cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isoflavone-Rich Soy Protein Isolate Suppresses Androgen Receptor Expression without Altering Estrogen Receptor-β Expression or Serum Hormonal Profiles in Men at High Risk of Prostate Cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of soy protein isolate consumption on circulating hormone profiles and hormone receptor expression patterns in men at high risk for developing advanced prostate cancer. Fifty-eight men were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 protein isolates containing 40 g/d protein: 1) soy protein isolate (SPI+) (107 mg/d isoflavones); 2) alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI-) (<6 mg/d isoflavones); or 3) milk protein isolate (0 mg/d isoflavones). For 6 mo, the men consumed the protein isolates in divided doses twice daily as a partial meal replacement. Serum samples collected at 0, 3, and 6 mo were analyzed for circulating estradiol, estrone, sex hormone-binding globulin, androstenedione, androstanediol glucuronide, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and free testosterone concentrations by RIA. Prostate biopsy samples obtained pre- and postintervention were analyzed for androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor-beta expression by immunohistochemistry. At 6 mo, consumption of SPI+ significantly suppressed AR expression but did not alter estrogen receptor-beta expression or circulating hormones. Consumption of SPI- significantly increased estradiol and androstenedione concentrations, and tended to suppress AR expression (P = 0.09). Although the effects of SPI- consumption on estradiol and androstenedione are difficult to interpret and the clinical relevance is uncertain, these data show that AR expression in the prostate is suppressed by soy protein isolate consumption, which may be beneficial in preventing prostate cancer.
Partially decoupled Volterra filters: formulation and LMS adaptation

The adaptation of Volterra filters by one particular method-the method of least mean squares (LMS)-while easily implemented, is complicated by the fact that upper hounds for the values of step sizes employed by a parallel update LMS scheme are difficult to obtain. In this paper, we propose a modification of the Volterra filter in which the filter weights of a given order are optimized independently of those weights of higher order. Using this approach, we then solve the minimum mean square error (MMSE) filtering problem as a series of constrained optimization problems, which produce a partially decoupled normal equation for the Volterra filter. From this normal equation, we are able to develop an adaptation routine that uses the principles of partial decoupling that is similar in form to the Volterra LMS algorithm but with important structural differences that allow a straightforward derivation of bounds on the algorithm's step sizes; these bounds can be shown to depend on the respective diagonal blocks of the Volterra autocorrelation matrix. This produces a reliable set of design guidelines that allow more rapid convergence of the lower order weight sets.
Oral Fluid–Based Biomarkers of Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis

Periodontal disease is a bacteria-induced chronic inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard supporting structures encompassing the teeth. When left untreated, the ultimate outcome is alveolar bone loss and exfoliation of the involved teeth. Traditional periodontal diagnostic methods include assessment of clinical parameters and radiographs. Though efficient, these conventional techniques are inherently limited in that only a historical perspective, not current appraisal, of disease status can be determined. Advances in the use of oral fluids as possible biological samples for objective measures of current disease state, treatment monitoring, and prognostic indicators have boosted saliva and other oral-based fluids to the forefront of technology. Oral fluids contain locally and systemically derived mediators of periodontal disease, including microbial, host-response, and bone-specific resorptive markers. Although most biomarkers in oral fluids represent inflammatory mediators, several specific collagen degradation and bone turnover-related molecules have emerged as possible measures of periodontal disease activity. Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP), for example, has been highly correlated with clinical features of the disease and decreases in response to intervention therapies, and has been shown to possess predictive properties for possible future disease activity. One foreseeable benefit of an oral fluid-based periodontal diagnostic would be identification of highly susceptible individuals prior to overt disease. Timely detection and diagnosis of disease may significantly affect the clinical management of periodontal patients by offering earlier, less invasive, and more cost-effective treatment therapies.
Microfluidics for the analysis of behavior, nerve regeneration, and neural cell biology in C. elegans

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely adopted model organism for studying various neurobiological processes at the molecular and cellular level in vivo. With a small, flexible, and continuously moving body, the manipulation of C. elegans becomes a challenging task. In this review, we highlight recent advances in microfluidic technologies for the manipulation of C. elegans. These new family of microfluidic chips are capable of handling single or populations of worms in a high-throughput fashion and accurately controlling their microenvironment. So far, they have been successfully used to study neural circuits and behavior, to perform large-scale phetotyping and morphology-based screens as well as to understand axon regeneration after injury. We envision that microfluidic chips can further be used to study different aspects of the C. elegans nervous system, extending from fundamental understanding of behavioral dynamics to more complicated biological processes such as neural aging and learning and memory.
Performance Evaluation of Different Hardware Models of RC5 Algorithm

Nowadays transmitting data securely over a network is gaining more and more importance and is triggering a need for an improvement in performance of the encryption algorithms. Even though the software implementation has the advantages of portability, flexibility and ease of use it provides a limited physical security as well as agility. When compared to the software implementation, the hardware implementation is having positive features like improvement in operating speed and security. The other advantages that lead to the hardware implementation are less power consumption, allocation of resources, re-configurability, architecture efficiency and cost efficiency. This paper presents a performance evaluation of two hardware models of RC5 algorithm. Evaluations will be used to determine the best hardware model for two different system requirements.
A new algorithm for improved VDD assignment in low power dual VDD systems

We present the first in-depth study of the two existing algorithms, namely, Clustered Voltage Scaling (CVS) and Extended Clustered Voltage Scaling (ECVS), used for assigning the voltage supply to gates in integrated circuits having dual power supplies. We present a comparison of the achievable power savings using these algorithms on various benchmark circuits and first point out that ECVS does provide appreciably larger power improvements compared to CVS. We then provide a new algorithm based on ECVS that further improves the power savings by efficient assignment of the power supplies to the gates. Our new algorithm provides up to 66% power reduction and improves the power savings by up to 28% and 13% with respect to CVS and ECVS respectively. Furthermore, since level conversion is an essential component of dual power supply systems we also present the first circuit-specific sensitivity study of achievable power savings to the energy and delay penalties imposed by level conversion.
Radar facies of unconsolidated sediments in The Netherlands: A radar stratigraphy interpretation method for hydrogeology

Since 1990, The Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO has been carrying out ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements to assess the potential for imaging and characterising different hydrogeological targets in more than 30 pilot areas in The Netherlands. The experience gained by processing this large amount of radar data has enabled reflection patterns characteristic of different depositional sedimentary environments to be identified. This paper presents typical examples of radar patterns for almost all the sedimentary environments in The Netherlands which are suitable for GPR measurements, including glacial (push moraines, glacio-fluvial deposits, glacio-lacustrine deposits), aeolian (coastal sand dunes, river dunes, cover sands), fluvial (braided river systems, meandering river systems), lacustrine (fen pools) and marine (beach ridges, estuarine deposits, littoral facies). Listing the different radar facies elements characteristic of each environment forms an aid for identifying the types of sedimentary sequences. This radar stratigraphy procedure will be helpful when defining the hydrogeological setting of the subsurface. Aquifer imaging is completed by characterising the reflections from the water table in the various environments as well as the reflection patterns from the host rock, because the intensity of a water-table reflection largely depends on grain size. The most characteristic parts of the GPR sections representative of the different sedimentary environments of The Netherlands have been grouped into a synoptic 'radar facies atlas', together with the inferred reflection patterns.
Molecular analysis of the sodium/iodide symporter: impact on thyroid and extrathyroid pathophysiology.

The Na+/I−symporter (NIS) is an intrinsic membrane protein that mediates the active transport of iodide into the thyroid and other tissues, such as salivary glands, gastric mucosa, and lactating ma...
Combinatorial synthesis with high throughput discovery of protein-resistant membrane surfaces

Abstract Using combinatorial methods, we synthesized a series of new vinyl amide monomers and graft-polymerized them to light-sensitive poly(ether sulfone) (PES) porous films for protein resistance. To increase the discovery rate and statistical confidence, we developed high throughput surface modification methods (HTP) that allow synthesis, screening and selection of desirable monomers from a large library in a relatively short time (days). A series of amide monomers were synthesized by amidation of methacryloyl chloride with amines and grafted onto commercial poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes using irradiation from atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The modified PES membrane surfaces were then tested and screened for static protein adhesion using HTP. Hydroxyl amide monomers N-(3-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (A3), N-(4-hydroxybutyl)methacrylamide (A4), and N-(4-hydroxybutyl)methacrylamide (A6), ethylene glycol (EG) monomer N-(3-methoxypropyl)methacrylamide (A7), and N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methylmethacrylamide (A8), and N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-N-methylmethacrylamide (A9) all terminated with tertiary amines and were shown to have protein resistance. The PES membranes modified with these monomers exhibited both low protein adhesion (i.e. membrane plugging or fouling) and high flux. Their performance is comparable with previously identified best performing PEG and zwitterionic monomers, i.e. the so-called gold-standard for protein resistance. Combining a Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) analysis of the amide monomers and the HTP filtration results, we conclude that monomer solubility in water correlates with protein-resistant surfaces, presumably through its effects on surface–water interactions.
An Application-Oriented Fair Resource Allocation Scheme for EPON

This paper investigates an application-oriented bandwidth allocation scheme to ensure fairness among queues with diversified quality-of-serice (QoS) requirements in EPONs. Formerly, differentiated services (DiffServ) were suggested to be used in EPON so as to provision some queues with higher QoS over others. However, owing to the coarse granularity, DiffServ can hardly facilitate any particular QoS profile of an application in EPONs. In this paper, we define application utilities to quantify users' quality-of-experience (QoE) as a function of network layer QoS metrics. Then, we formulate the fair resource allocation issue into a utility max-min optimization problem, which is quasiconcave over queues' delayed traffic and dropped traffic. Utilizing the quasiconvex property, we propose to employ the bisection method to solve the optimization problem. The optimal value can be achieved by proper bandwidth allocation and queue management in EPONs. Detailed implementation of the proposed algorithm is discussed, and simulation results show that our proposed scheme can ensure fairness and guarantee QoS with fine granularity.
Modular Brain Networks

The development of new technologies for mapping structural and functional brain connectivity has led to the creation of comprehensive network maps of neuronal circuits and systems. The architecture of these brain networks can be examined and analyzed with a large variety of graph theory tools. Methods for detecting modules, or network communities, are of particular interest because they uncover major building blocks or subnetworks that are particularly densely connected, often corresponding to specialized functional components. A large number of methods for community detection have become available and are now widely applied in network neuroscience. This article first surveys a number of these methods, with an emphasis on their advantages and shortcomings; then it summarizes major findings on the existence of modules in both structural and functional brain networks and briefly considers their potential functional roles in brain evolution, wiring minimization, and the emergence of functional specialization...
Model-Based 3D Object Tracking Using an Extended-Extended Kalman Filter and Graphics Rendered Measurements

This paper presents a model-based 3D object tracking system that uses an improved Extended Kalman filter (EKF) with graphics rendering as the measurement function. During tracking, features are automatically selected from the input images. For each camera, an estimated observation and multiple perturbed observations are rendered for the object. Corresponding features are extracted from the sample images, and their estimated/perturbed measurements are acquired. These sample measurements and the real measurements of the features are then sent to an extended EKF (EEKF). Finally, the EEKF uses the sample measurements to compute high order approximations of the nonlinear measurement functions, and updates the state estimate of the object in an iterative form. The system is scalable to different types of renderable models and measureable features. We present results showing that the approach can be used to track a rigid object, from multiple views, in real-time.
Providing NPR-Style Time-Shifted Streaming in P2P Systems

Digital video recorder (DVR) style and non-prerecording (NPR) style are two possible implementations for P2P-based time-shifted streaming, but existing P2P streaming solutions are not suitable to implement the NPR method. Since peers can view any arbitrary video segments which have been broadcasted, they might encounter severe video quality problems and the server bandwidth consumption can become high. In this paper, we focus on minimizing the server bandwidth consumption to maintain smooth streaming service in NPR-style P2P-based time-shifted streaming. To reduce the server cost, peers prefetch segments which are not required for their current viewing. Hence even if they are viewing different parts of the video, they can exchange segments with one another. However, segment prefetching competes for bandwidth with ordinary segment fetching, and it might bring negative impact. A good prefetching solution should not affect peers' viewing experience. We formulate the problem of finding a prefetching solution as an optimization problem, with the objective to minimize the server bandwidth consumption. Then we propose a heuristic algorithm by decomposing the global optimization problem into a set of smaller problems. Each peer runs this algorithm to determine which segments to prefetch and how to serve other peers. Simulation experiments demonstrate that our design provides P2P-based time-shifted streaming at low server bandwidth consumption.
Numerical study on the injection performance of AlGaAs/GaAs abrupt emitter heterojunction bipolar transistors

The injection performance of abrupt emitter HBT's and related effects on the device characteristics are studied by taking an Npn Al/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As/GaAs/GaAs HBT as an example. In order to take into account the coupled transport phenomena of drift-diffusion and tunneling-emission processes across the abrupt heterojunction in a single coupled formulation, a numerical technique based on the boundary condition approach is employed. Compared to previous numerical investigations relying on either a drift-diffusion or a tunneling-emission scheme, more complete and accurate characterization of abrupt emitter HBT's has been achieved in this study. It is demonstrated that the presence of abrupt discontinuities of the conduction and valence bands at the emitter-base junction brings several different features to the injection efficiency and recombination characteristics of abrupt emitter HBT's compared to graded emitter HBT's. Based on investigations of the emitter doping effects on the current drive capability and device gain, an optimum emitter doping density is determined for a given structure. When the emitter-base p-n junction of the abrupt emitter HBT is slightly displaced with respect to the heterojunction, significant changes in the electrical characteristics are observed. A small displacement of the p-n junction into the narrow bandgap semiconductor is found to be very attractive for the performance optimization of abrupt emitter HBT's. >
Framing national security: Elite public discourse on nuclear weapons during the cold war

Political discourse can provoke, preempt, or quell social movements, identifying which issues are most accessible for challenge and how. Movements are not simply reactive, however, and can affect public discourse, forcing political leaders and established elites to respond to their concerns. As a result public discourse may reflect the conflict between various actors, as challengers seek to redefine the issues of their concerns and shape viable political solutions. Challengers offer alternative “frames” for ordering consideration of political issues, creating contests both between activists and mainstream media within mainstream media. This article analyzes the “framing” of national security in elite discourse on nuclear weapons and the Soviet Union and its relationship to the broader political climate, including peace movement activism. I compare specialized political discourse, expert strategic discourse, and scientific public discourse from 1945 to 1989. I identify three “master frames” regarding natio...
Anxious Politics: The Politics of Anxiety: Anxiety's Role in Public Opinion

This is a time when we're faced, not with a nation that is – that is extraordinarily secure in a very, very calm world. We're facing a very dangerous world. Mitt Romney, 2011, New Hampshire GOP Primary Debate Politicians regularly sound alarm bells. To listen to contemporary political debates, immigrants are taking hard-working Americans’ jobs, terrorists are getting past our defenses, and we are irreversibly destroying our environment for future generations. It is a very dangerous world. If we think back to two of the most memorable presidential advertisements, LBJ's 1964 Daisy ad and the 1988 Willie Horton ad, both have strong elements of fear. The Daisy ad confronts viewers with a nuclear war while the Willie Horton ad warns of a world where lax law enforcement allows dangerous criminals out on weekend passes. Both ads are designed to scare viewers and urge them to choose the safer option. Our purpose here is not to evaluate the veracity of any particular threats but to evaluate how people react to political alarms. In previous chapters, we explored the effects of anxiety on learning and trust and found that anxiety biases learning and the kinds of leaders that we trust in systematic ways. So far, we have not addressed the basic public opinion question – what sorts of policies do anxious people support? This final empirical chapter is devoted to the attitudinal consequences of anxiety. We argue that anxiety can trigger support for protective measures. In each section, we draw specific hypotheses about how protection is manifest across the four policy areas: public health, immigration, terrorism, and climate change. Policies can be considered protective based on the quality of the policy, because political leaders frame them as such, or because few opposing policies effectively challenge them. These four cases provide examples of policy areas with clear best protective practices (public health) and where elite frames shape views of what constitutes protection (immigration, terrorism, climate change). These policies also vary in their connection to partisan politics. How to tackle disease outbreaks is less contentious on partisan grounds than is the best way to stem illegal immigration flows or prevent future terrorist attacks, where “best practices” tend to depend on the party advocating the policy. In three of the policy areas (immigration, terrorism, climate change), one party's ownership creates an advantage for its preferred protective policy.
Notes on Satisfactions at a Street Dance

Observations at a street dance indicated that individuals exposed to more social stimulation “moved around” the dance site less and that those who were most active when the band was playing talked the most during “band breaks.” Both results were interpreted as pointing toward the importance of stimulation in social and recreational situations.
Taxonomy and morphology of the synanamorphs Pilidium concavum and Hainesia lythri (Coelomycetes)

Single conidial isolates from the hemispheric, non-ostiolate conidiomata of Pilidium concavum consistently yielded the cupulate to discoid, stalked conidiomata of Hainesia lythri. Cultural characters and conidiomatal morphology on several agar media and on alfalfa and blackberry stems were recorded. Detailed descriptions of both synanamorphs in culture and on host substrate are provided as well as a nomenclator for both morphs. Sclerotiopsis testudinea and P. concavum are considered conspecific based on comparison of type specimens. Lectotype specimens are designated for five names.
ID: 107: MITOXANTRONE INHIBITS TGFβ1-INDUCED SIGNALING THROUGH PROMOTING TGFβ RECEPTOR II DEGRADATION

Background The transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signaling pathway and its downstream effects play a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. TGFβ induces the phosphorylation of transcriptional factors SMAD2 and SMAD3, thereby increasing the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin (FN), two key proteins in the development of fibrosis. This effect is mediated by two receptors, TGFβ receptor I (TβRI) and TGFβ receptor II (TβRII). The protein stability of TβRI has been well studied, while the molecular regulation of TβRII still remains unclear. This project elucidates the role that Mitoxantrone (MTX), a FDA-approved anti-cancer drug, has in the regulation of TGFβ1 signaling through the reduction of TβRII stability. Methods and Results To study TGFβ1 signaling, human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) was used. As expected, TGFβ1 treatment of MRC-5 cells induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, with the ultimate expression of FN and SMA. These effects of TGFβ1 on FN and SMA were attenuated by MTX treatment, without altering SMAD2 and SMAD3 levels. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which MTX regulates TGFβ1 signaling, we examined the expression of TβRI and TβRII. MTX reduced TβRII levels in time and dose dependent manners, while MTX had no effect on TβRI levels. MTX-induced TβRII degradation was inhibited by proteasome inhibitor (MG-132), not lysosome inhibitor (Leupeptin). Overexpression of HA tagged ubiquitin promoted MTX-induced TβRII degradation, suggesting that TβRII degradation by MTX is through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Further, MTX increased TβRII ubiquitination and reduced TβRII neddylation, which has been known to negatively regulate TβRII stability by c-Cbl. Conclusion These studies reveal that treatment with MTX reduces the levels of TβRII by increasing its ubiquitination and reduction of TβRII neddylation; therefore, MTX is a potential anti-fibrotic drug for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The study is supported by NIH R01 HL112791 (to YZ), NIH R01GM115389 (to JZ), and American Lung Association Biomedical Research Grant RG350146 (to J.Z.).
The Application on the Design of Truck Door of CAE Simulate Analyze

In this paper,combining with the development process of a door inner panel of SGMW's new vehicle,provide some ways and skills to improve the rigidness of door assembly with CAE software.
The Pynchon Intertext of Lempriere's Dictionary

Lawrence Norfolk's historical novel of the eighteenth century, Lempriere's Dictionary, has received both praise and criticism for its complexity and labyrinthine plotting. The most cutting commentary came in Alfred Corn's New York Times review, where Corn asks, "Why would anyone with [Norfolk's] gifts for language also use the kind of undergraduate plot manipulation that fills out the pages of this long novel? At best, the answer might involve familiar pronouncements about postmodernism and artificiality." Norfolk himself indirectly answers Corn in a piece he wrote for the Times Literary Supplement, "The Honesty of Pagemonsters." Norfolk twice cites Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow there (along with works by Balzac, Victor Hugo, Henry James, Proust, and others) as an example of a long novel that truly represents "the central fact of modern reality: that there is always more of it, that it exceeds, and outstrips, and exasperates.” Pynchon's reality does exceed epistemological boundaries. In his novels, binary thinking is limiting and chains the human soul to the eschatology of the machine; to escape, humankind can discard binaries and revel in life's excess –sometimes figured as detritus, sometimes as the visionary sublime. In Gravity's Rainbow, both plunging through a feces-filled sewer on the way to the sea and dancing in the wasteland with a childghost allow Siothrop to enter the excess of the real. Norfolk argues that to represent this chaotic mess of reality in fiction calls for a huge form, a Melvillean baggy monster, that can approach, but not capture, consensus reality's alogicality.
Some Considerations in Evaluating School Consultation Programs

Evaluation of social service programs is difficult under the best of circumstances. Problems of program variation, lack of control over the context in which evaluation is conducted, and difficulty in defining a single set of objectives and criteria applicable across programs all pose special challenges. An input-process-output model often proves inadequate because of difficulty in standardizing its components. In an effort to get beyond reliance on case studies, evaluators are urged to employ experimental and quasi-experimental designs.1 Of course, the values which govern service delivery have generally mitigated against the random assignment of clients to groups from which services are withheld, thus making true experimental designs virtually out of the question. The use of quasi-experimental designs, using “comparison groups” rather than true control groups, provides a partial answer to this dilemma, but one far from satisfactory.
Electronic structure of Bi3Gay(-) semiconductor clusters and the special stability of Bi3Ga2- – A gas phase Zintl analogue

Abstract Here we present evidence that the gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO–LUMO gap) can be tuned (1.12–1.89 eV) by changing the Ga composition of Bi 3 Ga y anionic and neutral clusters, some of which display special stability. Collaboratively, mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy and computational results show that Bi 3 Ga 2 - is a very stable cluster with a large calculated HOMO–LUMO gap of 1.89 eV, and can be viewed as a gas phase Zintl analogue of Sn 5 2 - , already synthesized in the solution phase. The stability of Bi 3 Ga 2 - is further attributed to the fact that it has 12 valence electrons and possesses a closo structure in agreement with Wade’s rules.
Organic compounds in hydraulic fracturing fluids and wastewaters: A review

High volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) of shale to stimulate the release of natural gas produces a large quantity of wastewater in the form of flowback fluids and produced water. These wastewaters are highly variable in their composition and contain a mixture of fracturing fluid additives, geogenic inorganic and organic substances, and transformation products. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of organic compounds identified in HVHF fluids, flowback fluids, and produced waters are reviewed here to communicate knowledge gaps that exist in the composition of HVHF wastewaters. In general, analyses of organic compounds have focused on those amenable to gas chromatography, focusing on volatile and semi-volatile oil and gas compounds. Studies of more polar and non-volatile organic compounds have been limited by a lack of knowledge of what compounds may be present as well as quantitative methods and standards available for analyzing these complex mixtures. Liquid chromatography paired with high-resolution mass spectrometry has been used to investigate a number of additives and will be a key tool to further research on transformation products that are increasingly solubilized through physical, chemical, and biological processes in situ and during environmental contamination events. Diverse treatments have been tested and applied to HVHF wastewaters but limited information has been published on the quantitative removal of individual organic compounds. This review focuses on recently published information on organic compounds identified in flowback fluids and produced waters from HVHF.
Macro-Structural Perspectives on Social Differentiation and Organizational Evolution in Online Groups

Although this volume is not intended to resolve the age-old philosophical argument about the uniqueness of human existence, it does stake out a perimeter in the debate about the nature of online sociability, which we see as a very specific phenomenon with particular characteristics. To accomplish this, we need to start with a few preliminary considerations about social behavior in general, as online sociability is a species of a given genus.
Experimental Flight Characterization of a Canard-Controlled, Subsonic Missile

Abstract : The goal of this study is to improve understanding of maneuvering flight and reduce aerodynamic uncertainty of guided munitions to compress the iterative design cycle and realize enhanced maneuverability vehicles. To accomplish this, novel dynamic wind tunnel and spark range flight experiments were performed. An actively controlled vehicle was mounted on a 3 degree-of-freedom gimbal in a wind tunnel with balance, Euler angle, and canard deflection instrumentation. Free-flight spark range firings were conducted with various configurations to isolate control aerodynamics and induce a spectra of angle of attack. An aerodynamic model was postulated to capture high maneuver phenomena such as flow separation and vortex interactions, which were encountered during experiments. This aerodynamic model was used with the experimental data in a parameter estimation algorithm to obtain static and dynamic aerodynamics. Results confirm the novel experimental and aerodynamic modeling approaches and provide validation data for computations.
Lymphoproliferative Diseases of the Gut: A Survival Guide for the General Pathologist

The gastrointestinal tract is the most common extranodal site of involvement by lymphoma, with B-cell tumors outnumbering T-cell tumors by a wide margin. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoid neoplasm involving the gastrointestinal tract; but a variety of other B- and T-cell neoplasms occur in the gastrointestinal organs, often with characteristic associations and/or manifestations. Although the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphomas can sometimes seem daunting to general pathologists, a knowledge of the most commonly encountered entities, in combination with a reasoned and pragmatic approach to the diagnostic workup, makes it possible to approach most cases with confidence.
Correlates of cannabis vape-pen use and knowledge among U.S. college students.

Abstract Introduction The proliferation of electronic devices, such as vape-pens, has provided alternative means for cannabis use. Research has found cannabis-vaping (i.e., vape-pen use) is associated with lower perceived risks and higher cannabis use. Knowledge of these products may increase likelihood of subsequent use. As policies for cannabis shift, beliefs that peers and family approve of this substance use (injunctive norms) increase and there has been an increase in vape-pen use among young adults (18–35 year olds); however, correlates thereof remain unknown. Young adults often engage in cross-substance use with cannabis and alcohol, making alcohol a potential correlate of cannabis vape-pen use and knowledge. Therefore, we examined alcohol use and other potential correlates of vape-pen use and knowledge among a sample of university students. Methods This secondary data analysis utilized surveys at multiple colleges in the U.S. (N = 270). Alcohol use, social anxiety, cannabis expectancies, injunctive and descriptive norms and facets of impulsivity were examined as correlates of vape-pen use and knowledge using bivariate correlations and logistic regressions. Results Alcohol use was correlated with cannabis vape-pen use and knowledge. Frequency of cannabis use, peer injunctive norms, and positive expectancies were associated with increased likelihood of vape-pen use. Lack of premeditation, a facet of impulsivity, was associated with cannabis vape-pen knowledge. Conclusions Given the unknown nature and consequences of cannabis vape-pens, the present findings offer valuable information on correlates of this behavior. Further, correlates of knowledge of vape-pens may point to areas for education and clinical intervention to prevent heavy cannabis vape-pen use.
Respiratory disease associated with migrating Ascaris larvae in a beef calf.

Abstract A group of 4-month-old beef calves were examined for clinical respiratory disease with labored breathing, coughing, and fevers of over 104 °F. Necropsy of one of the calves revealed lungs that were not collapsed but had red mottled appearance on cut surface. Assessment of lung tissue by bacterial culture and PCR did not reveal bovine bacterial or viral respiratory pathogens. Histopathology of affected tissues and lymph nodes revealed larval ascarid nematodes. In combination with phylogenetic analysis, amplification and sequencing of ITS1 was used to identify the larvae as Ascaris.
Catheter-Directed Therapy Options for Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis

Proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is linked to a 50% risk of pulmonary embolism and a 50% risk of postthrombotic syndrome. This article reviews catheter-directed thrombolysis options for iliofemoral DVT and discusses the risks, benefits, and techniques commonly used in performing endovascular procedures for iliofemoral DVT.
Case Report: Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder in an Adolescent Woman.

Abstract Background After several visits with unrelated complaints, a 16-year-old female patient disclosed symptoms of unwanted genital arousal and was diagnosed with persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD). Case A 16-year-old female patient with history of depression, sexual abuse, and dysmenorrhea insistently requested etonogestrel rod removal. At 2 visits after implant removal, the patient disclosed the reason for her insistence: PGAD symptoms developed after implant insertion, although they worsened with removal. Chart review revealed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation before symptom onset. Normalization of sexual arousal occurred with counseling, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, and hormonal contraception. Summary and Conclusion This case highlights the importance of clinician recognition of PGAD symptoms, which adolescents might not openly disclose. Clinicians must nonjudgmentally collect medication history and sexual history, including sexual arousal and satisfaction, to make this diagnosis.
Sediment Habitats, Including Watery

Sedimentary environments constitute one of the most abundant habitats on the planet. Not only are active sedimentary environments found on >75% of the Earth’s surface (ocean and lake bottoms), but much of the continental mass consists of uplifted oceanic sediments, carrying the patiently recorded evidence of much of Earth’s history. Active sedimentary environments constitute a wide array of niches that vary in several important ways: (1) the chemical composition of the overlying water (e.g., marine vs. freshwater); (2) the presence or absence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); (3) the flux of materials (primarily organic carbon (Corg)) into the environment; and (4) the solid mass flux of minerals, clays, and so on composing the matrix of the sediment itself. When combined, these factors can be used to define the physical and chemical background for most sediments and then used to predict the type(s) of microbial activities expected. These microbial activities account for the continuous alteration (diagenesis) of the sediments, often leading to predictable layered microbial communities (LMCs) and their associated chemical profiles. Sediments can also provide the record of metabolism through time, documenting in chemical form the history of metabolic evolution on our planet through signature molecules and stable isotopic signatures.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis Using Overlap Extension PCR

Site-directed mutagenesis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) represent two powerful techniques that have led to rapid advances in our understanding of gene expression and function. Early protocols for site-directed mutagenesis depended on the production of single-stranded DNA containing the gene of interest (1), using Ml 3 phage, or phagemids such as pBluescript. One limitation with this method is the presence of inverted repeat sequences and other complementary regions, which form extensive secondary structures within single-stranded DNA, which often severely decrease the ability to extend annealed primers containing the mutation of interest. Recently, several groups have described PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis techniques that avoid this problem by using thermal stable DNA polymerases and high temperatures to melt secondary structure (2— 4). Although several variations of these techniques have been reported, this chapter focuses on a derivative of the Sarkar and Sommer (4) megaprimer method termed Overlap Extension Mutagenesis, which is schematically depicted in Fig. 1. In the first round of PCR, primer A and mutagenic primer B are used to amplify the region of interest as well as introduce the desired mutation. This amplified product is then used as a primer in the second round of PCR and, as such, is referred to as a megaprimer. In the second round of PCR, megaprimer A/B and primer C
Evaluations of Workplace Smoking Cessation Programs: A Critique

This article reviews 21 published evaluations of workplace smoking cessation programs. Its purpose is to assess the quality of these evaluations and outline recommendations that may benefit such smoking cessation efforts. Issues that should be considered during the planning and evaluation of these smoking cessation programs include research design, behavior measurement and verification, employee recruitment strategies, nonsmoking behavior maintenance, and ethics.
Phonon interaction with ripples and defects in thin layered molybdenum disulfide

Compared to other extrinsic phonon scattering mechanisms such as surface and interior defects, phonon scattering and lattice thermal resistance due to structural rippling in few-layer two-dimensional (2D) materials are under-examined. Here, the temperature-dependent basal-plane thermal conductivities (κ) of one rippled and four flat molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) samples are measured using a four-probe thermal transport measurement method. A flat 18 nm thick sample and a rippled 20 nm thick sample show similar peak κ values of 122 ± 17 and 129 ± 19 W m−1 K−1, respectively. In comparison, a 32 nm thick flat sample has a peak κ value of only 58 ± 11 W m−1 K−1 despite having an increased thickness. The peak thermal conductivities of the five samples decrease with increasing integrated Raman intensity caused by defects in the frequency range of the phonon bandgap in MoS2. In conjunction with the experimental findings, theoretical calculations of the temperature-, thickness-, strain-, and defect-dependent κ of thin MoS2 layers reveal the importance of interior defect scattering over scattering from compression-induced ripples and surface defects in these samples. The results further clarify the conditions where ripples are important in determining the basal plane thermal resistance in layered systems.
Proton therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: the road ahead

Proton therapy is an evolving radiotherapy modality with indication for numerous cancer types. With the benefits of reducing dose and sparing normal tissue, protons offer a clear physical and dosimetric advantage over photon radiotherapy for many patients. However, its impact on one type of disease, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is still not fully understood. Our review aims to highlight the data for using proton therapy in NSCLC, with a focus on the clinical data-or lack thereof-supporting proton treatment for early and advanced stage disease. In evaluating these data, we consider how future directions and advances in proton technology give rise for hope in defining a role for protons in improving NSCLC outcomes. We close with considerations for next steps and the challenges ahead in using proton therapy for this unique patient population.
Passively-sensed Behavioral Correlates of Discrimination Events in College Students

A deep understanding of how discrimination impacts psychological health and well-being of students could allow us to better protect individuals at risk and support those who encounter discrimination. While the link between discrimination and diminished psychological and physical well-being is well established, existing research largely focuses on chronic discrimination and long-term outcomes. A better understanding of the short-term behavioral correlates of discrimination events could help us to concretely quantify such experiences, which in turn could support policy and intervention design. In this paper we specifically examine, for the first time, what behaviors change and in what ways in relation to discrimination. We use actively-reported and passively-measured markers of health and well-being in a sample of 209 first-year college students over the course of two academic quarters. We examine changes in indicators of psychological state in relation to reports of unfair treatment in terms of five categories of behaviors: physical activity, phone usage, social interaction, mobility, and sleep. We find that students who encounter unfair treatment become more physically active, interact more with their phone in the morning, make more calls in the evening, and spend more time in bed on the day of the event. Some of these patterns continue the next day. Our results further our understanding of the impact of discrimination and can inform intervention work.
Lithium Use and Non-use for Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Bipolar Disorder.

Despite being recognized as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, there is still inconsistent use of lithium in perinatal populations. This article will review data regarding lithium use during the peripartum and provide management recommendations for general psychiatric clinicians. In contrast to prior data, recent studies indicate that lithium use in pregnancy is associated with either no increased malformations risk or a small increase in risk for cardiac malformations including Ebstein’s anomaly. Limited data also show no significant effect on obstetric or neurodevelopmental outcomes. Data regarding infant lithium exposure via breastmilk remains limited. Lithium is currently under-prescribed and is an important treatment for women with bipolar disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum. Clinicians must weigh the risk of lithium treatment versus the risk of withholding or changing lithium treatment when managing bipolar disorder in this population.
Rhythmic ictal nonclonic hand (RINCH) motions in general EMU patients with focal epilepsy.

Abstract Background Automatisms are frequently encountered during video-monitoring of patients with focal epilepsy in the EMU and generally thought to have a low lateralizing value in isolation. Rhythmic ictal nonclonic hand (RINCH) motions have been described in small series as a potentially lateralizing semiologic sign. We aimed to expand on prior work and determine the prevalence, characteristics, and lateralizing value of RINCH motions in general epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) population with focal epilepsy. Methods All patients with recorded seizures in the EMU were included in our database search. Search was performed to identify seizures with reported RINCH motions. Both electroencephalography (EEG) and video of identified seizures were reviewed. Results We identified RINCH motions in 131 seizures in 71 patients. Overall seizure localization was temporal in 57 patients, frontotemporal in 3 patients, and extratemporal in 7 patients. We estimated RINCH motions to occur in 8.5% of EMU patients with recorded seizures. The most common RINCH motions in descending order were as follows: hand opening and closing, finger rubbing, milking motions, finger flexion/extension, and pill rolling. The mean RINCH motion latency from seizure onset was 34.48 s in temporal lobe epilepsy and 10.31 s in frontal lobe epilepsy. The RINCH motions were contralateral to seizure onset in 61 of 65 (93.8%) with lateralized seizure onset. Dystonic posturing was present in 43% of seizures with RINCH motions. Conclusion The RINCH motions are a common sign in focal seizures and should be distinguished from other types of manual automatism as they carry a strong lateralizing value.