cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple model adaptive control of a large flexible space structure with purposeful dither for enhanced identifiability

Dithering techniques for enhancing uncertain parameter identification with moving-bank multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) and control (MMAC) algorithms are analyzed. The dithering techniques and multiple-model adaptive algorithms are applied to the SPICE 2 flexible space structure. The dithering techniques studied include purposefully constructed square wave, sine wave and wideband noise wave forms. The impact of purposeful rigid-body slew commands on exciting the structure's flexible bending modes is also investigated. Dither inputs into the structure are performed in an effort to enhance the open-loop identifiability of the uncertain parameter, namely a scalar multiplier on the undamped natural frequencies of the flexible bending modes. Correct identification of this parameter enables the MMAE and MMAC algorithms to quell any vibrations induced into the structure, in the face of varying parameter values. The results studied indicate that purposefully constructed dither signals enhance parameter identification significantly. >
Pulse distortion analysis techniques

To guarantee high-speed performance, the highest reliable operating frequency of a logic function must be determined. The pulsewidth distortion (PWD) characteristics of logic circuits determine this frequency. Sound system design practice requires that this frequency be accurately determined during the logic design. Pulsewidth distortion in several sample logic nets was studied with a circuit simulator, a logic chain pulse statistical analysis program, and hardware. The authors evaluate the PWD simulation of several representative logic nets on a VLSI chip and correlate the results to hardware data. The relationships between parameters are used to construct circuit simulations of PWD in ASTAP (the IBM circuit performance simulator) and to develop PWD tables for the pulse statistical analysis program. The results obtained show that PWD is accurately predicted with either ASTAP or the pulse statistical analysis program tool. >
Distribution and size of imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) mounds in recently invaded ball-and-burlap nurseries in Tennessee.

A study was undertaken to describe size and distribution of imported fire ant mounds in south-central Tennessee ball-and-burlap plant nurseries to (1) improve survey and control measures and (2) assess the feasibility of airborne remote sensing for mound detection. Mounds were most numerous along roadsides and road cuts. Mounds in planted areas were larger than mounds along roadsides and road cuts, and mounds in open, grassy areas were of intermediate size (mean above-ground volume = 8.14, 4.36 and 5.32 L, respectively). An examination of mound size distribution in nursery landscapes indicated colony age-structure may not be consistent between landscape-date combinations, and mean mound size was smaller in July 2004 than in October 2003.
The Hon. Diane P. Wood and the Case of the Missing Commission

A tribute to Chief Judge Diane P. Wood via a short memoir about the loss of her judicial commission, and her handling of its replacement and framing.
El proceso de alienación del hombre moderno en Manuscrito hallado en un bolsillo, de Julio Cortázar

Este articulo trata algunos de los temas destacados en la obra de Julio Cortazar, que han de aparecer como constantes en su obra y al mismo tiempo, en cada texto estos temas van adquiriendo un peso distinto, creando una atmosfera propia del autor pero siempre unica. En el caso de “Manuscrito hallado en un bolsillo” se analizan el juego, el azar, algunos simbolos como el laberinto y se muestra como estos elementos se convierten en una parte importante de los personajes que representan al hombre alienado de la modernidad.
Airborne Imaging Spectrometer - An advanced concept instrument

The Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) is a multispectral infrared imaging instrument utilizing a 32- x 32-element mercury-cadmium-telluride detector array to achieve high spatial resolution. A novel optical design provides high spectral resolution, and, in conjunction with the 32-element spatial resolution, makes optimal use of the capabilities of the area array. The experiment requirements and the details of instrument design, implementation, and calibration are presented. The superior resolution, accuracy, and data acquisition rate of this sensor/instrument concept for reconnaissance and geophysical survey is detailed and plans for upgrading/improving the instrument and future applications of this design concept are discussed.
Reading profiles for adults with low-literacy: cluster analysis with power and speeded measures

The United States’ National Institute for Literacy’s (NIFL) review of adult literacy instruction research recommended adult education (AE) programs assess underlying reading abilities in order to plan appropriate instruction for low-literacy learners. This study developed adult reading ability groups using measures from power tests and speeded tests of phonemic decoding, word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. A multiple cluster analysis of these reading ability scores from 295 low-literacy AE participants yielded seven reading ability groups. These groups are described in terms of instructional needs relevant to an instructor’s planning and activities.
Distant effects of locally injected botulinum toxin : A double blind study of single fiber EMG changes

We used single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) to study 42 patients who had enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial undertaken to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection of neck muscles to treat torticollis. SFEMG in a limb muscle was performed before treatment, 2, and 12 weeks after injection of placebo or BTX. Before treatment, the mean jitter was 26.8 microsec in patients who were to receive BTX, and 25.7 microsec in the placebo group. Two weeks after injection, mean jitter in the group receiving BTX was 43.6 microsec. In the placebo group, it was 26.5 microsec (P = less than .05). Twelve weeks after injection, mean jitter in the BTX group was 35.5; for the placebo group it was 24.5. Fiber density did not change in any patient during the study. There were no remote clinical effects of BTX. Injection of BTX into muscles affected with focal dystonia is a promising and safe treatment, but there are subclinical effects on uninjected muscles.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes expressed in mouse skeletal muscle

To understand changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism in muscle disease states, the expression of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes in normal mouse leg muscle was examined. Four subcellular fractions were generated by differential centrifugation at 10 000 × g and 100 000 × g. cAMP PDE activity was found predominately in the soluble fractions, while cGMP PDE activity was more evenly distributed amongst soluble and particulate fractions. Pharmacological inhibitors demonstrate that PDE4 represents the major cAMP hydrolyzing activity and PDE2 represents the major cGMP hydrolyzing activity in mouse leg muscle. PDE1 is expressed at low levels, while PDE3 and PDE5 are intermediate. Between 20 and 40% of total PDE activity remained in the presence of inhibitors for PDE1PDE5, indicating that other PDE families contribute to the total PDE pool. Reverse-transcription PCR with family-specific primers showed expression of mRNA for PDE7PDE9, supporting this conclusion. Total PDE activity was found to be elevated in ti...
Molecular Beam Epitaxical Growth of AlxGa1-xAs on non- Planar Patterned GaAs (100)

We have examined some aspects of inter-facet migration during molecular beam epitaxical(MBE) growth of AlxGa1-xAs on patterned GaAs (100) substrates. Scanning and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy are employed to examine the evolution of the growth front profile. We observe significant inter facet migration from {311}/{411} facets which originate from the terrace edges to the flat terrace region. The migration length of cations on these facets is at least 0.9 μm for GaAs growth while for A10.5Ga0.5As it is less than 0.3 μm. We also observe a decreasing inter- facet migration rate with increasing growth. This interfacet migration is exploited for in situ, growth kinetics controlled, creation of laterally confined quantum well structures on the top terrace region and photoluminescence results for these structures are presented.
Drosophila as a Novel Therapeutic Discovery Tool for Thyroid Cancer

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN2) is a rare but aggressive cancer for which no effective treatment currently exists. A Drosophila model was developed to identify novel genetic...
A meta-analysis of the effects of Internet- and computer-based cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety

Internet-and computer-based cognitive-behavioral treatments have been introduced as novel approaches to deliver standard, quality treatment that may reduce barriers to care. The purpose of this review is to quantitatively summarize the literature examining the treatment effects of Internet- or computer-based treatment (ICT) on anxiety. Nineteen randomized controlled ICT trials were identified and subjected to fixed and random effects meta-analytic techniques. Weighted mean effect sizes (Cohen's d) showed that ICT was superior to waitlist and placebo assignment across outcome measures (ds=.49–1.14). The effects of ICT also were equal to therapist-delivered treatment across anxiety disorders. However, conclusions were limited by small sample sizes, the rare use of placebo controls, and other methodological problems. In addition, the number of available studies limited the opportunity to conduct analyses by diagnostic group; there was preliminary support for the use of ICT for panic disorder and phobia. Large, well-designed, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm and extend the results of this meta-analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–21, 2009.
Purification of thrombospondin from human platelets

Thrombospondins are a rapidly growing family of adhesive proteins that have diverse activities to modulate cellular growth, motility, and gene expression. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP) was the first identified member of this family and is the major form of thrombospondin in human platelets. A method is described to prepare TSP from human platelets in biologically active form with minimal degradation or contamination with other platelet proteins.
Initial Planning for Interferometry Measurements on Triggered Plasma Opening Switch Source

The Triggered Plasma Opening Switch (TPOS) at SNL is a unique device that exploits the high conductivity and low mass properties of plasma. The TPOS's objective is to take the initial ~0.8 MA (~250 ns rise time) storage inductor current and deliver ~0.5 MA at ~2.4 MV (~10 ns rise time) to a load of ~5-10 Omega. Configuration advantages include low current jitter and resistive voltage drop, power gain, and minimization of trigger input power as the result of using two stages in series. This two-stage design is novel and is the first to demonstrate operation of magnetically triggered stages. Study of TPOS characteristics is in progress via an offline interferometer diagnostic; specifically, a laser interferometer will be used to make density measurements of the source plasma. It is thought that the gross plasma source density is ~1014 cm-3, but details of the spatial structure and temporal evolution have not previously been studied. In order to better understand switch operation, these details are essential. Presently two interferometer systems are planned for testing: a temporary 1 mum system for initial plasma characterization, and a 10.6 mum laser system for routine use. We will start with a single chord measurement then upgrade to a multi-chord system. Future plans involve varying plasma source parameters, such as magnetic field strength and plasma fill time, in order to understand the density dependence on these parameters. Improved knowledge of the plasma source density behavior should allow for improved switch operation.
Revisiting Licensed Handgun Carrying: Personal Protection or Interpersonal Liability?

No debate is more sensitive or polemical than the question of “gun rights” in the U.S., and licensing private citizens to carry concealed handguns is the most controversial “right” of all. The morally charged nature of this controversy is reflected in the disparate results reported by various researchers who analyze the effects of these laws, and also by the especially intense methodological scrutiny that follows published research. A National Science Academy review of existing gun policy research issues methodological recommendations which may help resolve scientifically the question of whether or how “right to carry” licensing effects rates of lethal firearm violence. Similar efforts have been published previously, but this study improves upon those earlier efforts by increasing the sample cross-section, by further refining the model specification, and by distinguishing conceptually “shall issue” RTC laws from “may issue” RTC laws. The results provisionally suggest that the former increases homicide rates whereas the latter decreases them.
Conservative motion of a discrete, dodecahedral gyroscope

A gyroscope is simulated as a discrete, rigid body in rotation by introduction of a molecular mechanics type formulation. The model incorporates the popular engineering lumped mass technique, so that molecules are aggregated into particles at the vertices. The conservative dynamical differential equations are solved numerically in such a fashion that all the system invariants continue to be invariants. A variety of examples are described and discussed, revealing precession and nutation.
Effect of cytoplasm of Solanum violaceum Ort. on fertility of eggplant (S. melongena L.)

Abstract In order to develop a male sterile eggplant, alloplasmic lines of eggplant were produced by crossing Solanum violaceum (♀) with S. melongena (♂), and then backcrossing repeatedly to S. melongena (♂), until the BC 4 generation. Analyses of chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA confirmed that the cytoplasm of these BC 4 plants was that of S. violaceum . The pollen stainability remained low in all backcrosses, although there were high frequencies of 12 bivalents at meiotic metaphase I and the numbers of seeds per fruit increased in successive generations. The anthers of some BC 1 and BC 2 plants, and all BC 3 and BC 4 plants did not open to release pollen. Both this and the low pollen fertility are attributed to disharmony between the cytoplasm of S. violaceum and the nuclear genes of S. melongena . These alloplasmic eggplants with cytoplasmic male sterility are potentially valuable for simplifying and reducing the cost of developing new F 1 cultivars of eggplants.
Reading the Field: Some Consequences of the Differing Legibility of Institutional Arrangements

Institutional research often seems to contain an implicit assumption that actors are capable of understanding institutional prescriptions and logics without difficulty; and that institutional presc...
Cellular growth in human placenta: II. Diabetes mellitus*

Placentas from 10 diabetic and 7 prediabetic women were analyzed for total weight, protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA). Placentas from all 7 prediabetic and 2 diabetic patients with poorly controlled disease were large for gestational age, whereas those from 8 patients with well-controlled diabetes were at the upper limits of normal in size. However, when compared to fetal weight, all the placentas were at the lower limits of normal. All placentas contained normal quantities of DNA, RNA, and protein for placentas of comparable weight. The increase in placental size is due to an increased number of cells of usual size.
Response to Intervention and Current Implementation

Abstract Response to Intervention (RTI) implementation is becoming more widespread due to the references of RTI components in the Federal Regulations. But everyone is not at the same level of under...
Hope Lost or Hyped Lust? Gendered Representations of 1980s Britain in Margaret Drabble's The Radiant Way and Martin Amis's Money

Abstract Perhaps no political era in twentieth-century Britain has yielded a more hyperbolic and vitriolic crop of literary rebuttals than the years under the Thatcher government. In numerous novels, plays, and poems, the culture of 1980s Britain and its people are represented in terms of extremes: rich and poor, empowered and victimized, enlightened and ignorant, enthusiastic and embittered. For the most part, the literary output of the period is marked by neither reticence nor subtlety: it reflects a time in which the more extroverted genres, such as black comedy, political allegory, and social satire, were most successful in making their voices heard. Regardless of its ideological position, much of the literature of the 1980s revels in outrage, both moral and mirthful, a stance that has produced works that differ widely in tone and tenor.
PAROTID SALIVA-SERUM RATIOS OF CA-47 IN MAN FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF THE ISOTOPE.

Summary1. Ca47 was administered intravenously to 10 normal adults, and serum and parotid salivas were obtained at intervals during a 24-hour period. 2. The parotid saliva-serum specific ratio was near unity one hour after administration of the isotope to the 5 males. 3. The females appeared to “concentrate” Ca47 in the parotid saliva particularly during the first 2 hours after intravenous administration of Ca47. All succeeding ratios were no more than 10% greater than unity.
Estimation of gestational age and maternal serum steroid concentrations. Unconjugated estriol.

Abstract Inflection points superimposed on the usual increase of maternal serum unconjugated estriol during the 35–37 week interval have been reported as indicators of gestational age. A commercially available radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate patients concentrating on this period of pregnancy in an attempt to confirm a surge phenomenon. No statistically significant variations from the predicted regression lines were reproducibly demonstrated.
Re‐Evaluation of Glass Viscosities at Annealing and Strain Points

A review is presented of the early work which led to the present definitions of the annealing and strain points. New tests on the same primary standards, with modem apparatus and corrections applied for expansion, indicate that the definitions should be modified. A recommendation is put forth regarding such redefinitions, by which the viscosities at the annealing and strain points would be 1013.00 and 1014.60 poises, respectively, during cooling at 4°C. per minute.
Development of a novel bioengineered tissue model and its application in the investigation of the depth selectivity of polarization-gating

Recently, there has been significant interest in using polarization gating to selectively probe superficial tissue to facilitate the diagnosis of epithelial neoplasia. Thus, understanding the propagation of polarized light in tissue in general and the mechanisms of polarization gating in particular are crucial for biomedical optics applications. However, these investigations have been impeded in part by the lack of realistic tissue models that can replicate both the morphological complexity and the optical properties of biological tissue. Here we report the development of a novel bioengineered connective tissue model to study light transport in tissue. This tissue model was fabricated by combination of scaffolding and crosslinking techniques. It demonstrates great similarity to real connective tissue in its optical properties and microarchitecture. Moreover, the physical and optical properties of the model can be reproducibly controlled. As an example, we demonstrated the application of this tissue model in our investigation of the depth sensitivity of polarization-gating. Specifically, we studied the effects of epithelium and connective tissue on the penetration depth of differential polarization signals. Our results indicate that the penetration depth in both epithelial and connective tissues primarily depends on the optical thickness of the tissue: the polarization gated signal probes the superficial layer of tissue up to the optical depth of ~ 2. The corresponding physical penetration depth depends on the specific tissue type and in the connective tissue is about 6 - 7 times shorter than in the epithelium (~ 40 - 50 microns and ~ 200 - 300 microns, respectively).
Interaction between new neoglycoproteins and thed-Man/l-fuc receptor of rabbit alveolar macrophages

New types of neoglycoproteins, β-caseins coupled with ovalbumin-derived asparagine oligosaccharides (AO), aspartate aminotransferase-phosphopyridoxylated AO complex (AAT-PG), and streptavidin-biotinylated AO complex (SA-BAO), were tested for their inhibitory effect on binding of bovine serum albumin derivatized with thiomannoside, Man-AI-BSA [Lee YC, Stowell CP, Krantz MJ (1976) Biochemistry 15:3956–63] by rabbit alveolar macrophages. The β-casein derivatives and the AAT-PG complex increased binding affinity as the number of oligosaccharide chains attached was increased. Their inhibitory potencies were closely related to those of the Man-Al-BSA derivatives [Hoppe CA, Lee YC (1983) J Biol Chem 258:14193–99] on the basis of terminal mannose density. The SA-BAO complex containing three AO chains gave stronger inhibitory potency than the β-casein derivative with three AO residues, suggesting that proper orientation of the oligosaccharides on the protein can affect the receptor-ligand interaction.
Mammalian cochlear genes and hereditary deafness.

Deafness is the most common sensory hereditary disorder. It is a genetically heterogeneous and multifactorial disease affecting approximately 1 infant in 2000. It can be acquired or congenital and can also be syndromic or nonsyndromic. There are approximately 70 genetic loci that have been described for nonsyndromic deafness in humans and 25 auditory-pigmentary diseases in mice. The past 2 years have witnessed remarkable progress in identifying the genes involved in both syndromic and nonsyndromic disorders in humans and mice. Many of these are expressed in the inner ear and are most likely involved in cochlear physiology and development. However, the phenotypic variability in patients carrying the same genetic change, and discrepancies between the phenotypes of mice and humans carrying the same gene defect, emphasize environmental factors and interacting genes in producing the clinical outcome. In the future, molecular understanding of the etiology of the disorder may lead to a cure or delay the onset of...
MULTIPORT NETWORK MODELING APPROACH FOR CAD OF MICROSTRIP PATCHES–Invited Paper

This paper reviews the recently developed multiport network modeling approach for the analysis and the design of microstrip patch antennas. In this approach, the fields in the interior and the exte...
The Treatment of Endobronchial Stenosis Using Balloon Catheter Dilatation

Acquired bronchial stenosis has been associated with sleeve resection, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and prolonged intubation. Various modalities of therapy for the relief of such stenoses include surgery, cryotherapy, and laser photoresection. Several recent reports have described the use of angioplasty balloon catheters for dilatation of stenotic areas. In two patients with endobronchial stenosis, we found that balloon dilatation, using either angioplasty or valvuloplasty catheters, in combination with laser photoresection can be safely and effectively performed with alleviation of pulmonary symptoms.
Pyostomatitis vegetans as an early sign of reactivation of Crohn's disease: a case report.

Background: The structures and lining of the oral cavity are an accessible mirror reflecting the health of an individual. They may play an important role in detecting and monitoring systemic diseases. Certain conditions that primarily affect other regions of the body may cause signs and symptoms in the mouth, either as the initial presenting symptom or in conjunction with other systemic manifestations. Methods: Pyostomatitis vegetans, which occurred in a patient with a history of Crohn's disease, was diagnosed as an early sign of disease reactivation. Results: The patient was treated with a topical fluorinated corticosteroid gel, which led to the improvement of the oral lesions. However, the oral lesions continued to recur over a period of several months until the underlying inflammatory bowel disease came under control. Conclusions: This report emphasizes the relationship of pyostomatitis vegetans to inflammatory bowel disease and the importance of the oral lesions as initial presenting signs of systemic...
Concepts and attributes of total quality management

For the last decade, American companies have been playing catch-up in the area of quality and productivity. Japanese companies and other foreign competitors have moved into markets that were once dominated by American companies, by producing higher quality products. The problem to date in the US has obviously not been the lack of resources or documentation on quality and improvement programmes, but the misdirection of these programmes and the lack of total management commitment. Total Quality Management (TQM) is seen as an effective method that will accomplish the task of higher quality levels, and increased productivity. The purpose of Total Quality Management is to implement a process that is long term and continuous improvement initiatives throughout the organization, beginning with their own function in the organization. TQM integrates the fundamental techniques and principles of Quality Function Deployment, Taguchi Methods, Statistical Process control, Just-In-Time, and existing management tools into...
Recognition of high-frequency sea-level fluctuations in Proterozoic siliciclastic tidal deposits, Mount Isa, Australia

Metre-scale cyclicity is uncommon in siliciclastic sediments, unlike in carbonates. Fischer plots of shallow subtidal to intertidal siliciclastic cycles of Proterozoic age from Australia reveal systematic thickening and thinning patterns that, after correcting for tectonic subsidence, loading, and compaction, are compatible with a eustatic origin. Both 1.5 m.y. and 0.25-0.50 m.y. period sea-level changes are recognizable; the longer-period curves are asymmetric and indicate rapid rises followed by slow falls in sea level. Predictable facies and grain-size trends are associated with different slopes on the longer-period curve. Fischer plots provide an appropriate method for recognizing ecstatic effects in siliciclastic sediments that are less sensitive to sea-level changes than carbonates.
Varieties of Response-Dependence: A Critique of Zangwill

The dispositional nature of aesthetic properties is taken by some to be a problem for aesthetic property realism. Nick Zangwill argues that because aesthetic properties supervene on sensory properties such as color, they must be secondary qualities, and his response-dependence account of secondary qualities leads him to aesthetic nonrealism about sensory properties and then aesthetic properties. I find that Zangwill's treatment of sensory property dispositions falls prey to a confusion of the dispositions and their manifestations, and his argument moves too quickly from conceptual to ontological response-dependence. The possibility of a realist dispositional account of sensory and aesthetic properties remains open.
Nucleation characteristics and microstructure in off-eutectic Al-Zn alloys

Abstract The undercooling required for eutectic nucleation was measured using differential scanning calorimetry for Al-Zn alloys containing 2–8 wt% Al. While an average undercooling of only 0.25°C was required for the nucleation of Zn by proeutectic Al, an undercooling of 4.0°C was necessary for the nucleation of Al by primary Zn. The non-reciprocal nucleation characteristics of this system results in the formation of Zn halos around proeutectic Al dendrites and a difference in the eutectic structure when comparing hypo- to hypereutectic alloys in terms of interlamellar spacing, second phase volume fraction, and eutectic morphology.
P and S wave delays beneath intraplate volcanic ridges and gravity lineations near the East Pacific Rise

The Gravity Lineations Intraplate Melting Petrology and Seismic Expedition (GLIMPSE) explored the origin of two intraplate, non–hot spot ridge systems associated with gravity lineations in the south central Pacific. Using the 11 month ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) deployment of the GLIMPSE experiment, we determined the average P and S station delays for the region. Across the array, station delays varied by 1.22 s for P waves and 2.13 s for S waves. The presence of ultraslow shear velocity (
Long Wave/Short Wave Resonance in Equatorial Waves

Abstract It is shown that resonant coupling between ultra long equatorial Rossby waves and packets of either short Rossby or short westward-traveling gravity waves is possible. Simple analytic formulas give the discrete value of the packet wave number k, for which the group velocity of the packet of meridional mode number n matches the group velocity of a nondispersive long Rossby wave of odd mode number m. The equations that describe the coupling are derived via the method of multiple scale and tables of the interaction coefficients are numerically calculated. For realistic parameter values, it appears this coupling could be important in the tropical ocean. The principal physics of the coupled equations is threefold: 1) modulational or “side band” instability of plane waves, 2) instability of a short wave packet with respect to growing long waves if no long waves are initially present, and 3) solitary waves which consist of an envelope soliton of short waves of Nonlinear Schrodinger type traveling in con...
A failure diagnosis and recovery prototype for Space Station Freedom

NASA is investigating the use of advanced automation to enhance crew productivity for Space Station Freedom in numerous areas, one being failure management. This paper describes a prototype that diagnoses failure sources, assesses the future impacts of those failures on other Freedom entities, and generates courses of action whose intents are to recover from the failure within Freedom's operating conditions.
Effect of plastic deformation on mictomagnetism in Cu75Mn25

Abstract The low alternating field susceptibility at the temperature of the cusp of severely deformed Cu75Mn25 is an order of magnitude lower than that of the aged alloy. Steady field magnetization measurements indicate that the large changes in the magnetic properties associated with the different metallurgical conditions may be described in terms of changes in the short- range magnetic order.
Physician-delivered malnutrition: why do patients receive nothing by mouth or a clear liquid diet in a university hospital setting?

Background: Traditional practices of placing patients nil per os (NPO) or on clear liquid diet (CLD) deter delivery of optimal nutrition care and are not always supported by sound physiologic principles. Objective: This perspective survey evaluated the incidence of this practice, the reasons for such orders, and the response to intervention by the Multidisciplinary Nutrition Team (MNT). Methods: All patients admitted to University of Louisville Hospital were monitored by MNT dietitians and were candidates for the study if they were placed NPO upon CLD for ≥3 days. The MNT determined appropriateness of diet orders. Results: Out of 1192 admissions, 22.6% of the patients (n = 262, 61% male, mean age 46.1 years) were found to be NPO or on CLD for ≥3 days (mean 5.2 days NPO, 1.04 days CLD), and were entered in the study. Uncertainty regarding the reason for the specific diet order occurred more often when patients were placed on CLD than when made NPO (32.1% vs. 15.0% of cases, respectively, P < 0.05). NPO die...
Constipation: pathophysiology and management

Purpose of reviewContinuing advances in pharmaceutical development are providing an expanding array of treatment approaches for patients with chronic constipation. More comprehensive characterization of pancolonic motility carries the promise of improved understanding of the pathophysiology of this
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide on Activated Carbons Impregnated with Sodium Hydroxide

Two activated carbons of different origin were impregnated with the solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of various concentrations up to 10 wt %, and the effect of impregnation on the catalytic performance of the carbons was evaluated. The catalytic activity was analyzed in terms of the capacity of carbons for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) conversion and removal from hydrogen-rich fuel streams and the emission times of H2S and the products of its oxidation [e.g., sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS)]. The results of impregnation showed a significant improvement in the catalytic activity of both carbons proportional to the amount of NaOH introduced. NaOH introduces hydroxyl groups (OH−) on the surface of the activated carbon that increase its surface reactivity and its interaction with sulfur-containing compounds.
Cooperative Communications and Networking (Liu, K.J.R. et al) [Book Review]

Cooperative Communications and Networking by K.J. Ray Liu, Ahmed K. Sadek, Weifeng Su, and Andres Kwasinski, Cambridge University Press, ISBN-13: 9780521895132. Reviewed by Ruoheng Liu of Princeton University, USA .
Zajonc, Cockroaches, and Chickens, c. 1965—1975: A Characterization and Contextualization

As a social psychologist addressing mainly the topics of social facilitation (motivation) and attitudinal effects of mere exposure (affect), between 1965 and 1975 Robert B. Zajonc authored prominent works that relied on or led to observations of the actions of nonhuman animals. Zajonc pointed to insects, worms, fish, fowl, birds, mice, rats, cats, dogs, monkeys, and apes as animal models whereby responses of beasts were used as evidential substitutes (with apparently equal weight) for responses of man. These efforts notwithstanding, animal-based research no longer has visibility in mainstream social psychology. Reasons for this absence include general historical trends in the field’s development.
Use of design of experiments techniques to investigate resistance change of chip resistors in MESSENGER

full factorial designed experiment was perfor med in order to investigate the cause of the increase in resistance of various precision re sistors used in the MESSENGER spacecraft. Even though the largest increase was less than 5 %, it was troubling because the cau se of the resistance change had not been determined other than the us ual suspects of ESD, solder tip temperature, environmental stress screening (ESS) or corrosi on (disputed by the comm ercial manufacturer). Because of the need to quickly resolve the root ca use of this change, it was decided to study all the variables simultaneously by the use of Design of Experiments (DOE). The five variables studied were the different resistor type s, operating voltages, solder tip temperatures, temperature cycling, and the highly accelerated stress test (HAST) . The statistically signi ficant findings are: 1) The most probable cause of the increase in resistance is mo isture ingress through the old passivation layer inherent with onl y one chip resistor type. The ol d passivation coating is not as impervious to moisture as the new passivation coating on the other resi stor type. The failure mechanism is therefore a chemical reaction, most probably the oxidation of ch romium present in the nichrome resistor element to form a non-conductive chromium sub-oxide. 2) To a much less significant extent, the highe r solder tip temperature of 700 F and the higher test voltage (e.g. 40 volts) contribu te to a higher resistance change. Materials analyses of the coatings explain the difference in moisture permeation rates. Introduction: It was reported that two precision resistors (R37: 90.9 K
State mood, task performance, and behavior at work: A within-persons approach

Abstract We examine the intra-individual relationships between state mood and the primary components of the individual-level criterion space (task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and work withdrawal) as they vary within the stream of work. Using experience-sampling methods, 67 individuals in a call center responded to surveys on palmtop computers at random intervals 4–5 times each day for 3 weeks (total N = 2329). These data were matched to objective task performance obtained from organizational call records (total N = 1191). Within-persons, periods of positive mood were associated with periods of improved task performance (as evidenced by shorter call time) and engaging in work withdrawal. Trait meta-mood moderated these relationships. Specifically, individuals who attended to their moods had a stronger relationship between mood and speed of task performance (call time) and individuals able to repair their mood cognitively evidenced a weaker relationship between mood and withdrawal. Implications and the use of within-persons designs are discussed.
Auger transition rates and fluorescence yields for the double-K-hole state.

Auger and radiative transition rates and fluorescence yields for the double-{ital K}-hole state have been calculated for five elements with 10{le}{ital Z}{le}36 using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method. The Auger and x-ray energies are found to shift to higher energies by 68--269 and 100--388 eV, respectively, due to the presence of the {ital K}-shell spectator vacancy. For low-{ital Z} elements, the transition rates per {ital K} hole for the double-{ital K}-hole state are much larger than the corresponding rates for the single-{ital K}-hole state. As {ital Z} increases to higher values, the differences in transition rates diminish. {ital K}-shell fluorescence yields for the double-{ital K}-hole state compared to the results for the single-{ital K}-hole state are found to increase by 33% at {ital Z}=10 but by only 2.6% at {ital Z}=36.
Corticosteroids and anesthesia.

Purpose of reviewFor decades, anesthesiologists and surgeons have prophylactically provided ‘stress steroids’ to patients with presumed adrenocortical suppression. Other indications for glucocorticoids have included the suppression of cerebral or airway edema, the inhibition of systemic inflammatory
HUMANISTIC GRADING CRITERIA FOR ESSAY EXAMINATIONS

The author asserts that using for an essay examination the grading criteria of accuracy, clarity of organization, complexity of expression, and creativity helps humanistically oriented professors b...
Learning English and "Smartness": Refugee Students Negotiate Language, Reception, and Ability in School

This article analyzes how Southeast Asian refugee high school students negotiated “smartness” and language learning at a low-performing, urban high school in the U.S. southeast. Findings are drawn from a year-long qualitative study that examined the identities of refugee students from Vietnam’s Central Highlands. The conceptual framework is built on sociocultural theories of identity and language learning (Bourdieu, 1991; Holland, Skinner, Lachicotte & Cain, 1998) and illuminates the contextual and relational nature of students’ identity articulation in school. Findings underscore the ways in which racialized discourses perpetuated by teachers and peers simultaneously positioned them as model minorities and undermined their learning, and self-identities. Implications for policy and practices, as well as theoretical perspectives that deepen understandings of refugee identity and performance in school are proposed.
Fetal growth restriction at term: myth or reality?

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality associated with the small for gestational age (SGA) fetus born at term to an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. Methods: Small for gestational age, singleton newborns (birth weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age) born at 37–42 weeks’ gestation were identified by medical record discharge coding. We excluded gestations complicated by structural or chromosomal abnormalities, maternal diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, asthma, or renal, endocrine, or autoimmune disease. Three low-risk, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses, matched for gestational age at delivery, were selected randomly for each SGA fetus and served as controls. Maternal and neonatal data were abstracted via medical record review. Statistical analysis included χ2 Fisher exact test, and analysis of variance. Results: There were 67 newborns in the study group and 201 in the control group. There were no fetal or neonatal deaths in any of these cases. The maternal age at delivery, prepregnancy weight, race, smoking status, weight gain during pregnancy, and neonatal gender did not statistically differ between the two groups. Compared with AGA infants, a larger proportion of SGA newborns had low 1-minute Apgar scores and SGA newborns were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and have respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia. They were also significantly more likely to be delivered by cesarean. Conclusion: The SGA newborn from an uncomplicated pregnancy delivered at term has increased neonatal morbidity compared with its AGA counterpart. These results dispute the notion that term growth restriction is a benign condition.
A facile synthesis of α-chloroboronic esters via the base induced reaction of α,α-dichloromethyl methyl ether with hindered borinic esters

Abstract Treatment of hindered borinic esters, R 2 BOR′; with an equimolar quantity of α,α-dichloromethyl methyl ether and lithium triethylcarboxide yields the α-chloroboronic esters, R 2 CHClB(OCH 3 )OR′, in excellent yields. In cases where the steric requirements of R are not sufficient, the steric requirements of R′ can be increased to achieve the synthesis.
Analytical Solutions for Translational Motion of Spinning-Up Rigid Bodies Subject to Constant Body-Fixed Forces and Moments

The problem of a spinning, axisymmetric, or nearly axisymmetric rigid body subject to constant body-fixed forces and moments about three axes is considered. Approximate closed-form analytical solutions are derived for velocity and for the transverse displacement. The analytical solutions are valid when the excursion of the spin axis with respect to an inertially fixed direction is small (which is usually the case for spin-stabilized spacecraft and rockets). Numerical simulations confirm that the solutions are highly accurate when applied to typical motion of a spacecraft, such as the Galileo.
Decreasing Relative Risk Aversion, Risk Sharing, and the Permanent Income Hypothesis

This article develops a method for testing the risk-sharing hypothesis (RSH) against various versions of the permanent income hypothesis (PIH) while allowing for heterogeneity in risk preferences across households. Using 1-year and longer differences in household total nondurable consumption data from Indian villages, we find evidence that favors the RSH over the PIH at the village level.
Optimal design of a micromachined force gauge under uncertainty

Micromachined force gauges, like many microdevices, are subject to inevitable and inherent uncertainty in dimensional and material parameters that lead to variability in the gauge accuracy and reliability. This paper presents a methodology for the design of a micromachined force gauge under uncertainty, in which the measured force and the maximum stress in the beams in the gauge are related to five uncertain design parameters representing the dimensions of the beam, the material property and the deflection of the beam under the force being measured. A deterministic large-deflection beam model is combined with a sampling-based stochastic model to obtain the distributions of the measured force and the maximum stress corresponding to the interactive influence of the uncertainty in the five design parameters. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the force measurement accuracy subject to a constraint on the maximum allowable stress. On the basis of the optimization results, design windows for the deflection and the force that maximize the accuracy are derived as functions of the uncertainties in the design parameters. The results provide directly usable information on the optimum geometric design of the force gauge for given uncertainties in the manufacturing and operation of the device.
A new statistical description of hardonic and e+e− multiplicity distributions

Abstract A new statistical description of hardonic charged-particle multiplicity distributions is presented, which takes into account the associated neutral multiplicity and charge conservation. A simple gamma distribution is used to generate fictitious intermediate neutral objects that have equal probability of becoming single neutral hadrons or charged hadron pairs. The resulting charged multiplicity distributions are very similar to those generated by the negative binomial distribution, which has been very successful in describing the data. Diffractive, non-diffractive and single-jet multiplicities are well fitted by this procedure. Good fits to e + e − charged multiplicity distributions are also obtained by assuming that each such distribution is the result of the statistical addition of two identical and independent single-jet hadronic-type distributions. The success in fitting e + e − data by using hadronic single-jet distributions provides a new insight on universality.
Explicit formulas for degenerate Bernoulli numbers

Abstract The ‘degenerate’ Bernoulli numbers β m ( λ ) can be defined by means of the exponential generating function x ((1 + λx ) 1/ λ −1) −1 . L. Carlitz proved an analogue of the Staudt-Clausen theorem for these numbers, and he showed that β m ( λ ) is a polynomial in λ of degree ⩽ m . In this paper we find explicit formulas for the coefficients of the polynomial β m ( λ ), and we give a new proof of the degenerate Staudt-Clausen theorem. New recursion formulas for β m ( λ ) are also proved.
Sonication in combination with heat and low pressure as an alternative pasteurization treatment-Effect on Escherichia coli K12 inactivation and quality of apple cider

Escherichia coli K12 cells suspended in apple cider were treated by manothermosonication (MTS, 400 kPa/59 °C), thermosonication (TS, 100 kPa/59 °C), and manosonication (MS, 400 kPa/55 °C) for up to 4 min. A 5-log reduction was achieved in 1.4 min by MTS, 3.8 min by TS, and 2.5 min by MS. The inactivation curves of the E. coli exhibited a fast initial reduction followed by a slow inactivation section. The Weibull, log-logistic, and biphasic linear models showed a good fit of the inactivation data. Quality analyses were conducted with raw apple cider (control), thermally-pasteurized (TP), and MTS-, TS-, and MS-treated cider samples over a 3-week period at refrigeration temperature. Titratable acidity and pH did not differ among any of the samples. During storage, the turbidity value of the control was the highest, followed by TP, TS, MTS and MS. All color parameters of the TP sample were significantly different from those receiving the other treatments. The control and sonicated samples showed similar color parameters during storage. In total, 97 aroma compounds were identified in the control, TS-, MS-, and MTS-treated cider samples, while 95 aroma compounds were found in the TP at Week 0. Among all the aroma compounds, 9 key ones were identified in all samples, including ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, butyl acetate, 1-butanol, ethyl hexanoate, 1-hexanol, butanoic acid, β-damascenone, hexanoic acid, and octanoic acid. The profiles of the key aroma compounds in all sonicated samples were more similar to the control than the TP sample at Weeks 0 and 3.