cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LISA laser noise cancellation test using time-delayed interferometry

ABSTRACT The Laser-Interferometer-Space-Antenna (LISA) is a space-based interferometer with arm lengths of 5*10 9 m. Its designgoal is to measure gravitational waves with a strain sensitivity of 10 -23 at 10 mHz (for SNR=5 and 1 year integration).Unlike in earth-based interferometers the arm lengths can differ by up to 2% or 10 8 m. For that reason frequency noise inthe ~1 m laser will not cancel in the direct interference signal. A laser locked to a ULE reference cavity (CTE~3*10 -8 / o K) in a 1 o K/ Hz environment will have about 10 Hz/ Hz frequency noise. The LISA sensitivity goal requires for thelaser noise of less than 10 -5 Hz/ Hz, about a factor 10 -6 below what has been achieved (1) . Cancellation of laser frequencynoise can be achieved by time-delayed-interferometry (TDI) (2,3) . We describe a laboratory test of TDI with an unequalarm interferometer. The intent is to ascertain the performance limitations and proof-of-concept for 6 orders of magnitudefrequency noise suppression.Keywords: LISA, time-delayed interferometry, gravitational wave detector, laser frequency stability
Differential induction and decay of manganese superoxide dismutase mRNAs

Abstract Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is encoded by two mRNAs of 4 and 1 kb, respectively. These mRNAs are transcribed from the same gene and have an identical coding sequence, but differ in the 3′ untranslated sequence because of alternate polyadenylation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) induced both 4- and 1-kb mRNAs in all the human cell lines examined. However, the relative expression of these mRNAs varied significantly among different cell lines after an 8-h treatment with TNF. Therefore, the time course of induction by TNF and the decay of MnSOD mRNAs after TNF removal were analyzed. The rate of accumulation of the 4-kb mRNA was initially much greater than that of the 1-kb mRNA, suggesting that the 4-kb mRNA was produced faster than the -kb mRNA. The rapid accumulation of the 4-kb mRNA was offset after a few hours by an enhanced rate of decay. The half-life of the 4-kb mRNA was ∼2−4 h in different cells while that of the 1-kb mRNA was ∼10−12 h. This different half-life of mRNAs that encode the same protein suggests that their relative expression is also regulated by a post-transcriptional mechanism affecting their turnover. Additional evidence supporting the differential decay of the two MnSOD mRNAs was obtained by incubation in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system; the 4-kb mRNA decayed rapidly while the 1-kb mRNA appeared to be stable.
Wavefront and caustic surfaces of refractive laser beam shaper

The wavefront and caustic surfaces of a refractive, aspheric laser beam shaper in its Keplerian configuration have been evaluated for a Gaussian to a flattened Lorentzian beam transform. The generalized ray tracing formalism of geometrical optics has been used to evaluate the principal curvatures of the refracted wavefront from the first aspheric lens. The caustic surfaces are the loci of the centers of curvature of the wavefront. Characteristics of the wavefront and caustics provide insight and understanding to how the irradiance redistribution evolves.
Effect of ions on the dielectric relaxation of DNA

The dielectric relaxation of DNA solutions has been investigated with and without extraneous ions covering a wide frequency range. The effect of monovalent ions such as Na, K, and Li as well as divalent ions such as Mg, Ca, and Hg have been included in the study. These ions are found to have a profound effect on the dielectric increment and the relaxation time without affecting the molecular dimension drastically. This dielectric effect is interpreted as indicating the importance of counterion fluctuation on the low frequency dielectric constant of DNA in solution. The effect of an organic ion, tetra-methylammoniun bromide, has also been studied. This ion has no noticeable effect. A simple theory is derived on the basis of a microscopic model to account for the effect of external ions on the dielectric behavior of solutions of DNA.
Compact circuit modeling of RF characteristics of 1-D nanostructures

A method to extract compact circuit models for one-dimensional nanostructures from measured high-frequency characteristics is described. We demonstrate that a frequency-independent parallel RC circuit is the simplest model that accurately describes high-frequency electrical conduction in carbon nanofibers. The resistance is determined from dc measurement and the capacitance is extracted directly from measured S-parameters for a ground-signal-ground test structure, without using any fitting parameter. The results obtained from the circuit model for carbon nanofibers are within ± 0.5 dB and ± 5° of measured S-parameters up to 50 GHz. The model is further justified by examining the relationship between S and Y-parameters of the test network.
Knot Homology and Refined Chern–Simons Index

We formulate a refinement of SU(N) Chern–Simons theory on a three-manifold M via an index in the (2, 0) theory on N M5 branes. The refined Chern–Simons theory is defined on any M with a semi-free circle action. We give an explicit solution of the theory, in terms of a one-parameter refinement of the S and T matrices of Chern–Simons theory, related to the theory of Macdonald polynomials. The ordinary and refined Chern–Simons theory are similar in many ways; for example, the Verlinde formula holds in both. Refined Chern–Simons theory gives rise to new topological invariants of Seifert three-manifolds and torus knots inside them. We conjecture that the invariants are certain indices on knot homology groups. For torus knots in S3 colored by fundamental representation, the index equals the Poincare polynomials of the knot homology theory categorifying the HOMFLY polynomial. As a byproduct, we show that our theory on S3 has a large-N dual which is the refined topological string on \({X=\mathcal{O}(-1) \oplus \mathcal{O}(-1) \rightarrow {\rm I\!P}^1}\) ; this supports the conjecture by Gukov, Schwarz and Vafa relating the spectrum of BPS states on X to SLN knot homology. We also provide a matrix model description of some amplitudes of the refined Chern–Simons theory on S3.
On the Division of Short-Term and Working Memory: An Examination of Simple and Complex Span and Their Relation to Higher Order Abilities.

Research has suggested that short-term memory and working memory (as measured by simple and complex span tasks, respectively) are separate constructs that are differentially related to higher order cognitive abilities. This claim is critically evaluated by reviewing research that has compared simple and complex span tasks in both experimental and correlational studies. In addition, a meta-analysis and re-analyses of key data sets were conducted. The review and analyses suggest that simple and complex span tasks largely measure the same basic subcomponent processes (e.g., rehearsal, maintenance, updating, controlled search) but differ in the extent to which these processes operate in a particular task. These differences largely depend on the extent to which phonological processes are maximized and variability from long list lengths is present. Potential methodological, psychometric, and assessment implications are discussed and a theoretical account of the data is proposed.
Impacts of Social Network Structure on Knowledge Sharing in Open Source Software Development Teams

The study exa mine s the relationship between social network structure and knowledge sharing in Open Source Software (OSS) development teams . One hundred and fifty projects were selected from SourceForge.net using stratified sampling. Social network structure was measure d by two indices: degree of centralization and core/periphery fitness. Knowledge sharing was measured from two aspects: the quality of knowledge sharing that is indicated by the helpfulness of messages and the quantity of knowledge sharing that is indicate d by the number of messages. The results show that social network structure significant ly affects the quantity of knowledge sharin g. H owever , social network structure does not influence the quality of knowledge sharing . In addition to the contribution to OSS literature, the results of this study also inform OSS practice.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF QUERCETIN IN BUCKWHEAT: PART III

Various C14-labelled compounds were administered to Fagopyrum tataricum. After allowing 24 hours for metabolism the quercetin was isolated and degraded, by a modified alkaline fusion, into phlorogl...
Vein graft surveillance with scanhead tracking duplex ultrasound imaging: a preliminary report

A severe arterial occlusion in the leg usually is bypassed by implanting a saphenous vein harvested from the limb. Once implanted, the vein functions well but over time may develop stenoses that may lead to occlusion. In order to detect and correct the stenoses that may lead to graft failure, frequent surveillance of the vein graft is required. A new ultrasound imaging method was developed to display the panoramic view of the vein graft in combination with its blood flow velocity waveform for surveillance. The panoramic view is the projection (ray-casting) image of multiple B-mode images with sequential longitudinal view of the vein graft. The velocity waveform also is recorded along the vessel with pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The acquired images and waveforms from the ultrasound scanner are registered individually in three-dimensional space with an electromagnet-based position and orientation sensor located on the scanhead. A prominent point on the scar from the surgery is used as the fiducial mark for spatial registration, so that the same lesion in the vein graft can be tracked automatically at each visit for retrospective study.
MYOPLASMIC CALCIUM TRANSIENTS IN INTACT FROG SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS MONITORED WITH THE FLUORESCENT INDICATOR FURAPTRA

Furaptra (Raju, B., E. Murphy, L. A. Levy, R. D. Hall, and R. E. London. 1989. Am. J. Physiol. 256:C540-C548) is a "tri-carboxylate" fluorescent indicator with a chromophore group similar to that of fura- 2 (Grynkiewicz, G., M. Poenie, and R. Y. Tsien. 1985. J. Biol. Chem. 260:3440-3450). In vitro calibrations indicate that furaptra reacts with Ca2+ and Mg2+ with 1:1 stoichiometry, with dissociation constants of 44 microM and 5.3 mM, respectively (16-17 degrees C; ionic strength, 0.15 M; pH, 7.0). Thus, in a frog skeletal muscle fiber stimulated electrically, the indicator is expected to respond to the change in myoplasmic free [Ca2+] (delta[Ca2+]) with little interference from changes in myoplasmic free [Mg2+]. The apparent longitudinal diffusion constant of furaptra in myoplasm was found to be 0.68 (+/- 0.02, SEM) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 (16-16.5 degrees C), a value which suggests that about half of the indicator was bound to myoplasmic constituents of large molecular weight. Muscle membranes (surface and/or transverse-tubular) appear to have some permeability to furaptra, as the total quantity of indicator contained within a fiber decreased after injection; the average time constant of the loss was 302 (+/- 145, SEM) min. In fibers containing less than 0.5 mM furaptra and stimulated by a single action potential, the calibrated peak value of delta[Ca2+] averaged 5.1 (+/- 0.3, SEM) microM. This value is about half that reported in the preceding paper (9.4 microM; Konishi, M., and S. M. Baylor. 1991. J. Gen. Physiol. 97:245-270) for fibers injected with purpurate-diacetic acid (PDAA). The latter difference may be explained, at least in part, by the likelihood that the effective dissociation constant of furaptra for Ca2+ is larger in vivo than in vitro, owing to the binding of the indicator to myoplasmic constituents. The time course of furaptra's delta[Ca2+], with average values (+/- SEM) for time to peak and half- width of 6.3 (+/- 0.1) and 9.5 (+/- 0.4) ms, respectively, is very similar to that of delta[Ca2+] recorded with PDAA. Since furaptra's delta[Ca2+] can be recorded at a single excitation wavelength (e.g., 420 nm) with little interference from fiber intrinsic changes, movement artifacts, or delta[Mg2+], furaptra represents a useful myoplasmic Ca2+ indicator, with properties complementary to those of other available indicators.
Quantifying the Field Effect of Carcinogenesis with Low-Coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy (LEBS)

We have evaluated LEBS as a tool for detecting the field effect of carcinogenesis in 219 rectal biopsy patients and 86 duodenal biopsy patients and present several LEBS parameters that are potentially diagnostic.
“At Face Value”: age progression software provides personalised demonstration of the effects of smoking on appearance

The Task Force for Tobacco-Free Women and Girls in New York State is utilising a computer software program that provides personalised, science based illustrations of how smoking can affect facial appearance. The task force developed this program at the urging of young people who entered a 1998 essay contest in which middle and high school students were asked to submit their ideas for strategies to help girls reject tobacco. Twenty four per cent of the 2000 entrants from across the state advised that knowledge of the unattractive effects of tobacco use would deter girls from smoking. Their idea is supported by studies suggesting that self image and perception of smoker stereotype can play a role in the decision to initiate smoking.1–3 Several of the students specifically recommended the use of computer imaging. Task force members reviewed available literature on the association between smoking and premature facial wrinkling4–8 and provided parameters for customisation of the APRIL (age progression image …
A transference principle for Ramsey numbers of bounded degree graphs

We investigate Ramsey numbers of bounded degree graphs and provide an interpolation between known results on the Ramsey numbers of general bounded degree graphs and bounded degree graphs of small bandwidth. Our main theorem implies that there exists a constant c such that for every �, there existssuch that if G is a graph with maximum degree at most � having a homomorphism f into a graph H of maximum degree at most d where |f −1 (v)| ≤ �n for all v ∈ V (H), then the Ramsey number of G is at most c dlog d n. A construction of Graham, Rodl, and Rucinski shows that the statement above holds only if � ≤ (c ' ) � for some constant c ' < 1. We further study the parameterusing a density-type embedding theorem for bipartite graphs of small bandwidth. This theorem may be of independent interest.
Systems integration and collaboration in construction: A review

Rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has brought both challenges and opportunities to the construction industry. There have been significant research and development efforts on the application of systems integration and collaboration technologies in construction. This paper presents a research literature review on systems integration and collaboration in architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (AEC/FM), and discusses challenging research issues and future research opportunities.
The Importance of Species of Dasytinae (Coleoptera: Melyridae) as Pollinators in Western North America

Abstract Species of 11 families of Coleoptera are known to pollinate flowering plants. In western North America, the 300+ species of the beetle subfamily Dasytinae (Coleoptera: Melyridae) are commonly found on flowers, where adults feed on both nectar and pollen. The dense setae and pubescence of adult dasytines often trap pollen grains, which are transported to other flowers during the course of normal adult feeding. Adults of many dasytine species are abundant, and may form large feeding aggregations. A preliminary list is presented of plant species on whose flowers or pollen cones adult dasytines have been collected, based on literature records and museum specimen labels. These plant species represent 68 genera in 26 families, and include species grown as food crops and species that are important browse or forage plants for livestock and wildlife. At least two plant species, both in the family Polemoniaceae, rely predominantly on species of Dasytinae for pollination.
Stonefly duets: vibrational sexual mimicry can explain complex patterns

Stoneflies of the suborder Arctoperlaria exchange vibration signals for intersexual communication. The exchange takes the form of a duet with a male Call and female Answer. Some species and populations have three-way duets, with the male responding to the Answer with a third signal, termed Reply. We review duet descriptions of 106 species in terms of their temporal organisation and mate guarding tactics as identified by Bailey (2003), and propose a functional explanation in terms of concealment of the female for three recurrent phenomena: (1) In the case of large temporal overlap between Call and Answer, the overlapping part of the Call masks the Answer; (2) In three-way duets, the Reply mimics the female; (3) In a Call with two distinct phases, one phase mimics the female. It turns out that the Reply can be interpreted as mimicking the Answer in virtually all three-way duets. In two-way duets with a diphasic Call, the first phase typically mimics the Answer. Three-way duets with a diphasic Call are heterogeneous. Evidence for eavesdropping behaviour comes from the observation that males of the genus Zwicknia produce a Call in response to duetting sequences more often than in response to single male Call signals. We conclude with proposals for further research.
An experimental self-motion study of the Ocean Explorer AUV in controlled sea states

This paper describes a controlled self-motion study recently carried out using a small autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in a controlled environment in which regular and random waves can be generated accurately for various frequencies and heights. In this study, the AUV was one of the Florida Atlantic University's Ocean Explorer series vehicles, and the controlled environment was chosen to be the Maneuvering And Sea-Keeping (MASK) facilities located at the David Taylor Model Basin. During the entire study, 29 sets of experimental motion and wave data were collected under various wave frequencies and heights, vehicle alignment, and operating depths. Due to the wave tank constraint, the vehicle speed was restricted to be less than 1.5 m/s and the wave frequency higher than 0.3 Hz without significantly affecting the self-motion analysis. Time history and power spectral density results suggest that the roll-induced pitching response was considerably larger for the wave frequencies tested, as compared to the pitch-induced rolling response. Standard deviation results reveal that the existing OEX is capable of producing approximately 3/spl deg/ (peak-to-peak) pitch, 0.7/spl deg/ (peak-to-peak) roll, and 0.6/spl deg/ (peak-to-peak) yaw at 2-m depth in the head-sea condition when the encountering wave frequency is close to 0.4 Hz. However, at 1.5-m vehicle depth, significant surges were observed in pitching and rolling motion, suggesting that the OEX is currently unsuitable to maintain accurate depth-following within this range at sea-state 2 or higher. It is hoped that the results presented can provide better insights into how a small AUV with a nonideal body shape reacts to waves of different sea states, and how vehicle self-motion can be streamlined by choosing proper vehicle speed, heading, and depth, given that the wave characteristics are available.
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in clinical practice: implications for prognosis in advanced colorectal cancer

Background: Phase angle, determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), detects changes in tissue electrical properties and has been found to be a prognostic indicator in several chronic conditions-such as HIV, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer-and in patients receiving dialysis. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic role of phase angle in advanced colorectal cancer. Design: We evaluated a case series of 52 patients with histologically confirmed stage IV colorectal cancer. BIA was conducted on all patients and phase angle was calculated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of phase angle independent of other clinical and nutritional variables. Results: Patients with a phase angle ≤5.57 had a median survival of 8.6 mo (95% CI: 4.8, 12.4; n = 26), whereas those with a phase angle >5.57 had a median survival of 40.4 mo (95% CI: 21.9,58.8; n = 26; P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Phase angle is a prognostic indicator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Similar studies of other cancer types with larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the prognostic significance of phase angle in cancer treatment settings.
The 60th Annual Fall Conference and Scientific Sessions of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research in association with the Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease

The 60th Annual Fall Conference and Scientific Sessions of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research in association with the Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, held October 4–7, 2006, in San Antonio, Tex, was a great success. More than 500 abstracts were submitted, and the program committee selected almost 400 for presentation as oral and poster communications. The workshop held the day before the meeting was on Sex Hormones, Gender, and Hypertension, with talks ranging from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. In addition to the free communications, talks by the recipients of the Novartis, Corcoran, and Irving Page Bradley Lifetime Achievement Awards as well as special state-of-the-art lecturers all contributed to an exciting meeting covering many timely and novel aspects of hypertension research. A new exciting feature of the meeting was the revised Goldblatt Young Investigator award. Three outstanding young investigators were selected to present their work during a specific session. The awards …
Integrated variable-output switching converter with dual-loop Δ-Σ modulation for adaptive wireless powering in implantable devices

An integrated switching DC-DC power converter is proposed to implement an adaptive wireless powering scheme in implantable biomedical devices. The proposed dual-loop Δ-Σ modulation, error correction and noise shaping techniques work jointly to improve the transient response, noise suppression and line regulation performances. An observation-based double-sampling (OBDS) sensor and a double-sampling half-clock (DSHC) 1-bit A/D converter are also introduced to further increase the signal processing speed without causing any extra cost. The converter was designed with a standard 130-nm CMOS process. The fully transistor-based HSPICE simulation results demonstrate a 2.8/2.2-μs up/down tracking time to a full-range reference voltage step change. A 7.95-mV/V line regulation is achieved, when the supply voltage varies from 1.1 V to 1.5 V. With a 1.2-V supply, the maximum efficiency of 95.5% is measured at 0.9-V output voltage and 90-mW load power, while the efficiency stays above 80% over the entire 170-mW load power range.
Media design considerations for a PRML channel

The requirements placed on the recording media by the partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detection channel are examined in order to obtain optimum readback performance. It is noted that the use of a partial response (PR) data channel leads to somewhat different requirements for the recording media than are found for a conventional peak detector channel. The high transition density of current PR codes changes both the nonlinear behavior and the noise level in thin film media. Consequences of the different equalization techniques and sensor types have been explored. A by-product of the amplitude-sampling PR channel is a range of useful recording test functions which can be built into the channel and which can be used in a self-diagnostic mode. >
On Kinetically vs. Energetically Driven Growth Instabilities in Solid and Vapor Phase Epitaxy

A stress-induced kinetically-driven morphological instability is of general applicability to driven systems. The effect of stress on the reaction mobility for incorporation into the growing solid couples to stress variations along a perturbed planar growth front, resulting in amplification or decay of the perturbation depending on the sign of the stress. Experimentally we studied a model system in which stress is applied externally to a chemically pure substance, permitting us to isolate the effect of strain from any possible effects of composition, and found that the new kinetically-driven effect dominates the behavior for solid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG) of Si(001). A linear stability analysis of a sinusoidally perturbed planar growth front, incorporating both the kinetically and the energetically driven effects, has been performed. Stability maps are developed, indicating parameter ranges under which the morphological evolution is dominated by the energetically-driven instability, the kinetically-driven instability, and the kinetically-driven stabilization. Numerical values of the key dimensionless parameters for SPEG and for SiGe/Si(001) Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) are very similar in cases where they are known, indicating that the kinetically-driven effect may be important in determining morphological evolution related to quantum dot formation in MBE as well
Relaxor ferroelectric materials

The authors review relaxor ferroelectrics and associated phenomena. It is noted that the anomalously large dielectric constants (K) of relaxor ferroelectrics make them ideal for multilayer capacitors, electrostrictive actuators, and E-field-induced piezoelectrics for low-frequency sonar and high-frequency biomedical transducers. The presence of morphotropic phase boundaries in various solid solutions gives rise to a new family of high-K piezoelectrics. Microstructurally, relaxors offer less grain size dependency than normal PZTs, allowing finer scale devices. Commonalities in dielectric and related behavior of relaxors suggest an interrelationship of the underlying intrinsic phenomena of these so-called nanocomposites. >
Pregnancy as an Event With Crisis Potential for Marital Partners: A Study of Interpersonal Needs

To identify possible components of marital disequilibrium during pregnancy that could lead to a material crisis, the components of interpersonal relationships between marital partners were investigated by means of the FIRO-B test of interpersonal needs. It was found that there was a large discrepancy between husbands' and wives' scores on this test in the areas of affection and inclusion. This indicated a degree of incompatibility between them in these areas. It was theorized that this component of incompatibility could play a salient role in leading to disequilibrium, Suggestions were made on how to deal with this potential trouble urea, especially in childbirth preparation classes.
The Eurozone's 'Winner-Take-All' Political Economy: Institutional Choices, Widening Inequality, and Returning North-South Gap

This paper offers an institutional explanation for the conflicting trends in inequality both across the Eurozone and within individual EMU member states since the late 1990s. The paper argues that the introduction of the euro created fundamentally different economic policy incentives for peripheral (or ‘mixed market economy’ MME) and core (or ‘coordinated market economy’ CME) member states. Firstly, the institutional design of the euro was a political choice biased in favor of deflationary policies in times of crisis, disproportionately benefiting creditors and capital owners, and leading to falling incomes and higher unemployment in the periphery. Secondly, the institutional incentives of the single currency are the opposite for Northern and export-driven CMEs and Southern demand-led MMEs during economic booms and downturns and respectively.Between 1998 and 2008, lower interest in the poorer MMEs fueled faster growth, increasing wages and lowering returns to capital, which resulted in falling income inequality in the South, while the only way for the richer CMEs to remain competitive within EMU was to practice relative wage restraint and enact structural reforms, leading to lower wages and higher returns to capital, and therefore rising income inequality in the North. The natural result during these ‘normal’ times was relative economic convergence between the Eurozone member states, both in GDP per capita and in overall levels of income inequality. Between 2008 and 2013, however, MMEs had no choice but to respond to the euro crisis by a series of deflationary spending, price and wage cuts. These policies resulted in deep and long recessions, as well as widening income inequality. The CMEs had the choice to respond to the crisis by instituting moderately inflationary policies domestically, which led to increasing wages and a lower return to capital, causing declining levels in domestic inequality. The logical outcome of the euro crisis was to bring about renewed divergence between its member states, both in GDP per capita, and in national levels of inequality. This ‘winner-take-all, loser-pay-all’ outcome in the Eurozone – where the richer countries gained at the expense of the poorer ones, while at the same time widening domestic inequality in the periphery – was the result of political choices in government policy which favored capital over labor, reflecting the decline of the importance of national electoral politics within EMU as well as the increased importance of organized financial interests in Brussels.
Altered regulation of miR-34a and miR-483-3p in alcoholic hepatitis and DDC fed mice

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. Deregulation of miRNAs is shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDBs) are prevalent in various liver diseases including alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and are formed in mice livers by feeding DDC. By comparing AH livers where MDBs had formed with normal livers, there were significant changes of miR-34a and miR-483-3p by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses. Real-time PCR further shows a 3- and 6-fold upregulation (respectively) of miR-34a in the AH livers and in the livers of DDC re-fed mice, while miR-483-3p was significantly downregulated in AH and DDC re-fed mice livers. This indicates that miR-34a and miR-483-3p may be crucial for liver MDB formation. P53 mRNA was found to be significantly downregulated both in the AH livers and in the livers of DDC re-fed mice, indicating that the upregulation of miR-34a is permitted by the decrease of p53 in AH since miR-34a is a main target of p53. Overexpression of miR-34a leads to an increase of p53 targets such as p27, which inhibits the cell cycle leading to cell cycle arrest. Importantly, BRCA1 is a target gene of miR-483-3p by RNA-Seq analyses and the downregulation of miR-483-3p may be the mechanism for liver MDB formation since the BRCA1 signal was markedly upregulated in AH livers. These results constitute a demonstration of the altered regulation of miR-34a and miR-483-3p in the livers of AH and mice fed DDC where MDBs formed, providing further insight into the mechanism of MDB formation mediated by miR-34a and miR-483-3p in AH.
Social Ethics as a Resource in Constitutional Adjudication

This paper is an invitation to ethicists to join with lawyers in a new collaborative enterprise, namely the day-to-day work of Constitutional litigation, actively participating in the litigation process. It explores the need for two tasks to be carried out: (1) the need for ethicists to focus on the ethical nature of the adjudicatory task and evaluate decisions based on ethics and (2) the need for ethicists to actively collaborate with lawyers in cases involving rights-based Constitutional claims. The author argues that Constitutional adjudication in human rights cases is a form of ethical discourse. Judicial tasks need to be carried out with an appreciation of this phenomenon as an expression of the intersection and interaction of law and religion.
Detection of Gestures Associated With Medication Adherence Using Smartwatch-Based Inertial Sensors

Poor adherence to prescription medication can compromise treatment effectiveness and cost the billions of dollars in unnecessary health care expenses. Though various interventions have been proposed for estimating adherence rates, few have been shown to be effective. Digital systems are capable of estimating adherence without extensive user involvement and can potentially provide higher accuracy with lower user burden than manual methods. In this paper, we propose a smartwatch-based system for detecting several motions that may be predictors of medication adherence, using built-in triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes. The efficacy of the proposed technique is confirmed through a survey of medication ingestion habits and experimental results on movement classification.
Irradiation-enhanced α′ precipitation in model FeCrAl alloys

Abstract Model FeCrAl alloys with varying compositions (Fe(10–18)Cr(10–6)Al at.%) have been neutron irradiated at ~ 320 to damage levels of ~ 7 displacements per atom (dpa) to investigate the compositional influence on the formation of irradiation-induced Cr-rich α′ precipitates using atom probe tomography. In all alloys, significant number densities of these precipitates were observed. Cluster compositions were investigated and it was found that the average cluster Cr content ranged between 51.1 and 62.5 at.% dependent on initial compositions. This is significantly lower than the Cr-content of α′ in binary FeCr alloys. Significant partitioning of the Al from the α′ precipitates was also observed.
Growth Of New York Physician Participation In Meaningful Use Of Electronic Health Records Was Variable, 2011–12

The federal government has invested $30 billion to promote the adoption and use of electronic health records (EHRs) through the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs. However, the associations between the characteristics of physicians, practices, and markets and the patterns of provider participation in ongoing federal meaningful-use incentive programs over time have been largely unexplored. In this article we describe the participation of New York physicians during the first two years of the meaningful-use initiative. We examined longitudinal patterns to identify characteristics associated with nonparticipation, late adoption of EHRs, noncontinuous participation, and switching programs. We found that 8.1 percent of 26,368 New York physicians participated in the Medicare incentive program in 2011, and 6.1 percent participated in the Medicaid program. Physician participation in the programs grew to 23.9 percent and 8.5 percent, respectively, in 2012. Many physicians in the Medicaid incentive program...
Size and Morphology of Suspended WO 3 Particles Control Photochemical Charge Carrier Extraction and Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity

Tungsten(VI) oxide (WO3) is a robust n-type semiconductor with a 2.7 eV bandgap and proven activity for photoanodic water oxidation in the context of tandem water splitting photocatalysis. Here we present a systematic investigation of three types of WO3 particles to determine the influence of particle size and morphology on photocatalytic oxygen evolution, optical properties, energetics, and photocurrent generation. Nanodots (32 ± 16 nm), nanoplates (476 ± 98 nm by 58 ± 16 nm), and WO3 microcrystals (~2 μm) for the study were synthesized by calcination of WO3 powders or by hydrolysis of Na2WO4, followed by calcination. All samples crystallize in the monoclinic rhenium trioxide structure type and have band gaps between 2.75 and 2.87 eV. From 0.01 M aqueous NaIO4 under 610 mW cm−2 visible illumination (>400 nm), 30 mg of the WO3 dots, plates, and microcrystals evolve oxygen at 31.6, 16.5, and 2.9 μmol h−1, respectively. Photoelectrochemistry on WO3 particle films in aqueous K2SO4 at pH 3.5 confirms decreasing anodic photocurrents (25, 17.8, and 7.7 μA cm−2, respectively, at +1.0 V NHE) with decreasing particles size, and similar photoonset potentials of +0.25 V vs. NHE for all samples. This suggests that the photocatalytic activity differences among the WO3 series are controlled not by the energetics but by the kinetics of minority and majority carrier transport within the particles. The reactivity trends can be quantitatively described with the one-dimensional continuity model for charge generation, recombination, and transport.
Magnetic-Actuated Stainless Steel Scanner for Two-Photon Hyperspectral Fluorescence Microscope

We present a fluorescence two-photon laser scanning microscope that uses a soft-magnetic stainless steel microscanner to generate a 2-D Lissajous scanning pattern. The wide-scanning low-voltage driven gimbaled torsional stainless steel microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) scanner is designed and then fabricated using electrical discharge machining. This technology offers unique advantages by allowing larger mirror surface areas (4 mm \(\times5\) mm) to enhance the fluorescence collection efficiency at low incoming signal level, and providing a rapid prototyping and low-cost alternative to silicon-based MEMS devices, particularly when large displacements and large field of view are required. A maximum total optical scan angle (TOSA) of 20.6° at 112 Hz for a drive power of 200 mW is required for the slow-scan movement, whereas the fast-scan movement occurs at the resonance frequency of 1268 Hz and has a TOSA of 26.6° using a drive power of 400 mW. The soft-magnetic microscanner incorporated in the two-photon hyperspectral fluorescence microscope demonstrates its applicability in two-photon hyperspectral imaging of circulating cancer cells, stem cells, and biological tissue with extrinsic fluorophores.
Development and Evaluation of a Wax Immersion Technique Designed for Studies of Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Population on Strawberries

A wax immersion technique was developed and evaluated for use in population ecology studies of Tetranychus urticae Koch on strawberries. This method prolonged the time period in which leaves were suitable for spider mite counts (2 weeks), thus increasing the number of leaf samples which could be collected and effectively counted at any given time. Since all T. urticae life stages were killed immediately following treatment in the laboratory or the field, problems associated with continued development or increased activity caused by handling were eliminated. Comparison of the wax immersion technique and an imprint method based on a protein-sensitive dye indicated that the wax immersion technique was more effective for calculating pretreatment counts of the developmental stages studied, and was therefore more suitable for estimating population density.
A survey of food allergen control practices in the U.S. food industry.

Despite awareness of the importance of food allergy as a public health issue, recalls and adverse reactions linked to undeclared allergens in foods continue to occur with high frequency. To reduce the overall incidence of such problems and to ensure that food-allergic consumers have the information they need to prevent adverse reactions, it is important to understand which allergen control practices are currently used by the food industry. Therefore, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration carried out directed inspections of registered food facilities in 2010 to obtain a broader understanding of industry allergen control practices in the United States. The results of these inspections show that allergen awareness and the use of allergen controls have increased greatly in the last decade, but that small facilities lag in implementing allergen controls.
Anthropometric Computed Tomography Reconstruction Identifies Risk Factors for Cortical Perforation in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background The incidence of revision hip arthroplasty is increasing with nearly 100,000 annual procedures expected in the near future. Many surgeons use straight modular tapered stems in revisions; however, complications of periprosthetic fracture and cortical perforation occur, resulting in poor outcomes. Our objective was to identify patient demographics and femoral characteristics that predispose patients to cortical perforation when using the straight modular stems. Methods We used a computed tomography database and modeling software to identify patient demographics and morphologic femoral characteristics that predispose patients to cortical perforation during revision hip arthroplasty. Overall, 561 femurs from patients of various backgrounds were used, and statistical analysis was performed via the 2-sample t test. Results Decreased patient height (mean 163.0 vs 168.8 cm), radius of curvature (818 vs 939 mm), anterior–posterior (8.5 vs 13.8 mm) and medial–lateral (7.9 vs 11.3 mm) width of the isthmus, and distance of the isthmus from the greater trochanter (179 vs 186 mm) were all statistically significant risk factors for cortical perforation ( P Conclusion This study identifies several patient-specific risk factors for cortical perforation during revision hip arthroplasty using straight modular tapered stems and highlights the importance of preoperative planning especially in patients with shorter stature, proximal location of the femoral isthmus, narrow femoral canal, and smaller radius of curvature. Also, when using a mid-length modular tapered stem without an extended trochanteric osteotomy, consideration should be given to using a kinked stem to avoid anterior cortical perforation.
Information Query for Manufacturing-Oriented Resources: A Knowledge-Based Approach

The Internet makes it possible for the manufacturing enterprises to find, access, evaluate and make use of manufacturing-oriented resources around the world, avoiding "reinvent the wheel" and thus reducing the cost and improving the responsiveness to market opportunity. "based search" has some weaknesses .This paper designs and realizes a knowledge-based framework for information services. Semantics-based information query can be implemented,and the system is able to meet the requirements of information searching of enterprises with more efficiency and precision
Research on Remote Control and Signaling Test of Protection in 500kV Substation

The most important factor to realize the operation of unattended 500 kV substation is that remote control and signaling of protection should be reliable and safe in control central.This paper introduces the remote control and signaling test of protection in 500 kV substation.The test method and result are analyzed.Some problems are found out and related improvements are proposed during the test.The results show that the proposed test method and improved method has obtained good effect,satisfy the basic requirements of unattended substation.
Aortic root dilation prior to valve opening explained by passive hemodynamics.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY During the June 1999 World Symposium on Heart Valve Disease, the mechanism by which the aortic valve opens was discussed. It was suggested, indirectly, that the recently discovered contractile elements within the aortic valve may be responsible. We propose that aortic root dilation does not require any active mechanism within the leaflets or aortic wall, and provide an explanation based entirely on the passive hemodynamics of the aortic valve and root. METHODS AND RESULTS Previous studies using cine fluoroscopy and sonomicrometry have reported a 5-7% expansion of the aortic root during ventricular contraction, prior to aortic valve opening. Simplified force calculations indicate that the mechanical interactions between the aortic valve and root produce an inward pull on the commissures, constraining the aorta from fully dilating. During systole, as the pressure in the ventricle increases and the aortic valve becomes unloaded, the inward pull on the commissures is reduced and the aorta is able to dilate fully. Aortic dilation therefore occurs before the aortic valve opens. CONCLUSION We conclude that this mechanism of aortic root dilation prior to valve opening is purely passive, and does not require any active process by the aortic valve or the aortic root.
Formality of the Chinese collective leadership

We investigated the linguistic patterns in the discourse of four generations of the collective leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1921 to 2012. The texts of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao were analyzed using computational linguistic techniques (a Chinese formality score) to explore the persuasive linguistic features of the leaders in the contexts of power phase, the nation's education level, power duration, and age. The study was guided by the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, which includes a central route (represented by formal discourse) versus a peripheral route (represented by informal discourse) to persuasion. The results revealed that these leaders adopted the formal, central route more when they were in power than before they came into power. The nation's education level was a significant factor in the leaders' adoption of the persuasion strategy. The leaders' formality also decreased with their increasing age and in-power times. However, the predictability of these factors for formality had subtle differences among the different types of leaders. These results enhance our understanding of the Chinese collective leadership and the role of formality in politically persuasive messages.
Abstract 309: Prioritizing Blood Pressure Measurements Results In Improved Hypertension Control

Background: Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a national core quality measure for hypertension care and hypertension control rates remain a major performance measure. It remains unclear whether improving measurement directly results in better control rates in hypertension management. Purpose: To utilize electronic medical records to explore the relationship between measurement of blood pressure and hypertension control rates among 4 eligible primary care providers groups - Primary Care Internal Medicine (PCIM), Family medicine (FM), General Internal Medicine (GIM), Preventive Medicine (PREV) - and 2 eligible specialist groups - Cardiology (CARD), Nephrology (NEPH) at an academic group medical practice. Methods: A two year cross sectional study involving adults seen by eligible primary or specialist providers at 2 or more office visits with a hypertension ICD-9 code in two years with at least one office visit in the measurement year. We measured the proportion of patients who had their BP measured at their last hypertension visit (LHV) in 2009 and 2010. We compared measurement rates with control rates as defined by the proportion of hypertension patients with BP < 140/90 mmHg at their LHV. Results: In 2009, 84.2% of 17989 patients (95% CI 83.6 - 84.7%) had their BP measured at their LHV compared to 85.3% (95% CI 84.8 - 85.8%) of 17992 patients in 2010, an increase of 1.2% (p=0.0026). Measurement rates varied widely across the different provider groups. PCIM, a high performing group, had significant improvement in measurement rates from 2009 to 2010 and demonstrated improvement in control rates. Lower performing groups, Nephrology and GIM, had significant improvement in measurement but did not see a direct translation to improved control rates. There was an associated worsening of the control rates for Preventive medicine along with a decrease in the measurement rates from 2009 to 2010. Conclusion: High BP measurement rates are associated with high hypertension control rates. Prioritizing BP measurement may result in improved intermediate outcomes in hypertension management. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif