cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-phased resource allocation for a production/distribution system

Abstract The MRP model and logic yield the time-phased requirements for the several levels in a combined manufacturing/distribution logistics system. With some simplifying assumptions and ignoring batch sizes the time phased requirements and costs can be inserted into a transportation model and an ‘optimum’ production/distribution schedule derived. Real problems, such as described, are often very large so that operational solutions cannot be obtained without an enormous amount of data input and a large and accessible computer. The most viable approaches appear to be those which include the human in the analysis and decision loops. This can be done by utilizing an information system which keeps the data bases current and then process these data on line to produce graphic (Gantt charts) and tabular displays of feasible schedules. These schedules include the constraints of lead times, batch sizes, changeover, etc. which could be judged by an economic measure. Satisficing solutions can thus be obtained from sessions of “what if” where heuristic schedule and allocation rules are tested with an interactive DRP/MRP computer module as described. On occasion or periodically these schedules can be compared to an optimum schedule as computed from a large, mixed integer program if the real problem can be accurately modeled.
Trends of isotope yields observed in reactions induced by 16O ions of 140, 315 and 33600 MeV

Abstract Isotope yields from reactions induced by 16 O ions of 140 and 315 MeV on 94 Zr, 197 Au, 208 Pb and 232 Th targets are measured and compared with published data at 33.6 GeV. The previously reported similarity of cross sections at 315 MeV and 33.6 GeV is augmented by the fact that the relative isotope yields are essentially target independent at 315 MeV (as has been established at 33.6 GeV). Significant differences are observed between cross sections at 140 and 315 MeV.
Letter to the Editor-Some Comments on the Traveling Salesman Problem

The purpose of this note is to complement Bellmore and Nemhauser's recent 1968 survey of the traveling salesman problem.
Survey of asthma practice among emergency physicians

Purpose The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) published guidelines for asthma management in 1991. The purpose of this study is to assess the concordance between emergency physicians' practice and the guidelines. Design Survey mailed to emergency physicians. Nonrespondents were mailed a second copy of the survey. Participants Eight hundred randomly selected active members of the American College of Emergency Physicians. Interventions None. Measurements Participants were asked questions regarding training, current asthma practices, and sources of information on asthma management. Results Eight hundred questionnaires were mailed, of which 416 (52%) were returned. Sixty-four percent of respondents administer β-agonists consistent with the NAEPP guidelines. Seventy-five percent of respondents administer corticosteroids in similar accord, while 75% prescribed outpatient corticosteroids in concordance with those recommendations. Fortyseven percent report measuring pretreatment pulmonary function more than half the time and only 38% report checking pulmonary function prior to disposition more than half the time. Conclusions Most emergency physicians surveyed use β-agonists and steroids at least as often as recommended. A minority of emergency physicians reported utilizing pulmonary function testing in the manner recommended by the NAEPP.
Suspended Membrane Single Crystal Silicon Micro Hotplate for Differential Scanning Calorimetry

This paper introduces an array of single crystal silicon micro hotplates for differential scanning calorimetry. Based on heat transfer analysis considering tradeoffs between response time, temperature uniformity, and measurement sensitivity, suspended membrane micro hotplates with full backside release were found to be optimal designs. Due to the requirements of routine sample loading, the size of the heater is 100 or 200 ?m while the size of the backside membrane cavity is 400 ?m. Our design achieves a combination of time constant, temperature sensitivity, and heating efficiency that are comparable or superior to previously reported microcalorimeters.
The Use of Persuasive Appeals and Public Relations in the Travel and Tourism Industry Post-9/11

ABSTRACT Since September 11, 2001, changing consumer patterns have resulted in significant financial losses for the travel and tourism industry. This paper examines the effect of 9/11 on persuasive appeals used by travel destinations to adjust to the market shift and on the amount of public relations used in promotion. An exploratory study of 46 public relations practitioners in travel and tourism found that entertainment and humor appeals had surpassed the use of factual appeals, and that public relations efforts had increased, on average, 8%, while marketing and advertising efforts decreased.
ASPECTS OF ARGUMENT STRUCTURE ACQUISITION IN INUKTITUT. Shanley E. M. Allen . Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1996. Pp. xvii + 248. $79.00 cloth.

The acquisition of Native American languages is an area of study in which there is still much work to be done, and this is especially true of Inuit languages. That alone makes Shanley Allen's Aspects of argument structure acquisition in Inuktitut a welcome addition to the list of publications on first language learning. The book is not, however, strictly intended for those who study Native American language acquisition. The extensive background information provided, both theoretical and methodological, makes Allen's work accessible to linguists with various interests. Furthermore, although her analysis is based largely on principles and parameters theory, she deliberately makes her research amenable to a variety of theoretical frameworks.
Polypseudorotaxanes via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerizations of [2]Catenanes

A bis-phenanthroline [2]catenane copper complex, consisting of one olefinic macrocycle and one nonolefinic macrocycle, underwent an entropy-driven ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to provide a polypseudorotaxane. The polymerization featured an average degree of polymerization of ca. 63 wherein the polymer was effectively saturated with threaded macrocycles. Removal of the copper led to near complete release of the macrocycles from the polymer backbone.
Porous graphene oxide frameworks: Synthesis and gas sorption properties

We report detailed synthesis of a range of porous graphene oxide frameworks (GOFs) by expansion of graphene oxide (GO) sheets with various linear boronic acid pillaring units in a solvothermal reaction. The GOF structures develop through boronate-ester formation as a result of B–O bonding between boronic acids and oxygen functional groups on the GO layers. Synthesized GOFs exhibit periodic layered structures with largely expanded interlayer spacing as characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The boronate-ester link formation is further evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the strong boronate-ester bonds between GO layers results in improved thermal stability over the precursor GO. The solvent-free, evacuated frameworks provide highly increased accessible surface area for nitrogen adsorption compared to GO alone, which depends on the type and length of the boronic acid, indicating the importance of pillaring unit. Both isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) and the adsorbed hydrogen capacity per surface area are twice as large as typical porous carbon materials and comparable to metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal centers. This enhanced Qst and adsorption capacity is attributed to optimum interlayer spacing between graphene planes such that hydrogen molecules interact with both surfaces. Finally, our systematic study reveals the profound effect of both synthesis and activation temperatures to obtain porous framework structures.
THE MEANING OF INFANT EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS: REGULARITIES IN CAREGIVING RESPONSES IN NORMAL AND DOWN'S SYNDROME INFANTS

SUMMARY In two studies, photographs of facial expressions of normal and Down's syndrome infants were viewed by mothers who recognized discrete emotions and reported regularities in caregiving associated with these emotions. Stimulating interactions were reported more frequently for high intensity expressions than for low intensity expressions. While these regularities held for both groups of infants, high intensity expressions were less frequent in the Down's group. The biological mothers of Down's infants seemingly compensated by reporting more stimulating interventions in response to their infants' low intensity expressions. Mothers who were unfamiliar with both groups of infants did not evidence this compensatory adjustment.
Effect of pH and NaCl concentration on the stability of surfactant-free foam films.

The stability of surfactant-free foam films was studied in NaCl solutions of varying concentration and pH using the thin film pressure balance (TFPB) technique. In pure water, it was not possible to produce foam films due to weak film elasticity and the strong attractive hydrophobic force in foam films, despite the presence of strong repulsive double-layer force. In the presence of a very small amount of an electrolyte, however, the hydrophobic force was dampened, allowing metastable foam films to form. As the NaCl concentration was raised above 10-6 M, the film stability diminished as a result of double-layer compression. The TFPB technique was also used to measure the equilibrium film thicknesses (He) in 10-5 M NaCl solutions of varying pH; He reached a maximum of approximately 130 nm at pH 6.0-7.3, and decreased on either side of this pH range as a result of the increased ionic strength caused by the HC1 and NaOH added to control the pH. The hydrophobic force in surfactant-free foam films was maximum at pH 7.3, where the concentration of electrolytes, including that of H2CO3 species, was minimum. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
Potential use of stem cells from bone marrow to repair the extracellular matrix and the central nervous system

A subset of stem-like cells from bone marrow that are referred to as marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to be capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, astrocytes and perhaps neurons. Recently, conditions have been developed where human MSCs can be expanded almost without limit in culture without apparently losing their multipotentiality for differentiation. The cells appear to be potentially useful for the repair of extracellular matrix and the central nervous system.
In vitro responses of primed rabbit lymph node cells to myoglobin and its synthetic antigenic peptides: Production of macrophage inhibitory factor and antibody to myoglobin

Abstract Rabbits were inhected in the hind foot pads with 5 mg sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in complete Freund's adjuvant. At least 30 days later the draining popliteal lymp nodes were removed for the preparation of cell cultures. These cultures were challenged for the first 24 hr with various amounts of either Mb or synthetic Mb peptides. The medium collected after 24 hr of culture was employed for the assay of macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF). 14 C-leucine was added to the cells during 72–120 hr of culture to radioactively label newly synthesized antibody (to Mb). The culture medium collected at 120 hr was then utilized for the assay of radioactive antibody. Synthetic Mb peptides representing sequences 1–6, 15–22, 15–23, 16–22, 54–62, 56–62, 57–63, 94–100, 113–119 and 146–151 induced the Mb-primed lymph node cell cultures to synthesize antibody to Mb. Peptides from all of these regions—except 1–6-induced these cultures to produce MIF. The addition of a singe peptide to a culturel usually induced either antibody or MIF, not both. These results are discussed in terms of some of the possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of induction of these responses by these peptides.
Drug and alcohol use, delinquency, and vandalism among upper middle class pre- and post-adolescents.

This article analyzes data from a survey research study of students in the fifth through twelfth grades of an upper middle class Chicago suburban community. The findings indicate the use of alcohol and drugs among both prepubertal and teenage students, and the involvement of both groups in theft and vandalism. The level of community affluence and quality of community institutions and services rule out the explanations (“the tangle of pathology”) usually offered in studies of delinquency in lower class and low-income communities. Peer group pressures and psychogenic factors appear to influence these kinds of acting-out behavior. And since considerable numbers of students noted that their parents had not established certain important regulations for them, the view advanced by this study is that deficient socialization and inadequate parenting also appear to be causes of these behavioral problems. However, since the study did not categorize the data in a way to permit cross-tabulations either supporting or invalidating this argument, this conclusion is a tentative one. It is suggested that future research dealing with these problems among this social stratum investigate the influence of parenting on acting-out behavior.
Templates and Twinning in Topotaxy

The oriented growth of a product phase within a reactant crystal (topotaxy) may be directionally unique if directional point-group symmetry elements of the reactant crystal structure are preserved in the aligned crystal structure of the product. When the specific topotaxy results in an angular divergence between these elements, multiple orientations of the product phase may grow within the pseudomorph (conservative twinning). Irrespective of the specific topotaxy, the total product phase appears to orient so as to conserve the point-group symmetry elements of the initial lattice. Several examples of conservative twinning in transformations of 2-iododibenzoyl peroxides and the closely related benziodoxole structures are presented together with matrices describing the specific topotaxies. In most cases, several oriented products are simultaneously and consecutively formed and it is difficult a posteriori to define their individual roles in the transformation. Conservative twinning and sometimes its conspicuous absence provide important clues for the identification of that lattice which controls the alignment of a particular product phase.
Estimating risk in Medicare patients with THA: an electronic risk calculator for periprosthetic joint infection and mortality.

Background Although risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and mortality after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been identified, interactions between specific patient risk factors are poorly understood. Therefore, it is difficult for surgeons to counsel patients on their individual risk of PJI or mortality after THA.
Transmission-Line Fault Analysis Using Synchronized Sampling

An automated analysis approach, which can automatically characterize fault and subsequent relay operation, is the focus of this paper. It utilizes synchronized samples captured during transients from both ends of the transmission line to detect, classify, and locate transmission-line faults and can verify that the tripped line has indeed experienced a fault. The proposed method is tested for several faults simulated on an IEEE 118-bus test system and it has been concluded that it can detect and classify a fault using prefault and postfault recorded samples within 7 ms of fault inception and can accurately locate a fault with 3% accuracy. This time response performance is highly desirable since with the increasing use of modern circuit breakers, which can open the faulty line in less than two cycles, the time window of the captured waveforms is significantly reduced due to the unavailability of measurement signals after breakers open.
Ultrastructural features of budding cells in a prokaryote belonging to morphotype IV of the Blastocaulis-Planctomyces group

Budding cells of prokaryotes belonging to morphotype IV of theBlastocaulis-Planctomyces group showed several unusual ultrastructural features. Those presented in this preliminary survey pertain to the cell envelope, the nucleoplasm, the connecting channel between mother cell and bud, and an assortment of cellular inclusions.
Drug-induced q-T prolongation

Drug therapy may induce Q-T prolongation by alteration of potassium ion currents in cardiac cells, resulting in abnormal repolarization. Q-T prolongation, whether congenital or acquired, has been associated with the development of the malignant dysrhythmia Torsade de Pointes (TdP), which may result in sudden death. Re-cent regulatory actions and drug withdrawals due to Q-T prolongation or TdP have focused attention on this issue. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology continues to evolve, both patient and medication factors contribute to the individual risk of drug-induced Q-T prolongation or TdP. The clinician should be aware of these issues when prescribing new drugs and should weigh the risks and benefits carefully when prescribing drugs known to prolong the Q-T interval.
Issues in the classification of pervasive and other developmental disorders: toward DSM-IV.

Recent research has demonstrated the utility and limitations of the DSM-III diagnostic scheme for the pervasive developmental disorders. Changes in the axial placement of disorders and further elaboration of the multiaxial system would permit increased specificity of individual differences within diagnostic categories. Current research suggests that the specificity of diagnostic criteria could be improved substantially and that such criteria could be made truly operational. The elaboration of such a diagnostic scheme would benefit both research and clinical service.
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of HLH

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory disorder resulting from immune dysfunction reflecting either primary immune deficiency or acquired failure of normal immune homeostasis. Familial HLH includes autosomal recessive and X-linked disorders characterized by uncontrolled activation of T cells and macrophages and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, secondary to defects in genes encoding proteins involved in granule-dependent cytolytic pathways. In older children and adults, HLH is associated more often with infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and acquired immune deficiencies. HLH, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are different clinical entities that probably represent a common immunopathological state, termed cytokine storm. These conditions may be clinically indistinguishable; all include massive inflammatory response, elevated serum cytokine levels, multi-organ involvement, haemophagocytic macrophages, and often death. Tissues of haematopoietic and lymphoid function are directly involved; other organs are secondarily damaged by circulating cytokines and chemokines. Haemophagocytic disorders are now increasingly diagnosed in the context of severe inflammatory reactions to viruses, malignancies and systemic connective tissue diseases. Many of these cases may reflect underlying genetic predispositions to HLH. The detection of gene defects has contributed considerably to our understanding of HLH, but the mechanisms leading to acquired HLH have yet to be fully determined.
Three methods for analysing correlated ROC curves: a comparison in real data sets from multi-reader, multi-case studies with a factorial design

This paper compares three published methods for analysing multiple correlated ROC curves: a method using generalized estimating equations with marginal non-proportional ordinal regression models; a method using jackknifed pseudovalues of summary statistics; a method using a corrected F-test from analysis of variance of summary statistics. Use of these methods is illustrated through six real data examples from studies with the common factorial design, that is, multiple readers interpreting images obtained with each test modality on each study subject. The issue of the difference between typical summary statistics and summary statistics from typical ROC curves is explored. The examples also address similarities and differences among the analytical methods. In particular, while point estimates of differences between test modalities are similar, the standard errors of these differences do not agree for all three methods. A simulation study supports the standard errors provided by the generalized estimating equations with marginal non-proportional ordinal regression models. Copyright ©2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
425 million for space station

The Space Station will funded at only about half of the $767 million requested in the 1988 budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and overall the agency will receive $8,856 billion for the current fiscal year (FY) in the deficit-reduction package passed by Congress in late December. Despite an earlier complaint that reductions in the space station budget would kill the program and an apparent lack of support from the White House, NASA's official reaction was full of good cheer. NASA will be able to use the $425 million in two installments, $200 million now and $225 million in June. In October, NASA administrator James Fletcher stated in a letter to Senator Jake Garn (R-Utah) that if the space station received no more than $440 million, he would “recommend termination” of the program. But after the budget was approved, NASA said that the $425 million “reflected the strong commitment of the President and the Congress to proceed with the development of a space station.” A recent request to President Reagan from congressional proponents of the station for a letter of support for the multibillion dollar project was declined.
Generation and thermal bond relocation of a sterically congested cyclononatetraenyl anion

Abstract The sterically strained anion 4 was found to be thermally labile to subzero workup, readily undergoing temperature-dependent electrocyclization to a variety of tetracyclic frames.
A method for assay of catalase with the oxygen cathode.

Abstract Catalase can be assayed very simply with the oxygen cathode, by measuring the initial rate of oxygen release from a solution of hydrogen peroxide or sodium perborate. The substrate concentration is high enough, and the time short enough, to prevent decreasing rates during the reaction. The method is suitable for use with crude tissue preparations, as well as with purified enzyme. The initial reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. An apparent K m of 0.1 M for H 2 O 2 and 0.08 M for perborate was observed.
An immunological study of the diphtheria toxin molecule.

Abstract Quatitative immunochemical studies of the reaction between horse and rabbit antitoxins with purified fragment A and fragment B polypeptides isolated from nicked diphtheria toxin, and with two non-toxic serologically related, mutant proteins, crm 45 and crm 197 , have made it possible to map the locations of certain antigenic determinants along the toxin molecule. Antibodies directed against the fragment A portion of the molecule inhibit the enzymic activity of isolated fragment A and of reduced and alkylated nicked toxin in vitro , but fail to neutralize toxin in vivo . Antibodies against determinants on fragment B, especially those located on its 17,000 dalton C-terminus, have a high affinity for toxin and neutralize toxicity in vivo by preventing its attachment to the sensitive cell membrane, but do not interact with fragment A. Evidence is presented that the avidity of an antitoxin is inversely related to its anti-fragment A content. Since anti-fragment A fails to neutralize the action of toxin in vivo , maximal avidity is possible only in sera that contain no anti-fragment A. It is further suggested that most of the antigenic determinants of fragment A are masked in intact toxin, but become uncovered as a result of degradation of the more labile fragment B portion of the molecule either as a result of proteolytic action during storage in vitro , or in the animal that is being immunized.
Comparative ultrastructure of spermatozoa of the redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus and the yabby Cherax destructor (Decapoda, Parastacidae)

Abstract Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of redclaw Cherax quadricarinatus and yabby Cherax destructor were described and compared. The acrosome complex and nucleus are located at the anterior and posterior region of the spermatozoon, respectively. The acrosome is a complex vesicle divided into two parts: the main body of the acrosome appears as a dense cup-shaped structure in longitudinal sagittal view, with the subacrosome zone occupying the central area of the vesicle. The acrosome is larger in C. quadricarinatus (width 2.37 ± 0.27 μm, length 1.31 ± 0.23 μm) than in C. destructor (width 1.80 ± 0.27 μm, length 1.01 ± 0.15 μm). There was no significant difference in L:W ratios of the studied species. The subacrosome zone in both species consists of two areas of different electron density. The nucleus is substantially decondensed and irregular in shape, with elaborate extended processes. The examined species exhibited a well-conserved structure of crayfish spermatozoon, similar to those of Cherax cainii and Cherax albidus. Small acrosome size, the absence of radial arms, and an extracellular capsule seem to be the morphological features that mostly distinguish Cherax from the Astacidae and Cambaridae.
CH-46 Sea Knight flight test results for the Rotor Acoustic Monitoring System (RAMS)

From August 28 to September 18, 1997, Honeywell's Rotor Acoustic Monitoring System was successfully flight-tested at Patuxent River Naval Base. This flight-test was the culmination of an ambitious, 40-month, proof-of-concept effort to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting crack propagation in helicopter rotor components. During the three weeks of flight-testing, the system was operated on 12 flights plus one ground test and accumulated more than 16 hours of flight data recorder data and about 25 Gbyte of digital data from eight on-rotor acoustic sensors. The flight-test showed that rotor head acoustic monitoring could be uniquely valuable not only for rotor crack and fault detection but also for monitoring the general health of the entire rotor assembly. This paper presents preliminary results from that flight-test.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Almost Astronauts and the Pursuit of Reliability in Children’s Nonfiction

A recent surge of conversation about children’s nonfiction reveals a conflict between two positions that do not at first appear to be opposed: modeling inquiry and presenting authoritative facts. Tanya Lee Stone, the author of the Sibert Award-winning Almost Astronauts (2009), has recently alluded to that tension and expressed a preference for nonfiction that is reliable. This essay takes Almost Astronauts as a test case, focusing especially on how it portrays its original research and its two key characters: Jerrie Cobb and Jackie Cochran. The essay uses these examples to argue that in pursuing reliability, Almost Astronauts suppresses complexity and opportunities to model inquiry, thereby sacrificing both critical engagement and accuracy.
Complex data compression techniques: some new approaches

The most important parameter in search and rescue is the time it takes to locate the downed aircraft and rescue the survivors. The resulting requirement for wide-area coverage, fine resolution, and day-night all-weather operation dictates the use of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. The time urgency combined with the high data volume leads to the need for a new type of data compression. This paper presents and evaluates candidate compression algorithms for SAR raw phase history and for SAR complex imagery.
Randomized clinical trial comparing balloon dilatation to transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatc hyperplasia

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness and clinical outcome of patients treated by balloon dilatation of the prostate (BDP) compared with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) we performed a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Fifty-one men were randomized to either BDP or TURP. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in symptom score from preoperative levels (TURP 13.6 to 6.0 [p
Effectiveness of clopidogrel and aspirin versus ticlopidine and aspirin in preventing stent thrombosis after coronary stent implantation.

Background—Ticlopidine has been shown to reduce the incidence of stent thrombosis compared with warfarin, but it may cause serious hematological side effects. Clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine derivative, may be a safe alternative to ticlopidine. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel and aspirin with those of ticlopidine and aspirin in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Methods and Results—The population of this study consisted of 2 groups: patients who underwent coronary stenting and were treated with ticlopidine and aspirin (TA group, n=1406), and patients who underwent coronary stenting followed by treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin (CA group, n=283). At 1-month follow-up, there was no difference in stent thrombosis (1.5% versus 1.4%, P=1.0) or major adverse cardiac events (3.1% versus 2.4%, P=0.85) between the TA and CA groups, respectively. The probability of any side effect (neutropenia, diarrhea, rash) was significantly higher in the TA group ...
Further examination of Stark broadening by ion perturbers

Abstract Several refinements are made in a recently proposed relaxation theory of Stark broadening by ion perturbers. The number of required field-dependent functions is reduced from two to one. The assumption of non-interacting, screened quasi-particles allows the many perturber average to be reduced to a one-particle average within the validity of the theory. In addition, a closely related alternative formulation is presented which has some calculational advantages.
Pseudoscalar electromagnetic form factors: Vector dominance and quantum chromodynamics

Abstract The electromagnetic form factors of π 0 and η are examined in the light of recent theoretical and experimental findings. Remarkable agreement between the predictions of vector-meson dominance and quantum chromodynamics is obtained.
Crowd flux analysis and abnormal event detection in unstructured and structured scenes

This paper presents a spatio-temporal grid-based framework to deal with the complexity of structured and unstructured motion flows that can effectively group optical flows in the field of view into crowds. This approach utilizes motion flows of the features based on a grid in a scene. In order to detect abnormal events in crowded scenes, the proposed method measures motion features including the speed and direction of moving objects based on a spatio-temporal grid-based approach for flow representation. Experiments have been conducted on several different videos in three domains that are crosswalks, escalators, and highways. To evaluate and compare the performance of our method to other methods, ROC curves are plotted which take into consideration both detection rate and false alarm rate for multiple threshold values.
Effects of Hypothalamic and Hypophysial Estrogen Implants on Pituitary and Plasma LH in Ovariectomized Rabbits

Effects exerted by localized hypothalamic and hypophysial implants of minute amounts of estradiol benzoate on pituitary and plasma LH were studied with the use of the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method (OAAD). In control ovariectomized rabbits the pituitary LH content measured 0.53 ±0.05 μg/mg- When estrogen was implanted in the posterior median eminencebasal tuberal region of the hypothalamus (PME), the pituitary LH content was reduced to less than 0.1 μg/mg in 5 of 7 rabbits. However, when estrogen was implanted in other parts of the hypothalamus, it failed to depress pituitary LH (0.51 ±0.06 μg/mg). With estrogen in the anterior hypophysis, the pituitary LH content was also somewhat lowered (0.34 ±0.03 μg/mg). The castration level of plasma OAAD, an indicator of plasma LH content, was 21.6 ± 3.3 % as compared with the normal (noncastrate) level of 5.8 ±0.9%. Estrogen implants in PME inhibited the postcastration elevation in plasma OAAD (9.1 ±3.4%), whereas implants in other parts of the hypothalamu...
Pulse scattering from objects near an ocean surface and the inverse problem of target identification

We have developed the correct theory to describe scattering from targets near an interface. Pulse signals are particularly interesting because with proper placement of source and receiver it is possible to extract information about target depth and target characteristics from resonance properties. In this work we present the correct formulation of scattering from a target near an interface, and we present form functions and pulse return signals for spheroidal shells near an ocean surface or rigid bottom. Results for several cases are described.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aspergillus terreus endophthalmitis

We report a case of Aspergillus terreus endophthalmitis and review the 4 previously reported cases. Immunosuppression, intravenous drug use, intraocular surgery or trauma, and a compatible clinical picture should raise suspicion of the diagnosis. This species often exhibits resistance to amphotericin B and outcomes are poor despite current therapies.
The Association between PGE2 Activity and Mucosal Permeability in Proximal Small Bowel

Little is known about the ontogeny of cyclooxygenase activity and synthesis of prostaglandins in the developing gastrointestinal tract. We tested the hypothesis that an age-related increase in cyclooxygenase as reflected in production of PGE2 in the proximal small bowel (PSB) is associated with the maturation of the mucosal barrier as determined by 51Cr-EDTA permeability. Cyclooxygenase activity in PSB of rats at 10, 22, 36, and 63 (adult) days of age was determined by the generation of PGE2 using specific radioimmunoassay. Systemic 51Cr-EDTA clearance into the lumen was used to assess mucosal barrier function in PSB in 10- to 12-day-old and adult rats. Prostaglandin E2 generation rose significantly from 24.8 +/- 0.4 pg/mg/min in 10-day-old rats to 125.0 +/- 7.8 in adult rats. The 51Cr-EDTA clearance decreased significantly from 5.08 +/- 0.90 ml/min/100 g in 10- to 12-day-old rats to 0.43 +/- 0.18 ml/min/100 g in adult rats. To assess the possible role of endogenous PGE2 in directly mediating these observed changes in the mucosal permeability, a group of adult rats chronically received indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg/day) over a 3-day period, while another group of vehicle-treated rats served as controls. The 51Cr-EDTA clearance of the indomethacin-treated rats was significantly higher than the control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Keratin 5-Cre-driven excision of nonmuscle myosin IIA in early embryo trophectoderm leads to placenta defects and embryonic lethality

In studies initially focused on roles of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) in the developing mouse epidermis, we have discovered that a previously described cytokeratin 5 (K5)-Cre gene construct is expressed in early embryo development. Mice carrying floxed alleles of the nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain gene (NMHC IIAflox/flox) were crossed with the K5-Cre line. The progeny of newborn pups did not show a Mendelian genotype distribution, suggesting embryonic lethality. Analysis of post-implantation conceptuses from embryonic day (E)9.5 to E13.5 revealed poorly developed embryos and defective placentas, with significantly reduced labyrinth surface area and blood vessel vascularization. These results suggested the novel possibility that the bovine K5 promoter-driven Cre-recombinase was active early in trophoblast-lineage cells that give rise to the placenta. To test this possibility, K5-Cre transgenic mice were crossed with the mT/mG reporter mouse in which activation of GFP expression indicates Cre transgene expression. We observed activation of K5-Cre-driven GFP expression in the ectoplacental cone, in the extraembryonic ectoderm, and in trophoblast giant cells in the E6.5 embryo. In addition, we observed GFP expression at E11.5 to E13.5 in both the labyrinth of the placenta and the yolk sac. NMIIA expression was detected in these same cell types in normal embryos, as well as in E13.5 yolk sac and labyrinth. These findings taken together suggest that NMHC IIA may play critical roles in the early trophoblast-derived ectoplacental cone and extraembryonic ectoderm, as well as in the yolk sac and labyrinth tissues that form later. Our findings are consistent with phenotypes of constitutive NMIIA knockout mice made earlier, that displayed labyrinth and yolk sac-specific defects, but our findings extend those observations by suggesting possible NMIIA roles in trophoblast lineages as well. These results furthermore demonstrate that K5-Cre gene constructs, previously reported to be activated starting at approximately E12.5 in the forming epidermis, may be widely useful as drivers for activation of cre/lox based gene excision in early embryo extraembronic trophoblast tissues as well.
Spontaneous Deiodination of I131-Labeled Thyroid Extracts on Filter Paper

When thyroid extracts, prepared from the thyroids of rats previously injected with I131, were applied to filter paper for chromatography, a spontaneous deiodination occurred, similar to that described in the preceding paper for individual iodinated amino acids. The effect was especially marked with dilute extracts, which displayed as much as 10-fold increases in I131-iodide after 25 min of drying on filter paper. This increase was not affected by previous heating of the thyroid extract at 100 C for 5 min, suggesting that thyroid deiodinases were not involved. Even with minimal drying values, paper chromatography of thyroid extracts generally yielded somewhat higher results for radioiodide than those observed with paper electrophoresis. The latter procedure, therefore, is probably more reliable for accurate determination of I131-iodide in thyroid tissue. Thyroid extracts that had been digested with pancreatin did not display appreciable spontaneous deiodination on filter paper. However, a large release of ...
A model of filament-wound thin cylinders

A model was developed for simulating he manufacturing process of filament-wound cylinders made of a thermoset matrix composite. The model relates the process variables (winding speed, fiber tension, applied temperature) to the parameters characterizing the composite cylinder and the mandrel. The model is applicable to cylinders for which the diameter is large compared to the wall thickness. The model was implemented by a user-friendly computer code suitable for generating numerical results.
Prostate irradiation as an alternative to the conventional management of benign prostatic hypertrophy

To help determine the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) as an alternative to conventional treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), seven patients were treated at Hahnemann University Hospital (Philadelphia, PA), between November 1981 and May 1988, with megavoltage RT for BPH. Indications for treatment included severely symptomatic disease while having medical contraindications to, or refusal of conventional treatments. Doses ranged from 2,000 to 2,400 cGy, using 300–400 cGy fractions twice per week for 2.5–3 weeks. Radiation was delivered using 6 MV photons. All patients experienced good relief of both irritative and obstructive symptoms. Six of seven patients remained free of recurrent symptoms. There were no short- or long-term complications. These preliminary data suggest that there may be a future role for RT in the treatment of BPH in the medically inoperable patient. However, further study is needed before this can be seriously considered a standard treatment alternative. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of systemic opioid receptor ligands on ethanol- and sucrose seeking and drinking in alcohol-preferring (P) and Long Evans rats

The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in mediating the reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH). Naltrexone (NTX), an opioid antagonist with concentration-dependent selectivity for the mu receptor, naltrindole (NTI), a selective delta receptor antagonist, and U50,488H, a selective kappa receptor agonist were examined in both alcohol-preferring (P) and nonselected (Long Evans (LE)) rats to determine whether they differentially affected the seeking and consumption of EtOH and sucrose. Using the sipper-tube model, rats reinforced with either 2 % sucrose or 10 % EtOH were injected with vehicle and either NTI (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg), U50 (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg), low-dose NTX (0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg), or high-dose NTX (1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg). Subsequent intakes (consummatory) or lever responses (seeking) were assessed. Overall, NTI, U50, and NTX attenuated intake and responding for sucrose and EtOH, with EtOH-reinforced P rats being the most sensitive to the effects of NTI on intake and seeking. U50 treatment decreased intake and seeking in both P and LE rats but did not selectively reduce EtOH intake or seeking in either line. P rats were more sensitive than LE rats to lower doses of NTX, and these doses more selectively attenuated responding for EtOH than sucrose. Higher doses of NTX suppressed intake and responding across both lines and reinforcers. These results suggest that drugs selective for the opioid receptors may be good pharmacotherapeutic targets, particularly in those with an underlying genetic predisposition for greater EtOH preference/intake.
Rab geranylgeranylation occurs preferentially via the pre-formed REP-RGGT complex and is regulated by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate

Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins. In the present paper we show that REP mutants defective in RGGT binding (REP1 F282L and REP1 F282L/V290F) are unable to compete with wild-type REP in the prenylation reaction in vitro . When over-expressed in cells, REP wild-type and mutants are unable to form stable cytosolic complexes with endogenous unprenylated Rabs. These results suggest that the alternative pathway may predominate in vivo . We also extend previous suggestions that GGPP (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate) acts as an allosteric regulator of the prenylation reaction. We observed that REP–RGGT complexes are formed in vivo and are unstable in the absence of intracellular GGPP. RGGT increases the ability of REP to extract endogenous prenylated Rabs from membranes in vitro by stabilizing a soluble REP–RGGT–Rab-GG (geranylgeranylated Rab) complex. This effect is regulated by GGPP, which promotes the dissociation of RGGT and REP–Rab-GG to allow delivery of prenylated Rabs to membranes.
Tracking Reflective Practice-Based Learning by Medical Students during an Ambulatory Clerkship

Objective To explore the use of web and palm digital assistant (PDA)-based patient logs to facilitate reflective learning in an ambulatory medicine clerkship.
Reading Words in Discourse: The Modulation of Lexical Priming Effects by Message-Level Context:

Repetition and semantic-associative priming effects have been demonstrated for words in nonstructured contexts (i.e., word pairs or lists of words) in numerous behavioral and electrophysio-logical studies. The processing of a word has thus been shown to benefit from the prior presentation of an identical or associated word in the absence of a constraining context. An examination of such priming effects for words that are embedded within a meaningful discourse context provides information about the interaction of different levels of linguistic analysis. This article reviews behavioral and electrophysiological research that has examined the processing of repeated and associated words in sentence and discourse contexts. It provides examples of the ways in which eye tracking and event-related potentials might be used to further explore priming effects in discourse. The modulation of lexical priming effects by discourse factors suggests the interaction of information at different levels in online language comprehension.
Simultaneous saccharification and co‐fermentation of paper sludge to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RWB222. Part II: Investigation of discrepancies between predicted and observed performance at high solids concentration

The simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) kinetic model described in the companion paper can predict batch and fed batch fermentations well at solids concentrations up to 62.4 g/L cellulose paper sludge but not in batch fermentation at 82.0 g/L cellulose paper sludge. Four hypotheses for the discrepancy between observation and model prediction at high solids concentration were examined: ethanol inhibition, enzyme deactivation, inhibition by non-metabolizable compounds present in paper sludge, and mass transfer limitation. The results show that mass transfer limitation was responsible for the discrepancy between model and experimental data. The model can predict the value of high paper sludge SSCF in the fermentation period with no mass transfer limitation. The model predicted that maximum ethanol production of fed-batch fermentation was achieved when it was run as close to batch mode as possible with the initial solids loading below the mass transfer limitation threshold. A method for measuring final enzyme activity at the end of fermentation was also developed in this study.
Nonlocal kinetic theory of Alfven waves on dipolar field lines

[1] Recent observations have indicated that in addition to the quasi-static acceleration of electrons in inverted V structures, auroral electrons frequently have a spectrum that is broad in energy and confined to parallel pitch angles, indicative of acceleration in low-frequency waves. Test particle models have indicated that these electrons may be accelerated by the parallel electric fields in kinetic Alfven waves. However, such models are not self-consistent, in that the wave structure is not influenced by the accelerated particles. A nonlocal kinetic theory of electrons along auroral field lines is necessary to provide this self-consistency. Results from such a model based on electron motions on dipole field lines are presented. For a typical Alfven speed profile, kinetic effects lead to significant energy dissipation when the electron temperature exceeds ∼100 eV. The dissipation generally occurs near the peak of the Alfven speed profile. This dissipation generally increases with increasing temperature and decreasing perpendicular wavelength up to ∼1 keV and 10 km, respectively. At larger temperatures and smaller perpendicular wavelengths the dissipation begins to decrease and the ionospheric Joule dissipation goes to zero, indicating that the wave is reflected from the dissipation region. Dissipation in the 0.1–1.0 Hz band is structured by the modes of the ionospheric Alfven resonator.