breast cancers express androgen receptors (ARs). The role of AR in breast cancer pathogenesis is currently in exploration. Both androgens and anti-androgens have demonstrated variable inhibitory and stimulatory effects in AR-positive breast cancer depending on estrogen receptor and HER2 co-expression. Androgen signaling pathways interact with other critical cellular pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and estrogen signaling pathways. Therapeutic exploitation of AR has been the crux of management of prostate cancer for decades. In recent years there has been increasing interest in AR as a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. There have been many early phase clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of various AR-targeted agents in breast cancer. Some of these studies have shown promising clinical benefits. Studies of biomarkers to identify the patients likely to benefit from AR-targeted therapies are currently in progress. Besides, AR expression may be an important prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer, which needs to be defined better in future studies.
Weight Status, Medication Use, and Recreational Activities of Treatment-Naïve Transgender Youth.

Background: Studies of transgender/gender diverse (TGD) youth indicate a high prevalence of overweight/obesity and concern for unhealthy weight management behavior. This study describes the associa...
Revisiting macronutrient regulation in the polyphagous herbivore Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): New insights via nutritional geometry

Abstract Insect herbivores that ingest protein and carbohydrates in physiologically-optimal proportions and concentrations show superior performance and fitness. The first-ever study of protein–carbohydrate regulation in an insect herbivore was performed using the polyphagous agricultural pest Helicoverpa zea. In that study, experimental final instar caterpillars were presented two diets – one containing protein but no carbohydrates, the other containing carbohydrates but no protein – and allowed to self-select their protein–carbohydrate intake. The results showed that H. zea selected a diet with a protein-to-carbohydrate (p:c) ratio of 4:1. At about this same time, the geometric framework (GF) for the study of nutrition was introduced. The GF is now established as the most rigorous means to study nutrient regulation (in any animal). It has been used to study protein–carbohydrate regulation in several lepidopteran species, which exhibit a range of self-selected p:c ratios between 0.8 and 1.5. Given the economic importance of H. zea, and it is extremely protein-biased p:c ratio of 4:1 relative to those reported for other lepidopterans, we decided to revisit its protein–carbohydrate regulation. Our results, using the experimental approach of the GF, show that H. zea larvae self-select a p:c ratio of 1.6:1. This p:c ratio strongly matches that of its close relative, Heliothis virescens, and is more consistent with self-selected p:c ratios reported for other lepidopterans. Having accurate protein and carbohydrate regulation information for an insect herbivore pest such as H. zea is valuable for two reasons. First, it can be used to better understand feeding patterns in the field, which might lead to enhanced management. Second, it will allow researchers to develop rearing diets that more accurately reflect larval nutritional needs, which has important implications for resistance bioassays and other measures of physiological stress.
Interaction of 4-methylbenzaldehyde with rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450 in the intact animal, microsomes, and purified systems. Destructive and protective reactions.

Abstract About 50 per cent of rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450 is destroyed by treatment of the intact animal, microsomes, or systems reconstituted from purified pulmonary mono-oxygenase components with 4-methylbenzaldehyde. The loss of the cytochrome is accompanied by an equimolar loss of heme. The action of 4-methylbenzaldehyde requires the presence of NADPH and O2 and appears to result from cytochrome P-450-catalyzed metabolism. Selective destruction of one of the known forms of rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450 does not account for the lack of complete destruction of pulmonary P-450 by 4-methylbenzaldehyde; loss of about 50 per cent of each form of the cytochrome occurs in vivo and in reconstituted systems. However, form II is affected to a greater extent than form I when microsomes are incubated with 4-methylbenzaldehyde. The portion of the cytochrome not degraded by 4-methylbenzaldehyde appears to be protected by some factor produced from 4-methylbenzaldehyde during the incubation. This factor also protects against complete destruction of the cytochrome by cumene hydroperoxide
Angiographic restudy of coronary artery bypass grafts simplified by a marker

This study was done to examine the benefit of utilizing a stainless steel circumferential aorta-saphenous vein anastomosis marker. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 87 patients following coronary artery bypass surgery. The exact aorta saphenous anastomotic site was quickly identified and successfully injected in 100% of the patients. During operation stainless steel circumferential markers were placed around the anastomotic site in 1,061 consecutive patients with 3,367 grafts. There was no early or late morbidity or complication from the circumferential markers.
Frequency Dependent Kinetics ofthe CW CO2 Laser InducedReaction of CF3CF2Cl

Kinetics of the decomposition of CF3CF2Cl at 50 torr by a cw CO2 laser have been studied over a range of laser frequencies extending 36 cm−1 below an absorption band center at 980 cm−1. At constant translational temperature, the change in the rate constant with laser frequency is a factor of 100, comparable to the effect previously observed in CF2ClCF2Cl. Arrhenius plots show an activation energy of 86.2 kcal/mole, independent of frequency.
Geography and the Determinants of Land Distribution: Evidence from the United States

While the adverse impacts of land inequality have often been documented, the origins of this inequality are less commonly discussed. One hypothesis, most recently associated with the work of Engerman and Sokoloff, holds that the type of crops available for production dictated the initial land distribution within economies. However, this hypothesis has not received careful empirical attention and the possibility that land distributions influence the type of crops produced makes causal inference difficult. This paper uses county level data from the 1860 Agricultural Census of the United States to identify the causal role of crop type on land distribution. Identification is obtained by using several county level geographic variables as instruments for the type of crops planted within a county. The results show that the percentage of output made up of cash crops (cotton, sugar, and tobacco) was highly significant in determining land inequality across U.S. counties in 1860. Geography, acting indirectly through its influence on crop type, had a significant impact on land inequality. This supports the general hypothesis that geography affects economic development indirectly through institutions. However, it provides a much more specific example of the role of geography in development than previously identified.
A Horrible Fascination: Segregation, Obscenity, & the Cultural Contingency of Rights

Building on current interest in the regulation of child pornography, this article goes back to the 1950s, recovering a lost history of how southern segregationists used the battle against obscenity to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. Itself focused on the psychological development of children, Brown sparked a discursive backlash in the South focused on claims that the races possessed different cultures and that white children would be harmed joined a larger, regional campaign, a constitutional guerilla war mounted by moderates and extremists alike that swept onto cultural, First Amendment terrain even as the frontal assault of massive resistance succumbed to federal might. A radical re-reading of prevailing understandings of southern resistance to Brown, this article posits that civil rights proved much more culturally contingent than scholars have so far recognized, reframing the manner in which we understand Brown, its progeny, and current constitutional debates over the relationship between rights and race.
Capturing the effect of crosstalk on delay

Crosstalk is generally recognized as a major problem in IC design. This paper presents a novel approach to the efficient measurement of the effect of crosstalk on the delay of a net using an algorithm whose worst-case complexity is polynomial-time in the number of nets. The cost of the algorithm is seen to be O(nlogn) in practice, where n is the number of nets, and it is amenable to being incorporated into the inner loop of a timing optimizer. To illustrate this, the method is applied to reduce the effects of crosstalk in channel routing, where it is seen to give an average improvement of 23% in the delay in a channel as compared to the worst case, as measured by SPICE.