cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
McCune-Albright syndrome with multiple bilateral café au lait spots.

A 7-week-old infant developed hyperpigmented lesions at 5 days of age that gradually progressed to sharply demarcated, medium-brown macules of unusual configuration involving the neck, trunk, buttocks, upper arms, and right upper thigh. A biopsy specimen of a representative lesion showed changes of epidermal melanosis consistent with cafe au lait spot. At age 15 months the patient developed a limp. Roentgenographic evaluation showed widespread, bilateral changes of fibrous dysplasia, most severe in the right pelvis, femur, and tibia. At the present time he has no evidence of precocious puberty or other endocrinopathies. Despite the absence of endocrine abnormalities, these findings are consistent with a diagnosis of McCune-Albright syndrome with extensive bony and cutaneous lesions.
Cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants

Congenital deafness leads to atypical organization of the auditory nervous system. However, the extent to which auditory pathways reorganize during deafness is not well understood. We recorded cortical auditory evoked potentials in normal hearing children and in congenitally deaf children fitted with cochlear implants. High-density EEG and source modeling revealed principal activity from auditory cortex in normal hearing and early implanted children. However, children implanted after a critical period of seven years revealed activity from parietotemporal cortex in response to auditory stimulation, demonstrating reorganized cortical pathways. Reorganization of central auditory pathways is limited by the age at which implantation occurs, and may help explain the benefits and limitations of implantation in congenitally deaf children.
Addressing social and cultural disparities in tobacco use

Disparities in smoking as a function of ethnicity exist, but part of that disparity appears to be mediated by education level. Smoking prevalence differences by ethnicity disappear or decrease substantially when controlling for education level. Nonetheless, ethnicity remains an important consideration when striving to understand the mechanisms associated with smoking, as well as in the development of smoking prevention and treatment programs. In this paper, the complex interrelationships among ethnicity, social class, and smoking are discussed in brief, and a framework for developing a systematic means of addressing social disparities in tobacco use is described.
Frequency of bifurcated muscle fibers in hyperthrophic rat soleus muscle

The total number of bifurcated and nonbifurcated fibers were counted in rat soleus muscles induced to hypertrophy by surgical ablation of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. Sham-operated and normal soleus muscles served as controls. Every muscle fiber within the entire muscle was individually examined and counted with the aid of a dissecting microscope following a 10-12 hour nitric acid digestion of the connective tissue. The results show that the total number of muscle fibers in the hypertrophic soleus did not differ significantly from the control. The frequency of bifurcated fibers observed in the control muscles was significantly greater than has been previously reported, and their frequency in the hypertrophic muscles, although slightly increased, was not significantly different from control values. These data confirm that fiber hypertrophy is not accompanied by hyperplasia, and they further suggest that bifurcated fibers probably play an insignificant role during muscle adaptation to hypertrophy due to their very low frequency.
Dynamical current redistribution and non-Gaussian 1/f noise.

Dynamical current redistribution (DCR) in noisy resistors is discussed. Contrary to a common assumption in many theories and in the interpretation of many experiments, DCR can cause large-amplitude non-Gaussian (NG) noise for statistically independent fluctuators. NG effects are predicted to be large near the percolation threshold and near the metal-insulator transition. We report the first observations of NG noise in semiconductor superlattices and attribute this to DCR. We also show that DCR is the most likely explanation of NG noise in several other systems.
Attitude accessibility, attitude-behavior consistency, and the strength of the object-evaluation association

Abstract Two experiments were conducted in order to examine the accessibility of attitudes from memory as a function of the manner of attitude formation. The findings of the first experiment indicated that subjects could respond more quickly in a response-time task to inquiries about their attitudes when the attitudes were based upon direct behavioral experience with the attitude objects than when they were based upon nonbehavioral experience. It was suggested that, relative to indirect experience, behavioral experience may facilitate the attitude formation process and increase attitude accessibility once the attitude is formed. A second experiment found support for both of these notions. Two additional experiments indicated that repeated association of the attitude object and the attitudinal evaluation enhanced both attitude accessibility and attitude-behavior consistency. It was suggested that the strength of the object-evaluation association is a critical determinant of accessibility, which, in turn, acts as a central factor in the process by which attitudes affect later behavior. It was further suggested that the manner of attitude formation affects attitude-behavior consistency because direct experience produces a stronger object-evaluation association and, hence, a more accessible attitude than does indirect experience.
PHENCYCLIDINE: A Bibliography of Biomedical and Behavioral Research

(1978). PHENCYCLIDINE: A Bibliography of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Rehabilitation Team Disagreement: Guidelines for Resolution

Rehabilitation care is provided by interdisciplinary teams including physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, psychologists, and others. When there is disagreement or miscommunication among team members, progress toward patient goals can be thwarted. This paper will discuss differing models by which teams function, and what happens when a nonphysician member of the team disagrees with the plan of care. An analysis of the ethical issues embedded in two cases will be presented, and suggestions for resolution of team disagreement will be recommended.
Quantification Of Sensitized FRET From Fluorescent GAT1 γ-aminobutyric Acid Transporters Distinguishes Between Subsurface And Plasma Membrane Resident Oligomers And Predicts Function

γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (mGAT1) oligomerization was studied in subcellular regions using pixel-by-pixel analysis of normalized Forster resonance energy transfer (NFRET) images. Nineteen fluorescent mGAT1 protein designs were functionally characterized with non-saturated, linear uptake assays in N2a cells. Some constructs were functionally non-distinguishable from wild-type mGAT1; others oligomerized but did not traffic correctly; and some showed deficits in both assembly and trafficking. For Fluorescent mGAT1s that possess >75% wild-type function, NFRET in the peripheral region of interest (ROI) was ≥ 140% of the value in the perinuclear ROI. NFRET amplitude distributions of pixels from wild-type functioning constructs were best fit to three Gaussians. In the peripheral ROI, the highest-NFRET component comprised ∼30% of all pixels, similar to the percentage of mGAT1 from the acutely recycling pool expected to be inserted into the plasma membrane in the basal state. The high-NFRET component was absent in intracellular or peripheral ROIs of cells expressing fluorescent mGAT1 constructs with ≤65% wild-type function. Thus, pixel-by-pixel analysis of NFRET quantitatively distinguishes between subsurface and membrane-inserted transporter complexes; and mGAT1 exhibits up to three quantifiable oligomerization states. Support: NIH (DA-09121; DA-10509; NS-11756), AHA (postdoctoral fellowship to FJM).
Tsunamis and Barge Canals

Russell’s velocity formula was at the center of the controversy over the existence of the solitary wave; but today the topic is rarely mentioned. It is an immediate corollary of modern bifurcation theory; and it is fundamental to modelling waves in deep water. A tsunami 60 cm high in an ocean 4 km deep is 377 km long, travels with a velocity of 713 km/hr, and carries a transverse energy density of 2 × 109 joules/meter, yet the maximum speed of the surface current is only 2.97 cm/s.
Thermal regrowth of ion-damaged YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconducting thin films

Regrowth of ion-damaged YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}}{sub {delta}} thin films on LaAlO{sub 3} was studied using the ion beam channeling technique. The damaged films can be regrown at a temperature as low as 650 {degree}C, and are stable up to 1000 {degree}C. The regrowth process was found to be thermally activated with a single activation energy of 0.46 eV, contrary to two energies found in a previous study on the films on MgO (J. A. Martinez {ital et} {ital al}., Appl. Phys. Lett. {bold 57}, 189 (1990)).
Production of 2-amino-5-phenoxyphenol from 4-nitrobiphenyl ether using nitrobenzene nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45

Microbial metabolism of nitroarenes via o-aminophenols requires the participation of two key enzymes, a nitroreductase and an hydroxylaminobenzene mutase. The broad substrate ranges of the enzymes suggested that they could be used as biocatalysts for the production of substituted o-aminophenols. We have used enzymes from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 for the conversion of 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to the corresponding o-aminophenol. Partially purified nitrobenzene nitroreductase reduced 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to the corresponding 4-hydroxylaminobiphenyl ether. Partially purified hydroxylaminobenzene mutase stoichiometrically converted the intermediate to 2-amino-5-phenoxyphenol. The results indicate that the enzyme system can be applied for the production of o-aminophenols useful as intermediates for synthesis of commercially important materials. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 301–305.
Influences of Community and Organizational Participation, Social Support, and Sense of Community on Psychological Empowerment: Income as Moderator

Empowerment has been theorized as a mechanism by which people and groups can gain greater control over their own affairs. Previous studies have found psychological empowerment to be linked with other positive indicators of well-being in different contexts and populations. Understanding the personal experiences and features of community and organizational contexts that can promote psychological empowerment has therefore emerged as a focus for applied community research. The current study examines community and organizational participation, sense of community, and perceptions of organizational social support as predictors of psychological empowerment in a sample of 1,322 adult participants in local community organizations. Structural equation modeling is used to test for mediation effects, as well as moderation effects of socioeconomic status. Results demonstrate that community organizations play important mediating roles in empowering processes and that these processes likely differ among groups according to income.
Changes in Spinal Height Following Sustained Lumbar Flexion and Extension Postures: A Clinical Measure of Intervertebral Disc Hydration Using Stadiometry

Abstract Background Decreased intervertebral disc height can result in diminished load carrying capacity of the spinal segment. Clinical means of assessing postures able to rehydrate the discs were investigated. Objective The purposes of this study were 3-fold: (1) to determine if our test protocol using a commercially available stadiometer demonstrated findings consistent with prior laboratory-based protocols; (2) to determine if hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position caused increased spine height after sustained loading; and (3) to compare the effects of hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position on spine height changes after a period of sustained loading. Methods This study used a pretest, posttest crossover design. Ten women and 11 men (mean age, 24 ± 2.6 years) participated. Subjects held either 10 minutes of hyperextension in the prone position or 10 minutes of trunk flexion in the supine position in the recovery phase. Spine height was measured using a commercially available stadiometer. Spinal height change was determined from measurements taken after loaded sitting and measurements taken after hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position. Results A 1-sample t test indicated no significant difference existed between our mean height change after 5 minutes of sitting and previously published validated findings. A paired t test indicated significant increase in height after both supine flexion and prone extension lying (P Conclusion The stadiometer measurement protocol demonstrated that hyperextension in the prone position and trunk flexion in the supine position were easily effective positions for the temporary recovery of spine height after sustained loading. These findings lay the foundation for future research into the viscoelastic creep properties of the intervertebral disk under loading and therapeutic conditions.
An Exon Splice Enhancer Mutation Causes Autosomal Dominant GH Deficiency

Familial isolated GH deficiency type II (IGHD II) is caused, in some cases, by heterogeneous IVS3 mutations that affect GH mRNA splicing. We report here our finding an A→G transition of the fifth base of exon 3 (E3+ 5 A→G) in affected individuals from an IGHD II family. This mutation disrupts a (GAA)n exon splice enhancer (ESE) motif immediately following the weak IVS2 3′ splice site. The mutation also destroys an MboII site used to demonstrate heterozygosity in all affected family members. To determine the effect of ESE mutations on GH mRNA processing, GH3 cells were transfected with expression constructs containing the normal ESE, +5 A→G, or other ESE mutations, and cDNAs derived from the resulting GH mRNAs were sequenced. All ESE mutations studied reduced activation of the IVS2 3′ splice site and caused either partial E3 skipping, due to activation of an E3+ 45 cryptic 3′ splice site, or complete E3 skipping. Partial or complete E3 skipping led to loss of the codons for amino acids 32–46 or 32–71, resp...
Studies on the Value of Hulless Barley in Chick Diets and Means of Increasing This Value

Abstract THE nutritional value of barley has long been recognized to be below that of corn for poultry. Generally the hull of the barley has been considered to be the main factor responsible for this lower value. The hull contains a high level of undigestible fiber. Through the efforts of agronomists at this station, a new variety of barley has been developed which loses its hull during the normal harvesting operations and showed promise of producing higher yields than the older varieties of hulless barley. Its appearance is much like that of wheat. The following values are typical of those obtained by chemical analysis of the hulless barley: ether extract, 1.5%; crude fiber, 2.2%; ash, 1.9%; protein (N × 6.25) 11.7%; calcium, 0.07%; and phosphorus, 0.4%. It was expected that the new hulless barley would be equal to wheat as a feed for poultry. A limited amount of hulless barley was…
RGS3 controls T lymphocyte migration in a model of Th2-mediated airway inflammation

T cell migration toward sites of antigen exposure is mediated by G protein signaling and is a key function in the development of immune responses. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins m...
Posterior cortical dementia: lost but not forgetting.

As we approach the centennial of Alois Alzheimer’s seminal contributions to neurology, our patients remind us that we often lose track of his important observations. Alzheimer described a diverse syndrome with a prominent memory disorder and a variety of cortical findings. In this issue of Neurology , Renner et al.1 and Tang-Wai et al.2 shed new light on the syndrome of posterior cortical dementia, first described in the 1980s as a visuospatial harbinger of Alzheimer disease (AD).3,4⇓ Both groups report a syndrome of posterior cortical deficits in patients who are somewhat younger than most demented persons. Renner et al. describe 27 patients (mean age 66 years) who presented with visuospatial signs and symptoms that were at least as prominent as memory impairment. The most common visuospatial disturbances included elements of Balint’s syndrome (ocular apraxia, optic ataxia, simultagnosia) and Gerstmann’s syndrome (acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia, right-left confusion). Posterior cortical neighborhood findings included language impairments, especially subtle non-fluency, and apraxia, especially of the ideomotor variety. Tang-Wai et al. describe 40 patients (mean age = 60) who presented with elements of Balint’s syndrome, especially simultagnosia, or of Gerstmann’s syndrome, especially acalculia. Visual field defects were common, as were ideomotor apraxia and anomia. Notably, memory and insight …
A continuum model of motility in ameboid cells

A continuum model of cell motility in ameboid cells based on a viscoelastic description of the cytoplasm and active stress generation controlled by extracellular signals is developed and analyzed. The characteristics of locomotion depend on the specific active stress, elastic and viscous properties of the cytoplasm as well as on the strength of cell-substrate interactions. A one-dimensional version of the model is applied to describe the motion of a fibroblast. The force balance equation for the cell is solved together with reaction diffusion equations describing the dynamics of proteins essential for cell locomotion. The cell deformation is calculated, and the deformation patterns observed experimentally are reproduced by the model. The cell velocity as a function of cell-substrate interaction is also computed for various cell characteristics such as the active stress generated, the cell elasticity and the coupling between cell-substrate interaction and the ability of the cell to contract.
Spin systems on graphs with complex edge functions and specified degree regularities

Let k ≥ 1 be an integer and h = [h(00) h(01) h(10) h(11)], where h(01) = h(10), be a complex-valued (symmetric) function h on domain {0, 1}. We introduce a new technique, called a syzygy, and prove a dichotomy theorem for the following class of problems, specified by k and h: Given an arbitrary k-regular graph G = (V, E), where each edge is attached the function h, compute Z(G) =Σσ:V →{0,1} Π{u,v}∈E h(σ(u), σ(v)). Z(ċ) is known as the partition function of the spin system, also known as graph homomorphisms on domain size two, and is a special case of Holant problems. The dichotomy theorem gives a complete classification of the computational complexity of this problem, depending on k and h. The dependence on k and h is explicit. We also extend this classification to graphs with deg(v), for all v ∈ V, belonging to a specified set of degrees.
Ultrasound measurement of proximal phalanges in a normal Polish female population.

In this cross-sectional study 954 Polish healthy women aged 30–80 years were evaluated (mean age 50.8 ± 8.9 years). Among them were 460 premenopausal (mean age 44.4 ± 5.5 years) and 494 postmenopausal women (mean age 56.8 ± 7.2 years). Women suffering from diseases known to affect bone metabolism and/or treated with drugs that affect bone tissue were excluded. All women were volunteers from six towns in the south of Poland, who underwent bone measurements for screening purposes. Bone status was assessed using an ultrasound device (DBM Sonic 1200, Igea, Italy) that measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) in metres per second. Phalanges (II–V) of the non-dominant hand were measured and an average value was computed. In vivo short-term precision was 0.49% for intraobserver, and 0.42% for interobserver measurements. Mean AD-SoS values were: in the whole group, 1974.6 ± 90.7 m/s; in premenopausal women, 2032.1 ± 50.0 m/s; and in postmenopausal women, 1921.0 ± 87.3 m/s (p <0.0001). The mean decrease in AD-SoS value in the studied population was 6.1 m/s per year. Simple linear regression analysis showed significant, negative correlations between age and AD-SoS: in the whole group r=– 0.70 (p <0.0001); in pre- and postmenopausal women, r=– 0.29 (p <0.0001) and r=– 0.58 (p <0.0001), respectively. Years since menopause (YSM) showed a significant influence on AD-SoS: linear correlation in the whole group resulted in a value of r=– 0.59 (p <0.0001) and in the group of postmenopausal women in a value of r=– 0.57 (p <0.0001). AD-SoS decreased in the first 8 YSM by 5.1% (0.63%/year) and in the next 15 YSM by 5.44% (0.36%/year). In postmenopausal women mean AD-SoS was regressed simultaneously on age and YSM, resulting in AD-SoS = 2181.0 – 4.031 6 Age – 3.911 6 YSM. In conclusion, ultrasound measurements of proximal phalanges were found to enable detection of age- and YSM-related skeletal changes in a Polish healthy female population. Results obtained in this study showed a premenopausal decrease in the ultrasound parameter (not observed by other authors) and an AD-SoS value lower than those in French, Italian and Spanish populations. The premenopausal decline in AD-SoS, the most important observation, requires further longitudinal investigations to determine factors affecting the skeleton before menopause.
Glucocorticoid effects on memory function over the human life span

Glucocorticoids (GCs), produced by the stress-responsive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, are well recognized for their regulatory role in peripheral metabolism. GCs are also known to regulate various brain functions, with well-described effects on human cognition. Increased GC exposure in humans—including exposure to the endogenous GC, cortisol—at levels associated with stress, decreases memory and learning function. These results extend evidence from in vitro studies of synaptic and cell function and evidence from animals indicating the GCs can regulate substrates of memory function. While considerable evidence details these effects in adult humans and animals, relatively less is know about the effect of GCs on cognitive function in children and older adults. Investigators have suggested that children, particularly preschool-aged children, may be vulnerable to adverse consequences of increased GC secretion resulting from stress and neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Adverse GC effects on memory substrates and memory function in the adult have also fostered concern that age-related changes, including changes in GC receptors and changes in circulating cortisol levels, could lead to age-related increases in the adverse effect of GCs on brain function. Investigators have reported an association between age-related increases in cortisol levels and age-related memory decline, but this association may or may not be due to a direct effect of cortisol on memory substrates. A number of possible treatment approaches to prevent or remediate adverse GC-induced effects are under development. In general, the use of safe and effective agents for blocking adverse GC effects on brain functions including memory may offer benefits to individuals suffering acute and chronic stressors and could prevent brain changes relevant to stress, aging, and stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases.
A sustained release gel formulation of doramectin for control of lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on cattle.

A gel formulation formed by incorporating technical doramectin into a 10% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution was used to subcutaneously inject steers at varying dosages. Doramectin serum concentration of steers receiving 600 μg (AI)/kg body weight declined from 21.9 ppb at 0.5 wk to below detectable at 8 wk postinjection. The 1,200 μg (AI)/kg injection resulted in serum concentrations of 29.1 ppb at 0.5 wk and declined to 0.5 ppb at 8 wk postinjection. Both the 600 and 1,200 μg (AI)/kg injections provided 100% inhibition of index of fecundity (IF) in adult lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum L. (Acari: Ixodidae) through week 8, after which inhibition declined to 79.4 and 45.3%, respectively, during the 12th week posttreatment. For steers treated at 600 μg (AI)/kg, mortality of adult horn flies, Hematobia irritans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), declined from 16.9% during week 2 to 3.1% during week 7 postinjection. The blood from steers treated at 1,200 μg (AI)/kg resulted in a similar decline in mortality of blood fed adult horn flies from 29.4% during week 1 to 4.0% during week 7. The 600 μg (AI)/kg treatment provided complete control of larval horn flies in the manure for 9 wk, whereas the 1,200 μg (AI)/kg injection gave complete control for 14 wk posttreatment. The doramectin gel formulation provided long-lasting delivery of doramectin to cattle and extended control of lone star ticks and larval horn flies. Such a simple and inexpensive formulation could be useful in tick eradication programs by reducing the frequency of gathering cattle.
First π-linker featuring mercapto and isocyano anchoring groups within the same molecule: Synthesis, heterobimetallic complexation and self-assembly on Au(111).

Mercapto (–SH) and isocyano (–NC) terminated conducting π-linkers are often employed in the ever-growing quest for organoelectronic materials. While such systems typically involve symmetric dimercapto or diisocyano anchoring of the organic bridge, this article introduces the chemistry of a linear azulenic π-linker equipped with one mercapto and one isocyano terminus. The 2-isocyano-6-mercaptoazulene platform was efficiently accessed from 2-amino-6-bromo-1,3-diethoxycarbonylazulene in four steps. The 2-NC end of this 2,6-azulenic motif was anchrored to the [Cr(CO)5] fragment prior to formation of its 6-SH terminus. Metalation of the 6-SH end of [(OC)5Cr(η1-2-isocyano-1,3-diethoxycarbonyl-6-mercaptoazulene)] (7) with Ph3PAuCl, under basic conditions, afforded X-ray structurally characterized heterobimetallic Cr0/AuI ensemble [(OC)5Cr(μ-η1:η1-2-isocyano-1,3-diethoxycarbonyl-6-azulenylthiolate)AuPPh3] (8). Analysis of the 13C NMR chemical shifts for the [(NC)Cr(CO)5] core in a series of the related complexes [(OC)5Cr(2-isocyano-6-X-1,3-diethoxy-carbonylazulene)] (X = –NC, Br, H, SH, SCH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, SAuPPh3) unveiled remarkably consistent inverse-linear correlations δ(13COtrans) vs. δ(13CN) and δ(13COcis) vs. δ(13CN) that appear to hold well beyond the above 2-isocyanoazulenic series to include complexes [(OC)5Cr(CNR)] containing strongly electron-withdrawing substituents R, such as CF3, CFClCF2Cl, C2F3, and C6F5. In addition to functioning as a sensitive 13C NMR handle, the essentially C4v-symmetric [(–NC)Cr(CO)5] moiety proved to be an informative, remote, νNC/νCO infrared reporter in probing chemisorption of 7 on the Au(111) surface.
The Day of the Week Effect in Real Estate Investment Trusts

Executive Summary. This study examines the behavior of real estate investment trust (REIT) returns surrounding the weekend. The results for equity REITs show that similar to equity securities, retu...
Archaeology, aviation, and the topographical projection of ‘Paradoxical Modernism’ in 1940s South Africa

At the time of his premature death in 1942, Rex Martienssen, the gifted South African architect who had helped make Johannesburg an outpost of modernism, had just completed a seminal PhD thesis on Greek space, and was documenting the layout of remote African settlements in South Africa's highlands. Martienssen's writings suggest that the link between these disjunct projects was topographical thinking, a form of architectural seeing and thinking that ontologically articulates time, place and culture. His research project was informed by the white colonial national intellectual search for an alternative to the racialised imaginary geography being promoted by white nationalism in the 1930s, a paradoxical modernity that would be progressive and cosmopolitan, yet also respected a timeless order threatened by European modernity. This re-envisioning of the 'place' of Western culture in Africa was encouraged by two seemingly-unrelated engagements with the sub-continent's terrain: archaeology and commercial aviation. Both practices came into their own in Southern Africa during this period, deploying Western technique and rationality in ways that constructed a vision of the subcontinent that unsettled the territorial limits and historical narratives of the post-colony, and inaugurated perceptions of the African landscape as modern and transcultural, yet situated in the Hegelian geographical movement of history. This made it possible to imagine, for the first time, that the topographical organisation of indigenous settlements might yield a spatial logic for new urban areas. A key figure in understanding this multiscalar geo-historical subjectivity was Le Corbusier, who had close ties with Martienssen and what he called le Groupe Transvaal. Le Corbusier's global journeys during the 1930s had made him increasingly interested in the anthropo-geographic traces left by the 'natural order of things' in human environments, and the possibility of a neo-syndicalist world order based on geo-political regions that were latitudinally complementary.
Problems of n-type Diamond Doping. Forced Methods of Doping

The experimental and theoretical results on would-be donor impurities in diamond lattice: N, P, Li, and Na, are reviewed. New methods of forced diffusion and ion assisted doping during growth are discussed. Experimental data on n-type conductivity obtained by forced diffusion into the diamond CVD films are also presented.
Acute leukemia in children: time spent in hospitalization.

Since 1958 the Hematology and Oncology Section of the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, has participated in the studies of the Southwest Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group. From the beginning it was intended that this section would maintain an emphasis on ambulatory care for children with neoplastic diseases and would develop a close liaison with the practicing physician. The general purpose was to supplement the care given by the local physician rather than to assume total management of the patient. The key to the success of any such program, where virtually all patients are referred and are registered on research protocols, is to maintain close communication with the family physician at all times.
Bisphenol A and Related Alkylphenols Exert Nongenomic Estrogenic Actions Through a G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (Gper)/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Egfr) Pathway to Inhibit Meiotic Maturation of Zebrafish Oocytes

Xenobiotic estrogens, such as bisphenol A (BPA), disrupt a wide variety of genomic estrogen actions, but their nongenomic estrogen actions remain poorly understood. We investigated nongenomic estrogenic effects of low concentrations of BPA and three related alkylphenols on the inhibition of zebrafish oocye maturation (OM) mediated through a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (Gper)-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) pathway. BPA (10-100 nM) treatment for 3 h mimicked the effects of estradiol-17beta (E2) and EGF, decreasing spontaneous maturation of defolliculated zebrafish oocytes, an effect not blocked by coincubation with actinomycin D, but blocked by coincubation with a Gper antibody. BPA displayed relatively high binding affinity (15.8% that of E2) for recombinant zebrafish Gper. The inhibitory effects of BPA were attenuated by inhibition of upstream regulators of Egfr, intracellular tyrosine kinase (Src) with PP2, and matrix metalloproteinase with ilomastat. Treatment with an inhibitor of Egfr transactivation, AG1478, and an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 3/1 pathway, U0126, increased spontaneous OM and blocked the inhibitory effects of BPA, E2, and the selective GPER agonist, G-1. Western blot analysis showed that BPA (10-200 nM) mimicked the stimulatory effects of E2 and EGF on Mapk3/1 phosphorylation. Tetrabromobisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and tetrachlorobisphenol A (5-100 nM) also inhibited OM, an effect blocked by cotreatment with AG1478, as well as with the GPER antagonist, G-15, and displayed similar binding affinities as BPA to zebrafish Gper. The results suggest that BPA and related alkylphenols disrupt zebrafish OM by a novel nongenomic estrogenic mechanism involving activation of the Gper/Egfr/Mapk3/1 pathway.
Rising Mortality Associated With Hepatitis C Virus in the United States, 2003–2013

In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated mor- tality is increasing. From 2003-2013, the number of deaths as- sociated with HCV has now surpassed 60 other nationally notifiable infectious conditions combined. The increasing HCV-associated mortality trend underscores the urgency in finding, evaluating, and treating HCV-infected persons. Keywords. hepatitis C; mortality trends; death certificates; causes of death. Despite enthusiasm for the new curative, brief (12-week), all- oral antiviral treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the continued health burden (1)and increased mortality (2) for HCV-infected patients in the United States remain underappre- ciated. We examined national multiple-cause-of-death (MCOD) data from 2003 to 2013 to provide more current estimates of trends in hepatitis C-related mortality in the United States and compared these with trends in deaths associated with 60 other nationally notifiable infectious conditions (ONNICs) that are routinelyreported totheCentersfor Disease Controland Preven- tion (CDC). METHODS Death certificate information from the public-use MCOD data, obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, was ex- amined. Mortality codes for 2 disease categories, hepatitis C and ONNICs, as classified by the International Classification of Dis- eases, 10th Revision (ICD-10 )( 3), were examined. Deaths asso- ciated with hepatitis C were defined as having the ICD-10 codes B17.1 and B18.2 listed in the "record axis" MCOD fields. Deaths associated with ONNICs (4) were defined as having any of the ICD-10 codes associated with 60 conditions (see Supplementary Appendix) recorded in the "record axis" MCOD fields. To en- sure mutual exclusivity between the 2 disease categories, any ONNIC-related death that also had a listing of hepatitis C
Edge Focusing

Beam transport matrix elements describing the linearly falling fringe field of a combined function bending magnet are expanded in powers of the fringe field length by iteratively solving the integral form of Hill's equation. The method is applicable to any linear optical element with variable focusing strength along the reference orbit. Results for the vertical and horizontal focal lengths agree with previous calculations for a zero gradient magnet and an added correction to the dispersion is found for this case. A correction to the fringe field gradient peculiar to a combined-function magnet with strong edge focusing is also found. The influence of edge focusing on the tunes and chromaticities of the NSLS rings is described. The improved chromaticity calculation for the booster was of particular interest since this ring has bending magnets with poletips shaped to achieve small positive chromaticities.
A vector unsymmetric eigenequation solver for nonlinear flutter analysis on high-performance computers

A finite element approach is presented for determining the nonlinear flutter characteristics of composite panels using unsteady, third-order piston theory aerodynamics. Both nonlinear structural (large-amplitude) and nonlinear aerodynamics terms are considered in the finite element formulation. Solution procedures are presented to solve the nonlinear panel flutter and the large-amplitude free vibration finite element equations. Nonlinear aerodynamic and linear structural finite element flutter results for composite panels are also presented. An efficient, vector-version generalized unsymmetric eigenequation solver is developed for large-amplitude vibration and nonlinear panel flutter analyses on high-performance computers.
Optimization Approach to Ultrawideband Spectrum design via Optical Pulse Shaping

We report radio-frequency spectrum design by using Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. This optimization scheme calculates the temporal waveforms associated with the target spectral shapes, which are implemented by synthesizing these waveforms via our optical pulse shaping technique.
A Proxemics and Gateway Theory-Based Typology of Sexual Harassment Severity Perceptions

We develop a proxemics and gateway theory-based typology of SH severity perceptions in organizations. The typology postulates that SH severity perceptions vary along two dimensions: physical invasi...
Experience of Treating 45 Cases of Tuberculosis Combined with Pneumoconiosis

[Objective] To explore the therapeutic efficacy for pulmonary tuberculosis combined with pneumoconiosis and simple pulmonary tuberculosis. [Methods] 2064 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into two groups, namely, the pneumoconiosis group with 45 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis combined with pneumoconiosis and the rest 2019 cases in the control group; the therapeutic efficacy was contrasted between the two groups. [Results] After two to three months' treatment, the sputum negative rate of the pneumoconiosis group was lower than that of the control (P0.05); the absorption progressive rate of the chest X-ray of the pneumoconiosis group (82.22%) was also lower than that of the control (90.83%) (P0.05); the period of treatment of the pneumoconiosis group was longer than that of the control, the difference was significant (P0.05). [Conclusion] It is more difficult to treat pulmonary tuberculosis combined with pneumoconiosis than to treat simple pulmonary tuberculosis; the period of treatment should be prolonged and medicine should be added in the treatment.
Pathologic findings in explanted clinical bioprosthetic valves fabricated from photooxidized bovine pericardium.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aim was to assess tissue quality and host-biomaterial interactions in clinical bioprostheses fabricated from bovine pericardium preserved by dye-mediated photooxidation, but not glutaraldehyde-pretreated. METHODS Ten aortic valves explanted for regurgitation after 8-23 months' function from 10 patients aged 67-83 years were analyzed by gross and dissecting microscope examination, radiography and light microscopy. RESULTS Each valve had one to several commissural-basal tears (5 mm) to complete leaflet detachment (four valves). The pattern of tearing was consistent among valves and suggested that a mechanism of design-related proximal inflow surface cuspal abrasion against Dacron cloth was contributory. Mild cuspal sagging/stretching was noted in five valves, pannus overgrowth was mild, and there was no evidence of infection or macroscopic thrombus. Microscopically, tissue distant from tears in all valves had an essentially intact but acellular collagenous matrix, was devoid of residual connective tissue cells and host inflammatory cells, with mild fragmentation of the inflow collagen bundles, and showed no evidence of endothelialization. Despite radiographs uniformly negative for mineralization, focal intrinsic cuspal microcalcification was noted histologically in four valves. CONCLUSIONS Design-related and largely abrasion-induced tearing caused failures of this cohort of photooxidized pericardial valves. Nevertheless, this nonglutaraldehyde-preserved photofixed pericardial tissue from valves suffering design-related cuspal tears to two years postoperatively remained without significant degradation, inflammation, infection, thrombus, pannus or calcification.
Erratum to: Thin Film Growth of Germanium Selenides from PECVD of GeCl4 and Dimethyl Selenide

In the online published article, it was neglected to note that the flow rates listed in the Table 1 for the DMSe flow were based on a nitrogen flow controller. The nitrogen to DMSe flow rate conversion factor was not available for the MKS flow controller that was used. A conversion factor of 0.34 from a different flow controller manufacturer was recently found. The actual DMSe flow rate may be approximated by multiplying the table entry by 0.34. Thus for a flow rate of 5 sccm listed in the table for DMSe, the true flow rate is likely close to (0.34) 9 5 sccm = 1.7 sccm.
RNA Processing and Gene Structure

I. INTRODUCTION The emphasis in this chapter is on various aspects of the basic molecular biology of information transfer in Caenorhabditis elegans. Overall, the genes of C. elegans have characteristics that are quite similar to those of other animals. In broad outline, the mechanisms involved in transcription, RNA processing, and translation of messenger RNA are shared with those of other animals. However, some aspects are not shared by the yeast, fly, plant, and vertebrate model organisms. Here, we briefly outline the major features of RNA processing that are shared by all of these systems (for recent reviews, see Moore et al. 1993; Madhani and Guthrie 1994) and then concentrate on aspects that make the C. elegans system especially interesting (for recent reviews, see Nilsen 1993; Blumenthal 1995; Davis 1996). A. The Splicing Process Genes are composed of alternating exons and introns. When these are transcribed to make pre-mRNAs, the intron sequences are removed, and adjacent exon sequences are spliced together. RNA splicing is catalyzed by a large complex of RNAs and proteins called the spliceosome, components of which recognize and cleave the 5′ and 3′ends of each intron and catalyze the joining of the exons. At the 3′ end of the gene, RNA polymerase proceeds past the end of the last exon, but the RNA is cleaved at this point, and the 3′ end of the mRNA is matured by the addition of a poly(A) sequence, which is not represented in the gene. Collectively, these events are known as pre-mRNA...
Osborn waves of hypothermia.

A 38-year-old patient with paranoid schizophrenia presented to our institution from the crisis response centre for unusual behaviour over the last 24 hours. Rectal temperature measured in the emergency department was 28.9°C (84.2°F) with an ECG (figure 1) showing Osborn waves in leads V1–V5 …
Model of Human Fetal Growth in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Reduced Ventricular Growth Due to Decreased Ventricular Filling and Altered Shape.

Introduction: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital condition with an under-developed left ventricle (LV) that provides inadequate systemic blood flow postnatally. The development of HLHS is postulated to be due to altered biomechanical stimuli during gestation. Predicting LV size at birth using mid-gestation fetal echocardiography is a clinical challenge critical to prognostic counseling. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that decreased ventricular filling in utero due to mitral stenosis may reduce LV growth in the fetal heart via mechanical growth signaling. Methods: We developed a novel finite element (FE) model of the human fetal heart in which cardiac myocyte growth rates are a function of fiber and cross-fiber strains, which is affected by altered ventricular filling, to simulate alterations in LV growth and remodeling. Model results were tested with echocardiogram measurements from normal and HLHS fetal hearts. Results: A strain-based fetal growth model with a normal 22 week ventricular filling (1.04 ml) was able to replicate published measurements of changes between mid-gestation to birth of mean LV end diastolic volume (EDV) (1.1 to 8.3 ml) and dimensions (long-axis 18 to 35mm; short-axis 9 to 18mm) within 15% RMSD error. By decreasing volumetric load (-25%) at mid-gestation in the model, which emulates mitral stenosis in utero, a 65% reduction in LV EDV and a 46% reduction in LV wall volume were predicted at birth, similar to observations in HLHS patients. In retrospective blinded case studies for HLHS, using mid-gestation echocardiographic data, the model predicted a borderline and severe hypoplastic LV, consistent with the patients’ late-gestation data in both cases. Notably the model prediction was validated by testing for changes in LV shape in the model against clinical data for each HLHS case study. Conclusion: Reduced ventricular filling and altered shape may lead to reduced LV growth and a hypoplastic phenotype by reducing myocardial strains that serve as a myocyte growth stimulus. The human fetal growth model presented here may lead to a clinical tool that can help predict LV size and shape at birth based on mid-gestation LV echocardiographic measurements.
Acceleration of the IMplicit–EXplicit nonhydrostatic unified model of the atmosphere on manycore processors:

We present the acceleration of an IMplicit–EXplicit (IMEX) nonhydrostatic atmospheric model on manycore processors such as graphic processing units (GPUs) and Intel’s Many Integrated Core (MIC) arc...
ENGAGEMENT IN MEANINGFUL ACTIVITY AND WELL-BEING, COGNITION, AND MORTALITY IN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA

AbstractPer activity theory, older adults who remain engaged in the world around them experience increased levels of psychological and physical well-being. Activity engagement is particularly important for older adults with dementia, as it has been shown to decrease depressive symptomatology, improve performance of daily activities, improve quality of life, foster positive attitudes toward caregivers, and decrease challenging behaviors. Using data from the second (T1) and third (T2) rounds of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we examined activity engagement as a predictor of well-being, functional independence, cognition, and mortality in participants with dementia through logistic regression models. Engagement at T1 was significantly associated with higher well-being, greater independence of complex daily activities, better cognition, and decreased mortality at T2. Our findings show that meaningful activities may decrease mortality even in the face of chronic health conditions and dementia diagnosis, and can enhance quality of life, well-being, and cognition.
Potential energy savings from high-resolution sensor controls for LED lighting

Abstract LED lighting systems paired with high-resolution sensor systems offer great potential for substantial energy savings via enhanced control options, and have other value-added features. We used modelling and demonstrations in a full-scale office test bed to illustrate this potential. First, we propose that such a system enables much shorter timeout periods for occupancy sensing: the higher density of sensors provides more reliable occupancy detection and LEDs are impervious to lifetime degradation from the consequent increased switching frequency. We used occupancy data measured in real office environments to estimate that a reduction in timeout period from the current code maximum of 20 min to 1 min would yield 26% additional energy savings. Further, we installed 72 LED luminaires in an office test bed with windows; each luminaire featured a co-located motion sensor and light sensor. The localized light sensor enabled daylight harvesting at each fixture to be optimized to local spatial conditions, yielding an extra 35% energy savings compared to a single photosensor controlling all luminaires, and ensuring better delivery of target horizontal illuminance values across the space. Finally, we demonstrated a combination of local occupancy and daylight harvesting features that resulted in 79% energy savings compared to typical prevailing energy code provisions for open-plan offices.