cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Interactive Television and Distance Education on Student Evaluation of Courses: A Causal Model

Path analysis was used in this study to examine the direct and indirect effects of distance, motivation, satisfaction with course content, and satisfaction with an interactive television (ITV) system on student evaluation of community college courses. The sample consisted of 1,520 students enrolled in 31 different courses at 36 sites throughout a large rural state located in the northeastern part of the United States. Analysis of the data revealed that the two satisfaction variables had the largest direct effect on student end‐of‐course evaluation. Motivation had a significant but small effect, and the study found that the distance a student lived from a campus had negligible effects on end‐of‐course evaluation. Thus, this study provides further evidence of the viability of ITV instruction in expanding educational opportunities.
Graduate medical education at Chubu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.

Japanese medical education differs from U.S. medical education in a number of ways. In particular, Japanese medical students have little hands-on contact with patients in their six years of medical school; in post-graduate training, Japanese residents spend most of their time caring for tertiary care patients with complex diseases, and they generally get little practice in performing such basic patient-care tasks as history taking and physical evaluation. Invited to be a visiting professor at Japan's Chubu Hospital (which is affiliated with the University of Hawaii), the author spent three months working with Japanese pediatrics residents. During this time, he studied the residents' clinical experiences and levels of competency in such basic pediatrics skills as failure-to-thrive workups, estimation of dehydration and fluid replacement, detection of strabismus. He discusses his conclusion that these residents are ill prepared for general clinical work and the possible consequences of this poor preparation. Finally, he briefly reviews similar concerns raised by the American Academy of Pediatrics about how well pediatrics residents in the United States are prepared for general clinical practice.
Selective liquid-phase oxidation of glycerol over Au–Pd/C bimetallic catalysts prepared by electroless deposition

Abstract Liquid phase oxidation of glycerol under basic conditions was examined for a series of Au–Pd/C bimetallic catalysts prepared by electroless deposition. Enhanced activity was observed for bimetallic compositions with θ Au > 0.30, with a maximum in activity at θ Au = 0.50 having a turnover frequency ∼20 times larger than for Pd and ∼4 times larger than for gold. A volcano shaped curve suggests the formation of bimetallic sites composed of Au–Pd in close contact, with the maximum at θ Au = 0.50 indicating the largest concentration of bimetallic sites at that coverage. Further increase in the coverage of Au on Pd lead to a catalytic surface approaching that of monometallic Au with lower TOF values. Selectivity to glyceric acid was 80% (±2%) for Pd and Au–Pd bimetallic catalysts below θ Au 2 O 2 oxidant that is presumably produced on the Au sites. At the highest Au coverages, selectivity dropped to 1 and C 2 oxygenated products.
Axisymmetric vibration of prestressed non-uniform cantilever cylindrical shells

Abstract The extended Galerkin method has been used in the investigation of axially loaded clamped-free homogeneous, isotropic and elastic cylindrical shells. Both mass and stiffnesses are considered to vary along the longitudinal direction. Legendre polynomials have been used as shape functions which lead to a simple and systematic procedure in determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Some numerical results are presented.
Alzheimer disease: Treatment of Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with early onset of neuropathology that is indistinguishable from Alzheimer disease (AD), and is typically followed by cognitive decline two decades later. A recent study has reported that the AD drug memantine failed to improve cognitive performance and function in middle-aged patients with DS.
Factors affecting sugar-sweetened beverage availability in competitive venues of US secondary schools.

BACKGROUND: This study explores sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) availability in US secondary school competitive venues during the first 3 years following the school wellness policy requirement (2007-2009). Furthermore, analyses examine associations with school policy and SSB availability. METHODS: Analyses use questionnaire data from 757 middle and 762 high schools in the nationally representative Youth, Education, and Society study to examine soda and non-soda SSB availability associations with school policy including (1) beverage bottling contracts and related incentives, (2) individuals/organizations responsible for decisions regarding beverages available in vending machines, and (3) school wellness policies and nutrition guidelines. RESULTS: Non-soda SSBs made up the majority of SSBs in both middle and high schools. Soda was especially likely to be found in vending machines; non-soda SSBs were widely available across competitive venues. Access to soda decreased significantly over time; however, non-soda SSB access did not show a similar decrease. School policy allowing beverage supplier contractual involvement (bottling contract incentives and beverage supplier ‘‘say’’ in vending machine beverage choices) was related to increased SSB access. However, the existence of developed nutritional guidelines was associated with lower SSB availability. CONCLUSIONS: Students had high access to SSBs across competitive school venues, with non-soda SSBs making up the majority of SSB beverage options. Efforts to reduce access to SSBs in US secondary schools should include a focus on reducing both soda and non-soda SSBs, reducing beverage supplier involvement in school beverage choices, and encouraging the development of targeted nutritional guidelines for all competitive venues.
Outpatients’ attitudes and understanding regarding living wills

Objective: To assess outpatients’ attitudes toward and understanding of a standard living will. Design: Survey using a self-administered questionnaire that patients completed after they had read a sample living will. Setting: General medicine clinic of a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients: Two hundred fourteen patients (85% of those approached) attending a continuity care clinic appointment. Eighty-seven percent were men; mean age was 60 years. Measurements and main results: Patients’ attitudes toward living wills, understanding of the terminology contained in living wills, desire to discuss living wills with their doctors, and desire to prepare a living will. Results: Seventy-two percent of the patients had prior knowledge of living wills, though only 53% had discussed the topic with family members and only 14% with physicians. Half felt that the living will terminology should be simplified, and 55% were unable to identify the correct definition for at least one commonly used term. Desire to prepare a living will was positively associated with better understanding of the sample document and previous knowledge of and exposure to living wills, and was negatively associated with concern about its use and revocability (all p<0.001). Patients who reported poor understanding of the living will were more likely to want to discuss the topic with a physician (p<0.01). Conclusions: In this ambulatory patient population attitudes toward living wills were influenced by knowledge and understanding of these documents. Primary care physicians and institutions should develop patient education strategies that enhance understanding of advance directives.
Just doing: Therapy according to Chuang Tsu

Abstract Other non-Western philosophical traditions can provide valuable perspectives and insights for philosophical counseling. This is especially true when a client has a sympathetic relationship with a specific philosopher. In this case, Chuang Tsu, a Taoist, provides the direction and practice for a client's ‘‘secret of growth.’’
Molecular genetics of nicotine dependence and abstinence: whole genome association using 520,000 SNPs

Classical genetic studies indicate that nicotine dependence is a substantially heritable complex disorder. Genetic vulnerabilities to nicotine dependence largely overlap with genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on other addictive substances. Successful abstinence from nicotine displays substantial heritable components as well. Some of the heritability for the ability to quit smoking appears to overlap with the genetics of nicotine dependence and some does not. We now report genome wide association studies of nicotine dependent individuals who were successful in abstaining from cigarette smoking, nicotine dependent individuals who were not successful in abstaining and ethnically-matched control subjects free from substantial lifetime use of any addictive substance. These data, and their comparison with data that we have previously obtained from comparisons of four other substance dependent vs control samples support two main ideas: 1) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose allele frequencies distinguish nicotine-dependent from control individuals identify a set of genes that overlaps significantly with the set of genes that contain markers whose allelic frequencies distinguish the four other substance dependent vs control groups (p < 0.018). 2) SNPs whose allelic frequencies distinguish successful vs unsuccessful abstainers cluster in small genomic regions in ways that are highly unlikely to be due to chance (Monte Carlo p < 0.00001). These clustered SNPs nominate candidate genes for successful abstinence from smoking that are implicated in interesting functions: cell adhesion, enzymes, transcriptional regulators, neurotransmitters and receptors and regulation of DNA, RNA and proteins. As these observations are replicated, they will provide an increasingly-strong basis for understanding mechanisms of successful abstinence, for identifying individuals more or less likely to succeed in smoking cessation efforts and for tailoring therapies so that genotypes can help match smokers with the treatments that are most likely to benefit them.
fMRI of intrasubject variability in ADHD: anomalous premotor activity with prefrontal compensation.

Objective Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently display increased intrasubject variability (ISV) in response time across varying tasks, signifying inefficiency of response preparation compared to typically developing (TD) children. Children with ADHD also demonstrate impaired response inhibition; inhibitory deficits correlate with ISV, suggesting that similar brain circuits may underlie both processes. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying increased ISV and inhibitory deficits in children with ADHD, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the neural correlates of ISV during Go/No-go task performance.
Atomic and molecular collision processes in rare‐gas‐halide lasers and rare‐gas excimer lasers

The key cycles of atomic and molecular collision processes contributing to the formation and quenching of the excited molecular states in exciplex (such as KrF*) and excimer (such as Xe/sub 2/*) laser systems are delineated and discussed.
Nodular Glomerulosclerosis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Who Smokes

Cigarette smoking may have harmful effects on both native and transplant kidneys. Although a causal relationship was not shown, nodular glomerulosclerosis was reported in association with long-term cigarette smoking. We report a 48-year-old woman with a long-term history of smoking who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation. A renal biopsy to assess a progressive increase in serum creatinine levels 11 years posttransplantation showed features of nodular glomerulosclerosis. Other causes of nodular glomerulosclerosis were excluded. We speculate that long exposure to smoking may be the etiologic factor for nodular glomerulosclerosis in the kidney graft of our patient. Further confirmation of this risk relationship is important because cessation of smoking may help improve renal survival.
Comparison of spatial differencing schemes for the equation of radiative transfer applied to biomedical tissues

When numerically implementing the equation of radiative transfer (ERT) to calculate light propagation in biological tissue, one has several choices on how to perform the spatial discretization. In this study we investigate the performance of two commonly employed differencing schemes ("step" and "weighted diamond"). Using a discrete-ordinates finite-volume method in a two-dimensional absorbing and scattering medium, the code performances are evaluated in terms of accuracy and computational requirement. We find that, compared to the step-differencing scheme, the weighted diamond differencing scheme provides more accurate solutions of the radiation intensity over a wide range of optical properties. Furthermore, the weighted diamond scheme is computationally more efficient than the step method. When used in conjunction with tomographic reconstruction algorithms, we observe that using the weighted-diamond differencing scheme leads to more accurate reconstructions of the optical properties.
A NEW CHALLENGE FOR CLIMATE STUDIES IN GEOGRAPHY

Greater emphasis is being placed on large-scale (synoptic and dynamic) climatology in geography. Concurrently, climatological research as a whole has evolved to view climate as a complex, integrated and interactive global system. In this context, we review new directions in large-scale climate studies in geography. We conclude that no matter at which climatic scale geographers are working, the new challenge is to integrate their research and teaching activities into a more holistic, global-systems approach while maintaining and improving their traditional strengths.
Rare gas-oxygen emission bands in the ultraviolet

Rare gas and rare gas-oxygen mixtures have been excited with e-beams, leading to new emission features in the ultraviolet. Strong new emission bands are observed at 185.0 and 204.5 nm in the case of Ar/O2 mixtures. Time dependence measurements of these Ar/oxygen bands suggest that they either have a common origin or a common precursor. New emission features arising from the interaction of Kr and oxygen have also been recorded following excitation of Kr/O2 and Kr/N2O mixtures.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Persistent oxidative stress and gene expression changes in radiation-induced genomic instability

Abstract In addition to the damage caused by the initial exposure to ionizing radiation, it is now known that ionizing radiation induces delayed DNA damage in cells by a process known as radiation-induced genomic instability. Characterized using many different endpoints including increased mutation, frequency, increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased plating efficiency, radiation-induced genomic instability is best characterized in the GM10115 system by chromosomal instability. While the cellular and molecular mechanism of induced instability is not known, we are investigating the hypothesis that clones exhibiting instability display an altered pattern of gene expression. An 1152 gene microarray chip was used to uncover potential gene expression changes in two sets of two unstable clones in comparison to an irradiated but chromosomally stable clone. One candidate gene, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), was under-expressed in the unstable clones by an average of 3.66-fold by array analysis. Given the high levels of ROS observed in unstable clones, we performed a detailed analysis of SOD1 in four chromosomally unstable cell lines. Northern and western blotting assays could not confirm the microarray data, showing a decrease in expression of SOD1 in only one of four unstable lines, and increases in average protein level in all four unstable clones relative to control. Average SOD1 activity was also elevated in three of four unstable clones tested. These results indicate that while increased ROS levels are characteristic of many of our clones showing instability, this is not due to under-expression of SOD1 as suggested by DNA microarray analysis.
Improved Gaussian Beam-Scattering Algorithm

The localized model of the beam-shape coefficients for Gaussian beam-scattering theory by a spherical particle provides a great simplification in the numerical implementation of the theory. We derive an alternative form for the localized coefficients that is more convenient for computer computations and that provides physical insight into the details of the scattering process. We construct a FORTRAN program for Gaussian beam scattering with the localized model and compare its computer run time on a personal computer with that of a traditional Mie scattering program and with three other published methods for computing Gaussian beam scattering. We show that the analytical form of the beam-shape coefficients makes evident the fact that the excitation rate of morphology-dependent resonances is greatly enhanced for far off-axis incidence of the Gaussian beam.
EPConDB: a web resource for gene expression related to pancreatic development, beta-cell function and diabetes

EPConDB (http://www.cbil.upenn.edu/EPConDB) is a public web site that supports research in diabetes, pancreatic development and beta-cell function by providing information about genes expressed in cells of the pancreas. EPConDB displays expression profiles for individual genes and information about transcripts, promoter elements and transcription factor binding sites. Gene expression results are obtained from studies examining tissue expression, pancreatic development and growth, differentiation of insulin-producing cells, islet or beta-cell injury, and genetic models of impaired beta-cell function. The expression datasets are derived using different microarray platforms, including the BCBC PancChips and Affymetrix gene expression arrays. Other datasets include semi-quantitative RT–PCR and MPSS expression studies. For selected microarray studies, lists of differentially expressed genes, derived from PaGE analysis, are displayed on the site. EPConDB provides database queries and tools to examine the relationship between a gene, its transcriptional regulation, protein function and expression in pancreatic tissues.
CONGENITAL ANEURYSM OF THE MEMBRANOUS PORTION OF THE VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; A CAUSE FOR HOLOSYSTOLIC MURMURS.

A case of an isolated aneurysm of the ventricular septum with a loud holosystolic murmur at the fourth left interspace is presented. The origin of the murmur is ascribed to the aneurysm of the ventricular septum.
In situ phase transformation and deformation of iron at high pressure and temperature

With a membrane based mechanism to allow for pressure change in a sample in a radial diffraction diamond anvil cell and simultaneous infrared laser heating, it is now possible to investigate texture changes during deformation and phase transformations over a wide range of temperature-pressure conditions. The device is used to study bcc (α), fcc (γ), and hcp (e) iron. In bcc iron, room temperature compression generates a texture characterized by (100) and (111) poles parallel to the compression direction. During the deformation induced phase transformation to hcp iron, a subset of orientations is favored to transform to the hcp structure first and generate a texture of (011¯0) at high angles to the compression direction. Upon further deformation, the remaining grains transform, resulting in a texture that obeys the Burgers relationship of (110)bcc//(0001)hcp. Contrary to these results for low temperature, at high temperature texture is developed through dominant pyramidal ⟨a+c⟩ {21¯1¯2} ⟨21¯1¯3⟩ and basal ...
AN ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTER ASSISTED SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING OF TERMINAL AREA OPERATIONS

A methodology is proposed for sequencing and scheduling of aircraft in high density terminal areas. Termed Constrained Position Shifting (CPS), this methodology is examined and its effectiveness tested. Potential capacity improvements are noted over the First-Come, First-Served, Runway (FCFS-RW) strategy, especially during peak periods.
PHC3, a component of the hPRC-H complex, associates with E2F6 during G0 and is lost in osteosarcoma tumors.

PHC3, a component of the hPRC-H complex, associates with E2F6 during G 0 and is lost in osteosarcoma tumors
Industrial applications of cubic equations of state for VLE calculations, with emphasis on H2 systems

Abstract The use of the Soave and Joffe-Zudkevitch modifications of the Redlich-Kwong and the Peng-Robinson equations in vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations is examined generally and then specifically for H 2 -containing binaries and ternaries. Several procedures for handling H 2 are also examined. Although the Joffe-Zudkevitch modification gives the best fit of the binary VLE data, all cubic equations of state examined give similar predictions for cryogenic ternary systems. However, the Joffe-Zudkevitch modification retains its advantage for high-temperature ternary systems. Improved prediction of ternary VLE data may require adjustment in the binary interaction constants.
Dis/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): theorizing at the intersections of race and dis/ability

In this article, we combine aspects of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Disability Studies (DS) to propose a new theoretical framework that incorporates a dual analysis of race and ability: Dis/ability Critical Race Studies, or DisCrit. We first examine some connections between the interdependent constructions of race and dis/ability in education and society in the United States and why we find it necessary to add another branch to Critical Race Theory and Disability Studies. Next, we outline the tenets of DisCrit, calling attention to its potential value as well as elucidate some tensions, cautions, and current limitations within DisCrit. Finally, we suggest ways in which DisCrit can be used in relation to moving beyond the contemporary impasse of researching race and dis/ability within education and other fields.
Nanoparticles in Lysine−Silica Sols

Identification of nanoparticles in lysine−silica mixtures by SAXS analysis and cryo-TEM (see image) is reported. Initial stages of formation mimic that for tetrapropylammonium− and other alkylammonium−silica nanoparticles. The tunable porosity and morphology of thin films and gels synthesized from these sols have potential implications for novel biocompatible silicates and nanocomposites.
Linkage Groups II and XII of the Mouse: Cytological Localization by Fluorochrome Staining

The T(2;12) 163H translocation involves two chromosomes which carry the two groups of genes known as linkage groups II and XII. Staining with quinacrine mustard reveals that these chromosomes are numbers 10 and 19 of the fluorescent karyotype of the normal mouse. Linkage group II is assigned to chromosome 10, linkage group XII to chromosome 19.
Sexual questions and comments on a spinal cord injury service

Fifty-one staff members in a spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation setting rated 47 sexual questions and comments with which they might be confronted by SCI patients on the basis of the amount of discomfort they would feel. The subjects indicated which of the situations had occurred to them. Finally, for 31 of the items, the staff rated on a 5-point scale how informed they were to deal with the situations. The most highly rated situations are presented, as well as interrelationships among the various ratings, demographic variables, and professional disciplines.
Task models for human-computer collaboration in supervisory control of teams of autonomous systems

Supervisory control of complex teams of autonomous systems, itself may require levels of autonomous decision making. A single human operator or a small number of operators attempting to maintain situational awareness and control over a large number of autonomous units may require automated assistance in overseeing such a team. This assistance may range from attention management services to outright automated control. We are developing such a capability to assist human controllers of automated vehicles. The core of the capability lies in a task model that includes information about the computer's ability to perform a task as well as the ability of the human operator. Including risk of automation in the calculation allows us to trade off risk and capability. Values can be learned through simulation and live operations. This paper describes the task models being used, the measure of automation risk, the composite metric used to make trade-off decisions and briefly describes the process of learning the critical values.
Overview of ARIES-RS neutronics and radiation shielding: key issues and main conclusions

The neutronics and radiation shielding issues were assessed for the ARIES-RS power plant. The assessment addresses the breeding level, service lifetime, radiation damage, shielding requirements and design, and personnel protection. Major efforts were devoted to fulfil the top-level requirements which include the demonstration of a closed tritium fuel cycle, generation of no radioactive waste greater than Class C, and production of electricity at a competitive cost. The material optimization was one of the themes of this study as it influences the neutronics results and helps meet the requirements while minimizing cost. An important outcome of the neutronics and shielding analyses is the specification of the radial builds that contain key component parameters in terms of sizes and optimal compositions. The shielding system comprises a major element of the fusion power core (FPC). The primary function of the shield is radiation protection: protection of superconducting magnets, vacuum vessel, workers and the public. As an element of the power core, the bulk shield meets other requirements for power production and service lifetime. In addition, it serves as a heat sink for the FW/blanket decay heat during a loss-of-coolant accident. All shielding elements are integrated with the remainder of the FPC to meet the assembly, mechanical support and attachments, and maintenance requirements. The system requirements developed for the shield stem from these essential shielding functions. The work reported herein illustrates the strong impact of numerous factors (such as service lifetime, blanket segmentation, shield optimization, radial builds, and unit costs of materials) on the economics of power production.
Efficient Data Migration in Self-managing Storage Systems

Self-managing storage systems automate the tasks of detecting hotspots and triggering data migration to alleviate them. This paper argues that existing data migration techniques do not minimize data copying overhead incurred during reconfiguration, which in turn impacts application performance. We propose a novel technique that automatically detects hotspots and uses the bandwidth-to-space ratio metric to greedily reconfigure the system while minimizing the resulting data copying overhead. We validate our technique with simulations and a prototype implemented into the Linux Kernel. Our prototype and simulations show our algorithm successfully eliminates hotspots with a factor of two reduction in data copying overhead compared to other approaches.
Reflections: Doing Biographical Research

Both Producers Research and High-Grade Living declare He was fully sensible to the advantages of the Installment Plan And had everything necessary to the Modern Man, A phonograph, radio, a car and a frigidaire. Our researchers into Public Opinion are content That he held the proper opinions for the time of year; When there was peace, he was for peace; when there was war, he went. He was married and added five children to the population, Which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his generation, And our teachers report that he never interfered with their education. Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard.
Public Support for Military Interventions across Levels of Political Information and Stages of Intervention: The Case of the Iraq War

This study examines the effect of political information levels and intervention stages on the formation and continuity of public support for military interven- tions by analyzing survey data pertaining to the 2003 military intervention in Iraq. The results show that before and immediately after the launch of the inter- vention, politically uninformed individuals expressed higher support for the war compared to politically informed ones. However, as the intervention proceeded and casualties were incurred, higher rates of decrease in support were observed among the politically uninformed. Politically informed individuals, on the other hand, demonstrated more stable levels of support throughout the course of the intervention.
Online least-squares estimation of time varying systems with sparse temporal evolution and application to traffic estimation

Using least-squares with an l 1 -norm penalty is well-known to encourage sparse solutions. In this article, we propose an algorithm that performs online least-squares estimation of a time varying system with a l 1 -norm penalty on the variations of the state estimate, leading to state estimates that exhibit few “jumps” over time. The algorithm analytically computes a path to update the state estimate as a new observation becomes available. The algorithm performs computationally efficient and numerically robust state estimation for time varying systems in which the dynamics are slow compared to the sampling rate. We use the algorithm for arterial traffic estimation with streaming probe vehicle data provided by the Mobile Millennium system and show a significant improvement in the estimation capabilities compared to a baseline model of traffic estimation. The estimation framework filters out the inherent noise of traffic dynamics and improves the interpretability and accuracy of the results. Results from an implementation in San Francisco on a network of more than 800 links using a fleet of 500 taxis sending their location every minute illustrate the possibility to use the algorithm to solve important practical estimation problems.
Control of networked discrete event systems

In this paper, we investigate supervisory control of networked discrete event systems. Such systems are now widely used in practice. The key feature of a networked discrete event system is communication delays and losses in observation and control. Without addressing communication delays and losses in networked systems, no control will be effective. We propose to use some special observation mappings to deal with observation delays and losses. Based on these mappings, we define network observability. We also consider control delays in networked discrete event systems and define network controllability. We show that these definitions capture precisely the requirements on effective supervisory control in networked discrete event systems in the sense that a networked supervisor exists if and only if both network controllability and network observability are satisfied.
Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren

Lineare Gleichungen Ax = b ruhren von Gleichgewichtsproblemen her. Eigenwerte sind am wichtigsten bei dynamischen Problemen. Deren Losungen andern sich mit der Zeit — sie wachsen, sie klingen ab, oder sie oszillieren. Solche Losungen lassen sich mit dem Eliminationsverfahren nicht bestimmen In diesem Kapitel begegnen wir einem ganz neuen Teil der linearen Algebra. Dabei werden alle Matrizen quadratische Matrizen sein.
Moisture content estimation in paper pulp using fringing field impedance spectroscopy

Currently used methods for estimation of moisture content in paper pulp are restricted to levels of moisture concentration below 90%. Some of the existing methods require less practical double-sided contact measurements. A few other methods make restrictive assumptions, such as the constituents of the pulp that determine its conductance. This paper presents a technique that uses fringing field interdigital sensors to measure moisture concentration in paper pulp at levels as high as 96%. The method proposed in this paper uses single-sided measurements, offers high sensitivity, and does not require special operating conditions. The accuracy of the proposed method is also demonstrated. The repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor measurements are also shown.
Reinforcement Learning for Thermal-aware Many-core Task Allocation

To maintain reliable operation, task allocation for many-core processors must consider the heat interaction of processor cores and network-on-chip routers in performing task assignment. Our approach employs reinforcement learning, machine learning algorithm that performs task allocation based on current core and router temperatures and a prediction of which assignment will minimize maximum temperature in the future. The algorithm updates prediction models after each allocation based on feedback regarding the accuracy of previous predictions. Our new algorithm is verified via detailed many-core simulation which includes on-chip routing. Our results show that the proposed technique is fast (scheduling performed in
The power and perils of 'molecular taxonomy': a case study of eyeless and endangered Cicurina (Araneae: Dictynidae) from Texas caves

Rapid development in karst-rich regions of the US state of Texas has prompted the listing of four Cicurina species (Araneae, Dictynidae) as US Federally Endangered. A major constraint in the management of these taxa is the extreme rarity of adult specimens, which are required for accurate species identification. We report a first attempt at using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to accurately identify immature Cicurina specimens. This identification is founded on a phylogenetic framework that is anchored by identified adult and/ or topotypic specimens. Analysis of ~1 kb of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1) mtDNA data for over 100 samples results in a phylogenetic tree that includes a large number of distinctive, easily recognizable, tip clades. These tip clades almost always correspond to a priori species hypotheses, and show nonoverlapping patterns of sequence divergence, making it possible to place species names on a number of immature specimens. Three cases of inconsistency between recovered tip clades and a priori species hypotheses suggest possible introgression between cave-dwelling Cicurina , or alternatively, species synonymy. Although species determination is not possible in these instances, the inconsistencies point to areas of taxonomic ambiguity that require further study. Our molecular phylogenetic sample is largest for the Federally Endangered C. madla . These data suggest that C. madla occurs in more than twice the number of caves as previously reported, and indicate the possible synonymy of C. madla with C. vespera, which is also Federally Endangered. Network analyses reveal considerable genetic divergence and structuring across caves in this species. Although the use of DNA sequences to identify previously ‘unidentifiable’ specimens illustrates the potential power of molecular data in taxonomy, many other aspects of the same dataset speak to the necessity of a balanced taxonomic approach.
Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Two Geropsychiatric Inpatient Units

One hundred males from a Veterans Affairs geropsychiatric inpatient ward, and 100 females from a geropsychiatric inpatient ward of a private hospital completed the Structured Interview for Disorders of Personality-Revised (SIDP-R). Chart reviews provided information including age, years of education, marital status, race, as well as Axis I and Axis II psychiatric diagnoses. Data from a young adult sample, drawn from an initial SIDP-R validation study, were used for comparison. Results indicate a 56.5% rate of personality disorders (PD) for older patients. Significantly more elderly men than elderly women were diagnosed with PD by psychiatric evaluation, and elderly men were also more likely to be diagnosed with paranoid, avoidant, and multiple PD using the SIDP-R. Psychiatrists gave far fewer Axis II diagnoses than were yielded by the SIDP-R, particularly with females. There were no significant differences in total PD rates between aged and young subjects, but older adults with PD were diagnosed less freq...
‘To obtain his soul’: Demonic Desire for the Soul in Marlowe and Others

Mephistopheles manifests a keen desire for Faustus's soul in Marlowe's play: 'O, what will I not do to obtain his soul?' This desire is consistent with attitudes expressed by stage devils from the beginning of English drama to the closing of the theatres in 1642. Devils speak and act in accordance with Mephistopheles' desire in pre-Reformation morality plays such as The Castle of Perseverance (1380-1425) and Wisdom (1400-1450), as well as in the Calvinist morality play The Conflict of Conscience (1570-1581). The tradition persisted even after the establishment of commercial theatres near London: it is alluded to in Othello and Macbeth , and it reappears in The Virgin Martyr (1620) virtually unchanged from its first appearance in the early fifteenth century. Despite brilliant conformity to the received tradition, Dr Faustus is anomalous in creating a skeptical and deconstructive context that effectively subverts the orthodox meaning of the tradition. Marlowe disguised his skepticism successfully beneath a veil of orthodox damnation, and assumptions were too deeply seated to recognize what he had done – much less to imitate it.
Zanamivir and Oseltamivir: Two New Options for the Treatment and Prevention of Influenza

Abstract Background: Influenza infection is responsible for thousands of hospitalizations and deaths in the United States each year. Until recently, management options were limited to vaccination or use of the antiviral agents amantadine and rimantadine. Two antiviral drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of influenza A and influenza B. Objective: This article reviews the published data on the pharmacology and clinical utility of zanamivir and oseltamivir in the treatment and prevention of influenza A and influenza B illness. Methods: To identify relevant literature, a search of MEDLINE ® , International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and the Iowa Drug Information Service was conducted for the period from 1969 to 2000. The search terms used were influenza, neuraminidase, zanamivir, oseltamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine . The reference lists of the articles so obtained were used to identify additional publications. Results: Zanamivir and oseltamivir inactive viral neuraminidase, an enzyme responsible for cleaving sialic acid residues on newly formed virions as they bud off from the host cell. This inhibition results in aggregation of virions on the surface of the host cell, which limits the extent of infection and speeds recovery from illness. Clinical studies have shown that neuraminidase inhibitors can decrease the median duration of influenza-related symptoms by ≈1 day if initiated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms of influenza. Conclusions: Evidence supports the use of zanamivir and oseltamivir in the treatment of influenza; however, additional studies are needed to clarify their utility and tolerability in pediatric and high-risk patients, as well as their utility in the prevention of influenza.
Nonlinear convection in a porous layer with finite conducting boundaries

The problem of finite-amplitude thermal convection in a porous layer with finite conducting boundaries is investigated. The nonlinear problem of three-dimensional convection is solved by expanding the dependent variables in terms of powers of the amplitude of convection. The preferred mode of convection is determined by a stability analysis in which arbitrary infinitesimal disturbances are superimposed on the steady solutions. Square-flow-pattern convection is found to be preferred in a bounded region [Gcy ] in the (γ b , γ t )-space, where γ b and γ t are the ratios of the thermal conductivities of the lower and upper boundaries to that of the fluid. Two-dimensional rolls are found to be the preferred pattern outside [Gcy ]. The qualitative features of the convection problem appear to be essentially symmetric with respect to γ b and γ t . The dependence of the heat transported by convection on γ b and γ t is computed for the various solutions analysed in the paper.
Mother–Child Bookreading in Low‐Income Families: Correlates and Outcomes During the First Three Years of Life

About half of 2,581 low-income mothers reported reading daily to their children. At 14 months, the odds of reading daily increased by the child being firstborn or female. At 24 and 36 months, these odds increased by maternal verbal ability or education and by the child being firstborn or of Early Head Start status. White mothers read more than did Hispanic or African American mothers. For English-speaking children, concurrent reading was associated with vocabulary and comprehension at 14 months, and with vocabulary and cognitive development at 24 months. A pattern of daily reading over the 3 data points for English-speaking children and daily reading at any 1 data point for Spanish-speaking children predicted children's language and cognition at 36 months. Path analyses suggest reciprocal and snowballing relations between maternal bookreading and children's vocabulary.
Role of renal nerves in response to volume expansion in conscious newborn lambs

The present study was designed to determine the influence of renal nerves in mediating the renal response to volume expansion in conscious newborn lambs. Bilateral renal denervation (n = 9) or sham surgery (n = 14) was carried out in newborn lambs 3 to 4 days before performing experiments. Lambs were between 6 and 12 days of age when studied. Chronic denervation did not alter basal neonatal renal function nor renal hemodynamics. Volume expansion with isotonic saline equal to 5% of body weight was associated with a fall in hematocrit and an increase in mean arterial blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and Na+ excretion in intact and denervated lambs. In intact lambs, atrial natriuretic factor increased from 98 +/- 28 to 176 +/- 48 ng/ml during volume expansion and remained elevated for 1 h after volume expansion. In addition, plasma renin activity fell from 21 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 1 ng.ml-1.h-1 and aldosterone levels fell from 160 +/- 24 to 59 +/- 7 pg/ml by 150 min after the start of volume expansion. Similar changes in atrial natriuretic factor, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were observed in denervated lambs. However, the increase in glomerular filtration rate, Na+ excretion, and fractional excretion of Na+ after volume expansion were significantly less in denervated than in intact lambs. Thus, in the newborn, the renal nerves do not appear to play a role in influencing basal renal hemodynamics and renal function but, as in the adult, the renal sympathetic nervous system does play a role in regulating fluid and electrolyte excretion during hypervolemia.
Langmuir Circulation and Instability

Langmuir circulations are a powerful mechanism of vertical mixing in natural bodies of water, driven by wind and waves. They are important in establishing the mixed layer and pycnocline of the oceanic boundary layer. They affect the atmosphere-ocean exchange of momentum, heat and gases, as well as, indirectly, the global ocean circulation and climate. The generation mechanism of Langmuir circulations is an instability caused by interaction between the Stokes drift transport of surface waves and the wind-induced current, but Langmuir circulations may also be viewed as a distinct form of turbulence, named Langmuir turbulence. These two perspectives are outlined here.
The Challenge of Hedge Fund Regulation

Currently en vogue concerns about hedge funds are not nearly as substantial as is often claimed. Moreover, the funds themselves are reducing their risks to investors and the broader markets, in accordance with investor demands. As hedge funds benefit the broader market by mitigating price downturns, bearing risks that others will not, making securities more liquid, and ferreting out inefficiencies, policymakers should consider whether stricter regulation of hedge funds could do more harm than good.
Transfers of Control and the Quest for Efficiency: Can Delaware Law Encourage Efficient Transactions While Chilling Inefficient Ones?

This article begins with an evaluation of the inventory of legal doctrines that courts use to review and regulate control transactions, specifically whether or not these doctrines may be utilized to distinguish efficient from inefficient transactions. Next, the article examines the likelihood of inefficient control transfers, and considers the economic arguments both for and against a proportionate value standard of valuation. The article also addresses the problems of implementation of a proportionate value standard, and considers what proportionate value should mean when the potential for synergy leads insiders to seek to expel the public shareholders. In sum, this article does not seek to challenge the rule that a seller may receive a control premium, but it does seek to focus on whether the legitimacy of the control premium has any necessary corollary for the valuation of minority shares.
Relative Equilibria in Mechanical Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some of the ideas in Smale's papers on topology and mechanics. It reviews some of the proofs and generalizes some of the theorems. The chapter illustrates Lagrange's equation for a mechanical system. It reviews some generalities of G-manifolds and defines the momentum and show that it is an invariant of the motion. Relative equilibria correspond to critical points of a certain function on state space. Under a nondegeneracy hypothesis, the relative equilibria, considered as points in phase space, are precisely the critical points of the energy–momentum function. This result is essentially found for the special case of the planar n-body problem. The chapter discusses to the n-body problem and then to the planar n-body problem. The computations show where the difficulties in generalizing the results to the three-dimensional case lies.
Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring and tocodynamometry in routine obstetrical care, fetal stress and non-stress testing, and labor induction in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).

The use of continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine pressure monitoring in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) by external Doppler transducer and tocodynamometer is described in 1) the routine obstetrical assessment of fetal well-being, 2) oxytocin challenge (stress) testing (OCT) and non-stress testing (NST) for the diagnosis of in utero fetal distress, and 3) induction of labor by intravenous oxytocin infusion, by surgical rupture of the chorio-amniotic membranes (amniotomy), or by a combination of these techniques, as an alternative to Caesarean section for clinical, managemental, or experimental purposes. FHR traces were analyzed during a total of 57 term pregnancies for three basic characteristics: baseline rate, variability, and periodic pattern. Results indicated that continuous FHR monitoring in the chimpanzee can provide a valuable tool for fetal assessment and management of labor in any attempt to reduce the unacceptably high annual incidence of perinatal and neonatal infant mortality reported in the U.S.