cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A detection scheme for reactions of optical fiber sensors with the Internet standard protocol

This paper proposes a detection scheme for reactions of optical fiber sensors and shows experiments and results to identify sensor conditions with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) as the Internet standard protocol. Optical Sensory Nerve network (OSN) with optical fiber sensors has been developed in order to alleviate issues on wireless sensor networks about battery lifetime and data communication. Moreover, a method to gather sensed information with SNMP and a commercially available device has been devised; however, this method holds issues on limited performance. Thus, this paper demonstrates the detection scheme using original SNMP agent software and experiments utilizing two types of sensors (binary switch sensors & mat sensors). The SNMP agent software allows to increase the number of sensors which can be detected and installed in OSN.
SYNTHESIS OF A VISCOSITY REDUCER AND ITS MECHANISM ANALYSIS

The production and transportation of viscous crude are more difficult than normal crude oil because the high content of asphaltene and gum. A comb polymer-terpolymer ester is obtained by polymerizing styrene (S), methyl metharylate (MMA) and acrylamide (AM) then the produced terpolymer reacts with a higher alcohol (ester exchange). Results of evaluation on performance have showed that the comb polymer has good viscosity-reducing effect. The influence of synthetic conditions on the viscosity-reducing effect has been discussed and the mechanism of the viscosity reducer has been analyzed.
Limiting ventilator-associated lung injury in a preterm porcine neonatal model

Abstract Purpose Preterm infants are prone to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), with severe cases requiring mechanical ventilation for support. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding the optimal ventilation strategy. We hypothesized that airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) would mitigate lung injury in a preterm porcine neonatal model. Methods Preterm piglets were delivered on gestational day 98 (85% of 115day term), instrumented, and randomized to volume guarantee (VG; n=10) with low tidal volumes (5.5cm 3 kg −1 ) and PEEP 4cmH 2 O or APRV (n=10) with initial ventilator settings: P High 18cmH 2 O, P Low 0cmH 2 O, T High 1.30s, T Low 0.15s. Ventilator setting changes were made in response to clinical parameters in both groups. Animals were monitored continuously for 24hours. Results The mortality rates between the two groups were not significantly different ( p >0.05). The VG group had relatively increased oxygen requirements (F i O 2 50%±9%) compared with the APRV group (F i O 2 28%±5%; p >0.05) and a decrease in PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio (VG 162±33mmHg; APRV 251±45mmHg; p 2 O −1 ) was significantly less than the APRV group (0.90±0.06L·cmH 2 O −1 ; p Conclusion This study demonstrates that APRV improves oxygenation and compliance as compared with VG. This preliminary work suggests further study into the clinical uses of APRV in the neonate is warranted. Level of Evidence Not Applicable (Basic Science Animal Study)
Causes of underpressure in natural CO2 reservoirs and implications for geological storage

Geological carbon storage has the potential to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, if large volumes can be injected and securely retained. Storage capacity is limited by regional pressure buildup in the subsurface. However, natural CO 2 reservoirs in the United States are commonly underpressured, suggesting that natural processes reduce the pressure buildup over time and increase storage security. To identify these processes, we studied Bravo Dome natural CO 2 reservoir (New Mexico, USA), where the gas pressure is up to 6.4 MPa below the hydrostatic pressure, i.e., less than 30% of the expected pressure. Here, we show that the dissolution of CO 2 into the brine reduces the pressure by 1.02 ± 0.08 MPa, because Bravo Dome is isolated from the ambient hydrologic system. This challenges the assumption that the successful long-term storage of CO 2 is limited to open geological formations. We also show that the formation containing the reservoir was already 2.85 ± 2.02 MPa underpressured before CO 2 emplacement. This is likely due to the overlying evaporite layer, which prevents recharge. Similar underpressured formations below regional evaporites are widespread in the midcontinent of the United States. This suggests the existence of significant storage capacities with properties similar to Bravo Dome, which has contained large volumes of CO 2 over millennial time scales.
Energy-momentum conservation in gravity theories.

We discuss general properties of the conservation law associated with a local symmetry. Using Noether's theorem and a generalized Belinfante symmetrization procedure in 3+1 dimensions, a symmetric energy-momentum (pseudo) tensor for the gravitational Einstein-Hilbert action is derived and discussed in detail. In 2+1 dimensions, expressions are obtained for energy and angular momentum arising in the ISO(2,1) gauge-theoretical formulation of Einstein gravity. In addition, an expression for energy in a gauge-theoretical formulation of the string-inspired (1+1)-dimensional gravity is derived and compared with the ADM definition of energy.
Crude Oil and the Libyan Economy

Oil is the primary source of income in the Libyan economy; hence, it is important to more fully understand the economic factors associated with this sector of the economy. We applied a recent growth theory model to develop a better understanding of the relationship among capital, labor, domestic consumption of oil, oil exports and gross domestic product (GDP) in the Libyan economy. A log linear model was estimated using annual data for the period 1980 to 2012. All of the coefficients were significant at the 0.05 level except the log of labor, which was significant at the 0.0613 level. The signs associated with the variables were consistent with economic theory. The adjusted R square was 0.912 indicating that approximately 91 percent of variation in GDP was explained by the independent variables. There was only limited multicollinearity in the model as all Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) values were less than 10. Breusch Pagan and Anderson-Darling test results indicated a constant variance and that the errors were normally distributed, respectively. Similarly, the Durbin-Watson statistic indicated an absence of autocorrelation at the 0.05 level. The resulting elasticities were positive and strongly inelastic, indicating that large changes in each of the variables would be required to dramatically increase GDP. Nevertheless, it is clear that oil will continue to play a leading future economic growth and development.
Drama as a computer science teaching tool: conference tutorial

Teaching students is challenging. As educators, we strive to help students to understand and apply important concepts from our courses. Active learning activities are often enjoyable to students and have been found to enhance student learning. Including a novel, kinesthetic activity can help to engage students and assist them in remembering and applying key concepts.
Abstract P247: Facilitation of the VA Hospital-to-Home Initiative to Reduce Readmissions for Heart Failure Patients: CHF QUERI

Objectives: Reducing readmission rates for heart failure (HF) patients is the primary goal of the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) and its’ Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) QUERI. It is also the goal of Hospital to Home (H2H) national quality improvement (QI) initiative cosponsored by ACC and the IHI. In January 2010 the CHF QUERI through its HF Provider Network (625 providers/members from 150 VA facilities) launched the “VA H2H” QI initiative by facilitating the implementation of the national H2H initiative at the VA facilities with focus on H2H’s 3 key areas. Methods: A total of 122 VA facilities were identified with >100 discharges during 2007-2008. Randomly, half of these facilities were assigned to the intervention group (n=61) and the remaining to the control group (n=61). From Month 1 through Month 6 via e-mails and web-based meetings HF Network members at the intervention facilities were encouraged to (a) enroll own facility on the national H2H website, and (2) initiate and/or plan projects focusing on 3 key areas. In Months 6 members of both the intervention and control facilities were asked to complete a survey to find out (1) enrollment status and (2) number of projects initiated and/or planned for the VA H2H initiative, and other ongoing projects focusing on reducing HF readmissions. Results: The survey response rate was 37% (intervention n=24, 59%; and control n=21, 34%). It was seen that 33 intervention and 6 control facilities enrolled on the national H2H website. Self-reported data indicated that the intervention facilities had a total of 163 projects: 73=initiated and/or planned VA H2H projects, and 90=other ongoing projects. In sharp contrast, the control facilities had a significantly less number of total 66 projects: 25=initiated and/or planned VA H2H projects and 41=other ongoing projects. Conclusions: The findings show that the facilitation of the VA H2H initiative through its HF Provider Network was very successful in terms of increased enrollment and significantly larger number of projects to reduce HF readmissions. Impact: Facilitation of non-mandated QI initiatives is crucial to improve the quality of care for HF patients.
Recent Advances in Retinal Stem Cell Therapy.

Progress in stem cell research for blinding diseases over the past decade is now being applied to patients with retinal degenerative diseases and, soon perhaps, glaucoma. However, the field still has much to learn about the conversion of stem cells into various retinal cell types, and the potential delivery methods that will be required to optimize the clinical efficacy of stem cells delivered into the eye. Recent groundbreaking human clinical trials have demonstrated both the opportunities and current limitations of stem cell transplantation for retinal diseases. New progress in developing in vitro retinal organoids, coupled with the maturation of bio-printing technology, and non-invasive high-resolution imaging have created new possibilities for repairing and regenerating the diseased retina and rigorously validating its clinical impact in vivo. While promising progress is being made, meticulous clinical trials with cells derived using good manufacturing practice, novel surgical methods, and improved methods to derive all of the neuronal cell types present in the retina will be indispensable for developing stem cell transplantation as a paradigm shift for the treatment of blinding diseases.
A School-Based Brand Marketing Program's Adherence to Federal Nutrition Criteria.

Introduction The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 gave the U.S. Department of Agriculture authority to regulate school wellness policies, which include nutritional standards for foods advertised in schools. Brand marketing programs, which encourage students to purchase a company’s products in exchange for money or rewards, were not explicitly prohibited. This study assesses the nutritional quality of products participating in “Box Tops for Education” (“Box Tops”), one of the largest national brand marketing programs in schools. Methods Participating foods and beverages were obtained from the Box Tops product list and matched to nutrient information and ingredients from manufacturer websites in 2016 (N=949). Products were categorized as beverages (n=13); entrees (n=171); snacks (n=677); or fruits and vegetables exempt from the Smart Snacks in School Standards (“Smart Snacks” standards) (n=88) to assess the percentage that met the Smart Snacks standards. Results Of the foods participating in the Box Tops program, 69% of beverages, 26% of entrees, and 23% of snacks met the Smart Snacks standards. Most foods met the standards for trans fats (98%); calories (90%); and sugar (89%); but fewer met the requirements for sodium (60%). Noncompliant snacks contained more than twice the recommended sodium (mean=420 mg, SD=191 mg) and percent calories from saturated fat (mean=22%, SD=13%). Conclusions Fewer than one third of Box Tops foods met the Smart Snacks standards. Schools should consider whether the benefit of participation outweighs the harm of exposing kids to unhealthful marketing. Alternatively, schools could opt not to participate unless companies limit redeemable products to household items or healthful options meeting the Smart Snacks standards.
E-Language and I-Language

Chomsky claims that any theory of public “E-languages” will “surely have to presuppose grammars of I-languages.” Public languages are “more abstract” than I-languages, more “remote from mechanisms”. But can psychological mechanisms be described without reference (tacit or explicit) to social facts? I argue that public languages are indispensable to the study of language acquisition, as practiced by working psycholinguists. The data and explananda of acquisition theory are routinely couched in terms that make ineliminable reference to public languages, which serve as “targets” against which children’s successes and failures throughout development are measured. Though this does introduce a “normative-teleological” element into the science, it does not signal a move toward “prescriptive linguistics,” nor require an appeal to messy socio-political considerations. The normative-teleological element is innocuous, deriving from a theoretically motivated idealization of the child’s linguistic community. Next, I argue that the lack of precision in the individuation of public E-languages is just as much a feature of I-languages. Individuating I-languages requires settling unresolved issues about the competence/performance distinction, dialect mimicry, linguistic change, multilingualism, codeswitching, and cognitive disorders. It is not rational to insist on maximal precision in the individuation of either public E-languages or of I-languages at this stage of inquiry.
Cross Talk Between Smad, MAPK, and Actin in the Etiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

The gene for the type 2 receptor for the bone morphogenic pathway, BMPR2, is mutated in a large majority of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH),. However, the mechanisms linking BMPR2 mutation to disease remain obscure. BMPR2 potentially signals through multiple immediate downstream pathways, including Smad, MAPK, LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK) and dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 1 (TCTEX), v-src sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (SRC), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFkB). Functional consequences of BMPR2 mutation, largely ascertained from animal models, include a shift from contractile to synthetic phenotype in smooth muscle, probably downstream of Smad signal; alterations in expression of actin organization related genes, possibly related to focal adhesions; alterations in cytokines and inflammatory cell recruitment; increased proliferation and apoptosis; and increased collagen and matrix. A synthesis of the available data suggests that the normal role of BMPR2 in adult animals is to assist in injury repair. BMPR2 is suppressed in injured tissue, which facilitates inflammatory response, shift to a synthetic cellular phenotype, and alterations in migration or permeability of cells in the vascular wall. We thus hypothesize that BMPR2 mutation thus leads to an impaired ability to terminate the injury repair process, leading to strong predisposition to PAH.
Determination of as-discarded methane potential in residential and commercial municipal solid waste.

Abstract Methane generation potential, L0, is a primary parameter of the first-order decay (FOD) model used for prediction and regulation of landfill gas (LFG) generation in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The current US EPA AP-42 default value for L0, which has been in place for almost 20 years, is 100 m3 CH4/Mg MSW as-discarded. Recent research suggests the yield of landfilled waste could be less than 60 m3 CH4/Mg MSW. This study aimed to measure the L0 of present-day residential and commercial as-discarded MSW. In doing so, 39 waste collection vehicles were sorted for composition before samples of each biodegradable fraction were analyzed for methane generation potential. Methane yields were determined for over 450 samples of 14 different biodegradable MSW fractions, later to be combined with moisture content and volatile solids data to calculate L0 values for each waste load. An average value of 80 m3 CH4/Mg MSW was determined for all samples with 95% of values in the interval 74–86 m3 CH4/Mg MSW as-discarded. While no statistically significant difference was observed, commercial MSW yields (mean 85, median 88 m3 CH4/Mg MSW) showed a higher average L0 than residential MSW (mean 75, median 71 m3 CH4/Mg MSW). Many methane potential values for individual fractions described in previous work were found within the range of values determined by BMP in this study.
Control of CNS functions by RNA-binding proteins in neurological diseases

This review summarizes recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that control neurological functions and pathogenesis in various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and spinocerebellar ataxia. RBPs are critical players that regulate every step of posttranscriptional modifications of gene expression. Recent genome-wide approaches revealed that many proteins associate with RNA, but do not contain any known RNA-binding motifs. Additionally, many causal and risk genes of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases are RBPs. Development of high-throughput sequencing methods has mapped out the fingerprints of RBPs on transcripts and provided unprecedented potential to discover new mechanisms of neurological diseases. Insights into how RBPs modulate neural development are important for designing effective therapies for numerous neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. RBPs have diverse mechanisms for modulating RNA processing and, thereby, controlling neurogenesis. Understanding the role of disease-associated RBPs in neurogenesis is vital for developing novel treatments for neurological diseases.
Habituation of orienting responses as a function of “instructional set”

Electrodermal and plethysmographic recordings were obtained from three groups of alcoholic patients. The groups differed with respect to instructions given for response to a series of words spoken by the experimenter. Group A was told to report verbally their first associations for each word presented. Group B received instructions to think of an association for each word without reporting it. Group C was to respond to each word by repeating it after it was spoken by the experimenter. The instructions did not have the predicted differing effects upon rate of EDR habituation. However, the over-all amplitude of EDR was lower for Group B than for Group A or C. We observed very little habituation of the plethysmographic OR as measured by per cent of subjects responding to each word. As with the EDR data, Group B shows less responsivity, i.e., this group produced significantly fewer plethysmographic responses over all words than did either of the other two groups. The relative importance of association and of verbal responding to a stimulus word for eliciting autonomic responses was considered.
A Coding Strategy for Wireless Networks with no Channel Information

In this paper, we present a coding strategy for wireless relay networks, where we assume no channel knowl-edge. More precisely, the relays operate without knowing the channel that affected their received signal, and the receiver decodes knowing none of the channel paths. The coding scheme is inspired by noncoherent differential space-time coding, and is shown to yield a diversity linear in the number of relays. It is furthermore available for any number of relay nodes.
Decision Horizon, Overtaking and 1-Optimality Criteria in Optimal Control

Different optimality criteria for undiscounted infinite horizon optimal control problems are reviewed. Special attention is paid to discrete time Markov decision processes with finite state space. The different criteria are compared on an illustrative example.
High Throughput Heterogeneous Computing and Interactive Visualization on a Desktop Supercomputer

At a cost below $2500, a desktop supercomputer was built from scratch by assembling the basic parts including a Tesla C1060 card and a GeForce GTX 295 card. This commodity desktop runs a Linux operating system together with CUDA, MPI and other needed software. MPI is used not only for distributing and/or transferring the computing loads among the GPU devices, but also for controlling the process of visualization. Several applications of heterogeneous computing have been successfully run on this desktop. Calculation of long-ranged forces in the n-body problem with fast multi-pole method can consume more than 85 % of the cycles and generate 480 GFLOPS of throughput. Mixed programming of CUDA-based C and Matlab has facilitated interactive visualization during simulations. One such MIMD application is the simulation of an idealized Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction (BZR), which is distributed evenly on three GPU devices (two on GTX 295 and one on Tesla) through message passing interface (MPI) and visualized at a given frequency displaying the evolution of the simulated reaction. One additional MPI process is over-subscribed onto one GPU device for monitoring the thermal status and memory usage of all the GPU devices as the BZR simulation progresses, further enhancing the throughput. (Submitted as a part of the paper is a movie capturing the self-organization process of cellular spirals resembling the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction.) Our test runs have shown that running multiple applications on one GPU device or running one application across multiple GPU devices can be done as conveniently as on traditional CPUs.
Selective ablation of TRPV1 by intrathecal injection of resiniferatoxin in rats increases renal sympathoexcitatory responses and salt sensitivity.

This study tested the hypothesis that selective ablation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)-positive nerve fibers by intrathecal injection of resiniferatoxin (RTX) enhances renal sympathoexcitatory responses and salt sensitivity. Intrathecal injection of RTX (1.8 μg/kg) to the levels of lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord (T8–L3) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats fed a normal (NS, 1% NaCl) or high-sodium (HS, 8% NaCl) diet for 4 weeks compared to vehicle-treated rats (NS: 121 ± 2 vs. 111 ± 2; HS: 154 ± 2 vs. 134 ± 2 mm Hg, both P < 0.05), with a greater increase in HS compared to NS rats (9 ± 1% vs. 15 ± 1%, P < 0.05). TRPV1 contents were decreased in T8–L3 segments of spinal dorsal horn but not in corresponding dorsal root ganglia and the kidney following RTX treatment (P < 0.05). Selective activation of GABA-A receptors with intrathecal T8–L3 segment-injection of muscimol (3 nmol/kg) decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity and increased urinary excretion in both NS and HS rats, with a greater effect in RTX-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats (P < 0.05). Chronic activation of GABA-A receptors with muscimol (50 mg/kg/day × 2, p.o.) abolished RTX treatment-induced pressor effects in NS and HS rats. GAD65/67, a GABA synthetase, in the spinal cord was downregulated and tyrosine hydroxylase in the kidney upregulated in NS or HS rats treated with RTX (P < 0.05). Thus, selective ablation of TRPV1-positive central terminals of sensory neurons plays a prohypertensive role possibly via inhibition of spinal GABA system especially with HS intake, suggesting that activation of TRPV1 in central terminals of sensory neurons may convey an antihypertensive effect.
Position Sensorless Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives Without Pre-stored Magnetic Characteristics

A position sensorless control method for switched reluctance motors from standstill to running without pre-stored magnetic characteristics is proposed. For startup, diagnosing pulses are injected into all three phases, and the current magnitudes of all phases are examined to estimate the rotor position. Additionally, a phase current vector method is applied to eliminate the risk of locked-rotor and startup hesitations. In running condition, diagnosing pulses are injected to two non-torque productive phases to estimate the position and commutation instant. An angle tracking observer estimates the continuous angle from the acquired discrete position information. The proposed method does not require any prior knowledge of the switched reluctance motor except the pole configuration. Therefore, memory storage for magnetization curves of a switched reluctance motor is not needed. The experimental results show a hesitation-free startup, a good speed reference tracking, and an accurate position estimation performance under different load conditions.
The Synchronous Data Center

Today, distributed systems are typically designed to be largely asynchronous. Designers assume that the network can drop or significantly delay messages at unpredictable times, that there is no way to know how quickly a node might process a message, or how soon it might respond, and that the clocks of different nodes are at most loosely synchronized. These assumptions are certainly safe, but they come at a price: many applications really do need predictable performance, which, on top of an asynchronous system, has to be approximated at great cost and with lots of redundancy, and many distributed protocols for asynchronous systems are much more complex and expensive than their synchronous counterparts. The goal of this paper is to start a discussion about whether the asynchronous model is (still) the right choice for most distributed systems, especially ones that belong to a single administrative domain. We argue that 1) by using ideas from the CPS domain, it is technically feasible to build datacenter-scale systems that are fully synchronous, and that 2) such systems would have several interesting advantages over current designs.
In situ imaging of the bacterial flagellar motor disassembly and assembly processes

The self-assembly of cellular macromolecular machines such as the bacterial flagellar motor requires the spatio-temporal synchronization of gene expression with proper protein localization and association of dozens of protein components. In Salmonella and Escherichia coli, a sequential, outward assembly mechanism has been proposed for the flagellar motor starting from the inner membrane, with the addition of each new component stabilizing the previous one. However, very little is known about flagellar disassembly. Here, using electron cryo-tomography and sub-tomogram averaging of intact Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shewanella oneidensis cells, we study flagellar motor disassembly and assembly in situ. We first show that motor disassembly results in stable outer membrane-embedded sub-complexes. These sub-complexes consist of the periplasmic embellished P- and L-rings, and bend the membrane inward while it remains apparently sealed. Additionally, we also observe various intermediates of the assembly process including an inner-membrane sub-complex consisting of the C-ring, MS-ring, and export apparatus. Finally, we show that the L-ring is responsible for reshaping the outer membrane, a crucial step in the flagellar assembly process.
The Presentation of Child Maltreatment in Healthcare Settings

This chapter defines child maltreatment and provides an overview of how maltreatment presents in healthcare settings. Protective and risk factors associated with child maltreatment are identified. Reporting rules for suspected child maltreatment are outlined, as is the role of the consulting psychologist in the hospital setting, child advocacy center, and in the patient-centered medical home. Provision of anticipatory guidance on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and toxic stress will be provided as will suggestions for brief intervention on managing common physiological symptoms often associated with trauma. This chapter addresses the role of the consulting psychologist in educating healthcare professionals about the negative effects of child maltreatment including corporal punishment. Evidence-based interventions to address child maltreatment in the outpatient setting are provided. A case example is provided to demonstrate the role of a consulting psychologist in an integrated pediatric primary care setting.
Estimating Void Nucleation Statistics in Laser-Driven Spall

We examine the statistical distribution of critical nucleation pressures necessary to dynamically grow voids during the spall failure of an AZ31B magnesium alloy. The approach uses laser-driven micro-flyers to generate spall over times of the order of tens of nanoseconds, allowing us to focus on void nucleation processes rather than void coalescence processes. Our methodology combines quantitative postmortem characterization of void mediated failure with time-resolved interferometry of the failure event, and reveals the dynamics of the failure process. We infer the distribution of the underlying nucleation pressures and explore the associated strain rate dependence of spall strength in these alloys.
An Architecture-based Modeling Approach Using Data Flows for Zone Concepts in Industry 4.0

Smart factories in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) offer economic advantages that base on the universal integration of the associated value chain. Within it, IT relies on new and complex technologies like cyber-physical systems (CPS), that integrate hardware and software with new sensor and communication capabilities. Hence, such production systems become more vulnerable against malicious attacks due to bigger attack surfaces. Therefore, it is essential to address security as early as possible, i.e. during design process (Security by Design). In order to support security risk assessments during the design process, the standard IEC 62443 recommends to define zones addressing multiple security levels instead of using one security level for the complete factory. General ideas, rules and guidelines to define a cybersecurity zone concept are sufficiently described. However, approaches that allow both the model-based system design of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) and the zones, taking into account data flows, represent a gap in this research area. Our approach closes this gap by supporting the modeling of zones and taking explicitly defined data flows into account in a model-based system engineering tool that we created ourselves. To this, we present our domain-specific language (DSL), which meets the basic requirements of IEC 62443, and propose a methodology that takes into account the data flow between zones. The applicability of the approach is validated with means of a fictitious smart factory use case.
Abstract 12653: The Therapy-related Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Gene Ppm1d Promotes Inflammation and Non-ischemic Heart Failure in a Murine Model

Background: Therapy-related clonal hematopoiesis in cancer patients is typically associated with somatic mutations in hematopoietic cell genes that encode regulators of the DNA-damage response (DDR...
CompNA at SemEval-2021 Task 1: Prediction of lexical complexity analyzing heterogeneous features

This paper describes the CompNa model that has been submitted to the Lexical Complexity Prediction (LCP) shared task hosted at SemEval 2021 (Task 1). The solution is based on combining features of different nature through an ensambling method based on Decision Trees and trained using Gradient Boosting. We discuss the results of the model and highlight the features with more predictive capabilities.
Cryogenic Operation of DC Kerr Silicon Photonic Modulators

We demonstrate DC-Kerr-effect-based modulation at a temperature of 5 K at GHz speeds in silicon photonic phase shifters fabricated in a CMOS-compatible process. The cryogenic performance of the devices remains comparable to that at room temperature.
A case series study of the neurophysiological effects of altered states of mind during intense Islamic prayer

This paper presents a case series with preliminary data regarding the neurophysiological effects of specific prayer practices associated with the Islamic religion. Such practices, like other prayer practices, are likely associated with several coordinated cognitive activities and a complex pattern of brain physiology. However, there may also be changes specific to the goals of Islamic prayer which has, as its most fundamental concept, the surrendering of one's self to God. To evaluate Islamic prayer practices, we measured changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in three Islamic individuals while practicing two different types of Islamic prayer. In this case series, intense Islamic prayer practices generally showed decreased CBF in the prefrontal cortex and related frontal lobe structures, and the parietal lobes. However, there were also several regions that differed between the two types of prayer practices including increased CBF in the caudate nucleus, insula, thalamus, and globus pallidus. These patterns also appear distinct from concentrative techniques in which an individual focuses on a particular idea or object. It is hypothesized that the changes in brain activity may be associated with feelings of "surrender" and "connectedness with God" described to be experienced during these intense Islamic prayer practices. Overall, these results suggest that several coordinated cognitive processes occur during intense Islamic prayer. Methodological issues and implications of the results are also discussed.
Is Coordination Quantification

We explore the semantics of conjunction using a neo-Davidsonian semantics expressed in a synchronous grammar. We propose to model conjunction as quantification over the set of conjoined entities, and discuss problems that arise in this approach when we have conjoined quantified noun phrases.
Caspase cleavage of APP results in a cytotoxic proteolytic peptide

Cleaveage of amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ- secretases is known to yield the peptide amyloid-β, which is suggested to be cytotoxic and has been associated with a number of neurdegenerative diseases. New findings suggest that caspases can also cleave APP to yield other peptides that initiate cell death by unknown mechanisms (pages 397–404 ).
Mouse IL-1 receptor antagonist protein : molecular characterization, gene mapping, and expression of mRNA in vitro and in vivo

The IL-1R antagonist protein (IL-1RN/IL-1rn) is a member of the IL-1 family of inflammatory mediators. We have isolated and analyzed a mouse IL-1rn cDNA clone and established that the derived mouse IL-1rn protein sequence is highly homologous to the human counterpart molecule. Mouse IL-1rn mRNA may be induced in P388D1 monocytic cells with PMA and in mouse liver in vivo by development of an experimental inflammation via s.c. injection of azocasein. This latter observation implies the existence of an autocrine hepatic negative feedback loop that down-regulates the acute phase response and is itself induced at the same time as the major acute-phase proteins. The mouse Il 1rn gene was mapped to the proximal region of chromosome 2 between the centromere and Spna2; the other known members of the mouse IL-1 gene family, Il 1a and Il 1b, both map to the same chromosome, although not in close linkage.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha expression in human normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes.

Abstract Background : Articular cartilage is a unique tissue in that it is avascular with its nutrition and oxygen supply being dependent on the diffusion of solutes through the synovial fluid and to and from the subchondral bone. The oxygen levels in articular cartilage, therefore, are assumed to be low. Oxygen is an important modulator of gene expression and this regulation occurs largely through the activation of the transcriptional complex hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). However, little is known about how articular cartilage regulates genes in response to O 2 tension and whether this regulation occurs through HIF-1. Aim : The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of HIF-1α in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and in response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Methods : Articular chondrocytes from human normal and OA knee cartilage were isolated and cultured in suspension under normoxic (21% O 2 ) or hypoxic conditions (1% O 2 ). Chondrocytes were also treated with TNF-α under normoxic conditions. Nuclear extracts and total RNA were prepared and HIF-1α protein and mRNA levels were assayed by immunoblotting and Northern hybridization. Localization of HIF-1α by immunofluorescence was performed on frozen sections of cartilage tissue by confocal microscopy. Results : HIF-1α expression was detectable in human normal and OA chondrocytes and cartilage by Northern analysis, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence under normoxic conditions. Culture of OA or normal chondrocytes under hypoxic conditions for up to 16h resulted in a modest stabilization and/or increase of HIF-1α expression. Treatment of articular chondrocytes with TNFα resulted in an increase in HIF-1α protein steady state levels under normoxic conditions. The increase in HIF-1α expression induced by TNFα was partially blocked by pretreatment of the chondrocytes with inhibitors of NFκB or p38 MAP kinase. We also observed the expression of HIF-2α mRNA in human chondrocytes. Conclusion : HIF-1α is expressed in human normal and OA articular chondrocytes cultured under normoxic conditions. HIF-1α can be further induced or stabilized in articular chondrocytes by hypoxia or by treatment with TNFα. The relatively high constitutive expression of HIF-1α by chondrocytes may be an important adaptation to survival in the avascular-hypoxic environment of cartilage. Modulation of HIF-1α levels by TNF-α may have important implications for chondrocyte metabolism during degenerative joint disease. In addition, we detected for the first time the expression of HIF-2α mRNA in chondrocytes.
Tracking Latent Domain Knowledge

A common assumption behind measuring the importance of a phenomenon is that the more often a phenomenon is observable, the more important it is likely to be. For example, we tend to think a topic is important if we hear it a lot. In this chapter, we explore the opposite of this assumption. In contrast to well-established and high-profile research topics, we discuss how latent and low-profile patterns could be identified. We describe an approach that not only captures knowledge structures from prominent and highly cited works, but also traces latent domain knowledge through low-frequency citation chains. This chapter presents three cases: (1) Swanson’s undiscovered public knowledge, (2) A survey of cross-disciplinary applications of Pathfinder networks, and (3) An investigation of the current status of scientific inquiry of a possible link between BSE, also known as mad cow disease, and vCJD, a type of brain disease in human.
A Sequential Sampling System For Spectrophotometers

A simple arrangement is described for filling, emptying, and rinsing an absorption cell without removing it from the spectrophotometer or opening the cell compartment. Specifications required for the cell, tubing, stopper, and valve are presented. Although the installation is described for a Beckman DB spectrophotometer, the device can be used with other instruments.
Enzyme inactivation in a droplet forming a bubble during drying.

Abstract Alkaline phosphatase activity, moisture content and bubble volume in spray-dried condensed skim milk were measured experimentally. The activity and moisture content decreased, and the bubble volume increased, with increasing outlet-air temperature. Bubble volumes were sometimes larger than the dry solids volume. Scanning electron micrographs contained some particles that were hollow spheres, and others that were caved-in. Mathematical models from the literature which included bubble formation were used to simulate the experiments. Predictions generally fell within the range of the experimental results. Activity was predicted to increase with decreasing air temperature and droplet size. In the simulation, most inactivation occurred in a critical region of 70–80% solids, wherein both the moisture content and droplet temperature were sufficiently elevated. Allowance for bubble formation during drying did not significantly affect the predicted moisture content or activity.
Eritrea: W(h)ither the Jihad?

Eritrea and Sudan, two neighbours in the Horn of Africa, have broken off diplomatic relations and war between the former friends is not impossible. Handling the crisis caused through Sudanese sponsorship of a fundamentalist group, Eritrea Jihad, that seeks to overthrow the secular government of Eritrea is the first major test of the diplomatic and political skills of Africa's newest nation. Resolution of the crisis is likely to involve Eritrean measures to improve the lot of its disadvantaged Muslims and Sudan reining in the Jihad forces — leading to dissension within the government and unpredictable shifts in Sudaneses politics.
Harmonic electron correlation operator

An appealing way to model electron correlation within the single determinant wave function formalism is through the expectation value of a linear two-electron operator. For practical reasons, it is desirable for such an operator to be universal, i.e., not depend on the positions and types of nuclei in a molecule. We show how a perturbation theory applied to a hookium atom provides for a particular form of a correlation operator, hence called the harmonic correlation operator. The correlation operator approach is compared and contrasted to the traditional ways to describe electron correlation. To investigate the two-electron approximation of this operator, we apply it to many-electron hookium systems. To investigate the harmonic approximation, we apply it to the small atomic systems. Directions of future research are also discussed.
Relationship between hard X-ray and EUV sources in solar flares

The high time resolution hard X-ray (not less than 15 keV) observations of medium and large impulsive solar flares made with the OSO 5 satellite are compared with the simultaneous ground-based observations of 10-1030 A EUV flux made via sudden frequency deviations (SFD) at Boulder. For most flares the agreement between the times of maxima of the impulsive hard X-ray and EUV emissions is found to be consistent with earlier studies (not less than 1 s). The rise and decay times of the EUV emission are larger than the corresponding times for X-rays not less than 30 keV. When OSO 5 hard X-ray measurements are combined with those made by OGO1, OGO 3, OGO 5, and TD 1A satellites, it is found that there is a nearly linear relationship between the energy fluxes of impulsive EUV emission and X-rays not less than 10 keV over a wide range of flare magnitudes. A model involving only a 'partial precipitation' of energetic electrons and consisting of both thick and thin target hard X-ray sources is examined.
Infant Walkers: Developmental Tool or Inherent Danger

This study investigated the influence of pre-walking practice in an infant walker on the onset time of independent walking. 15 pairs of twins were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Only the experimental group was exposed to an infant walker. This group spent a minimum of 1 hr. per day in an infant walker from 4 mo. of age until the onset of bipedal locomotion. The infants in the control group were not placed in infant walkers. A one-way analysis of variance indicated there was no significant difference between the mean ages of initial walking for the experimental and control groups. The use of the infant walker did not influence the onset of independent walking.
Increasing the Responsiveness of Recommended Expert Collaborators for Online Open Projects

We consider the experts recommendation problem for open collaborative projects in large-scale Open Source Software (OSS) communities. In large-scale online community, recommending expert collaborators to a project coordinator or lead developer has two prominent challenges: (i) the "cold shoulder"' problem, which is the lack of interest from the experts to collaborate and share their skills, and (ii) the "cold start" problem, which is an issue with community members who has scarce data history. In this paper, we consider the Degree of Knowledge (DoK) which imposes the knowledge of the skills factor, and the Social Relative Importance (SRI) which imposes the social distance factor to tackle the aforementioned challenges. We propose four DoK models and integrate them with three SRI methods under our proposed Expert Ranking (ER) framework to rank the candidate expert collaborators based on their likelihood of collaborating in response to a query formulated by the social network of a query initiator and certain required skills to a project/task. We evaluate our proposal using a dataset collected from Github.com, which is one of the most fast-growing, large-scale online OSS community. In addition, we test the models under different data scarcity levels. The experiment shows promising results of recommending expert collaborators who tend to make real collaborations to projects.
Circadian rhythm of chloroplast ultrastructure in Gonyaulax polyedra, concentric organization around a central cluster of ribosomes

A circadian rhythm of chloroplast ultrastructure in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra is described. Thylakoid stacks in the parts of the chloroplasts that lie closest to the interior of the cell are more widely separated during the day than at night. No ribosomes are present in the stroma of this region when it is expanded. Changes in thylakoid spacing are found in the absence of environmental light-dark cycles and thus represent an additional manifestation of circadian rhythmicity in Gonyaulax. Changes in thylakoid spacing occur only in parts of the chloroplasts which lie within a given distance from the center of the cell. In Gonyaulax, the nucleus, the Golgi bodies, and the developing trichocysts are also arranged concentrically. At the center of the cell, a large aggregation of densely packed cytoplasmic ribosomes has been discovered. We speculate that these ribosomes may control the arrangement of organelles in Gonyaulax and the rhythmic changes in thylakoid spacing.
Training Addiction Counselors to Implement CBT for Depression

Many clients in publicly funded substance abuse treatment programs suffer from depression yet lack access to effective mental health treatment. This study sought to examine whether addiction counselors could be effectively trained to deliver group CBT for depression and to ascertain client perceptions of the treatment. Five counselors were trained in the therapy and treated 113 clients with depression symptoms. Counselors demonstrated high fidelity to the therapy and client perceptions of the therapy were positive. Our results suggest that training addiction counselors to deliver group CBT for depression is a promising integrated treatment approach for co-occurring depression and substance disorders.
Analyzing availability using transfer function models and cross spectral analysis

If we look at the literature of reliability and life testing we do not see much on the use of the powerful methods of time series analysis. In this paper we show how the methods of multivariate time series analysis can be used in a novel way to investigate the interrelationships between a series of operating (running) times and a series of maintenance (down) times of a complex system. Specifically, we apply the techniques of cross spectral analysis to help us obtain a Box-Jenkins type transfer function model for the running times and the down times of a nuclear reactor. A knowledge of the interrelationships between the running times and the down times is useful for an evaluation of maintenance policies, for replacement policy decisions, and for evaluating the availability and the readiness of complex systems.