cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Surgical Revolving Door: Risk Factors for Hospital Readmission

Background Unplanned hospital readmissions increase healthcare costs and patient morbidity. We sought to identify risk factors associated with early readmission in surgical patients. Materials and Methods All admissions from a mixed surgical unit during 2009 were retrospectively reviewed and unplanned readmissions within 30 d of discharge were identified. Demographic data, length of stay, pre-existing diagnoses, and complications during the index admission were evaluated. T -tests and Fisher exact tests were used to examine the relationship of independent variables with readmission. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results A total of 1808 index admissions occurred during the study period. In all, 51 (3%) patients were readmitted within 30 d of discharge. The majority of readmissions (53%) were for infectious reasons. On univariate analyses, DVT ( P = 0.004) and acute renal failure ( P = 0.002) were associated with increased risk of readmission. Readmitted patients were also more likely to have public insurance (63% versus 37%, P = 0.03) and have a longer stay in the hospital (8 d, range 4–14 d versus 3 d, range 2–7 d, P = 0.001). Initial admission after trauma evaluation was associated with a decreased risk of readmission (OR 0.374, P = 0.004). Other demographic variables and pre-existing conditions were not associated with increased readmission. On multivariate logistic regression only DVT ( P = 0.039) and LOS ( P = 0.014) remained significant. Conclusions Increased LOS and the development of a DVT are risk factors for early unplanned hospital readmission. Admission following trauma is associated with a decreased risk of readmission, possibly due to proactive multidisciplinary discharge planning and geographically-based nurse practitioner involvement.
A one-pot strategy for coupling chalcogenide nanocrystals with 1D oxides for solar-driven processes

This work presents a simple approach to the synthesis of CdS coatings on TiO2 nanotubes (T_NTs) and to form a heterostructured composite. A non-pressure based, single precursor one-pot approach performed at a temperature of 160 °C is used to assemble CdS on the TiO2 surface. Surface characterization using microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis indicates the formation of dense hexagonal 〈002〉 CdS nanocrystals along the nanotube walls and inter-tubular spacing. Optical measurements indicate that the CdS absorbs in the visible region and demonstrates a red shift with increased loading: up to 12 nm red shift is noted when the precursor concentration is increased from 0.1–3 mM. The 0D CdS/1D T_NT was also tested as an anode in a photoelectrochemical cell. The electrode produced the highest reported photocurrent of 9.3 mA cm−2 under UV-visible illumination when compared with similar systems. The method may be used in assembling efficient photoanodes for multifunctional solar-driven processes.
Crystal chemical constraints on inter-mineral Fe isotope fractionation and implications for Fe isotope disequilibrium in San Carlos mantle xenoliths

The origin of variations in iron isotope compositions of mantle minerals is uncertain, and predictions of equilibrium intermineral iron isotope fractionation conflict. This hinders interpretation of the petrologic and geochemical implications of Fe isotope data from mantle lithologies. To address this, we present a revised ionic model for predicting equilibrium iron isotope fractionation between mantle minerals and use it to interpret measured inter-mineral iron isotopic fractionation from five distinct mantle xenolith lithologies from San Carlos, Arizona. The samples represent a broad range of modal abundances and include lherzolite, harzburgite, dunite, clinopyroxenite, and websterite. The xenoliths exhibit Fe-isotopic variation between minerals in a single sample, and between samples. In all cases where spinel and olivine coexist, the 57 Fe/ 54 Fe of spinel is greater than that of the corresponding olivine, agreeing with expectations for equilibrium fractionation from theory (ionic model),
The role of spatial context in activity recognition

In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework to model activities with both motion and context information for activity recognition. This is motivated from the observations that an activity does not only depend on the motion of the objects of interest but the surrounding objects also provide useful cues for an understanding of the activity. Thus the surrounding objects can serve as context for the concerned activity. Given training data, our model aims to automatically capture and weigh motion and context patterns for each activity class, from sets of predefined attributes, during the learning process. Then, the learned model is used to generate optimum labels for activities in the testing videos based on the motion and context features of these activities. We show how to learn the model parameters via an unconstrained convex optimization methodology and how to predict the correct label for a testing instance. We show promising results on the publicly available VIRAT Ground Dataset that demonstrates the benefit of modeling the surrounding context in recognizing activities in a wide-area scene.
Understanding the Emergence of Disruptive Innovation in Air Force Science and Technology Organizations

Although innovation is widely discussed in both military and industry venues, many organizations continue to struggle with what it means to be creative as well as maintain a competitive advantage. Many believe that the Department of Defense (DoD) science and technology (S&T) community, once a great leader in developing breakthrough innovation, is losing the competitive edge in technology development [11]. The United States Air Force has specifically struggled with the balance between improving existing technologies and employing revolutionary technologies [18]. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the emergence of disruptive innovation in Air Force S&T and to investigate how industry innovation strategies can foster breakthrough technology [15]. By better understanding the principles of innovation, motivation, focus of resources, barriers, and characteristics of an innovative culture, the Air Force and other military technology organizations will be uniquely positioned to transform its S&T investment strategies and reassert technological relevance for the future.
How revealing are insertable loop recorders in pediatrics

Introduction: An insertable loop recorder (ILR) in patients with infrequent syncope or palpitations may be useful to decide management strategies, including clinical observation, medical therapy, pacemaker, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). We sought to determine the diagnostic utility of the Reveal® ILR (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) in pediatric patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinical data, indications, findings, and therapeutic decision in 27 consecutive patients who underwent ILR implantation from 1998–2007. Results: The median age was 14.8 years (2–25 years). Indications were syncope in 24 patients and recurrent palpitations in three. Overall, eight patients had structural heart disease (six congenital heart disease, one hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one Kawasaki), five had previous documented ventricular arrhythmias with negative evaluation including electrophysiology study, and three patients had QT prolongation. Tilt testing was performed in 10 patients, of which five had neurocardiogenic syncope but recurrent episodes despite medical therapy. After median three months (1–20 months), 17 patients presented with symptoms and the ILR memory was analyzed in 16 (no episode stored in one due to full device memory), showing asystole or transient atrioventricular (AV) block (2), sinus bradycardia (6), or normal sinus rhythm (8). Among asymptomatic patients, 3/10 had intermittent AV block or long pauses, automatically detected and stored by the ILR. In 19 of 20 patients, ILR was diagnostic (95%) and five subsequently underwent pacemaker implantation, while seven patients remained asymptomatic without ILR events. Notably, no life-threatening events were detected. The ILR was explanted in 22 patients after a median of 22 months, two due to pocket infection, 12 for battery depletion and eight after clear documentation of nonmalignant arrhythmia. Conclusions: The ILR in pediatrics is a useful adjunct to other diagnostic studies. Patient selection is critical as the ILR should not be utilized for malignant arrhythmias. A diagnosis is attained in the majority of symptomatic patients, predominantly bradyarrhythmias including pauses and intermittent AV block.
Forward dynamic models in human motor control: Psychophysical evidence

Based on computational principles, with as yet no direct experimental validation, it has been proposed that the central nervous system (CNS) uses an internal model to simulate the dynamic behavior of the motor system in planning, control and learning (Sutton and Barto, 1981; Ito, 1984; Kawato et al., 1987; Jordan and Rumelhart, 1992; Miall et al., 1993). We present experimental results and simulations based on a novel approach that investigates the temporal propagation of errors in the sensorimotor integration process. Our results provide direct support for the existence of an internal model.
Characterization of Six Polymorphic Microsatellites for the Polychaete Tubeworm Hydroides elegans and Cross-Species Amplification in the Congener Hydroides hexagonus

We isolated and characterized six polymorphic microsatellite loci for the polychaete tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. Two additional loci were not reliably scorable and estimates of heterozygosity were obtained for the other six. In addition, cross-species amplification was successful for two loci using the congener H. hexagonus. Given that few microsatellite loci are available for polychaetes, these markers will be useful in assessing dispersal and gene flow in H. elegans and probably also other polychaetes.
Equivalent Hardware Representation of PM Synchronous Motors From the Physics-Based Phase Variable Model Obtained Through FE Computation

This paper presents an approach utilizing a machine model to achieve an equivalent hardware representation of machines as a computational prototyping tool. The purpose of our study is to find a way to perform hardware experiments of machine control without the actual machine. The proposed approach provides a way to test the control before the machine is fabricated, or in the cases where the controller needs to be experimentally tested before being implemented onto the actual machine. The equivalent hardware of a machine is built using a current controllable load, a controller, and a machine model in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real time simulation environment. The equivalent hardware representation of the machine is achieved by controlling the currents of the controllable load to be the same as the currents of the actual machine under the same operating conditions. The machine model is used to provide the reference signal for the control. In this paper, the introduction of the proposed approach is presented focusing on three issues: the machine model, the procedure to enable the machine model to be compatible with the HIL real time simulation, and performance examination. Finally, the validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated with the voltage and current waveforms and the torque and speed profiles measured at the developed equivalent hardware of the machine. A 2-hp surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor is used as an example machine to present and verify our work.
Selection of patients for clinical trials: an interactive web-based system

The purpose of a clinical trial is to evaluate a new treatment procedure. When medical researchers conduct a trial, they recruit participants with appropriate health problems and medical histories. To select participants, they analyze medical records of the available patients, which has traditionally been a manual procedure. We describe an expert system that helps to select patients for clinical trials. If the available data are insufficient for choosing patients, the system suggests additional medical tests and finds an ordering of the tests that reduces their total cost. Experiments show that the system can increase the number of selected patients. We also present an interface that enables a medical researcher to add clinical trials and selection criteria without the help of a programmer. The addition of a new trial takes 10-20min, and novice users learn the functionality of the interface in about an hour.
Issues and practices in multiple sclerosis.

The objective of this roundtable discussion of experts in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) was to summarize the current understanding of MS and its therapeutic options. The experts discussed subjects ranging from the etiology of MS to the current standards for patient care. Specific topics included the subtypes of MS, with a focus on the benign subtype, brain atrophy, the role of magnetic resonance imaging or “neuroimaging studies,” disease-modifying therapies, biological markers as indicators of drug efficacy, and combination therapies. In addition, the experts speculated as to what will be available in the near future for the improved diagnosis and management of MS. This review summarizes the main points of this discussion and is intended to serve as a reference for neurologists involved in the care of patients with MS.
Two new genera in the Nymphidiina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini)

Two new riodinid genera in the subtribe Nymphidiina (tribe Nymphidiini) are described from the lowlands of the Amazon basin. Livendula Hall, n. gen., is described with huebneri Butler as its type species, and the following eleven species are transferred to Livendula (n. combs.) from Adelotypa Warren: amasis Hewitson, aminias Hewitson, aristus Stoll, balista Hewitson, epixanthe Stichel, huebneri Butler, jasonhalli Brevignon & Gallard, leucocyana Geyer, leucophaea Hubner, pauxilla Stichel, and violacea Butler. Minotauros Hall, n. gen., is described with lampros Bates as its type species, and the following two species are transferred to Minotauros (n. combs.) from Adelotypa: lampros Bates, and charessa Stichel.
An acute vesiculobullous rash on the face.

Volume 89, Number 6 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 473 An 18-year-old man presented with a threeweek history of a painful, nonpruritic, diffuse eruption involving the face. He had a history of atopic eczema and intermittent asthma flare-ups. There was no family history of atopy. He was not taking any medication. Treatment with oral prednisone one week earlier seemed to aggravate the condition. Physical examination revealed a confluent, erythematous, edematous, hyperpigmented rash on the face. The eruption was composed of coalescent vesicles with honeycolored crusting (Figure 1). There were fissuring on the forehead and cheeks and open ulcerations in the nasomesial folds. There were no lesions elsewhere on the body.
Incorporating an Exercise Detection, Grading, and Hormone Dosing Algorithm Into the Artificial Pancreas Using Accelerometry and Heart Rate:

In this article, we present several important contributions necessary for enabling an artificial endocrine pancreas (AP) system to better respond to exercise events. First, we show how exercise can be automatically detected using body-worn accelerometer and heart rate sensors. During a 22 hour overnight inpatient study, 13 subjects with type 1 diabetes wearing a Zephyr accelerometer and heart rate monitor underwent 45 minutes of mild aerobic treadmill exercise while controlling their glucose levels using sensor-augmented pump therapy. We used the accelerometer and heart rate as inputs into a validated regression model. Using this model, we were able to detect the exercise event with a sensitivity of 97.2% and a specificity of 99.5%. Second, from this same study, we show how patients' glucose declined during the exercise event and we present results from in silico modeling that demonstrate how including an exercise model in the glucoregulatory model improves the estimation of the drop in glucose during exercise. Last, we present an exercise dosing adjustment algorithm and describe parameter tuning and performance using an in silico glucoregulatory model during an exercise event.
The Dual Credibility Model: The Influence of Corporate and Endorser Credibility on Attitudes and Purchase Intentions

This study proposes a theory of the combined influence of corporate and endorser credibility. Participants assessed the credibility of the companies and spokespersons as well as their attitudes toward the ads and brands, and their intent to purchase the advertised product. The covariance matrix was subjected to a path analysis. The model fit the data, and the findings corroborated prior research indicating that both types of source credibility have an impact on attitudes and purchase intentions albeit a differential one. The results suggest that the Dual Credibility Model partially predicts and explains advertising effectiveness for these dual sources of credibility.
Microseismic event estimation in noisy data via full waveform inversion

Full waveform inversion accurately estimates the full spatial and temporal description of a microseismic source which includes not only the location and origin time of the source but also the waveform itself. Assuming two-dimensional acoustic wave propagation, the gradient is computed via the adjointstate method for both the spatial radiation pattern and the temporal waveform of the source. Neither of these gradients requires storing the forward solution of the wave equation as is required by the imaging condition for velocity inversion. This approach identifies multiple sources, handles extremely low signal-to-noise ratio data, and produces accurate results in the absence of a good initial estimate.
In vitro incorporation of orotic acid by spleen and liver cells of rats.

SummaryCell suspensions of liver and spleen from rats incorporated labeled orotic acid into RNA when incubated in medium 199 containing 10% rat serum. Two peaks of incorporation were noted in each tissue—one at 3 hr and one at 18 hr of incubation. The rates and the extent of incorporation, however, differed markedly between the two suspensions. Cells from the liver showed a minor early peak and the most pronounced level of incorporated label at 18 hr of incubation, exceeding that of spleen for that time interval by 200-fold. Incorporation at the 3 hr period was consistently lower in cells from spleen than those from liver. This incorporation could be increased in spleen if cells were obtained from animals that had been immunized.
Host Specificity of the First-Instar of Ceuthorhynchidius horridus a Weevil for Biological Control of Thistles

Feeding tests of the 1st instar of Ceuthorhynchidius horridus (Panzer) on 35 species of plants representing 7 families revealed that the larvae survived and developed on a narrow range of plant species within the tribes Cynareae and Cichorieae of the family Compositae. The host specificity index (HSI) and the index of survivability (IS) were used to rank the tested plants. The HSI is based on feeding tunnel length and longevity for the entire test while the IS is based on percent survival and larval growth during the 1st 5 days of the test. Correlation between the 2 indices is high ( r = 0.95, P < 0.01). Both indices indicated a relatively high larval host acceptability for bull, Canada, musk, plumeless, Scotch and star thistles, immortelle, and lettuce. Musk, plumeless and bull thistles, and globe artichoke supported some larval growth to the 3rd instar.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DETECTABLE HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN T IN STABLE CARDIAC PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

High sensitivity assays detect levels of cardiac troponin (cTn) much lower than the 99th percentile of standard assays. However, the prognostic utility of detectable high sensitivity cTn in stable patients undergoing elective coronary angiography has not been described. We examined the relationship
A Taxonomic Analysis of Section Athele of the Genus Corticium. I. Genus Xenasma

The manner of basidial development, the basidial morphology, and the conglutinate or gelatinized condition of the hyphae were found to be a combination of characters which are taxonomically signifi...
Young Children Selectively Expect Failure Disclosure to High‐achieving Peers

Children make many decisions about whether and how to disclose their performance to peers, teachers, parents and others. Previous research has found that children's disclosure declines with age and that older children and teenagers preferentially choose a peer audience for performance disclosure based on similar achievement. This research examines younger children's choice of a disclosure audience: whether young children predict that people will distinguish between peers at different achievement levels, and whether or not younger children expect preferential selections between those peers for their performance disclosure. One hundred and thirty-nine children, aged 3 to 6 years, were asked about a character's disclosure of classroom performance information. At least until the age of 6 years, children predicted significantly greater disclosure of failure to a high achieving peer who had been successful. When asked to predict the disclosure of success, however, children in all age groups did not discriminate between disclosing to the high-achieving or low-achieving peer. This evidence suggests that very young children may not show the same valence-matching preferences as older children and that early school ages are a critical time when children begin to adopt social norms around disclosure that impinge on possible help-seeking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Cantharidin in Biological Samples by Solid Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography Method

Objective To develop a solid phase extraction-gas chromatography method for the determination of cantharidin in biological samples.Methods Samples were purified by using HLB solid phase extraction column and detected by gas chromatography with internal standard added.Results The recovery rate of cantharidin in biological samples ranges from 93.03% to 98.29%,the limit of detection is 0.05μg/mL.The method showed excellent linearity(the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9990).Conclusion The method could be applied in forensic toxicological analysis of cantharidin in blood and urine samples with the advantage of simple and quick operation,high recovery rate,good repetition and clean extraction.
Optimal battery management of stand-alone PV power station

In order to realize the optimal management of storage battery for the stand-alone PV power station system to prolong its working life,a multi-step charge strategy based on fuzzy-PID control arithmetic is presented,which has three steps: constant current charge,constant voltage equalizing charge and constant voltage floating charge.The floating charge voltage is compensated in real time according to battery temperature.The time criterion is combined with the current criterion to control the transition between the equalizing charge and the floating charge,avoiding the overcharge and insufficient charge.The hardware and software implementation of the controller based on proposed strategy are introduced.Experiments and site operations show that the system has high efficiency,high stability and high automation.
The Drug-Exposed Infant in the Well-Baby Nursery

Maternal substance use can have medical and developmental consequences for the newborn. Many drug-exposed infants are admitted to term nurseries, and the newborn clinician who often has never previously met the mother must gather both objective and subjective information about problems in the pregnancy and delivery that may indicate maternal substance abuse. This article addresses the prevalence of maternal substance abuse in the United States, the long-term consequences of in utero drug exposure that makes early identification important, the identification of a drug-exposed neonate, and in-hospital care and discharge management of the drug-exposed newborn.
Aliphatic amines in Antarctic CR2, CM2, and CM1/2 carbonaceous chondrites

Abstract Meteoritic water-soluble organic compounds provide a unique record of the processes that occurred during the formation of the solar system and the chemistry preceding the origins of life on Earth. We have investigated the molecular distribution, compound-specific δ13C isotopic ratios and enantiomeric compositions of aliphatic monoamines present in the hot acid–water extracts of the carbonaceous chondrites LAP 02342 (CR2), GRA 95229 (CR2), LON 94101 (CM2), LEW 90500 (CM2), and ALH 83100 (CM1/2). Analyses of the concentration of monoamines in these meteorites revealed: (a) the CR2 chondrites studied here contain higher concentrations of monoamines relative to the analyzed CM2 chondrites; (b) the concentration of monoamines decreases with increasing carbon number; and (c) isopropylamine is the most abundant monoamine in these CR2 chondrites, while methylamine is the most abundant amine species in these CM2 and CM1/2 chondrites. The δ13C values of monoamines in CR2 chondrite do not correlate with the number of carbon atoms; however, in CM2 and CM1/2 chondrites, the 13C enrichment decreases with increasing monoamine carbon number. The δ13C values of methylamine in CR2 chondrites ranged from −1 to +10‰, while in CM2 and CM1/2 chondrites the δ13C values of methylamine ranged from +41 to +59‰. We also observed racemic compositions of sec-butylamine, 3-methyl-2-butylamine, and sec-pentylamine in the studied carbonaceous chondrites. Additionally, we compared the abundance and δ13C isotopic composition of monoamines to those of their structurally related amino acids. We found that monoamines are less abundant than amino acids in CR2 chondrites, with the opposite being true in CM2 and CM1/2 chondrites. We used these collective data to evaluate different primordial synthetic pathways for monoamines in carbonaceous chondrites and to understand the potential common origins these molecules may share with meteoritic amino acids.
CYGNSS MOC; Meeting the challenge of constellation operations in a cost-constrained world

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), selected as part of NASA's Earth Venture program and launching in 2016, will use an 8 observatory micro-satellite constellation to enhance the understanding of tropical cyclone intensity development. Operating the CYGNSS constellation in a cost effective manner is a fundamental cornerstone of achieving significant science return in a cost-constrained environment. The Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has developed an innovative Mission Operations Center (MOC) designed to accommodate the constellation's significant planning and data downlink requirements [2]. The large number of data downlink opportunities necessitates a MOC that can easily identify and schedule ground contacts, and autonomously run the ground contact events from initiation of acquisition to delivery of the L0 science data. This paper will discuss the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and Government off-the-shelf (GOTS) tools leveraged, as well as in-house developed software that allow the CYGNSS MOC to meet the constellation operational challenge in a cost effective manner.
Phase and magnitude constrained metasurface holography at W-band frequencies.

Holographic optics are an essential tool for the control of light, generating highly complex and tailored light field distributions that can represent physical objects or abstract information. Conceptually, a hologram is a region of space in which an arbitrary phase shift and amplitude variation are added to an incident reference wave at every spatial location, such that the reference wave will produce a desired field distribution as it scatters from the medium. Practical holograms are composed of materials, however, which have limited properties that constrain the possible field distributions. Here, we show it is possible to produce a hologram with continuous phase distribution and a non-uniform amplitude variation at every point by leveraging resonant metamaterial elements and constraining the hologram’s pixels to match the elements’ resonant behavior. We demonstrate the viability of the resonant metamaterial approach with a single layer, co-polarized holographic metasurface that produces an image at millimeter wavelengths (92.5 GHz) despite the elements’ limited phase range and coupled amplitude dependency.
Detection of adverse drug events using an electronic trigger tool.

Purpose Implementation and refinement of an integrated electronic “trigger tool” for detecting adverse drug events (ADEs) is described. Methods A three-month prospective study was conducted at a large medical center to test and improve the positive predictive value (PPV) of an electronic health record–based tool for detecting ADEs associated with use of four “trigger drugs”: the reversal agents flumazenil, naloxone, phytonadione, and protamine. On administration of a trigger drug to an adult patient, an electronic message was transmitted to two pharmacists, who reviewed cases in near real time (typically, on the same day) to detect actual or potential ADEs. In phase 1 of the study, any use of a trigger drug resulted in an alert message; in subsequent phases, the alerting criteria were narrowed on the basis of clinical criteria and laboratory data with the goal of refining the trigger tool’s PPV. Results A total of 87 drug administrations were reviewed during the three-month study period, with 27 ADEs detected. PPV values in phases 1, 2, and 3 were 0.33, 0.21, and 0.36, respectively. The relatively low overall PPV of the trigger tool was largely attributable to false-positive trigger messages associated with phytonadione use (such messages were reduced from 35 in phase 1 to 7 in phase 3). Conclusion Evaluation and refinement of an electronic trigger tool based on detecting the use of the reversal agents flumazenil, naloxone, phytonadione, and protamine found an overall PPV of 0.31 during a three-month study period.
Sustainability behaviors among college students: an application of the VBN theory

AbstractWhile Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory has been widely applied to various populations, it has seldom been tested on college students. This study extends VBN theory to examine what socio-psychological factors influence sustainability behaviors among university students. Undergraduate students are an interesting and novel population, as they are still forming their values and beliefs, and therefore may be more open to engage in sustainability efforts. This study assessed five sustainability behaviors: (a) support for political candidates who say they will strengthen environmental policies, (b) recycling, (c) electricity use, (d) food selection, and (e) transportation choices. Findings support the notion that one’s values matter in environmental decision-making, but that different values are associated with different behaviors. Those who adhere to biospheric and altruistic values were more likely to engage in a range of sustainability behaviors whereas those who adhere to egoistic values were less like...
An Examination of Race Differences in Patients' Psychological Adjustment to Cancer

Although African Americans are at increased risk of cancer morbidity and mortality, very little is known about their psychological adjustment. African American males may be at especially high psychological risk, considering their disproportionately higher cancer mortality. Subjects were 42 African American and 56 White adults similar in age, cancer stage, marital status, and socioeconomic status. Analyses revealed no significant race or gender effects on global indices of psychological adjustment, depression, or anxiety. However, African Americans were more likely than Whites (a) to use avoidant coping strategies in dealing with the exigencies of their illness, (b) to report more cancer-related disruption in family relations, and (c) to identify fewer individuals in their social support network. No significant race differences were found on a measure of health care satisfaction. These findings highlight the need to provide a more comprehensive examination of individual, family, and socioecological variables and their relationship to psychological adaptation among minorities with cancer.
EFFECTS OF INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON THE SALT TOLERANCE OF SALMONELLA

Salt has been shown effective in preventing growth of salmonellae in foods. Many of the studies reported in the literature have been on the lethal action of high levels of salt as used in curing brines. Little information is available on the interaction of incubation temperature and low levels of salt on the growth of salmonellae. The growth of Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella typhimurium, and Salmonella derby in nutrient broth containing 0 to 8% added NaCl (in 0.5 or 1% increments) has been tested by shake cultures at 8, 12, 22, and 37 C. In addition, S. heidelberg has also been tested in 0 to 9% added NaCl at 39, 41, 43, and 45 C. At 8 C, growth of S. heidelberg took place in 1 and 2% added NaCl; S. typhimurium increased in numbers in 1% added NaCl; and S. derby failed to increase. When incubated at 12 C, the three serotypes were all able to increase in numbers in the range of 0 to 4% NaCl. At 22 C, this range increased from 0 to a maximum of 5 to 8%. When incubated at 37 C, the organisms were able to ...
Geometric Interpretation of Correlation Networks Using the Singular Value Decomposition

The nodes of a correlation network correspond to the columns of a numeric data matrix datX. Based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of datX, we are able to characterize approximately factorizable correlation networks, i.e., adjacency matrices that factor into node-specific contributions. The SVD yields singular vectors that have important practical applications. For example, the first left singular vector (referred to as the eigenvector) explains the maximum amount of variation of the columns of datX. The eigenvector is also known as module eigengene in the context of a gene co-expression network module. Right singular vectors can be used for signal balancing, e.g., to remove batch effects and other technical artifacts. Based on the eigenvector (the first left singular vector), we define a new type of network concept, referred to as eigenvector-based network concept. Eigenvector-based concepts are analogous to approximate conformity-based network concepts but have a major advantage: they often allow for a geometric interpretation based on the angular interpretation of correlations. The underlying structure of correlation networks affects network analysis results. For example, there are geometric reasons why intramodular hub nodes in important modules tend to be important, and why hub nodes in one module cannot be hubs in another distinct module. The hub node significance of a module can be interpreted as angle between a sample trait and the module eigengene. Since the intramodular connectivity kIM i is highly related to the module membership measure kME i , it can be interpreted as angle between x i and the module eigenvector ME. A short dictionary for translating between data mining- and network theory language may facilitate the communication between the two fields. Mouse and brain gene co-expression network applications are used to illustrate the results. This work reviews and extends work with Jun Dong (Horvath and Dong PLoS Comput Biol 4(8):e1000117, 2008).
Interaction Graphs for Three-Level Fractional Factorial Designs

Graph-aided methods for accommodating the estimation of interactions in factorial experiments have become popular among industrial users. Notable among them is the method of linear graphs due to Taguchi. Previously, some shortcomings of Taguchi's linear..
A National Survey on the Use of Immersive Simulation for Interprofessional Education in Physical Therapist Education Programs.

IntroductionThere is growing recognition that collaborative practice among healthcare professionals is associated with improved patient outcomes and enhanced team functioning, but development of collaborative practitioners requires interprofessional education (IPE). Immersive simulation, a clinicall
Does a one hour educational class improve compliance of chlorhexidine gluconate baths prior to operation

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) continue to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality post-operatively. One of the treatments used to prevent such infections is chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) baths prior to surgery. An obstacle to using CHG as a pre operative preventative measure to infection has been the low patient compliance rates. Our study aimed to analyze whether an educational class explaining the proper usage of CHG prior to the surgery date will improve patient compliance. Methods: We evaluated two different groups. One group consisted of patients who were scheduled for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and attended an educational class in addition to receiving the standard preoperative protocol explaining the proper application of CHG. A second group consisted of subjects undergoing any other type of surgery but was not offered the additional educational class. Results: Subjects undergoing TJA had a higher compliance rate than all other surgeries (95.8% and 77.8% respectively; p < .001). Interestingly, throughout time, the effectiveness of the educational class to improve compliance also improved (from 90.9% in the first month to 100% in the final month; p < .001). Discussion: The addition of an educational class to the standard preoperative educational protocol significantly improved patient compliance to the preoperative application of CHG in TJA Patients, and increasingly so overtime. This suggests the importance of proper patient education in the prevention of costly comorbidities such as infection. Conclusions: The use of instructional classes may be useful for improving compliance to patient protocols prior to undergoing surgery. Further research is needed to fully assess the benefits of educational classes and their correlation to patient compliance.
Cyber-physical thermal modeling for a small UAS

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can face nontrivial overheating challenges in environments with high ambient temperatures and solar insolation levels. Heat generated by propulsion, battery, and computer systems can be difficult to manage in such conditions. This paper presents results from a series of experiments designed to characterize heating and cooling profiles for an electric-powered small UAS. A single fuselage houses the electric propulsion system, an NVIDIA Jetson TK1 with multiple central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) along with a lithium-polymer battery pack powering the computer, propulsion, actuation, and communication systems. Temperature sensors were placed at multiple stations inside the fuselage, and temperature data was collected over a variety of motor thrust, CPU/GPU load, and ambient temperature conditions. Wind tunnel tests were performed to characterize heating and cooling as a function of free stream airspeed; stationary outdoor tests were conducted to examine the impact of direct sunlight on fuselage heating. Heating and cooling curves were fit to acquired data. These experimentally-derived thermal models can be used in future cyber-physical UAS models to enable tradeoffs over computational, power, and propulsion system use due to expected thermal load during mission planning and real-time flight.
British Sympathy for the South during the American Civil War and Reconstruction

This article focuses on some of the religious factors that shaped the pro-Southern lobby in Britain during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. British opinion cannot be explained only in terms of class and party. In exploring other determinants, the ideas and activities of wealthy High Churchman and Conservative politician Beresford Hope offer promising avenues of inquiry, for Hope saw in the American Union, and Southern secession, a religious dimension, represented most clearly in the Episcopal Church. To the more familiar (to historians) reasons why the South gained support in Britain—relating to economic and political interests—Hope added a deeper commitment arising from a sense of cultural affinity (the “Englishness” of the South) and from religious conviction (to him the Church, and indeed Christianity, seemed stronger in the South than in the North). This indicates a belief that Britain and the South were bound together by common Christian civilization.
Olfactory Dysfunction in the Elderly and in Alzheimer’s Disease

The sense of smell, along with its sister sense of taste, serves to monitor the intake of environmental chemicals and nutrients into the body and determines, to a large degree, the flavor and palatability of foods and beverages. Importantly, this sense warns of spoiled foods, leaking natural gas, polluted air, and smoke. As indicated in this chapter, decreased ability to smell is common in older age and can be an early sign of a number of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease [1].
Total hemispherical apparent radiative properties of the infinite V-groove with specular reflection

Abstract Multiple reflections in a cavity geometry augment the emission and absorption of the cavity opening relative to a flat surface in a phenomenon known as the cavity effect. The extent of the cavity effect is quantified using apparent absorptivity and apparent emissivity. Analysis of complicated thermal systems is simplified through application of apparent radiative properties to cavity geometries. The apparent radiative properties of a specularly-reflecting, gray, isothermal V-groove have been derived analytically, but these results have not been validated experimentally or numerically. Additionally, the model for apparent absorptivity of an infinite V-groove subjected to partial illumination in the presence of collimated irradiation is not available. In this work, the following existing models for a specularly-reflecting V-groove are collected into a single source: (1) the apparent absorptivity of a diffusely irradiated V-groove, (2) the apparent emissivity of an isothermal V-groove and (3) the apparent absorptivity of a V-groove subject to collimated irradiation with full-illumination. Further, a new analytical model is developed to predict the apparent absorptivity of an infinite V-groove subject to collimated irradiation with partial-illumination. A custom, Monte Carlo ray tracing solver is used to predict the apparent radiative properties for all cases as a means of numerical verification by comparing the ray tracing data with the results from the new model in this work and the previously existing models. For diffuse irradiation, the analytical model and ray tracing data show excellent agreement with an average discrepancy of 4.4 × 10−4, verifying the diffuse-irradiation analytical model. Similar agreement is found for collimated irradiation, where the full and partial illumination models indicate average discrepancies of 4.9 × 10−4 and 4.6 × 10−4 when compared with ray tracing data.
Review: Procalcitonin-guided starting and stopping of antibiotics in acute respiratory infections reduces mortality

Source Citation Schuetz P, Wirz Y, Sager R, et al. Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;10:CD007498. 29025194
The Effects of Social Connections on Evacuation Decision Making during Hurricane Irma

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of individuals’ social connections in their decision to either evacuate or not evacuate in the days preceding the landfall of Hurricane Irma. Using Hurricane Irma in September 2017 as a case study, a survey was conducted on two groups (those who evacuated and those who did not evacuate) to assess people’s social connections specifically examining three dimensions: dependability, density, and diversity. These variables, together with socioeconomic variables (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, education), were considered in order to better explain the influences on evacuation decision-making. To collect accurate ephemeral decision-making data from evacuees, the surveys were completed during the evacuation for those who evacuated and shortly after the passage of Hurricane Irma for those who did not evacuate. Through statistical analyses, it was concluded that density and diversity of people’s social networks played a significant role in the decision to evacuate or not, w...
Julmarichardia gutui , a new species of Apseudomorph Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida) from the Australian northwest continental shelf

Julmarichardia gutui, n. sp. is described from specimens collected in depths of 78–83 m from the Northwest Continental Shelf of Australia. Of the four previously known species of Julmarichardia Guţu, 1989, J. gutui is distinguished from J. deltoides (K. H. Barnard, 1914) and J. thomassini Guţu, 1989 by having the outer flagella of the antennule with fewer than 9 articles and its distinctive armature on anterodorsal region of the carapace. It can be separated from J. alinati Guţu, 1989 and J. bajau Bamber and Sheader, 2005 by a combination of characters, including (1) a spatulate rostrum fringed with 20 or more blunt marginal teeth interspersed with 5–8 small plumose setae; (2) distinct ridges or tubercles on the carapace, (3) a well-developed, expanded lateral lobe on article 1 of the antenna (absent in J. bajau), and (4) 3–5 blunt spines (instead of 1 or 2) on the anterior margin of the basis of pereopod 2. A key to the five nominal species now comprising the genus Julmarichardia is presented. Julmarichardia gutui represents the first record of its genus from Australian waters and the second for the genus in the eastern Indian Ocean.
Design of Nonhypertensive Conjugated Hemoglobins as Novel Resuscitation Fluids

Enhancing the molecular size/volume Hb was introduced, as a simple molecular approach to overcome or attenuate the extravasation mediated NO scavenging activity of Hb in vivo. Conjugation of Hb, as a chemical tool to achieve this objective, has now advanced beyond this initial concept. It requires us now to recognize that engineering of resuscitation fluids like properties to Hb is a novel concept and simple approach to neutralize/attenuate the in vivo hypertensive activity of acellular Hb. Development of conjugated hemoglobins is reviewed here as it lead to the development of this concept along with future perspectives. Extension Arm chemistry, that integrates the concepts of click chemistry into the various conjugation approaches of relevance to this aspect of blood substitute research is discussed. Bridging these approaches to increase the efficacy of engineering resuscitation fluid like properties to Hb is suggested as the future direction of designing conjugated Hbs as oxygen therapeutics. The integration of site directed mutagenesis to tame the molecular properties of Hb with the extension arm facilitated PEGylation to attenuate the impact of conjugation chemistry and/or conjugated polymer on the tertiary/quaternary structure of the Hb molecule is discussed in detail as applied to PEGylation of Hb as the conjugation approach of choice to generate nonhypertensive Hb as oxygen therapeutics. We conclude that such a synergistic approach will result in the attenuation of heme degradation product dependent and oxidative stress mediated in vivo toxicity as well as facilitating an increase in the oxygen delivering capacity of the conjugated Hb.