cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Human Anatomy in Physical Therapy Education in the United States: A Survey

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine how human anatomy was being taught in physical therapy programs in the United States. Subjects. Faculty in 103 physical therapy programs participated in the study. Methods. A six-page questionnaire, which was mailed to 145 physical therapy programs, contained five sections: demographics, human gross anatomy—present and future, administration/cost, human anatomy textbooks, and human gross anatomy content areas. Results. Anatomy was a laboratory-intensive course, with dissection being the primary laboratory teaching method. Use of prosected specimens, various audiovisuals, and computer-assisted instruction was also documented. Half of those teaching anatomy had a degree in physical therapy, and 65.6% of these educators were doctorally prepared. When comparing anatomy courses taught by physical therapy faculty and non–physical therapy faculty, differences existed between the two groups with respect to course content and clinical applicability. The most significant difference in content area emphasis was noted in the thoracic area. Conclusion and Discussion. Differences noted in course-content emphasis demonstrate the necessity for physical therapy faculty to communicate with non–physical therapy faculty teaching human anatomy about course content. Although the survey results have indicated that numerous texts are in use, the value placed on clinical applicability remains a significant consideration.
Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment Is Associated With Improvement in Coronary Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Function in Patients With Normal or Mildly Diseased Coronary Arteries

Abstract — Coronary vascular remodeling and altered endothelial function have been described in the early stages of native atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cholesterol-lowering therapy and coronary vascular remodeling and endothelial function in patients with normal or mildly diseases coronary arteries. Patients (N=101) with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries by coronary angiography underwent intravascular ultrasound examination of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Vessel and lumen area, atherosclerotic plaque area, and plaque morphology were evaluated. Vascular reactivity was examined with the use of intracoronary adenosine, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the total cholesterol levels: group 1 (n=25), patients with a history of hypercholesterolemia adequately treated (total cholesterol <240 mg/dL); group 2 (n=26), patients with hypercholesterolemia not adequately controlled (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL); and group 3 (n=50), patients without hypercholesterolemia. Vessel area and lumen area were significantly greater in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2 (for respective values in groups 1, 2, and 3: vessel area 11.9±0.5, 10.6±0.4, and 11.8±0.4 mm2, both P <0.05; lumen area 8.3±0.4, 6.9±0.3, and 8.9±0.3 mm2, both P <0.01). However, plaque areas in groups 1 and 2 were similar. Furthermore, acetylcholine-induced percent increases in coronary blood flow were significantly greater in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2 (for respective values in groups 1, 2, and 3: 70.5±20.1%, 22.8±13.7%, and 68.6±14.8%, both P <0.05). Cholesterol-lowering treatment is associated with an improvement in coronary lumen area that results not from a decrease in plaque area but from an increase in vessel area, reflecting vascular remodeling. Additionally, this adaptive process may occur in association with an improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the resistance coronary artery.
THE GREAT PREPONDERANCE OF HUMAN MALES CONCEIVED.

Normal human spermatozoa from 500 donors were examined by phase-contrast microscopy to investigate the preponderance of the normal of males conceived. The frequency of smaller rounded-head (Y chromosome) spermatozoa as opposed to the larger elongated-head spermatozoa (X chromosome) ranged from 39-98%. This type of spermatozoa was usually present in greater numbers after several days of abstinence. The modal value for the smaller rounded-head spermatozoa for the total group was 66%. The size and shape of the 2 types of spermatozoa were remarkably constant among individuals. A genetic connection is advanced concerning the head morphology of male germ cells and the sex ratio. It is concluded that the difference in the ratio of males to females conceived reflects a difference in the number size and motility of spermatozoa.
How Much Social Responsibility Should Firms Assume and of Which Kind? Guidelines for Firms’ Social Engagement

How are firms, and MNEs in particular, to reconcile the trade-off between societal pressures to engage in CSR activities and the demand of a free market and profit maximizing activities? How are they to allocate their resources between the competing considerations and inconsistent concerns imposed by these claims? And should they assume responsibility to set up agendas in areas that extend beyond their sphere of business, in which they possess no expertise and for which they have not been trained? From a broader societal perspective, is this state of affairs, whereby firms are treated as social institutions expected to take on economic, social and environmental responsibilities traditionally held by governmental bodies, desired? Does the creation of public goods by profit-maximizing firms generate the greatest societal paybacks? To tackle these questions, I present firms and governments as alternative providers of social services, and classify the universe of these services based on the attributes of the input used in their creation as core or non-core to what firms do, and those of the output, whether proprietary or public goods. I allot the resulting categories to firms or governments, and seek to draw a normative partition between them that builds on their relative strengths in the provision of social services. I use the resulting framework to specify the type of social activities in which firms should engage and the type of firms that should undertake them, and offer guidelines for firms for designing an agenda for social engagement that is based on the generation of proprietary benefits that improve their competitive position, and serves to advance their strategic objectives. I maintain that the scope for firms’ provision of social services is narrower than what most firms practice and far more limited than what stakeholders expect them to do. I also extend a call for society to use responsibly its power to shape the social agenda of firms and to recognize the opportunity costs of driving firms away from their core activities. I appeal for appreciation of the wealth of common goods created via the pursuit of profit-maximizing activities, and acknowledgement that by this is the best way for firms to serve society.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Angiotensin Pressor Effect and of its Inhibition by Neotetrazolium

Conclusions1. Angiotensin exerts its pressor effect in the rat by both a direct myotropic action and an indirect mechanism involving alpha-adrenergic receptors.2. Neotetrazolium inhibits both the indirect as well as the direct effects of angiotensin.
The relationship between latent heating, vertical velocity, and precipitation processes: The impact of aerosols on precipitation in organized deep convective systems

A high-resolution, two-dimensional cloud-resolving model with spectral-bin microphysics is used to study the impact of aerosols on precipitation processes in both a tropical oceanic and a midlatitude continental squall line with regard to three processes: latent heating (LH), cold pool dynamics, and ice microphysics. Evaporative cooling in the lower troposphere is found to enhance rainfall in low cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration scenarios in the developing stages of a midlatitude convective precipitation system. In contrast, the tropical case produced more rainfall under high CCN concentrations. Both cold pools and low-level convergence are stronger for those configurations having enhanced rainfall. Nevertheless, latent heat release is stronger (especially after initial precipitation) in the scenarios having more rainfall in both the tropical and midlatitude environment. Sensitivity tests are performed to examine the impact of ice and evaporative cooling on the relationship between aerosols, LH, and precipitation processes. The results show that evaporative cooling is important for cold pool strength and rain enhancement in both cases. However, ice microphysics play a larger role in the midlatitude case compared to the tropics. Detailed analysis of the vertical velocity-governing equation shows that temperature buoyancy can enhance updraftsdowndrafts in the middlelower troposphere in the convective core region; however, the vertical pressure gradient force (PGF) is of the same order and acts in the opposite direction. Water loading is small but of the same order as the net PGF-temperature buoyancy forcing. The balance among these terms determines the intensity of convection.
Wetting and tribological properties of ionic liquids.

A phenomenological study of the surface-wetting and tribological properties of various ionic liquids was conducted using molecular dynamics simulations. The surface-wetting capabilities of the liquids were studied by simulating the morphological transformation of an isolated liquid drop in vacuum to its equilibrium state on solid surface. The tribological properties of the liquids were probed examining their flow behaviors and viscosities in computational lubrication experiments. All liquids exhibited good surface-wetting properties, as demonstrated by the hemispherical shape of the droplets at equilibrium and the surface contact angles. Contact angles for all liquids were much lower than 90°. Lubrication experiments demonstrated a flow behavior for the liquids that depended on the magnitude of the applied shear rate. Three distinctive flow regimes were observed: Newtonian, thixotropic (non-Newtonian), and oversheared. The liquids’ viscosities were determined in the Newtonian regime and agree well with ex...
O-011 Quantitative MRA is Correlated with Intravascular Pressures Before and After Venous Sinus Stenting: Implications for Treatment and Monitoring

Introduction Endovascular stenting is an effective treatment available for patients with clinically significant cerebral venous sinus stenosis. Traditionally, stenting success has been determined by intravascular pressure measurements; new imaging modalities, however, show great potential in documenting improved flow and providing noninvasive monitoring of venous patency after treatment. Quantitative MRA (NOVA, VasSol Inc) is a novel imaging modality that quantifies blood flow using MR imaging. Well established in the arterial system, applications to the cerebral venous sinuses have been limited. In this study, we examined venous QMRA flow in patients before and after venous stenting and correlated these results with intravascular pressure and clinical outcomes Methods Five patients underwent cerebral venous stenting between 2009 and 2013 at a single institution (Figure 1). Preoperatively patients were examined clinically, cerebral venous flow was determined using QMRA, and intravascular pressure measured during angiography. After stenting, intravascular pressure, QMRA flow, and clinical outcomes were repeated and compared Results An average prestenotic intravascular pressure of 45.2 mmHg (range 31–55) was recorded prior to stenting which decreased significantly to 27.4mmHg (range 16–37) afterwards (paired t-test p = 0.036). The average pressure gradient decreased by 20.4 mmHg. Flow on QMRA increased by 302.3ml/min at the area of stenosis and 304.4 ml/min at the ipsilateral internal jugular vein after stenting. When both jugular veins were considered, the total cerebral venous outflow increased by 260.2 ml/min (Figure 2). Statistical analysis of the change in intravascular pressure proximal to stenosis and change in QMRA flow identified a linear relationship (Pearson’s correlation r = 0.926). Clinical improvement, including vision, was observed in all patients. Conclusions Ipsilateral and total venous quantitative flow measurements by QMRA increase after endovascular stenting and correlate with significantly improved intravascular pressures. These findings establish QMRA as a useful adjunct to measure venous flow after stenting, and as valuable tool for noninvasive monitoring of stent patency. Disclosures D. Esfahani: None. M. Stevenson: None. H. Moss: 1; C; NIH K12 021475, Research to Prevent Blindness (unrestricted departmental grant). S. Amin-Hanjani: 6; C; GE Healthcare, VasSol, Inc. V. Aletich: 2; C; Cordis-Codman. F. Charbel: 2; C; Transonic, Inc. 5; C; VasSol, Inc. A. Alaraj: 2; C; Cordis-Codman.
Doing the same and earning less: male and female physicians in a new medical specialty.

This study presents findings from a national survey of physicians working in the emerging career of hospital medicine. It finds that female hospitalists earn significantly less annually than male hospitalists, despite similar work schedules and commitments; that these similarities in work and differences in pay remain even for male and female hospitalists who are married and have children; and that female hospitalists maintain positive feelings toward their work careers despite assuming multiple work and nonwork roles simultaneously. The results present a unique picture of female physicians' career experiences in toto. They have implications for how health care organizations and managers should think about the contemporary female physician (e.g., her career development needs and workplace challenges);for female physicians' need to gain greater equity vis-a-vis men within the profession; and for the kinds of questions researchers should raise around physician gender in their work.
Frequency and factors associated with inappropriate for intervention cardiac catheterization laboratory activation.

Abstract Background Current guidelines emphasize timely coronary intervention with a door to balloon time of ≤ 90 min for favorable survival impact after STEMI. Efforts to achieve these targets may result in unnecessary emergent angiography for inappropriate activations. Objective Evaluate the frequency, trend and factors which are significantly associated with inappropriate for intervention cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) activation. Methods We analyzed 1764 consecutive emergent CCL activation for possible ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) between 7/2005 and 8/2013. Inappropriate for intervention activation was defined as negative STEMI (incorrect diagnosis: insignificant coronary lesion, not requiring any intervention) and inappropriate patients (true STEMI but poor CCL candidacy). Results Inappropriate for intervention CCL activation occurred in 317 patients (17.9%): 292 incorrect diagnosis (negative STEMI diagnosis), 25 inappropriate patients, with no difference in the frequency based on time of the day (18.6% regular hours vs. 17.6% off-hours, p = 0.6). On multivariable analysis, female gender (OR 1.9 [1.2–3.0]), African American race (OR 1.9[1.3–2.7]), and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OR 3.6 [2.3–5.5]) were significantly associated with incorrect diagnosis (negative STEMI diagnosis) (all p Conclusion Inappropriate for intervention CCL activation is not uncommon and should be closely monitored to maximize resource utilization. Females, African American patients with few or no risk factors and patients presenting ST elevation but no reciprocal depression constitute a population that may require attention.
Parkinson-associated risk variant in distal enhancer of α-synuclein modulates target gene expression

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with complex diseases, but mechanistic insights are impeded by a lack of understanding of how specific risk variants functionally contribute to the underlying pathogenesis. It has been proposed that cis-acting effects of non-coding risk variants on gene expression are a major factor for phenotypic variation of complex traits and disease susceptibility. Recent genome-scale epigenetic studies have highlighted the enrichment of GWAS-identified variants in regulatory DNA elements of disease-relevant cell types. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific changes in transcription factor binding are correlated with heritable alterations in chromatin state and considered a major mediator of sequence-dependent regulation of gene expression. Here we describe a novel strategy to functionally dissect the cis-acting effect of genetic risk variants in regulatory elements on gene expression by combining genome-wide epigenetic information with clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells. By generating a genetically precisely controlled experimental system, we identify a common Parkinson's disease associated risk variant in a non-coding distal enhancer element that regulates the expression of α-synuclein (SNCA), a key gene implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Our data suggest that the transcriptional deregulation of SNCA is associated with sequence-dependent binding of the brain-specific transcription factors EMX2 and NKX6-1. This work establishes an experimental paradigm to functionally connect genetic variation with disease-relevant phenotypes.
Failure Analysis and Reliability Study of NAND Flash- Based Solid State Drives

The research focuses on conducting failure analysis and reliability study to understand and analyze the root cause of Quality, Endurance component Reliability Demonstration Test (RDT) failures and determine SSD performance capability. It addresses essential challenges in developing techniques that utilize solid-state memory technologies (with emphasis on NAND flash memory) from device, circuit, architecture, and system perspectives. These challenges include not only the performance degradation arising from the physical nature of NAND flash memory, e.g., the inability to modify data in-place read/write performance asymmetry, and slow and constrained erase functionality, but also the reliability drawbacks that limits Solid State Drives (SSDs) performance. In order to understand the nature of failures, a Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was performed that identified the potential causes of component failures. In the course of this research, significant data gathering and analysis effort was carried out that led to a systematic evaluation of the components under consideration.
Discussion of 'Valuation: Accounting for Risk and the Expected Return'

In this article I discuss Penman (2016), titled “Valuation: Accounting for Risk and the Expected Return.” Penman (2016) is important because it offers potential insights that can help us understand why the book-to-market ratio and other accounting-based variables may impact expected stock returns. It does so by considering the way accounting systems measure assets and income and how these systems deal with risk. My discussion mainly focuses on what Penman calls “Accounting for Risk” and the role of log-linear models in valuation.
Return to the Primary Acute Care Service Among Patients With Multiple Myeloma on an Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit

Background Pancytopenia, immunosuppression, and other factors may place patients with multiple myeloma at risk for medical complications. These patients often require inpatient rehabilitation. No previous studies have looked at risk factors for return to the primary acute care service of this patient population. Objective To determine the percentage of and factors associated with return to the primary acute care service of multiple myeloma rehabilitation inpatients. Design Retrospective review. Setting Acute inpatient rehabilitation unit within a National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center. Participants All patients with multiple myeloma admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation unit between March 1, 2004, and February 28, 2015. Main outcome measures Return to the primary acute care service was analyzed with demographic information, multiple myeloma characteristics, medications, laboratory values, and hospital admission characteristics. Results One hundred forty-three inpatient rehabilitation admissions were found during the study period. After we removed multiple admissions of the same patients and planned transfers to the primary acute care service, 122 admissions were analyzed. Thirty-two (26%) patients transferred back to the primary acute care service for unplanned reasons. Multivariate analysis revealed male gender and thrombocytopenia as significantly associated with return to the primary acute care service. The median survival of patients who transferred back to the inpatient primary acute care service was 180 days versus 550 days for those who did not (P Conclusion Because of their medical fragility, clinicians caring for rehabilitation inpatients with multiple myeloma should maintain close contact with the primary oncology service. Factors associated with an increased risk of transfer back to the primary acute care service include male gender and thrombocytopenia. Level of evidence IV.
A virtual clinical trial comparing static versus dynamic PET imaging in measuring response to breast cancer therapy.

We developed a method to evaluate variations in the PET imaging process in order to characterize the relative ability of static and dynamic metrics to measure breast cancer response to therapy in a clinical trial setting. We performed a virtual clinical trial by generating 540 independent and identically distributed PET imaging study realizations for each of 22 original dynamic fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) breast cancer patient studies pre- and post-therapy. Each noise realization accounted for known sources of uncertainty in the imaging process, such as biological variability and SUV uptake time. Four definitions of SUV were analyzed, which were SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, and SUV50%. We performed a ROC analysis on the resulting SUV and kinetic parameter uncertainty distributions to assess the impact of the variability on the measurement capabilities of each metric. The kinetic macro parameter, K i , showed more variability than SUV (mean CV K i = 17%, SUV = 13%), but K i pre- and post-therapy distributions also showed increased separation compared to the SUV pre- and post-therapy distributions (mean normalized difference K i = 0.54, SUV = 0.27). For the patients who did not show perfect separation between the pre- and post-therapy parameter uncertainty distributions (ROC AUC < 1), dynamic imaging outperformed SUV in distinguishing metabolic change in response to therapy, ranging from 12 to 14 of 16 patients over all SUV definitions and uptake time scenarios (p < 0.05). For the patient cohort in this study, which is comprised of non-high-grade ER+ tumors, K i outperformed SUV in an ROC analysis of the parameter uncertainty distributions pre- and post-therapy. This methodology can be applied to different scenarios with the ability to inform the design of clinical trials using PET imaging.
6-OR: MULTIPLE TEST METHODS FOR PROGNOSTIC IDENTIFICATION OF CLINICALLY-SIGNIFICANT ANTI-HLA ANTIBODIES

Aim Identification of DSA can be problematic due to antigen saturation in some patients. It is important to identify supplemental methods in order to accurately assess immunologic compatibility. This case demonstrates the utility of sample dilution and the C1qScreen assay (C1q) in providing additional information to accurately assess anti-HLA antibodies (Ab) in a highly-sensitized patient. Methods Patient serum was tested for anti-HLA Ab by Luminex Single Antigen (LSA) and C1q. Serum was tested neat and diluted 1:25. Crossmatch was performed by antihuman globulin-augmented complement-dependent cytotoxicity (AHG). Results Pre-transplant (Tx) LSA identified numerous Class I and II Ab (cPRA = 100). The patient received a lung Tx across known DSA with a strongly positive AHG, T-cell and B-cell positive to 1:512. The patient underwent aggressive immunosuppression and plasma exchange, resulting in stable graft function. Retrospective testing of pre-Tx serum by LSA at 1:25 dilution, and C1q, demonstrated strong DSA. Evaluation on post-op day 52 demonstrated reduced overall anti-HLA Ab with persistent Class II DSA (cPRA = 95) by LSA, not seen on C1q testing. Post-op day 261 showed the first evidence of no DSA by LSA, with continued graft function. Conclusions Prognostic identification of clinically-relevant Ab may require multiple test methods. Ab identified by C1q may more accurately reflect post-Tx compatibility [ Table 1 , Table 2 ].
Quantifying Intraoperative Laparoscopic Visual Field Opacity.

Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic surgery can be complicated by condensation and debris on the lens obscuring the visual field, increasing the risk of surgical error and injury to the patient. Despite, development of possible solutions, little is known regarding the quantitative measure of time lost during surgery because of an obscured visual field. Without this knowledge, the cost of laparoscopic lens fogging cannot be quantified and compared to the cost of antifogging devices. In the present study, we investigated the amount of time a laparoscope is withdrawn for cleaning during surgery.
Beyond Salience Transmission: Linking Agenda Networks Between Media and Voters

This study investigated the network agenda setting (NAS) model with data gathered from Taiwan’s 2012 presidential election. Networks of important objects and candidate attributes in the news were c...
Nanostructuring and Porosity in Anisotropic Thermoelectric Materials Prepared by Bottom-Up Processing

Nanostructuring has allowed for enhancement in the thermoelectric properties of materials as compared to that of the bulk. The presence of nano-scale inclusions or grains within a bulk matrix seems to be beneficial in certain cases. In addition, texturing and porosity in nanostructured thermoelectric materials are also important factors, and can directly affect the thermoelectric properties. Bottom-up processing allows for control of particle size and yield, as well as the quality of the nanocrystals, while densification by spark plasma sintering preserves the nano-inclusions within the dense bulk material without significant grain growth. Optimization of the synthesis as well as the densification parameters is therefore critical in obtaining dense materials. Materials with anisotropic crystal structures have additional challenges due to the possibility of grain alignment during densification, and the associated effects on the physical properties of the material. An understanding of these effects on the properties of state-of-art thermoelectric materials offers a platform for expanding the investigation into fundamental structural and transport properties of other material systems that have potential for thermoelectric applications.
The solution of the input-output cover problems

The input-output cover problems involve the solution of an algebraic equation over the ring of strictly proper rational functions. This equation constitutes the input-output or polynomial formulation of the state-space cover problems introduced by Wonham. The cover problems provide a unifying formulation for a number of problems in linear, finite-dimensional, system theory, like the observer problem, the exact model matching problem, etc.
USING ENGEL CURVES TO ESTIMATE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX BIAS FOR THE ELDERLY

Over the last 30 years, the share of total expenditure devoted to food has declined more rapidly for elderlyâheaded households than for other households. This decline is not explained by a more rapid increase in measured total expenditure for the elderly, or by relative change in other covariates such as household composition. We present this as evidence that the true cost of living increased more slowly for the elderly than for the nonelderly over this period, in contrast to conventional wisdom that the elderly face a higher inflation rate. (JEL E31, J14)
Shared Polygenicity detection using Elastic Nets: SHARPEN

Current research suggests that hundreds to thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with modest effect sizes contribute to the genetic basis of many disorders, a phenomenon labeled as polygenicity. Additionally, many such disorders demonstrate polygenic overlap, in which risk alleles are shared at associated genetic loci. However, there are currently no well-developed statistical methods that can be utilized to detect specific subsets of SNPs involved in the shared polygenicity of phenotypes. In this paper, we illustrate how elastic nets, with appropriate adaptation in selecting the penalty parameter, can be utilized for narrowing the range of SNPs involved in shared polygenicity. We first develop the method when individual-level data from genomewide association studies (GWASs) are available; we also extend the approach so that it can be used when only summary level data from GWASs are available. We illustrate and assess the performance of the proposed methods using extensive simulations, and by applying the methods to summary level data from a pair of related GWASs with fasting glucose level and BMI as the phenotypes.
Rethinking Contemporary Ecuadorian Cinema

This essay argues that while historically enmeshed in a precarious production and distribution context, Ecuador’s cinema has recently embraced this condition with the introduction of low-budget film productions, which in turn have reimagined the national industry landscape. Informed by scholarship on precarity and the precarization of labor in particular, this chapter studies how by proposing a new business model whereby film industries attract local audiences, create sufficient funds for frequent productions, and establish uncommon exhibition venues, Ecuador’s low-priced productions are able to provide a creative path towards the acceptance of pervasive precarity in the country while also highlighting it as a main selling point in local films. By focusing on Fernando Cedeno’s Sicarios manabitas (2004), this chapter further studies the industry’s diverse underpinnings as it works on developing new and stronger relationships with local audiences and promotes alternative financing and distribution systems while proving resourceful despite its lack of state funds.
Dual-Catalytic Ag–Pd System for Direct Arylation Polymerization to Synthesize Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has gained interest in materials chemistry as a method to synthesize conjugated polymers with minimal use of harsh reagents and additional steps. Traditional DArP conditions do not readily yield ideal polymerization characteristics, including chain-growth and low dispersities. It would be of great utility to advance DArP methodology to become competitive with traditional conjugated polymerization techniques. We have developed conditions for a dual-catalytic Ag–Pd system for the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) that exhibits chain-growth kinetics, low dispersities, and catalyst chain association by Pd. Specifically, the presence of Ag-carboxylate additives plays a beneficial role in the polymerization as a C–H activating agent, while PEPPSI-iPr is used as the Pd source for C–C coupling. The addition of pyridine is necessary to inhibit Pd-mediated C–H activation in the interest of catalyst orthogonality, which can lower dispersities.
Interactions between microRNAs and Transcription Factors in the Development and Function of the Nervous System

The formation and maturation of the nervous system requires precise control over the magnitude and timing of gene expression. MicroRNAs have emerged as potent regulators of translation, with roles ranging from the initial establishment of connectivity to activity-dependent refinement of the synapse. Many of the microRNA targets identified in the nervous system are themselves transcription factors, adding an additional layer of complexity in gene expression. Moreover, microRNAs and transcription factors are often embedded in feedback loops that reinforce changes in gene expression. These interactions lie at the heart of many cell fate decisions during the development of the nervous system. In addition, translational control of transcription factor abundance plays a prominent role in the regulation of retrograde signaling at neuromuscular synapses of both C. elegans and Drosophila.
Enrichment and Stress in Families Caring for a Child with a Serious Emotional Disorder

We examined enrichment and stress in 214 families who had children with severe emotional disorders. Caregivers' ratings of enrichment and stress were obtained through a newly developed instrument, the Effects of the Situation Questionnaire, which used parallel items covering 17 life areas. While ratings of stress were generally higher than enrichment, caregivers reported some enrichment in areas encompassing self concept and family relationships, Bivariate and multivariate analyses using various child, family, and service-system variables revealed that stress was notably associated with severity of the child's disorder, low empowerment, and a lack of coordination among service providers. Enrichment was unrelated to severity but associated with high empowerment and spiritual support. Our findings suggest that families' experiences of caregiving can have both positive and negative aspects and that a comprehensive approach to serving and studying families should take both into account.
LXR Alpha Restricts Gammaherpesvirus Reactivation from Latently Infected Peritoneal Cells

Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses that establish lifelong infections. Importantly, these viruses are associated with numerous cancers and lymphoproliferative diseases. While risk factors for developing gammaherpesvirus-driven cancers are poorly understood, it is clear that elevated viral reactivation from latency often precedes oncogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the liver X receptor alpha isoform (LXRα) restricts gammaherpesvirus reactivation in an anatomic-site-specific manner. We have previously demonstrated that deficiency of both LXR isoforms (α and β) leads to an increase in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in primary macrophage cultures, with a corresponding increase in gammaherpesvirus replication. Interestingly, expression of fatty acid synthesis genes was not derepressed in LXRα-deficient hosts, indicating that the antiviral effects of LXRα are independent of lipogenesis. Additionally, the critical host defenses against gammaherpesvirus reactivation, virus-specific CD8+ T cells and interferon (IFN) signaling, remained intact in the absence of LXRα. Remarkably, using a murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) reporter virus, we discovered that LXRα expression dictates the cellular tropism of MHV68 in the peritoneal cavity. Specifically, LXRα-/- mice exhibit reduced latency within the peritoneal B cell compartment and elevated latency within F4/80+ cells. Thus, LXRα restricts gammaherpesvirus reactivation through a novel mechanism that is independent of the known CD8+ T cell-based antiviral responses or changes in lipid synthesis and likely involves changes in the tropism of MHV68 in the peritoneal cavity.IMPORTANCE Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that mediate cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. Importantly, as ligand-activated transcription factors, LXRs represent potential targets for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that LXRα, one of the two LXR isoforms, restricts reactivation of latent gammaherpesvirus from peritoneal cells. As gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous oncogenic agents, LXRs may represent a targetable host factor for the treatment of poorly controlled gammaherpesvirus infection and associated lymphomagenesis.
Analysis of Venture Capital Investment in Therapeutic Otolaryngologic Devices, 2008-2017

This cross-sectional analysis characterizes venture capital investments in otolaryngologic devices by therapeutic area using data from a private capital market data provider from 2008 through 2017.
Current status of percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling in Japan.

Aim The aim of the survey is to investigate current practice and complications of percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) in Japan. Methods In this retrospective survey, data including perioperative information, indications, details of the procedure and procedure-related complications were collected for patients who underwent PUBS between 2012 and 2016 in Japanese perinatal care centers. Results One hundred and fifty-three patients underwent PUBS and a total of 223 procedures were analyzed in this study. Fetal anemia was the most common indication for PUBS, representing greater than 70% of all cases. Anemia specific to monochorionic twins, such as acute feto-fetal hemorrhage subsequent to single intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence, were the leading causes of suspected fetal anemia. Maternal anesthetics were given during the procedure in 70% of cases. The PTC needle (Hakko, Japan) was most commonly used in the procedure. The most frequent complication was bleeding from the umbilical cord puncture site; however, it did not require immediate delivery during or after the procedure in any case. IUFD occurred in 11 (4.9%) procedures, 7 of which appeared to be related to the underlying fetal disease. The overall completion rate of the procedure was 97%. Conclusion Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling was most commonly performed for the evaluation of fetal anemia, usually due to complications of monochorionic twins, followed by the measurement of fetal thyroid function. The safety and the completion rate of the procedure in Japan appear satisfactory.
CNS-disseminated Angiostrongylus cantonensis mimicking atypical demyelinating disease.

A healthy 44-year-old woman developed malaise and severe headache shortly after returning from vacation in Hawaii. As initial symptoms cleared after 24 hours, over the subsequent days, she developed paresthesias in her lower extremities (knees to feet), new-onset urinary retention, and midthoracic radicular pain. Brain MRI revealed nonenhancing lesions in the medulla and midbrain, in addition to punctate subcortical frontal lesions (figure). MRI of the cervical spine revealed 2 nonenhancing lesions at C3-C4 and C6-C7 (figure). She was diagnosed with MS and contemplated disease-modifying therapy (DMT).
A New Class of Single Burst Error Correcting Codes with Parallel Decoding

With technology scaling, burst errors or clustered errors are becoming increasingly common in different types of memories. Multiple bit upsets due to particle strikes, write disturbance errors, and magnetic field coupling are a few of the mechanisms which cause clustered errors. In this article, a new class of single burst error correcting codes are presented which correct a single burst of any size b within a codeword. A code construction methodology is presented which enables us to construct the proposed scheme from existing codes, e.g., Hamming codes. A new single step decoding methodology for the proposed class of codes is also presented which enables faster decoding. Different code constructions using Hamming codes, and BCH codes have been presented in this paper and a comparison is made with existing schemes in terms of decoding complexity and data redundancy. The proposed scheme in all cases reduces the decoder complexity for little to no increase in data redundancy, specifically for higher burst error sizes.
Interlingual Homograph Recognition by Bilinguals: A New Paradigm

In an exploratory study, bilingual individuals were presented with a list of English, French and interlingual homograph (IH) words that exist in both lexicons but differ in meaning (e.g., coin means “corner” in French). Participants were then shown pictorial representations of these stimuli (of both referents for interlingual homographs) and asked to decide whether each had appeared on the prior list. There was a main effect of word category for both accuracy and reaction times (RTs): English and French interlingual homograph items resulted in responses that were slower and less accurate than non-interlingual homograph items. This new paradigm provides an important advantage to researchers. Because recognition is not affected by surface features, it is a more accurate evaluation of conceptual representation. Results are discussed in light of bilingual processing models. It is important to note that the fluency in each language was not measured so it was not possible to ensure that the language-dominant groups differed significantly in their proficiency from the balanced bilingual group. Additional studies are needed to verify the findings reported herein.
High temperature wear behavior of refractory high entropy alloys based on 4-5-6 elemental palette

Abstract Refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have recently attracted significant attention for structural applications because of their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. However, there are few reports and limited understanding of their tribological behavior at elevated temperatures. Here, the sliding and reciprocating behavior of two newly developed RHEAs, namely HfTaTiVZr and TaTiVWZr, based on 4-5-6 elemental palette were investigated from 298 K to 723 K against Si3N4 counterface and compared with stainless steel. The steady state friction coefficient was in the range of 0.23–0.35, which are among the lowest values reported for RHEAs. The wear rates for HfTaTiVZr and TaTiVWZr were observed to be on the order of 10−4 mm3/N.m. With increasing temperature there was initially an increase in wear rate for the RHEAs up to the temperature of 423 K followed by decrease in wear rate with further increase in temperature. Detailed microscopic characterization of the wear tracks and the counterface showed a transition from abrasive to oxidative wear mechanism with increase in temperature with the formation of stable oxides and subsurface deformation in the contact region by shear mixing of the oxides.
The fate of positive intraoperative cultures following conversion total hip arthroplasty.

Introduction:The objectives of this study are to report the rates of positive intraoperative cultures obtained during conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) according to index surgery, and to desc...
Theologising Brexit: A Liberationist and Postcolonial Critique

Anthony Reddie, one of a very small number of Black British academic theologians, was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, to Jamaican parents of the Windrush generation and raised in a majority White Meth...
PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT, OF ARRHYTHMIAS DURING, ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE, SUPPORT

SUMMARY Pharmacologic intervention in patients with acute-onset cardiac arrhythmias should be based upon (1) the patient's hemodynamic state relative to the arrhythmia and (2) a thorough understanding of the clinical pharmacology of the drug selected. The hemodynamic consequences of the arrhythmia determine whether drug or electrical therapy should be used. Thus treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias assumes a knowledge not only of how to use drugs but also how to defibrillate, cardiovert, and pace. The pharmacologic choices for treatment of arrhythmias have widened with the advent of new drugs such as adenosine and diltiazem. Adenosine in particular has therapeutic and diagnostic application in both narrow-complex (supraventricular) tachycardias and those with wide QRS complexes, which may be supraventricular or ventricular. Lidocaine remains the initial drug of choice for ventricular tachycardia or wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin. Procainamide and bretylium are also useful in this situation. Verapamil should not be used in patients with any wide-complex tachycardia unless the diagnosis of a supraventricular origin is secured. Administration of verapamil is very likely to produce cardiovascular collapse if the tachycardia is ventricular in origin.
Recalling emotional recall: reflecting on the methodological significance of affective memory in autoethnography

This essay explores the theatrical roots of an oft-referenced but under-theorized instrument used in autoethnography: emotional recall, or affective memory. I define emotional recall, provide an ov...
Central neurocytomas

BACKGROUND This analysis was performed to examine the outcome of patients with histologically confirmed central neurocytomas. METHODS Thirty-two patients with histologically confirmed central neurocytomas were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were treated with various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). Follow-up ranged from 2.3 to 15.3 years (median, 4.7 years). RESULTS The overall 5-year survival and local control rates were 81% and 79%, respectively. No patient developed metastases. The 5-year local control rate was 70% for patients undergoing subtotal resection (STR) and 100% for those undergoing gross total resection (GTR) (P = 0.08). The 5-year survival rate was 77% for patients undergoing STR and 90% for those undergoing GTR (P = 0.44). The effect of RT was evaluated for patients undergoing STR. The 5-year local control rate was 100% for patients who received RT after STR compared with 50% for those who did not (P = 0.02). The 5-year survival rate was 88% for patients who received RT after STR compared with 71% for those who did not (P = 0.3). Three patients received salvage RT for local progression after resection. All were alive and free of disease 1 to 6 years after RT. CONCLUSIONS GTR results in a very high likelihood of local control and survival. Postoperative RT appears to improve local control rates significantly for patients who have undergone STR. The overall prognosis of patients with central neurocytomas is quite favorable, with an actuarial 5-year survival rate of 81%. Cancer 1997; 79:790-5. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Long-term development of transition hardwood and Pinus strobus - Quercus mixedwood forests with implications for future adaptation and mitigation potential

Abstract Uncertainty about global environmental change has led to increased emphasis on the climate adaptation and mitigation potential of forests. Given the linkages between adaptive capacity and ecosystem complexity, this increased emphasis has motivated evaluations of the compositional, functional, and structural conditions characterizing a given forest ecosystem in the context of future stressors; however, less is known about how these conditions develop over time or vary between secondary forests shaped by a history of land use. To address this need, we capitalize on a 69-year field experiment to examine the long-term structural and compositional dynamics of transition ecotone hardwood (forests containing species from both southern and northern communities) and Pinus strobus-Quercus mixedwood (stands characterized by hardwood and softwood species mixtures) forests, communities which are commonly found in the Northeastern US. As expected, we observed a general increase in biomass over time and increasing density and structural complexity, with live aboveground biomass greatest in structurally complex mixedwood systems dominated by large diameter P. strobus. While all forests trended toward greater shade tolerance with increasing stand age, the functional identities of hardwood stands were stable over time compared to mixedwoods, which were more transient and ultimately generated trait profiles resembling hardwood-dominated stands. Ingrowth on all sites favored shade-tolerant Fagus grandifolia and Tsuga canadensis, which have lower future climate compatibility and adaptability compared to overstory trees, with a noticeable absence of P. strobus and Quercus spp. regeneration. Although all forest types exhibited some conditions that foster adaptation potential, the compositional stability of hardwood-dominated systems highlight the capacity of these stands to maintain comparable levels of adaptive capacity into the future. Conversely, given that P. strobus-Quercus mixedwoods examined are largely an artifact of land use, the natural successional patterns of these forests may lead to a reduction in these mixed species communities and a depreciation of associated climate benefits without silvicultural intervention to favor recruitment of these constituent species.