cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of real-time multi-modal FP-scheduled systems with non-preemptible regions

Over the years, multiple hardware and software operating modes have been employed in many computing devices (e.g., tablets, smart-phones, GPS receivers) to efficiently utilize device resources. Similar advantages are also preferred in realtime systems (RTS) due to the requirement that a RTS must respond in a timely manner to a physical environment that may change sporadically. An efficient multi-modal system (MMS) is also a prerequisite for the development of real-time control systems which can maintain stable system behavior while ensuring timing guarantees for a changing set of real-time tasks. However, the currently-available fixed-priority (FP) schedulability analysis for multi-modal systems with both software/hardware modes is computationally expensive. In addition, current schedulability analysis for systems that support mode changes requires an assumption that is often not suitable for cyber-physical systems (CPS): sensing and actuation in the underlying physical plant are preemptible activities. However, sensors such as radar transmitter/ receiver requires non-preemptible access to the processor upon sending and then processing the return signal for accuracy. In this research, we develop a framework for multi-modal RTS scheduled by FP algorithm along with efficient schedulability analysis with pseudo-polynomial complexity considering the advantages and limitations of specific software/hardware model. Two simulations: a case study on adaptive cruise control in automotive systems, and schedulability comparison are included to corroborate the performance of the schedulability analysis.
Proton MR spectroscopy of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: in vitro characteristics.

PURPOSE To determine the ability of in vitro high-field-strength proton MR spectroscopy to differentiate squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract from uninvolved muscle. METHODS Surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the upper aerodigestive tract (n = 18) and from muscle (n = 13) were examined in vitro using high-field (11 T) proton MR spectroscopy. The peak heights of choline and creatine were measured for tumor and muscle at echo times of 136 and 272. The choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio was compared between tumor and normal tissue for each echo time. Student9s t test was used to determine whether a significant difference existed between proton MR spectroscopic measurements of the Cho/Cr ratio for tumor and muscle. RESULTS The mean Cho/Cr ratio was consistently higher in tumor than in muscle at all echo times; however, statistically significant differences between tumor and muscle were identified only at longer echo times (136 and 272). CONCLUSION The Cho/Cr peak height ratio can be used to differentiate tumor from muscle in vitro (at 11 T).
Parameter estimation for towed cable systems using moving horizon estimation

This paper presents a strategy for optimal estimation of parameters for towed cable systems using moving horizon estimation (MHE). The main contributions of the work include a novel formulation of MHE using a dead-band that explicitly rejects measurement noise, real-time implementation results, and the investigation of time-varying stochastic disturbances as well as unknown yet constant disturbances. Further analysis is conducted on the observability and sensitivity of key parameters to determine which parameters can be estimated by the proposed approach using real-time streaming data from experiments. In addition to the real-time results, an offline multiobjective optimization is conducted to reveal the tradeoff between the computational burden and estimation variation. A Pareto frontier is used to demonstrate a series of optimal experimental configurations obtained by adjusting the model complexity (number of cable links and horizon steps). Finally, a multivariate parameter estimation is performed to explore the applicability of the proposed approach in simultaneously estimating multiple parameters.
Pyruvate stabilizes electrocardiographic and hemodynamic function in pigs recovering from cardiac arrest

Cardiac electromechanical dysfunction may compromise recovery of patients who are initially resuscitated from cardiac arrest, and effective treatments remain elusive. Pyruvate, a natural intermediary metabolite, energy substrate, and antioxidant, has been found to protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study tested the hypothesis that pyruvate-enriched resuscitation restores hemodynamic, metabolic, and electrolyte homeostasis following cardiac arrest. Forty-two Yorkshire swine underwent pacing-induced ventricular fibrillation and, after 6 min pre-intervention arrest, 4 min precordial compressions followed by transthoracic countershocks. After defibrillation and recovery of spontaneous circulation, the pigs were monitored for another 4 h. Sodium pyruvate or NaCl were infused i.v. (0.1 mmol·kg−1·min−1) throughout precordial compressions and the first 60 min recovery. In 8 of the 24 NaCl-infused swine, the first countershock converted ventricular fibrillation to pulseless electrical activit...
Idealized Two-Dimensional Modeling of a Coastal Buoyancy Front, or River Plume, under Downwelling-Favorable Wind Forcing with Application to the Alaska Coastal Current

Abstract The cross-shelf structure of a buoyancy-driven coastal current, such as produced by a river plume, is modeled in a two-dimensional cross-shelf slice as a “wide” geostrophically balanced buoyancy front. Downwelling-favorable wind stress applied to this front leads to advection in the surface and bottom boundary layers that causes the front to become steeper so that it eventually reaches a steep quasi-steady state. This final state is either convecting, stable and steady, or stable and oscillatory depending on D/δ* and by /f 2, where D is bottom depth, δ* is an Ekman depth, by is the cross-shelf buoyancy gradient, and f is the Coriolis parameter. Descriptions of the cross-shelf circulation patterns are given and a scaling is presented for the isopycnal slope. The results potentially apply to the Alaska Coastal Current, which experiences strong, persistent downwelling-favorable wind stress during winter, but also likely have application to river plumes subjected to downwelling-favorable wind stress.
Observation of anomalously large band-filling effects in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices: from 2-D to 3-D

We have demonstrated that type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices exhibit anomalously strong band-filling effects. By varying the width of the barrier or well, we have investigated the effects from 2-D quantum wells to quasi-3-D superlattices.
Polymeric One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals by Continuous Coextrusion

It is shown that narrowband one-dimensional photonic crystals can be fabricated from polymeric materials using laboratory scale layer-multiplying coextrusion technology. The tuning of the photonic bandgap is demonstrated with films that selectively filter different regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum. The layer uniformity of the photonic crystals is evaluated by comparing the measured UV-vis transmission spectra with model simulations, and is independently confirmed with atomic force microscopy. Assemblies of alternating polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) layers exhibit a narrow reflection band with close to 100% reflection in good agreement with the prediction for uniform layers. The flexibility of the process is demonstrated by the fabrication of elastomeric one-dimensional photonic crystals. It is anticipated that this technology will enable the rapid and facile realization of new polymeric optical devices.
El Cinco De Mayo: An American Tradition. By David E. Hayes‐Bautista. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012. Pp. viii, 293. $26.95.)

The history behind the celebration of Cinco de Mayo is unclear. It commemorates a winning battle by an outclassed Mexican army over French forces at Puebla on May 5, 1862. But why is this victory g...
Effects of high K+ concentrations on the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture

Extracts prepared from embryonic eye tissue permit all of the neurons present in embryonic ciliary ganglia to survive and develop in cell culture. High K+ concentrations stimulate growth of the neurons in culture above the maximal levels obtained with eye extract alone. Growth in 25 mM K+ produced parallel increases in the levels of choline acetyltransferase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity (a common cytoplasmic enzyme), and total protein synthesis per neuron. The K+ effect appears to be mediated by membrane depolarization. Intracellular recording confirmed that the neurons were chronically depolarized in 25 mM K+. Veratridine produced the same stimulation of growth, while tetrodotoxin blocked the veratridine effect without preventing the K+ effect. Ca2+ may also play a role in the K+ effect. Two drugs thought to block Ca2+ channels (Mg2+ and D600) each blocked or reduced in the increase in growth caused by 25 mM K+. The drugs did not interfere with neuronal growth in control cultures, indicating that eye extract and membrane depolarization influence neuronal growth by different mechanisms.
Core Competencies in Suicide Risk Assessment and Management: Implications for Supervision

The recent publication of core competencies in suicide risk assessment and management (SuicidePrevention Resource Center, 2006) and the American Psychiatric Associations (2003) practice guide-lines have raised concerns about how best to address these issues in clinical supervision of trainees. Thisarticle reviews the identified core competencies, addresses implications for supervision of trainees, andprovides a general framework for applicable strategies for the supervision process to facilitate clinicalskill development and refinement.Keywords: suicide risk assessment, suicide risk, core competencies, supervision
Two extension theorems for log-linear representations of positive probabilities

Two results are established on the extendability of log-linear representations of positive probabilities from rational- to real-valued arguments. The uniqueness and continuity properties of these extensions are also considered.
Differential wheel speed sensor integration with GPS/INS for land vehicle navigation

This paper develops an approach for the integration of GPS, inertial measurements from accelerometers and gyros, and differential wheel speed sensors for land vehicle navigation. Incorporating differential wheel speed sensor information into land vehicle navigation provides a solution for eliminating large errors caused by vehicle motions while also reducing errors from sideslip. Extended Kalman and Unscented filtering algorithms are designed with a six degree of freedom model. In order to incorporate differential wheel speed information properly, the effective wheel radius must also be estimated as part of the overall estimation approach. Simulation results show the performance of the filters for cases of GPS/INS with and without the wheel speed sensor.
Predicting Rice Yield Response to Midseason Nitrogen with Plant Area Measurements

A simple method is needed to aid farmers with midseason nitrogen (MSN) decisions in dry-seeded, delayed flood rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study was conducted to develop thresholds using visual and digital image measurements for predicting rice yield response to MSN. 'Francis' and 'Cheniere' rice were drill seeded on 19-cm row spacing from 2004 to 2006 on silt loam and clay soils at Glennonville and Portageville, MO. Preflood N (PFN) was applied at rates of 0, 39, 78, 118, and 157 kg urea-N ha -1 with and without two MSN applications of 34 kg N ha -1 at panicle differentiation (R1) and at R1 + 7d. Plant area observations were made 1 to 2 d before R1. In each plot, a yardstick was floated on floodwater positioned between two center rows. Visible inch numbers were counted while standing above the rows. A number was not counted when rice leaves obstructed the view of one or more digits in the whole number. Plant height was measured, and digital images of canopy were analyzed to determine percent green pixels. Highest rice yields on both soils were most often achieved with 78 kg N ha -1 with MSN or 118 kg N ha -1 without MSN. The PFN significantly affected visible yardstick numbers, plant height, and percent green pixels. Height was the least reliable indicator of rice N status. Using regression analysis, no rice yield increase from MSN was produced when fewer than 13 yardstick numbers were showing or more than 64% of image pixels were green.
Chordoma in two ferrets

Chordomas, characterized by lobules of vacuolated cells lying in a mucinous matrix, are described in 2 ferrets. This is the first report of this rare tumour of notochordal remnant origin in the ferret.
Quantifying the Economic Domain of Transportation Sustainability

The lens of sustainability refocuses the perception of transportation and allows a look beyond its accustomed role of providing vehicular mobility to the broader impacts of transportation on the environment, society, and the economy. As the understanding of transportation's function evolves beyond throughput and capacity, sustainability can be used as an organizing principle for transportation planning to promote livable communities. To fully understand and integrate the ideas of sustainability with transportation, the proper metrics and performance measures need to be developed and adopted. This study demonstrated how the theoretical concepts and definitions of transportation sustainability could be transformed into a practical metric for assessing the performance of the U.S. transportation system in terms of sustainability. The study focused on characterizing and measuring the economic aspect of sustainability in relation to transportation. The analysis was carried out for surface transportation at the ...
Characterization of milling effects on the physical and chemical nature of herbaceous biomass with comparison of fast pyrolysis product distributions using Py-GC/MS.

Abstract Biomass pyrolysis offers an opportunity to produce liquid transportation fuels and platform chemicals that may be effective in replacing the current petroleum feedstock. Before whole biomass can be converted to end-use products, many pre-processing steps are required, such as drying, grinding, and extracting. Thus, milling effects on particle size, cellulose crystallinity, and pyrolysis product distribution were investigated using XRD, ATR-FTIR, and pyroprobe-GC/MS methods for three herbaceous crops: switchgrass, alfalfa, and tall fescue. Results show that cellulose crystallinity can be extensively degraded by milling. Analysis of Py-GC/MS data show minor changes in pyrolysis product distribution as a result of milling time. Samples milled for long period of time tend to produce a broader range of pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis products for biomass samples milled for a maximum of 12 h are detailed in terms of pyrolysis temperature and the inherent chemical properties of each biomass feedstock.
Inhibition of growth of transformed cells and tumors by an endogenous acceptor of galactosyltransferase

Abstract A galactosyltransferase glycopeptide acceptor purified from human malignant effusions was tested for its effects on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Addition of the glycopeptide to the media of cells growing in tissue culture caused a significant inhibition of attachment and growth of transformed cells but had minimal effect on nontransformed cells. Transformed hamster cells (BHKpy, BHKpygiv, NILpy) and human malignant cells (BT-20 human breast and pancreatic carcinoma cells) were killed by the addition of as little as 0.5 μg of acceptor (per ml of medium), while nontransformed counterparts did not show a significant change in growth or morphology. In vivo studies showed that the acceptor inhibited development and progression of tumors in hamsters inoculated with tumorigenic BHKpy cells. Growth of tumors was inhibited 69-94% in animals given 20 μg of acceptor subcutaneously and 39-67% when acceptor was given intraperitoneally at the time of tumor cell inoculation. Administration of the acceptor after the development of a palpable tumor (≈0.5 cm) caused a 60-85% reduction in growth rate and, in some cases, actual reduction in size and disappearance of palpable tumor. These studies demonstrate that a galactosyltransferase glycopeptide acceptor purified from human malignant effusions produces selective inhibition of transformed cell growth in animal and tissue culture systems.
Evidence for teaching practice: The impact of clickers in a large classroom environment

As the number of nursing students increases, the ability to actively engage all students in a large classroom is challenging and increasingly difficult. Clickers, or student response systems (SRS), are a relatively new technology in nursing education that use wireless technology and enable students to select individual responses to questions posed to them during class. The study design was a quasi-experimental comparison with one section of an adult medical-surgical course using the SRS and one receiving standard teaching. No significant differences between groups on any measure of performance were found. Focus groups were conducted to describe student perceptions of SRS. Three themes emerged: Being able to respond anonymously, validating an answer while providing immediate feedback, and providing an interactive and engaging environment. Although the clickers did not improve learning outcomes as measured by objective testing, perceptions shared by students indicated an increased degree of classroom engagement. Future research needs to examine other potential outcome variables.
A Twenty-first-Century Agenda for Teaching the History of Modern Afro-Latin America and the Caribbean

This [Argentina] was white man’s country, not a country of Indians and half-breeds like Peru or Bolivia—or Brazil, which is just an extension of Africa, no?—Jorge Luis BorgesIn reference to the stratifying effects of racial ascription, race as a socially elaborated attribute may be conceptualized as related mainly to the subordinate aspect of the reproduction of social classes.—Carlos Hasenbalg
Inert gas solubility in binary germania–silica glasses

Helium and neon solubility have been measured in vitreous silica, vitreous germania, and in a series of binary GeO2–SiO2 glasses. Measurements were made over a broad temperature range using a saturation-outgassing method. The enthalpy of solution of these gases is smaller for vitreous germania than for vitreous silica. Inert gas solubility decreases rapidly as silica is initially replaced by germania in the network, with a more gradual decrease in solubility with continued reduction in silica content. Solubility measurements at varying pressures establish that inert gas solubility in vitreous germania obeys Henrys Law up to 1 atm of gas pressure, as has already been established for vitreous silica. Additional helium solubility and diffusivity measurements were made using the permeation method at temperatures below 300 � C. Helium diffusivity also decreases as silica is replaced by germania, with an approximately linear dependence on composition. The activation energy for diffusion increases as the germania concentration increases. Results of this study are attributed to changes in interstice size and/or distribution as a function of glass composition and experimental temperature. � 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Oncology clinic attendance at an inner city hospital.

Compliance in oncology clinic attendance was prospectively evaluated over a 12-month period at Harlem Hospital Center, an inner city municipal facility serving a predominantly black population. One hundred patients were followed (97 blacks, 2 Hispanics, 1 white) with an average age of 60 years. There were 41 men and 59 women. Thirty-one patients had breast cancer, 23 lung cancer, 26 miscellaneous solid tumors, and 20 hematologic malignancies. Forty-two patients received chemotherapy, 14 hormonal therapy, and 44 supportive care alone. Of the 657 appointments scheduled for the total group, 583 (89%) were kept. All scheduled appointments were kept by 53% of patients and 80% or more were kept by 69% of patients. There was no statistically significant difference in clinic attendance according to sex, age younger than 50 years, tumor category, or mode of therapy. Reasons for missing appointments included the patient forgot or was confused (7 cases), weather (5), transportation difficulties (5), clerical error (3), and refusal of further chemotherapy (1). A high rate of clinic attendance is reported in this group of patients with multiple social and financial problems. Such patients are appropriate candidates for treatment protocols requiring frequent clinic visits. Cancer 58:793-795, 1986.
Intelligent Fibrous Substrates with Thermal and Dimensional Memories

Binding of polyethylene glycols to any fibrous substrate (such as a natural cellulosic or wool, or synthetic fibers polyester, polyamide or polyolefin) is achieved by in situ network polymerization with polyfunctional resins and acid catalysts. The modified substrates contain crosslinked polyethylene glycols that impart several improved functional properties. Two of these properties (thermal adaptability and reversible shrinkage in the wet and dry states) make it appropriate to categorize the modified fibrous substrates as “intelligent materials”. The thermal and dimensional/shape memories of the substrates are influenced and, hence, controlled by the molecular weight of the polyol, crosslink density, curing conditions to affix the polyol and construction of the fibrous substrate. Verification of these effects has been noted by thermal analysis and infrared thermography (for thermal memories) and by measurement of power generated and work performed during wet shrinkage of appropriate substrates (for shape memories). Numerous potential commercial applications are described and some are being actively pursued. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impersonal influence: Effects of representations of public opinion on political attitudes

Many phenomena of interest to political scientists involve what may be termed “impersonal influence”; that is, influence that derives from individuals' perceptions of others' attitudes, beliefs, or experiences. “Others” in this case refers not to the close friends and acquaintances that concerned the authors of classics such asThe People's Choice andPersonal Influence, but rather to the anonymous “others” outside an individual's realm of personal contacts. Modern mass media facilitate the influence of anonymous others by devoting considerable time and attention to portraying trends in mass opinion. This study explores the rationale for theories of impersonal influence, synthesizing existing research findings falling under this general theoretical framework, and investigating its psychological underpinnings using experiments embedded in representative surveys.
Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from long-term tillage under a continuous corn cropping system in Ohio

Abstract Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) emitted by anthropogenic activities have been linked to the observed and predicted climate change. Conservation tillage practices such as no-tillage (NT) have potential to increase C sequestration in agricultural soils but patterns of N 2 O and CH 4 emissions associated with NT practices are variable. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tillage practices on N 2 O and CH 4 emissions in long-term continuous corn ( Zea mays ) plots. The study was conducted on continuous corn experimental plots established in 1962 on a Crosby silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf) in Ohio. The experimental design consisted of NT, chisel till (CT) and moldboard plow till (MT) treatments arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes were measured for 1-year at 2-week intervals during growing season and at 4-week intervals during the off season. Long-term NT practice significantly decreased soil bulk density ( ρ b ) and increased total N concentration of the 0–15 cm layer compared to MT and CT. Generally, NT treatment contained higher soil moisture contents and lower soil temperatures in the surface soil than CT and MT during summer, spring and autumn. Average daily fluxes and annual N 2 O emissions were more in MT (0.67 mg m −2 d −1 and 1.82 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) and CT (0.74 mg m −2 d −1 and 1.96 kg N ha −1 year −1 ) than NT (0.29 mg m −2 d −1 and 0.94 kg N ha −1 year −1 ). On average, NT was a sink for CH 4 , oxidizing 0.32 kg CH 4 -C ha −1 year −1 , while MT and CT were sources of CH 4 emitting 2.76 and 2.27 kg CH 4 -C ha −1 year −1 , respectively. Lower N 2 O emission and increased CH 4 oxidation in the NT practice are attributed to decrease in surface ρ b , suggesting increased gaseous exchange. The N 2 O flux was strongly correlated with precipitation, air and soil temperatures, but not with gravimetric moisture content. Data from this study suggested that adoption of long-term NT under continuous corn cropping system in the U.S. Corn Belt region may reduce GWP associated with N 2 O and CH 4 emissions by approximately 50% compared to MT and CT management.
Sensitivity of Rao's score test, the Wald test and the likelihood ratio test to nuisance parameters

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare the sensitivity of the likelihood ratio test, Rao's score test, and the Wald test to the change of the nuisance parameters. The main result is that, with an error of magnitude O(n−1), the null distributions and the local alternative distributions of these tests are equally sensitive to nuisance parameter. We will also give accurate factorizations of these test statistics as quadratic forms, which are themselves useful for asymptotic analyses.
Turbulence-Radiation Interactions in Nonreactive Flow of Combustion Gases

A nonreactive hot mixture of radiatively participating species, typically carbon dioxide and water vapor, may be found in the exhaust sections of almost all combustors. Since the scalar fluctuations in such nonreactive flows are substantially smaller than in flames, it is commonly believed that the effects of turbulence-radiation interactions (TRI) on altering wall heat fluxes in nonreactive flows are negligible. Such belief, however, has not been substantiated by evidence to date. The purpose of this note is to investigate the conditions under which turbulence-radiation interactions may be important in nonreactive flows. The final outcome was found to be largely dependent on how the scalar fluctuations correlate, rather than the magnitude of the fluctuations themselves. It was found that for most situations of practical interest, TRI effects are indeed negligible.
The Politics of Innovation in Great Britain: The Open University.

A "model for a new kind of higher education," a "post-bourgeois… mode of intellectual production," the "seeds of radical change," or, more prosaically, a "political gimmick"? The Open University established in 1969 by the Labour government seems to break away from so many traditions in British higher education that no one should be surprised by the extreme nature of the judgments expressed for or against it. After all, how could a university without a campus, without entrance qualifications, without formal classes, and with virtually no face-to-face contact between students and faculty be called a university?… For a great number of observers, the creation of such an institution within the framework of a highly elitist and meritocratic educational system and in a country where there is no firmly implanted "working your way through college" ethos, was truly an epoch-making event. The purpose of this paper, a case study relying on an institution/problem-oriented approach, is to use the establishment of the O...
Aminoacyl transfer from an adenylate anhydride to polyribonucleotides.

Imidazole catalysis of phenylalanyl transfer from phenylalanine adenylate to hydroxyl groups of homopolyribonucleotides is studied as a possible chemical model of biochemical aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA). The effect of pH on imidazole-catalyzed transfer of phenylalanyl residues to poly(U) and poly(A) double helix strands, the number of peptide linkages and their lability to base and neutral hydroxylamine, and the nature of adenylate condensation products are investigated. The chemical model entertained exhibits a constraint by not acylating the hydroxyl groups of polyribonucleotides in a double helix. The constraint is consistent with selective biochemical aminoacylation at the tRNA terminus. Interest in imidazole as a model of histidine residue in protoenzymes participating in prebiotic aminoacyl transfer to polyribonucleotides, and in rendering the tRNA a more efficient adaptor, is indicated.
Task persistence in 2-year-old preterm infants in relation to subsequent attentiveness and intelligence

Abstract Task persistence was measured in 2-year-old, preterm infants whose behaviors were rated by their mothers at age 5 years. The Gesell Developmental Scale was also administered at age 2 and the Stanford-Binet at ages 3 and 5 years. Two-year-olds who persisted longer at opening a plexiglas box that contained a toy and waited to request help were rated as showing fewer behavior problems on the Conners Scale and as more likely to complete their work at age 5 than 2-year-olds who focused for a shorter period and asked for help more quickly. While task persistence assessed on both tasks was associated with cognitive abilities measured concurrently and subsequently, stability in persistence independent of competence and intelligence seemed to be maintained over the 3-year period.
Gaussian and non-Gaussian random fields associated with Markov processes

To every Markov process with a symmetric transition density, there correspond two random fields over the state space: a Gaussian field (the free field) φ and the occupation field T which describes amount of time the particle spends at each state. A relation between these two random fields is established which is useful both for the field theory and theory of Markov processes.
Inspiration: Exploring the Experience and its Meaning

This article reports a qualitative research study of the experience of inspiration in ordinary persons. Results gleaned from analysis of 70 in-depth interviews suggest that this phenomenon is a significant and distinct epistemic event that many people experience. As such, this evidence may help to shift the center of gravity of knowing away from the exclusivity of a narrow form of rational empiricism. Although inspiration cannot be willed, it may be cultivated. Experiences described as the absence of inspiration seem to correspond to common mental health complaints.
CHANNELS OF GROCERY DISTRIBUTION: CHANGING STAGES IN EVOLUTION ‐ A COMPARISON OF U.S.A. AND U.K.*

This paper traces the structural evolution of a food distribution system from traditional small business to mass distributor and marketing oriented conglomerate food manufacturer. Stages of evolution along the way are identified as milestones for comparing one system with another. While comparisons and data presented involve the U.K. and U.S.A., the method of analysis may be useful in the study of other systems. Resume VOIES DE DISTRIBUTION DES PRODUITS D'ALIMENTATION: STADES D'EVOLUTION DIFFERENTS - UNE COMPARAISON ENTRE LES ETATS-UNIS ET LA GRANDE-BRETAGNE Cet article suit les contours de l'evolution structurelle d'un systeme de distribution des produits alimentaires depuis le petit commerce traditionnel jusqu'aux concentrations d'industries alimentaires orientees vers la commercialisation et distribution de masse. Chaque stade de l'evolution releve par l'auteur sur son parcours est defini comme un jalon servant a comparer un systeme a un autre. Bien que les comparaisons et donnees presentees aient trait au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis, cette methode d'analyse peut se reveler utile dans l'etude d'autres systemes. Zusammenfassung KANALE ZUR VERTEILUNG VON LEBENSMITTELN: SICH ANDERNDE STADIEN IN DER ENTWICKLUNG - EIN VERGLEICH ZWISCHEN DEN U.S.A. UND DEM VEREINIGTEN KONIGREICH Dieser Artikel zeichnet die strukturelle Entwicklung des Lebens-mittelverteilungs systems vom traditionellen kleinen Geschaft bis zum Massenverteiler und marketing orientierten, gemischten Lebens-mittelproduzenten auf. Die Stadien der Entwicklung auf diesem Weg werden als Meilensteine bestimmt, um die Systeme untereinander zu vergleichen. Wahrend sich die aufgefuhrten Vergleiche und Daten auf das Vereinigte Konigreich und die U.S.A. beziehen, kann die Analysemethode auch fur das Studium anderer Systeme nutzlich sein.
Menu engineering and activity‐based costing – can they work together in a restaurant?

Purpose – This research paper aims to examine whether using menu engineering (ME) together with activity‐based costing (ABC) for menu analysis gives new insights about true menu profitability. The traditional ME approach only uses food cost to determine the contribution margin of individual menu items. This combined approach uses both food and traceable operating costs to estimate contribution margins more accurately.Design/methodology/approach – An improved menu engineering model was developed and tested in a buffet restaurant in Hong Kong. Direct observation of restaurant activities allowed most costs to be traced (not simply allocated) to individual menu items.Findings – The results found that only three of 20 dinner menu entrees were profitable. This unique insight would not have been possible using traditional ME methods alone. The results also showed that ABC methods are applicable to a buffet‐style restaurant.Research limitations/implications – Only a single restaurant and only the dinner menu were...
A rational evaluation of thermal protection alternatives for shelter

Abstract An important objective of shelter is to modify the natural climate to produce a thermal environment that meets certain specified needs of man. A methodology is demonstrated for the quantitative evaluation of thermal protection alternatives that can account for environmental factors, structure factors and occupancy factors. Over fifty design alternatives which represent iterations on three basic constructions are examined in connection with the achievement of low cost shelter in a climate characterized by severe summers and less than mild winters. The three basic constructions were solid concrete block, hollow concrete block and wood frame. Digital computer programs were used to calculate the solar inputs, shape moduli, and diurnal temperature distributions.
Breadth-of-impact frontier: How firm-level decisions and selection environment dynamics generate boundary-spanning inventions

Abstract In this paper, we provide an ex-ante explanation for why some technologies such as James Watt’s steam engine move successfully across broad technological fields, while other technologies do not. Using a sample of VC-backed biotechnology firms, we examine firm knowledge exploration choices along three dimensions—the decision to build from technologies across broad fields, the decision to explore application domains that are new to the firm, and the decision to mix these two options at the same time. We argue that firm-level invention decisions find differing responses when received by the selection environment. We find evidence of a “breadth-of-impact frontier” for technologies, wherein the choice of whether a firm should enter into a new application domain than those of the past should be informed by the degree to which the technology is citing prior work narrowly or broadly. The findings suggest that the belief that broad sourcing diversity will always result in greater citation diversity requires some caveats. The results contribute to the understanding of not only how entrepreneurial firms evolve but also how individual firms contribute to collective progress.
Water Utilization in Data Center Infrastructure

Fresh water is one of the few resources which is scarce and has no replacement; it is also closely coupled to energy consumption. Fresh water usage for power generation and other cooling applications is well known and accounts for 40% of total freshwater withdrawal in the U. S[1]. A significant amount of energy is embedded in the consumption of water for conveyance, treatment and distribution of water. Waste water treatment plants also consume a significant amount of energy. For example, water distribution systems and water treatment plants consume 1.3MWh and 0.5MWh[2], respectively, for every million gallons of water processed. Water consumption in data centers is often overlooked due to low cost impact compared to energy and other consumables. With the current trend towards local onsite generation[3], the role of water in data centers is more crucial than ever. Apart from actual water consumption, the impact of embedded energy in water is only beginning to be considered in water end-use analyses conducted by major utilities[4]. From a data center end-use perspective, water usage can be characterized as direct, for cooling tower operation, and indirect, for power generation to operate the IT equipment and cooling infrastructure[5]. In the past, authors have proposed and implemented metrics to evaluate direct and indirect water usage using an energy-based metric. These metrics allow assessment of water consumption at various power consumption levels in the IT infrastructure and enable comparison with other energy efficiency metrics within a data center or among several data centers[6]. Water consumption in data centers is a function of power demand, outside air temperature and water quality. While power demand affects both direct and indirect water consumption, water quality and outside air conditions affect direct water consumption. Water from data center infrastructure is directly discharged in various forms such as water vapor and effluent from cooling towers. Classification of direct water consumption is one of the first steps towards optimization of water usage. Subsequently, data center processes can be managed to reduce water intake and discharge. In this paper, we analyze water consumption from data center cooling towers and propose techniques to reuse and reduce water in the data center.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The biosynthesis of the male housefly accessory secretion and its fate in the mated female

Abstract Autoradiographic studies of ejaculatory ducts from male houseflies, Musca domestica , previously injected with either tritiated arginine, lysine, or histidine showed that only arginine and lysine were incorporated into the stored accessory secretion. Scintillation spectrophotometry indicated that the amount of [ 3 H] arginine incorporated into the duct correlated with the number of times the male had previously copulated. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D were effective in inhibiting the uptake of [ 3 H] arginine in the ejaculatory ducts of newly emerged males, but only cycloheximide was an effective inhibitor in older males that had mated repeatedly. Autoradiography and electron microscopy showed that during mating the accessory secretion was transferred to the vaginal pouches of the female and that within 10 min after mating began, it was penetrating the intimal lining of the pouches. Cytolysis of many of the cells of these pouches was correlated to the transfer of the secretion during mating. This transfer of the secretion apparently terminated about 40 min after copulation began, although mating usually continued for an additional 10 to 20 min. The amount of 3 H-labelled material in the haemolymph of the females increased until the completion of mating and then decreased about 60 per cent after 8 hr.
Inhibition of nuclear factor-κb activation in mouse macrophages and the RAW 264.7 cell line by a synthetic adenyl carbocyclic nucleoside

Abstract Adenyl carbocyclic nucleosides have potent anti-inflammatory effects on a number of cell types. Notable in this regard is their ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by mouse macrophages that have been activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because the transcriptional activation of the mouse TNF-α gene is highly dependent on κB enhancers, the present study determined whether the synthetic carbocyclic nucleoside 9-[(1S,3R)-cis-cyclopentan-3-ol]adenine (cPA) inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in these cells. Stimulation of either mouse peritoneal macrophages or RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells with LPS led to the appearance of four distinct κB-binding nucleoprotein complexes detected by gel mobility shift assays. Cells treated with 100 μM cPA showed significantly reduced levels of NF-κB activation as evidenced by measurements of nucleoprotein κB-binding activity and diminished κB-dependent transcriptional activation. However, both the LPS-induced degradation of the cytoplasmic NF-κB inhibitor IκBα and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50, p65, and c-Rel peptides were unaffected by treatment of the cells with the nucleoside. These findings suggest that certain adenyl carbocyclic nucleosides inhibit the activation of NF-κB/Rel complexes by a novel mechanism that results in an inhibition of their DNA-binding activities, without blocking their dissociation from IκBα or their nuclear translocation.
Pyrrhotite Isograd in Southeastern Tennessee and Southwestern North Carolina

The first appearance of pyrrhotite in the Barrovian-type metamorphic succession of the Blue Ridge province of southeastern Tennessee and southwestern North Carolina is interpreted to represent a metamorphic isograd located in the upper chlorite zone slightly west of the biotite isograd. At lower grades of metamorphism, pyrite is the only recognizable iron sulfide, and it is characterized by textures indicating an arrested state of growth. Concentrations of pyrite are commonly aligned parallel to bedding planes. Pyrrhotite appears as streaks along slaty cleavage and is preferentially developed in pyrite-bearing zones. Hexagonal pyrrhotite is dominant, but monoclinic and monoclinic + hexagonal intergrowths also occur. Where pyrrhotite is present, coexisting pyrite is typically replaced by quartz, chlorite, and biotite. The sulfur and some of the iron contained in pyrrhotite is interpreted to have been derived locally from the replaced pyrite simultaneously with the development of metamorphic minerals.
Collection Development: Real Steps to Include a Forgotten Group.

In the 1950s, the State of Florida led the way in developing a national model for the development of the junior or community college system. The Brown vs Board of Education Supreme Court Decision impacted the segregated system and during the 1960s, Florida's 12 black junior colleges were merged with pre-existent majority campuses. This pattern of growth then merger reflected the larger history of growth of the local communities, the state, and the nation. The library of St. Petersburg College has seized the opportunity and shouldered the responsibility to preserve such a history for the diverse community in which it exists. Thanks to the joint efforts of the library, archivists, the community, inter-agency group, and grant funding, the complete history of a group too significant to be forgotten and the St. Petersburg College is being preserved for generations to come.
Interactions between plants, pathogens and insects: Possibilities for engineering resistance

Abstract Genetically engineered agricultural crops that resist viral and insect pathogens have been produced and tested under both environmentally controlled and field test conditions. Recent advances in creating plants that resist viruses, and plants that contain a bacterial protein, which confers selected insect resistance are reviewed. Recent studies on plant defense mechanisms are also discussed. In the future, plant defense mechanisms will be genetically modified to produce plants that resist insect and fungal pathogens.
Collective variables for the description of rotational motion in many particle systems

Abstract A new approach to collective motion is developed which leads naturally and nonredundantly to a separation of the kinetic energy of a many-body system into rotational, vibrational and other intrinsic motions. The results are valid both classically and quantum mechanically and do not require the imposition of approximate constraints.
On the use of stress values as an exploration tool

This paper discusses the possibility of using readily available isallo stress lines referring to the compressional angle γ, as an exploration tool. It is shown that inhomogeneities in the Earth will produce anomalies in the isallo stress lines. Conversely, stress anomalies can be interpreted in terms of inhomogeneities in the Earth. The stress anomalies produced by a simple inhomogeneity are discussed which serves to illustrate the idea.
Reaction of early transition metal complexes with macrocycles. II. Synthesis and structure of TiCl3(H2O) 18-crown-6, a compound with a unique bidentate bonding mode for the 18-crown-6 molecule

18-crown-6 reacts with TiCl3 in CH2Cl2 to form a complex in which the crown ether functions as a tridentate ligand. Addition of moist hexane affords a molecular complex in which the crown ether functions as a bidentate ligand. A water molecule is bonded directly to the titanium atom and is further hydrogen bonded to three of the oxygen atoms of the crown. The deep blue crystals of the CH2Cl2 adduct belong to the monoclinic space groupP21/n witha=13.481(8),b=8.021(5),c=21.425(9) A, β=97.32(5)°, andρ calc = 1.51 g cm−3 forZ=4. Refinement led to a conventionalR value of 0.040 based on 873 observed reflections. The Ti−O bond distances for the crown oxygen atoms are 2.123(8) and 2.154(9) A, while the oxygen atom of the water molecule is bonded at 2.072(8) A. The octahedral coordination sphere of the titanium atom is completed by the three chlorine atoms at distances of 2.340(5), 2.352(4), and 2.373(4) A.
Experimental performance of a microwave cavity plasma disk ion source

The detailed description and performance characteristics of a microwave ion source are presented. This ion source utilizes an internally tuned, single-mode (or selective multimode) cylindrical cavity applicator to focus and match microwave energy into a disk-shaped discharge zone. The combination of mode focus control and variable, internal cavity matching allows the efficient operation and beam extraction over a wide range of pressures, powers and gaseous inputs. Experimental measurements of ion beam current versus accelerating voltage and input microwave power in xenon and oxygen gas are presented. Ion source specific energy and mass utilization versus experimental variables are also determined. The experimental performance demonstrates the ability of this ion source to extract an ion beam with a well matched, stable, and continuous operation over a wide range of input gases, low pressures, and over input gas flow rates in excess of 100 to a few sccm. Double Langmuir probe measurements in xenon gas indicate high degrees of ionization, and electron and ion concentrations in excess of 100 critical densities in the microwave discharge zone. This ion source has many potential uses such as spacecraft electric propulsion, material ion beam processing, and neutral beam ion sources.
Lightweight Streaming Protocol (LSP)

A new streaming protocol is proposed for multimedia applications. The proposed protocol, referred to as Lightweight Streaming Protocol (LSP), is an application layer protocol that sits atop UDP. The protocol is intended to improve the quality and reliability of media stream by borrowing features from reliable protocols such as retransmission and flow control while not sacrificing performance. The protocol offers semi-reliable transport. Instead of trying to guarantee 100% data delivery the protocol simply recovers as many packets as possible within a specified deadline. In addition the protocol incorporates features such as probabilistic redundant NAK transmission and flow control through selective frame dropping. Preliminary simulations show that LSP performs extremely well in channels with random packet loss such as congested networks. The protocol also performs reasonably well in channels that have short bursts of lost packets such as wireless networks.