cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roles for ORC in M Phase and S Phase

The origin recognition complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein, functions as the replication initiator in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initiation depends on the assembly of the prereplication complex in late M phase and activation in S phase. One subunit of ORC, Orc5p, was required at G1/S and in early M phase. Asynchronous cells with a temperature-sensitiveorc5-1 allele arrested in early M phase. In contrast, cells that were first synchronized in M phase, shifted to the restrictive temperature, and then released from the block arrested at the G1/S boundary. The G1/S arrest phenotype could not be suppressed by introducing wild-type Orc5p during G1. Although all orc2 and orc5 mutations were recessive in the conventional sense, this dominant phenotype was shared with other orc5 alleles and an orc2 allele. The dominant inhibition to cell-cycle progression exhibited by theorc mutants was restricted to the nucleus, suggesting that chromosomes with mutant ORC complexes were capable of sending a signal that blocked initiation on chromosomes containing functional origins.
Parasequence types in shelfal mudstone strata—Quantitative observations of lithofacies and stacking patterns, and conceptual link to modern depositional regimes

Mudstone strata have a vast variety of physical, biogenic, and chemical attributes at the lamina to bed scale (approximately millimeters to decimeters thick). Our observations of more than 7 km of Paleozoic to Cenozoic mudstones revealed ordered patterns in this variety, i.e., recurrent associations of lithofacies, bedding style, sedimentary structures, and stratal architecture at bedset to parasequence scales (approximately decimeters to meters thick). We quantified characteristics of each association and their stacking patterns in vertical succession and linked them to sets of depositional processes. Most shelf mudstone strata appear to have accumulated in one of three facies association successions (FASs) that can be related to depositional regimes through characteristic modes of sediment transport and accumulation, as well as variations in benthic-energy and oxygen levels. We interpret these three FASs as records of mud accumulation on different portions of continental shelves that were dominated by storm waves, river floods, or tidal currents. Each FAS records a distinct parasequence type. This approach can help fully integrate insights from oceanographic studies into more robust interpretations of the rock record and rock-property maps.
Generator rating of induction motors

BECAUSE the induction generator has many advantages, it is desirable to consider what changes must be made, if any, in order that an induction motor may be operated satisfactorily as a generator. If the speed is driven above synchronism by the same number of revolutions that the machine normally operates below synchronism, the generator will deliver approximately rated current at rated voltage and rated efficiency. The electric power output will equal approximately the rated shaft motor power. The generator power factor will equal approximately the motor power factor times the motor efficiency.
Defect physics and electronic properties of Cu 3 PSe 4 from first principles

The $p$-type semiconductor Cu${}_{3}$PSe${}_{4}$ has recently been established to have a direct band gap of 1.4 eV and an optical absorption spectrum similar to GaAs [Foster et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 181903 (2011)], suggesting a possible application as a solar photovoltaic absorber. Here we calculate the thermodynamic stability, defect energies and concentrations, and several material properties of Cu${}_{3}$PSe${}_{4}$ using a wholly GGA+$U$ method (the generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory with a Hubbard $U$ term included for the Cu-$d$ orbitals). We find that two low energy acceptor defects, the copper vacancy V${}_{\text{Cu}}$ and the phosphorus-on-selenium antisite P${}_{\text{Se}}$, establish the $p$-type behavior and likely prevent any $n$-type doping near thermal equilibrium. The GGA+$U$ defect calculation method is shown to yield more accurate results than the more standard method of applying post-calculation GGA+$U$-based band-gap corrections to strictly GGA defect calculations.
Clinical assessment of medication adherence among HIV-infected children: examination of the Treatment Interview Protocol (TIP).

This paper presents findings of a multi-site study designed to document: (1) caregivers’ regimen knowledge; (2) barriers to adherence; and (3) the relationships between adherence, regimen knowledge and barriers. Fifty-one predominately female, African American parents and caregivers of HIV-infected children completed the Treatment Interview Protocol (TIP), a brief, structured interview designed to assess regimen knowledge and barriers to adherence. TIP data were compared to information obtained from medical records and pharmacy refill histories. Forty-nine per cent of children were considered adherent, defined as ≥90% refill rate, which was significantly associated with virologic response. Significant regimen knowledge deficits were observed among caregivers, and inaccurate identification of prescribed medications was significantly associated with adherence. Caregivers identified 21 barriers to adherence, and poor adherence was significantly related to the number of barriers reported. Results indicate tha...
Intra-abdominal pressure during trunk extension motions.

Abstract Objective . This study was designed to help interpret the biomechanical role of intraabdominal pressure during lifting type motions of the trunk. Design . An in vivo study was performed in which intra-abdominal pressure was observed as subject trunks were subjected to different dynamic trunk loading conditions common during industrial lifting. Background . There is a little consensus as to the biomechanical role of intraabdominal pressure during lifting. Previous studies have suggested that: it may assist in load relief when lifting, may be involved in trunk stability, and/or may be used as a measure fo spine loading. Thus, in general, our understanding of intra-abdominal pressure is rather poor. Methods . In this study intra-abdominal pressure was monitored using a radio pill in 114 subjects over a series of four experiments. Subject's trunks were subjected to different dynamic trunk symmetric and asymmetric trunk loading conditions that are common during industrial lifting tasks. Results . The results indicated that (1) intra-abdominal pressure increased to significant levels (above 10 mmHg) only when more than 54 Nm of trunk torque were supported; (2) intra-abdominal pressure increases monotonically (up to 150 mmHg) as a function of trunk velocity; and (3) under concentric conditions intra-abdominal pressure increases as a function of greater asymmetry, whereas, under eccentric conditions the response changes to a much lesser extent as asymmetry changes. Conclusions . These findings suggest that intra-abdominal pressure appears to be more a by-product of trunk muscle coactivation. Any mechanical advantage gained from intraabdominal pressure might be in the form of a preparatory action resulting from muscle coactivation that stiffens the trunk just prior to a rapid trunk extension exertion. This function may reinforce previous hypotheses regarding the stability role of intra-abdominal pressure.
Defining Pain: Natural Semantic Metalanguage Meets IASP: A Comment on Wierzbicka’s “Is Pain a Human Universal? A Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Perspective on Pain”:

When it comes to communication of pain, Anna Wierzbicka (2012) takes issue with the scientific definition of pain and turns to natural semantic metalanguage (NSM). However, “pain” is not one of the 64 semantic primes in NSM, and therefore Wierzbicka suggests words such as “body,” “bad,” and “don’t want.” This blurs the boundaries between pain and other aversive sensations and it also challenges certain clinical features of the pain experience.
The AIDS story and moral panic: How the Euro‐African press constructs AIDS

This paper analyzes one Euro‐African news magazine's (New African) treatment of the AIDS story from its first appearance in that publication through the present. The method, textual analysis, helps suggest how the AIDS story makes available certain aspects of the international social formation as well as how the Euro‐African press writes about AIDS. Textual analysis accomplishes three things. First, it uncovers the major narrative of the AIDS story within New African. Second, it shows how the narrative falls within the pan‐African discourse. Third, it links the coverage of the AIDS story with the marketing goals of New African. The purpose is to show how the AIDS story is constructed politically to support specific programs, rather than simply to convey information.
Electrochemical oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid: Mechanisms and products formed in acidic medium

Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid ( 1 ) has been investigated in acidic aqueous solution. The first voltammetric oxidation peak I a of 1 corresponds to an initial two-electron one-proton reaction to give a cation of 3-methyleneindolenine carboxylic acid. Very rapid decarboxylation of the latter intermediate gives a 3-methyleneindolenine cation which undergoes a complex series of reactions yielding 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole ( 2 ), indole-3-aldehyde ( 3 ), 3-methylene-2-oxindole ( 4 ), 3-(3′-methylene indole)-3-hydroxymethyl-2-oxindole ( 5 ) and 2-(3′-methyleneindole)-indole-3-acetic acid ( 6 ) as products. The latter dimer is the major initial product but is more easily oxidized than 1 , giving dimer 5 as its major product along with smaller amounts of 2–4 . Reaction pathways are proposed to explain the formation of 2–6 from 1 and 2–5 from 6 . A spontaneous dimerization reaction of 3-methylene-2-oxindole has been discovered which results in the formation of diastereomers of spiro[benz[ c , d ]indole-5(2 H ), 3′-[3 H ]indole]-2,2′-(1′ H )-dione, 1, 2a, 3,4-tetrahydroindole ( 7 and 8 ).
Class of nonsingular exact solutions for Laplacian pattern formation.

We present a new class of exact solutions for the so-called Laplacian Growth Equation describing the zero-surface-tension limit of a variety of 2D pattern formation problems. Contrary to the common belief, we prove that these solutions are free of finite-time singularities (cusps) for quite general initial conditions and may well describe real fingering instabilities. At long times the interface consists of N separated moving Saffman-Taylor fingers, with “stagnation points” in between, in agreement with numerous observations. This evolution resembles the N-soliton solution of classical integrable PDE’s.
Gadolinium labeled pharmaceuticals as potential mri contrast agents for liver and biliary tract

Three gadolinium-labeled compounds, potential nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging contrast agents for liver and biliary tract, were studied: 1 Gd-DISIDA, 2( Gd-DTPA-Liposomes, and 3) Gd-DTPA dihexadecylamide (Gd-diamide). In each case, “Carrier Added” Gd-153 with specific activity of about 5uCi/mg was used. Each labeled compound was evaluated in experimental animals. Gd-DISIDA proved unsatisfactory because of in vivo instability. Gd-DTPA-Liposomes demonstrated strong toxic effects probably due to pulmonary embolism when large amounts of this compound was administered intravenously. Gd-diamide showed good uptake in the hepatocytes with subsequent excretion into the biliary tract. Several rabbits were imaged in a 0.6T NMR imaging system before and after injection of Gd-diamide. Pulse sequences were chosen that would yield T1-weighted images and permit calculation of T1 relaxation times. This compound produced significant shortening of the T1 relaxation times of the liver and observable increase in intensity on the T1-weighted images. Gd-diamide shows promise as potential NMR contrast agent for liver and biliary tract imaging.
Advanced Turboprop Engines for Long Endurance Naval Patrol Aircraft

Long endurance naval patrol aircraft of the future will require more efficient advanced turboprop powerplants. Engines used in this kind of application will have performance requirements emphasizing prolonged endurance and very low specific fuel consumption for cruise and part-power loiter operation. Regenerative, regenerative/intercooled and advanced conventional cycle screening studies were carried out to select the cycle pressure ratio and turbine temperature for each type, considering the effects on installed performance and weight. Design and cycle choices were studied in each engine category including recuperator types, effectiveness, pressure drop, bypass bleed and variable area turbine nozzle. The engine characteristics of each type were then compared using a representative mission. The advanced conventional engine showed the largest potential, the regenerative second and the regenerative/intercooled the least promise for lower installed fuel consumption and improved mission performance.Copyright © 1982 by ASME
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Disease overview: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sezary syndrome (SS). Diagnosis: The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. Risk-adapted therapy: Tumor, node, metastasis, and blood (TNMB) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a “risk-adapted,” multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral, or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers, denileukin diftitox, and histone deacetylase inhibitors before escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. Multiagent chemotherapy may be used for those patients with extensive visceral involvement requiring rapid disease control. In highly-selected patients with disease refractory to standard treatments, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Restructuring Attentionality and Intentionality

Phenomenology and experimental psychology have been largely interested in the same thing when it comes to attention. By building on the work of Aron Gurwitsch, especially his ideas of attention and restructuration, this paper attempts to articulate common ground in psychology and phenomenology of attention through discussion of a new way to think about multistability in some phenomena. What psychology views as an attentionality-intentionality phenomenon, phenomenology views as an intentionality-attentionality phenomenon. The proposal is that an awareness of this restructuring of attentionality and intentionality can benefit both approaches to attention. After reviewing Husserl’s position on attentionality and intentionality, this paper examines multistable phenomena, redefines the attentional transformation called restructuring, discusses disciplinary perspectives on attention and gives an example using common ground.
Compressibility of the Alkali Halides

Compressibility of eleven alkali halides and its variations with pressure and temperature have been determined by measurements by Bridgman's new method, up to 12,000 atm. for both 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C and 75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} C. The samples were all single simple cubic crystals each grown from the melt in a new way, described elsewhere. The error in the values of the compressibility at zero pressure, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}$, is probably less than one per cent; in the values for variation with pressure, ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{0}$, and temperature the error may be 5 and 20 per cent respectively. By extrapolation approximate values of ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}$ for absolute zero are found. Periodic relations. Both ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{0}$ when plotted against the alkali ion for a series of salts of the same halogen ion, or vice-versa, show similar behavior. The curves break sharply at the ion similar to argon (K or Cl) the rate of increase suddenly decreasing. This behavior is also shown by the grating space as measured by Davey, and tends to corroborate Bohr's theory of atomic structure according to which there is a discontinuity in atomic formation at argon, additional electrons going into inner shells.Interatomic forces in cubic crystals.--- The crystal potential energy as a function of volume, at absolute zero is determined from the experimental results, and an empirical expression for it is developed which is extrapolated to a volume so large that the repulsive forces between the atoms are small. The remaining attractive force is found approximately equal to that given by the expression derived by Madelung assuming each ion is singly charged. Then assuming electrostatic cohesion, a series development is obtained for the repulsion betwe atoms. This is found not to vary as any single inverse power of the grating space, as demanded by the theory of Born for salts of Na, K and Rb; nor is there any discontinuity between Li and the other metals. Values for the energy of dissociation of the crystal into ions are given. As would be expected, the change of compressibility with temperature is related to the thermal expansion in such a way that an increase of temperature and decrease of pressure have the same effect on both volume and compressibility.
Mutational effects on constraints on character evolution and phenotypic plasticity inArabidopsis thaliana

Although the concept of genetic constraints plays an important role in our understanding of the evolution of natural populations, there are still few empirical investigations probing the nature and limits of constraints in plant and animal species, aside from some studies inDrosophila. In the work reported here, we use an induced mutation - artificial selection protocol to analyse constraints on character means and phenotypic plasticity to nutrients inArabidopsis thaliana, an annual crucifer. We induced point mutations in a highly inbred line characterized by an extreme phenotype (very fast life cycle, early flowering, reduced leaf production) and little plasticity. We then selected individuals with increased leaf numbers. The goals were to determine if: (i) it is possible to increase leaf production; (ii) this has an effect on reproductive fitness; (iii) a mutation-selection process simultaneously alters the environmental insensitivity of the plant, thereby allowing phenotypic plasticity; and (iv) changes in the target trait affect other characters or their plasticities. The results demonstrate that: (a) mutations do increase leaf number; (b) this yields a much higher reproductive fitness, owing to the extension of the very short life cycle of the base inbred line; (c) there are no changes in plasticity of leaf number or of any other trait, possibly because few loci are involved in the control of plasticity; (d) changes in leaf number are related to alterations in three other traits comprising a strong set of covarying characters inA. thaliana. Two uncorrelated traits are capable of independent evolution from the constrained set. We therefore suggest that environmentally insensitive ecotypes of A.thaliana can quickly evolve to form ecologically specialized, relatively environmentally invariant genotypes.
Controlling Drug Resistance in Fungal Systems by Zinc Cluster Proteins

Drug resistance is a serious complication for patients with an infection, and unfortunately, bacteria and fungi are quickly rendering many therapeutic drugs ineffective. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this mechanism is defined as pleiotropic drug-resistance (PDR). Overexpression of drug efflux pumps, which transport drugs out of the cell, is controlled by two major transcriptional regulators, Pdr1p and Pdr3p. Homologous PDR pathways have been identified in other pathogenic species, such as Canadida albicans. Pdr1p and Pdr3p are zinc cluster transcription factors that recognize a pair of CGG repeats in the promoter region of target PDR genes. Interestingly, these transcriptional regulators tolerate sequence variation within the binding site and recognize a small group of variant sites. Pdr1p and Pdr3p have been shown to selectively regulate PDR genes through canonical and variant binding sites. This is observed in the differential regulation of two PDR genes: PDR5, the prominent ABC transporter and HXT11, a hexose transporter. Pdr1p and Pdr3p recognize a variant binding site in the promoter region of PDR5; however, the transcriptional regulators do not recognize the same variant site in the promoter of HXT11. The regulatory mechanism for how canonical and variant binding sites lead to differential PDR gene expression has yet to be explored. These protein/DNA interactions have been studied using two approaches, binding affinity and specificity studies. Fluorescence anisotropy and surface plasmon resonance were used to determine the individual binding affinities of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) for canonical and variant binding sites, and x-ray crystallography was utilized to resolve the molecular interactions between the DBD complex with canonical and variant binding sites. Differences in the binding motifs and in the DBDs of Pdr1p and Pdr3p must allow for differential regulation, making this a unique system for investigation and a possible drug target.
Police-probation partnerships: Professional identity and the sharing of coercive power

Abstract As formal police-probation partnerships become more commonplace, the occasional incompatibility of police and probation functions becomes increasingly obvious. Understanding how police-probation partnerships create unique pressures on officers and ultimately reconciling the real or perceived incompatibility of police and probation objectives is an important prerequisite to partnership success. Few studies had considered how inter-agency collaborations have the potential to alter the role distinctions between police and probation officers and how the quality, diversity, and effectiveness of the services that they provide may be compromised or enhanced. This study, based on interviews with police and probation officers participating in a formally organized police-probation partnership in Spokane, Washington considered how close working relationships may influence the professional orientations of the participating officers. Findings suggest that tension between organizational objectives threatens to create an imbalance of power between partnership participants.
The science of doing right: reflections on a global mental health advocacy project.

Background In July 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved an application submitted by Mount Sinai physicians, Dr Craig Katz, Dr Anna Rosen, and Dr Hiwot Woldu, and medical student Jasleen Salwan to add risperidone to the Essential Medicines List. Initiated in 1977 and updated every 2 years based on applications for revisions submitted by parties outside WHO, the list guides drug policy in developing nations around the world. Although it is not binding, it helps government officials as well as external donors set funding priorities. WHO’s approval of the Mount Sinai team’s application marked the first addition of an atypical antipsychotic to the list, addressing a major neglected area of global health. It is hoped that it will be followed by many more victories for underserved psychiatric patients across the globe.
Small-vocabulary speech recognition using surface electromyography

We present results of electromyographic (EMG) speech recognition on a small vocabulary of 15 English words. EMG speech recognition holds promise for mitigating the effects of high acoustic noise on speech intelligibility in communication systems, including those used by first responders (a focus of this work). We collected 150 examples per word of single-channel EMG data from a male subject, speaking normally while wearing a firefighter's self-contained breathing apparatus. The signal processing consisted of an activity detector, a feature extractor, and a neural network classifier. Testing produced an overall average correct classification rate on the 15 words of 74% with a 95% confidence interval of (71%, 77%). Once trained, the subject used a classifier as part of a real-time system to communicate to a cellular phone and to control a robotic device. These tasks were performed under an ambient noise level of approximately 95 decibels. We also describe ongoing work on phoneme-level EMG speech recognition.
Antibody-dependent Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Antibody-dependent Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
A MINE alternative to D-optimal designs for the linear model.

Doing large-scale genomics experiments can be expensive, and so experimenters want to get the most information out of each experiment. To this end the Maximally Informative Next Experiment (MINE) criterion for experimental design was developed. Here we explore this idea in a simplified context, the linear model. Four variations of the MINE method for the linear model were created: MINE-like, MINE, MINE with random orthonormal basis, and MINE with random rotation. Each method varies in how it maximizes the MINE criterion. Theorem 1 establishes sufficient conditions for the maximization of the MINE criterion under the linear model. Theorem 2 establishes when the MINE criterion is equivalent to the classic design criterion of D-optimality. By simulation under the linear model, we establish that the MINE with random orthonormal basis and MINE with random rotation are faster to discover the true linear relation with regression coefficients and observations when . We also establish in simulations with , , and 1000 replicates that these two variations of MINE also display a lower false positive rate than the MINE-like method and additionally, for a majority of the experiments, for the MINE method.
A Study on the Consistency of Stakeholder Preferences for Different Types of Information in Evaluating Police Services.

Abstract A questionnaire is designed to allow assessment of a simple additive value function for testing respondent preferences for different types of information used in evaluating police services. The questionnaire was distributed to 57 respondents representing five different stakeholder groups within the metropolitan Pittsburgh Criminal Justice System. The responses are analyzed to determine what types of information different stakeholder groups consider useful in evaluating police performance. Statistical analysis of results suggest that different stakeholders have a high degree of consistency in the importance attached to different types of information.
Deformation and fracture behavior of Sn-5%Sb solder

Considerable research and development efforts are underway towards the development of lead-free solder alloys. Most of these solders are tin-containing binary and ternary alloys. One such alloy composition that belongs to this category is Sn-5%Sb solder. This solder alloy, with a near-peritectic composition has advantages of good room temperature creep resistance and mechanical strength, although, its melting point is too high (245 C) compared to that of the polar lead-tin eutectic (183 C). An important property of the solder for the manufacturing or product engineer, is wettability. Wettability is solders ability to form the actual joint on a circuit board and is quantitatively assessed by the contact angle formed at the solder-substrate-flux triple point. Compared to a contact angle of 17 [+-] 4[degree] for Pb-Sn eutectic that for Sn-5%Sb is high (43 [+-] 4[degree]) and is adequate for consideration in prototype solder joint development in microelectronics packaging. Mechanical properties, particularly strength and ductility, have been reported by several investigators. In these reports, ductility as high as 80% and 50% have been reported, respectively, at room- and elevated-temperatures (100--225 C). Within the same temperature range the tensile strengths were found to be 40 MPa. This work was performed to study themore » deformation and fracture characteristics of a fine-grained (< 10[mu]m) Sn-5%Sb solder at various temperatures and strain-rates.« less
Preliminary characterization of material eluted from roots affected by juvenile periodontitis.

Initial efforts were undertaken to characterize material eluted from the roots of diseased teeth obtained from patients with juvenile (JP) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Material eluted from sixteen of nineteen diseased roots was limulus positive; out of five normal roots, only one yielded limulus-positive material (X2= 7.90; p < 0.01). Moreover, heat treatment reversed the limulus positive response of material from seven of the eight limulus-positive JP roots, but had no effect on six of the eight limulus-positive extracts from CP roots (X2= 6.36; p < 0.02). Preliminary evidence suggests the presence of a heat-sensitive, moderately acid-stable, limulus-activating protein in material eluted from roots affected by juvenile periodontitis.
Electron-impact ionization of metastable neon

Ionization out of metastable states can dominate the total electron-impact ionization rate for many atomic systems. However, there have been few advanced close-coupling calculations of ionization of metastable atoms. In this paper, we report on an R-matrix with pseudostates (RMPS) calculation of ionization from the 2p53s3P term of neon. Within the experimental systematic uncertainties, our RMPS cross section is in agreement with the measurements by Johnston et al (1996 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 531) for ionization from the 3P0 and 3P2 metastable levels. In addition, we have carried out a configuration-average time-dependent close-coupling (TDCC) calculation of ionization from the 2p53s configuration of neon and we find that the TDCC results agree well with RMPS cross sections, further supporting the accuracy of these advanced close-coupling methods. Finally, we have performed a distorted-wave calculation of the ionization cross section of metastable neon, and by comparing it with the RMPS results, we assess the effects of inter-channel coupling on this cross section.
Derivation of the modified Schrödinger equation for a particle with a spatially varying mass through path integrals.

This paper describes our first-principles derivation of the Hamiltonian for the calculation of the bound states for a particle with a spatially varying mass in an arbitrary potential well. Our approach is based on the Feynman path-integral technique and results in a Hermitian form of the Schroedinger equation that conserves current at the boundary. We deduced the correct operator ordering for the Hamiltonian and found a correctional term that can be viewed as an effective potential.
WALL PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS AND BUBBLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AT SEVERAL POSITIONS IN AN AIRLIFT FERMENTOR

Measurements of bubble size distribution using direct photographic methods and image analysis have been made on a cylindrical split-column airlift fermentor. Wall pressure fluctuation measurements have also been collected at several vertical positions for a number of systems with different viscosities operated over a range of air flow rates. Tap water, salt water, and CMC in water solutions have been used in the investigation.
Detection of Xylem-limited Bacteria from Sharpshooter Leafhoppers and Their Feeding Hosts in Peach Environs Monitored by Culture Isolations and Elisa Techniques

Xylem-limited bacteria (XLB) were recovered from the sharpshooter leafhoppers, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), Oncometopia orbona (F.), and Paraulacizes irrorata (F.), and cultured on artificial agar medium. Seasonal occurrence of XLB in H. coagulata and its plant hosts were determined by in vitro isolations and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for XLB. XLB were recovered frequently from H. coagulata from numerous feeding hosts soon after they moved into peach orchards. Highest recoveries of XLB from host plants were from commercial plums, Prunus salicina L. (70.1%), that showed visible leaf scald symptoms, followed by peaches, Prunus persica (L. [Batsch[) (31.4%).
Selective detection of nitrogen dioxide and diisopropyl methylphosphonate with an interdigitated gate electrode field-effect transistor (IGEFET)

Abstract A microelectronic integrated circuit, referred to as the interdigitated gate electrode field-effect transistor (IGEFET), has been coupled with a chemically active electron-beam evaporated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film to realize a novel gas-sensitive microsensor. The sensor has been utilized to selectively detect parts-per-billion concentration levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP). The sensor is excited with a voltage pulse, and the time- and frequency-domain responses are measured. The envelopes associated with the normalized difference Fourier transform magnitude frequency spectra reveal features which unambiguously distinguish the NO2 and DIMP challenge gas responses. The area beneath each response envelope can correspondingly be interpreted as the sensor's sensitivity for a specific challenge gas concentration.
Comparative palatability of 22 liquid antacids.

Objective: To compare the palatability, acid neutralizing capability, and costs of different antacids. Methods: Volunteers between the ages of 18 and 60 years were given 22 antacids. All antacids were given during a 4-h period in two groups of 11 antacids each. Subjects sampled each antacid in a manner similar to wine tasting and rated each antacid on its smell, taste, texture and aftertaste using a scale of 1–9; 1 being the worst and 9 the best. Results: A total of 73 adults completed the study. Mylanta Lemon Twist and Mylanta Cherry Creme were the most palatable antacids; however, overall the palatability of all the antacids was poor. Maalox MS Cool Mint and ES Gaviscon were the least palatable. The extra strength antacids had the most acid neutralizing capability, and thus would require smaller doses. Amphogel was the most costly antacid per mEq of acid neutralized. Age and gender did not affect the palatability scores. Conclusion: Although the regular strengths of Mylanta Lemon Twist and Mylanta Cherry Creme were the most palatable, the extra strength versions of these products have twice the acid neutralizing capability and thus, half the volume is required for each dose. Therefore, these agents may be the antacids of choice.
Decision theoretic steering and genetic algorithm optimization: application to stereotactic radiosurgery treatment planning.

Treatment planning for stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiotherapy is currently a labor intensive, operator-dependent process. Many degrees of freedom exist to make rigorous optimization intractable except by computationally intelligent techniques. The quality of a given plan is determined by an aggregate of clinical objectives, most of which are subject to competing tradeoffs. In this work, we present an autonomous scheme that couples decision theoretic guidance with a genetic algorithm for optimization. Ordinal ranking among a population of viable treatment plans is based on a generalized distance metric, which promotes a decreasing hyperfrontier of the efficient solution set. The solution set is driven toward efficiency by the genetic algorithm, which uses the tournament selection mechanism based on the ordinal ranking. Goals and satisficing conditions can be defined to signal the ultimate and the minimum achievement levels in a given objective. A conventionally challenging case in radiosurgery was used to demonstrate the practical utility and the problem-solving power of the decision theoretic genetic algorithm. Treatment plans with one isocenter and four isocenters were derived under the autonomous scheme and compared to the actual treatment plan manually optimized by the expert planner. Quality assessment based on dose–volume histograms and normal tissue complication probabilities suggested that computational optimization could be driven to offer varying degrees of dosimetric improvement over a human-guided optimization effort. Furthermore, it was possible to achieve a high degree of isodose conformity to the target volume in computational optimization by increasing the degree of freedom in the treatment parameters. The time taken to derive an efficient planning solution was comparable and usually shorter than in the manual planning process, and can be scaled down almost linearly with the number of processors. Overall, the autonomous genetic algorithm scheme was found to be powerful and versatile as a computationally intelligent counterpart to human-guided strategies in treatment optimization for stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy: planning and evaluation for prostate cancer cases.

Purpose To develop an optimization method using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and evaluate VMAT plans relative to the standard intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) approach in prostate cancer. Methods and Materials A single gantry rotation was modeled using 177 equispaced beams. Multileaf collimator apertures and dose rates were optimized with respect to gantry angle subject to dose-volume–based objectives. Our VMAT implementation used conjugate gradient descent to optimize dose rate, and stochastic sampling to find optimal multileaf collimator leaf positions. A treatment planning study of 11 prostate cancer patients with a prescription dose of 86.4 Gy was performed to compare VMAT with a standard five-field IMRT approach. Plan evaluation statistics included the percentage of planning target volume (PTV) receiving 95% of prescribed dose (V95), dose to 95% of PTV (D95), mean PTV dose, tumor control probability, and dosimetric endpoints of normal organs, whereas monitor unit (MU) and delivery time were used to assess delivery efficiency. Results Patient-averaged PTV V95, D95, mean dose, and tumor control probability in VMAT plans were 96%, 82.6 Gy, 88.5 Gy, and 0.920, respectively, vs. 97%, 84.0 Gy, 88.9 Gy, and 0.929 in IMRT plans. All critical structure dose requirements were met. The VMAT plans presented better rectal wall sparing, with a reduction of 1.5% in normal tissue complication probability. An advantage of VMAT plans was that the average number of MUs (290 MU) was less than for IMRT plans (642 MU). Conclusion The VMAT technique can reduce beam on time by up to 55% while maintaining dosimetric quality comparable to that of the standard IMRT approach.
Purification and properties of 16α-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase from Eubacterium sp. strain 144

Abstract Eubacterium sp. strain 144 converts 16α-hydroxyprogesterone to 17-isoprogesterone. The first step of this reaction is catalyzed by 16α-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase (16α-dehydroxylase). This enzyme was purified 40–70-fold and characterized. 16α-Dehydroxylase was found to be active in two molecular weight forms of Mr 181000 and 326000. A subunit relative molecular weight of 42400 was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. Although active with both 16α-hydroxyprogesterone and 16α-hydroxypregnenolone, the affinity of 16α-dehydroxylase for the latter steroid was twice that of the former based on the apparent Km values. Evidence of possible substrate inhibition at high concentrations was seen with 16α-hydroxypregnenolone. 16-Ketoprogesterone was found to be a competitive inhibitor of 16α-dehydroxylase with respect to both steroid substrates. Although generally unaffected by low concentrations of non-ionic detergents, 16α-dehydroxylase activity was stimulated 3–7-fold by sodium dodecyl sulfate and inhibited strongly by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
Sodium influx and excitation in uterine smooth muscle.

THE applicability of the ionic hypothesis of excitation, more specifically the transient increase of sodium permeability during an action potential1, has not been extended to smooth muscles in general. This is due largely to serious technical difficulties in impaling the small cells of smooth muscles, as shown by the comparatively low and widely variable values of membrane potentials for smooth muscles. Direct tests of the effect of sodium deprivation on the action potential are therefore rather difficult to make. Additional confusion has been caused by claims that action potentials persist in media containing very little sodium2 or no sodium at all3.
Acoustic speaker based on high-efficiency broadband nano-pillar photonic crystal Opto-thermo-mechanical MEMS excitation

This paper presents the first nanopillar membrane acoustic speaker, using nanoscale photonic crystal optical absorbers for thermo-mechanical excitation of speaker membrane. The acoustic emission could be measured using B&K Sound Pressure Level Meter, corresponding to sound pressure levels of 50–60 dB. Optical actuation for MEMS takes advantage of directly coupling of energy into selected device areas without any electrical interconnects as required in integrated electrostatic and piezoelectric actuation. In opto-thermo actuation, light incident onto the structures is absorbed and converted to heat via photon absorption. Here, we realized linear, high efficiency and broad-band optical actuation for circular Si/SiO 2 membrane resonator with integrated vertical silicon nano-pillar photonic crystal arrays.
Old Faithful: A Physical Model

The recent confirmation of a prediction that relates the duration of eruption to time between eruptions suggests a physical model of the internal cavity of Old Faithful.
An Examination of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 Correctional Scale in a College Student Population

In this study, the authors examined the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 Correctional scale's sensitivity and specificity at detecting college students' illegal behaviors. Sensitivity was strong, but specificity was weak. Implications for counseling and suggestions for future research are included.
Aeration characteristics of laboratory flotation machine impellers

Abstract The aeration characteristics of several laboratory flotation machine impellers have been studied paying special attention to the pressure generated by impeller rotation. Correlations have been established between pressure (or Euler) number and Reynolds number, pressure ratio and air flow number, and these correlations have been compared with the conventional power correlations. Aeration and addition of frother affect both the power and the pressure generated by the rotating impeller; both decrease with increasing frother concentration, although in the low-impeller-speed region at relatively high frother concentrations the decrease in pressure is more pronounced than the decrease in power. Possible applications are mentioned and suggestions for further work are made.
“Waiting to go home”: Narratives of homelessness, housing and home among older adults with schizophrenia

This study used thematic narrative analysis to develop an understanding of how older adults with ongoing symptoms of schizophrenia who have experienced homelessness understand and express their life course and present-time narratives of homelessness, housing, and home. Findings were developed from 26 individual interviews with five study participants and 33 systematic field observations of their homes, treatment environments and neighborhoods. Presentation of the participants' narratives illuminates how participants experienced shared challenges in unique ways and the meaning they assigned to experiences of homelessness, housing and home, particularly in regard to identity and ongoing challenges. While all participants were housed, housing did not equate to a sense of being home. Implications for social work practice and policy, and directions for future research, are discussed.
Anomaly recovery from compressed spectral imagery via low-rank matrix minimization

This work describes a methodology for the recovery of anomalies and their spectral signatures from compressively sensed multi-spectral video using Principal Component Pursuit (PCP). In video surveillance, approaches based on PCP allow the anomaly detection in a cluttered background by modeling a sequence of video frames as a large data matrix composed by a low-rank matrix plus a sparse matrix. The low-rank matrix corresponds to the stationary background and the sparse matrix captures the anomalies in the foreground. The compressive spectral video frames are attained by the use of a Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging (CASSI) system. The CASSI system allows the compressive measurement of spectrally rich video content by simply capturing a sequence of 2D coded aperture video frames. This paper describes improved procedures for the reconstruction of the video anomalies and their spectra based on the 2-D, aperture-coded, isolated anomalies.
Esophagostomy Feeding Tube Use and Placement in Exotic Pets

Providing enteral nutrition to injured or ill exotic animal patients by means of assisted feedings minimizes catabolism and gastrointestinal morbidity associated with anorexia, while optimizing immune system and organ function, and providing nutritional precursors necessary for healing. When determining the nutritional needs of a debilitated animal, it is important to account for both metabolic rate and energy requirements. Providing enteral nutrition via a feeding tube utilizes the functional gastrointestinal tract in patients that cannot or will not eat. Additionally, administration of food through a feeding tube is significantly less stressful for patients than restraint and syringe feeding. Feeding tube placement should be considered in any animal where the stress associated with syringe feeding is likely to result in significant morbidity or when the need for an extended period of assisted feeding is required.
Optimizing Antibiotic Use in Hospitals: The Role of Population-Based Antibiotic Surveillance in Limiting Antibiotic Resistance Insights from the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists

To minimize antibiotic resistance, pharmacists increasingly are becoming involved in antibiotic surveillance, formulation of antibiotic use policies, and day-to-day control of problematic antibiotic use. Population-based antibiotic surveillance has become common with the proliferation of electronic databases. The most widely applied measure of antibiotic consumption is the defined daily dose/1000 patient days. Most studies correlating antibiotic consumption with resistance have focused on antibiogram-related end points; antibiogram data generally reflect institutional nosocomial infection patterns. Most study designs have been derived from traditional epidemiology such as case-control with regression modeling or simple linear regression; however, these methods have limitations. Several experimental designs show promise. Many historical-control studies, including a multicentered study, suggest that population-based antibiotic surveillance and policy intervention can decrease antibiotic resistance in hospitals. Further research on the relationships among antibiotic surveillance, structured antibiotic policy interventions, and other microbiologic, patient-oriented, and economic end points is needed.