cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lost and found in software space

Two problems often occur when implementing large software projects in a group: the problem of orientation and the problem of finding competent partners for tight cooperation. The paper presents a spatial representation of the shared source code under development called software space. It shows how awareness about another person's activities can be provided, which helps to find appropriate partners. Software space dynamically adapts to the user's preferences and thus improves during usage. The paper illustrates how the adapted representation can assist users in finding their way in software space.
Selected Risk Management Policies, Practices, and Procedures for Intramural Activities at NIRSA Institutions

A survey of all National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) campus recreation directors was conducted to determine the risk management policies, practices, and procedures relating to intramural activities and recreational sports at colleges and universities throughout North America. The survey instrument, in its final form, addressed practices, policies, and procedures of campus recreation directors through 44 questions relating to the following areas: (a) documentation, (b) medical factors, (c) rules and regulations, (d) physical supervision, (e) sportsmanship rating systems, (f) restrictive policies, (g) safety devices, (h) officials-tests-qualifications, and (i) background experiences and training of the respondents. Selected data are presented in terms of (a) the size of institutions (small, medium, and large), (b) location of the institution (rural, urban, and suburban), and (c) whether public or privately supported.
Interaction between Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Genetic Polymorphisms on Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Prospective Case-Cohort Study

Background: Epidemiologic data on genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular effects of arsenic exposure from drinking water are limited.Objective: We investigated whether the association between wel...
Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of the trimolybdate, (H3NCH2CH2NH3)Mo3O10

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of Na2MoO4·2H2O, MoO3, H2NCH2CH2NH2·2HCl and H2O in the mole ratio 6:6:10:300 at 160 °C under autogenous pressure yields colorless needles of (H3NCH2CH2NH3)Mo3O10 (1). The structure of 1 consists of distorted {MoO6} octahedra linked through face-, edge- and corner-sharing interactions into infinite chains. The ethylenediamminium cations occupy the channels between these chains. Crystal data: monoclinic space group P21/n, a=8.083(2), b=14.465(2), c=8.919(2) A, β=98.19(1)°, V=1032.2(7) A3, Z=4, Dcalc=3.28 g cm−3; structure solution and refinement based on 2856 reflections converged at R=0.0191.
Histologic markers in primary and metastatic tumors of the liver

To investigate the value of different tissue markers in the histologic diagnosis of hepatic tumors, we performed immunoperoxidase stains for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), carcinoem-bryonic antigen (CEA), and an erythropoiesis-associated antigen (ERY-1) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 107 primary and metastatic tumors of the liver. AFP was present in 17% of the hepatocellular carcinomas, in 7% of the metastatic carcinomas, and in none of the cholangiocarcinomas. AAT was present in 41% of the hepatocellular carcinomas, in 37% of the cholangiocarcinomas, and in 50% to 70% of the metastatic carcinomas of the liver. Intracytoplasmic CEA was found in 75% of the cholangiocarcinomas, in 92% to 100% of the metastatic carcinomas, and in only one of the mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas. ERY-1 was present in 89% of the hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas none of the cholangiocarcinomas or metastatic carcinomas stained for this marker. We conclude that immunohistochemical assays for AFP and AAT are of limited value in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors. However, immunohistochemical stains for ERY-1 and CEA can be valuable in differentiating hepatocellular carcinomas from metastatic tumors.
Immune Response of Chickens Following Heat Exposure or Injections with ACTH

Abstract DEPLETION of adrenal cholesterol occurs in response to ACTH in mammals (Selye and Heuser, 1956) and in chickens when the cholesterol measurements are determined 12 hours following the injections of ACTH (Sato and Glick, 1964). Adrenal cholesterol has been considered a precursor of adrenal cortical steroids (Sayers, 1950). Therefore, an induced reduction of adrenal cholesterol might influence the production of the adrenal cortical steroids. These adrenal corticoids are known to be released in the presence of ACTH (Resko et al., 1964) to produce a lymphopenia and heterophilia in the chicken (Glick, 1958), and to depress the immune response in mammals (Berglund, 1965). We have found that heat exposure for 30-minute periods during each of 4 consecutive hours or a single intra-muscular injection of ACTH every hour for 4 consecutive hours will significantly reduce antibody response while only ACTH caused a significant reduction in adrenal cholesterol. These data will be presented . . .
The early Matuyama Diatom Maximum off SW Africa: a conceptual model

Abstract An important discovery during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 175, when investigating the record of upwelling off Namibia, was the finding of a distinct Late Pliocene diatom maximum spanning the lower half of the Matuyama reversed polarity chron (MDM, Matuyama Diatom Maximum) and centered around 2.6–2.0 Ma. This maximum was observed at all sites off southwestern Africa between 20°S and 30°S, and is most strongly represented in sediments of Site 1084, off Luderitz, Namibia. The MDM is characterized by high biogenic opal content, high numbers of diatom valves, and a diatom flora rich in Southern Ocean representatives (with Thalassiothrix antarctica forming diatom mats) as well as coastal upwelling components. Before MDM time, diatoms are rare until ca. 3.6 Ma. After the MDM, in the Pleistocene, the composition of the diatom flora points to increased importance of coastal upwelling toward the present, but is accompanied by a general decrease in opal and diatom deposition. Here we present a simple conceptual model as a first step in formalizing a possible forcing mechanism responsible for the record of opal deposition in the upwelling system off Namibia. The model takes into account Southern Ocean oceanography, and a link with deepwater circulation and deepwater nutrient chemistry which, in turn, are coupled to the evolution of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The model proposes that between the MDM and the Mid-Pleistocene climate revolution, opal deposition off Namibia is not directly tied to glacial–interglacial fluctuations (as seen in the global δ18O record), but that, instead, a strong deepwater link exists with increased NADW production (as seen in the deepwater δ13C record) accounting for higher supply of silicate to the thermocline waters that feed the upwelling process. The opal record of Site 1084 shows affinity to eccentricity on the 400-kyr scale but not for the 100-kyr scale. This points toward long-term geologic processes for delivery of silica to the ocean.
Paradoxical Effect of BW 301U, a Lipophilic Antifolate, on Methotrexate-inhibitable Deoxyuridine Incorporation by Human Hematopoietic Cells

The ability of methotrexate and BW 301U, a lipophilic folate antagonist, to inhibit tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation into acid-precipitable material by human bone marrow cells was evaluated before and after five sequential daily infusions of BW 301U. After in vivo BW 301U therapy, bone marrow cells from five of the six patients exhibited significantly reduced inhibition by 1 µm methotrexate in vitro , whereas the response to 1 µm BW 301U remained unchanged. Megaloblastic marrow morphology and decreased myeloid progenitor cloning efficiency were also observed following five daily BW 301U infusions of 21 and 71 mg/sq m, respectively. A similar reduction in the ability of methotrexate to inhibit tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation was also seen in HL-60 cells, a human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, after incubation in vitro with cytostatic concentrations of BW 301U for 3 days. Concomitant changes in the response to BW 301U did not occur. While it is premature to infer clinical significance from this preliminary observation of BW 301U-induced asymmetry in the response to subsequent antifolates, our results augment a growing body of evidence which suggests that lipophilic folate antagonists might be effective in the treatment of methotrexate-resistant neoplasms.
Covert Multi-Party Computation

In STOC'05, Aim, Hopper and Longford introduced the notion of covert computation. A covert computation protocol is one in which parties am run a protocol without knowing if other parties ore also participating in the protocol or not. At the end of the protocol, if all parties participated in the protocol and if the function output is favorable to all parties, then the output is revealed. Ahn et al. constructed a protocol for covert two-partv computation in the random oracle model In this paper, we offer a construction for covert multiparty computation. Our construction is in the standard model and does not require random oracles. In order to achieve this goal, we introduce a number of new techniques. Central to our work is the development of "zero-knowledge proofs to garbled circuits," which we believe could be of independent interest. Along the way, we also develop a definition of covert computation as per the Ideal/Real model simulation paradigm.
Dynamic cardiac SPECT computer simulations for teboroxime kinetics

A series of computer simulations was performed to examine the effect that each of seven factors have on the accuracy of the kinetic parameters (k/sub 21/ and k/sub 12/) of teboroxime (a /sup 99m/Tc-labeled heart perfusion agent). The parameters k/sub 21/ and k/sub 12/ can be estimated using dynamic SPECT imaging and tracer kinetic modeling. The factors investigated were: (1) projection/reconstruction process of a time-varying tracer, (2) cardiac motion, (3) temporal resolution of the images, (4) attenuation effects, (5) emission statistics, (6) correlation of estimated parameters, and (7) decreased extraction fraction of teboroxime over time. The results showed that factors (3) and (6) affected only the %RMS error of the estimated parameters k/sub 21/ and k/sub 12/ and that the smallest error can be obtained by: using 5 second temporal resolution and selecting tissue ROIs which contain the least amount of intraventricular blood. Factors (2), (4), (5), and (7) significantly affected the accuracy of either k/sub 21/ or k/sub 12/ and efforts should be made in the future to either model or correct for these factors. >
Robot active touch exploration: constraints and strategies

The problem of using active touch (haptic) exploration to recognize a 3-D object taken from a known set of models is examined. Two approaches are combined: (1) the use of geometric constraints between components to eliminate interpretations and of interpretation-tree methods for choosing the best active sensing move; and (2) exploratory moves made by tracing continually along the surface of the object (and not through free space). The study is restricted to polyhedra, and a set of geometric constraints tailored for matching components acquired from haptic exploration against components in the models is given. A new constraint using pairs of line segments is presented. A set of active sensing moves, each with an associated cost measure, and strategies for choosing the next move are given. >
A finite element model for wave refraction, diffraction, reflection and dissipation

Abstract A finite element model is developed to calculate wave refraction, diffraction, reflection and dissipation. The governing equation is a two-dimensional depth-integrated linear wave equation which considers the effects of topographical variation and energy dissipation. The bathymetric variation consists of a slowly varying component and a fast, small amplitude varying component. In the governing equation, the energy dissipation term may be formulated for different physical mechanisms such as bottom friction, and wave breaking. Wave diffraction and reflection are caused by the appearance of structures. The effects of energy absorbing boundaries are also examined. Numerical results are verified with analytical solutions including harbor oscillations and wave diffraction by a circular cyclinder with absorbing boundaries. Numerical results are also used to compare with experimental data for wave propagation over a shoal in a wave tank.
Phase retrieval using the wavelet transform

The 1-D phase retrieval problem is to reconstruct a signal given the modulus of its Fourier transform. Conventional solution techniques approximate the solution by discretizing this continuous problem. Our solution obviates this approximation by employing basis functions to better represent a continuous signal. In particular, we use wavelet bases because they provide a structure which permits the use of a fast algorithm and because they incorporate a priori knowledge of the signal. This paper develops our algorithm and illustrates its effectiveness with numerical examples.
Immune status of free-ranging green turtles with fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii.

Cell-mediated and humoral immune status of free-ranging green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaii (USA) with and without fibropapillomatosis (FP) were assessed. Tumored and non-tumored turtles from Kaneohe Bay (KB) on the island of Oahu and from FP-free areas on the west (Kona/Kohala) coast of the island of Hawaii were sampled from April 1998 through February 1999. Turtles on Oahu were grouped (0–3) for severity of tumors with 0 for absence of tumors, 1 for light, 2 for moderate, and 3 for most severe. Turtles were weighed, straight carapace length measured and the regression slope of weight to straight carapace length compared between groups (KB0, KB1, KB2, KB3, Kona). Blood was assayed for differential white blood cell count, hematocrit, in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in the presence of concanavalin A (ConA) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and protein electrophoresis. On Oahu, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio increased while eosinophil/monocyte ratio decreased with increasing t...
An Examination of Jet Stream Configurations, 500 mb Vorticity Advection and Low-Level Thermal Advection Patterns During Extended Periods of Intense Convection

Abstract Three cases of widespread and persistent intense convective storms are examined. It is shown that synoptic-scale meteorological settings attending these events did not fit classic severe storm patterns that have been extensively documented in the literature. The analyses suggest that lower-tropospheric warm advection dominated mid-tropospheric differential vorticity advection in forcing upward vertical motion that triggered and organized the convective events. It is hypothesized that by shifting attention from the 500 mb level to observed and forecast low-level warm advection, the operational forecaster might better anticipate organized, intense convective outbreaks that develop within relatively benign synoptic-scale settings.
Grief, Loss, and Stress

Death is the unavoidable endpoint of a terminal life. Since death is inevitable, grief is not only predictable but also likely to occur repeatedly during the course of someone’s life. Despite being ubiquitous, grief is also mercurial, and may evince its qualities uniquely and at various times. For example, grief may begin at the thought of someone’s death, it may occur well after someone has died, or it may occur for losses other than the loss of life. According to Holmes and Rahe (1967), who developed the Life Stress Inventory, the death of a spouse is the highest weighted life change event (i.e., stressful event) that an individual can experience. The purpose of this chapter is to review the terms associated with grief, the classic stage-based theories related to grief, the construct of prolonged or complicated grief, stress-related symptoms and prolonged grief, and intervention considerations for grief and loss with adults and children.
Arts students in debt: Concerns, consequences, and interventions

abstractWhile there are many educational and experiential benefits to attending professional higher arts education programs, students who incur excessive student loan debt during their studies may experience unanticipated or poor professional outcomes either over the course of their artistic careers, shortly after the expiration of a loan grace period, or after they can no longer defer payments. To date, little to no research exists on the effects of an excessive student loan debt burden on professional arts careers. To address this gap in the higher arts education literature, and in an effort to facilitate scholarly discussion on the topic, this article identifies concerns, consequences, and potential interventions.
The Unsustainability of Current US Healthcare Delivery Mechanism: A Matter of Efficiency and Social Welfare

The current debate on the future of healthcare in the US centers on three main issues --- accessibility, quality of medical care, and affordability. With the gradual but steady disappearance of private insurance coverage, and the rising number of the uninsured, the general consensus is a healthcare system in need of reform. This paper analyzes the trend in US healthcare delivery and finance, with emphasis on the heightened presence of managed care in the system. This analysis will include a comparison of the US system to those of other industrialized nations, and an economic model that will define the conditions that may ultimately lead, in theory, to a single-payer system. But when informed with practical realities, and the experiences of nations that have experimented with socialized medicine, the prospect of a single-payer system in the US becomes untenable. The paper then suggests how such a system can efficiently operate in conjunction with market oriented entities.
Time-efficient significance measure for discovering spatiotemporal co-occurrences from data with unbalanced characteristics

Mining spatiotemporal co-occurrence patterns requires assessing the strength of co-occurrences among the instances of different feature types. Currently, a spatiotemporal version of the Jaccard measure is used for measuring the strength of spatiotemporal co-occurrences. We present an extended spatiotemporal version of the Jaccard measure (J*) that is more relevant and efficient for the task of STCOP mining. We also demonstrate the space and time efficiency of the J* with experimental evaluation.
Unfolding and effective bandstructure calculations as discrete real- and reciprocal-space operations

Abstract In recent years, alloy electronic structure calculations based on supercell Brillouin zone unfolding have become popular. There are a number of formulations of the method which on the surface might appear different. Here we show that a discrete real-space description, based on discrete Fourier transforms, is fully general. Furthermore, such an approach can more easily show the effects of alloy scattering. We present such a method for treating the random alloy problem. This treatment features straightforward mathematics and a transparent physical interpretation of the calculated effective (i.e., approximate) energy bands.
Mevalonic aciduria--an inborn error of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprene biosynthesis.

Abstract A two-year-old boy presented with severe failure to thrive, developmental delay, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, central cataracts, and dysmorphic features. Quantitative analyses of urinary organic acids revealed massive excretion of mevalonic acid, a metabolic precursor of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenes: 46,000 to 56,200 mmol per mole of creatinine, as compared with 0.2 to 0.3 mmol per mole in normal children. The mevalonic acid concentration in plasma was also greatly increased at 440 μmol per liter (normal, <0.05). The activity of mevalonate kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in mevalonate metabolism, was severely deficient in the patient's fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and lymphoblasts. In the subsequent pregnancy of the patient's mother, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry demonstrated a marked elevation of mevalonic acid in the mother's urine and a 3000-fold elevation, as compared with control levels in the amniotic fluid, suggesting that the fetus was affected. The diagnosis wa...
Study on Integrated Impact Indices of Electrified Railway Power Quality Based on Factor Analysis

On the basis of abundant statistical data from electrified railway power quality monitoring points, three unrelated integrated power quality indicators are extracted from multiple highly relevant individual power quality indices using factor analysis, and they are respectively named as integrated current factor, integrated voltage power frequency factor and integrated voltage low frequency factor. Monitoring data from the electrified railway of a certain provincial grid is used to calculate integrated factor scores for each monitoring point, and to show the reasonability and practicability of the integrated indices.
Visual Features Used by Airport Tower Controllers: Some Implications for the Design of Remote or Virtual Towers

Visual motion and other visual cues are used by tower controllers to provide important support for their control tasks at and near airports. These cues are particularly important for anticipated separation. Some of them, which we call visual features, have been identified from structured interviews and discussions with 24 active air traffic controllers or supervisors. The visual information that these features provide has been analyzed with respect to possible ways it could be presented at a remote tower that does not allow a direct view of the airport. Two types of remote towers are possible. One could be based on a plan-view, map-like computer-generated display of the airport and its immediate surroundings. An alternative would present a composited perspective view of the airport and its surroundings, possibly provided by an array of radially mounted cameras positioned at the airport in lieu of a tower. An initial more detailed analysis of one of the specific landing cues identified by the controllers, landing deceleration, is provided as a basis for evaluating how controllers might detect and use it. Understanding other such cues will help identify the information that may be degraded or lost in a remote or virtual tower not located at the airport. Some initial suggestions on how some of the lost visual information may be presented in displays are mentioned. Many of the cues considered involve visual motion, though some important static cues are also discussed.
Tissue Oxygen Delivery: The Physiology of Anemia

Summary A variety of physiologic changes occur in response to the occurrence of normovolemic anemia. The majority of these changes reflect the body's attempt to maintain tissue oxygenation when total body oxygen delivery is compromised. These compensatory changes include an increase in cardiac output, redistribution of blood flow to tissues that are supply-dependent (i.e., heart and brain), and increased whole-body oxygen extraction. The increase in cardiac output is mediated by a variety of factors, including reduced blood viscosity, increased venomotor tone and venous return, and increased sympathetic nervous system activity. The aortic chemoreceptors increase sympathetic activity by responding to a decrease in blood oxygen concentration, as well as Po2, which results in constriction of capacitance vessels and augmented venous return. To the extent that reduced viscosity contributes to increased blood fluidity and cardiac output, normovolemic anemia becomes self-correcting. Peripheral compensatory mechanisms that result in increased oxygen extraction allow more efficient use of a limited oxygen supply relation to tissues oxygen demands. These adjustments allow whole-body oxygen consumption to be maintained until the hematocrit falls to about 10%, at which point oxygen consumption becomes dependent on oxygen delivery. The decline in systemic O2 consumption that occurs as hematocrit is lowered to about 10% corresponds to the exhaustion of coronary vasodilatory capacity, which limits further compensatory increases in blood flow. Although the complex pattern of physiologic responses to normovolemic anemia is largely understood, additional information is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of sympathetic vascular control of the peripheral circulation, as well as the responses of the microcirculation to normovolemic anemia. An appreciation of these complexities is important to the anesthesiologist managing the patient with a perturbation of oxygen delivery to tissues in the form of normovolemic anemia.
Concept for content-aware, automatic shifting for spherical panoramas

With the adaption of virtual reality in the consumer space, spherical panorama photos are gaining popularity. Through wide-angle head-mounted displays, they can be experienced in a natural way and offer the user an immersive view of the captured scene. While being used in virtual reality, the alignment of the saved image does not matter much. However, when displaying the panorama on a 2D screen, the alignment can make a difference on how pleasant the image looks. We propose an automatic method to do lossless shifting of the image to make it look better on 2D screens.
Mitochondrial VDAC as an Electromechanical Probe of Lipid-Dependent Membrane Binding of Alpha-Synuclein

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a small, intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic protein highly expressed in the central nervous system and implicated in Parkinson disease. α-Syn was found to specifically bind to native mitochondrial membranes in live cells and is known to be involved in neurodegenerative mitochondrial dysfunction and in neuroapoptosis. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of α-syn interaction with model membranes mimicking the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) is of particular importance. Here we study the α-syn-membrane interaction on a single-molecule level using the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) to probe the kinetic and structural rearrangements of α-syn at the lipid membrane. We find that both the frequency and duration of the VDAC blockage by α-syn depend strongly on lipid composition. The highest interaction frequency of α-syn with VDAC is observed in anionic lipids; it drops by 100-fold in cationic lipids. The interaction frequency also increases with nonlamellar phosphatidylethanolamine content in neutral membranes. The duration of blockage is also affected by lipid composition, particularly the onset of α-syn translocation through the VDAC pore. These results support a model in which α-syn's N-terminus binding to the membrane is followed by C-terminal blockage of the VDAC pore. Comparison of electrophysiological data with macroscopic measurements of α-syn-lipid binding using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Bilayer Overtone Analysis methods suggests that three domains of α-syn play different roles in membrane interactions and, consequently, with VDAC pore. Our results establish VDAC as a suitable electromechanical probe to report on monomeric α-syn membrane binding kinetics and dynamic conformational adaptations to the lipid charges and lipid packing stress. This system will facilitate further exploration of the well-recognized, but not well understood, regulatory roles of mitochondrial lipids in bioenergetics and cell metabolism.
Planning for geospatial data integration

In the recent past there have been significant research and industrial efforts to support access to large amount of geospatial data sources. Examples of industrial efforts include different data access standards proposed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OpenGIS)1 and the availability of satellite imagery and other data on websites, such as TerraServer2. In order to better understand the research challenges involved in designing a geospatial data integration system, I co-developed an application called the Building Finder (Michalowski et al. 2004). The Building Finder application integrates satellite imagery from TerraServer, road network information from the Tiger Line files3, and building information from various assessor’s web sites. Our experiences with the Building Finder showed that geospatial data integration involves six major research aspects: (1) accessing geospatial data, (2) modeling geospatial data sources and operations, (3) query reformulation, (4) optimization, (5) execution, and (6) visualizing the results. However, all the efforts have mainly focused on providing access to various geographic datasets and visualizing the available geospatial data. In my thesis plan to focus on modelling geospatial data sources and operations, reformulating user queries into an integration plan consisting of a set of queries on available data sources and operations, and optimizing the generated plan. In this abstract, I present my research on developing a geospatial data integration framework that can be utilized to rapidly generate applications, such as the Building Finder. Figure 1 shows the architecture of my framework. In particular, I focus on the work that I have done on modelling data sources and complex operations, query reformulation, and optimization. I conclude this abstract with a discussion of the work that remains to be done.
Waiter, bring me ±ε!

Thermodynamic processes at the microscopic scale can be quite surprising. New limits on the amount of work that can be extracted from a system in an almost deterministic fashion have now been uncovered.
Possibility of a δ-like surface for α-Pu: Theory

The electronic structure of a Pu square-mesh monolayer, a five-layer Pu (100)-orientation slab cut from a fcc lattice, and bulk fcc Pu have been calculated. For the monolayer calculation we allowed for spin and orbital polarization; and at all densities, from below the \ensuremath{\delta} to above the \ensuremath{\alpha} density, we found large spin and orbital moments. The equilibrium lattice constant for the monolayer was found to be expanded by about \ensuremath{\sim}7%, compared to our bulk result (which is contracted \ensuremath{\sim}7% from experiment). At both the theoretical and experimental \ensuremath{\alpha} densities we found the five-layer slab to spin polarize, with spin moments close to that of the monolayer. Together with the experimental grazing-incidence photoemission, our results provide support for the existence of a small-moment \ensuremath{\delta}-like surface state for the surface behavior of \ensuremath{\alpha} plutonium.
IT Asset Disposition Services: A Green Solution for the Enterprise

Enterprise IT asset disposition is one important contributing dimension to green IT initiatives adopted by organizations. IT asset disposition services aim to maximize the value of the IT asset investment of enterprises over its entire lifecycle while guaranteeing data security and protecting against environmental liability. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the practice of IT asset disposition services in the United States, and more specifically, the processes used to accomplish the three key objectives in IT asset disposition: 1) data security and protection, 2) environmental responsibility and compliance, and 3) asset value recovery. Regulatory compliance of companies and the role of information systems in IT asset disposition are discussed and a few future directions of research are proposed.
Nevanlinna Theory and Gap Series

A very attractive feature of complex variable theory is the interplay of the approach via power series (Weierstrass) and the potential theoretical approach (Riemann). The Nevanlinna theory studies the distribution of values of meromorphic functions, by potential-theoretic methods. In this paper we shall make an application of this theory to power series.
Nutrition Counseling for Skeletal Health

Nutrition plays an important role in skeletal health throughout the life cycle. This chapter addresses evidence-based nutrition recommendations that can be used to promote skeletal health. Maintaining bone health is a significant concern in the USA; healthful lifestyle is an opportunity to promote bone health. The total diet or overall pattern of food consumed is the most important focus of healthy eating (Freeland-Graves and Nitzke, J Acad Nutr Diet 113:307–317, 2013). A healthful dietary pattern is associated with prevention of chronic diseases as well promoting skeletal health.
Molecular aspects governing epidermal stem cell niches

Abstract The niche is the spatial environment in which stem cells reside. Throughout the organism's lifetime, the niche provides crucial environmental cues that specify and define stem cell activity to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the epidermis, several progenitor populations constantly replenish cells lost to terminal differentiation, but must also contribute to tissue regeneration upon wounding. In this chapter, we discuss how these populations arise and the complex level of regulation, which incorporates, genetic, epigenetic and mechanical that determines their activity in vivo. In doing so, we highlight how findings from live imaging and deep sequencing have provided a sharper and clearer picture of epidermal stem cell fate, regulation and plasticity at the single cell level. Ultimately, these technical advancements will be crucial in answering the many remaining questions surrounding stem cell regulation in vivo, especially in the context of injury and disease.
Thermoneutrality Inhibits Thermogenic Markers and Exacerbates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Mice (P21-068-19)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, affecting more than a third of the US population and 25% of the global population. In this study, we investigated whether manipulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity via housing C57BL/6 J mice under two different housing temperatures (22°C vs 27°C) influences the development of NAFLD. Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly allocated to 4 groups (8 mice/group). Briefly, mice housed at the standard temperature (ST) (22°C) or thermoneutral temperature (TT) (27°C) were fed either a control chow diet (CHD) (Picolab rodent diet 20, LabDiet) with a regular drinking water or an “fast food” diet (FFD) (Research Diets, D12079B) plus fructose 23.1 g/L and glucose 18.9 g/L added to the drinking water for 10 weeks. Mice under TT had significant less food intake compared to their counter partners under ST, regardless of diets. Mice exposed to TT and fed FFD had the highest body weight and plasma leptin level among all groups. For mice fed CHD, mice at TT did not present hepatic steatosis although they slightly gained more body weight compared to mice at ST. For mice fed FFD, thermoneutral housing mice had greater liver weight, liver triglyceride, and exacerbated hepatic steatosis compared to the standard housing mice. Moreover, for mice fed FFD, TT compared to ST had significantly elevated expression of fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, fatty acid translocase, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in liver. By contrast, TT did not change expression of above genes in mice fed CHD. Furthermore, thermoneutrally housed mice displayed a decrease in gene expression of thermogenic markers, such as uncoupling protein 1, elongation of very long chain fatty acids 3, and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A in BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT). Thermoneutrality inhibits expression of thermogenic markers in both BAT and WAT, which correlated to exacerbated NAFLD in mice. Our data indicate that activating BAT and/or promoting WAT browning may represent a potential strategy for the management of NAFLD. The College of Human Sciences of Texas Tech University; the National Center for Complementary & Integrative Health.
The Role of Environmental Distractions in the Experience of Fibrofog in Real-World Settings.

OBJECTIVE Perceived cognitive dysfunction in people with fibromyalgia (FM), "fibrofog," is commonly reported and has been demonstrated in neurocognitive testing. Distractibility and inattention have been implicated as potential contributors to fibrofog, but the role of environmental distractions has not been explored. In this study, ambulatory assessment methods were used to examine whether FM is related to more environmental distractions and to examine the impact of distractions on subjective and objective cognitive functioning. METHODS Fifty people with FM and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls without FM completed 8 consecutive days of ambulatory assessments. Five times per day, participants reported perceived cognitive functioning and environmental distractions and completed validated tests of processing speed and working memory. RESULTS The FM group reported distractions in a higher proportion of the ambulatory cognitive testing sessions (40.5%) compared with the group without FM (29.8%; P < 0.001) and more often reported multiple simultaneous distractions. For both groups, sound was the most common distraction. The group with FM reported more distractions caused by light, and the group without FM reported more social distractions. Group differences in subjective and objective cognitive functioning were not augmented during distraction relative to during periods of no distraction. There were no group differences in within-person changes in cognitive functioning as a function of distraction. CONCLUSION The group with FM reported more distractions than the group without FM; both groups reported poorer processing speed when distracted, and the effects of distraction on test performance did not differ significantly by group. Findings suggest that sensitivity to environmental distractions may play a role in the experience of cognitive dysfunction in FM.
Trends, predictors, and outcomes associated with 30-day hospital readmissions after percutaneous coronary intervention in a high-volume center predominantly using radial vascular access

Abstract Background and aim Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high-risk for hospital readmission. We examined the rate, factors associated with, and outcomes of 30-day readmissions for patients who underwent a PCI. Methods We reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent PCI between 2011 and 2014 at a central New England radial first, tertiary care center. Data was collected on occurrence and cause of readmission as well as patients' bleeding events and survival at one year. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with 30-day readmission as well as its association with bleeding and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 3858 patients were studied (mean age = 62.8 years with 26.1% women), among whom 348 (9.5%) patients were readmitted within 30-days. Cardiac causes of readmission represented 62% of all readmissions. In the multi-variable adjusted regression model, factors that were significantly associated with 30-day readmission included female gender, prior coronary bypass surgery, acute coronary syndrome, anemia, length of stay, and delay in initial presentation. Patients who were readmitted had more than twice the risk of bleeding and mortality at one year as compared to those who were not readmitted within 30 days. Conclusions In conclusion, our results suggest that early hospital readmission after undergoing PCI is common and has not changed in recent years. Efforts should be made to identify and closely monitor patients who are at risk for readmission after PCI.
Advanced maternal age impacts physiologic adaptations to pregnancy in vervet monkeys

The trend to delay pregnancy in the USA has resulted in the number of advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies to also increase. In humans, AMA is associated with a variety of pregnancy-related pathologies such as preeclampsia (PE). While AMA is known to be a factor which contributes to the development of pregnancy-induced diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms giving rise to this phenomenon are still very limited. This is due in part to lack of a preclinical model which has physiologic relevance to human pregnancy while also allowing control of environmental and genetic variability inherent in human studies. To determine potential physiologic relevance of the vervet/African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as a preclinical model to study the effects of AMA on adaptations to pregnancy, thirteen age-diverse pregnant vervet monkeys (3-16 years old) were utilized to measure third trimester blood pressure (BP), complete blood count, iron measurements, and hormone levels. Significant associations were observed between third trimester diastolic BP and maternal age. Furthermore, the presence of leukocytosis with enhanced circulating neutrophils was observed in AMA mothers compared to younger mothers. Moreover, we observed a negative relationship between maternal age and estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels. Finally, offspring born to AMA mothers displayed a postnatal growth retardation phenotype. These studies demonstrate physiologic impairment in the adaptation to pregnancy in AMA vervet/African green monkeys. Our data indicate that the vervet/African green monkey may serve as a useful preclinical model and tool for deciphering pathological mediators of maternal disease in AMA pregnancy.
Enchondromatosis and Growth Plate Development

Enchondroma is a common cartilage benign tumor that develops from dysregulation of chondrocyte terminal differentiation during growth plate development. Here we provide an overview of recent progress in understanding causative mutations for enchondroma, dysregulated signaling and metabolic pathways in enchondroma, and the progression from enchondroma to malignant chondrosarcoma. Several signaling pathways that regulate chondrocyte differentiation are dysregulated in enchondromas. Somatic mutations in the metabolic enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are the most common findings in enchondromas. Mechanisms including metabolic regulation, epigenetic regulation, and altered signaling pathways play a role in enchondroma formation and progression. Multiple pathways regulate growth plate development in a coordinated manner. Deregulation of the process can result in chondrocytes failing to undergo differentiation and the development of enchondroma.
A 2020 view of tension-based cortical morphogenesis

Mechanical tension along the length of axons, dendrites, and glial processes has been proposed as a major contributor to morphogenesis throughout the nervous system [D. C. Van Essen, Nature 385, 313-318 (1997)]. Tension-based morphogenesis (TBM) is a conceptually simple and general hypothesis based on physical forces that help shape all living things. Moreover, if each axon and dendrite strive to shorten while preserving connectivity, aggregate wiring length would remain low. TBM can explain key aspects of how the cerebral and cerebellar cortices remain thin, expand in surface area, and acquire their distinctive folds. This article reviews progress since 1997 relevant to TBM and other candidate morphogenetic mechanisms. At a cellular level, studies of diverse cell types in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that tension plays a major role in many developmental events. At a tissue level, I propose a differential expansion sandwich plus (DES+) revision to the original TBM model for cerebral cortical expansion and folding. It invokes tangential tension and "sulcal zipping" forces along the outer cortical margin as well as tension in the white matter core, together competing against radially biased tension in the cortical gray matter. Evidence for and against the DES+ model is discussed, and experiments are proposed to address key tenets of the DES+ model. For cerebellar cortex, a cerebellar multilayer sandwich (CMS) model is proposed that can account for many distinctive features, including its unique, accordion-like folding in the adult, and experiments are proposed to address its specific tenets.
Black Skin, White Tourists: Race, Queerness, and Sex Tourism in Dominican Film "Sand Dollars"

Sand Dollars (Dolares de Arena) is a 2014 coproduction by Dominican film director Laura Amelia Guzman and her husband, Mexican film director Israel Cardenas. This film portrays two main characters: an older French woman, Anne, who is visiting the island as a tourist, and a young black Dominican woman, Noeli. The plot centers on the sexual and emotional relationship that arises between the two women. In this article, I explore the race and class relationship between the black bodies and the white bodies—taking as a point of departure the lesbian relationship—and the ways in which they are represented on screen. To do so, I enter into dialogue with Franz Fanon’s text, Black Skin, White Masks, offering a queer interpretation of this work, in which female bodies are a largely ancillary focus, and female homosexuality is ignored entirely. As such, this article will use Fanonian theory in order to highlight the intersectional nature of cultural taboos in contemporary Dominican Republic, such as sex tourism, blackness, lesbianism (and queernessin general), and to explore the way in which the film navigates these topics.
Editorial Expression of Concern: Exposure to Magnetic Field Non-Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Miscarriage: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Editor's Note: an editorial expression of Concern for this article has been published and is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85479-w
Stepwise assembly of heterobimetallic complexes: synthesis, structure, and physical properties.

Bimetallic active sites are ubiquitous in metalloenzymes and have sparked investigations of synthetic models to aid in the establishment of structure–function relationship. We previously reported a series of discrete bimetallic complexes with [FeIII–(μ-OH)–MII] cores in which the ligand framework provides distinct binding sites for two metal centers. The formation of these complexes relied on a stepwise synthetic approach in which an FeIII–OH complex containing a sulfonamido tripodal ligand served as a synthon that promoted assembly. We have utilized this approach in the present study to produce a new series of bimetallic complexes with [FeIII–(μ-OH)–MII] cores (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) by using an ancillary ligand to the FeIII center that contains phosphinic amido groups. Assembly began with formation of an FeIII–OH that was subsequently used to bind the MII fragment that contained a triazacyclononane ligand. The series of bimetallic complexes were charactered structurally by X-ray diffraction methods, spectroscopically by absorption, vibrational, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. A notable finding is that these new [FeIII–(μ-OH)–MII] complexes displayed significantly lower reduction potentials than their sulfonamido counterparts, which paves way for future studies on high valent bimetallic complexes in this scaffold.
Appropriate selection of candidates for outpatient thyroidectomy.

Purpose of review Although traditionally an inpatient procedure, outpatient thyroidectomy has gained traction as a viable and well tolerated alternative for selected patients, with an added benefit of cost savings. Recent findings Research on outpatient thyroidectomy has focused on establishing its noninferiority in outcomes compared to the standard inpatient or overnight observation. Numerous studies have found comparable low rates of postoperative complications and no increase in readmission. Selection criteria have been well established by professional societies and research studies support the selection bias benefitting appropriately selected patients. The primary benefit of outpatient thyroidectomy reported is a decrease in cost, though additional theoretical benefits such as decreased exposure to nosocomial infections. Summary Outpatient thyroidectomy is a well tolerated approach in appropriately selected candidates, with cost reduction benefits. Adherence to societal guidelines for patient selection is paramount.