cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A surface spectroscopic study of Coz.sbnd;MoAl2O3 catalysts using ESCA, ISS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, I

Abstract Laser Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy ion-scattering spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize a series of Coz.sbnd;Mo Al 2 O 3 catalysts containing 15 wt% MoO 3 and 0 to 8 wt% CoO in their oxide, reduced, and sulfided forms. These data show that the catalyst surface contains CoMoO 4 and irreducible Co 2+ ions of tetrahedral symmetry when the CoO concentration is 0 to 6%. With 7 to 8% CoO, additional surface species includes Co 3 O 4 crystallites on the γ-Al 2 O 3 surface. Formation of Co 3 O 4 coincides with an increased Mo reducibility and a decreased BET surface area. These results are compared to previously published data on Coz.sbnd;Mo Al 2 O 3 and suggest that the state of dehydration-dehydroxylation of the Al 2 O 3 surface before impregnation of Co and Mo affects their subsequent speciation. Autoclave studies investigating the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydroconversion of coal using these catalysts are also reported. Significance of the surface speciation with respect to these activity studies is discussed.
Scheduling a single machine to maximize net present value

This paper investigates scheduling a single productive resource (machine) such that the net present value of the resulting cash flow stream is maximized. The static single machine setting provides an ideal context in which to develop high value scheduling policies. A job release rule (RDE) and a job dispatch rule (MTP) are developed through a marginal cost analysis of the NPV objective, and the composite MTP/RDE scheduling rule is extensively tested against several other benchmark heuristics obtained from the literature. Results indicate that the MTP/RDE rule outperforms the benchmark heuristics by a substantial margin in providing high value schedules. Additionally, sensitivity analysis shows that the MTP/RDE rule is robust in relation to parameter settings and misspecified cost data, suggesting its applicability to real-world production settings.
A FAM21-Containing WASH Complex Regulates Retromer-Dependent Sorting

The Arp2/3 complex regulates endocytosis, sorting, and trafficking, yet the Arp2/3-stimulating factors orchestrating these distinct events remain ill defined. WASH (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein and SCAR Homolog) is an Arp2/3 activator with unknown function that was duplicated during primate evolution. We demonstrate that WASH associates with tubulin and localizes to early endosomal subdomains, which are enriched in Arp2/3, F-actin, and retromer components. Although WASH localized with activated receptors, it was not essential for endocytosis. However, WASH did regulate retromer-mediated retrograde CI-MPR trafficking, which required its association with endosomes, Arp2/3-directed F-actin regulation, and tubulin interaction. Moreover, WASH exists in a multiprotein complex containing FAM21, which links WASH to endosomes and is required for WASH-dependent retromer-mediated sorting. Significantly, without WASH, retromer tubulation was exaggerated, supporting a model wherein WASH links retromer-mediated cargo containing tubules to microtubules for Golgi-directed trafficking and generates F-actin-driven force for tubule scission.
Hydration of γ-Crystallins

Abstract Four fractions of γ-crystallins, B(II), C(IIIb), D(IIIa) and E(IVa), were isolated from bovine lenses. The hydration properties of each fraction were measured as a function of protein concentration. The freezable water content was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and the total water content by thermogravimetric analysis. The difference yields the non-freezable (bound) water content of the crystallins. At physiological protein concentrations the order of the bound water content was C(IIIb) > D(IIIa) ⪢E(IVa) > B(II). This order was reversed between C and D and between B and E at low protein concentrations. This trend was evident whether the bound water was calculated as a percentage of the total water or as quantity per gram of γ-crystallin.
Prophylaxis and treatment of herpesvirus infections in children

The development and use of antiviral agents has progressed at a tremendous pace over the past two and a half decades. With the increased availability of antiviral drugs, clinicians now are able to intervene in disease processes for which supportive care has been the standard in the past. With the possible exception of HIV infection, no group of viral infections has experienced such existing therapeutic possibilities as those caused by the human herpesviruses. From the use of acyclovir beginning in the 1970s to the recent licensure of cidofovir, the ability to affect favorably disease caused by herpesviruses is continuing to expand rapidly. These advancements, however, increasingly challenge the clinician's ability to maintain state-of-the-art understanding of antiviral therapy. Therefore, this article will review current knowledge of antiviral prophylaxis and treatment of herpesvirus infections in children.
Queen conch (Strombus gigas) testis regresses during the reproductive season at nearshore sites in the Florida Keys.

Background Queen conch (Strombus gigas) reproduction is inhibited in nearshore areas of the Florida Keys, relative to the offshore environment where conchs reproduce successfully. Nearshore reproductive failure is possibly a result of exposure to environmental factors, including heavy metals, which are likely to accumulate close to shore. Metals such as Cu and Zn are detrimental to reproduction in many mollusks.
Parametric Studies on Dynamic Performance of Hydrostatic Flexure Pivot Tilting Pad Gas Bearing With Radial Compliance

Flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearings are recognized as an alternative to foil gas bearing [1, 2] for high speed turbomachinery, due to their capability to provide high rotor-bearing stability and simple structure. The flexure pivot design eliminates wear problem of axial pins or sockets at the pivots which are common in traditional tilting pad bearings. Added features such as a pivot offset and pad preloads can also be optimized to further improve the stability. Hybrid flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearing have also been reported [3]. The hybrid bearing has a direct air supply to the bearing clearance through a tiny orifice. It has shown that the hybrid operation of the tilting pad gas bearing can also increase the rotor-bearing stability [3]. In many microturbomachinery applications, hollow shafts are adopted to reduce the rotor weight and increase the bending critical speeds. However, the hollow shaft has a large centrifugal growth at high speeds requiring the gas bearing to have radial compliances. However, the radial compliance within the tilting pads can compromise the rotor-bearing stability because large displacement of the pads along the radial direction can cause hydrodynamic rotor-bearing instability associated with the increased bearing clearance (i.e. decreased effective preload) if the radial stiffness is not designed properly. Analytical studies show that optimal choice of pad radial stiffness could extend operating envelope of flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearing without deteriorating rotor-bearing stability [4]. High speed operation can generate significant amount of heat and adequate heat dissipation mechanism should also be developed. Hybrid operation is considered to have added benefit of effective cooling capability. This paper presents design studies on hybrid flexure tilting pad gas bearing with radial compliance which can accommodate large rotor centrifugal growth and also provide effective cooling mechanism.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Heroes and heroines among American adolescents

Based upon the analysis of questionnaire responses of 1092 high school students, an attempt was made to assess the type of heroes and heroines most often chosen. The major findings are that high school students have more heroes than heroines, that they have an approximately equal number of personal heroes and heroines, and that the preference for heroes is not altered when the sex or race of the respondents is considered. The findings are explained both by the greater numbers of males than females in public professional roles and by the greater salience of male than female professional role models. Implications of the possible effects of hero and heroine choices for sex-role identification are discussed.
An overview of the deco system: data model and query language; query processing and optimization

Deco is a comprehensive system for answering declarative queries posed over stored relational data together with data obtained on-demand from the crowd. In this overview paper, we describe Deco's data model, query language, and system prototype, summarizing material from earlier papers. Deco's data model was designed to be general, flexible, and principled. Deco's query language extends SQL with simple constructs necessary for crowdsourcing, and has a precise semantics for arbitrary queries. Deco's query execution engine and cost-based query optimizer incorporate many novel techniques to address the limitations of traditional query processing techniques in the crowdsourcing setting. Query processing is guided by the objective of minimizing monetary cost and reducing latency.
Polymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Remarkable Effect of Ethylene Carbonate and Other Solvents

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate with the homogeneous catalyst, CuIBr/4,4‘-di(5-nonyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (dNbpy), in benzene, afforded well-defined poly(n-butyl acrylate) with predetermined molecular weights and low polydispersities, Mw/Mn = 1.1. The number-average molecular weight, Mn (measured by GPC and MALDI-TOFMS), was close to the theoretical molecular weight, predetermined by DPn = Δ[M]/[I]0. A similar polymerization in benzene using 2,2‘-bipyridine (bpy) as ligand instead of dNbpy displayed poor control, yielding a polymer whose molecular weight was higher than the theoretical value and demonstrating high polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 2.4). Several solvents were subsequently employed for the polymerizations with the CuIBr/bpy catalyst system. Good control of molecular weight and polydispersity were achieved using ethylene carbonate, and in this system the observed rate of polymerization was even faster than in bulk. The rate of polymerization with the CuIBr/bpy catalyst in e...
Asticcacaulis biprosthecum sp.nov. Life cycle, morphology and cultural characteristics.

Asticcacaulis biprosthecum sp. n. is a gram-negative aerobic heterotroph which undergoes a dimorphic life cycle typical of bacteria of the caulobacter group. Prosthecae of these cells are shown to be structurally homologous with prosthecae of two strains ofCaulobacter crescentus. The general physiological and cultural characteristics are recorded.
Performance of an Anti-Icing Epoxy Overlay on Asphalt Surfaces

AbstractThis paper summarizes the evaluation of a thin-bonded epoxy overlay placed on an asphalt-wearing surface in an effort to increase skid resistance, decrease wear of the bridge deck, reduce the development of bonded snow and ice during winter conditions, and provide a safe drivable surface. The uniqueness of this study is the installation of a polymer-based overlay with anti-icing/antiskid properties on an asphalt-wearing surface. This thin-bonded epoxy overlay was examined based on mean texture depth, surface friction, bond strength, ability to stop chloride intrusion, anti-icing properties, traffic safety, and cost. Mean texture depth and friction testing produced a durable wearing surface with good traction. Bond strength test results demonstrated that the asphalt layer will fail prior to the epoxy overlay. Chloride content of the concrete bridge deck decreased with the use of the thin-bonded overlay. The anti-icing property of the overlay is effective when precharged with deicing chemicals but s...
Linearity assessment methods for sex steroid hormones and carrier proteins among men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)

Abstract Introduction It has been hypothesized that racial disparities among several diseases are explained by differences in testosterone (T), 17-β estradiol (E), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin (A) levels, yet epidemiologic results have been mixed. Statistical advice regarding appropriate adjustment methods for carrier proteins of sex steroid hormones in the literature is scant. Therefore, we investigated different adjustment methods for carrier proteins. Methods Data for 1496 men, >17 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988–91 were used to analyze linearity between sex hormones and carrier proteins by examining correlation, plots, and regression models. The statistical importance of age, body mass index (BMI), and race/ethnicity were examined for changes in results by the adjustment method. Results T was weakly correlated with SHBG and A (r-squared, 0.25, 0.13, respectively) and E was weakly negatively correlated with A (p Conclusion Choosing an appropriate adjustment for carrier proteins is important to prevent bias in analyses and inconsistency in findings across studies. Linearity between variables should not be assumed when adjusting models, and should be conducted and reported. An independent categorical carrier protein variable is recommended in analysis exploring factors predicting sex hormone levels, although statistical testing should always be employed.
Biodetection using fluorescent quantum dots

Multi-pathogen biosensors that take advantage of sandwich immunoassay detection schemes and utilize conventional fluorescent dye reporter molecules are difficult to make into extremely compact and autonomous packages. The development of a multi-pathogen, immunoassay-based, fiber optic detector that utilizes varying sized fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as the reporter labels has the potential to overcome these problems. In order to develop such a quantum dot-based biosensor, it is essential to demonstrate that QDs can be attached to antibody proteins, such that the specificity of the antibody is maintained. We have been involved in efforts to develop a reproducible method for attaching QDs to antibodies for use in biodetection applications. We have synthesized CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs of differing size, functionalized their surfaces with several types of organic groups for water solubility, and covalently attached these functionalized QDs to rabbit anti-ovalbumin antibody protein. We also demonstrated that these labeled antibodies exhibit selective binding to ovalbumin antigen. We characterized the QDs at each step in the overall synthesis by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy and by picosecond (psec) transient photoluminescence (TPL) spectroscopy. TPL spectroscopy measurements indicate that QD lifetime depends on the size of the QD, the intensity of the optical excitation source, and whether or not they are functionalized and conjugated to antibodies. We describe details of these experiments and discuss the impact of our results on our biosensor development program.
Preparation, stability and reactivity of fluorinated vinyl organometallic compounds

Abstract In contrast to the low stability of the fluorinated vinylic lithium or magnesium reagents, the analogous vinylic cadmium, zinc, copper, and silver reagents have been found to exhibit excellent stability. These organometallic substrates are readily prepared from the corresponding vinylic iodides or via methathesis reaction. Stereochemical integrity is preserved in all organometallic-forming reactions as well as in all subsequent chemical transformations of these reagents. In some cases (M = Cd), the bis -reagent can be isolated as a stable solid. A variety of chain-extension and/or functionalization reactions of these stable organometallic compounds will be presented and discussed.
On the derivation of effective interactions by matrix diagonalization methods

Abstract A technique is developed which in certain cases allows the derivation of a completely linked two body effective interaction for two particles beyond a closed shell using matrix diagonalization methods. In particular this applies to a space consisting of 0 and 2 h ω excitations.
The deficiency and dyshematopoietic anemias of infancy and childhood

A LTHOUGtI much has been written concerning the blood of infancy, our knowledge today remains incomplete, and many controversial points must still be elucidated. Infancy is a period of life in which anemia is particularly prevalent, and the manifestations o3 anemias in infants and children differ from those seen in later years. Difficulties are encountered in the diagnosis of anemias because of lack of agreemerit as to what values for the red blood cells and the amount of herodglobin constitute normal standards. Hematologic standards for healthy newborn infants ha~e recently been devised by Chuinard, Osgood, and Ellis. 1 They stated that the average erythroeyte count was 4.6 million red cells per cubic millimeter; average hemoglobin concentration, 16.3 Gin. per 100 e.c.; average packed red cell volume, 43.4 e.c. per 100 c.c. of blood; average hemoglobin coefficient, 17.8 corresponding to an average color index of 1.0; average volume coefficient, 46, corresponding to a volume index rang e of from .79 to 1.2; and the average saturation index, 1. They also found that the cells of newborn infants ate larger and contain more hemoglobin than those of older persons but that the corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is similar to that of adults.
Necrophilia, brief review and case report.

The authors present a brief review of the literature on necrophilia and describe an example of inhibited necrophilia, in which the necrophilic fantasies were brought to light through a series of sodium amytal interviews. The psychodynamic origins of the perversion are discussed, with emphasis on the sadistic elements. It is suggested that necrophilic fancies are more common than is generally realized.
Rapid mineralization of electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

We investigated different techniques to enhance calcium phosphate mineral precipitation onto electrospun poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds when incubated in concentrated simulated body fluid (SBF), 10×SBF. The techniques included the use of vacuum, pre-treatment with 0.1 M NaOH and electrospinning gelatin/PLLA blends as means to increase overall mineral precipitation and distribution throughout the scaffolds. Mineral precipitation was evaluated using environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping and the determination of the mineral weight percents. In addition we evaluated the effect of the techniques on mechanical properties, cellular attachment and cellular proliferation on scaffolds. Two treatments, pre-treatment with NaOH and incorporation of 10% gelatin into PLLA solution, both in combination with vacuum, resulted in significantly higher degrees of mineralization (16.55 and 15.14%, respectively) and better mineral distribution on surfaces and through the cross-sect...
Optimal Capacity in a Coordinated Supply Chain

We consider a supply chain in which a retailer faces a stochastic demand, incurs backorder and inventory holding costs and uses a periodic review system to place orders from a manufacturer. The manufacturer must fill the entire order. The manufacturer incurs costs of overtime and undertime if the order deviates from the planned production capacity. We determine the optimal capacity for the manufacturer in case there is no coordination with the retailer as well as in case there is full coordination with the retailer. When there is no coordination the optimal capacity for the manufacturer is found by solving a newsvendor problem. When there is coordination, we present a dynamic programming formulation and establish that the optimal ordering policy for the retailer is characterized by two parameters. The optimal coordinated capacity for the manufacturer can then be obtained by solving a nonlinear programming problem. We present an efficient exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm for computing the manufacturer's capacity. We discuss the impact of coordination on the supply chain cost as well as on the manufacturer's capacity. We also identify the situations in which coordination is most beneficial. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 55: 130-141, 2008
Cost implications to society of delaying childbearing

Within our society, despite peak fertility occurring during a woman’s 20s, many women are choosing to delay childbearing for a variety of reasons. Furthermore, the timeline of female fertility is not readily understood among the general population. Assisted reproductive technologies are being viewed by many as a strategy for coping with age-related infertility. Yet, assisted reproductive technology is limited in its ability to overcome age-related infertility. Fertility preservation strategies, such as egg and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, initially designed for woman receiving gonadotoxic therapies are being offered to a broader audience. Despite these strategies being investigational, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, a majority of clinics in the USA are making egg freezing available to women of all ages for ‘social reasons’. While new technologies are sometimes quick to be embraced, their benefits may not always outweigh the costs. This article seeks to examine the true cos...
Endosperm structural changes in wheat during drying of maturing caryopses

ABSTRACT A transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study was conducted on maturing wheat to determine the sequences of events involved during the drying of preripe starchy endosperm. Field-grown hard red winter wheat Karl and soft red winter wheat Clark were harvested at 21 days after flowering (DAF) and air-dried in the spike at 20°C for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr and until completely air-dried (7 days). Fresh samples of Karl and Clark were also harvested and prepared immediately for microscopy. Both wheat cultivars underwent similar changes during drying. Few changes were observed during the first 8 hr of drying. By 12 hr after the start of drying, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was distended and circularized. Protein bodies were irregular in shape and small autophagic vacuoles were found in the cytoplasm. An amorphous material was first observed in areas of the cytoplasm after 24 hr of drying. RER was typically associated with those regions. Endosperm tissue looked nearly mature after 48 hr ...
Problem-solving styles of accounting students: Are expectations of innovation reasonable?

Abstract In response to input from the profession, accounting programs are attempting to increase the innovative problem-solving skills of their students. However, they have done so without data on what the problem-solving styles of their students are, and without an understanding of the capacity for innovation by different problem-solving styles. This study compares the problem-solving styles of accounting students with other business majors and business minors. Results indicate that accounting students are predominantly adaptive in problem-solving style. Statistical analysis shows a significant difference in the problem-solving style of accounting students and other business majors, with other business majors more likely to be innovative. Implications of these findings for changes in the accounting curriculum and for the profession are discussed.
Principles of Implant-Based Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Defects

The final stages of reconstruction following craniofacial trauma or tumor resection often involve the fitting of prostheses. Development of osseointegrated implants for retention of prostheses has improved function and aesthetic outcome. Placement of osseointegrated implants requires coordinated care from multiple specialists and a lifetime commitment of the patient. The workup and surgical treatment algorithms for placement of intraoral compared with extraoral implants are discussed. The quality and quantity of bone available are the most important factors influencing design and placement. The long-term retention of implants is influenced by implant site, local tissue bed preparation, and hygiene. Osseointegrated implants are a part of the complete rehabilitation of patients with craniomaxillofacial defects. Although final fitting and maintenance of prostheses is completed by prosthodontists and patients, successful placement and preservation of implants is affected largely by the plan set forth by the reconstructive surgeon.
Regulation of transbilayer distribution of a fluorescent sterol in tumor cell plasma membranes

Abstract The lipid composition and transbilayer distribution of plasma membrane isolated from primary tumor (L-929, LM, A-9 and C 3 H) and nine metastatic cell lines cultured under identical conditions was examined. Cultured primary tumor and metastatic cells differed two-fold in sterol/phospholipid molar ratios. There was a direct correlation between plasma membrane anionic phospholipid (phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine) content and plasma membrane sterol/phospholipid ratio. This finding may bear on the possible link between oncogenes and inositol lipids. The fluorescent sterol, dehydroergosterol, was incorporated into primary tumor and metastatic cell lines. Selective quenching of outer monolayer fluorescence by covalently linked trinitrophenyl groups demonstrated an asymmetric transbilayer distribution of sterol in the plasma membranes. The inner monolayer of the plasma membranes from both cultured primary and metastatic tumor cells was enriched in sterol as compared with the outer monolayer Consistent with this, the inner monolayer was distinctly more rigid as determined by the limiting anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene. Dehydroergosterol fluorescence was temperature dependent and sensitive to lateral phase separations in phosphatidylcholine vesicles and in LM cell plasma membranes. Dehydroergosterol detected phase separations near 24°C in the outer monolayer and at 21°C and 37°C in the inner monolayer of LM plasma membranes. Yet, no change in transbilayer sterol distribution was detected in ascending or descending temperature scans between 4 and 45°C. Alterations in plasma membrane phospholipid polar head group composition by choline analogues ( N,N- dimethylethanolamine , N- methylethanolamine , and ethanolamine) also did not perturb transbilayer sterol asymmetry. Treatment with phenobarbital or prilocaine, drugs that selectively fluidize the outer and inner monolayer of LM plasma membranes, respectively, did not change dehydroergosterol transbilayer distribution.
Distance learning and digital libraries: two sides of a single coin

Description of a distance learning course on medieval Catalan language and literature given via teleconferencing between UC Berkeley, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Irvine during fall semester, 1995
Identification of severe maternal morbidity during delivery hospitalizations, United States, 1991-2003

Objective This investigation aimed to identify pregnancy complications and risk factors for women who experienced severe maternal morbidity during the delivery hospitalization and to estimate severe maternal morbidity rates. Study Design We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1991-2003 to identify delivery hospitalizations with maternal diagnoses and procedures that indicated a potentially life-threatening diagnosis or life-saving procedure. Results For 1991-2003, the severe maternal morbidity rate in the United States was 5.1 per 1000 deliveries. Most women who were classified as having severe morbidity had an ICD-9-CM code for transfusion, hysterectomy, or eclampsia. Severe morbidity was more common at the extremes of reproductive age and for black women, compared with white women. Conclusion Severe maternal morbidity is 50 times more common than maternal death. Understanding these experiences of these women potentially could modify the delivery of care in healthcare institutions and influence maternal health policy at the state and national level.
Collaborating for Publication: Suggestions for Those in the Early Childhood Profession

How does one build a publication record in the early childhood profession with labor-intensive teaching, advising, and service activities vying for ones time and attention? An answer, in part, is through collaboration. Our paper describes advantages, potential challenges, and suggestions for successful collaboration. Throughout, we relate some of our personal experiences with the technique.
Preferential inhibition of the low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase activity by pargyline

Pargyline has previously been shown to increase ethanol-induced sleep time, decrease ethanol elimination rate and greatly increase acetaldehyde levels after ethanol administration in mice. In rats pargyline treatment did not significantly alter blood ethanol levels but increased blood acetaldehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner. Using 5 mM propionaldehyde to assay aldehyde dehydrogenase activity only about 40 per cent inhibition of the mitochondrial aldehyde oxidizing capacity was seen with the highest pargyline dose (100 mg/kg). Almost total inhibition of the low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was observed with 50 μM propionaldehyde or 1 mM formaldehyde.
Oxygen-induced gas bubble disease in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

. An Aquatector oxygen injection unit was used to supersaturate a hatchery water supply to 200% oxygen saturation (18–20mg/l) and increase the total gas pressure to 120% of saturation. Nitrogen saturation was reduced to near 100%. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), held in the treated water developed signs of gas bubble disease in 4 days, and 50% died within 20 days. We demonstrated that supersaturated total gas pressure due to excessive oxygen saturation causes gas bubble disease in the absence of supersaturated nitrogen gas. It is recommended that users of oxygen injection systems closely adjust the amount of oxygen added to the water to keep the total gas pressure near saturation.
Thoracic Mass Lesions in Immuno-incompetent Patients

An aggressive surgical approach was used in the diagnosis and treatment of seven immuno-incompetent patients who presented with focal thoracic mass lesions. In five of the seven patients, minor diagnostic procedures had failed to provide a diagnosis. All seven patients were subjected to exploratory thoracotomy with resection and/or drainage of the involved area. Two patients had parenchymal masses, two had lung abscesses, two had empyemas with trapped lung, and one had a bronchial fistula. An accurate diagnosis and full resolution of the intrathoracic process was obtained in all patients. There was little morbidity and no operative mortality in this series. Resection of focal thoracic lesions in immuno-incompetent patients combines accurate diagnosis with precise therapy and is well tolerated in this high risk group of patients.
PROGRESSION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS: SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT WITH RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION

Percutaneous positioning of closure devices is a well-established treatment of atrial septal defects (ASD). Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent in these pts, and it is unclear whether ASD closure might affect the progression of AF in pts presenting with concomitant ASD and AF. We report the
Light scattering temperature jump relaxations in mixed solvent suspensions of phosphatidylcholine vesicles.

Abstract Lipid vesicles were prepared from hen egg yolk phosphatidylcholine according to Huang's method. A relaxation of approx. 0.4 msec was observed in the intensity of white light scattered from an aqueous suspension of these vesicles following a rapid Joule heating temperature jump. This relaxation was observed to lengthen to about 1.5 msec as non-electrolyte (glycol, glycerol, 1,3-propanediol, or 1,4-butanediol) was added to the medium. The relaxation was attributed to passage of small molecules through the lipid membrane. The solvent viscosity was found to have a more pronounced effect upon the measured relaxation than did the size of the added non-electrolyte molecules.
Protein kinase C redistribution within CA3 stratum oriens during acquisition of nictitating membrane conditioning in the rabbit.

Abstract This manuscript describes experiments designed to investigate protein kinase C redistribution occurring during acquisition of the rabbit nictitating membrane (NM) conditioned response (CR). The first experiment defined the acquisition phase of the NM response for our laboratory. A group of rabbits (n = 6) was given 2 days of paired NM training; a second group (n = 6) was given 2 days of unpaired NM training. The data document a variable level of responding on day 1 for rabbits given paired training (mean +/- SEM, 21 +/- 11% CRs) but show that on day 2 most rabbits reached the behavioral asymptote (five of six rabbits responding with greater than 85% CRs). Rabbits responding at the behavioral asymptote were defined as having acquired the NM conditioned response. These data were interpreted to indicate that 1 day of training initiated processes necessary for behavioral acquisition (i.e., responding at the behavioral asymptote). A quantitative film autoradiographic study of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding was then used to determine the distribution of hippocampal protein kinase C in rabbits sacrificed after receiving either 1 day of paired stimuli (n = 10), 1 day of unpaired stimuli (n = 6), or no stimuli (n = 6). Autoradiograms were analyzed by measuring binding in strictly defined regions of interest and from transept profiles. A significant increase in binding of the phorbol ester was found in the CA3 stratum oriens in the paired group relative to unpaired and naive controls. No other significant differences were found.
Icing-Tunnel Tests of a Glycol-Exuding, Porous Leading-Edge Ice Protection System

A glycol-exuding, porous leading-edge ice protection system was tested in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel at Lewis Research Center. Test results showed that the system was very effective in preventing ice accretion (antiice mode) or removing ice from an airfoil. Minimum glycol flow rates required for anti-icing are a function of velocity, liquid water content in the air, ambient temperature, and droplet size. Large ice caps were removed in only a few minutes using anti-ice flow rates, with the shed time being a function of the type of ice, size of the ice cap, angle of attack, and glycol flow rate. Wake survey measurements showed that no significant drag penalty was associated with the installation or operation of the system tested.
Effect of ‘unstirred’ water layer in the intestine on the rate and extent of absorption after oral administration

The presence of an aqueous diffusion layer or 'unstirred' water layer adjacent to the intestinal membrane has long been regarded as a potential barrier for intestinal absorption of compounds. Theoretical analyses were performed in the present study to quantitatively determine the effect of this layer on the rate and extent of absorption of passively absorbed compounds with different membrane absorption half-lives (10 to 300 min) in humans, dogs, rabbits, rats and mice. Diffusion half-lives across this (40 microns thick) layer were estimated to be 5.8, 2.5, 1.1, 0.65 and 0.32 min, respectively, in the distended intestine of the above five species. These half-lives are reduced by about 5-fold when the intestine is about 80% 'flat' in fasting state. The results of extensive analysis indicate that the presence of such a layer is generally expected to have a relatively mild or insignificant effect on the rate of absorption and an insignificant effect on the extent of absorption. The study also indicates that an aqueous layer of 708 microns has practically no effect on the extent of absorption of progesterone, a highly lipophilic compound, in rats. For prediction of or correlation with the fraction of oral dose absorbed after oral administration, the present study indicates that use of apparent or effective permeability rather than unbiased or true wall (membrane) permeability, as advocated earlier by others, should generally suffice.
The mass accommodation coefficient of ammonium nitrate aerosol

Abstract The mass transfer rate of pure ammonium nitrate between the aerosol and gas phases was quantified experimentally by the use of the tandem differential mobility analyzer/scanning mobility particle sizer (TDMA/SMPS) technique. Ammonium nitrate particles 80–220 nm in diameter evaporated in purified air in a laminar flow reactor under temperatures of 20–27°C and relative humidities in the vicinity of 10%. The evaporation rates were calculated by comparing the initial and final size distributions. A theoretical expression of the evaporation rate incorporating the Kelvin effect and the effect of relative humidity on the equilibrium constant is developed. The measurements were consistent with the theoretical predictions but there was evidence of a small kinetic resistance to the mass transfer rate. The discrepancy can be explained by a mass accommodation coefficient ranging from 0.8 to 0.5 as temperature increases from 20–27°C. The corresponding timescale of evaporation for submicron NH 4 NO 3 particles in the atmosphere is of the order of a few seconds to 20 min.
Perpendicular recording: the promise and the problems

Abstract Perpendicular recording has long been advocated as a means of achieving the highest areal densities. In particular, in the context of the ‘superparamagnetic limit’, perpendicular recording with a soft underlayer promises several key advantages. These advantages include a higher coercivity, thicker media that should permit smaller diameter grains and higher signal-to-noise ratio. Also, the sharper edge-writing will facilitate recording at very high track densities (lower bit aspect ratio). Recent demonstrations of the technology have shown densities comparable with the highest densities reported for longitudinal recording. This paper further examines the promise that perpendicular recording will deliver an increase in areal density two to eight times higher than that achievable with longitudinal recording. There are a number of outstanding issues but the key challenge is to create a low-noise medium with a coercivity that is high and is much larger than the remanent magnetization.
Why does coherence appear truth-conducive?

This paper aims to reconcile (i) the intuitively plausible view that a higher degree of coherence among independent pieces of evidence makes the hypothesis they support more probable, and (ii) the negative results in Bayesian epistemology to the effect that there is no probabilistic measure of coherence such that a higher degree of coherence among independent pieces of evidence makes the hypothesis they support more probable. I consider a simple model in which the negative result appears in a stark form: the prior probability of the hypothesis and the individual vertical relations between each piece of evidence and the hypothesis completely determine the conditional probability of the hypothesis given the total evidence, leaving no room for the lateral relation (such as coherence) among the pieces of evidence to play any role. Despite this negative result, the model also reveals that a higher degree of coherence is indirectly associated with a higher conditional probability of the hypothesis because a higher degree of coherence indicates stronger individual supports. This analysis explains why coherence appears truth-conducive but in such a way that it defeats the idea of coherentism since the lateral relation (such as coherence) plays no independent role in the confirmation of the hypothesis.
Monitoring security events using integrated correlation-based techniques

We propose an adaptive cyber security monitoring system that integrates a number of component techniques to collect time-series situation information, perform intrusion detection, and characterize and identify security events so corresponding defense actions can be taken in a timely and effective manner. We employ a decision fusion algorithm with analytically proven performance guarantee for intrusion detection based on local votes from distributed sensors. The security events in the proposed system are represented as forms of correlation networks using random matrix theory and identified through the computation of network similarity measurement. Extensive simulation results on event identification illustrate the efficacy of the proposed system.
Hostile takeover defenses that maximize shareholder wealth

In contrast to friendly takeovers, when the bidder’s proposal receives a positive reaction from the target’s executives and board of directors, hostile bids are unsolicited offers that challenge the strategic direction and leadership of the company. Facilitating the takeover may result in short-term share appreciation, but the associated loss of the company’s strategic agenda or governance team may result in longer-term stock price declines.
Implications of poikilitic textures in LL-group chondrites

Five lithic fragments with poikilitic textures in five LL-group chondrites are examined by microscope and electron microprobe to determine whether the textures have resulted from processes related to impact events, such as thermal metamorphism or partial melting. The bulk and pyroxene compositions of the fragments are determined. The compositional characteristics of minerals in certain fragments are found to indicate an apparent melt origin. It is concluded that impact processes produced the poikilitic textures and that complete melting, partial melting, and solid-state recrystallization all have had some part in producing the textures.
Rubber modified concrete improved by chemically active coating and silane coupling agent

In the study, a new approach was employed to improve the performance of rubber modified cement concrete by developing a cementitious coating layer around rubber particles with silane coupling agent. To validate the effectiveness of the approach, coated and uncoated rubber modified concrete were evaluated through laboratory experiments. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, chloride ion resistance, and energy absorption capability were characterized through laboratory tests for concrete containing different contents of crumb rubber. The results show that the compressive and split tensile strength of the concrete incorporating coated rubber improved by 10–20%, compared to concrete with uncoated rubber. Although concrete with uncoated rubber exhibited lower chloride ion resistance than control concrete without rubber, concrete with coated rubber could maintain chloride ion resistance similar to that of control concrete. The energy absorption capability of concrete was also improved through the cementitious layer developed using silane coupling agent.
Simulation of Daily Weather Data Using Theoretical Probability Distributions

Abstract A computer simulation model was constructed to supply daily weather data to a plant disease management model for potato late blight. In the weather model Monte Carlo techniques were employed to generate daily values of precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity and total solar radiation. Each weather variable is described by a known theoretical probability distribution but the values of the parameters describing each distribution are dependent on the occurrence of rainfall. Precipitation occurrence is described by a first-order Markov chain. The amount of rain, given that rain has occurred, is described by a gamma probability distribution. Maximum and minimum temperature are simulated with a trivariate normal probability distribution involving maximum temperature on the previous day, maximum temperature on the current day and minimum temperature on the current day. Parameter values for this distribution are dependent on the occurrence of rain on the previou...
Toxicology and pharmacokinetic study of orally administered 5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'deoxyribose (IPdR) x 28 days in Fischer-344 rats: impact on the initial clinical phase I trial design of IPdR-mediated radiosensitization.

A toxicology and pharmacokinetic study of orally administered (po) IPdR (5-3iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2′deoxyribose, NSC-726188) was performed in Fischer-344 rats using a once daily (qd) × 28 days dosing schedule as proposed for an initial phase I clinical trial of IPdR as a radiosensitizer. For the toxicology assessment, 80 male and female rats (10/sex/dosage group) were randomly assigned to groups receiving either 0, 0.2, 1.0 or 2.0 g kg−1day−1 of po IPdR × 28 days and one-half were observed to day 57 (recovery group). Animals were monitored for clinical signs during and following treatment with full necropsy of one-half of each dosage group at day 29 and 57. For the plasma pharmacokinetic assessment, 40 rats (10/sex/dosage group) were randomly assigned to groups receiving either 0.2 or 1.0 g kg−1day−1 of po IPdR × 28 days with multiple blood samplings on days 1 and 28 and single blood sampling on days 8 and 15. No drug-related deaths occurred. Higher IPdR doses resulted in transient weight loss and transient decreased hemoglobins but had no effect on white cells or platelets. Complete serum chemistry evaluation showed transient mild decreases in total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and serum globulin. Necropsy evaluation at day 29 showed minimal to mild histopathologic changes in bone marrow, lymph nodes and liver; all reversed by day 59. There were no sex-dependent differences in plasma pharmacokinetics of IPdR noted and the absorption and elimination kinetics of IPdR were found to be linear over the dose range studied. A once-daily dosing schedule of po IPdR for 28 days with doses up to 2.0 g kg−1day−1 appeared to be well tolerated in Fischer-344 rats. Drug-related weight loss and microscopic changes in bone marrow, lymph nodes and liver were observed. These changes were all reversed by day 57. IPdR disposition was linear over the dose range used. However, based on day 28 kinetics it appears that IPdR elimination is enhanced following repeated administration. These toxicology and pharmacokinetic data were used when considering the design of our initial phase I trial of po IPdR as a clinical radiosensitizer.
PET imaging of brain acetylcholinesterase using [11C]CP-126,998, a brain selective enzyme inhibitor.

PET and [11C]CP-126,998, an N-benzylpiperidinebenzisoxazole, were used to image brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) distribution in healthy controls before and after administration of 5 mg donepezil p.o., a reversible AChE inhibitor. Logan plots were used to compute distribution volumes (VT). The VT of [11C]CP-126,998 was highest in the basal ganglia and cerebellum and lowest in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. The regional VT values correlated well with AChE concentration measured in vitro. Donepezil, given 4 h before PET scanning, induced a substantial inhibition of [11C]CP-126,998 binding (43–62%) in all brain regions when compared to the baseline PET study. The results of this study indicate that PET imaging of [11C]CP-126,998 may be useful in quantifying the distribution of regional brain AChE. This new PET radiotracer may potentially be employed in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with disorders of cholinergic neurotransmission, such as Alzheimer's disease. Synapse 45:1–9, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.