cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endartériectomie de l’artère iliaque externe avec angioplastie par patch par une seule incision

Une occlusion totale chronique isolee de l'artere iliaque externe est actuellement traitee par angioplastie transluminale percutanee sous-intimale avec stent ou par pontage. Cet article decrit une nouvelle application d'une vieille technique, l’endarteriectomie avec angioplastie par patch, faite sur l'artere iliaque externe par une incision unique du flanc. Cette approche originale peut fournir une permeabilite durable avec un faible risque de complications. Nous presentons quatre cas et une revue de la litterature sur les autres options disponibles de traitement. Cette technique miniinvasive peut fournir une alternative viable qui peut etre employee seule ou avec d'autres techniques ouvertes ou endovasculaires et peut etre utilisee dans les cas de sepsis de l'aine.
The Mediating Role of Appraisal Feedback Reactions on the Relationship Between Rater Feedback-Related Behaviors and Ratee Performance

Although feedback is advocated as a means for influencing performance, empirical investigations indicate that the effect of feedback on performance is not uniformly positive. In the proposed model, reactions to feedback, not feedback per se, influence performance. In response to the lack of research on causal mechanisms linking feedback to performance and calls for such research, reactions are proposed to mediate the influence of feedback-related characteristics on performance. Feedback-related characteristics central to models of performance feedback that also corresponded with the three characteristics of the due process model served as antecedents to reactions. Using longitudinal data and previous performance as a control variable, results of structural equation modeling evidenced strong support for the proposed model as antecedents substantially related to ratees’ reactions, and ratees’ reactions indeed influenced subsequent performance. Organizations should design appraisal systems in accordance with...
Characteristics and Distribution of Palouse Prairie Remnants: Implications for Conservation Planning

ABSTRACT: The Palouse Prairie of eastern Washington State and adjacent northern Idaho is an endangered ecosystem. Like other arable North American grasslands, the prairie was mostly converted to agriculture in the late 1800s, and native habitat is today highly fragmented within a matrix of production agriculture. Government and conservation groups are beginning conservation action in the region, but lack information regarding the number and nature of the prairie remnants. We used high-resolution aerial photography to identify potential prairie remnants in the southern half of the Palouse and describe their physical characteristics. We found that although there are many potential remnants, they tend to be small (most less than 2 ha) and have high perimeter-area ratios. Potential remnants are disproportionately found on rocky and shallow soils in the region, with only a few located on the deepest, most agriculturally valuable soil types. The remnants occur predominantly in a few large clusters near rivers a...
Compressive and tensile creep in Fe40Al0.1Zr0.4B at 1100 K

Abstract The 1100 K compressive and tensile creep behavior of the B2 crystal structure aluminide Fe40Al0.1Zr0.4B (atom%) containing Fe6Al6Zr precipitates has been investigated. While the Zr/B alloying additions yielded considerable improvements in strength, the quaternary alloy was still relatively weak: ≈ 30 MPa produced 1% strain in 100 h. The creep rates in tension exceeded those measured in compression and this difference could be ascribed to the formation of creep cavities in tension but not in compression. By comparison to existing deformation models, it is believed that the increased tensile creep rates are explicable through the power-law-accomodated constrained-diffusion cavity-growth model.
Optimal routing algorithms for mesh-connected processor arrays

We show that there is a randomizedoblivious algorithm for routing any (partial) permutation on ann ?n grid in 2n +O(logn) parallel communication steps. The queues will not grow larger than ź(logn/log logn) with high probability. We then modify this to obtain a (nonoblivious) algorithm with the same running time such that the size of the queues is bounded by a constant with high probability. For permutations withlocality, where each packet has to travel a distance at mostL, a generalization of the algorithm routes in time proportional toL with high probability. Finally, we identify a class of meshlike networks that have optimal or near-optimal diameter. These meshes have the potential of being adapted to run existing sorting and routing algorithms with corresponding reduction in their running times.
Effect of a hyperosmotic agent on epithelial disruptions during laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose To evaluate the incidence of epithelial disruptions during primary laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the use of a preoperative hyperosmotic treatment comprising sodium chloride 5% ophthalmic ointment (Muro-128) and to identify the incidence of epithelial disruptions in various demographic populations. Setting TLC Laser Eye Center, McLean, Virginia, USA. Design Comparative case series. Methods Using a matched-pair design, hyperosmotic treatment was randomized to 1 eye of patients having bilateral LASIK. The primary outcome measure, epithelial integrity, was assessed in each eye. Epithelial integrity was evaluated in groups defined by characteristics that included age, sex, ethnicity, skin type, presence or absence of rosacea, eye color, and hair color. Results The study evaluated 496 eyes of 248 patients. The preoperative hyperosmotic treatment was associated with significantly less corneal epithelial disruption, as indicated by an epithelial integrity score. Compared with control eyes, the rate of corneal epithelial disruptions in the population of treated eyes decreased by 40% (relative risk, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.95). Among the characteristics studied, age was the best predictor of corneal epithelial disruptions; every 1-year increase in age was associated with a 9.0% increase in the risk for corneal epithelial disruptions (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). Eyes of patients older than 34 years had a 4.4 times greater odds of being associated with epithelial disturbances than eyes of patients 34 years or younger. Conclusions The preoperative use of hyperosmotic agents can reduce the risk for intraoperative epithelial disruptions during LASIK. An increase in epithelial disruptions was associated with increasing age. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Contribution of High Plasma Triglycerides and Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Residual Risk of Coronary Heart Disease After Establishment of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control

To determine the relative contributions of triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the residual risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) after the reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to guideline-recommended levels, we conducted a hospital-based, case-control study with optimal matching in the strata of LDL cholesterol, gender, ethnicity, and age. The 170 cases and 175 controls were patients at Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) from 2005 to 2008 who had an LDL cholesterol level
High Heat Flux Absorption Utilizing Porous Materials With Two-Phase Heat Transfer

By combining two-phase heat transfer with forced convective flow through a porous material, a new heat transfer scheme emerges with the ability to absorb high heat fluxes without the corresponding temperature increase encountered in single-phase systems. In general, flow-through sintered metals are characterized by high thermal conductivity due to the metallic media, and a fluid flow which on the macro scale can be described as slug flow in nature. These same characteristics are exhibited by liquid metal flow cooling systems. To predict the heat transfer attributes of this two-phase flow process, a semi-analytical model was developed using the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy along with the apparent physical properties of the composite material. The results indicate that when a heat flux is applied to one side of the bounding surface and adiabatic conditions exist on the remaining sides, the surface temperature asymptotically approaches the same value regardless of the mass flow rate. In addition to the analytical results, definitions for the convection coefficient and Nusselt number for flow-through porous materials with phase change are presented.
Computerized Image Processing At Jpl

Two years ago at the tenth SPIE Symposium I presented a paper (Ref. 1) which illustrated some of the work JPL has been doing in the development of hardware and techniques for processing of the Ranger and Mariner pictures. It is the purpose of this paper to bring you up to date on our more recent activities.© (1967) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Carbon-carbon bond activation of R-CN (R = Me, Ar, iPr, tBu) using a cationic Rh(III) complex.

Addition of 1.0 equiv of Ph3SiH to [Cp*(PMe3)Rh(Me)(CH2Cl2)]+BAr‘4- (1) resulted in release of methane and quantitative formation of [Cp*(PMe3)Rh(SiPh3)(CH2Cl2)]+BAr‘4- (2). Subsequent addition of ...
Root surface acid phosphatase activities of vascular epiphytes of a Costa Rican rain forest

The objective of this work was to compare root surface phosphatase activities of vascular epiphytes typical of a lowland tropical forest. Acid phophatase, measured at pH 5.0 with the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate, was detected in 22 species distributed within 10 plant families. Epiphytes were classified as trunk, canopy-mat or bare-limb species based upon their usual occurrence. Phosphatase activity was not significantly correlated with plant occurrence. However, phosphatase activity was generally highest in trunk occurring and canopy-mat epiphytes rooted in mosses and humus-like accumulations, and lowest in species restricted to bare limbs. Epiphyte shoot phosphorus and chlorophyll content were correlated with species occurrence, with phosphatase being positively correlated with plant P content. The observed changes in acid phosphatase production among habitats were consistent with predicted changes in the availability of organic P sources. However, observed changes also reflect accompanying shifts in root structure including: the occurrence of velamen or waxy layers, changes in root diameter, branching and root hair density.
Reliability of Early Iodine 123 Uptake for Treatment of Graves Disease in Children

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of early radioiodine uptake (RAIU) in calculation of the radioiodine ablation dose for pediatric patients with Graves disease. METHODS: This retrospective review of medical records involved 22 pediatric patients with Graves disease, who had undergone early (4 to 8 hours) and late (24 to 26 hours) RAIU studies and were treated with iodine 131 (131I). Quantitative data are reported as mean ± standard error of the mean. Early and late RAIU and actual administered versus calculated 131I ablation doses were compared by using the paired t test. The correlation between early and late RAIU was assessed by curvilinear regression analysis. Significance was assessed at P<.05. RESULTS: Mean early RAIU was 57.1% ± 18.2%, and mean late RAIU was 72.1% ± 14.4% (P<.05). Curvilinear regression analysis showed the following: late RAIU = 7.13 + 1.71 × (early RAIU) - 0.01 x (early RAIU)2; r2 = 0.75. The mean ablation dose of 131I based on late RAIU was 9.3 ± 2.0 mCi. The calculated radioiodine dose would have been, on average, 32% higher (12.3 ± 3.8 mCi; P<.05) had early RAIU been used. CONCLUSION: In children, early RAIU can be much lower than late RAIU. This may be misleading for ablation dose calculations. Therefore, late RAIU should be used to avoid overtreatment in children with Graves disease.
Protection from Experimental Cerebral Malaria with a Single Dose of Radiation-Attenuated, Blood-Stage Plasmodium berghei Parasites

Background Whole malaria parasites are highly effective in inducing immunity against malaria. Due to the limited success of subunit based vaccines in clinical studies, there has been a renewed interest in whole parasite-based malaria vaccines. Apart from attenuated sporozoites, there have also been efforts to use live asexual stage parasites as vaccine immunogens.
Steroidogenic Effect of 170-Estradiol in the Rabbit: Stimulation of Progesterone Synthesis in Prematurely Regressing Corpora Lutea

The possibility that estradiol might have a steroidogenic effect on the rabbit corpus luteum was investigated, first by rapid withdrawal of estradiol to allow a partial decline in serum progesterone, followed by replacement of estradiol to determine whether luteal progesterone synthesis could be stimulated. Estradiolfilled Silastic capsules, which cause rapid, 5- to 6-fold elevations in serum estradiol and which release estradiol at constant rates, were implanted sc on day 1 (the day after sterile mating) of pseudopregnancy. The estradiol implant was left in place until day 10, when it was removed. On day 11, the implant was either replaced or sham replaced. Serum progesterone on day 10 was 14 ng/ml and, after removal of estradiol implants, decreased to 3.9 ng/ml within 24 h. After replacement of estradiol on day 11, serum progesterone increased to 6.5 ng/ml within 12 h and continued to rise to mean values of 12-13 ng/ml on days 15-17. In animals without estradiol replacement, serum progesterone continued...
Monocrotaline pyrrole-induced endothelial cell megalocytosis involves a Golgi blockade mechanism.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids initiate disease in the lung (pulmonary hypertension), liver (veno-occlusive disease and cirrhosis), and kidneys (afferent arteriolar block and mesangiolysis) by inducing a ...
Conformational studies of 2-fluoroethanol in liquid xenon from temperature dependence FT-IR spectra

Abstract A variable temperature (− 45°C to − 100°C) study of the infrared spectra (4000-400 cm−1 of 2-fluoroethanol, FCH2CH2OH, dissolved in liquid xenon has been performed. Some frequency shifts for a few fundamentals of the Gg′ conformer (G indicates gauche conformation with respect to the CC bond and g′ to the CO bond) between the gas phase values and those obtained from the xenon solution have been observed. The far infrared spectrum from 360 to 80 cm−1 has been obtained for gaseous FCH2CH2OD. From these data the OD torsional fundamental is assigned at 238.5 cm−1 for the Gg′ conformer which indicates that the 345 cm−1 band rather than the 308 cm−1 band is the OH torsional fundamental for the FCH2CH2OH molecule. Gas phase infrared spectrum from 4000 to 400 cm−1 at a resolution of 0.1 cm−1 has been obtained for 2-fluoroethanol. The contours are compared to those predicted for the various conformers. The fundamental vibrational frequencies, harmonic force fields, infrared intensities, Raman activities ( RHF 6–31G∗ ), structural parameters and conformational stabilities have been obtained from ab initio calculations at the MP 2 6–31 G ∗∗ level and structural parameters and conformational stabilities have been obtained from MP 2 6–311++ G ∗∗ calculations. The results are compared to those for the other haloethanols.
Properties of saliva cotinine in young adult light smokers

The half-life of saliva cotinine and its accuracy at detecting light or intermittent smoking were examined. Five subjects provided daily saliva samples for 23 days and quit smoking on day 4. An average of 2.8 days was required for saliva continue to drop below the cutoff for classification as a smoker. All smokers smoked intermittently at various times after day 9. In most cases the smoking of one or two cigarettes was detected in the saliva sample on subsequent days. Saliva cotinine was sensitive to low rates of smoking and to intermittent smoking.
Structural studies on reconstituted reaction center-phosphatidylcholine membranes.

Abstract Reaction center protein, isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R26 mutant, was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine bilayers forming a homogeneous population of unilamellar vesicles. Cytochrome c , added to preformed reaction center-phosphatidylcholine vesicles, rapidly reduced up to 90% of the laser-generated (BChl) ⨥ 2 of the reaction center (with kinetics of electron transfer similar to those in the chromatophore membrane) which suggests that the portion of the reaction center which accommodates functional cytochrome c binding sites is exposed predominantly on the exterior of the vesicles. Unit cell electron density profiles were derived from lamellar X-ray diffraction from oriented reaction center-phosphatidylcholine membrane multilayers at varying lipid/protein ratios. The analysis of these profiles showed that the reaction center protein incorporates into the phosphatidylcholine membrane with unique sidedness and that the profile of the reaction center protein itself is asymmetric and spans the membrane.
Variable 3He/heat ratios in submarine hydrothermal systems: evidence from two plumes over the Juan de Fuca ridge

The first vent fluid samples recovered from submarine hydrother-mal systems on the Galapagos Rift1 and at 21° N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR)2 had a nearly identical ratio of 3He/heat of ~0.5 x l0−12cm3STPcar−1, even though the two hydrothermal systems were separated geographically and had widely differing fluid exit temperatures (~20 and ~350 °C, respectively)3–5. Jenkins et al.3 combined this ratio with independent estimates of the flux of mantle 3He through the oceans6, to calculate a global oceanic hydrothermal heat flux of 4.9 x 1019cal yr−1, which is in excellent agreement with geophysical estimates for this flux7,8. Other investigators then combined this 3He flux with measured ratios of various chemicals in vent fluids to 3He (such as Mn/3He and Si/3He) to estimate global hydrothermal fluxes for these species1,9,10. Here we show that 3He/heat ratios vary by over an order of magnitude between submarine hydrothermal systems, suggesting that early measurements of the 3He/heat relation are not representative of all hydrothermal systems, and that flux calculations based on the oceanic 3He flux must be undertaken with caution.
Defending the Wide-Scope Approach to Instrumental Reason

The Wide-Scope approach to instrumental reason holds that the requirement to intend the necessary means to your ends should be understood as a requirement to either intend the means, or else not intend the end. In this paper I explain and defend a neglected version of this approach. I argue that three serious objections to Wide-Scope accounts turn on a certain assumption about the nature of the reasons that ground the Wide-Scope requirement. The version of the Wide-Scope approach defended here allows us to reject this assumption, and so defuse the objections.
Structure and diffusion of boron in amorphous silica: Role of oxygen vacancy related defects

Based on first-principles density-functional calculations, we present the structure and diffusion of boron in amorphous silica, as well as in crystalline silica for comparison purpose. We find that incorporation of a boron atom into the amorphous silica matrix results in various minimum-energy configurations with and without oxygen deficient centers, and also the B-related defects can undergo interconversions at elevated temperatures. While B atoms preferentially remain in the trigonal ${\text{BO}}_{3}$ form in amorphous silica, our work shows that B diffusion may require transformation of the immobile ${\text{BO}}_{3}$ state to a mobile B state by capturing oxygen vacancy related defects equivalent to an S center, which is a combination of an oxygen vacancy and a trivalent Si defect with an unpaired electron. Considering an energy cost for S center creation, our predicted activation energy of B diffusion is in good agreement with experiments. In addition, the defect-mediated diffusion model can explain the observed correlation of B diffusion and Si self-diffusion in amorphous silica.
Evaluation of isomorphous models of alloys

Order-$N$ methods for calculating the electronic structure of clusters containing hundreds of atoms using realistic self-consistent density-functional theory local-density approximation potentials make it possible to test alloy theories more definitively. Tests are carried out on isomorphous models of alloys in which the atoms of each species are treated as identical. In contrast, the order-$N$ calculations lead to a polymorphous model in which all of the atoms are unique. Isomorphous models are seen to reproduce average densities of states and cohesive energies surprisingly well, in spite of their deficiencies in other areas.
Active Fault Motion in a Coastal Wetland: Matagorda, Texas

Abstract Active growth faults contribute to the subsidence of deltaic basins around the world and can significantly augment local rates of relative sea level rise, which can inundate and drown wetlands. Little information exists on the temporal frequency and spatial magnitude of motion along these faults. Our objective was to quantify fault activity and displacement at multiple time scales in a salt marsh wetland on the East Matagorda Peninsula, Texas. We present evidence of this activity that includes remotely sensed aerial imagery, LiDAR data, ground penetrating radar data, shallow seismic data, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic evidence from core data, and sub-centimeter GPS and survey monitoring. The results support the interpretation that the Matagorda fault is currently active, and has been active in the past. Subsurface data to depths of ~ 150 m displays evidence of disrupted strata at the fault plane, as well as thicker strata on the downthrown side of the fault. In the shallow subsurface down to ~ 3 m of depth, vertical displacement in stratigraphic markers and surface deformation exhibits a sinusoidal pattern that runs perpendicular to the fault plane, which we interpret to represent fault-propagation folding. Maximum throw on this fault is estimated at ~ 0.75 m over the last ~ 40–50 years. We also recorded a vertical drop of − 0.208 m in the span of a single year, at a location close to the fault on its downthrown side. Records of yearly elevation change also show evidence of ongoing fault-propagation folding. We conclude that whereas the surface at the Matagorda fault moves intermittently up and down at the yearly time scale, fault displacement manifests as a sinusoidal pattern of displacement and deformation which has been integrated into the stratigraphic record at decadal-to-millennial time scales. This study presents a rare look into active motion and details its effects on the modern evolution of unconsolidated sedimentary surfaces.
Simulation of ultra‐wideband indoor propagation

A comprehensive simulation of ultra-wideband signal propagation in indoor environments is presented. The simulation is based on time-domain electromagnetic modeling of transmitting and receiving antennas and the analysis of wave propagation through indoor channels using the time-domain uniform theory of diffraction. The antennas are a pair of TEM horns which are modeled as arrays of vee dipoles. The analysis of these antennas is performed directly in the time domain, without the need for transforming the solutions from the frequency domain to the time domain. The frequency dependence of materials utilized in the structure on the indoor channel is accounted for in the channel simulation. The simulation results are compared with the corresponding measured results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 103–108, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20221
Changes in body composition after lung transplantation in children

Background The evaluation of nutritional status, including body composition measurements, in pediatric patients before and after lung transplant (LTx) can aid in adapting nutrition support and physical rehabilitation programs to meet individual patient needs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the changes in weight, lean body mass (LBM), and body fat (BF) before and after LTx and their association with lung function in pediatric patients. Methods Included were 41 LTx patients, aged 3 months to 20.7 years, who had at least 2 body composition measurements determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar Prodigy, Waukesha, WI) in the first 2 years after LTx were measured pre-LTX and at 12 or 24 months post-LTX, for weight, LBM, and BF. Results Pre-LTx, 29% of patients had moderate and 12% had severe chronic malnutrition (growth stunting). This compares with 21% of patients being moderately LBM-depleted and 23% being BF-depleted. The weight change at 12 and 24 months was +9.3% (interquartile range, 5.6%–23%) and +4.7% (0.9%–11.6%), respectively; whereas the LBM change at 12 and 24 months was +15.2% (6.8%–17.1%) and +4.2% (–0.6% to 7.7%), respectively. LBM percentiles correlated with pulmonary function tests ( % predicted forced vital capacity [ρ = 0.36, p = 0.001] and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [ρ = 0.265, p = 0.015). Conclusions Maximum weight and LBM gain occur at 12 months after LTx, with smaller gains noted at 24 months. Clinicians must look beyond height and weight and evaluate LBM and fat mass in pediatric patients after LTx.
Wise as Serpents, Innocent as DovesThe New Evangelical Historiography

IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE, it was not unknown for bugs, beasts, and birds to be brought to trial, represented by council, and meted out sentences (frequently capital punishment) for "crimes" committed against humans. The spectacle of pigs appearing in the witness chair, or rats failing to appear (this was because, as one apologetic sixteenth-century jurist explained solemnly to the ecclesiastical court at Autun (Evans, 1987), the rats had not been guaranteed safe conduct past the local cats) was not a joke. It was a serious attempt-by European culture to make sense of the zoo within and to tame unpredictable beasts hidden in deep, dark lairs of both the soul and the social order. The spectacle of animal trials may be interpreted as but a dramatic enactment of similar psychological and social forces that have resulted in one of the most arresting phenomena in American religious scholarship today: the emergence in academe of a group of evangelical historians to a position of dominance in fundamentalist/evangelical historiography and to a front-rank position within scholarship on American religious history generally. Just to mention the names of Joel Carpenter, Nathan Hatch, George Marsden, Mark Noll, Harry Stout, and Grant Wacker is both to describe the gist and grist of much coming-ofage historiography and to celebrate evangelicalism's emergence in the
Role of Ion Energy and Flux on Inductively Coupled Plasma Etch Damage in InGaN/GaN Multi Quantum Well Light Emitting Diodes

The effect of inductive coupled plasma (ICP) etching of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the device performance was investigated. InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well LEDs with emission wavelengths 420 nm were fabricated using Cl2/Ar ICP etching to form the mesa for the n-contact. Different rf chuck powers (controlling incident ion energy) and source powers (controlling ion flux) were used to examine their effect on junction leakage current. At high ion fluxes (source powers > 500 W), the junctions were very heavily damaged. The forward turn-on voltage was increased by using higher ion energies from 4.55 V for 120 eV ion energy to 5.1 V for 300 eV. The reverse bias current was much less sensitive to the ion energy during plasma etching and increased only above an average ion energy of ~300 eV. The current transport in the LEDs is dominated by generation-recombination and surface leakage components (ideality factor ≥2) in all cases.
"And teach agony to sing": an afternoon with Eleanor Clarke Slagle.

Using published works, archival correspondence, interviews with contemporaries, and historical commentary, an imagined conversation is presented between Eleanor Clarke Slagle (1871-1942) and three of her actual contemporaries. As a founder of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (later to become the American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA] and a past-president and executive secretary of AOTA for 21 years, Slagle came in contact with a host of therapists as well as men and women who influenced her and the occupational therapy profession, most particularly Julia Lathrop, Adolf Meyer, William Rush Dunton, Jr., and Ida Sands. Emphasis is placed on some of her early life experiences; Hull House; and the evolution of the occupational therapy belief system, including occupations, curative work, and spiritual rehabilitation (i.e., self-respect, interests, ambition, happiness, economic usefulness, success). Special attention was taken to reflect Slagle's typical use of language and the vernacular of the mid-1930s. Extensive study was undertaken, through reading Slagle's published works, to remain true to her use of language.
The effect of insulin and sodium dodecyl sulfate on rat hepatic cell respiration.

Abstract Insulin depressed hepatic cell respiration in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose by enhancing the uptake of this glycolytic inhibitor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed little to no respiratory effect in such a system. Both insulin alone and SDS alone enhanced hepatic respiratory rates in the absence of glycolytic inhibitor. In the presence of both insulin and SDS these rates were increased to an extent greater than that observed for either substance alone.
A novel flow performance metric for the assessment of prosthetic heart valves

Despite new prosthetic heart valves entering the market, prosthetic heart valves still do not come close to mimicking our natural heart valves. As important as it is to design new prosthetic heart valves, just as important is the need for appropriate performance metrics to evaluate prosthetic heart valves. This paper is focused on addressing this concern by proposing a novel metric of prosthetic heart valve performance and showing evidence that supports this claim. More specifically, existing flow performance metrics for prosthetic heart valves currently used by the Food and Drug Administration are based on basic flow characteristics which do not take into account the flow novelties exhibited by varying prosthetic heart valve designs. A more sophisticated flow performance metric, based on characterizing vortex ring formation in the heart and past prosthetic heart valves, is investigated herein to gain insight into the usefulness of the Vortex Ring Formation Number. Vortex Ring Formation Number is derived from understanding vortex ring formation, which is an important mechanism for fluid transport during ventricular filling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate Vortex Ring Formation Number across a variety of cardiac operating conditions. Our in-vitro results show that vortex ring formation can differentiate the performance of prosthetic heart valve designs. The implications are: improving prosthetic heart valve performance metrics, enabling surgeons to guide patients in selecting the most appropriate prosthetic heart valve to implant, and aiding engineers/scientists who continuously seek to improve prosthetic heart valve designs.
Adaptive estimation of cointegrated models: simulation evidence and an application to the forward exchange market

The paper reports simulation and empirical evidence on the finite-sample performance of adaptive estimators in cointegrated systems. Adaptive estimators are asymptotically efficient, even when the shape of the likelihood function is unknown. We consider two representations of cointegrated systems—triangular cointegrating regressions and error correction models. The motivation for and advantages of adaptive estimators in such systems are discussed and their construction is described. We report results from the estimation of a forward exchange market unbiasedness regression using the adaptive and competing estimators, and provide related Monte Carlo simulation evidence on the performance of the estimators. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of nickel compounds on incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA in rat liver and kidney

In vivo incorporation of (/sup 3/H) thymidine into DNA was determined in rats at 28 h after partial hepatectomy. Administration of nickel carbonyl (Ni(CO)/sub 4/) at 2 or 4 h before sacrifice inhibited (/sup 3/H) thymidine uptake into liver and kidney DNA. For example, in rats killed 4 h after i.v. injection of Ni(CO)/sub 4/ (2 mg Ni/100 g), (/sup 3/H)-labelling of liver DNA averaged 54 (SE +- 10% of controls (p<0.05), and (/sup 3/H)-labelling of kidney DNA averaged 53 (SE +- 6)% of controls (p<0.01). Injection of NiCl/sub 2/(2 mg Ni/100 g, i.m.) 4 h before death did not significantly affect (/sup 3/H) thymidine uptake into liver DNA, but did inhibit (/sup 3/H) thymidine uptake into kidney DNA (65 +- 6%, p<0.02). Binding of /sup 63/Ni to DNA in liver and kidney of rats killed 4 h after injection of /sup 63/Ni(CO)/sub 4/ or /sup 63/NiCl/sub 2/ ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 mol /sup 63/Ni/mol of DNA nucleotides. Ultracentrifugation of DNA on alkaline sucrose gradients did not reveal any differences between sedimentation profiles of hepatic DNA from Ni(CO)/sub 4/-treated rats versus paired control rats.
Kidnapping and State Development in the United States

A nation-state defending against threats may, in the process, alter itself: some threats cannot be handled by existing political and institutional arrangements. Of course, the dynamic response undertaken to answer external, state-issued threats has been widely noted. Many students of government—if not history—understand wars between nations to be a great catalyst for state development. Interestingly, even non-state and vastly weaker threats can elicit transformative responses.
Blind trials and better business

BENJAMIN GOES BLIND Benjamin Franklin invented the blind trial.1 Working as a diplomat with our allies in Paris, he won recognition from the King of England for the independence and sovereignty of the United States of America while being less than frank with the French. Instead of reproaching him, King Louis exploited the talents of our diplomatscientist. The upper crust of Paris was being mesmerized by Franz Anton Mesmer, who came from Vienna in 1778. Trained in medicine and theology, the naturally persuasive Mesmer treated the ills of the rich and powerful with magnets and charmed the heights of society. His popularity gave rise to a verb, “to mesmerize.” When Mesmer proposed to build a hospital, King Louis appointed a commission to investigate the therapeutic claims. Included were Joseph Ignace Guillotin, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, and, at its head, Franklin, who needed to please. Mesmerism used animal magnetism. Patients sat around a tub (condenser) with projecting iron rods (conductors) that were used to touch sore spots. Franklin pondered and wrote about hypochondria, psychosomatic effects, and the possibility that delusion may be useful while its lasts. Nevertheless, he was skeptical and developed an experimental plan. The patients would be literally blindfolded so that they would not know whether the instrument with which they would be touched or rubbed, sometimes erotically,
Multipole pairing states and the correspondence between two- and four-particle transfer reactions

Abstract Data for the 58,60 Ni( 6 Li, d) 62,64 Zn reactions, together with an analysis in terms of a simple multipole pairing model, indic that two-phonon states are extremely weakly excited. This result arises from the dominance of monopole pairing correlations in four-particle transfer reactions and explains the observed correspondence between two- and four-particle transfer reactions populating the same final nucleus.
MUTAGENICITY OF THE COMBINATION OF A VOLATILE ANAESTHETIC AND NITROUS OXIDE

The mutagenic potential of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane in combination with nitrous oxide was investigated using the sex-linked recessive lethal assay in the fruit fly Drosophila melano-gaster. Male wild-type flies were exposed for 1 h to 1 or 2% volatile anaesthetic with various concentrations of nitrous oxide up to 75%. They were then mated with untreated females of the Base marker strain. A brooding pattern was used to assess mutagenicity at different germ cell stages. The rate of lethal mutations was assessed in the F 2 generation. Halothane produced a dose-dependent increase in the rate of lethal mutations, but the mutagenicity was independent of the presence of nitrous oxide and of the stage of germ cell formation. Neither enflurane nor isoflurane was mutagenic in the presence of nitrous oxide.
Characterization of an Escherichia coli Mutant Pleiotropically Altered in Membrane-Bound Oxidoreductase Activities

An Escherichia coli mutant pleiotropically altered in membrane-bound oxidoreductase activities was isolated following nitrosoguanidine treatment. Mutant R23 was able to grow on glucose, but was unable to grow on succinate or other oxidizable substrates as a sole energy source. Isolated membranes prepared from R23 failed to oxidize succinate and formate; while NADH was oxidized at a reduced rate by membranes. The mutant also exhibited markedly reduced cytochrome content, but normal DL-lactate PMS reductase and H+-translocating ATPase activities relative to the parent strain. Bacteriophage P1kc was used to transduce R23 to growth on glycerol, DL-lactate or succinate; regardless of the selection procedure, each of the 179 transductants had gained the ability to grow on all three substrates. The suc− mutation in R23 appeared to be responsible for the loss of growth on oxidizable substrates, altered membrane-bound oxidoreductase activities, resistance to neomycin, and reduced levels of cytochrome components. The suc− mutation was localized in the 6 to 6.5 min region of the E. coli chromosome map utilizing episomal transfers.
Providing Family Day Care: An Analysis of Home-Based Work

In this paper I consider family day care as a site in which to explore the personal and social consequences of home-based work. The data are from a questionnaire sent to all registered day care providers in Vermont (N=225) and from interviews with 28 registered and 34 unregistered family day care providers. I describe the motivation for offering family day care. I discuss how the autonomy of family day care providers is constrained. Finally, I look at some additional economic, personal and political consequences of home-based work. Although, from one perspective, family day care might be considered a booming success, I argue that this success rests on the secondary status of women in the labor force and on the unpaid labor of women at home.
Sonographic findings in splenogonadal fusion

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare developmental anomaly usually presenting as a scrotal mass. The imaging findings and etiology of this condition are discussed. Knowledge of this entity may help to prevent unnecessary orchiectomy.
Synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests in healthy neonatal foals.

BACKGROUND Cosyntropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) stimulation tests are used to evaluate adrenal function. Low-dose ACTH stimulation tests are the most accurate method for diagnosing relative adrenal insufficiency in critically ill humans but have not been evaluated in foals. HYPOTHESIS Peak serum cortisol concentrations in healthy foals will not be significantly different after intravenous administration of 1, 10, 100, and 250 microg of cosyntropin. ANIMALS 14 healthy neonatal foals, 3-4 days of age. METHODS A randomized cross-over model was used in which cosyntropin (1, 10, 100, or 250 microg) was administered intravenously on days 3 and 4 of life. Blood samples were collected before and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after administration of cosyntropin for determination of serum cortisol concentration. RESULTS Serum cortisol concentrations did not significantly increase after administration of 1 microg of cosyntropin. Cortisol concentration peaked 30 minutes after administration of 10 microg of cosyntropin and 90 minutes after 100 and 250 microg of cosyntropin. There was no relationship between cosyntropin dose and serum cortisol concentration at 30 minutes. Compared with the 10-microg dose, 100 and 250 microg of cosyntropin induced significantly greater cortisol concentrations at 90 minutes, at which point the 10-microg cosyntropin-dose cortisol values were indistinguishable from baseline. There was no significant difference in the area under the cortisol concentration curve between the 100- and 250-microg doses. No effect of day of testing or foal weight on peak cortisol concentration was detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The results of this study suggest that 10- and 100-microg doses of cosyntropin would be appropriate for evaluating adrenal function in neonatal foals.
Priority for primary health care: its development and problems

National health policies of many countries stress priority for primary health care (PHC). This emphasis has arisen as a reaction to large expenditures on hospitals and sophisticated technology in major cities of developing countries, while vast rural populations have been virtually ignored. The paradox developed from colonial and neo-colonial emulation of European and North American medical models. In 1978, an international conference of WHO/UNICEF at Alma-Ata, USSR defined the meaning of PHC, along with several principles of organization and equity under which it should be provided. To reach rural people with PHC, thousands of community health workers have been prepared and stationed in villages. Their training, however, is very brief and, with weak supervision, their performance has been disappointing. To achieve the WHO goal of "Health for All" through PHC requires greatly expanded education of public health leaders, who can supervise and inspire community personnel.
Diffusion and adsorption phenomena in an immobilized enzyme reactor using adsorbed polymer for attachment of the enzyme in porous alumina particles

Abstract Experiments were performed to study the effects of an immobilized enzyme on the adsorption capacity and on the diffusion in a porous solid. The enzyme invertase was immobilized by covalently binding it to a polymer matrix adsorbed in the pores of alumina. The enzyme was found to hydrolyse sucrose to glucose plus fructose with an initial activity of 60 μmol/min-g alumina. Data on the long-term stability showed a 14% decrease in initial activity in 22 days. The adsorption of glucose, fructose, or sucrose alone on porous alumina and on porous alumina containing polymer and immobilized invertase was investigated. The presence of immobilized invertase and polymer matrices decreased the adsorption capacity by about 75%. The presence of immobilized invertase on the adsorbed polymer matrices also raised the experimental tortuosity factor for diffusion in the pores from 2.0 for plain alumina to 2.75 for invertase immobilized on alumina. The decrease of particle void fraction, the enzyme blockage effect, and an increase in pore restriction effect were used to explain the increase of the tortuosity factor.
Allergists and dermatologists have far more expertise in caring for patients with urticaria than other specialists

Abstract Background: Urticaria is a common disease for which numerous treatments have been described, yet there is little information about what agents are commonly used to treat urticaria. There may be differences in the way in which urticaria is treated by different medical specialties. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the visits and treatments of urticaria in office-based practices. Methods: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1990 to 1997 were analyzed to determine patient populations, medications used, and physician specialties for visits of urticaria. Results: Women accounted for 69% of all patient visits, but an equal gender distribution was observed in patients 18 years of age and younger. There was a bimodal age distribution with peak visits in patients aged birth to 9 years and 30 to 40 years. H 1 antihistamines and systemic corticosteroids were used in 56% and 14% of visits, respectively. Other medications reported as useful in the treatment of urticaria were used in 12% of visits. Allergists and dermatologists had a mean of 47 and 37 visits per physician per year, respectively, compared with all other physicians who averaged fewer than 10 visits per physician per year. Allergists were the least likely to use a corticosteroid agent (6% of visits), whereas internists were the most likely (29% of visits). Dermatology and allergy recorded a relatively large percentage of visits for urticaria that were referred for their condition by other physicians (49% and 25% of visits, respectively). Conclusion: We observed a bimodal utilization curve for age and urticaria not previously described. H 1 antihistamines remain the mainstay in treatment of urticaria, whereas the low use of systemic corticosteroids likely reflects physicians' understanding of their secondary function in the treatment of urticaria. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:1084-91.)
Parametric optimization of microhardness of diamond-like carbon films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Diamond-like amorphous carbon (DLC) thin films may have high hardness and low surface roughness depending on the deposition process parameters. A systematic parametric study of DLC films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition was conducted. Atomic force microscopy was applied to characterize the film microhardness and the surface mean roughness. The complex parametric effects of multiple deposition variables on process responses (microhardness and mean roughness) were examined using a face-centered central composite response surface experimental design. The directions, magnitudes, and significance of various main and interaction effects on the responses were studied. The response contour plots indicated that a combination of relatively high induction power and low deposition pressure at high bias voltage with low Ar dilution produces DLC films with high hardness. The parametric optimization agreed reasonably well with theoretical predictions. The design of experiments is demonstrated to be a powerful tool in exploration of the parameter space of the complex physical process of DLC film deposition.