cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Linear Graph Method, Step Responses, and Superposition

System dynamics predicts the responses of physical systems to inputs of energy. In this chapter, we examine the response of first-order systems to step changes of the input power variable. The response of a system to a step input, called the system’s “step response,” is both common and important. It is common because many sources provide a reasonably constant value of the input variable, if power draw is not too large. The importance of the step response is twofold. First, the step response reveals the homogeneous response of the system. We can experimentally determine the elemental parameters of the system’s step response. Second, the superposition (or summing) of steps inputs of different amplitudes and shifted in time allows us to approximate any arbitrary input. Superposition is then used to calculate the response of a system to that input by summing the individual responses to each step.
L’Activité créatrice entre la folie et la littérature-mémoire: Lima Barreto et Émile Nelligan

Cet article illustre le lien entre l´activite creatrice et l´histoire de vie dans la litterature-memoire de deux ecrivains, l´un bresilien, Lima Barreto (1881-1922), et l´autre quebecois, Emile Nelligan (1879-1941), qui nous ont laisse de grandes œuvres litteraires et en meme temps ont ete consideres comme alienes au cours de leurs vies, a Rio de Janeiro/Bresil et a Montreal/Quebec/Canada, respectivement. Pour cela, nous utilisons les concepts de l'histoire culturelle, en particulier celui de la sensibilite, comme une forme de traduction du monde sensible dans la relation entre histoire et litterature. Palavras-chave : Lima Barreto; Emile Nelligan; Histoire Culturelle; folie; litterature-memoire; sensibilite Referencias : Sur Lima Barreto : BARBOSA, Francisco de Assis. A vida de Lima Barreto. RJ: Jose Olympio, 2002. 8 Ed. BARRETO, Lima. Diario de Hospicio. SP: Brasiliense, 1954. BARRETO, Lima. Impressoes de leitura. Sao Paulo: Brasiliense, 1961. LOBATO, Monteiro. Na antevespera. Vol. VI. Obras completas – Primeira serie, Literatura Geral, 13 v., 2a edicao, Sao Paulo: editora Brasiliense Limitada, 1948. SANTOS, N. M. W. Sensibilidade da exclusao e loucura na literatura-memoria de Lima Barreto. Caravelle (Toulouse), v. 86, p. 71-86, 2006. SANTOS, Nadia Maria Weber. Narrativas da loucura e Historias de sensibilidade. Porto Alegre: editora da UFRGS, 2008. SANTOS, N. M. W.; AZEVEDO, P.T. Entrelacando passado, presente e futuro: Uma busca sensivel da memoria familiar. Fenix (UFU, Uberlândia. Online), v. 6, p. 1-15, 2009. SANTOS, N. M. W. Lima Barreto muito alem dos cânones. Artelogie (Paris. Online), v. 1, p. 1-15, 2011. Sur Emile Nelligan: BEAUDOIN, Rejean. Une etude des poesies d´Emile Nelligan. Les editions du Boreal, 1997. GERVAIS, Andre. Introduction. In : NELLIGAN, Emile. Poemes et textes d´asile (1904-1941). Oeuvres completes II. Montreal: Bibliotheque quebecoise, 2006 (Imprime en 2008). PP 11- 34. FONDS LUC LACOURCIERE, P178, Division des Archives de L´Universite Laval. 2012 (Recherche locale) Repertoire numerique detaille disponible sur: http://www.archives.ulaval.ca/fileadmin/documents/Documents/P178_Lacourciere_L_rep_num.pdf NELLIGAN, Emile. Poesies completes 1896-1941. Oeuvres completes I. Montreal: editions Fides, 1991 (Imprime en 2012). NELLIGAN, Emile. Poemes et textes d´asile (1904-1941). Oeuvres completes II. Montreal: Bibliotheque quebecoise, 2006 (Imprime en 2008). PINSONNEAULT, Jean-Paul. Poesies completes d´Emile Nelligan. Etudes critiques – Lectures. Montreal. Janvier, 1953. Pp199-208. Fonds Luc Lacourciere (P178/E5), Division des archives – Universite Laval. Recherche en octobre-2012. WYCZYNSKI, Paul. Etudes d´auteurs canadiens – Emille Nelligan. Nouvelle Serie. Lectures, Montreal. Vol. 6, no 2, octobre, 1959. Fonds Luc Lacourciere (P178/E5), Division des archives – Universite Laval. Recherche en octobre-2012. WYCZYNSKI, Paul. Emile Nelligan – Biographie. Montreal: Bibliotheque quebecoise, 1999.
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on postnatal ileum development using the fat-1 transgenic mouse model.

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play a critical role in neonatal health. We hypothesized that LCPUFAs play an essential role in priming postnatal gut development. We studied the effect of LCPUFAs on postnatal gut development using fat-1 transgenic mice, which are capable of converting n-6 to n-3 LCPUFAs, and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Distal ileum sections were collected from fat-1 and WT mice on days 3, 14, and 28. Fatty acid analyses, histology, RT-qPCR and intestinal permeability were performed. Fat-1 mice, relative to WT mice, showed increased n-3 LCPUFAs levels (α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, p 50% reduced muc2, Tff3, TLR9, and Camp expression (p two-fold increased expression of Fzd5 and EphB2, markers of cell differentiation (p < 0.05), and Fabp2 and 6, regulators of fatty acid transport and metabolism (p < 0.05). Despite reduced expression of tight junction genes, intestinal permeability in fat-1 was comparable to WT mice. Our data support the hypothesis that fatty acid profiles early in development modulate intestinal gene expression in formative domains, such as cell differentiation, tight junctions, other innate host defenses, and lipid metabolism.
Repeated Incremental Workbouts Separated by 1 Hour Increase the Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold.

Studies examining the influence of priming, for continuous exercise, have mainly focused on improved exercise capacity related to oxygen uptake kinetics rather than on neuromuscular fatigue of the muscle. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether or not the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) could be modulated by having subjects perform 2 incremental tests separated by 1 hour. We hypothesized that the EMGFT determined from the second incremental test would be higher than the EMGFT determined from the first incremental test. Nine healthy college-aged men (mean +/- SEM: age: 23.8 +/- 0.6 years; body mass: 79.5 +/- 3.3 kg; height: 1.78 +/- 0.02 m) were recruited from the university population. Each subject visited the laboratory on 1 occasion and performed 2 incremental single-leg knee-extensor ergometry to voluntary fatigue separated by 1 hour. The EMGFT was determined for each trial and statistically compared using paired-samples t-test. The results indicated significant mean differences between the EMGFT for the 2 trials (trial 1: 27 +/- 1 W vs. trial 2: 34 +/- 2 W; p = 0.001), whereas there were no significant mean differences for maximal power output (trial 1: 53 +/- 2 W vs. trial 2: 57 +/- 2; p = 0.09). These findings suggest that postactivation potentiation may, in part, explain the differences in EMGFT because the exercise mode used in the current study minimizes the cardiorespiratory responses to exercise.
Polarized provision of cysteine affects redox homeostasis in intestinal Caco2-BBE cells

Prior evidence for high first-pass metabolism of enteral cysteine led to the hypothesis that the lack of luminal cysteine with parenteral feeding may perturb redox homeostasis in the intestinal epi...
Cardiovascular medication use and risks of colon cancer recurrences and additional cancer events: a cohort study.

Cardiovascular medications may be associated with cancer development, but little is known about their association with cancer recurrence. Medications such as statins and antihypertensives may be commonly used among colon cancer survivors, who are, on average, diagnosed in their mid-60s. We described the associations between statins and antihypertensive medications and colon cancer recurrence in a large, population-based study. We conducted a cohort study among adults with stage I-IIIA colon cancer diagnosed in 1995–2014 in two Kaiser Permanente regions, Colorado and Washington. Statin and antihypertensive use were obtained from electronic pharmacy dispensing data. People were classified as medication users on the date of their first dispensing after cohort entry, which started 90 days after completing cancer treatment, continuing through the earliest of death, health plan disenrollment, or chart abstraction. We collected outcome information from medical record abstraction and tumor registries on colon cancer recurrences and second primary cancers. Using Cox proportional hazards multivariable models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colon cancer recurrences and any cancer event (recurrences and new primaries at any anatomic site) comparing medication users to non-users. Among 2039 people, 937 (46%) used statins and 1425 (70%) used antihypertensives at any point during a median of 4.9 years of follow-up; 460 people had any additional cancer event, including 152 with a colon cancer recurrence. Statin use was not associated with colon cancer recurrence (HR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.65–1.85) or any cancer event (HR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.85–1.47), nor was antihypertensive use associated with recurrence (HR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.44–1.21) or any cancer event (HR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.70–1.24). Our results suggest no association between cardiovascular medication use and the risk of recurrence or any additional cancer, and may provide reassurance to colon cancer survivors.
Banks, Insurance and Futures Markets of a Trading Economy with Money, Exogenous Uncertainty and an Optimal Bankruptcy Rule

In a previous paper we examined the meaning and existence of an optimal bankruptcy rule in an economy where the individuals use centrally issued promissory notes [2], Although each individual trader faces uncertainty concerning the strategies of others, in the previous study there was no exogenous uncertainty. In this paper exogenous uncertainty is considered in several different ways.
Implementing smoke-free policies in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review and research agenda.

Introduction Some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) struggle to implement smoke-free policies. We sought to review the academic and gray literature, and propose a research agenda to improve implementation of smoke-free policies and make them more effective in LMICs. Methods We reviewed 10 databases for variations of ('implementation' /'enforcement' /'compliance') and ('smoke-free' /'ban' /'restriction') and ('tobacco' /'smoking'). We also reviewed cited sources and the gray literature including non-governmental organization reports.We included articles that described problems that arose, attempted solutions, lessons learned, and research questions posed regarding smoke-free policy implementation in LMICs. We excluded studies of high-income countries, institution-level implementation, voluntary smoke-free policies, smoke-free homes, and outdoor smoke-free policies. Results The academic literature review led to 4931 unique articles, reduced to 1541 after title screening, 331 after abstract screening, and 101 after full-text review. The citation and gray literature review led to an additional 179 publications of which 67 met the inclusion criteria. In total we retained 168 sources. We conducted a narrative review and synthesis of the literature, extracting key themes and noting research gaps. Conclusions We find that progress is urgently needed in five categories: identifying the critical lessons learned for effective implementation, evaluating different enforcement approaches, learning how to rejuvenate stalled smoke-free policies, learning how to increase ground-level will to enforce policies, and developing a conceptual framework that explains implementation. Investigation into these topics can improve implementation of smoke-free policies in LMICs.
Pathways to Partnerships: Building Sustainable Relationships Through University-Supported Internships

Relying upon the work of a nonprofit, Food Security for America, this snapshot report explores how internships with undergraduate and graduate students offer opportunities to establish trust and understanding between university partners and community partners, particularly at the start of a relationship or project. The goal of this piece is to provide a framework for reciprocity, as well as exploration of projects for practitioners and stakeholders initiating relationships or interested in ways to incrementally expand exisiting partnerships with organizations and communities addressing critical food and environmental justice issues. It places the voices of graduate and undergraduate interns and leaders within a national nonprofit in conversation to better understand issues of activism and social justice that can be served through community writing and research initiatives connecting students and nonprofits. Approaches to assessing specific projects and participant engagement set forth a model for measuring the value and impact of internships in community-engaged work.
Current materials in light water reactors. Why do we need a materials renewal

Abstract Light water reactors (LWRs) have been generating electricity for over five decades for the electrical grid of more than 20 countries. Most of these reactors are built using a series of alloys and materials that have changed very little over the many decades. The most common structural materials are based on the three elements, iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) such as stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. Most of the Fe-Cr-Ni alloys contain enough Cr to render them passive with low general corrosion in typical LWR environments. Since the chemistry of the water in the reactor is highly controlled, without aggressive impurities such as chloride or sulfate ions, localized corrosion is not a problem for the common structural alloys. The most common failure mode of the Fe-Cr-Ni alloys is environmentally assisted cracking or stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which is currently well understood and successfully mitigated, mainly by dissolving hydrogen gas into the coolant. The other fundamental material in the reactor core is the zirconium-based alloy used for cladding of the fuel rods. The traditional fuel rod alloys were Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4, which were used regularly in boiling water reactor and pressurized water reactor systems, respectively. Very early in the development of the alloys (early 1950s), it was understood that a small amount (
Clostridium difficile Infection: An Epidemiology Update.

Clostridium (reclassified as “Clostridioides”) difficile infection (CDI) is a healthcare-associated infection and significant source of potentially preventable morbidity, recurrence, and death, particularly among hospitalized older adults. Additional risk factors include antibiotic use and severe underlying illness. The increasing prevalence of community-associated CDI is gaining recognition as a novel source of morbidity in previously healthy patients. Even after recovery from initial infection, patients remain at risk for recurrence or reinfection with a new strain. Some pharmaco-epidemiologic studies have suggested an increased risk associated with proton pump inhibitors and protective effect from statins, but these findings have not been uniformly reproduced in all studies. Certain ribotypes of C. difficile, including the BI/NAP1/027, 106, and 018, are associated with increased antibiotic resistance and potential for higher morbidity and mortality. CDI remains a high-morbidity healthcare-associated infection, and better understanding of ribotypes and medication risk factors could help to target treatment, particularly for patients with high recurrence risk.
“The Joseph Story: a Trauma-Informed Biblical Hermeneutic for Pastoral Care Providers”

This article sits at the intersection of pastoral care and biblical studies. It draws from exegesis from the field of biblical studies, as well as trauma theory and a brief case study from pastoral care. This article exegetes the Joseph story (Genesis 37–50) alongside Judith Herman’s stages of recovery from trauma: safety, remembrance and mourning, and reconnection with ordinary life. Pastoral care providers often work with people for whom the Bible is an authoritative text. Therefore, they must be able to interpret the Bible through careful exegesis that helps rather than hurts these people. This article offers one way in which pastoral care providers might read a biblical text through the lens of trauma theory in order to facilitate a discussion about healing from familial trauma. Through this type of exegesis, a pastoral care provider might help a person see themselves in a biblical text about healing from trauma or even construct a trauma narrative about their traumatic experience.
Pericytes in Vascular Development

Pericytes are essential components of capillaries in many tissues and organs, contributing to vessel stability and integrity, with additional contributions to microvascular function still being discovered. We review current and foundational studies identifying pericyte differentiation mechanics and their roles in the earliest stages of vessel formation. Recent advances in pericyte-focused tools and models have illuminated critical aspects of pericyte biology including their roles in vascular development. Pericytes likely collaborate with endothelial cells undergoing vasculogenesis, initiating direct interactions during sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis. Pericytes also provide important regulation of vascular growth including mechanisms underlying vessel pruning, rarefaction, and subsequent regrowth. A phenotypic transition likely occurs as pericytes shift from roles in vascular development to supporting vessel maturation, homeostasis, and physiology. We provide a forward-looking perspective on pericyte-focused studies of vascular development and applications aimed at basic and clinically relevant insights into pericyte biology.
Highlighting Minority Identity Resources to Increase Well-Being of Marginalized Employees

Increasing diversity and inclusion using institutional policy-based levers alone has proven to be difficult. Recent research has begun to explore more interpersonal approaches such as allyship. All...
Outcomes of critically ill solid organ transplant patients with COVID-19 in the United States.

National data on patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) solid organ transplant (SOT) patients are limited. We analyzed data from a multicenter cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at 68 hospitals across the United States from March 4 to May 8, 2020. From 4153 patients, we created a propensity score matched cohort of 386 patients, including 98 SOT patients and 288 non-SOT patients. We used a binomial generalized linear model (log-binomial model) to examine the association of SOT status with death and other clinical outcomes. Among the 386 patients, the median age was 60 years, 72% were male, and 41% were black. Death within 28 days of ICU admission was similar in SOT and non-SOT patients (40% and 43%, respectively; relative risk [RR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-1.22). Other outcomes and requirement for organ support including receipt of mechanical ventilation, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and receipt of vasopressors were also similar between groups. There was a trend toward higher risk of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy in SOT vs. non-SOT patients (37% vs. 27%; RR [95% CI]: 1.34 [0.97-1.85]). Death and organ support requirement were similar between SOT and non-SOT critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Good Design is Universal: Using Universal Design Principles to Promote Self-Regulated Learning in Learning Management Systems When Teaching Information Literacy

Librarians recognize that they occupy an online presence in the lives of students, particularly with the rise in use of online resources and increased library integration with campus learning manag...
Agent-Based Modeling of Entity Behavior in Cybersecurity

Human and system behaviors, as they relate to information security, are facets that have always been hard to measure. Simply put, there are too many factors to account for when considering the knowledge, experiences, and relationships of individuals. And when these are coupled with information systems, their complexities rise to several levels of magnitude. Given the absence of empirical data, we argue for the utilization of an agent-based modeling and simulation system toward gaining an understanding of entity behavior in cyber space. In this chapter, we report the results of an ongoing research project, which utilizes agent-based models and scenarios to simulate the effect of user trust, adversary sophistication, user training, and system defenses on cybersecurity. These independent simulations utilize software agents that assume certain predefined attributes to emulate their physical counterparts on an environment that represents the cyber space.
Comparison of healthy blood donor Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds using a novel point-of-care viscoelastic coagulometer.

Objective To measure and compare viscoelastic coagulation in 2 canine blood donor populations using a novel, point-of-care device (VCM Vet Analyzer, VCM). Design Cohort study. Setting Academic and commercial veterinary blood banks. Animals Non-Greyhounds from community-based blood donor program and Greyhounds from a blood bank colony. Intervention Blood was collected from all dogs via direct venipuncture for a complete hemogram, biochemistry, and point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation. Measurement and main results All biochemical measurements for all dogs in Group NG (n = 38, non-Greyhounds) and Group G (n = 53, Greyhounds) were within local reference intervals. Hematology data showed significant statistical differences between groups in hemoglobin, RBC, platelet, and WBC concentrations. Group G demonstrated lower maximum clot firmness (MCF) with 17 VCM units (26 VCM units in Group NG), increased lysis with 30 VCM units at 30 minutes (LI30) and 27 VCM units at 45 minutes (LI45) (86 VCM units LI30 and 85 VCM units LI45 in Group NG), and decreased amplitude of 13 VCM units 10 minutes (A10) after clot time (CT) and 6 VCM units 20 minutes after CT (A20) (18 VCM units [A10] and 22 VCM units [A20] in Group NG). Conclusion This study found differences between healthy Greyhound and non-Greyhound blood donors in measures of clot strength and fibrinolysis as measured by the VCM. Whereas Greyhound have unique hematologic and hemostatic profiles, these measured viscoelastic differences are important to note prior to and following surgical intervention to aid in clinical decision-making if bleeding complications develop.
Contributions to the theory of saturation for singular integrals in several variables. V: Saturation in Lp(En), 2<p<∞

In the foregoing Notes, saturation for the singular integral K(f;x; ϱ) = 2π)−n2∫−∞∞ t(x−u) {ɡnk(ɡu)}du has been considered in the spaces Lp(En), 1 ⩽ p ⩽ 2. On the basis of these results, the present Note extends them to the case 2<p<∞. The method of proof will be given by an elementary “dual method” which is entirely independent of the (explicit) use of distribution theory. In distinction hereto, E. Gorlich and M. Kozima-G. Sunouchi obtained saturation and characterization theorems for the integral K(f; x; ϱ) using distributional Fourier transforms. Applications are given to the singular integral of Cesaro-Riesz.
US Military Aid and Recipient State Cooperation

What can states expect to receive in return for the military aid they provide to other states? Can military aid buy recipient state compliance with donor objectives? In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of US military assistance on recipient state behavior toward the United States. We build on existing literature by creating three explicit theoretical models, employing a new measure of cooperation generated from events data, and controlling for preference similarity, so that our results capture the influence military aid has on recipient state behavior independent of any dyadic predisposition toward cooperation or conflict. We test seven hypotheses using a combination of simultaneous equation, cross-sectional time series, and Heckman selection models. We find that, with limited exceptions, increasing levels of US military aid significantly reduce cooperative foreign policy behavior with the United States. US reaction to recipient state behavior is also counterintuitive; instead of using a carrot-and-stick approach to military aid allocations, our results show that recipient state cooperation is likely to lead to subsequent reductions in US military assistance.
Gestalt Psychology: An Introduction to New Concepts in Modern Psychology

Wolfgang Koehler (1887-1967) was one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, the influential school that argues that perception is best understood as an organized pattern rather than as separate parts. Penetrating in its insights and lucid in presentation, Gestalt Psychology (1947) is Koehler's definitive statement of Gestalt theory.
The application of TCAD in industry

The key to making use of TCAD in industry is matching available capabilities to specific applications to multiply information from available experimental wafers. The art of using such partial capabilities is the focus of this paper. The following sections will describe applications of TCAD in four areas: technology selection, process optimization, process control, and design optimization.
Bioinformatic Tools for Identifying Disease Gene and SNP Candidates

As databases of genome data continue to grow, our understanding of the functional elements of the genome grows as well. Many genetic changes in the genome have now been discovered and characterized, including both disease-causing mutations and neutral polymorphisms. In addition to experimental approaches to characterize specific variants, over the past decade, there has been intense bioinformatic research to understand the molecular effects of these genetic changes. In addition to genomic experimental assays, the bioinformatic efforts have focused on two general areas. First, researchers have annotated genetic variation data with molecular features that are likely to affect function. Second, statistical methods have been developed to predict mutations that are likely to have a molecular effect. In this protocol manuscript, methods for understanding the molecular functions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations are reviewed and described. The intent of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the online tools that are both easy to use and useful.
A Markowitz Optimization of Commodity Futures Portfolios

We examine the diversification benefits of using individual futures contracts instead of simply a commodity index. We determine the ex-ante, ex-post, and stability results for optimal Markowitz portfolios, investigate the instability between the ex-ante and ex-post results, and compare our results to traditional and naive portfolios. The ex-ante complete futures portfolio dominates the traditional and naive portfolios and the ex-post portfolio outperforms the naive portfolio. The instability between the ex-ante and ex-post results is primarily driven by the time-varying returns of the individual assets rather than by risk. Finally, the Sharpe portfolio results are essentially identical to the Markowitz results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:343-368, 2013
Measurements of calcium isotopes and isotope ratios: a new method based on helium plasma source “off-cone” sampling time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Operation of a helium-based low-power microwave plasma under “off-cone” sampling mode can lead to significant background suppression without sacrificing the analyte signal intensity. The nearly clean background spectrum obtained with “off-cone” sampling provides a unique approach for isotope ratio measurements, especially for low-mass elements that are often problematic. In this work, calcium isotopes and isotope ratios are quantitatively measured using “off-cone” sampling with microwave plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The viability of measurements for all calcium isotopes, from the most abundant isotope (40Ca) to the least abundant isotope (46Ca), has been established for this technique. Several calcium isotope ratios are measured and calculated through both elemental calcium ion peaks and molecular calcium ion peaks. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for isotope ratios measured are in a range of 1.2 to 2.5% for commonly used major calcium isotopes. The absolute measurement errors are around 0.8% or less in most cases for major isotopes.
Elderly Socioeconomics and Demographics: Issues and Thoughts for Agricultural Economics Research

An increasing elderly population will be one of the most significant demographic changes to influence food and social policy debate in the United States in the next few decades. Social scientists would be remiss if they did not give this population group proper attention. Elderly socioeconomics and demographics provide opportunities for interdisciplinary research among agricultural economists and other social scientists. Some critical socioeconomic and demographic issues concerning the elderly are discussed here.
Effect of the bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus on the endometrium of the rabbit.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of BVD virus on the rabbit's endometrium. Six New Zealand White does (3–4 kg bwt) were used. Blood samples were obtained before treatment and euthanasia for determination of estrogen and progesterone. Does were anesthetized and both uterine horns identified through a midventral incision. Each horn was doubly-ligated at both cervical and ovarian ends. The right uterine horn (control) was injected with 1ml Eagle's MEM and the left (treated) with 1ml BVD virus (Singer strain, 10 3 CCID 50/ml ). Two does each were euthanized at 48h, 72h and 144h post-inoculation (PI) and uterine samples obtained for viral assay and light microscopic examination. Serum hormonal levels showed that all does were in the estrogenic phase before treatment and euthanasia. Viral isolation was negative for all samples taken. On each day examined, there were no histopathologic lesions in the control uterine horn. However, in the treated horn at 48h PI there was evidence of a purulent endometritis. At 72h and 144h PI there was mononuclear cell infiltration of the stratum compactum, but no other obvious lesions. A common feature in both treated and control uterine horns was mitosis of both endometrial and glandular epithelia. Results of this study suggest that BVD virus can induce histopathologic lesions of the rabbit's endometrium, the most obvious effect being at 48h PI.
Petrotectonic Significance of High and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belts: Inferences for Subduction-Zone Histories

The 900-km-long Franciscan accretionary prism of the California Coast Ranges consists chiefly of greywackes and dark shales of late Mesozoic age. The complex is characterized by monotonic growth toward the edge of the continent and by the systematic, ocean ward decrease in metamorphic intensity. High-pressure (HP) mineral assemblages include lawsonite, aragonite, glaucophane, and/or jadeitic pyroxene. Systematic seaward vergence and younging of the Franciscan, as well as progressively lower metamorphic grade, indicate that landward parts of the belt have been exhumed more profoundly than sections farther outboard. Mapped metamorphic/structural discontinuities reflect juxtaposition of spatially associated, co-evolving continental margin lithotectonic units, and, except for far-travelled oceanic entities, do not imply amalgamation of exotic, unrelated terranes. Pacific-type underflow, metamorphism, and tectonic imbrication characterize belts in which oceanic lithosphere has returned to the mantle. Resurrect...
The Mother's Magazine: moral media for an emergent domestic pedagogy, 1833–1848

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of selected passages from The Mother's Magazine, one of the first periodicals for women published in the USA. Of particular interest are selections that highlight desirable maternal characteristics and those that described the intended pedagogical experiences within the domestic sphere. The layout, overarching themes and content of specific articles provide a gateway to discern contributors' attempts at moral regulation. The authors facilitated a character education initiative to ensure that both mother and child would be dutiful and thoughtful Christian citizens. There is also a focus to secure the proliferation of industrious, gendered subjects. It could be argued that the periodical marks the transition from a Calvinist to a Lockean conception of childhood. More accurately, the magazine utilises modern methods of childrearing while still adhering to an evangelical ideology that both reinforces traditional power structures and redefines the role of mother for t...
The Effects of a Brief Relaxation Program on Symptom Distress and Heart Rate Variability in Cancer Patients

Objectives To determine whether a 15-minute, one-time guided relaxation program for cancer patients could improve symptom distress as measured by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). In addition, we were interested in characterizing the changes of the autonomic nervous system, as demonstrated by heart rate variability (HRV) high-frequency (HF) spectral analysis, before and after this relaxation program. Design Nonrandomized pilot study. Setting Comprehensive cancer center. Methods Twenty cancer patients underwent a 15-minute relaxation program. The ESAS and a 5-minute HRV recording were completed before and after the relaxation program. Main Outcome Measures The differences between the pre- and post-summed ESAS score and HRV values were compared by a paired t -test. Results The summed ESAS scores were significantly lower after the relaxation program ( P Conclusions A brief guided relaxation program can significantly improve symptoms as measured by ESAS. More research is required to understand the effects of relaxation on HF HRV power.
Uterine myomas: management

Objective To review the currently available literature regarding the current management alternatives available to women with uterine myomas. Design Literature review of 198 articles pertaining to uterine myomas. Result(s) Many advances have been made in the management of uterine myomas. Watchful waiting; medical therapy; hysteroscopic myomectomy; endometrial ablation; laparoscopic myomectomy; abdominal myomectomy; abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopic hysterectomy; uterine artery embolization; uterine artery occlusion; and focused ultrasound are now available. Conclusion(s) Many options are now available to women with uterine myomas. The presently available literature regarding the treatment of myomas is summarized.
An assessment of the impact of demand management strategies for efficient allocation of airport capacity

Airport demand management strategies have the potential to mitigate congestion and delays. However, the extent to which the delays can be reduced using such strategies is not clear. In this paper, we develop a bound on the minimum possible level of delays that can be achieved using these strategies. We solve the aggregated timetable development and fleet assignment problem to minimise the system-wide delays assuming a single monopolistic carrier that satisfies all the passenger demand in the USA and maintains the same level-of- service as achieved with the current revenue management practices of individual carriers. The problem is formulated as a large-scale, integer linear programming model and solved using linear programming relaxation and heuristics. A network delay simulator is used for calculating the delays under different capacity scenarios. The results indicate the large inefficiencies in the usage of airport infrastructure in the domestic US caused by competitive airline scheduling decisions.
Pluralism in environmental ethics

Apres quelques definitions preliminaires de differents types de pluralisme, l'A. explique l'interet de ce pluralisme et examine la justification de la construction d'un systeme ethique sur des principes moraux qui ne peuvent pas etre reduits a un seul principe
A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities

Abstract The depletion of the world's limited reservoirs of fossil fuels, the worldwide impact of global warming and the high cost of energy are among the primary issues driving a renewed interest in the capture and reuse of waste energy. A major source of waste energy is being created by data centers through the increasing demand for cloud based connectivity and performance. In fact, recent figures show that data centers are responsible for more than 2% of the US total electricity usage. Almost half of this power is used for cooling the electronics, creating a significant stream of waste heat. The difficulty associated with recovering and reusing this stream of waste heat is that the heat is of low quality. In this paper, the most promising methods and technologies for recovering data center low-grade waste heat in an effective and economically reasonable way are identified and discussed. A number of currently available and developmental low-grade waste heat recovery techniques including district/plant/water heating, absorption cooling, direct power generation (piezoelectric and thermoelectric), indirect power generation (steam and organic Rankine cycle), biomass co-location, and desalination/clean water are reviewed along with their operational requirements in order to assess the suitability and effectiveness of each technology for data center applications. Based on a comparison between data centers' operational thermodynamic conditions and the operational requirements of the discussed waste heat recovery techniques, absorption cooling and organic Rankine cycle are found to be among the most promising technologies for data center waste heat reuse.
Mapping of unoccupied minority spin bands of Co and Ni using inverse photoemission

Angle-resolved inverse photoemission (or bremsstrahlung spectroscopy) with a tunable light detector is used to determine the energy-band dispersion of unoccupied minority-spin $3d$ states in Co and Ni. For Co, a ferromagnetic exchange splitting of 0.93 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1 eV between the unoccupied spin-down and occupied spin-up states (measured with photoemission) is derived. The full width at half maxiumum of empty $3d$ states in Ni is 0.25 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1 eV.
Self-incompatibility in Petunia inflata: isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding three S-allele-associated proteins

We have identified three alleles of the S-locus controlling self-incompatibility and their associated pistil proteins in Petunia inflata, a species that displays monofactorial gametophytic self-incompatibility. These S-allele-associated proteins (S-proteins) are pistil specific, and their levels are developmentally regulated. The amino-terminal sequences determined for the three S-proteins are highly conserved and show considerable homology to those of S-proteins from Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana alata and Lycopersicon peruvianum, three other species of the Solanaceae that also exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility. cDNA clones encoding the three S-proteins were isolated and sequenced. Comparison of their deduced amino acid sequences reveals an average homology of 75.6%, with conserved and variable residue interspersed throughout the protein. Of the 137 conserved residues, 53 are also conserved in the N. alata S-proteins studies so far; of the 64 variable residues, 29 were identified as hypervariable based on calculation of the Similarity Index. There is only one hypervariable region of significant length, and it consists of eight consecutive hypervariable residues. This region correspond approximately to the hypervariable region HV2 identified in N. alata S-proteins. Of the two classes of N. alata S-proteins previously identified, one class exhibits greater homology to the three P. inflata S-proteins reported here than to the other class of N. alata S-proteins.
Minimal machinery of RNA polymerase holoenzyme sufficient for promoter melting.

We determined the minimal portion of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme able to accomplish promoter melting, the crucial step in transcription initiation that provides RNAP access to the template strand. Upon duplex DNA binding, the N terminus of the β′ subunit (amino acids 1 to 314) and amino acids 94 to 507 of the σ subunit, together comprising less than one-fifth of RNAP holoenzyme, were able to melt an extended –10 promoter in a reaction remarkably similar to that of authentic holoenzyme. Our results support the model that capture of nontemplate bases extruded from the DNA helix underlies the melting process.
Patient-Reported Symptoms in Dry Dye Disease

Clinically, dry eye has often been reported as a "symptom-based" disease, and definitions of dry eye based on symptoms have been used to define dry eye prevalence in population-based studies. Given this, patient-reported symptoms often do not correlate with diagnostic tests unless disease is severe or testing is tightly controlled. Progress in the understanding of dry eye symptoms has been made over the last 10 years; however, the link between symptoms and disease status, such as ocular surface damage or inflammation, remains elusive. Although several surveys for dry eye have been developed for screening or diagnosis, an accepted, validated survey capable of accurately monitoring changes with time or treatment is not available. Common symptoms, available surveys, and the associations between diagnostic tests and symptoms are reviewed.
Polymer chemistry: Wasted loops quantified.

A method for dissecting the polymeric networks of gels enables the number of loops — strands that connect to themselves — within them to be counted. This allows network morphologies to be correlated with gel properties.
A crack arrest toughness test for tough materials

Abstract This paper reports a preliminary study of a new laboratory test method designed to measure crack arrest toughness for tough, arrester grade steels. The design is basically focused on producing large enough driving force to produce fast fracture and arrest in a small test piece of a very tough, ductile material. Tests conducted on HY-80 steel and 7075 aluminum specimens are reported. The analysis of arrest measurements presented assumes that all the energy released is conserved or converted into fracture energy. A static, lower-bound arrest toughness is evaluated from compliance analysis using an elastic-static finite element simulation of the loading device. A photogrammetric aspect of the fracture surface is performed to quantify and relate the microstructural features with fracture toughness. The results are consistent with the view that arrest toughness value derived from the J -resistance curve is a valid measure of arrest capabilities of a tough material. It also indicates that rapid crack extension in a tough, ductile material can consume large amounts of kinetic energy released from the process of fracture.
GPU accelerated support vector machines for mining high-throughput screening data.

Support Vector Machine (SVM), one of the most promising tools in chemical informatics, is time-consuming for mining large high-throughput screening (HTS) data sets. Here, we describe a parallelization of SVM-light algorithm on a graphic processor unit (GPU), using molecular fingerprints as descriptors and the Tanimoto index as kernel function. Comparison experiments based on six PubChem Bioassay data sets show that the GPU version is 43−104× faster than SVM-light for building classification models and 112−212× over SVM-light for building regression models.
Fabrication of microcontact diodes using discontinuous thin metal deposits

A novel method for fabricating very small metal-semiconductor contacts for high-frequency applications is described, together with results obtained by using this technique to produce extremely small Au-n-type GaAs Schottky barrier diodes.
Multiplicity and control of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in various strains of wine yeasts

The control of formation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) isozymes and their activity toward some of the higher alcohols (n-propanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, and active pentanol) was studied in ten different wine yeast strains under various physiological conditions of growth. Multiple forms of ADH were demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis in all the strains. When grown anaerobically on glucose or under vinification conditions, the cells of most strains had a single isozyme band for ADH I. However, during aerobic growth on glucose or on ethanol, 2 to 4 additional bands were observed for ADH II and ADH III. With the higher alcohols as substrates, only ADH I bands were evident in all strains under anaerobic or vinification conditions. In glucose derepressed and aerobically grown cultures, ADH II and ADH III bands were also found with the higher alcohols as enzyme substrates. The increases in numbers of isozymes in derepressed or aerobic cultures were reflected as increased specific ADH activities in cell-free extracts. The results suggest that multiplicity of ADH isozymes, and their control by glucose repression and aerobic induction, are common phenomena in yeast; and that only one enzyme, ADH I, is involved in the formation of higher alcohols during vinification.
A Candidate Gene Study of CYP19 (Aromatase) and Male Sexual Orientation

Aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19), which is necessary for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, plays an important role in the sexual differentiation of the brain. To investigate whether differences in the gene encoding the aromatase enzyme influence sexual orientation in men, we conducted linkage, association, and expression analyses in a large sample of homosexual brothers using microsatellite markers in and around CYP19. No linkage was detected, and a gene-specific relative risk of 1.5-fold could be excluded at a lod score of −2. Results of the TDT demonstrated no preferential transmission of any of the CYP19 alleles in this sample. Expression of aromatase mRNA by microarray analysis was not significantly different between heterosexual and homosexual men. These results suggest that variation in the gene for this subunit of the aromatase enzyme complex is not likely to be a major factor in the development of individual differences in male sexual orientation.
Accurate and Precise Coulometric Determination of Sulfur Dioxide in Compressed Gas Mixtures.

Coulomctry has been established as an important and reliable method for the determination of acidic compounds. The analytical method and simple apparatus described here are applied to the precise and accurate determination of sulfur dioxide in nitrogen, specifically in compressed gas cylinders at nominal concentrations of 50 and 100 |xmol/mol (ppm). This method is constant current coulometry where the magnitude of the current is set by the balance between the electrochemical generation of OH", the flow of SO2, and the chemical reaction of the solution. The method is direct, rapid, and can be refined further to provide analysis at the nanomol/mol level.
A test of risk clientele effects via an examination of trading volume response to earnings announcements

Abstract This research investigates whether volume reactions to a public announcement are related to changes in the risk of securities (i.e., investors undertake portfolio rebalancing when the risk of their portfolio becomes misaligned with their respective risk preferences). Our results document that an average (40 percent) change in beta is associated with a 0.10 percent increase in the number of shares traded in a ten-day period around the earnings announcement. Although risk clientele effects are less important than information effects, they are empirically significant.