cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alterations in rabbit core temperature produced by alpha-methyl metatyrosine.

Abstract Alpha-methyl metatyrosine (α-MMT) produces an increase of more than 1°C in the core temperature of the rabbit when given acutely. At 24 hr the temperature of these animals has fallen below normal and continues to be below normal up to 72 hr. The nature of these effects has been examined using pargyline, reserpine and dihydroxyphenylalanine. Assays were performed to determine dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the brainstem. The evidence suggests that the hyperthermic effect of α-MMT results from the release of DA and 5-HT with DA probably predominating. In addition it was concluded, from experiments in reserpine-treated animals, that the metabolite α-methyl metatyramine also produced hyperthermia directly. The significance of these data to temperature regulation and the hyperthermic effect of amphetamine is discussed.
Loving thyself: a Kohutian interpretation of a "limited" mature narcissism in evangelical megachurches.

Evangelical megachurches across the United States provide a subculture for core and committed members who immerse themselves in these communities of faith. This article argues that American evangelical megachurches fail to mitigate “the narcissism epidemic” in the dominant secular culture. Using object relations theory, I discuss splitting as a psychological foundation for narcissism, and I employ Heinz Kohut’s self-psychology to analyze idealized, mirroring, and twinning self-objects in evangelical megachurches. Finally, given Kohut’s categories for a mature narcissism, I find that Evangelicals achieve creativity, empathy, transience, humor, and wisdom, in part, but their ideological frameworks, organizational characteristics, and beliefs challenge a transformation to mature narcissism.
New Insights into the Mechanism of Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis Reactions

Over the past two decades, olefin metathesis has emerged as a mild and efficient method for the formation of carbon−carbon double bonds. In particular, (PCy_3)_2(Cl)_2RuCHPh (1)^2 has found extensive use in organic and polymer chemistry due to its high reactivity with olefins in the presence of a diverse array of functional groups. Recently, a new family of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts have been prepared by the substitution of a single PCy_3 ligand of 1 with an N-heterocyclic carbene. These new alkylidenes, particularly [Figure 1], exhibit dramatically increased activity over the parent system in ring-opening metathesis polymerization, ring-closing metathesis,4a and cross metathesis reactions. The mechanism of olefin metathesis reactions catalyzed by 1 has received intense investigation in our group and others and early studies established that phosphine dissociation is a crucial step along the reaction coordinate. As such, it has been suggested that the high activity of 2 and its analogues is due to their increased ability to promote this critical phosphine dissociation step. We report herein a detailed mechanistic study of phosphine exchange and initiation kinetics in alkylidenes 1 and 2. This study provides new and surprising evidence concerning the origin of the large activity differences between these two catalysts.
Immune Activation Is Associated with CD8 T Cell Interleukin-21 Production in HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) can be produced by CD8 T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals and those with autoimmune disease, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that IL-21-producing CD8 T cells are not associated with CD4 depletion and are absent in patients with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Instead, IL-21 production by CD8 T cells was associated with high levels of activation, suggesting that these cells emerge as a consequence of excessive chronic immune activation rather than CD4 lymphopenia.
Functional significance of the androecium in staminate and hermaphroditic flowers of Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae)

The role of the androecium differs in male and hermaphroditic flowers of the andromonoecious Solanum carolinense. Although the anthers in male, and in the much more abundant hermaphroditic flowers, are the same size and they bear the same quantity of pollen, these organs exhibit some specialization in the two flower types. Experimental results imply that significant roles of the male organs in hermaphroditic flowers are as sources of pollinator reward (pollen) in these nectarless flowers, at least as near-distance attractive elements, and as landing platforms. Evidence for the latter comes from experiments that showed bees visited flowers (alighted) that lack stamens with a much lower frequency. In contrast, the stamens of the male flowers function primarily as possible near-distance attractors and as a source of pollen for reproduction. Male flowers are seldom open concurrently with the hermaphroditic flowers on the same plant and thus the staminate flowers function primarily as pollen donors because they cannot often serve as attractants to hermaphroditic flowers.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma of stomach

A case report and an analysis of 12 additional reported cases of plasmacytoma of the stomach are presented. No specific clinical or laboratory findings characterized this disease. Grossly, the lesions resembled carcinoma and are classified as nodular, infiltrative, ulcerative, and polypoid. Like lymphoma, it may present a multinodular pattern with multiple ulcerations in roentgenograms. Surgery is the therapy of choice, followed by radiation. For disseminated lesions, radiation and/or chemotherapy produce tumor regression. Plasmacytoma involved small and/or large intestines in 5 cases; esophagus was never involved. Ten patients died in 5 years—6 of gastric plasmacytoma, 4 of postoperative complications. Five cases had disseminations; 2 showed bone involvement.
Penicillin in the treatment of cellulitis of the mouth

Abstract Penicillin has been used in six cases of rather extensive cellulitis of the mouth. In two cases the cellulitis was complicated by bacteremia. The use of penicillin did not produce any toxic reaction. The rather extensive cellulitis present in these cases responded almost dramatically to the use of penicillin. If subsequent studies show that penicillin therapy will accomplish satisfactory results in such cases, it may be possible to avoid extensive and radical surgical procedures which have often been necessary. It seems likely that the use of penicillin may shorten the period of convalescence and reduce the hazard of complications associated with cellulitis of the mouth.
Self-assembly of suspended collagen films and their viability as cell culture substrates

We present the fabrication and mechanical properties of thin collagen networks self-assembled in a suspended configuration over micropost arrays. These collagen “canopies” were formed on arrays of microposts made of PDMS, silicon, and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT). We reversibly loaded the canopy to an in-plane stress of 32 MPa. We found that human dermal fibroblasts (HDFb) proliferate on the canopy substrates for up to 7 days. This versatile fabrication method for suspended extracellular matrix (ECM) films may enable the development of new assays to probe cell–ECM interactions, along with integration of microelectronic probes.
Emotion as Lived Experience

The place of the lived body in emotional experience is examined. Four layers, or levels, of lived-emotion are identified: (1) sensible feelings, (2) feelings of the lived body, (3) intentional value-feelings, (4) feelings of the self or the moral person. An account of lived emotionality given by James Joyce is analyzed. The importance of a phenomenological and interactionist view of self, emotionality and social experience is indicated.
Improvements in the Mechanical Structure of the Linear Switched Reluctance Motor

In semiconductor manufacturing, wire bonding of chips and surface mount technology process require precise robotic linear motion. Traditionally, X-Y sliding tables driven by permanent magnet rotary motors, ball-screw and belt are used. However, they have position accuracy problem due to ball-screw backlash. Since motors and high precision grade ball-screws are expensive, high manufacturing cost is another disadvantage. Low reliability results from complex mechanical alignment and low ball-screw lifetime. This paper presents the basic structure of linear switched reluctance motor for high performance motions in manufacturing automation. No magnet is used and the traveling distance has no limitation. Consequently, this motor is extensively robust and applicable in hostile environment. A two-dimensional motor is introduced to replace the conventional X-Y table. Based on switched reluctance driving method, the proposed actuator has a very simple and robust structure with very few mechanical parts for easier manufacturing. 3 designs are compared on their mechanical structure and efficiency. Detailed motor framework description and corresponding mathematical model are shown. Applied control theory would be mentioned.
Myopia and eye enlargement after neonatal lid fusion in monkeys

THE aetiology of myopia has been studied mainly by investigating the distribution of refractive errors in human populations1. No clear conclusion has emerged, however, so the prevailing clinical attitude is that myopia can neither be prevented nor cured, but only corrected with appropriate lenses. The mechanism of myopia can be rationally analysed only if a suitable animal model is found for this refractive condition. In the literature, there are only two examples of experimental myopia. Levinsohn2 claimed that a high degree of myopia develops in young monkeys when the body is kept elevated above the head for long periods of time; his results, however, have been questioned3,4. Young5 induced myopia by exposing monkeys to a restricted visual space, but the refractive error thus obtained was relatively small. During investigations on monocular visual deprivation in monkeys6 it was noted that the eye in which the lids had been closed by suture at birth developed a high degree of myopia. We report here a study of the effects of neonatal lid fusion on the refractive state and anatomy of the macaque monkey eye.
Optimal piecewise constant control of continuous time systems with time-varying delay

Necessary conditions are presented for the optimal piecewise constant control of continuous time systems with time-varying delay. The conventional Hamiltonian is used; the effect of the delay is included in the costate equation. A fixed endpoint problem is formulated for a scalar system. Restricting the control to be piecewise constant results in a condition on the Hamiltonian integrated between switching instants. The extension to more general terminal constraints for multivariable systems is straight-forward.
Oscillations and evolution of a hot and dense gas of flavor neutrinos: A quantum field theory study

We study the time evolution of the distribution functions for hot and or degenerate gases of two flavors of Dirac neutrinos as a result of flavor mixing and dephasing. This is achieved by obtaining the time evolution of the flavor density matrix directly from quantum field theory at finite temperature and density. The time evolution features a rich hierarchy of scales which are widely separated in the nearly degenerate or relativistic cases and originate in interference phenomena between particle and antiparticle states. In the degenerate case the flavor asymmetry $\Delta N(t)$ relaxes to the asymptotic limit $\Delta N(\infty)=\Delta N(0)\cos^2(2\theta)$ via dephasing resulting from the oscillations between flavor modes that are not Pauli blocked, with a power law $1/t$ for $t>t_s \approx 2 k_F/\Delta M^2$. $k_F$ is the largest of the Fermi momenta. The distribution function for flavor neutrinos and antineutrinos as well as off-diagonal densities are obtained. Flavor particle-antiparticle pairs are produced by mixing and oscillations with typical momentum $k\sim \bar{M}$ the average mass of the neutrinos. An effective field theory description emerges on long time scales in which the Heisenberg operators obey a Bloch-type equation of motion valid in the relativistic and nearly degenerate cases. We find the non-equilibrium propagators and correlation functions in this effective theory and discuss its regime of validity as well as the potential corrections.
Velocity profiles and shear strain rate variability in the USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2 at different impeller agitation speeds

The fluid velocity profiles at different locations inside a standard USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2 were experimentally obtained via Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) at three impeller agitations speeds, namely 50rpm, 75rpm and 100rpm. The experimental results were compared with the predictions obtained with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) where the κ-ω model with low Reynolds number correction was used to account for turbulence effects. In general, good agreement was found between the experimental LDV velocity measurements and the CFD simulation predictions. The non-dimensional tangential, axial and radial velocity profiles (scaled with the impeller tip speed) and the flow pattern were found to be nearly independent of the agitation speed in most regions of the vessel, implying that increasing the agitation speed generally produced a corresponding increase in the local values of the velocity. However, the velocity profiles and flow pattern in the inner core region just below the impeller, where the dissolving tablet is usually located, were found to be much less sensitive to agitation speed. In this region, the axial and radial velocities were especially low and were not significantly affected by agitation increases. This inner core region at the center of the vessel bottom persisted irrespective of agitation intensity. The CFD predictions also indicated that increasing the agitation speed resulted in a higher shear strain rate distribution along the vessel bottom, although the strain rate was always very low at the center of the vessel bottom, even when the agitation speed was increased.
Tonsillectomy in diagnosis of the unknown primary tumor of the head and neck

OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to discuss the experience of one tumor registry with performing tonsillectomy in the diagnostic approach to unknown head and neck primary tumors. It also describes the importance of including tonsillectomy in this evaluation algorithm.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective chart review was done of 68 patients with either tonsillar or unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma culled from 829 patients seen from 1956 to 1996 at the head and neck tumor registry at the Naval Medical Center San Diego.METHODSRecords from the head and neck tumor registry, radiation oncology service, and pathology department were reviewed with attention to presenting symptom, initial examination, diagnostic studies performed, and type and result of biopsies performed.RESULTSThirty-four patients sought treatment for a neck lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma without an identifiable primary tumor site. Six of these (18%) had the primary site diagnosed by performing tonsillectomy ipsilateral to...
Post 23 August 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake Investigations at North Anna Nuclear Power Plant

An earthquake with a magnitude ( M w) 5.8 occurred near Mineral, Virginia, on 23 August 2011. This earthquake is one of the largest, instrumentally recorded seismic events to occur east of the Rocky Mountains. The North Anna nuclear power station (NANPS) is located about 18 km from the epicenter. The plant and local communities were both impacted by the earthquake, and NANPS is the first U.S. commercial nuclear power plant that experienced an automatic safe shutdown from an earthquake, wherein the nuclear reaction was stopped in a controlled manner by inserting the control rods into the reactor. Immediately after the earthquake, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) dispatched several teams, including an Augmented Inspection Team and other teams of seismologists and engineers, to investigate the earthquake’s impact on the two nuclear reactors at the site. This paper reports the findings of the investigations and lessons learned from the earthquake’s impact on NANPS. The earthquake occurred in Mineral at approximately 13:51 hours, with the mainshock occurring at shallow depth about 6 km from the surface. The earthquake was associated with a reverse fault and the fault probably strikes in the north or northeast direction, according to the U.S. Geological Survey’s focal mechanism solution (USGS, 2011). However, it is uncertain which fault actually caused the earthquake. A few aftershocks persisted, the largest having a magnitude of 4.5. All of the shocks, including the mainshock, were inside the Central Virginia seismic zone (CVSZ). The largest historical earthquake known to have occurred in the CVSZ before 2011 is the magnitude 4.8 (estimated because no seismic monitors were available at that time) earthquake that occurred in 1875 (USGS, 2011). NANPS (see Fig. 1, inset) has two pressurized‐water reactor (PWR) units that began operation in 1978 and 1980. Each unit has an output core power of approximately …
Self-assessment of classroom instruction: An effective approach to inservice education

Abstract This paper reports a study that was conducted within a client-based staff development program sponsored by a school in a medium-sized city in the southeastern United States. The study examined the effectiveness of self-assessment in improving the quality of elementary reading instruction. Participants reviewed reports of research underlying a checklist developed for their use in assessing their reading group instruction. They then used the checklist to analyze audio tapes of their own teaching, targeting behaviors they wished to improve. A comparison of pre and post tapes indicated the effectiveness of the procedure in promoting instructional improvements in areas represented on the checklist and in other aspects of instruction. Teachers' subjective reactions to the experience were positive.
Some developments in mathematical thinking for computer science education since computing curricula 2001

The Computing Curricula 2001 (CC 2001) computer science volume [1] is the first professional society curriculum model for computer science to include elements of discrete mathematics as part of the core of computer science. In the roughly eight years between the release of that curriculum and SIGCSE 2010, computer science education in general has evolved in many ways, and the CC 2001 recommendations have played an influential role in that evolution. This panel reviews developments in integrating discrete mathematics into the computer science curriculum since CC 2001, how those developments have been influenced by the centrality of discrete math in the CC 2001 core, and how the role of math in computer science curricula may continue to develop in the future. The panel will address both the influence CC 2001’s discrete math recommendation has had on curricular changes to computer science courses, and what changes have taken place in the discrete math courses themselves. The panel format will consist of… ˜ A 5 minute introduction by the moderator ˜ 10 minute presentations by each panelist, each describing a specific development with which that panelist has been involved, discussing its relationship to CC 2001, and outlining what it bodes for the future ˜ 30 minutes for discussion between the audience and panel. Suggested topics for discussion include (in addition, of course, to anything that the audience wishes to introduce) the role of mathematics in computer science, whether math’s actual place in computer science curricula has changed since the publication of CC 2001, and if so how. A questionnaire handed out to audience members as they enter the panel session will help them start thinking about these issues.
Study of the Stick-Slip Transition of Newton’s Cradle With Friction

This work uses a new discrete approach to analyze the stick-slip transition of Newton’s cradle with frictional contact. The consideration of friction here leads to a simultaneous, multiple point, indeterminate collision. This work strictly adheres to the assumptions of rigid body modeling in conjunction with the notion that the configuration of the system are constant in the short time span of the collision, which enforces a kinematic relationship between the impact points. The post-impact velocities are determined by using the work-energy relationship of a collision and an energetic coefficient of restitution (ECOR) to model energy dissipation. A three and six degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of the system is considered in this work to examine the stick-slip transition and simulate the post-impact behavior. Simulations are conducted for each model using different coefficients of friction (COFs). The results obtained are compared to theoretical and experimental results reported in other works.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Crystal Structures for the Electron Donor Dibenzotetrathiafulavalene, DBTTF, and Its Mixed-stack Charge-transfer Salts with the Electron Acceptors 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, TCNQ, and 2,5-difluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, 2,5-TCNQF2

Crystal structures for the electron donor DBTTF and its charge-transfer salts with the acceptors TCNQ and 2,5-TCNQF2 are reported. Crystal data for the three systems are as follows: (a) neutral DBT...
Toward real-time bent-ray breast ultrasound tomography using GPUs

Breast ultrasound tomography is a promising imaging modality that has the potential to improve the diagnosis and screening of breast cancer. We develop a bent-ray ultrasound tomography algorithm to reconstruct sound-speed images of the breast. We investigate the acceleration of the algorithm using graphical processing units (GPUs). We adapt the algorithmic steps of ultrasound bent-ray tomography to a GPU cluster, and use multi-GPU scaling to speed up the computation. Our results show that it is very promising to use a GPU cluster with multiple GPU cards to achieve nearly real-time tomographic reconstruction.
Primitive pineal tumor with retinoblastomatous and retinal/ciliary epithelial differentiation: an immunohistochemical study.

A one year old boy was found to have a large tumor encompassing the pineal region and extending towards the third and lateral ventricles and quadrigeminal plate. The tumor was composed mostly of small, undifferentiated cells. Some small cells were arranged in Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes and a few displayed fleurettes. The tumor contained immature cartilage and skeletal muscle and numerous clusters of pigmented epithelial-like cells which, histologically, resembled those found in melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy (retinal anlage tumors) and retinal or ciliary epithelium. Immunologic stains demonstrated neurofilaments, synaptophysin and retinal S-antigen in some of the small cells and transthyretin in some of the epithelial-like cells. The findings indicate that certain primary pineal parenchymal tumors have features in common with tumors of the ocular medullary epithelium.
Intraoperative ultrasound to stereocamera registration using interventional photoacoustic imaging

There are approximately 6000 hospitals in the United States, of which approximately 5400 employ minimally invasive surgical robots for a variety of procedures. Furthermore, 95% of these robots require extensive registration before they can be fitted into the operating room. These "registrations" are performed by surgical navigation systems, which allow the surgical tools, the robot and the surgeon to be synchronized together-hence operating in concert. The most common surgical navigation modalities include: electromagnetic (EM) tracking and optical tracking. Currently, these navigation systems are large, intrusive, come with a steep learning curve, require sacrifices on the part of the attending medical staff, and are quite expensive (since they require several components). Recently, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has become a practical and promising new medical imaging technology. PA imaging only requires the minimal equipment standard with most modern ultrasound (US) imaging systems as well as a common laser source. In this paper, we demonstrate that given a PA imaging system, as well as a stereocamera (SC), the registration between the US image of a particular anatomy and the SC image of the same anatomy can be obtained with reliable accuracy. In our experiments, we collected data for N = 80 trials of sample 3D US and SC coordinates. We then computed the registration between the SC and the US coordinates. Upon validation, the mean error and standard deviation between the predicted sample coordinates and the corresponding ground truth coordinates were found to be 3.33 mm and 2.20 mm respectively.
Selective reduction of isoxazoles with samarium diiodide

Abstract Samarium diiodide is an efficient reagent for the reductive cleavage of the ON bond of isoxazoles. Olefins, esters, and acetals are stable to the reaction conditions, benzylic halides and aldehydes are not.
Structural and membrane binding properties of the Prickle PET domain

The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is required for fetal tissue morphogenesis as well as for maintenance of adult tissues in animals as diverse as fruit flies and mice. One of the key members of this pathway is Prickle (Pk), a protein that regulates cell movement through its association with the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein. Pk presents three LIM domains and a PET domain of unknown structure and function. Both the PET and LIM domains control membrane targeting of Dsh, which is necessary for Dsh function in the PCP pathway. Here, we show that the PET domain is monomeric and presents a nonglobular conformation with some properties of intrinsically disordered proteins. The PET domain adopts a helical conformation in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluorethanol (TFE), a solvent known to stabilize hydrogen bonds within the polypeptide backbone, as analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we found that the conserved and single tryptophan residue in PET, Trp 536, moves to a more hydrophobic environment when accompanied with membrane penetration and that the protein becomes more helical in the presence of lipid micelles. The presence of LIM domains, downstream of PET, increases protein folding, thermostability, and tolerance to limited proteolysis. In addition, pull-down and tryptophan fluorescence analyses suggest that the LIM domains physically interact to and regulate membrane penetration of the PET domain. The findings reported here favor a model where the PET domain is engaged in Pk membrane insertion, whereas the LIM domains modulate this function.
Impaired Muscle AMPK Activation in the Metabolic Syndrome May Attenuate Improved Insulin Action after Exercise Training

Lower activation of muscle AMPK after resistance exercise training in the metabolic syndrome may be due to higher activation of mammalian target of rapamycin.
Neoplastic diathesis of patients with carcinoid. Report of a case with four other neoplasms.

A patient with malignant carcinoid tumor of the ileum and a prior primary carcinoma of the cervix later developed primary adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon, an adenomatous duodenal polyp, and two gastric leiomyomas. The duodenal polyp contained neoplastic Paneth cells. The frequency of carcinoid tumors coupled with other primary malignancies (about one third), especially of the G.I. tract, may reflect ah enhanced susceptibility to cancer in carcinoid patients.
Leon Walras: The Pure Scientist Versus the Social Reformer

As in the case of Karl Marx where the scientist (thinker in equilibrium terms) must be separated from the revolutionary (man of action, thinker in disequilibrium terms), this article, using the same equilibrium versus disequilibrium approach, advances the thesis that there are also two Walrases — the pure scientist (theoretician) and the social reformer (a man of action). There is sufficient evidence to accept the hypothesis of two Walrases and this in turn helps to explain a number of ideas which otherwise appear as contradictions.
Migration by phase shift—An algorithmic description for array processors

The phase shift method (Gazdag, 1978) is based on the solution, in the frequency domain, of an approximation (Claerbout, 1976) to the one‐way wave equation with initial conditions defined by a zero‐offset seismic section. Wave velocity is assumed to be constant within each layer of the section grid and is allowed to vary from layer to layer. Under these conditions, the equation written in the frequency domain reduces to a system of independent ordinary differential equations with initial values that can be solved analytically for each layer. The integration process simply amounts to multiplying the initial values by a complex number of unit modulus. The main advantages of this method are simplicity, stability, and high accuracy, since the precision of the Fourier approximation is limited only by the granularity of the seismic section. From a practical viewpoint of computer implementation, the phase shift method offers a great deal of flexibility. Some accuracy can be traded for speed, as needed, by exclud...
Forecasting Tournaments Tools for Increasing Transparency and Improving the Quality of Debate

Forecasting tournaments are level-playing-field competitions that reveal which individuals, teams, or algorithms generate more accurate probability estimates on which topics. This article describes a massive geopolitical tournament that tested clashing views on the feasibility of improving judgmental accuracy and on the best methods of doing so. The tournament’s winner, the Good Judgment Project, outperformed the simple average of the crowd by (a) designing new forms of cognitive-debiasing training, (b) incentivizing rigorous thinking in teams and prediction markets, (c) skimming top talent into elite collaborative teams of “super forecasters,” and (d) fine-tuning aggregation algorithms for distilling greater wisdom from crowds. Tournaments have the potential to open closed minds and increase assertion-to-evidence ratios in polarized scientific and policy debates.
JOINTLY ESTIMATED CROSS-SECTIONAL MODE CHOICE MODELS: SPECIFICATION AND FORECAST PERFORMANCE

This paper investigates a number of issues associated with jointly estimating disaggregate logit mode choice models for two periods using data collected at two points in time in independent cross-sectional travel surveys in a given urban area. These include: (1) the effect socio-economic characteristics of travelers have on the predictive and forecast performance of jointly estimated models; and (2) the effect of allowing the variance of the random utilities in the different time periods to differ and, more broadly, the impact transfer-bias scale parameters could have on joint-model predictive performance. The results show that well-specified jointly estimated models using data from two time periods yield comparable disaggregate and aggregate forecasts to those obtained from conventional forecasting models, estimated with data from a single cross-sectional survey. Socio-economic variables and transfer-bias scale parameters are found to enhance model fit to estimation data as well as precision of predictions. The shorter the intervening period between when the two cross-sectional data sets used in joint estimation are collected. the better the jointly estimated models are able to predict the travel choices in each of the survey years.
AKI Is Around the World but Public Recognition Is Lacking

The interest in AKI by nephrologists and critical care physicians, from pathogenesis to therapy, has never been higher. Numerous epidemiologic, clinical, and basic science studies have zeroed in on what is today a leading cause of hospital morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, this is not true for
Global-routing driven placement strategy in analog VLSI physical designs

The potential problems of the conventionally separate placement and global routing cannot be negligible for the analog integrated circuits, which often involve complex constraints. This paper presents a novel two-stage placement technique to solve the analog macro-cell placement problem. The entire placement procedure is divided into global placement and detailed placement stages. During the global placement, a hybrid genetic placement approach using a half-perimeter wire-length estimator is employed. It performs a rough but quick search to locate the region of the optimum. In the detailed placement, a very fast simulated re-annealing placement approach and a minimum-Steiner-tree based global routing are executed simultaneously. In this way, the optimum can be found by searching relatively small region. The experiments show the proposed algorithm can generate higher quality layouts than the conventional approaches
Reduced microtubule acetylation in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells

Dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) leads to many cellular consequences, including perinuclear accumulation of free cholesterol due to impaired endosomal transp...
Diagnosing Learning Motivation of Marketing Students: An Approach Based on Expectancy Theory

Expectancy-valence models were used to predict the effort and performance of marketing students. Expectancy theory maintains that effort is related to the degree to which behavior is viewed as lead...
Observations concerning the quinol oxidation site of the cytochrome bc1 complex.

A direct hydrogen bond between ubiquinone/quinol bound at the QO site and a cluster-ligand histidine of the iron-sulfur protein (ISP) is described as a major determining factor explaining much experimental data on position of the ISP ectodomain, EPR lineshape and midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur cluster, and the mechanism of the bifurcated electron transfer from ubiquinol to the high and low potential chains of the bc1 complex.
Resonance enhancement of two-photon absorption in porphyrins

Summary form only given. The goal of this paper is, first, to present the two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra in absolute cross section values (/spl sigma//sub 2/) for a number of porphyrins with gradually varying optical properties, and, second, to show that the TPA efficiency of these molecules can be resonantly enhanced in near-IR region. TPA spectra were obtained by tuning an optical parametric amplifier.
Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns in wastewater at municipal water treatment plants in two California cities

Aim: To determine Salmonella enterica serovars and antibiotic resistance (ABR) in the human waste stream. Methods and Results: Sampling of influent wastewater at municipal treatment plants in two California cities was performed by collecting composite samples, over a 24-h period, from the treatment plants on five to six occasions. Serial water quantities were filtered and cultured with a Salmonella selective method and an oxytetracycline-supplemented Salmonella selective method. Antibiotic susceptibilities to 12 antibiotics were determined and the isolates were grouped based on ABR patterns. From 983 S. enterica isolated, 102 represented unique sampling-serovar-ABR patterns. Thirty-five different serovars were identified to be distributed over 17 different ABR patterns. The serovar distribution differed between the sampling sites, whereas there was no significant trend in levels of multiple ABR. Conclusions: Salmonella enterica was recovered with ease from small sample volumes of wastewater received by municipal water treatment plants. A large variety of serovars and ABR profiles were represented in the recovered Salmonella. Significance and Impact of the Study: The ease of sampling and recovery of Salmonella from municipal wastewater from treatment plants makes it a valuable sampling approach for monitoring the presence of Salmonella in the human population.
Scanning tunnelling microscopy in biotechnology

The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) is capable of atomic resolution of highly conductive materials. Whether biological molecules can be visualized to the same extent remains an open question, but remarkable progress in the past year confirms the possibility of seeing the fine structure of nucleic acids, proteins, membranes and viruses, and provides evidence that their dynamic interactions can be monitored under conditions approximating to those of the native environment.
Age-associated changes in the frequency of naïve, memory and effector CD8+ T cells.

We investigated age-associated changes in the frequency of CD8+ T cell subsets with different functions. Based on expression of CD45RA and CCR7, naive (CD45RA+ CCR7+), central memory (CM, CD45RA- CCR7+), effector memory (EM, CD45RA- CCR7-) and effector (CD45RA+ CCR7-) CD8+ T cells were identified in peripheral blood from healthy young (n = 17) and elderly (n = 17) people using flow cytometry. The elderly had a decreased frequency of naive and an increased frequency of EM and effector CD8+ T cells compared to the young. However, both groups had a similar frequency of CM cells. These findings suggest that age-associated changes in CD8+ T cell subsets occur, which could be a potential explanation for altered CD8+ T cell function in the elderly.
Lack of Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Y -Linked Sperm Flagellar Dynein Gene Dhc-Yh3 of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

We studied levels of intra- and interspecific nucleotide variation associated with a Y-linked gene in five members of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Using published sequence for 348 bp of the Dhc-Yh3 gene, and degenerate PCR primers designed from comparisons of the sea urchin and Chlamydomonas flagellar dynein genes, we recovered a 1738-bp region in D. melanogaster. Analyses of sequence variation in a worldwide collection of 11 lines of D. melanogaster and 10 lines of D. simulans found only a single silent polymorphism in the latter species. The synonymous site divergence per site for Dhc-Yh3 is comparable to values for X and autosomal genes. Assuming a Wright-Fisher population model, the lack of variation is statistically less than expected using appropriately reduced estimates of theta from the X and autosomes. Because the Y chromosome encodes only six known genes, genetic hitchhiking associated with background selection is unlikely to explain this low variation. Conversely, adaptive hitchhiking, as associated with sex-ratio chromosomes, or a large variance in male fertility may reduce the polymorphism on the Y chromosome. Codon bias is very low, as seen for other genes in regions of low recombination.
The emerging role of lymphadenectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Withinthelastdecade,therehasbeenanincreased focus on the utility of lymphadenectomy or lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). UTUC is generally defined as urothelial carcinoma originating from the renal collecting system, renal pelvis, or ureter. Partofthisexcitementsurroundingtheissuestems from the abundant and growing literature about the importance of LND in other genitourinary (GU) malignancies, such as bladder cancer, testicular cancer, and penile cancer. However, although the data with regards to LND in UTUC are sparse, investigators are beginning to evaluate the role and define the anatomy to understand how LND may ultimately affect outcomes in patients with UTUC. This article will review the history of LND for UTUC, outline the relative anatomy, and evaluate the arguments and the evidence for, and against, LND in patients with UTUC. UTUC is a relatively rare site of urothelial cancer, with an incidence of approximately 3500 cases per year, compared with 70,000 cases of urothelial bladder cancer in the United States. 1 This relative rarity has made it difficult to study, and although it may share a histologic origin with bladder cancer, it has some unique features with regards to anatomy, lymph drainage patterns, and etiologic causes that have demanded study in its own right. These differences also prevent blind extrapolation from what is known in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder to UTUC. Nevertheless, LND in patients with UTUC is becoming increasingly important. Large urologic organizations that made no mention of LND in UTUC just 7 years ago 2 now recommend its consideration for all patients with UTUC, although they acknowledge that the evidence is lacking. 3 The application of LND in patients with UTUC is by no means universal. Among 13 large tertiary, referral, academic medical centers around the world, close to 50% of patients with UTUC will not get an LND. 4 Furthermore, in the United States,
More than a Mural: The Intersection of Public Art, Immigrant Youth, and Human Rights

“….What makes somebody an American is not just blood or birth, but allegiance to our founding principles and the faith in the idea that anyone from anywhere can write the next great chapter of our story.” -U.S. President Barack Obama, January 2013 I am most interested in exploring the idea of the construction of global citizenship and engagement around human rights education of young immigrant youth through the arts, particularly public art in the form of muralism. I will use some of the work of Art and Resistance Through Education (ARTE), an organization that engages young people around human rights through the arts, as a case study. Some questions that may be explored include: How can educators break down unfamiliar human rights jargon and demonstrate the relevance of human rights on both a local and global level to young immigrant youth? How can young people be galvanized into exploring the human rights of their home countries and the countries they have immigrated to, utilizing the arts? How can art be used to cultivate global understanding and human rights education among young people, most specifically through public art? In efforts for communities to construct more democratic public spaces, one often finds that these spaces manifest themselves as murals or similar forms of public art. What are more creative ways of building a more democratic form of community art? What are more creative ways for young immigrant youth to develop a sense of belonging through the arts? Overall, this proposal seeks to explore the intersection between public art, human rights education/global competency, and immigrant youth empowerment. The proposal will discuss the involvement of immigrant youth, predominately from Latin America, in various art projects, as they explore their own sense of identity and belonging in New York City.
Ryan Williams: A New Lower Bound

The main complexity lower and upper bound frontiers seem to be moved only once a decade lately, and Ryan Williams kicked off this decade by proving a new lower bound against Boolean circuits with modular counting. This chapter surveys his proof strategy and why he was able to break through a twenty-year barrier.
A Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for Chickenpox in Normal Children

Abstract Background. Chickenpox, the primary infection caused by the Varicella Zoster virus, affects more than 3 million children a year in the United States. Although usually self-limited, chickenpox can cause prolonged discomfort and is associated with infrequent but serious complications. Methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of acyclovir for the treatment of chickenpox, we conducted a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 815 healthy children 2 to 12 years old who contracted chickenpox. Treatment with acyclovir was begun within the first 24 hours of rash and was administered orally in a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight four times daily for five days. Results. The children treated with acyclovir had fewer varicella lesions than those given placebo (mean number, 294 vs. 347; P<0.001), and a smaller proportion of them had more than 500 lesions (21 percent, as compared with 38 percent with placebo; P<0.001). In over 95 percent of the recipients of acyclovir no new lesion...
PNNU: Parallel Nearest-Neighbor Units for Learned Dictionaries

We present a novel parallel approach, parallel nearest neighbor unit PNNU, for finding the nearest member in a learned dictionary of high-dimensional features. This is a computation fundamental to machine learning and data analytics algorithms such as sparse coding for feature extraction. PNNU achieves high performance by using three techniques: 1 PNNU employs a novel fast table look up scheme to identify a small number of atoms as candidates from which the nearest neighbor of a query data vector can be found; 2 PNNU reduces computation cost by working with candidate atoms of reduced dimensionality; and 3 PNNU performs computations in parallel over multiple cores with low inter-core communication overheads. Based on efficient computation via techniques 1 and 2, technique 3 attains further speed up via parallel processing. We have implemented PNNU on multi-core machines. We demonstrate its superior performance on three application tasks in signal processing and computer vision. For an action recognition task, PNNU achieves 41x overall performance gains on a 16-core compute server against a conventional serial implementation of nearest neighbor computation. Our PNNU software is available online as open source.
Influence of forage level on passage rate, digestibility and performance of cattle.

Two trials (feedlot and metabolism) were conducted to evaluate the influence of level of chopped tall fescue hay (FH) in high concentrate diets on average daily gain (ADG), liquid and particulate passage rates, digestibility and in situ digestibility of corn. In the feedlot trial, 36 Hereford steers were fed diets containing 15, 30 and 50% FH in combination with 74, 59 and 39% whole shelled corn (WSC) and a soybean meal supplement. Steers offered 15, 30 and 50% FH consumed 9.0, 9.0 and 7.6 kg dry matter (DM) per d; gained 1.19, .89 and .67 kg; and had DM to gain ratios of 7.6, 10.1 and 11.5, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between fecal pH and ADG (r = -.52) and between fecal pH and fecal starch (r = -.40). In a 4 X 4 Latin-square trial, four cannulated steers were fed 4, 8, 16 or 24% FH in combination with 86, 82, 74 or 66% WSC and a soybean meal supplement. After 14 d of adaptation, steers were offered ytterbium (Yb)-labelled WSC and were ruminally pulse-dosed with chromium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA) on the first day of the collection period. Steers fed 4, 8, 16 or 24% FH had the following particulate passage rates: 2.3, 2.7, 2.7 and 2.9%/h from fecal analyses; 2.3, 1.7, 2.4 and 2.8%/h from ruminal analyses; 6.0, 5.3, 6.3 and 8.1%/h for liquid, respectively. With increasing FH level, liquid passage rate exhibited linear and quadratic effects (P less than .05), while particulate passage rate (rumen sampling) showed linear and cubic effects (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)