cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low frequency dynamics of Cystathionine beta-synthase

Femtosecond coherence spectroscopy is used to study the low frequency dynamics of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS). CBS is a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent heme enzyme with cysteine and histidine axial ligands that catalyzes the condensation of serine and homocysteine to form cystathionine. Resonance excitation near the maximum of the ferric state Soret band reveals a mode near ∼40 cm−1 (phase ∼pi/2). The phase indicates that the initial non-equilibrium coherent wavepacket for this mode is dominated by a momentum displacement. This is consistent with doming of the ferric five-coordinate species and suggests photolysis of the histidine ligand. When exciting on the red side of the Soret band, a mode near ∼25 cm−1 is observed that exhibits a phase jump of ∼pi for blue-side excitation. This mode may involve the response of an unphotolyzed fraction of hot ferric six-coordinate species, subsequent to ultrafast non-radiative decay. A strong correlation between the “detuned” coherence spectrum (which reveals higher frequencies) and the Raman spectrum is also demonstrated. Normal coordinate structural decomposition of the ferric heme crystal structure predicts strong saddling, doming, and ruffling modes and they are observed in the coherence spectra. The relative intensities of these modes are monitored as a function of pH in order to explore the potential correlation between redox equilibria, pH, and protein-induced heme structural perturbations. The low frequency spectra of ferrous CBS and its NO-bound complex were also obtained, along with the CO rebinding kinetics. The geminate rebinding of CO to CBS was found to be unusually fast and similar to that of CooA.
Muggianu and toop-muggianu interpolations comment on a comment by L. Kaufman (CALPHAD 5, 225 (1981)) On brynestad's paper (CALPHAD, 5, 103 (1981))

Abstract It is shown that the Muggianu interpolation procedure for ternary calculations approximated from binary data has the advantages of the Kohler method without the mathematical difficulty pointed out by Brynestad. It is suggested that the Muggianu interpolation should be used in the kinds of situations where Kohler interpolations have been used, and that Toop interpolations should be replaced by Hillert's second new method for which the name of Toop-Muggianu interpolation can be used. A fourth power polynomial approximation to the Kohler interpolation is also described. The Muggiann, Kohler, and fourth power methods are compared for the Fe-Cr-Ni ternary system, illustrating the problems with the Kohler method.
The recursive generalized predictive feedback control: theory and experiments

The proposed adaptive control algorithm combines the recursive least-squares system identification algorithm and the generalized predictive control (GPC) design algorithm, referred to as recursive generalized predictive control (RGPC.) In the GPC design process, the prediction horizon and control horizon are the constants to be chosen. Two new parameters are defined to describe the effects of the prediction and control horizons and those parameters provide the effective ranges of the horizons. The RGPC algorithm adjusts the control penalty based on the stability of a closed-loop system model. A time-varying algorithm for the control penalty allows to design an aggressive controller. The multi-sampling rate algorithm is added between the system identification and the control design in order to design a higher order controller. The RGPC algorithm is applied to three different systems: a cantilevered beam, a sound enclosure, and an optical jitter suppression testbed.
MRGX Is a Novel Transcriptional Regulator That Exhibits Activation or Repression of the B-myb Promoter in a Cell Type-dependent Manner*

MRGX is a novel transcription factor that is a member of the mortality factor 4 (MORF4)-related gene family. MRG15, a closely related family member, is in a complex with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein Rb and activates the B-myb promoter, which is tightly controlled by Rb/E2F through the E2F binding site. In this study we investigated the effect of MRGX on the B-myb promoter. Interestingly, MRGX repressed the B-myb promoter in EJ cells (human bladder carcinoma cells), which have a functional Rb, but activated B-myb in HeLa cells (human cervical carcinoma cells), which express a lower amount of Rb. This repression and activation was dependent on the helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper regions of the MRGX protein but not the N-terminal region. MRGX interacts with Rb through the helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper regions. Using a treatment of trichostatin A, which is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), we determined that the repression of the B-myb promoter by MRGX in EJ cells was dependent on HDAC activity. We confirmed the association of MRGX with HDAC1 by immunoprecipitation/Western analysis and determined that MRGX complexes had HDAC activity. The data indicate that MRGX can repress or activate the B-myb promoter depending on the cell type studied, suggesting that there may be tissue-specific functions of this protein.
Reproductive growth regulation of apples with mefluidide

Abstract Mefluidide was applied at 5 g l−1 to ‘Empire’ and ‘Miller SturdySpur Delicious’ trees at full bloom (FB) and 15 days after full bloom (FB + 15) in 1985 to evaluate its efficacy as a thinning agent. In a similar experiment, ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ trees were treated with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.02 g l−1 at 7 days after full bloom (FB + 7) or mefluidide at 2.5 and 5.0 g l−1 at FB, FB + 7 and FB + 15. Fruit set was not reduced, but fruit number at harvest and quality were affected by mefluidide treatments. ‘Empire’ and ‘Miller SturdySpur Delicious’ fruit treated with mefluidide had greater flesh firmness than untreated fruit, but did not differ in soluble solids. Mefluidide at 2.5 g l−1 applied FB + 7 to ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’ trees delayed maturity and reduced fruit weight, yield and length/diameter ( L D ) ratios. Fruit treated with mefluidide at FB + 7 and FB + 15 were firmer than untreated controls. Apples treated with NAA also had softer flesh than those treated with mefluidide at FB + 7. NAA-treated trees had greater average fruit weight at harvest and return bloom the following year than mefluidide-treated trees.
Arthroscopic intra-articular biopsy using a suction trap device

Biopsy of the synovium and other intra-articular structures is frequently performed arthroscopically. We describe a technique of arthroscopic biopsy using a suction punch device linked in series with a Lukens tube suction trap. This technique allows for the controlled biopsy of intra-articular pathology, collects material in a tube which is convenient for handling, prevents the loss of biopsy material in the joint or portal tracks, and saves time by limiting the number of instrument passages into the joint.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease

Meaningful prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires prolongation of life to age 90 or 100 free of morbid events. This requires early detection of the CVD phenotypes and effective treatment to slow their progression. We present a strategy for screening and evaluation of the population that should accomplish that goal with potential benefits on both cost and cardiovascular health. Studies to document the effectiveness of this strategy are urgently needed.
Atom optics: Atom interferometry on a chip

Atom-waves interferometers are becoming ever more compact. A new way of coherently splitting atom waves, based on radiofrequency fields, could extend the capabilities of these miniature atom traps.
FPGA-based real-time anisotropic diffusion filtering of 3D ultrasound images

Three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging, especially the emerging real-time version of it, is particularly valuable in medical applications such as echocardiography and surgical navigation. A known problem with ultrasound images is their high level of speckle noise. Anisotropic diffusion filtering has been shown to be effective in enhancing the visual quality of 3D ultrasound images and as preprocessing prior to advanced image processing. However, due to its arithmetic complexity and the sheer size of 3D ultrasound images, it is not possible to perform online, real-time anisotropic diffusion filtering using standard software implementations. We present an FPGA-based architecture that allows performing anisotropic diffusion filtering of 3D images at acquisition rates, thus enabling the use of this filtering technique in real-time applications, such as visualization, registration and volume rendering.
Accretion to magnetized stars through the Rayleigh–Taylor instability: global 3D simulations

We present results of 3D simulations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) instabilities at the accretion disc‐magnetosphere boundary. The instability is Rayleigh‐Taylor, and develops for a fairly broad range of accretion rates and stellar rotation rates and magnetic fields. It manifests itself in the form of tall, thin tongues of plasma that penetrate the magnetosphere in the equatorial plane. The shape and number of the tongues changes with time on the inner disc dynamical time-scale. In contrast with funnel flows, which deposit matter mainly in the polar region, the tongues deposit matter much closer to the stellar equator. The instability appears for relatively small misalignment angles, � � 30 ◦ , between the star’s rotation and magnetic axes, and is associated with higher accretion rates. The hotspots and light curves during accretion through instability are generally much more chaotic than during stable accretion. The unstable state of accretion has possible implications for quasi-periodic oscillations and intermittent pulsations from accreting systems, as well as planet migration.
Bimodal Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference in Symmetric and Asymmetric Optical Systems

We investigate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference in symmetric and asymmetric interferometers, with the input photons prepared in arbitrary first-order spatial modes. We find that Hong-Ou-Mandel interference may occur in conjunction with mode transformation, and between distinguishable inputs.
Reproductive studies of Brahman cattle V. The effect of various dose levels of estradiol-17β upon serum luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized Brahman cows☆☆☆★

Abstract Twelve mature chronically-ovariectomized Brahman cows were randomly assigned to receive three of six different dosages of estradiol-17b (E2) at three different time periods such that at the termination of the trial six animals received each E2 dosage. The E2 was suspended in 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 milligrams. A two week period was maintained between injections. The cows were bled via coccygeal vessel puncture immediately before E2 injection, every 2 hr from 0 to 18 hr, every hr from 18 to 42 hr and every 2 hr from 42 to 48 hr postinjection. Blood was processed to yield serum and stored at −20 Celsius. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was quantitated by validated radioimmunoassay. An LH surge was defined as a sustained elevation of LH at least two standard deviations above the level of LH prior to the rise and was observed in 0 6 , 3 6 , 5 6 , 5 6 , 5 6 , and 6 6 cows administered 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg of E2, respectively. All animals injected with E2 responded with a significant initial decrease (independent of E2 dosage) in LH that persisted from 2 through 12 hr post E2 injection. No significant decrease in LH levels was recorded in animals injected with the corn oil vehicle. The time to the LH surge differed (P .10) between E2 dosages. The elapsed time from E2 injection to the peak LH value differed (P .10) with E2 dosage. The time to the end of the LH surge differed (P .10) between dosages nor did the LH values at the termination of the surge differ (P>.10) from LH concentrations observed at the onset of the LH surge.
Two-component nanopillar arrays grown by Glancing Angle Deposition

Periodic arrays of 160- to 500-nm-wide Si and Cr nanostructures were grown on patterned Si(001) substrates by Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). Initial patterning was achieved by colloidal self-assembly of 500-nm-diameter polystyrene and 160-nm-diameter silica microspheres which form, during drying from suspension, close-packed hexagonal arrays. Si deposition onto a monolayer of 500-nmdiameter spheres from an angle a, with respect to the surface normal, of 72-, yields a regular array of 2-Am-tall and 450-nm-wide nanopillars. Regular arrays of 300-nm-wide Cr nano-half-moon structures are obtained with a=86-. Cr–Si two-component multi-stack nanopillars were grown on 160-nm-diameter nanospheres by successive Cr and Si deposition sequences with continuous rotation of the substrate about the polar axis. The resulting 300-nm-tall pillars have a large distribution in width, ranging from 120 to 170 nm, show height variations, and some randomness in arrangement. This is in strong contrast to nanostructures on 500-nm spheres which perfectly replicate the underlying microsphere array. The transition to a less ordered morphology is attributed to a competitive growth mode which becomes dominant when the pattern period is smaller than the length scales of surface diffusion and column self-shadowing. That is, in the case of 160-nm patterns, competition between neighboring columns causes exacerbated growth of some columns at the cost of others which die out. This competition is delayed for growth on 500-nm-diameter spheres, yielding regular nanostructure arrays. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MEAN EXCITATION POTENTIAL OF LIGHT COMPOUNDS.

The mean excitation potentials $I$ of Al, Si, ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$${\mathrm{H}}_{8}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ were determined to an accuracy of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5% by fitting theoretical range functions to experimental energy-loss data. The $I$ values for the compounds were found to be 7 to 11% larger than the corresponding values calculated for mixtures using Bragg's rule.
THREE DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATIONS FOR POWER SYSTEM CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS VOLTAGE DATA

Contingency analysis (CA) as an inherent function of system security assessment is critical for detecting underlying problems in a power system. More frequent CA computation is required in the deregulated power markets to monitor the state of the system under "what if" situations in view of the fact that the power systems are now operated closer to their limits imposed by the increasing number of power transfers. The traditional EMS display of CA results is a list of violated elements for each contingency examined. Due to the tremendous amount of data computed and the traditional lack of a geographic connection between the violated elements and the contingency elements, interpretation of the contingency results is often time consuming. To aid power system operators with this interpretation, this paper explores several innovative and interactive 3D visualizations of CA voltage violation data. We visualize vulnerability levels of buses and severity information of outages separately and create a three-level visualization for each category. The overall CA results are conveyed at a glance by the top-level visualizations, while more detailed information can be displayed at the user's request.
Hydrocarbon and Perfluorocarbon Gas Sorption in Poly(dimethylsiloxane), Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne), and Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and 2,2-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5- difluoro-1,3-dioxole

Sorption of a series of gases, perfluorocarbon vapors (CF4, C2F6, and C3F8) and their hydrocarbon analogues in poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS], poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PTMSP], and two random copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene [TFE] and 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole [BDD] are reported as a function of penetrant pressure at 35 °C. Sorption isotherms for all penetrants in rubbery PDMS are linear or slightly convex to the pressure axis, while those in the glassy polymers are concave and are well described by the dual mode model. Fluorocarbon sorption levels are lower than sorption levels of their hydrocarbon analogues in the hydrocarbon-based PDMS and PTMSP matrixes, while the reverse is true in the fluorinated TFE/BDD copolymers. Exceptionally low fluorocarbon solubilities in PDMS are ascribed to poor penetrant/polymer energetic interactions.
Crying Out for Rain: The Human, The Holy, and the Earth in the Ritual Fasts of Rabbinic Literature

This article examines the religious significance of rain in Tractate Ta'anit, a 6th century volume of the Babylonian Talmud that addresses fasts in response to drought among rabbinic Jewish communities in late antiquity. Through a close reading of several key narratives within the tractate, this article examines how Tractate Ta'anit incorporates rain symbolism into key rabbinic conceptions of Torah, revelation, and divine compassion. As the tractate crafts rain into a symbol that expresses God's presence and relationship with Israel, it also articulates drought as the essential expression of divine absence. Within the tractate, fasting serves as the quintessential collective response to the physical and spiritual crisis of drought. Fasting practice in Tractate Ta'anit fashions the vulnerable collective body into an instrument particularly suited to cry out for divine answer. By invoking and intensifying the experience of suffering caused by drought, the community uses its communal body to align itself with both a suffering God and a suffering earth, each of which yearn for reconciliation.
“NO”, a conservative water-mass tracer

Abstract A composite property, 9NO 3 + O 2 , is proposed as a conservative water-mass tracer. The coefficient 9 is chosen so that the increase in “NO” resulting from nitrate introduction during respiration just balances the consumption of dissolved oxygen gas. Because of the pronounced difference in the preformed nitrate content of deep water produced at the northern and southern ends of the Atlantic Ocean “NO” provides an independent means of disentangling the degree of mixing of various water types in the deep sea. Evidence based on data obtained during the Atlantic Geosecs program is presented to demonstrate the sensitivity and reliability of this conservative tracer.
Atmospheric teleconnections involving the Southern Ocean

[1] I review the characteristic patterns of low-frequency (interannual and subdecadal) variation in atmospheric circulation over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics and their climatic associations (e.g., temperature, precipitation, winds, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and sea ice conditions) for the Southern Ocean. The considerable spatial and temporal limitations of the observational database have strongly conditioned the pace of our understanding of SH teleconnections, particularly for the Pacific sector, where the tropical El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a dominant influence: an ENSO signal appears in the intensity interannual variations of the Amundsen Sea mean low pressure (ASL), jet streams, and long waves. These variations comprise the so-called Pacific–South America (PSA) teleconnection. Patterns of low-frequency variability in SH circulation that are mostly extratropical in origin, but which can interact with ENSO, are dominated by the zonally symmetric “high-latitude mode” or Antarctic Oscillation (AAO). The AAO involves an alternation of atmospheric mass between middle and high southern latitudes. A zonally asymmetric mode of wave number 1 is represented by an oscillation in pressure/height between Australian and South American sectors, depicted by a “Trans-Polar” circulation index. A significant wave number 2 oscillation in the coupled atmosphere–ocean–ice system or Antarctic circumpolar wave (ACW) has a similar periodicity to ENSO and is strongest in the Pacific–SW Atlantic sectors. Atmospheric teleconnections involving the Southern Ocean, including those to ENSO, show evidence of recent changes, and the climatic implications of these are discussed.
Review of mechanistic analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for mechanistic analysis is briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the mathematical techniques that may be used to derive theoretical impedance functions and to extract kinetic data. The advantages of EIS for kinetic and mechanism analysis include the fact that it is a steady state technique, that it employs small signal analysis, and that it is capable of probing relaxations over a very wide frequency range ( 1 MHz) using readily available instrumentation. EIS also has an enormous advantage over classical transient techniques in that the validity of the data is readily checked using the Kramers-Kronig transforms. The principal disadvantage of the method is that many workers are discouraged by the level of mathematics required to properly analyze impedance data. This has led many researchers to analyze their data in terms of simple equivalent electrical circuits, and hence to ignore the great power of EIS for deriving mechanistic and kinetic information for processes that occur at electrochemical interfaces.
Effects of cerivastatin and parathyroid hormone on the lumbar vertebra of aging male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract Both men and women lose bone at a late age (aging bone loss). The aim of this study was to determine whether cerivastatin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) can prevent aging bone loss in men. Bone loss in aged male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was used as a model for age-related bone loss in men. Nine-month-old male SD rats were divided into six groups: (1) baseline controls (killed at the beginning of the study); (2) age-matched controls; (3) parathyroid hormone (PTH; 80 μg/kg body weight per day for 5 days/week) treated; (4) low-dose cerivastatin (0.2 mg/kg body weight per day) treated; and (5) medium-dose cerivastatin (0.4 mg/kg body weight per day) treated; and (6) high-dose cerivastatin (0.8 mg/kg body weight per day) treated. Groups 2–6 were treated for 23 weeks between the ages of 9 and 15 months and killed at the end of 23 weeks. The fourth lumbar vertebra was analyzed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). It is shown that age-matched controls had decreased cancellous bone mineral content (Cn. BMC) by 19% (p
Contingent negative variation in epilepsy

The contingent negative variation (CNV) is a long-latency event-related potential elicited by paired or associated stimuli. We recorded contingent negative variation in 50 patients with complex partial and secondarily generalized seizures and in 20 neurologically and psychiatrically normal unmedicated controls. CNV was recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz. A 2000 Hz tone was followed after 1.5 s by 1000 microsecond light flash, at which a button press was to be executed. Filter band pass was 0.1–20 Hz, analysis time was 10s and 10 responses were replicated. Patients with complex partial seizures with and without secondary generalization had lower measurements of area under the CNV curve (AUC) than did controls, and CNV amplitude was significantly reduced. Patients with interictal behavioural symptoms had significantly smaller AUC and lower amplitude. No significant difference was found between depressed and non-depressed seizure patients with respect to AUC, but amplitude was significantly lower in depressed patients. Seizure patients with psychosis had significantly lower AUC but did not differ from non-psychotic patients in CNV amplitude. No differences were found between seizure patients with and without personality disorder with respect to CNV AUC or amplitude. Post-imperative negative variation was significantly more common in seizure patients than in controls and among patients with epilepsy, was significantly increased in those with inter-ictal behaviour disturbance generally and psychosis particularly. No specific effect of anticonvulsant monotherapy on AUC or amplitude was identified. These findings suggest that CNV may differ between partial epilepsy patients and controls, and that inter-ictal behaviour disturbance may particularly affect CNV measures. They also agree with previous evidence for a frontal lobe generator for the CNV, and a possible role for central dopaminergic pathways in the production of PINV.
Smoking practices in New York City: the use of a population-based survey to guide policy-making and programming.

To inform New York City’s (NYC’s) tobacco control program, we identified the neighborhoods with the highest smoking rates, estimated the burden of second-band smoke exposure, assessed the early response to state taxation, and examined cessation practices. We used a stratified random design to conduct a digit-dialed telephone survey in 2002 among 9,674 New York City adults. Our main outcome measures included prevalence of cigarette smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, the response of smokers to state tax increases, and cessation practices. Even after controlling for sociodemographic factors (age, racelethnicity, income, education, marital status, employment status, and foreign-born status) smoking rates were highest in Central Harlem and in the South Bronx. Sixteen percent of nonsmokers reported frequent exposure to second-hand smoke at home or in a workplace. Among smokers with a child with asthma, only 33% reported having a no-smoking policy in their homes. More than one fifth of smokers reported reducing the number of cigarettes they smoked in response to the state tax increase. Of current smokers who tried to quit, 65% used no cessation aid. These data were used to inform New York City’s smoke-free legislation, taxation, public education, and a free nicotine patch give-away program. In conclusion, large, local surveys can provide essential data to effectively advocate for, plan, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive tobacco control program.
Mothers of Young Children with Disabilities: Perceived Benefits and Worries about Preschool.

A child's move from early intervention (EI) to special education preschool is considered to be a critical transition point for both the child and family. Family concerns during this process are heightened by changes in service delivery systems. Although much has been written about the transition from EI services, little is known about the parents' perceptions of the early preschool experience. Data from a sample of 105 mothers and their children from the Early Intervention Collaborative Study [Hauser-Cram, P., Warfield, M.E., Shonkoff, J.P., & Krauss, M.W. (2001). Children with disabilities: A longitudinal study of child development and parent well-being. Society for Research in Child Development Monographs, 66, 1–131] were used to analyse mothers' reports on a study-developed measure designed to capture their views of children's preschool experiences immediately following transition. Factor analysis indicated two distinct factors, ‘benefits of school’ and ‘worries about school.’ Each of these factors was...
Analysis of μ-Contact Printed Protein Patterns by SPR Imaging with a LED Light Source

We demonstrate the characterization of μ-contact printed protein patterns and analysis of protein−protein interactions by two-dimensional (2-D) surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). Advancements in SPRi image quality from employing a light emitting diode (LED) as the light source are described. We show that a LED offers an ideal point source that can eliminate interference artifacts and speckles found when using a laser source. The attainable thickness resolution in fixed-angle imaging is comparable to that of a monochromatic source, providing a solid foundation for quantitative analysis with the system. The SPR imaging technique reported here affords sub-nanometer thickness sensitivity and micrometer lateral resolution, allowing for convenient studies of biomolecular interactions and surface morphologies of ultrathin films. Spatially well-defined protein patterns of bacterial toxins were obtained by microcontact printing using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp on a functionalized self-assembled mon...
1011 Employment Characteristics of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Graduates in the Usa: An Additional Workforce for the Health Care of Children

1011 Employment Characteristics of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Graduates in the Usa: An Additional Workforce for the Health Care of Children
Does receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine predict intention to receive novel H1N1 vaccine: Evidence from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults

We analyze data on the intention of U.S. adults to receive novel H1N1 vaccine if available this fall, and studies the relationship between the intention to be vaccinated against novel H1N1 and the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine last year. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 2067) via the Internet between May 26th and June 8th, 2009. Our results imply a vaccination rate for novel H1N1 of 49.6%, which corresponds to roughly 115 million adult vaccinations. Moreover, novel H1N1 vaccination intentions are strongly associated with seasonal influenza vaccinations, suggesting common attitudinal barriers to both vaccines.
ESD Testing of Aluminum and Copper Vertical Parallel plate (VPP) Capacitor Structures

Vertical parallel plate (VPP) capacitor elements are being used in RF components for RF CMOS and RF BiCMOS technologies. ESD robustness evaluation of the VPP capacitor is very important for RF applications when these elements are used on the input pads of RF receiver networks. In this paper, the first ESD measurements of VPP structures are shown for the first time. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the electrical response of the VPP structure for HBM, and transmission line pulse (TLP) waveforms. In addition, new discoveries are disclosed with aluminum and copper vertical parallel plate capacitor elements.
WLC07-6: Distributed Mobility Transparent Broadcast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper we propose a distributed, mobility transparent broadcast (DMTB) protocol to achieve efficient and effective broadcast in mobile ad-hoc networks. The protocol is fully distributed and highly adaptive to node mobility. It does not demand any neighborhood information and incurs little overhead. On one hand, the cross-layer design approach helps achieve effective broadcast with higher efficiency and alleviated interference; on the other hand, the proposed protocol achieves network energy balance by randomly rotating the set of relay nodes in different broadcast events even when the network topology stays unchanged. The protocol's performance is proved to be within a constant of the optimum. Detailed analysis regarding the broadcast interference, node density and protocol overhead is presented. DMTB is not only efficient, but also robust against node failures and scalable with the node density or the network area size.
Tungsten effects on microbial community structure and activity in a soil.

Tungsten, once deposited onto a soil as a result of private, industrial, and military activities, may persist as tungstate anion or, via polymerization, as a variety of poly-tungstate species, each with varying solubility and soil sorption characteristics. In this study, the impact of weathered tungsten on a soil microbial community was measured. Fatty acid analyses indicated that weathered tungsten at ≤2500 mg kg⁻¹ was associated with a significant increase in microbial biomass and that concentrations up to 6500 mg kg⁻¹ did not result in a significant decrease in measured biomass, relative to the control. Analysis of cellular fatty acids also identified significant microbial community shifts between 0 and 325, 1300 and 2600, and 3900 and 6500 mg W kg⁻¹ soil. In general, the positive effect of tungsten on microbial biomass coincided with an increase in Gram-negative bacterial fatty acids, whereas fatty acids indicative of actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria were more abundant at the highest soil tungsten concentrations. The weathered tungsten also inhibited N₂ fixing activity of a free living diazotroph at ≥1300 mg W kg⁻¹ soil. These results indicate that tungsten in soil can alter both the structure and the function of an indigenous soil microbial community.
FUNCTIONALISM IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY1

T HE most vigorous tendency in social anthropology today is that of functionalism. To some the functional approach has seemed a radically new departure which invalidated earlier methods and interests; to others it has appeared a false doctrine, itself invalidated by already established technics. Several factors may be held accountable, however, for the fact that the issue between these antithetical reactions has not been clearly drawn.
The effect of a cool-coating on the thermal effectiveness of exposed exterior ducts

Abstract Rooftop air conditioning units are predominantly used for air conditioning of small- and medium-sized commercial buildings. The majority of these rooftop units are all-air systems, using ducts to deliver conditioned air. One source of inefficiency in the delivery of the conditioned air through the rooftop ducts is thermal losses by conduction heat gains through exposed ducts. Most existing ducts are made from bare metal sheets. The daytime peak surface temperature of a rooftop bare metal sheet duct can be as much as 35–40 K warmer than that ambient air. Using sheet metals that are painted white (in a new installation) or coating the existing exposed ducts (in a retrofit application) lowers the duct surface temperature, reducing the heat conducted into the ducts and hence improving the delivery effectiveness of the duct system. To investigate the effect of increasing the solar reflectance of a duct to reduce conduction heat gains through the duct shell, we measured in three duct systems supply air temperatures at the inlet of the duct and close to the point of delivery into the conditioned space. In one system, coating the ducts with a white paint decreased the average conduction heat gain by about 0.64 MJ/day/m 2 of coated duct surface area, improving the delivery effectiveness by 2%. In the other two systems, the reduction in the conduction heat gain was about 0.34–0.46 MJ/day/m 2 and the delivery effectiveness improved by about 5–10%.
Design and Manufacture of a 20 MVA Superconducting Generator

A 20 MVA superconducting generator has been designed and constructed. Major design issues are discussed in this paper, the chosen solutions are described, and the reasons for their selection are presented. A component-by-component description of the construction process is provided.
Characterization of Putative Human Homologues of the Yeast Chromosome Transmission Fidelity Gene, CHL1

Helicases are components of numerous protein complexes, including those regulating transcription, translation, DNA replication and repair, splicing, and mitotic chromosome transmission. Helicases unwind double-stranded DNA and RNA homo- and hetero-duplexes. The yeast CHL1 helicase has been linked to maintenance of the high fidelity of chromosome transmission during mitosis. Mutations in this gene result in a 200-fold increase in the rate of aberrant chromosome segregation with a concomitant delay in the cell cycle at G2-M, suggesting that CHL1 is required for the maintenance of proper chromosome transmission. Two highly related human cDNA clones encoding proteins which are homologous to the yeast CHL1 gene product have been isolated. Here we show that these two distinct human CHL1-related mRNAs and proteins (hCHLR1 and hCHLR2) are expressed only in proliferating human cell lines. Quiescent normal human fibroblasts stimulated to re-enter the cell cycle by addition of serum begin to express the CHL1-related proteins as the cells enter S phase, concomitant with the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Furthermore, expression of the CHL1-related mRNAs is lost when human K562 cells cease to proliferate and terminally differentiate in response to phorbol ester treatments. Human hCHLR expression is not extinguished during hemin-induced differentiation of the same cell line, which produces erythrocyte-like cells that continue to proliferate. These experiments are consistent with the requirement of this putative helicase during either S or G2-M phase but not G1. In vitro transcribed and translated hCHLR1 protein binds to both single- and double-stranded DNA, supporting the possibility that these proteins are DNA helicases. Finally, affinity-purified hCHLR1 antisera was used to demonstrate the localization of the hCHLR proteins to the nucleolus by indirect immunofluorescence as well as by cell fractionation.
FaultTracer: a change impact and regression fault analysis tool for evolving Java programs

Keeping evolving software fault-free is hard. In our previous work, we proposed FaultTracer, a change impact and regression fault analysis tool for evolving programs. It takes the old and new versions of a program and a regression test suite as inputs, and then identifies affected tests---a subset of tests relevant to the program differences between the two versions and affecting changes---a subset of atomic changes relevant to each affected test. It adapts spectrum-based fault localization techniques and applies them in tandem with an enhanced change impact analysis to identify and rank failure-inducing program edits. We have shown that FaultTracer, compared to existing techniques (e.g., Chianti), achieves improvement in selecting influenced tests, determining suspicious failure-inducing edits, and ranking failure-inducing program edits. In this paper, we show the design, implementation, and demonstration of our FaultTracer approach as a publicly available toolkit for testing and debugging Java programs.
Upfront androgen deprivation therapy with salvage radiation may improve biochemical outcomes in prostate cancer patients with post-prostatectomy rising PSA.

Purpose The addition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to definitive external beam radiation therapy (RT) improves outcomes in higher-risk prostate cancer patients. However, the benefit of ADT with salvage RT in post-prostatectomy patients is not clearly established. Our study compares biochemical outcomes in post-prostatectomy patients who received salvage RT with or without concurrent ADT. Methods and Materials Of nearly 2,000 post-prostatectomy patients, we reviewed the medical records of 191 patients who received salvage RT at the University of Pennsylvania between 1987 and 2007. Follow-up data were obtained by chart review and electronic polling of the institutional laboratory database and Social Security Death Index. Biochemical failure after salvage RT was defined as a prostate-specific antigen of 2.0 ng/mL above the post-RT nadir or the initiation of ADT after completion of salvage RT. Results One hundred twenty-nine patients received salvage RT alone, and 62 patients received combined ADT and salvage RT. Median follow-up was 5.4 years. Patients who received combined ADT and salvage RT were younger, had higher pathologic Gleason scores, and higher rates of seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node involvement, and pelvic nodal irradiation compared with patients who received salvage RT alone. Patients who received combined therapy had improved biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) compared with patients who received RT alone ( p = 0.048). For patients with pathologic Gleason scores ≤7, combined RT and ADT resulted in significantly improved bPFS compared to RT alone ( p = 0.013). Conclusions These results suggest that initiating ADT during salvage RT in the post-prostatectomy setting may improve bPFS compared with salvage RT alone. However, prospective randomized data are necessary to definitively determine whether hormonal manipulation should be used with salvage RT. Furthermore, the optimal nature and duration of ADT and the patient subgroups in which ADT could provide the most benefit remain open questions.
Linoleic acid increases monocyte deformation and adhesion to endothelium.

Abstract Fatty acids have been implicated in having both anti- or pro-inflammatory actions, which may contribute to the progression and severity of atherosclerosis. Linoleic acid has been shown by others to decrease CD18 expression and leukocyte adhesion under static conditions. We investigated the effect of steric acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), and linoleic acid (18:2) on the cortical tension (a measure of cell membrane deformability) and adhesion characteristics of the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells to TNF-α activated HUVEC under fluid flow. Linoleic acid concentrations up to 23 μM decreased cortical tension and increased adhesion frequencies. Increased adhesion was not due to altered cell morphology or adhesion kinetics and occurred despite decreases in receptor expression (CD18 and CD11a). At higher levels of linoleic acid (≥46 μM), cell dissociation constants significantly increased. Results show that decreasing cortical tension increased the probability that contact between MM6 cells and endothelium would produce an adhesive interaction, possibly due to increased deformation of the microvilli and the cell membrane cortex. However, more deformable cells rolled more erratically at low shear rates. The different behavior during initial contact and rolling suggest that adhesion is influenced by two force-dependent mechanisms, deformation of microvilli and a steric barrier. Incubation of MM6 with 23 μM steric or oleic acid did not significantly affect cortical tension. However, cells incubated with steric acid greatly increased their adherence to HUVEC and cells incubated with oleic acid showed no significant effect, indicating factors other than deformability may dominate.
Flexible tardiness bounds for sporadic real-time task systems on multiprocessors

The earliest-deadline-first (EDF) scheduling of a sporadic real-time task system on a multiprocessor may require that the total utilization of the task system, U/sub sum/, not exceed (m + 1)/2 on m processors if every deadline needs to be met. In recent work, we considered the alleviation of this under-utilization for task systems that can tolerate deadline misses by bounded amounts (i.e., bounded tardiness). We showed that if U/sub sum/ /spl les/ m and tasks are not pinned to processors, then the tardiness of each task is bounded under both preemptive and non-preemptive EDF. However, the tardiness bounds derived are applicable to every task in the task system, i.e., any task may incur maximum tardiness. In this paper, we consider supporting tasks whose tolerances to tardiness are less than that known to be possible under EDF. We propose a new scheduling policy, called EDF-hl, which is a variant of EDF, and show that under EDF-hl, any tardiness, including zero tardiness, can be ensured for a limited number of privileged tasks, and that bounded tardiness can be guaranteed to the remaining tasks if their utilizations are restricted. EDF-hl reduces to EDF in the absence of privileged tasks. The tardiness bound that we derive is a function of U/sub sum/, in addition to individual task parameters. Hence, tardiness for all tasks can be lowered by lowering U/sub sum/. A simulation-based evaluation of the tardiness bounds that are possible is provided.
Training Deformable Part Models with Decorrelated Features

In this paper, we show how to train a deformable part model (DPM) fast-typically in less than 20 minutes, or four times faster than the current fastest method-while maintaining high average precision on the PASCAL VOC datasets. At the core of our approach is "latent LDA," a novel generalization of linear discriminant analysis for learning latent variable models. Unlike latent SVM, latent LDA uses efficient closed-form updates and does not require an expensive search for hard negative examples. Our approach also acts as a springboard for a detailed experimental study of DPM training. We isolate and quantify the impact of key training factors for the first time (e.g., How important are discriminative SVM filters? How important is joint parameter estimation? How many negative images are needed for training?). Our findings yield useful insights for researchers working with Markov random fields and part-based models, and have practical implications for speeding up tasks such as model selection.
A Hen with Two Ovaries

Abstract One instance has been recorded of a hen which had two sets of functioning ovaries and oviducts, 1 and it may be important in connection with breeding for increased egg production to be able to distinguish such hens while alive and laying. It is believed that the authors have discovered a method by which these extremely rare individuals can be distinguished, and that hen No. 345 of the West Virginia Experiment Station flock has two sets of generative organs. The proposed method of identification is based upon egg weight and egg shape. It is well known that the shape of the eggs laid by a certain hen is reasonably uniform from day to day. Furthermore, it is known that the relative weight of the eggs laid by a certain hen depends upon the position of the eggs in the cycle, the first egg usually being the heaviest and those following gradually . . .
Design and testing of a three-dimensional acoustical imaging system

The Acoustical Imaging Group of the Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, is developing a real time, high resolution three-dimensional acoustical imaging system for use in the ocean. The system, called Fish TV (FTV) is designed for the observation of macrozooplankton and small fish. The system makes use of a set of eight transmitted fan beams and a set of eight receive beams rotated 90/spl deg/ with respect to the transmit beams. The resulting transmit/receive pairs form a set of 64 2/spl deg/ by 2/spl deg/ beams for an overall ensonified area of 16/spl deg/ by 16/spl deg/. The third dimension, range, is provided by time. The system operates at a center frequency of 330 kHz, with a bandwidth of 30 kHz. An experiment using an artificial target, a 40 /spl mu/sec long transmitted pulse, and minimal data processing indicates that the system tracks targets with accuracy. >
Back-stripped 3D seismic data: A new tool applied to testing sill emplacement models

ABSTRACT It is common practice for geological studies based on interpretation of 3D seismic data to utilize two-way time datasets for convenience. Even depth-imaged or depth-converted 3D datasets have limitations if palaeogeometries are important in understanding the geological process under investigation. In this study I introduce the production of a back-stripped 3D seismic cube to allow examination of restored geometries and depths, which requires time-to-depth conversion and 3D back-stripping. For both processes, either standard functions or more complex models can be utilized as merited. To illustrate the method, I have produced a back-stripped 3D seismic cube across a saucer-shaped igneous intrusion. The sill9s restored original geometry fits recent observational and experimental intrusion models, with some modification. Magma supply appears to have been to a deep off-centre point within the inner sill, 3000 m below palaeosurface, with a possible contribution to a more peripheral feeder system below the inclined sheet, and magma propagation to the outer sill being outwards and upwards. The value of a back-stripped 3D seismic cube is not limited to studies of igneous intrusions, but may have application in many areas of subsurface sedimentary basin studies, such as fluid migration path modelling and evolution of hydrocarbon trap geometries.
The Discrepancy of Boxes in Higher Dimension

We prove that the red--blue discrepancy of the set system formed by n points and n axis-parallel boxes in R d can be as high as n Ω(1) in any dimension d= Ω(log n) . This contrasts with the fixed-dimensional case d=O(1) , where the discrepancy is always polylogarithmic. More generally we show that in any dimension 1 R d . We prove that the number of arithmetic operations is at least Ω(nd+ nlog log n) in any dimension d=O(log n) .