cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of naltrexone on food intake and hoarding in white-footed mice (Peromyscus)

Increases in food consumption and hoarding in mammals have been shown to be immediate and preparative adjustments to the energetic stresses of temperate winters. The sensitivity of these behaviors to the opiate antagonist naltrexone was tested in non-deprived white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Mice received naltrexone hydrochloride intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg in saline vehicle) once daily for four consecutive days subsequent to an equivalent period of injection with saline as control. Daily food intake was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower after naltrexone treatment. Hoarding, as assessed by logarithmic hoarding scores and the weight of cached food, was not affected by administration of this drug at this dosage. These results suggest that hoarding, a complex behavioral pattern that does not immediately affect internal energy stores, may not fall within the opiate regulatory scheme.
Suitability of human juvenile pancreatic islets for clinical use

Aims/hypothesis The limited availability of deceased donor pancreases suitable for pancreas and islet transplantation calls for a broader utilisation of donor tissue for transplantation purposes. Young donors, representing, fortunately, a minor but significant pool of individuals, have been largely under-employed, mainly because of anatomical and functional incompatibilities with potential recipients. For islet transplantation, the isolation of pancreatic islets from young donors rarely occurs, because of technical problems. As a result of the peculiar characteristics of young donor pancreases, the standard isolation procedure does not allow efficient separation of the islets from the surrounding exocrine tissue, and favours the generation of mantled islets. Nonetheless, young donor islets offer high qualitative and clinically appealing characteristics.
Gyromagnetic Ratios of Manganese Alloys

The gyromagnetic ratios of two different ferromagnetic alloys of manganese were measured by Einstein-deHaas experiments. The Heusler alloy ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$MnAl gave a ${g}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ value of 1.993\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002. The alloy MnSb gave a ${g}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ value of 1.978\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002.
Small Skew Lattices in Rings

Given idempotents e and f in a ring R, if ef and fe are also idempotent, then e and f generate a skew lattice in R that splits, having order dividing 16. The skew Boolean algebra generated from e and f is also considered.
Backtracking to Reformulate: Establishing the Bosnian Federation

Upon the failure of the Vance-Owen and Owen-Stoltenberg efforts to devise a formula to deal with the Bosnian problem, the US took over the mediator's role. Instead of coming up with a new formula, it backtracked to parts of earlier proposals and led the parties to a solution based on an exchange of a Croat-Muslim federation in Bosnia for a confederation between that federation and Croatia. This was possible because the moment had become ripe through the development of a perception that continued war was a self-inflicted pain for no chance of unilateral gain, and through the application of side payments of aid and recognition that the mediator could deploy.
Constructing the child: Relations between parents' beliefs and child outcomes

Abstract The context of children's development includes parents' belief-perspectives regarding the child, the parent, and their respective roles. Although parent beliefs have received a good deal of attention recently in the developmental literature, the focus here is explicitly child centered, determining whether beliefs, both global and specific, make a difference for the child. A model is presented that describes the relation of beliefs to other aspects of the socialization system. In addition, the processes that might account for the influence of parental beliefs on children are discussed. Directions for further research are suggested, including a proposal that greater attention be given to more fundamental belief-constructs, such as those dealing with the relative contributions of child and parent to the developmental process.
A Nested Clustering Technique for Freeway Operating Condition Classification

Abstract: This article introduces a nested clusteringtechnique and its application to the analysis of freewayoperating condition. A clustering model is developed us-ing the trafﬁc data (ﬂow, speed, occupancy) collected bythe detectors and aggregated to 5-minute increments. Anoptimum ﬁt of the statistical characteristics of the data setis provided by the model based on the Bayesian Infor-mation Criterion and the ratio of changes in dispersionmeasurement.Thistechniqueisﬂexibleindeterminingthenumber of clusters based on the statistical characteristicsof the data. Tests on multiple sites with varying operatingconditions have attested to its effectiveness as a data min-ing tool for the analysis of freeway operating condition. 1 INTRODUCTION In practice, freeway operating condition is usually qual-itatively categorized into six levels of service (A–F), asdeﬁned in the Highway Capacity Manual (TRB, 2000).Foranygivenfreewaysegment,adjustmentsaremadetothe baseline condition to account for the impact of a pre-deﬁned list of site-speciﬁc geometric and trafﬁc charac-teristics.Consideredastheparameterthatbestdescribesthe operating quality, density is used as the primary fac-tor to determine the level of service on a freeway.Some researchers have studied the characteristics oftrafﬁc parameters (e.g., ﬂow rate, speed, and occupancy)at various operating conditions and attempted to ﬁndways to distinguish trafﬁc ﬂow phases from each other(Hall et al., 1992; Banks, 1999; Kerner and Rehborn,1996). Most arguments were made through observingthe shape of the speed-ﬂow curve as well as the distri-bution of the slope values of the time sequence plot in a
Arc Testing of a Mockup Cable in a Simulated Space Radiation Environment

A mockup cable was irradiated with electrons of 25-100 keV energy in a vacuum chamber. The m'ockup cable consisted of insulated wires on a kapton substrate, overlaid with a metallized teonex shield. Voltages induced on the wires and shield by the electron beam during irradiation were monitored, and voltage changes were used, along with video, to detect arcs due to the charge built-up in the cable. The cable was also cooled with liquid nitrogen to very low temperatures, to simulate cables kept in the dark for long periods of time. Arcing was common at fluences typical of long space missions. Occasionally an arc would occur some time after the electron beam was turned off. The conductivity of the wires and shield was monitored as a function of temperature, and behaved as expected, with lower conductivities at lower temperatures. Arcs from the wires and shield to ground and from the wires to the shield were measured. Sympathetic arcs were also seen, wherein an arc from the shield to ground or from the wires to ground was followed in a short period of time by another arc of a different type. Implications of these results for real cables on long space missions will be discussed, and recommendations given for arc mitigation.
T‐cell targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases

Significant advances have been made during the past decade in the understanding of autoimmune diseases and in the development of therapeutics targeting various immune pathways. T-cell-mediated immune dysregulation occurs in a variety of autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. Inhibition of the T-cell function using CTLA-4Ig is currently approved for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Select therapies targeting adhesion molecules are used for the management of patients with psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Therapeutics targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine secreted by T cells, is widely used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, several therapies target a variety of molecules related to T cells that are under development or undergoing clinical trials. Drug Dev Res 72:585–597, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The importance of medical education in the changing field of pain medicine

Suffering chronic pain is a global epidemic that requires a closer look on how we are educating trainees to become more effective in pain management. The vast majority of medical professionals will encounter treatment of pain throughout their career. Our current system for educating these medical professionals is flawed in a number of ways. Improving pain education will narrow the gap between over and under treatment of acute and chronic pain. Reviews have demonstrated dissatisfaction among practitioners throughout the world on how pain education is currently conducted. Changing the educational process will require support from several areas: medical educators, clinicians, policymakers, administrators and several other organizations.
Hadron production by electron-positron colliding beams

Various considerations and conjectures are made on the surprisingly large total cross section for hadron production which has recently been observed in the ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ colliding-beam experiment at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator. First, they focus on the relative magnitude of cross sections for one-photon annihilation and for the two-photon process. Second, the asymptotic limit $R$ of the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{hadrons})}{\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}$ is predicted to be $R\ensuremath{\cong}12{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}({{f}_{p}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}+{{f}_{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}+{{f}_{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})=5.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7$ from the PCDC (partially conserved dilation current) anomaly and vector-meson dominance, and estimated to be less than 15 for $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=400$ MeV from the first evidence found at Frascati for hadron production by the two-photon process. A comment is also made on the present and future ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ colliding-beam experiments at SLAC and DESY.
Natural-Convection and Drop Morphology in Liquid-Liquid Direct Contact

An optical Fourier transform system is applied to visualize natural-convectire flow patterns inside an evaporating liquid drop floating on an immiscible liquid. Strong cellular convective patterns ...
Formal Variation in the Rhymes of Robert Pinsky’s the Inferno of Dante

Rhyme is commonly defined as the repetition of certain final sounds. In English poetic practice, however, even within single poems, the extent of the repetition often varies, sometimes involving more similarity than definitions of the form suggest, and sometimes less, often as a means of creating aesthetic effects. As noted by Zwicky (1976) and more recently developed by Holtman (1996), such variation raises both descriptive and theoretical questions about the form: out of the full range of imaginable variations in rhyme, which are actually used by poets, and why? Here a close study of the variations used by Robert Pinsky in his slant-rhyme translation of Dante’s Infernoidentifies practices which turn out to be shared with other English poets, and to reflect phenomena in English phonology itself. Rhymes may match melodic structure only, reflecting the separation of melodic structure from rhythmic structure which phonological theory has hypothesized. Rhymes may differ in distinctive features – specifically...
Eotaxin-2 alters eosinophil integrin function via mitogen-activated protein kinases.

Adhesion molecules and chemokines contribute to selective eosinophil recruitment in allergic inflammation. In this study, we examined the effects of eotaxin-2, a CCR3-specific chemokine, on integrin-mediated eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), or both using a parallel plate flow system. Tissue culture plates were coated with various combinations of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and/or eotaxin-2. Human eosinophils were infused at physiologic shear stress (0.5 dyn/cm2) for 10 min, and the numbers of attached eosinophils were monitored using video microscopy. Cells accumulated efficiently on VCAM-1 and even better on surfaces co-coated with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, but poorly on surfaces coated with ICAM-1 or bovine serum albumin alone. When eotaxin-2 was co-immobilized with adhesion proteins, fewer cells adhered to VCAM-1 and more adhered to ICAM-1, whereas levels of attachment to VCAM-1 plus ICAM-1 showed no net change. However, experiments with adhesi...
Simultaneous Inversion of Reflection and Refraction Seismic Data and Application to Field Data From the Northern Rio Grande Rift

SUMMARY An inversion scheme that determines a velocity model simultaneously from normalincidence reflection and refraction/wide-angle reflection seismic data has been developed, tested, and applied to real seismic data. Simultaneous inversion minimizes the non-uniqueness of inversion results. A common midpoint (CMP) stacked reflection section provides a detailed image of the structural configuration in time. Refraction or wide-angle reflection data can be used to derive a velocity model. If both refraction data and normal-incidence reflection data are available along coincident profiles, simultaneous inversion of the data sets can produce an improved model. With the extra control of the interface depth provided by reflection data, it is also possible to avoid ambiguity of phase identification. The commonly used damped-least-squares (DLS) inversion method often results in significant inversion artefacts. We provide effective methods for reducing inversion artefacts using both damping and smoothing. From tests using synthetic data, we conclude that the simultaneous inversion scheme can improve resolution and can be applied to velocity models with a reasonably complex structure. The simultaneous inversion scheme has been successfully applied to coincident seismic reflection and refraction data recorded by the SAGE program in 1990-1991 in the western boundary area of the Rio Grande rift near Abiquiu, New Mexico. In this example, the simultaneous inversion derived a velocity model in which stratigraphic units and extensional fault blocks can be resolved.
Correlation of paternity index with probability of exclusion and efficiency criteria of genetic markers for parternity testing

Abstract The statistical correlation between the chance of paternity exclusion and paternity index is explored to derive a new criterion of judging the efficiency of an array of genetic determinations for parentage diagnosis. The theoretical basis is illustrated with allele frequency data on genetic markers used in a paternity testing protocol to examine the possible effects of changing the genetic systems on the prospect of identifying fathers by genetic markers.
Microphrys Bicornutus (Latreille, 1825): The Complete Larval Development Under Laboratory Conditions with Notes on Other Mithracine Larvae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae)

ABSTRACT The complete larval development, consisting of two zoeal stages and a megalopa, and the first crab stage is described for the shallow-water western Atlantic spider crab Microphrys bicornutus. Data from laboratory cultures indicate that the species can complete its planktonic development in less than a week, and is able to attain first crab stage in as few as 10 days. The zoeal stages of M. bicornutus show a great many similarities to known zoeae in other genera within the subfamily Mithracinae, including species of the American genus Mithrax, and to Mucrocoeloma, and to a lesser extent the Indo-West Pacific genera Tiarinia and Micippa. Morphological features shared among both the zoeal and megalopal stages of the various mithracine genera are compared, and phylogenetic relationships within Microphrys, Mithrax, and Macrocoeloma are proposed.
He(I) Photoelectron Spectroscopy of 1,2-Ethanediol: Comparison of Gas- and Liquid-Phase Spectra.

Abstract : He(I) photoelectron spectra of liquid 1,2-ethanediol were recently obtained by means of two different techniques: (i) irradiation of the liquid film on a rotating disk target and determination of energy distribution curves with a simple retarding potential cell; (ii) use of a liquid jet in conjunction with a conventional 127 degree analyzer. The liquid-phase spectra obtained by the two techniques are compared and discussed, and the second derivative curve (SDC) for the liquid-phase spectrum obtained by method (i) is compared with the gas-phase spectrum. (Author)
Amplification of radar and lidar signatures using quantum sensors

One of the major scientific thrusts from recent years has been to try to harness quantum phenomena to dramat­ ically increase the performance of a wide variety of classical devices. These advances in quantum information science have had a considerable impact on the development of photonic-based quantum sensors. Even though quantum radar and quantum lidar remain theoretical proposals, preliminary results suggest that these sensors have the potential of becoming disruptive technologies able to revolutionize reconnaissance systems. In this paper we will discuss how quantum entanglement can be exploited to increase the radar and lidar signature of rectangular targets. In particular, we will show how the effective visibility of the target is increased if observed with an entangled multi-photon quantum sensor.
N-Fmoc-Protected(α-Dipeptidoyl)Benzotriazoles for Efficient Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis by Segment Condensation

N-Fmoc-protected(alpha-aminoacyl)benzotriazoles 1a-d readily afford chiral N-Fmoc-protected-alpha-dipeptides 2a-f (77-89%). Compounds 2a-f are further converted into N-Fmoc-protected(alpha-dipeptidoyl)benzotriazoles 3a-f (71% average yield). Under mild microwave irradiation, 3a-f are used in solid-phase peptide segment condensation syntheses to give tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and heptapeptides (20-68%).
Optimal design of weld pattern in sheet metal assembly based on a genetic algorithm

In the sheet metal assembly process, welding operations join two or more sheet metal parts together. Since sheet metals are subject to dimensional variation resulting from manufacturing randomness, a gap may be generated at each weld pair prior to welding. These gaps are forced to close during the welding operation and accordingly undesirable structural deformation results. Optimizing the welding pattern (the number and locations of weld pairs) in the assembly process was proven to improve significantly the quality of the final assembly. This paper presents a genetic-algorithm-based optimization method to search automatically for the optimal weld pattern so that assembly deformation is minimized. The application result for a real industrial part demonstrated that the proposed algorithm effectively achieved the objective.
Countering Female Terrorism

This analysis examines female terrorist activity in three cases (the United States, Israel, and Russia) and identifies six counterterrorism deficiencies (exploitation, organizational, technological, denial and deception, tactical, and cultural/ideological) that help to explain why observers failed to anticipate the emergence and scope of female militancy. Drawing from these lessons, two potential scenarios for significant and/or surprising female terrorism are examined with respect to left-wing terrorism in the United States and global Islamism.
DEVELOPMENTAL MATURATION OF JEJUNAL PHOSPHATE |[lpar]|P|[rpar]| TRANSPORT BY BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE IN THE RAT

Neonatal animals require large amounts of P to induce skeletal mineralization. To determine if this P accumulation is due to developmental changes in intestinal transport of P, we examined P transport in isolated jejunal brush border membrane(BBM) vesicles from 14 and 42 day old rats. The BBM vesicles were prepared, and the transport system validated and studied using previously published techniques.
Protein tyrosine kinase involvement in the production of superoxide anion by neutrophils exposed to Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls

Abstract Neutrophils produce Superoxide anion (O 2 − ) when exposed in vitro to Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The mechanism for this effect shares some similarities with the mechanism by which the physiologic agonist f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) activates neutrophils. Since production of O 2 − in response to fMLP involves GTP-binding proteins and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), the current study was undertaken to determine whether these signalling pathways are involved in PCB-induced neutrophil activation. Neutrophils exposed to Aroclor 1242 or fMLP produced significant O 2 − . Pretreatment of intact neutrophils with pertussis toxin or cholera toxin or exposure of permeabilized cells to GDPβS significantly inhibited O 2 production in fMLP-treated neutrophils but did not alter the response to Aroclor 1242. Pretreatment with genistein, an inhibitor of PTKs, significantly inhibited O 2 − production in both Aroclor 1242- and fMLP-treated neutrophils; however, daidzein, a structural analogue of genistein which lacks activity against PTKs, was without effect. Exposure of neutrophils to Aroclor 1242 resulted in an increase within 1 min in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the 40 and 60 kDa molecular mass ranges which persisted for up to 10 min. Similar results were obtained with 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2′,4,4′-TCB), a PCB congener that stimulates O 2 − production. In contrast, 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (3,3′,4,4′,5-PeCB), a congener that does not generate O 2 − , caused only a transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the 40 kDa range with no effect on 60 kDa proteins. These data suggest that Aroclor 1242 activates neutrophils to produce O 2 − by a mechanism that requires tyrosine kinase activity; however, heterotrimeric G-proteins are not likely to be involved.
On the calculation of unique force constants

Abstract The vibrational F matrix can be written in the parameterized form F = L0+−1 C+−1 ΛC−1L0−1, where L0 is determined from the G matrix alone; Λ is from the vibration frequencies; and C is an orthogonal matrix of N(N−1) 2 parameters φij. The restoring forces for internal coordinates or symmetry coordinates are calculated as a function of the φij parameters. Conditions on the restoring forces and energy are proposed that can be summarized in the equation F steep = Σ i T i D ii − 1 2 . The critical points of Fstp or certain “intersection” points (e.g., T 1 F 22 − 1 2 = T 2 F 11 − 1 2 for N = 2) determine the several mathematically acceptable sets of φij parameters. The molecular “true” F matrix has near-maximum parameterized restoring forces for coordinates associated with the highest vibration frequencies. In the Fstp equation, the Ti are geometrical factors derived using the virial theorem (e.g., T1 = r and T2 = 2 cosθ for C2v triatomic molecules) and the Dii are cofactors of the diagonal force constants. The method is illustrated with two-, three- and four-dimensional examples including F2O, NF3, ONF, H2S2 and other molecules. The force constants determined using the new method with the vibration frequencies of a single molecule compare very well with those determined by conventional methods using isotopic substitution, Coriolis coupling constants, and centrifugal distortion constants. For many molecules the F matrix is determined uniquely by knowledge of the vibrational assignment, since only one F matrix solution occurs with the proper assignment; in other cases, a certain minimal amount of additional information beyond the vibration frequencies and geometry may be necessary in order to select the “true” F matrix. For example, the DJK centrifugal distortion constants can isolate the true F matrices for the nitrosyl halides.
Precipitation of arsenic during bacterial sulfate reduction

Contaminated sediments from the Milltown Reservoir in western Montana release arsenic and various heavy metals (e.g., Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn) into an underlying alluvial aquifer as redox conditions in the sediments change with seasonally fluctuating water levels. Porewater analyses indicate that sulfate is depleted with depth. In this study, the feasibility of inducing As(III) precipitation through bacterial reduction of sulfate was evaluated in laboratory microcosms established under strictly anaerobic conditions. As(lII), Fe(II), and sulfate concentrations were routinely monitored in the aqueous phase as sulfate was reduced to sulfide. Both As(III) and Fe(II) concentrations in the sediment microcosms decreased as sulfide was made available. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDS) analysis indicated that some of the arsenic was precipitated as an iron‐arsenic‐sulfide solid phase. The precipitation of arsenic observed in this laboratory study suggests that bacterial sulfate reduction may be a process by which heavy met...
Stopping power of K and L electrons

In shellwise stopping-power calculations, the velocity-independent constant term distinct from the constant term contributing to the mean excitation energy is evaluated for $K$ and $L$ shells. Although the term vanishes for the H atom, a large contribution from it arises from $K$ shells for a few of the light atoms considered in this paper. Known values of the Hartree-Slater oscillator strengths are used to obtain $K$- and $L$-shell asymptotic stopping-number formulas for carbon, oxygen, and neon atoms.
Automatically annotating documents with normalized gene lists

Background Document gene normalization is the problem of creating a list of unique identifiers for genes that are mentioned within a document. Automating this process has many potential applications in both information extraction and database curation systems. Here we present two separate solutions to this problem. The first is primarily based on standard pattern matching and information extraction techniques. The second and more novel solution uses a statistical classifier to recognize valid gene matches from a list of known gene synonyms.
Orientation of Microsomal Membrane Porteins

AbstractOne major reason for determining the amino acid sequence of proteins comprising the liver microsomal hydroxylase system is to be able to apply the sequence data together with methodologies for isolating peptide fragments toward elucidation of their orientation in the membrane. In earlier reports we described the isolation and determination of the complete primary structure of several liver microsomal cytochromes b, [1-4], P-450 [5-8], epoxide hydrolase [9], and cytochrome b5 reductase [10]. More recently the complete amino acid sequence of microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase [11] and the 60-kDa membrane esterase [12] was also reported. Although much is known about the molecular properties and pharmacology of monooxygenase proteins, only a limited number of studies have been done to elucidate the orientation of these proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Protein synthesis by developing plastids isolated from Euglena gracilis

Euglena gracilis has been widely used as a model for the study of light-induced plastid development [ 11. When cells that have been grown in the dark are exposed to light, the proplastids differentiate rapidly into mature, functional chloroplasts. Although the concept that plastid and nuclear genomes share control of chloroplast development has become widely accepted, there is little direct information on the contributions of the plastid itself to this process [2-71. The development of a method for the isolation from Euglena of chloroplasts capable of rapid protein synthesis [8,9] encouraged us to investigate the expression of plastid genes by examining the products of protein synthesis in organello over the course of lightinduced development. In addition to finding increases in the synthesis of certain polypeptides (as observed in [3,5,10]) we find a number of high Mr polypeptides which are synthesized transiently during early stages of development.
Microarray analysis and tumor classification.

Microarray analysis is a tool that can be used to compare the RNA profile of one cancer with that of another and to determine the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. This article provides a description of the gene-expression microarray — how it works, how the data are analyzed, and the strengths and limitations of this tool.
Dual-mode planar applicator for simultaneous microwave heating and radiometric sensing

Combined heating and radiometric sensing of body tissues is attractive in certain medical applications. Presented for the first time is a novel dual-mode planar applicator, consisting of two concentric annular slots, intended for use in a microwave blood perfusion measurement system. Measurement results are presented to characterise the S-parameters and heating profile of the applicator at the frequencies of 0.9 GHz for heating and 1–2 GHz for radiometric sensing.
Size distribution of DNA replicative intermediates in bacteriophage P4 and in Escherichia coli.

Abstract We have tested the hypothesis that Okazaki fragment replicative intermediates have defined termini using as a model system the in vivo DNA replication of the tiny bacteriophage P4. The kinetics of formation of intermediates in P4 DNA replication have been investigated. P4 DNA replication in DNA polymerase I-deficient mutants generates Okazaki fragments with a size distribution similar to that in uninfected cells. When P4-derived Okazaki fragments are resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis, no discrete size classes appear. This finding is incompatible with sequence-specific models of Okazaki fragment formation but supports the view that these replication intermediates are initiated and terminated at random locations on the P4 chromosome.
Monolithically integrated dual-quadrature receiver on InP with 30 nm tunable local oscillator

We demonstrate a monolithically integrated dual-quadrature coherent receiver with greater than 30 nm widely-tunable SG-DBR local oscillator, signal input SOAs, a 90° optical hybrid and four 10 GHz photodetectors. With 20 Gb/s NRZ-QPSK, we demonstrate a required OSNR of 10 dB for a BER of 10−3 at four different wavelengths.
Cultural meaning and hip-hop fashion in the African-American male youth subculture of New Orleans

This paper reports results from an ethnographic study of African-American youth subculture in a New Orleans high school. The paper contends that youth subculture remains an important construct to situate stylistic resistance among subaltern groups like urban black youth that confront demands for conformity from representatives of institutional authority with alternative cultural solutions. The core argument is that resistance to demands for conformity among members of this subculture stands as a challenge to institutional power enforced by agents of media, school, police, and the prison that label as deviant stylistic expressions such as wearing sagging black pants and braided hairstyles. However, care must be taken not to reify youth subculture affiliation as overly inclusive and resistant, and instead focus on the variable commitment of participants to dominant culture or subculture. Subcultural styles like wearing sagging black pants manifest an ambiguous cocktail of resistance and acceptance of hegemo...
On the effective viscosity of suspensions

Abstract This work discusses the classical problem of effective viscosity of a Newtonian fluid with rigid spherical particles. It argues that the simple non-interaction approximation when formulated correctly yields an effective viscosity ratio for the suspension in the form μ / μ 0 = (1 − 2.5 ϕ ) −1 that remains accurate at much higher volume fractions of particles ϕ than the usual first-order approximation μ / μ 0 = 1 + 2.5 ϕ .
Seeing anew: Paradigm shifting across the virtuality continuum

Summary form only given. As an original pioneer of Virtual Reality, Tom Furness, founder of the international network of HIT Labs, presents both the legacy and future of Mixed and Augmented Reality through innovations that unlock and link minds. Inventing some of the original inspirations that led to the Google Glass and Oculus Rift, his keynote will inspire making creative leaps to realize the promise of research. Since the 1960's, his career has been about how to achieve radical innovation through helping others to “see anew.” In inspiring a paradigm shift in thinking about the virtuality continuum, his work and global network of labs has shifted the thinking from being about function to purpose; perception to performance; from capabilities to possibilities. “The virtuality continuum for me has been really about really bridging between the wonders of the real world and the infinite possibilities of the human imagination”.
Electronics: The road to carbon nanotube transistors

Purifying and positioning carbon nanotubes are challenges for the synthesis of electronic devices based on these nanomaterials. Recent advances in such areas reveal trends that are beating an exciting path towards transistor technology.
Identification of critical amino acid residues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase: definition of the ATP site involved in carboxy-phosphate formation

Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetases (CPSases) utilize two molecules of ATP at two homologous domains, B and C, with ATP(B) used to form the enzyme-bound intermediate carboxy-phosphate and ATP(C) used to phosphorylate the carbamate intermediate. To further define the role of one CPSase peptide suggested by affinity labeling studies to be near the ATP(B) site, we have carried out site-directed mutagenic analysis of peptide 234-242 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arginine-specific CPSase. Mutants E234A, E234D, E236A, E236D and E238A were unable to complement the CPSase-deficient yeast strain LPL26 whereas mutants Y237A, E238D, R241K, R241E and R241P supported LPL26 growth as well as wild-type CPSase. Kinetic analysis of E234A and Y237A indicated impaired utilization of ATP(B) but not of ATP(C). D242A, a temperature-sensitive mutant, retained no detectable activity when assayed in vitro. These findings, together with the affinity labeling data and primary sequence analysis, strongly suggest that the yeast CPSase peptide 234-242 is located at the ATP(B) site and that some of its residues are important for functioning of the enzyme. D242 appears to occupy a critical structural position and E234, E236 and E238 appear to be critical for function, with the spatial arrangement of the carboxyl side chain also critical for E234 and E236.
A diversity analysis of genetic resources in rice

A total of 1407 japonica and 488 indica accessions representing nine countries were randomly drawn from the International Rice Research Institute catalog of germ plasm resources for an analysis of diversity. The qualitative gene frequencies as well as means and coefficients of variation for quantitative traits for each race and country in general confirmed the widely recognized pattern of indica-japonica differentiation but suggested more overlap than often realized. Use of a diversity index showed indica to be more variable than japonica, but with different countries having similar levels of diversity. A multivariate analysis based on 39 characters showed divergence among countries within each race but with a great amount of overlap in the scatter of individual entries. This study was carried out simply to illustrate some genetic resource analyses and it is therefore discussed in relation to the documentation aspects.
Correction to "Closed-Loop Regulation of a Physiological Parameter by an IPFM/SDC (Integral Pulse Frequency Modulated/Smith Delay Compensator) Controller"

This theoretical paper discusses the realization of a discrete, closed-loop control system which uses an integral pulse frequency modulated/Smith delay compensator (IPFM/SDC) controller to regulate an in vivo physiological parameter to the prescribed quantity in real time. The pharmacokinetic (PK) plant considered is the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) blood-pressure plant. The simulated plant is appropriately time-and amplitude-scaled using op-amps and RC active filter elements.
A role for the mesolimbic dopamine system in the psychostimulant actions of MDMA

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a phenylethylamine with a chemical structure that resembles both the amphetamines and mescaline and has both stimulant and perception altering properties. The stimulant properties of MDMA were assessed in photocell cages designed to measure locomotor activity in rats. MDMA, over a range of doses (2.5–10.0 mg/kg, SC) produced locomotor hyperactivity which lasted up to 4 h. Further studies examined the role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in the hyperactivity induced by MDMA. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the Nucleus accumbens attenuated the locomotor response produced by MDMA. The well characterized attenuation of the locomotor response produced by amphetamine was also demonstrated in the same rats. The present study demonstrates similarities in the stimulant properties of MDMA and amphetamine, and also suggests that as with amphetamine, the locomotor activation associated with MDMA may involve the presynaptic release of dopamine in the region of the Nucleus accumbens. However, MDMA may have a more unusual pharmacological profile because of its longer duration of action, neurotoxic potential, and differences in the qualitative aspects of its psychoactive effects.
Of texts AND translations AND rhizomes: postcolonial anxieties AND deracinations AND knowledge constructions

This article uncovers some problems involved in culling and translating non-western texts-written in other languages, at particular times, for specific audiences, and rooted in particular local milieus-before assembling them into academic arguments in English in the west. Based on my longterm, evolving endeavour regarding English- and vernacular-language teaching in Gujarat, India, I argue that the seamless ways in which academic knowledge-which draws on translated texts-gets presented belie the murkiness, selectivity, and complexities underlying various stages of the translating and knowledge-building process. Drawing on eight years of extensive translating of Gujarati and Hindi documents and interviews in a variety of educational and community contexts, and on my own roles and experiences as postcolonial researcher who has had to translate herself divergently in across different geographical spaces and in different languages, I argue that uncovering the messinesses involved in selecting and translating ...
Adventitial Myofibroblasts Contribute to Neointimal Formation in Injured Porcine Coronary Arteries

Background The adventitia undergoes remodeling changes after a deep medial coronary injury. Because this process is associated with the formation of adventitial myofibroblasts, which resemble medial smooth muscle (SM) cells, we have examined myofibroblast involvement in the development of neointima. Methods and Results In a porcine model, severe endoluminal coronary injury resulted in fibroblast proliferation and adventitial remodeling. Significant adventitial responses were associated with increased neointimal formation (P<.01). To examine the contribution of adventitial cells to the development of neointima, proliferating cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at 12 and 24 hours after injury, and their subsequent localization was determined by immunohistochemistry (n=24). At 2 to 3 days after severe injury, the adventitia contained numerous BrdU-labeled cells (37±4%), whereas the media demonstrated infrequent labeled cells (4±1%). Adventitial cells lacked α-SM actin and desmin, which distingui...
Electric arc furnace compensation using LaGrange minimization

Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) are generally moderated by ancillary compensation to remove the time-varying reactive component from the utility load; the compensation strategy is fundamentally based upon an application of the Clarke transformation which does not use the zero component; as a result, the highly unbalanced EAF currents have a component that remains uncompensated. The present work uses LaGrange minimization to determine inactive currents that are then used to direct a Static Compensator (STATCOM). Where there is significant unbalance, the technique results in reduced line currents and improvements to the magnitude and stability of power delivered to the arc. The real power delivered by the STATCOM under the LaGrange technique is zero; where there is no line imbalance the results are identical to those produced by use of the Clarke transformation. The LaGrange scheme is compared directly to the Clarke transformation-based compensation scheme by the use of a PSCad model.
Parasites Paralyze Cellular Host Defense System to Promote Virulence

To promote their survival, intracellular pathogens must confront microbicidal activities induced by interferons. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Fentress et al. show that Toxoplasma gondii evades intracellular killing by deploying a virulence determinant, ROP18, which acts by directly phosphorylating and disabling an IFN-γ-inducible immunity-related GTPase involved in pathogen clearance.
Higher fasting serum insulin levels are associated with a better psychopathology profile in acutely ill non-diabetic inpatients with schizophrenia.

Abstract Objective Recent studies have suggested a beneficial role of insulin on brain function and psychological well-being. This study was undertaken to examine whether fasting serum insulin levels are associated with the psychopathology profile in a cross-sectional sample of acutely ill non-diabetic inpatients with schizophrenia. Methods Subjects were recruited from a county hospital. Each subject underwent a psychopathology assessment with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A fasting blood sample was taken to measure serum insulin, plasma glucose and lipids. Results Twenty-six subjects (7 females, 19 males) were included in the study. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant inverse relationships between serum insulin level and PANSS-Total, Positive Symptom subscale, and General Psychopathology subscale scores ( r = − 0.41, p = 0.037; r = − 0.49, p = 0.010; r = − 0.45, p = 0.023, respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between serum insulin level and PANSS-Negative Symptom subscale score ( r = − 0.13, p = 0.53). Partial correlation analysis showed that the inverse relationships between serum insulin levels and PANSS-Total, Positive Symptom subscale, and General Psychopathology subscale scores became even stronger after controlling for potential confounding variables including age, gender, race, family history of mental illness, age of illness onset and body-mass index (BMI). Conclusions Higher fasting serum insulin levels are associated with a better psychopathology profile in acutely ill non-diabetic inpatients with schizophrenia. It is speculated that insulin might improve clinical symptoms of schizophrenia by interacting with dopamine and other neurotransmitter systems.
Induced pollen tube directionality

Pollen grains placed within longitudinal cuts in styles germinate and produce pollen tubes which grow equally well towards the stigma or the ovary. If there are simultaneous stigmatic pollinations, the growth of the intrastylar pollen tubes toward the stigma is significantly impeded. This observation indicates the presence of an influence which may or may not be related to pollen tube tropism, one which is inducible rather than constitutive. POLLEN TUBE TROPISM is presently experiencing renewed attention because, in wide crosses, potentially useful as sources of valuable genetic variation, pollen tubes often fail to complete the passage from stigma to ovules (HeslopHarrison, 1986). An understanding of pollen tropism might allow such crossing barriers to be overcome. Despite a long history of study, the phenom
Anion blockers inhibit impulse‐evoked quantal transmitter release at the crayfish neuromuscular junction

1. The effects of the anion-transport blocking reagents Probenecid, 4,4′diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonate (DIDS), and pyridoxal phosphate on the number of quanta released (m) and the time course of the probability of quantal release, α(t), following an action potential were studied at single synaptic sites on the opener muscle in the crayfish leg. 2. Low concentrations (10-50 μM) of DIDS or Probenecid produced decreases in m to about 30-50% of the initial value; at higher concentrations (100 μM or greater), evoked release failed. Much greater concentrations (500 μM) of pyridoxal phosphate were necessary to produce decreases in m. 3. Synaptic depression in 50 μM-Probenecid was reversible by removing the agent; after treatment with 50 μM-DIDS, however, m partially regained the initial value upon removal of the drug. 4. The time course of α(t) after an action potential was unaffected by any of the reagents. 5. It is concluded that the reagents decrease the number of quanta evoked by a nerve impulse by decreasing the magnitude, but not the time course, of the average rate of quantal release following an action potential; it is suggested that nerves and other secretory cells may share a common mechanism during exocytosis that is subject to modification by these agents.
Ba2LnSbO6 and Sr2LnSbO6 (Ln = Dy, Ho, Gd) double perovskites: Lanthanides in the geometrically frustrating fcc lattice

Magnetic ground states in solids often arise as a result of a delicate balance between competing factors. One currently active area of research in magnetic materials involves compounds in which long-range magnetic ordering at low temperatures is frustrated by the geometry of the crystalline lattice, a situation known as geometrical magnetic frustration. The number of systems known to display the effects of such frustration is growing, but those that are sufficiently simple from theoretical, chemical, and physical perspectives to allow for detailed understanding remain very few. A search for model compounds in this family has led us to the double perovskites Ba2LnSbO6 and Sr2LnSbO6 (Ln = Dy, Ho, and Gd) reported here. Ba2DySbO6,Ba2HoSbO6,Sr2DySbO6, and Sr2HoSbO6 are structurally characterized by powder neutron diffraction at ambient temperature. The trivalent lanthanides and pentavalent antimony are found to be fully ordered in the double-perovskite arrangement of alternating octahedra sharing corner oxygens. In such a structure, the lanthanide sublattice displays a classical fcc arrangement, an edge-shared network of tetrahedra known to result in geometric magnetic frustration. No magnetic ordering is observed in any of these compounds down to temperatures of 2 K, and in the case of the Dy-based compounds in particular, frustration of the magnetic ordering is clearly present. Lanthanide-based double perovskites are proposed to be excellent model systems for the detailed study of geometric magnetic frustration.
Distribution of cell membrane-associated proteins along the human nephron.

Cytoskeletal proteins associate with specific cell adhesion complexes and membrane proteins and influence the structural and functional organization of polarized epithelial cells in the kidney. Among such proteins that have been studied in cultured cell lines and in animals are the tight junction complex (ZO-1 and occludin), the adherens cell-cell adhesion complex (α-, β-catenin and plakoglobin), and Na+,K+-ATPase, with its associated membrane skeleton proteins ankyrin and fodrin. Although abnormal distribution of these proteins has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, the relevance of these findings to corresponding disease of the human kidney remains to be established. As a first step towards elucidating a role for such proteins in human kidney disease, we undertook a histochemical analysis of the distribution of these proteins in biopsy specimens of human kidney taken from healthy kidney transplant donors. We found each protein to have a characteristic subcellular localization...