cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of social experience in eavesdropping by male wolf spiders (Lycosidae)

When reproductive success is limited by mate search costs, males can reduce costs by eavesdropping and initiating displays if conspecific courtship is detected. Here, we examine eavesdropping by male Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders, with field studies, laboratory studies using video playback and live exposure studies. In field enclosure experiments, introduced males responded with increased courtship signalling behaviour in the presence of a courting male. In the laboratory, field-collected males spent more time engaged in interaction behaviours and performed more bouts of courtship activity in response to a courting video male stimulus than did laboratory-reared males, suggesting that eavesdropping might arise as a consequence of field experience. To explore this further, we conducted associative learning studies on naive, laboratory-reared males, pairing video playback of male courtship with sensory cues indicating female presence. Results showed that males with no prior exposure learned to associate courtship of other males with cues indicating the presence of females. In subsequent video playback experiments, field-collected males recognized differences in male behaviour, responding with courtship more often and for longer periods to video stimuli of courting male spiders than to walking males or an empty leaf litter background (no spider). Additional studies showed that males spent significantly more time in courtship displays when presented with two to three live or video male stimuli simultaneously. Together, these findings confirm that male wolf spiders meet assumptions of eavesdropping behaviour, and suggest that social experience arising from exposure to courtship interactions of conspecifics may impact male eavesdropping and subsequent courtship behaviour.
Response to "The Mysterious Disappearance of the Object of Inquiry: Jacobs and Arora's Defense of Circumcision".

While we appreciate the ongoing conversation regarding ritual male infant circumcision, it is clear that in his recent critique of our article (Jacobs and Arora 2015), Darby misunderstands some of ...
Gel electrophoretic technique for separating crosslinked RNAs: Application to improved electron microscopic analysis of psoralen crosslinked 16 S ribosomal RNA

Abstract We have developed a gel electrophoresis technique for separating crosslinked RNA molecules into a series of discrete fractions. The gel used is polyacrylamide made in formamide and low salt designed to denature the RNA during electrophoresis. The mobility depends upon the position of crosslinking within each molecule, as demonstrated by electron microscopy of RNA eluted from the gel. In general, molecules with large loops electrophorese more slowly than molecules with small loops or uncrosslinked molecules. We have used this technique to re-examine the psoralen crosslinking pattern of Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA in inactivated 30 S ribosomal subunits. To determine the correct orientation of each type of crosslink, we have covalently attached DNA restriction fragments to the RNA so that the polarity of the RNA in the microscope would be known. Our previous major conclusions are confirmed: the predominant long-distance crosslink detected by gel electrophoresis involves a residue close to the 3′ end and a residue approximately 600 nucleotides away: the formamide/polyacrylamide gel is able to separate two closely spaced 1100-nucleotide interactions beginning close to the 3′ end, which were reported as one interaction before: and an interaction joining the ends is detected as before. However, one low-frequency crosslinked interaction, between positions 950 and 1400, and possibly another low-frequency interaction, between positions 550 and 870, are determined to be in the opposite polarity to that described previously.
A Data Management Framework for Urgent Geoscience Workflows

The emerging class of urgent geoscience workflows are capable of quickly allocating computational resources for time critical tasks. To date, no urgent computing capabilities for data services exists. Since urgent geoscience and Earth science workflows are typically data intensive, urgent data services are necessary so that these urgent workflows do not bottleneck on inappropriately managed or provisioned resources. In this paper we examine emerging urgent Earth and geoscience workflows, the data services used by these workflows, and our proposed urgent data management framework for managing urgent data services.
Minimum-cost sensor coverage of planar regions

We consider the placement of sensors with circular sensing regions for q-coverage of planar regions.We first consider the placement of sensors of multiple types and costs over a specified set of locations to minimize the total sensorspsila cost. We present two approximate solutions to this problem with multiplicative factors of 3 and 1+1/l of the optimal cost, where l is a tunable parameter. We then present a method to transform a region coverage instance into an equivalent point coverage instance and show a relationship between the cost of the optimal coverage of the two instances. This transformation enables us to use better studied approximation algorithms for point coverage to derive good sensor deployments for region coverage.
Langevin description of markovian integro-differential master equations

For a given master equation of a discontinuous irreversible Markov process, we present the derivation of stochastically equivalent Langevin equations in which the noise is either multiplicative white generalized Poisson noise or a spectrum of multiplicative white Poisson noise. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce two new stochastic integrals of the Ito type, which provide the corresponding interpretation of the Langevin equations. The relationship with other definitions for stochastic integrals is discussed. The results are elucidated by two examples of integro-master equations describing nonlinear relaxation.
Validation of Material Constants for Low-Cycle Fatigue Modeling

In our previous paper [1], four material constants required for Low-Cycle Fatigue under drop impact modeling in ABAQUS were obtained. This study aimed to validate that technique using conventional JEDEC drop test results. Several test boards were subjected to drop test at 3000G/0.28ms, close to the most severe condition of JEDEC Standard. During repetitive drops, the overall electrical resistance of daisy-chained solder joints of each package on the test board was monitored to detect the failure. Weibull distribution were obtained for edge and center package. The numerical model was then built in ABAQUS Low-cycle Fatigue, the set of constant obtained from previous study [1] was used as a reference source for the model. Fatigue life of the package extracted from the numerical model was compared with experiment results. The validation was finally reported.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Dihydroceramide-based response to hypoxia.

To understand the mechanisms of ceramide-based responses to hypoxia, we performed a mass spectrometry-based survey of ceramide species elicited by a wide range of hypoxic conditions (0.2–5% oxygen). We describe a rapid, time-dependent, marked up-regulation of dihydroceramides (DHCs) in mammalian cells and in the lungs of hypoxic rats. The increase affected all DHC species and was proportional with the depth and duration of hypoxia, ranging from 2- (1 h) to 10-fold (24 h), with complete return to normal after 1 h of reoxygenation at the expense of increased ceramides. We demonstrate that a DHC-based response to hypoxia occurs in a hypoxia-inducible factor-independent fashion and is catalyzed by the DHC desaturase (DEGS) in the de novo ceramide pathway. Both the impact of hypoxia on DHC molecular species and its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation were reproduced by knockdown of DEGS1 or DEGS2 by siRNA during normoxia. Conversely, overexpression of DEGS1 or DEGS2 attenuated the DHC accumulation and increased cell proliferation during hypoxia. Based on the amplitude and kinetics of DHC accumulation, the enzymatic desaturation of DHCs fulfills the criteria of an oxygen sensor across physiological hypoxic conditions, regulating the balance between biologically active components of ceramide metabolism.
"Survival" as an Interpretive Strategy: a Sino-Western Comparative Case Study

It seems strange to me that students of comparative religion have seldom asked whether there are people in the cultures we study who do something analogous to what we do. To pursue this sort of self-comparative inquiry requires going beyond studying their datai with our theory to ask after their theory; and it requires self-consciousness about what we ourselves have done and aimed to do in writing about religion. What follows is an example of how such comparisons might work. I will compare the way in which a common key idea or interpretive strategy informed two bodies of ethnographic writing. This last phrase I intend in the broad sense of writing about the ideas and customs of (usually "other") people, ideas and customs which, by the very fact of being written about, are taken by the writer to be somehow unusual, problematic, and requiring an effort of understanding and perhaps of explanation. The bodies of
Control of directionality in integrase-mediated recombination: examination of recombination directionality factors (RDFs) including Xis and Cox proteins

Similarity between the DNA substrates and products of integrase-mediated site-specific recombination reactions results in a single recombinase enzyme being able to catalyze both the integration and excision reactions. The control of directionality in these reactions is achieved through a class of small accessory factors that favor one reaction while interfering with the other. These proteins, which we will refer to collectively as recombination directionality factors (RDFs), play architectural roles in reactions catalyzed by their cognate recombinases and have been identified in conjunction with both tyrosine and serine integrases. Previously identified RDFs are typically small, basic and have diverse amino acid sequences. A subset of RDFs, the cox genes, also function as transcriptional regulators. We present here a compilation of all the known RDF proteins as well as those identified through database mining that we predict to be involved in conferring recombination directionality. Analysis of this group of proteins shows that they can be grouped into distinct sub-groups based on their sequence similarities and that they are likely to have arisen from several independent evolutionary lineages. This compilation will prove useful in recognizing new proteins that confer directionality upon site-specific recombination reactions encoded by plasmids, transposons, phages and prophages.
The neuronal form of nitric oxide synthase is required for pattern formation by retinal afferents in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus.

Abstract The ferret retinogeniculate projection undergoes activity-dependent refinement of connections that become restricted to eye specific laminae and On/Off sublaminae in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We have previously shown that the developmental process by which On/Off sublaminae form requires N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors and nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigate the role of the neuronal form of NO synthase (nNOS) in sublaminar refinement. This isoform of NOS may be coupled with NMDA receptors at postsynaptic sites. We found that nNOS is present in the developing LGN, and that blocking nNOS during development disrupts the formation of On/Off sublaminae. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) is not expressed in the LGN until after sublaminae have formed. These results suggest that the nNOS isoform is the predominant contributor of NO during development, and support the hypothesis that NO acts downstream of NMDA receptor activation to mediate activity-dependent changes in the patterning of connections in the LGN.
14.6 mT ELF magnetic field exposure yields no DNA breaks in model system Salmonella, but provides evidence of heat stress protection.

In this study, we demonstrate that common extremely low frequency magnetic field (MF) exposure does not cause DNA breaks in this Salmonella test system. The data does, however, provide evidence that MF exposure induces protection from heat stress. Bacterial cultures were exposed to MF (14.6 mT 60 Hz field, cycled 5 min on, 10 min off for 4 h) and a temperature-matched control. Double- and single-stranded DNA breaks were assayed using a recombination event counter. After MF or control exposure they were grown on indicator plates from which recombination events can be quantified and the frequency of DNA strand breaks deduced. The effect of MF was also monitored using a recombination-deficient mutant (recA). The results showed no significant increase in recombination events and strand breaks due to MF. Evidence of heat stress protection was determined using a cell viability assay that compared the survival rates of MF exposed and control cells after the administration of a 10 min 53 °C heat stress. The control cells exhibited nine times more cell mortality than the MF exposed cells. This Salmonella system provides many mutants and genetic tools for further investigation of this phenomenon. Bioelectromagnetics 27:445–450, 2006.© 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Navier and Stokes meet the wavelet

We work in the space ~ = ~-~ of divergence-free measurable vector fields on R 3 complete in the norm II N', where (l(vll')2= Sup I vN(y)d3y B(x, R) R 0. B(x, R) is the ball of radius R centered at x. Given an initial velocity distribution 3(0) in ~-, we find ~J(x, t) for 0 _ 0, such that g(x, t) is the unique strong solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, in a suitable sense. We expand g'(x, t) = g(x, t) - ~(x, 0) in terms of divergence-free vector wavelets
Physiologic and Psychological Symptoms Experienced by Adults With Acute Leukemia: An Integrative Literature Review

About 16,202 adults in the United States aged 20 years or older are estimated to have been diagnosed with acute leukemia (AL) in 2013 (Howlander et al., 2013). Historically, the diagnosis of AL was linked with poor prognosis, particularly in older adults. Improvement in the treatment and management of the disease has led to trends in increased overall survival (Pulte, Gondos, & Brenner, 2010). The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results reported the relative five-year survival rates from 2002–2008 for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to be 24% and 65%, respectively (Howlander et al., 2012). For adults diagnosed with AL, the acute and rapid nature of the disease requires emergent aggressive in-patient chemotherapy delivered over at least a week, depending on disease and treatment response. However, little is known about the physical and psychological symptoms in this unique population (Manitta, Zordan, Cole-Sinclair, Nandurkar, & Philip, 2011). Given that the overall symptom burden in this population has not been examined, the objective of this article is to evaluate the current literature addressing the physiologic and psychological symptoms that adults with AL experience and to provide current evidence to inform both practice and future directions for research.
The effect of mammalian parathyroid hormone on bone histology and serum calcium levels in Fundulus kansae

Mammalian parathyroid hormone (PTH), estrogen, or both hormones were injected into the plains killifish, Fundulus kansae, and held in either deionized water, Ca++-enriched tap water, or Ca++-free saline in order to determine the effects of such treatment on serum calcium levels and on bone histology. The injection of large doses of PTH into gravid females held in Ca++-free saline caused a drop in serum total calcium levels, but no changes in the structural aspects of bone were observed. Injection of estrogen into gravid females held in Ca++-free saline elevated the total serum calcium levels approximately 60% but had no observable effect upon bone histology or the amount of calcium present in bone as measured by the Von Kossa technique. The total serum calcium levels of the fish injected with both estrogen and PTH did not differ from the controls. It is suggested that bone, in F. kansae at least, is relatively insensitive to mammalian parathormone and estrogens and that the changes in serum calcium observed after treatment with these hormones depend, for the most part, on the supply of exogenous calcium available to the animals.
Probing pockets S2-S4' of the γ-secretase active site with (hydroxyethyl)urea peptidomimetics

Abstract (Hydroxyethyl)urea peptidomimetics are potent inhibitors of γ-secretase that are accessible in a few synthetic steps. Systematic alteration of P2–P4′ revealed that the corresponding S2–S4′ active site pockets accommodate a variety of substituents, consistent with the fact that this protease cleaves a variety of single-pass membrane proteins; however, phenylalanine is not well tolerated at P2′. A compound spanning P2–P3′ was identified as a low nM inhibitor of γ-secretase activity both in cells and under cell-free conditions.
New developments in osteoarthritis. Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options

Joint trauma can lead to a spectrum of acute lesions, including osteochondral fractures, ligament or meniscus tears and damage to the articular cartilage. This is often associated with intraarticular bleeding and causes posttraumatic joint inflammation. Although the acute symptoms resolve and some of the lesions can be surgically repaired, joint injury triggers a chronic remodeling process in cartilage and other joint tissues that ultimately manifests as osteoarthritis in a majority of cases. The objective of the present review is to summarize information on pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the acute and chronic consequences of joint trauma and discuss potential pharmacological interventions. The focus of the review is on the early events that follow joint trauma since therapies for posttraumatic joint inflammation are not available and this represents a unique window of opportunity to limit chronic consequences.
Telomeric fusion and chromosome instability in multiple tissues of a patient with mosaic Ullrich-Turner syndrome

We describe the cytogenetic evolution of multiple cell lines in the gonadal tissue of a 10-year-old girl with mosaic Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) involving clonal telomeric associations (tas) of the Y chromosome. G-band analysis of all tissues showed at least 2 cell lines; 45,X and 46,X,tas(Y;21)(q12;p13). However, analysis of left gonadal tissue of this patient showed the evolution of 2 additional cell lines, one designated 45,X,tas(Y;21)(q12;p13),-22 and the other 46,X,tas(Y;21)(q12;p13),+tas(Y;14)(q12;p13),-22. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of interphase nuclei from uncultured gonadal tissue confirmed the findings of aneuploidy in the left gonadal tissue and extended the findings of aneuploidy to the tissue of the right gonad. The chromosome findings in the gonadal tissue of this patient suggest a preneoplastic karyotype relating to several distinct tumor associations. The clonal evolution of telomeric fusions indicates chromosome instability and suggests the extra copy of the Y chromosome may have resulted from a fusion-related malsegregation. In addition, the extra Y suggests low-level amplification of a putative gonadoblastoma gene, while the loss of chromosome 22 suggests the loss of heterozygosity for genes on chromosome 22. This case demonstrates the utility of the study of gonadal tissue in 45X46,XY UTS patients, and provides evidence that clonal telomericmore » fusions may, in rare cases, be associated with chromosomal malsegregation and with the subsequent evolution of unstable karyotypes. 27 refs., 3 figs.« less
1988 Seoul olympics — visitor preferences

Abstract Sungsoo Pyo, PhD student, Muzaffer Uysal, Assistant Professor, and Richard Howell, Associate Professor, in the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism at Clemson University, describe the results of a study aimed at determining market preferences associated with the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Data were obtained from a sample of visitors to the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and results indicated that Seoul should target its marketing at Asian, European and North American males aged between 21 and 50, and aim to provide authentically Korean tourist products.
Facile synthesis of N-protected γ and δ-Amino-β-Keto-esters

The C-acylation of Meldrum's acid by protected amino acids, using isopropenyl chloroformate (IPCF) as the condensing agent, is described. The process is used to synthesize γ and δ-amino-β-keto-esters.
Dose- and age-dependent effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on hippocampal metabotropic-glutamate receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis

Prenatal ethanol exposure reduces the density of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist binding sites and decreases the capacity to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal tormation of 45-day-old rat offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal ethanol exposure would reduce metabotropic-glutamate receptor (mGluR)-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis also. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were fed a liquid diet containing either 3.35% (v/v) ethanol or 5.0% ethanol throughout gestation. Control groups were pair-fed either isocalorically matched 0% ethanol liquid diets or lab chow ad libitum. (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) stimulated inositol-1-phosphate (IP1) accumulation via activation of the mGluR in offspring whose mothers consumed the 3.35% ethanol liquid diet was not different compared with the control groups. Furthermore, trans-ACPD stimulated IP1 accumulation in 10 to 13-day-old offspring of the 5.0% ethanol diet group was not different compared with the control groups. However, trans-ACPD stimulated IP1 accumulation was reduced significantly in 56- to 82-day-old offspring of dams fed the 5.0% ethanol liquid diet compared with the control groups. In contrast, bethanechol stimulated IP1 accumulation, mediated via activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, was not affected by maternal consumption of either ethanol liquid diet. These results suggest both dose- and age-dependent effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on hippocampal responsiveness to trans-ACPD-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Furthermore, the ability of the 3.35% ethanol diet to alter hippocampal NMDA receptors without altering the mGluR response suggests a differential sensitivity to the effects of ethanol exposure in utero among hippocampal glutamate receptor subtypes. Recent studies indicate that activation of mGluRs facilitates NMDA receptor-dependent LTP. Thus, higher blood ethanol concentrations achieved by consumption of the 5.0% ethanol liquid diet adversely affects an additional glutamate receptor mechanism associated with LTP. This additional effect may lead to an even greater impact of prenatal ethanol exposure on LTP than occurs when NMDA receptor function alone is affected by maternal consumption of more moderate quantities of ethanol.
Spaceborne remote sensing of the world’s protected areas

There has been a rapid evolution of satellites, sensors, and techniques to measure, monitor, and manage terrestrial protected areas. There are over 100,000 protected areas around the world and most lack important information on the status and trends of natural resource issues. We review advances and limitations in spaceborne remote sensing that can be applied to all terrestrial protected areas around the world. There have been significant advances in baseline vegetation mapping and land cover classifications by combining field data, data from multiple sensors, and classification techniques. However, global classifications on the extent of non-forest vegetation types (e.g. grasslands and shrublands) are still needed at 30 m pixel resolution. High spatial (< 1 m) and spectral (220 bands) resolution sensors have provided important data on environmental issues (e.g. invasive species, degradation) that are region or site specific. Advances in monitoring protected areas have primarily focused on forest ecosyste...
Velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in n-GaAs at low temperatures

Abstract Measurements of velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in n-type GaAs have been made between 4.2 and 240 K. They are interpreted in terms of available theory dealing with sound propagation in piezoelectric semiconductors. We find the piezoelectric constant e 14 = 0.16 C m 2 .
Electrocardiographic Changes in Acute Subendocardial Infarction I. Large Subendocardial and Large Nontransmural Infarcts

Among 24 cases of small subendocardial infarctions included in this report are 10 cases of anteroseptal distribution in which the electrocardiogram was characterized by the presence of deeply inverted T waves in some or all of the precordial leads. Two other types of change encountered among the remaining 14 cases are described. Electrocardiographic changes in this group of 24 cases are compared with changes encountered in 5 cases of large and near circumferential acute subendocardial infarction described in part I of this study.
Optical characteristics of high-power nonplanar periodic laser arrays

The authors describe nonplanar arrays, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, that consist of a periodic array of mesas and grooves, which provides index guiding and prevents lateral lasing. The near- and far-field patterns are shown to be a strong function of the laser structure, particularly of the confining layer composition and effective index step. The near-field pattern determined by the structure affects the external differential quantum efficiency of these arrays relative to similar planar active region devices. Laser emission was generally confined to the mesa regions. A simple model is used as an aid to explain the observed near- and far-field patterns and to identify the mechanisms which confine the optical field to the mesa or groove region. >
Natural vibration of unsymmetric cross-ply laminates

Abstract This study considers the linear vibration characteristics of square [ 0 n / 90 n ] T laminates relative to their room-temperature static equilibrium configurations. A Rayleigh–Ritz approach combined with Hamilton's principle is used to provide approximate solutions to this vibration problem. The vibration mode shapes are assumed to have the same spatial dependence as used in past investigations to study the room-temperature configurations of these laminates, and are thus assumed to be perturbations on the static equilibrium configurations. Hamilton's principle then results in the so-called zero- and first-order equations. The zero-order equations lead to the classic static equilibrium results of past investigations, presented here in nondimensional form with analytical solutions at the bifurcation point. The first-order equations, combined with zero-order results, lead to the vibration characteristics for each zero-order static configuration. Interest centers on the lowest natural frequency and the associated mode shape for laminates clamped at their midpoints, with special attention as to how these vibration characteristics depend on the laminate side-length-to-thickness ratio. With an imaginary-valued frequency, the static saddle configuration for side-length-to-thickness ratios larger than the critical value is correctly assessed as unstable. A finite element model is also used to study the vibration characteristics and to compare with the findings for the developed analysis. The qualitative comparisons between the developed analysis and the finite element model are generally good, and the quantitative comparisons are also satisfactory.
Integrating rapid prototyping into the engineering curriculum ‐ a case study

The emerging rapid prototyping technologies are having a dramatic impact on the engineering design process. When properly integrated, these technologies enable aggressive prototyping throughout the design process and reduce the likelihood of expensive design changes late in the product life cycle. Unfortunately, few engineering students get to experience first‐hand the power of rapid prototyping. Reports on an ongoing experimental introduction of physical rapid prototyping technologies into the engineering curriculum at Virginia Tech. The experiments include a senior technical elective approved for graduate credit dedicated to rapid prototyping, a pilot programme within Engineering Fundamentals, and the use of rapid prototyping equipment in Mechanical Engineering Senior Design.
Sintering behavior of a reactively bonded thick film gold ink

The sintering behavior of thick film reactively bonded Au films was studied using electrical re-sistance measurement and scanning electron microscopy. Isothermal firings were conducted at 350‡ to 850‡C for times up to three hours. The sintering process consists of three portions: 1) Burnoff of the binding resin at 350‡ to 450‡C. 2) A second stage involving neck growth between the gold particles with an activation energy of ∼ 15 Kcal/mole and a time exponent of 5.5 to 6.5 corresponding to surface diffusion control and 3) a third stage of densificat ion by pore annihila-tion and grain growth. The activation energy in stage III of 35–45 Kcal/mole agrees closely with bulk diffusion control. Electrical resistance change appears to be a useful method for studying particularly the initial stages of sintering.
Exploring the impact of technology development and adoption for sustainable hydroelectric power and storage technologies in the Pacific Northwest United States

A wide range of literature streams and methods were examined for this research, including sustainability, integrated resource planning, and construction of portfolios of electricity generation technologies. The research then focused on current and emerging HPSTs (hydropower generation and storage technologies), and technical, economic, social, and environmental sustainability objectives associated with those technologies in the PNW (Pacific Northwest) region of the United States. Candidate technologies obtained from the literature were examined using the Delphi Method, and then rated according to their perceived impacts using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). GP (Goal Programming) was then used to determine an optimal mix of technologies to achieve sustainability objectives, using these weightings and assumptions related to specific scenarios regarding technology development, adoption, and availability. This research is important because few previous studies have systematically considered multiple objectives and criteria from multiple stakeholder experts for creating portfolios of sustainable electricity generation technologies. Previous research has also not comprehensively investigated the manner in which changing scenarios of technology development and availability rates may lead to various technological, economic, environmental, and social sustainability impacts with regard to planning of regional electrical generation and storage systems.
Mozamides A and B, cyclic peptides from a theonellid sponge from Mozambique

A sponge of the lithistid family Theonellidae from southern Mozambique contained the known compound aurantoside A (1) together with two new cyclic peptides, mozamides A (2) and B (3). The structures and absolute configurations of mozamides A and B, which contain a rare ureido group, were determined by interpretation of spectral data and chiral GC−MS analysis of the amino acids resulting from acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
(g−2)μ from noncommutative geometry

Abstract This brief Letter demonstrates that effects from a noncommutative spacetime geometry will measurably affect the value of (g−2)μ inferred from the decay of the muon to an electron plus two neutrinos. If the scale of noncommutativity is O (TeV), the alteration of the V–A structure of the lepton–lepton–W vertex is sufficient to shift the inferred value of (g−2)μ to one part in 108. This may account for the recently reported 2.6σ discrepancy between the BNL measurement aexpt=11659202(14)(6)×10−10 and the Standard Model prediction aSM=11659159.6(6.7)×10−10.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of DNA replication origins of the small Bacillus bacteriophages: evolutionary relationships.

Abstract The ends of the small Bacillus phage genomes serve as origins and termini of their DNA replication. We have determined nucleotide sequences at the termini of four different phage DNAs and compared them with those of φ29 DNA which has been described previously. A high degree of homology was found at the extreme ends of DNAs from φ29, φ15 (group A), M2Y and Nf (group B). 17 bp at the far left of the DNAs are identical. A highly conserved dodecanucleotide sequence, CCATTTCCCCAT, was also found in the righthand terminus of all these phage DNAs, at positions 27–38 from the end. Nucleotide sequences of phage GA-1 are not very similar to those of the other phages. Examination of the 5' -terminal and 3 ' -terminal sequences of all the phages suggests that stable ‘panhandle’ structures are unlikely to be formed via base pairing of both ends. However, thermodynamically more stable panhandle structures might be formed by displaced single-stranded DNA, although this requires rather large loops.
Left-colon antegrade continence enema (LACE) procedure for fecal incontinence

Abstract Purpose: Antegrade continence enemas (ACE) are an efficacious therapeutic option for patients with fecal incontinence. The authors review their institution's experience with a variation of the Monti-Malone ACE procedure using the left colon as a source of an intestinal conduit and enema reservoir. Methods: From 2000 to 2002, 18 patients with fecal incontinence or intractable constipation underwent left-colon ACE (LACE) procedure. Concomitant Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy was performed in 15 patients and bladder augmentation in 9. The majority of patients had neural tube defects. A segment of left colon was tubularized, tunneled into the muscular wall of the distal colon, and exteriorized through the left upper quadrant or midabdomen. Stomal catherization and enema installation were started one month postoperatively. Results: Fifteen patients (83%) achieved fecal continence, 2 remain incontinent of stool, and 1 experienced stomal closure (mean follow-up was 24 ± 9 months). Two patients had stomal stenosis that required revision. The mean enema volume in patient's achieving continence was 360 ± 216 mL, and the mean transit time was 18 ± 12 minutes. Conclusions: LACE is an efficacious procedure for fecal incontinence that can be performed safely at the time of major urologic reconstruction. Administration of enemas into the left colon has several physiologic advantages that result in predictable bowel evacuation.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition and quinoline degradation in the presence of aquifer material

Hydrogen peroxide is used as a source of oxygen for enhanced bioremediation of contaminated subsurface environments and as an oxidant in engineered systems. While a number of aspects of hydrogen peroxide chemistry are well understood, the importance and relationship between hydrogen peroxide decomposition and contaminant degradation in the presence of subsurface materials is not clear. We report on batch and column studies examining this relationship using quinoline and a sandy aquifer material. The rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition followed a simple first order relationship, but the loss of quinoline was much more complex than anticipated. The stoichiometric efficiency (i.e. the amount of quinoline degraded for a given loss in hydrogen peroxide) increased dramatically with decreasing concentration of aquifer material. Surface scavenging of reactive intermediates is believed to cause this unexpected behavior. This hypothesis was supported by increased quinoline removal after treatment to remove or inactivate catalytic sites. A model is proposed capable of predicting the extent of quinoline degradation as a function of the aquifer material solids concentration. The findings show that batch and column data for this system and perhaps others involving reactive intermediates must be interpreted with caution. Our results suggest that phosphate addition to retard hydrogen peroxide decomposition could increase contaminant degradation, previously attributed to only biological processes. It may also be possible to enhance chemical degradation in the subsurface and in engineered systems by addition of amendments to modify the surfaces and control reaction pathways.
Autoshaping of abnormal children.

Three experimentally naive abnormal children were exposed to a terminal operant contingency, i.e., reinforcement was delivered only if the children pressed a panel during intervals when it was lighted. Despite the absence of both successive approximation and manual shaping, it was found that each child began to respond discriminatively within a small number of trials. These data replicated previous animal studies concerned with the phenomena of autoshaping and signal-controlled responding. It was also found, however, that one type of autoshaping, the classical conditioning procedure, had a powerful suppressive effect on discriminative responding. An experimental analysis that consisted of a combination of intrasubject reversal and multiple baseline designs established the internal validity of the findings. The finding of rapid acquisiton of signalcontrolled responding obtained with the initial procedure is suggested to have practical significance. The disruptive effects of the classical form of autoshaping are discussed in terms of negative behavioral contrast.
Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Progressive Infundibular Obstruction in Tetralogy of Fallot A Prospective Longitudinal Echocardiographic Study

Background The morphological hallmark of tetralogy of Fallot is controversial, with much disagreement as to whether the subpulmonary infundibulum in this lesion is hypoplastic. In addition, few quantitative data are available regarding the morphometry of the subpulmonary infundibulum, what anatomic characteristics are acquired in the postnatal period, and at what rate they progress. We also sought to determine whether echocardiographic morphometric analysis of the infundibulum can predict clinical course in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. Methods and Results Twenty-one infants with tetralogy of Fallot (median age at initial study, 1.6 months) were prospectively followed with serial echocardiograms until the time of first surgical intervention (median age at surgery, 10 months). Selected video still frames were digitized off-line with a computerized system. Compared with age-matched normal control infants (n=37), the following indexed infundibular dimensions in patients with tetralogy of Fallot were sign...
A CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF MANAGERIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR METHODOLOGY AND POLICY*

The present study uses canonical analysis to examine the contingency model of organizations in the nursing home field. Data on environmental pressures and managerial practices relevant to the decision-making process are analyzed. Results support the theory that managerial practices are contingent on environmental pressures. The implications of these results for health-care decision makers and for future assessments of managerial-environmental relationships are discussed.
Field dependence and extraversion neuroticism on an inpatient psychiatric service.

Compared relationship between field dependence (FD) and the scales of Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E) using paraprofessionals (N = 22), professionals (N = 42) and psychiatric inpatients (N = 35) to elucidate the high FD found among the psychiatric inpatients. Recent evidence contradicts Witkins' (1965) early view that as a group, psychiatric inpatients would show psychopathology at the extremes of the FD continuum. The N scale was chosen because it taps a narrow behavioral band, the individual's vulnerability to break down under stress. The major hypothesis that FD and N would be functionally related was based on previous empirical findings (Cattell, 1955) and Seligman's (1975) theory of “learned helplessness.” Similarly, it was expected that age and sex (i.e., being female) were related functionally to FD. The latter hypotheses were supported. The hypothesis that the profiles of inpatients, professionals and paraprofessionals would throw more light on the high FD found among inpatients was not supported. The relationship between FD and N was discussed in terms of Seligman's (1975) concept of learned helplessness.
Independence of irrelevant alternatives, and solutions to Nash's bargaining problem

Abstract Several variants of the axiom of independence of irrelevant alternatives are considered, in the context of Nash's bargaining problem.
Dramatic Play Therapy with Adult Groups

(1950). Dramatic Play Therapy with Adult Groups. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 225-246.
The Effects of Foreign Investment Upon Political Protest and Violence in Underdeveloped Societies

n recent years, scholarly attention increasingly has centered upon the political implications of the many economic linkages that have evolved rapidly and multiplied since World War II. Keohane and Nye (1977) argue that these linkages have created an interdependent world that structures: (1) the conduct of foreign policy and the exercise of power in international politics, and (2) the domestic political environment and the incidence of local political conflict. A considerable body of empirical research has developed to concentrate upon the first of these problems, with a number of scholars devoting their attention to the constraints that dependence places upon foreign policy behavior.' For example, Armstrong (1981) and Richardson (1978) have examined the relationship between trade linkages and foreign policy conflict, Dolan et al. (1982) and Dolan and Tomlin (1984) have studied the effects of dependence upon relations between dominant and subordinant states, Moon (1983, 1985) has focused upon the effects of foreign aid upon the recipient's behavior toward donor nations, and Rothgeb (1987) has investigated the role played by direct foreign investments in foreign policy making. The issues surrounding how dependence structures domestic politics have been explored less and have not led to much empirical research. This especially has been true of the study of the impact of dependence on domestic political conflict (Snyder 1978; Rogowski 1987). As Zimmermann (1983: 204-205) notes, external linkages "have only begun to gain close attention as predictors of [domestic] political violence and instability." Stohl (1980: 325) and Gurr and Lichbach (1986: 32) con-
The neural effects of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents

Little is known about the neurobiological effects of psychotropic medications used in the treatment of children and adolescents diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. This review provides a synopsis of the literature demonstrating the neural effects associated with exposure to psychotropic medication in youth using multimodal neuroimaging. The article concludes by illustrating how, taken together, these studies suggest that pharmacological interventions during childhood do indeed affect brain structure and function in a detectable manner, and the effects appear to be ameliorative.
PHOSPHOLIPID TRANSFER ACTIVITIES ARE ENRICHED IN CYTOSOLIC FRACTIONS OF FRESHLY ISOLATED TYPE II CELLS (TII) COMPARED WITH WHOLE LUNG. † 2111

The phospholipid (PL) transfer proteins are cytosolic proteins that have been characterized by their ability to facilitate the transfer of PL's between membranes in vitro. In mammalian tissues including lung, 3 transfer proteins with different PL specificities have been identified: 1) phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) specific for PC; 2) phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PI-TP), specific for PI and PC and to lesser extent PG, and 3) nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsL-TP) which transfers all diacylPLs and cholesterol. In lung, a PL-TP specific for PG has been identified. Because recent evidence suggests that these proteins are involved in regulating phospholipid synthesis and membrane lipid composition, we determined by a vesicle-rat lung mitochondria transfer assay the transfer activities in cytosol (cyt) fractions from adult whole lung and TII from fetal, newborn, and adult rat lung freshly isolated by Nycodenz gradient centrifugation. Transfer activities for all PLs were enriched in adult TII cyt compared with whole lung (12.5-fold (PG), 9.2-fold (PI), 6.5-fold (PC) and 6.6-fold (PE)) (p newborn>adult TII. In cyts from cells from different stages, the transfer rate of PG>PI>PC>PE. The relative changes in activities of the PL-TPs during lung development may affect membrane lipid composition and hence, membrane functions. We are currently investigating the role of the PL-TPs in TII PL synthesis. Funded by NIH R29 HL44853.
The site specific variables that correlate with the distribution of the Pacific Golden Chanterelle, Cantharellus formosus

Abstract Cantharellus formosus is one of the most abundantly collected commercial mushrooms in western North America. Despite its importance to commercial harvesting, little information is known about the habitat requirements of C. formosus. The purpose of this study was to identify the environmental factors that correlate with the distribution of the basidiomata of C. formosus. Fifty-five plots (5 m × 5 m) with basidiomata and 60 comparison plots without basidiomata (5 m × 5 m) were established in Sitka spruce stands in Patrick’s Point State Park. Thirty plots with basidiomata and 30 without basidiomata were randomly selected for measurement of all variables. The latter included total percent cover of the following categories: shrubs, forbs, bryophytes and canopy cover. Diameter at breast height (DBH), height of trees, and other factors were also measured including duff depth, exchangeable cations, exchangeable acidity and aluminum, pH, and organic matter. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to determine which environmental variables significantly correlated to the distribution of basidiomata. The Chi-squared test of homogeneity was used to determine if presence of chanterelle basidiomata was related to soil classification characterisitcs. The results indicate that chanterelles are associated with areas with low exchangeable acidity (2.09 ± 0.30 cmol+/kg soil), moderate duff depth (11.01 ± 0.45 cm), and areas with bare humus and needle cover less than 30% (29.05 ± 3.04%). Identification of these variables is important to assist land managers in identifying habitats where C. formosus basidiomata are likely to occur.
Flame retardant finishing of cotton fleece fabric. II. Inorganic phosphorus‐containing compounds

Cotton fleece is not able to meet the federal flammability standard for general apparels (CFR 1610) without flame retardant treatment. Consequently, cotton fleece is not available in the market in spite of high demands. In our previous research, we studied the application of a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer as a flame retardant finishing agent for cotton fleece. In this research, we investigated the use of aluminum hydroxyphosphate (AHP) formed in situ on cotton by the reaction of aluminum sulfate and sodium phosphates to reduce the flammability of cotton fleece. We found that the AHP formed on cotton is effective in reducing the cotton fleece's flammability from “Class 3” to “Class 1.” Elemental analysis of aluminum and phosphorus in the AHP shows that the mole ratio of Al/P changes as the pH value of the sodium phosphates solution changes. The pH of the sodium phosphate solutions also affect the quantity of AHP formed on the cotton fleece. The treated cotton fleece retains “Class 1” flammability after one home laundering or the combination of dry-cleaning and hand washing procedures. The treatment increases the whiteness of the cotton fleece whereas it reduces its bursting strength. The cotton fleece thus treated is also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008