cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous regression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical and pathogenetic considerations

The spontaneous regression (SR) of tumor has been noted in a variety of neoplastic conditions. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, this phenomenon has been reported in indolent histologic subtypes, with a frequency of 10-20% in selected series. Investigators evaluating new therapies for lymphomas with a favorable histology need to be cognizant of SR's impact. Mechanisms which have been proposed to explain SR have included the role of contemporaneous bacterial or viral infection, as well as an augmented host immune response which is able to mediate tumor regression via humoral and cellular effector mechanisms. The ability to recapture immunoregulatory control is aptly illustrated by lymphomas developing after organ transplantation where reduction of immunosuppression has, on occasion, resulted in tumor regression. The importance of immune regulation of B-cell lymphoma is also suggested by the tumor's responses to immunotherapy and interferons in vivo and by the biologic and pathologic characteristic of indolent lymphomas being analogous, in may respects, to benign neoplasms. Indolent lymphomas which differ from aggressive lymphomas in their clinical and biological behavior may be more responsive to these host immunoregulatory influences. Review of clinical experience as well as proposed mechanisms of spontaneous regression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma will be explored in this report.
Unintentional and Unbalanced Transparency

Security and privacy are interdependent concepts. Each impacts the other, but to say that they are alternatives is a false dichotomy. Both are issues of human concern; their policies and their risks may be made manifest in software-intensive systems. Architecting a system that attends to the needs of security and privacy is possible and desirable, yet there are often unintended and unexpected consequences in so doing.
Acute Pain Management in Patients With Prior Opioid Consumption: A Case-Controlled Retrospective Review

The patient with a history of current opioid consumption presenting in the acute postoperative setting presents a challenge for pain management. Standard treatment dosages and strategies are often ineffective in providing pain relief. This retrospective case-control study reviews 4 years' experience of the Acute Pain Service (APS) at our institution providing care for 202 chronic pain and opioid-consuming (CPOC) patients, 6.6% of 3058 patients undergoing urologic, gynecologic, orthopedic and general surgical procedures. Controls matched for age, gender, date and type of surgery, and postoperative pain relief modality were found for 180 (89%) of these patients. Patients were provided patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), or epidural opioid analgesia (EOA with boluses of preservative-free morphine or bupivacaine (1:16% + 2 micrograms/ml fentanyl (B/F)). Records were reviewed for patient demographics, diagnoses, surgical procedures, pre-operative opioid use, days-on-service, analgesic requirement, pain scores and incidence of moderate/severe side effects. Patient demographics were similar between CPOC and control groups. When considering PCA alone, mean 24-h usage in controls was 42.8 (32.0) mg morphine (MS) equivalents differing significantly from CPOC patients' use of 135.8 (68.5) mg MS equivalents (P = 0.0001). EOA and B/F case studies showed similar results. Moderate sedation was experienced by 50% of CPOC patients receiving PCA. Differences in opioid usage, side effects, pain scores, sedation and prescribed treatment with anxiolytics were shown between CPOC patients and matched controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age-related differences in the dynamic architecture of intrinsic networks

Correlations among low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal reflect the connectivity of intrinsic large-scale networks in the brain. These correlations have typically been characterized over the entire timecourse (mean connectivity), but the mean correlations between regions vary dynamically. By focusing on the linear relationship between activity in network nodes within the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and fronto-parietal task control network (FPTC) captured by their inter-correlations, we demonstrate that this dynamic pattern of fluctuations reveals a detailed substructure, that this substructure is robust across individuals, and that the expression of specific factors is correlated with age. To do this, we conducted a chained P-technique factor analysis of the correlations in nonoverlapping temporal windows across N=145 normal aging subjects (age 56-89). The expression of factors within the DMN, FPTC, and DAN was highly correlated with age: Decreased intercorrelations within nodes in each factor were correlated with advanced age. Although these findings converge with those from stationary analysis, the ability to quantify age-related changes in the coherence of fluctuating connectivity may yield more insights into age-related cognitive decline.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome: Update on pathogenesis and clinical features

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious vascular complication of liver disease that occurs in 5-32% of patients with cirrhosis. The presence of HPS markedly increases mortality. No effective medical therapies are currently available and liver transplantation is the only established treatment option for HPS. The definition and diagnosis of HPS are established by the presence of a triad of liver disease with intrapulmonary vascular dilation that causes abnormal arterial gas exchange. Experimental biliary cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation in the rat reproduces the pulmonary vascular and gas exchange abnormalities of human HPS and serves as a pertinent animal model. Pulmonary microvascular dilation and angiogenesis are two central pathogenic features that drive abnormal pulmonary gas exchange in experimental HPS, and thus might underlie HPS in humans. Defining the mechanisms involved in the microvascular alterations of HPS has the potential to lead to effective medical therapies. This Review focuses on the current understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical features and management of HPS.
A wireless neural/EMG telemetry system for freely moving insects

We have developed a miniature telemetry system that captures neural, EMG, and acceleration signals from a freely moving insect and transmits the data wirelessly to a remote digital receiver. The system is based on a custom low-power integrated circuit that amplifies and digitizes four biopotential signals as well as three acceleration signals from an off-chip MEMS accelerometer, and transmits this information over a wireless 920-MHz telemetry link. The unit weighs 0.79 g and runs for two hours on two small batteries. We have used this system to monitor neural and EMG signals in jumping and flying locusts.
Properties of Seizures Induced by Histamine.

SummaryClonic seizures were induced in the mouse and guinea pig by intracerebral injection of histamine. They were prevented by trimethadione, exacerbated by diphenyl-hydantoin, and incompletely controlled by acetazolamide. Apart from chlorpromazine, tranquilizing agents were ineffective. Cortisone and desoxycorticosterone caused mild exacerbation and some reduction in severity of seizures, respectively. Antihistaminics prevented histamine seizures in the guinea pig but not in the mouse. The difference in sensitivity of these species to histamine by intraperitoneal injection was less evident by the intracerebral route. Control of metrazol-induced seizures by histamine was a nonspecific antagonism. The possible relation of histamine to seizure mechanisms is discussed.
Planning an on-premise telecommunication system: the University of Michigan case study

The University of Michigan has installed one of the largest private communications switches in the world. The switch and supporting network are designed to meet the voice, data service, security, and video transmission requirements of the university into the next century. The processes of defining needs, selecting a vendor, and implementing the system are discussed.
MATING BEHAVIOR OF RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): IV. COURTSHIP

The results of systematically-conducted, mid- to late-season observations and experiments on large populations of apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in apple and sour cherry trees revealed the following sequences in courtship behavior. When environmental conditions are favorable, sexually mature males and females fly to the host fruit, the site of assembly for mating and the site of oviposition. Either sex may initiate the flight which takes it to the particular fruit occupied by a member of the opposite sex. Such flights by males are often in response to the visual stimulus of a female (or male) moving about on a fruit, while such flights by females seem to be primarily in response to the fruit as a potential oviposition site. Once on the same fruit, a male and a female locate one another apparently solely through vision, particularly movement. They walk to within 1–3 cm of one another, but there is no tactile contact until such time as the male attempts copulation by jumping onto the back of the female from this distance.The position from which the copulatory jump is made is variable. Sometimes it is made from a face to face position, with one or both flies having waved its pictured wings at the other. Occasionally it is made from the side or from a flight from a nearby fruit directly onto a female’s abdomen. Most often however, it is made when a male is stimulated by the forward movement of a female, approaches her from the rear, and jumps onto her abdomen from the rear without the female having seen the male. Most copulation attempts, and especially most successful attempts, are initiated while the female is engaged in some phase of oviposition behavior. Males attempt copulation with other males just as often as with females, strongly suggesting that at least up until the time of tactile contact, males are unable to distinguish between the sexes. The fact that a number of male and female apple maggot flies was observed in copula with R. fausta flies in sour cherry trees suggests that neither sex may be able to discriminate too well between members of its own species and members of other species whose wing and body patterns are similar in appearance However males were usually, although not always, able to distinguish stable flies from apple maggot flies prior to tactile contact.We discuss the known and possible roles of various visual, chemical acoustical, and physical-tactile cues involved in the courtship behavior and suggest that the most important factor insuring reproductive isolation in apple maggot flies at the pre-copulatory stage may be the selection of the proper host plant for oviposition and hence for assembly for mating.
Probing hydrogen-bonding interactions in the active site of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase using Raman spectroscopy.

The role of the oxyanion hole in the reaction catalyzed by pig medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (pMCAD) has been investigated using enzyme reconstituted with 2‘-deoxy-FAD. The kcat (18.8 ± 0.5 s-1) and Km (2.5 ± 0.4 μM) values for the oxidation of n-octanoyl-CoA (C8-CoA) by WT pMCAD recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli are similar to those of native pMCAD isolated from pig kidney. In agreement with previous studies [Engst et al. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 257−267], reconstitution of the WT enzyme with 2‘-deoxy-FAD causes a large (400-fold) decrease in kcat but has little effect on Km. To investigate the molecular basis for the alterations in activity resulting from changes in hydrogen bonding between the substrate and the enzyme's oxyanion hole, the structure of the product analogue hexadienoyl-CoA (HD-CoA) bound to the 2‘-deoxy-FAD-reconstituted enzyme has been probed by Raman spectroscopy. Importantly, while WT pMCAD causes a 27 cm-1 decrease in the vibrational frequency of the HD enone band, fro...
APPLICATION OF HIGH POWER LASERS TO PROBLEMS IN THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

H. Birely, D. C. Cartwright, and J. G. MarinuzziJUMPer Project for Laser Isotope SeparationLos Alamos Scientific LaboratoryLos Almos, New Mexico 87545AbstractThe need for expanded sources of energy in the immediate future is of worldwide con-cern, and in the near term, nuclear energy is one of the few methods having the provencapability of fulfulling these needs. A brief review of existing projections of nationalenergy demand and the resulting requirements for expanded uranium enrichment capacity, cou-pled with a comparison of the economics of providing this addtional enrichment capacity[by methods of gaseous diffusion, centrifugation and laser isotope separation (LIS)], in-dicates potential savings of billions of dollars between now and the year 2000 if LIS per-forms as predicted. Laser methods also appear to offer solutions in the equally importantfuel cycle problem areas of deuterium enrichment and nuclear fuel reprocessing. We havereviewed recent experimental LIS results obtained using the methods of single- and multiple -photon dissociation and laser- induced chemical reaction employing a single laser. Alsodiscussed are recent experiments on several- and multiple -photon methods that employed morethan one laser wavelength. For each of these processes, methods are given for estimatingthe minimum laser requirements. Also discussed are the projected it and uv laser require-ments to proceed from scientific proof -of- principle, through medium -size scaling experi-ments, to the full -sized uranium enrichment plant for a two -step photodissociation processcurrently under investigation in our laboratory.IntroductionThe application of high power lasers to problems in the nuclear fuel cycle is beingvigorously pursued at a number of institutions throughout the world. Most attention hasbeen paid to the enrichment of
Testing Multiple Realizability: A Discussion of Bechtel and Mundale

Abstract Bechtel and Mundale (1999) argue that multiple realizability is not plausible. They point out that neuroscientists assume that psychological traits are realized similarly in homologous brain structures and contend that a biological aspect of the brain that is relevant to neuropsychological state individuation provides evidence against multiple realizability. I argue that Bechtel and Mundale adduce the wrong sort of evidence against multiple realizability. Homologous traits do not provide relevant evidence. It is homoplasious traits of brains that can provide evidence for or against multiple realizability.
NEURAL REGULATION OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC HYPOTENSION IN CONSCIOUS DOGS

To investigate autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation of the pulmonary vascular response to increasing cardiac index (CI:ml/min/kg) following systemic hypotension (H), the pulmonary vascular pressure gradient (pulmonary arterial-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: ΔP) was measured at multiple levels of CI during stepwise inflation and deflation of an inferior vena cava (IVC) occluder. In intact dogs, maximum IVC constriction decreased (p<0.01) CI from 139±9 to 46±3, and systemic arterial pressure from 108±2 to 55±3 mmHg. Following 15 minutes of H, CI was gradually increased by deflation of the IVC occluder. Surprisingly, ΔP was not significantly changed at any level of CI following H in intact dogs or after cholinergic block (atropine 0.1 mg/kg). In contrast, β adrenergic block (propranolol 1 mg/kg) increased ΔP at every level of CI following H, e.g. at CI = 100, ΔP was increased (p<0.01) 16±2% from 10.2±0.5 mmHg. Pulmonary vasoconstriction following H was not observed during total autonomic ganglionic block (hexamethoniura 30 mg/kg), i.e. AP at CI - 100 was slightly decreased (p<0.05) 6±2% from 9.7±0.8 mmHg following H. These results suggest that the pulmonary circulation is actively modulated by the ANS following H. ANS-mediated vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences appear to offset one another in the intact and cholinergic blocked conscious dog.
Familial solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: a case report

This report describes the occurrence of solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura in a mother and her daughter. No other occurrence of this rare tumor in members of the same family has ever been reported.
Forgetting the First Amendment: How Obscurity-Based Privacy and a Right to Be Forgotten Are Incompatible with Free Speech

The privacy of personal information on the Internet has received special attention recently in both the United States and the European Union, and legislative and regulatory proposals regarding the reform privacy law abound. This article examines several prominent theories that undergird the American First Amendment and attempts to demonstrate that the concept of a privacy interest arising out of the obscurity of information, as a social normative principle, and the right to be forgotten, as a legal mechanism concerned with the European idea of dignity-based privacy, are fundamentally at odds with the right of freedom of speech.
Preoperative statin therapy is not associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: our experience and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The effect of statins on prostate cancer recurrence has been investigated in several studies with inconsistent results. We investigated whether statins were associated with biochemical recurrence in a large cohort of men after radical prostatectomy. We also performed a meta-analysis of existing studies.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,446 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at New York University were followed a median of 57 months for biochemical recurrence events. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between 437 statin users and 1,009 nonusers. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models were used to examine biochemical recurrence-free survival by statin use. A meta-analysis was performed with data from our cohort and 5 published studies using the random effects model.Results: Statin users were slightly older and more likely to have diabetes (p <0.01). They were similar to nonusers in race and body mass index. Although preoperative prostate specific antigen and tum...
Apartment noise, auditory discrimination, and reading ability in children.

This study examined the relationship between a child's auditory and verbal skills and the noisiness of his home. Expressway traffic was the principal source of noise. Initial decibel measurements in a high-rise housing development permitted use of floor level as an index of noise intensity in the apartments. Children living on the lower floors of 32-story buildings showed greater impairment of auditory discrimination and reading achievement than children living in higher-floor apartments. Auditory discrimination appeared to mediate an association between noise and aeading deficits, and length of residence in the building affected the magnitude of the correlation between noise and auditory discrimination. Additional analyses ruled out explanations of the auditory discrimination effects in terms of social class variables and physiological damage. Partialling out social class did, however, somewhat reduce the magnitude of the relationship between noise and reading deficits. Results were interpreted as documenting the existence of long-term behavioral aftereffects in spite of noise adaptation. Demonstration of postnoise consequences in a real-life setting supplement laboratory research showing the stressful impact of noise on behavior.
Covering urban vice: the New York Times, "white slavery," and the construction of journalistic knowledge

Communication scholars have analyzed how such pivotal historical and political events as war, assassination, and the rise and fall of nations and political regimes have functioned to shape and shore up the legitimacy of particular news institutions. This paper explores the role played by an early twentieth-century sex-related social and moral panic over “white slavery” in transforming news practices. Beginning in 1907, stories proliferated in the U.S. mass media of White women kidnapped and sold into prostitution organized bands of immigrants, often alleged to be conspiring with top city officials. diachronic textual analysis of New York Times coverage of a 1910 white slavery investigation finds that reporters initially drew from a stock of sentimental narratives describe the investigation's findings. However, as the investigation grew increasingly problematic, the Times developed a detached orientation toward its object, similar to that demanded of professional journalists today. I examine how the Times ...
The war on drugs: A new US national security doctrine?

(1989). The war on drugs: A new US national security doctrine? Third World Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 147-169.
NLS propulsion - Government view

The paper discusses the technology development for the Space Transportation Main Engine (STME). The STME is a liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen engine with 650,000 pounds of thrust, which may be flown in single-engine or multiple-engine configurations, depending upon the payload and mission requirements. The technological developments completed so far include a vacuum plasma spray process, the liquid interface diffusion bonding, and a thin membrane platelet technology for the combustion chamber fabrication; baseline designs for the hydrogen turbopump and the oxygen pump; and the engine control system. The family of spacecraft for which this engine is being developed includes a 20,000 pound payload to LEO and a 150,000 pound to LEO vehicle.
Inequality and Political Violence Revisited

In their 1987 article in this Review, Muller and Seligson used logged ordinary least-squares (LOLS) to estimate the effect of income inequality on cross-national levels of deaths by political violence. T. Y. Wang challenges the robustness of the main conclusion and argues for the application of a maximum likelihood approach—the exponential Poisson regression (EPR) model—rather than LOLS. He concludes that the widely used LOLS approach yields misleading conclusions when applied to event count data. Dixon, Muller, and Seligson replicate previous work using both LOLS and EPR approaches and conclude that in most—but not all—respects the two approaches yield similar results, supporting the effect of inequality when the specifications are identical. They also argue (in response to concerns expressed by Brockett 1992) that the inequality results are robust when account is taken systematically of the best information on underreporting of deaths.
Insights into DNA Packaging and Gene Expression from Computer Simulations

Within the nucleus of each cell lies DNA - an unfathomably long, twisted, and intricately coiled molecule - segments of which make up the genes that provide the instructions that a cell needs to operate. As we near the 60th anniversary of the discovery of the DNA double helix, crucial questions remain about how the physical arrangement of the DNA in cells affects how genes work. For example, how a cell stores the genetic information inside the nucleus is complicated by the necessity of maintaining accessibility to DNA for genetic processing. In order to gain insight into the roles played by various proteins in reading and compacting the genome, our group has developed new methodologies to simulate the dynamic, three-dimensional structures of long, fluctuating, protein-decorated strands of DNA. Our a priori approach to the problem allows us to determine the effects of individual proteins and their chemical modifications on overall DNA structure and function. The talk will cover our recent treatment of the communication between regulatory proteins attached to precisely constructed stretches of chromatin. Our simulations account for the enhancement in communication detected experimentally on chromatin compared to protein-free DNA of the same chain length as well as the critical roles played by the cationic ‘tails’ of the histone proteins in this signaling. The states of chromatin captured in the simulations offer new insights into the ways that the DNA, histones, and regulatory proteins contribute to long-range communication along the genome.
Intraseasonal variation in survival and probable causes of mortality in greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus

The mortality process is a key component of avian population dynamics, and understanding factors that affect mortality is central to grouse conservation. Populations of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have declined across their range in western North America. We studied cause-specific mortality of radio-marked sage-grouse in Eureka County, Nevada, USA, during two seasons, nesting (2008-2012) and fall (2008-2010), when survival was known to be lower compared to other times of the year. We used known-fate and cumulative incidence function models to estimate weekly survival rates and cumulative risk of cause-specific mortalities, respectively. These methods allowed us to account for temporal variation in sample size and staggered entry of marked individuals into the sample to obtain robust estimates of survival and cause-specific mortality. We monitored 376 individual sage-grouse during the course of our study, and investigated 87 deaths. Predation was the major source of mortality, and account...
Intra-Abdominal Infections

Most intra-abdominal infections develop from a source in the gastrointestinal tract. They are usually caused by aerobic and anaerobic enteric bacteria. Management generally involves an invasive procedure to control the source of the infection and antimicrobial therapy directed against the causative microorganisms. In a few highly select patients, these infections may be treated without a definitive source control procedure. Antimicrobial therapy is tailored to the individual patient, with narrower spectrum agents used to treat community-acquired intraabdominal infections, and broader spectrum agents used for hospital-acquired infections. Overall, these infections remain associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in higher-risk patients who have impaired host defenses.
Abstract 2716: Overexpression of p16INK4a in Merkel cell carcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a recently discovered human oncogenic virus. The majority of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) have been found to be infected with MCV. The MCV large T antigen (LTA) consists of an Rb binding motif that is functionally analogous to the E7 protein of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types (eg. 16 and 18). It has been well documented that inactivation of Rb leads to overexpression of p16INK4a. Clinically, immunohistochemistry for p16INK4a has proven useful in the diagnosis of HPV driven epithelial malignancies including cervical as well as head and neck cancers. The present study explores the relationship between MCV infection and p16INK4a expression using an in vitro cell culture system and 10 clinical specimens of MCC that have been diagnosed at the San Diego VA Hospital over a 21 year period. First, IMR-90 cells were transfected with MCV LTA plasmids, which carry either wild-type or mutant Rb binding motif for immunofluorescence analysis. Only cells transfected with wild-type, but not mutant LTA, were associated with p16INK4a up-regulation. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was established between MCV LTA and p16INK4a expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded MCC samples by immunohistochemical staining using p16INK4a and MCV LTA specific monoclonal antibodies, and real-time PCR to detect MCV with two pairs of primers. In conclusion, strong association between p16INK4a expression and MCC suggests that the MCV and HPV related carcinomas share some common oncogenic pathways. In addition, p16INK4a positivity can be a useful diagnostic tool in differentiating MCC from other small blue cell tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2716. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2716
Effect of dosage of oestradiol-17β on the life-span of the rabbit corpus luteum

L'effet de differentes doses d'oestradiol-17β sur la duree de vie du corpus luteum a ete examine chez la lapine intacte et pseudogravide hysterectomisee. Une relation directe entre dose et duree de vie observee dans les deux groupes de lapines, mais les animaux hysterectomises s'averent les plus sensibles a l'action de l'oestradiol-17β.
Synthesis of telechelics and telomers by radical polymerization

Etude generale de la preparation de polymeres telecheliques par polymerisation controlee par un amorceur ou par telomerisation. Efficacite de l'amorceur superieure a 0,9 dans une preparation de polymere telechelique si la polymerisation est effectuee en masse ou a concentration elevee. Discussion des amorceurs susceptibles d'induire des groupes terminaux fonctionnels, des monomeres utilisables et des agents de transfert donnant des polymeres a groupes terminaux fonctionnels
Successes and failures with hemispherectomy

The Authors report their experience with 9 cases of infantile encephalopathy treated by hemispherectomy. Attention is called to the possibility of serious complications developing after the operative procedure. Four cases are reported in detail. In two of them a symptomatology, attributed to brain-stem damage, was observed postoperatively.
On the construction and analysis of stochastic models: characterization and propagation of the errors associated with limited data

This paper investigates the predictive accuracy of stochastic models. In particular, a formulation is presented for the impact of data limitations associated with the calibration of parameters for these models, on their overall predictive accuracy. In the course of this development, a new method for the characterization of stochastic processes from corresponding experimental observations is obtained. Specifically, polynomial chaos representations of these processes are estimated that are consistent, in some useful sense, with the data. The estimated polynomial chaos coefficients are themselves characterized as random variables with known probability density function, thus permitting the analysis of the dependence of their values on further experimental evidence. Moreover, the error in these coefficients, associated with limited data, is propagated through a physical system characterized by a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE). This formalism permits the rational allocation of resources in view of studying the possibility of validating a particular predictive model. A Bayesian inference scheme is relied upon as the logic for parameter estimation, with its computational engine provided by a Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure.
The chromosomes of the great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis L.).

Die Chromosomen des indischen Rhinozeros wurden untersucht. Es wurden 82 Chromosomen gefunden, die auch in ihrer Struktur den Chromosomen des afrikanischen Breitmaulnashorns ahnlich sind.
Targeting Cyclooxygenase-2 in Hematological Malignancies: Rationale and Promise

There is much interest in the potential use of Cox-2 selective inhibitors in combination with other cancer therapeutics. Malignancies of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin often have increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), a key modulator of inflammation. For example, hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma often highly express Cox-2, which correlates with poor patient prognosis. Expression of Cox-2 enhances survival and proliferation of malignant cells, while negatively influencing anti-tumor immunity. Hematological malignancies expressing elevated levels of Cox-2 potentially avoid immune responses by producing factors that enhance angiogenesis and metastasis. Cellular immune responses regulated by natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and T regulatory cells are also influenced by Cox-2 expression. Therefore, Cox-2 selective inhibitors have promising therapeutic potential in patients suffering from certain hematological malignancies.
Obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes versus hypertensive disorders versus both.

AbstractObjective. To compare obstetrical outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes versus hypertensive disorders versus both.Methods. One million patients in the New Jersey Database were analyzed. Of which 6.91% had hypertension, 4.79% had diabetes, and 0.91% had both. Information was derived from a perinatal linked data-set provided by the Maternal Child Health Epidemiology (MCH Epi) Program in the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Linking of electronic birth certificates, hospital discharge records for mother and newborn, and infant death certificates for all infants born in New Jersey between the years 1997 and 2005 created the data-set.Results. Coexistence of hypertension and diabetes increased with advancing maternal age (OR 3.41; CI 3.12–3.72). Among ethnic groups, diabetes was more common in Asians (OR 2.92; CI 2.84–3.00), while hypertension was more common in Blacks (OR 1.49; CI 1.46–1.53). Blacks followed by Asians had a higher risk of being in the combined category. Induction ...
Human capital, gender, and labor force incorporation: The case of immigrants from the Former Soviet Union

Women immigrating to the United States from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) were expected to incorporate seamlessly into the US labor force because of their strong educational and professional backgrounds. Using 2000 Census data, we find that FSU women were less successful than both FSU men and other non-Hispanic white female immigrants. After controlling for other factors, FSU women were more likely to rely on public assistance and less likely to be employed. If employed, they worked in less prestigious occupations and earned much less. These findings draw attention to the particular difficulties of incorporation of this wave of relatively advantaged immigrants.
Muscle protein synthesis and balance responsiveness to essential amino acids ingestion in the presence of elevated plasma free fatty acid concentrations.

Context: Elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations are observed under various clinical circumstances and are associated with impaired glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of elevated plasma FFA concentrations on the response of protein synthesis and balance in muscle after essential amino acids (EAAs) ingestion. Design: Leg protein kinetics were determined in young healthy individuals before and after the ingestion of EAAs at 10 h after the initiation of either lipid (Liposyn/heparin+EAA) or saline (saline+EAA) infusions. Results: Plasma insulin responses where higher (P <0.05) in the Liposyn/heparin+EAA group than the saline+EAA group both before (14 ± 4 vs. 6 ± 1 μIU · ml−1) and after (1038 ± 257 vs. 280 ± 87 μIU · ml−1 · 210 min−1) the EAA ingestion. After the EAA ingestion, the rates of both leg phenylalanine disappearance (Rd; nmol · min−1 · kg lean leg mass−1) and muscle proteins fractional synthesis (FSR; % · h−1) increased (P ...
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Detection of carotid atherosclerotic plaque ulceration, calcification, and thrombosis by multicontrast weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

A 62-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe headache and decreased vision in his left eye. Initial physical examination demonstrated a new-onset left homonymous hemianopsia, which warranted a stroke workup. The patient’s head CT was significant for a 2.3×3.7-cm acute hemorrhage in the right posterior parietal and occipital lobes. Conventional angiography was performed and interpreted as >90% stenosis of both internal carotid arteries without ulceration. The remainder of the work-up, including …
The Detection of delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Postmortem Blood Samples

Methodology for the detection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabJnol (THC) In blood Is reported. THC is extracted from blood with chloroform, and extracts are purified using paper chromatography. Identification of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabJnol, cannabJdiol, and cannabJnol Is achieved by the combined use of computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometer is operated In the multiple ion monitoring mode, monitoring ions of m/e 231,238, 243, 271,295,299,310, and 314. The procedure was developed for forensic purposes. The detection limit of THC is 0.5 ng/mL of blood. Data of 142 cases are presented.
Porphyrian Universalism: A Tripartite Soteriology and Eusebius's Response

In recent years scholars from a broad spectrum, including classicists, patristic and biblical scholars, ancient historians, and specialists in ancient Judaism,1 have demonstrated an increasing interest in universalism. There has been very little written, however, on Porphyry's search for universal salvation, and whether Eusebius of Caesarea's understanding of universalism2 —here defined as the universality of a particular cult's soteriology (or even more briefly stated, the belief in universal salvation)—was influenced polemically by Porphyry. Eusebius's great apologetic works, Praeparatio evangelica and Demonstratio evangelica (henceforth P.E. and D.E.), written ca. 313–318 and ca. 318–324 c.e., respectively,3 provide many passages in which he artistically weaves universalist themes into his overall theological argument: P.E. contains 187 such passages, while D.E. has 417, more than twice that number.4 While some of the sub-themes of each work are either identical to one another or very similar in scope and content, the different audiences addressed—P.E. is primarily written to pagans against the charge that Christianity is new and thus lacks the authenticity of an ancient tradition, while D.E. responds to Jewish criticisms and gives pastoral guidance for the bishop's flock—can account for differences in both rhetorical method and theological emphases.
TRIP6 Regulates p27KIP1 To Promote Tumorigenesis

TRIP6 is an adaptor protein that regulates cell motility and antiapoptotic signaling. Although it has been implicated in tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we provide evidence that TRIP6 promotes tumorigenesis by serving as a bridge to promote the recruitment of p27(KIP1) to AKT in the cytosol. TRIP6 regulates the membrane translocation and activation of AKT and facilitates AKT-mediated recognition and phosphorylation of p27(KIP1) specifically at T157, thereby promoting the cytosolic mislocalization of p27(KIP1). This is required for p27(KIP1) to enhance lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced ovarian cancer cell migration. TRIP6 also promotes serum-induced reduction of nuclear p27(KIP1) expression levels through Skp2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Consequently, knockdown of TRIP6 in glioblastoma or ovarian cancer xenografts restores nuclear p27(KIP1) expression and impairs tumor proliferation. As TRIP6 is upregulated in gliomas and its levels correlate with poor clinical outcomes in a dose-dependent manner, it may represent a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in gliomas.
Robust recognition of handwritten numerals based on dual cooperative network

An approach to robust recognition of handwritten numerals using two operating parallel networks is presented. The first network uses inputs in Cartesian coordinates, and the second network uses the same inputs transformed into polar coordinates. How the proposed approach realizes the robustness to local and global variations of input numerals by handling inputs both in Cartesian coordinates and in its transformed Polar coordinates is described. The required network structures and its learning scheme are discussed. Experimental results show that by tracking only a small number of distinctive features for each teaching numeral in each coordinate, the proposed system can provide robust recognition of handwritten numerals. >
Recommendations for Development of New Standardized Forms of Cocoa Breeds and Cocoa Extract Processing for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Cocoa in Promotion of Cognitive Resilience and Healthy Brain Aging

It is currently thought that the lackluster performance of translational paradigms in the prevention of age-related cognitive deteriorative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may be due to the inadequacy of the prevailing approach of targeting only a single mechanism. Age-related cognitive deterioration and certain neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, are characterized by complex relationships between interrelated biological phenotypes. Thus, alternative strategies that simultaneously target multiple underlying mechanisms may represent a more effective approach to prevention, which is a strategic priority of the National Alzheimer's Project Act and the National Institute on Aging. In this review article, we discuss recent strategies designed to clarify the mechanisms by which certain brain-bioavailable, bioactive polyphenols, in particular, flavan-3-ols also known as flavanols, which are highly represented in cocoa extracts, may beneficially influence cognitive deterioration, such as in AD, while promoting healthy brain aging. However, we note that key issues to improve consistency and reproducibility in the development of cocoa extracts as a potential future therapeutic agent requires a better understanding of the cocoa extract sources, their processing, and more standardized testing including brain bioavailability of bioactive metabolites and brain target engagement studies. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide recommendations for future developments of cocoa extracts as a therapeutic agent in AD.
Trilinear aggregating with implicit canceling for a new acceleration of matrix multiplication

Abstract A new improvement of author's techniques of trilinear aggregating, uniting and canceling, is presented and applied to accelerate multiplication of matrices of moderate sizes. This results in the Exact Computing algorithms for n × n matrix multiplication in only ( n +2)[1.75( n +2)+( n 2 + 4 n +3)/3] essential multiplication steps for arbitrary even n . Also the new techniques allow us to simplify the design of the fastest known APA-algorithms for matrix multiplication.
The Precision of “Rapid” Rock Analysis And the Homogeneity of New USGS Standard Rock Samples

Additional analytical data for the thirteen oxides usually determined in a rock analysis by wet methods and estimates and, conclusions from the analysis of variance are presented for the eight new USGS rock standards STM-1, RGM-1, QLO-1, SCo-1, MAG-1, SDC-1, BHVO-1 and SGR-1. The “single-solution” method of sample dissolution, and the “rapid methods” described by Shapiro were used. Three bottles of each standard were analyzed in duplicate, providing six replicate analyses of each sample. Relative standard deviations ranged from 0. 00 to 202 %, with only 12 of the possible 104 sample-oxide combinations exceeding 10 %. Most deviations exceeding 10 % occur with oxides at very low concentrations or with the determi-nation, of H2O+ and CO2, all of which often yield poor precision. These data indicate that the rapid wet chemical methods, except possibly for H2O+ and CO2, or when very low concentrations are present, can be considered reliable. Of the 104 F-ratios calculated during the analysis of variance for sample-oxide combinations, only eight equal or exceed the tabled value of 9. 55 for F0.95 (d. f. 2, 3). These data strongly support the conclusion that the contents of the bottles may be considered homogeneous for most oxides determined. When our data for an oxide in the several samples are plotted versus similar data in the USGS Prof. Paper 840 by several methods, the plots generally show good agreement for most sample-oxide combinations, but approximately thirty of the 104 show substantial differences, with no obvious correlation between the various methods used or the nature or magnitude of the differences.
Polymorphism of genes coding for nuclear 18S rRNA indicates genetic distinctiveness of anastomosis group 10 from other groups in the Rhizoctonia solani species complex

DNA polymorphism in the 18S nuclear rRNA gene region was investigated by using 11 restriction endonucleases for 161 isolates of 25 intraspecific groups (ISGs) representing 11 reported anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani. A PCR-based restriction mapping method in which enzymatically amplified DNA fragments and subfragments were digested with one or two restriction enzymes was employed. Four types of DNA restriction maps of this region were constructed for these 25 ISGs. Map type I of the 18S rDNA region was represented by isolates of a majority of R. solani ISGs. Map types II and III, represented by ISG 2E and 9 isolates and 5C isolates, respectively, differed from map I by the absence of one (map type II) or two (map type III) restriction sites. Map type IV, represented by ISG 10A and B (or AG 10) isolates, showed significant restriction site variations, with five enzymes in this region compared with those of the remaining ISGs or AGs. Ten of the 25 restriction sites in the 18S rRNA gene region were informative and selected for analysis. Previously reported restriction maps of the 5.8S rRNA gene region, including the internal transcribed spacers, were aligned with each other, and 12 informative restriction sites were identified. These data were used alone and in combination to evaluate group relationships. Analyses derived from these data sets by maximum parsimony and likelihood methods showed that AG 10 isolates were distinct and distantly related to the majority isolates of the other AGs of this species complex.
In-Use Measurement of Activity, Energy Use, and Emissions of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) could reduce transportation air emissions and energy use. However, a method is needed for estimating on-road emissions of PHEVs. To develop a framework for quantifying microscale energy use and emissions (EUE (2) a portable emissions measurement system; and (3) a global positioning system with barometric altimeter. Trends in EU&E are estimated based on vehicle specific power. Energy economy is quantified based on gasoline consumed by the engine and grid energy consumed by the plug-in battery. Emissions from electricity consumption are estimated based on the power generation mix. Fuel use is approximately 30% lower during plug-in battery use. Grid emissions were higher for CO2, NOx, SO2, and PM compared to tailpipe emissions but lower for CO and hydrocarbons. EU&E depe...
Variations in the interplanetary magnetic field and some effects upon solar cosmic rays.

Interplanetary magnetic field variation properties and effects on solar cosmic rays determined through Mariner II recordings employed to develop model
Avian Adjustments to Cold

For birds that breed in areas with severe winters, latitudinal and/or altitudinal migration provides the possibility of moving to places where cold and inclement weather and associated difficulties of food procurement are less challenging. Nevertheless, a substantial number of species do not use this option and so must contend with these problems. The responses of birds to cold have been studied extensively over the past 4 decades and reviewed repeatedly within more general accounts of avian thermoregulation (Whittow 1986), as part of monographs on individual species (Rautenberg 1983), or in connection with analysis of particular facets of avian cold defense (Dawson et al. 1983 b; Marsh and Dawson 1989). The contribution of Calder and King (1974) has proved particularly useful, for, in addition to providing a rigorous review of avian responses to heat and cold, it includes an extensive series of allometric equations describing the mass dependence of energetic and thermoregulatory functions. With so many reviews available, an additional treatment of the subject might appear superfluous. However, new findings are being published at unprecedented rates and allow for an effective integration of various behavioral and physiological tactics used in cold defense.