cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Portal–Systemic Shunts Reduce Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Density in Rats

The clinical usefulness of quantitative functional imaging techniques that use asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) binding is based on the correlation between ASGP-R density and hepatic functional reserve. Portal‐systemic shunting (PSS) is common in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension—the same group that is most frequently considered for such imaging. PSS occurs spontaneously through collateral vessels and from the creation of surgical shunts or placement of transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts (TIPS). Understanding the physiologic relationship between PSS and ASGP-R activity may aid in the interpretation of quantitative clinical imaging. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between PSS and ASGP-R density in the absence of parenchymal disease. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats with end-to-side portal-systemic shunts and sham-operated control rats were imaged with 99mTcdiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin. Pharmacokinetic modeling of the liver and heart time‐ activity data was used to measure ASGP-R concentration, as well as hepatic plasma volume and flow. Results: The mean ASGP-R density (nmol/g of liver) was significantly decreased in the shunted rats. Blood ammonia was significantly elevated, whereas hepatic plasma flow, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were unaltered. Liver histology was normal in both groups. Conclusion: A significant change in the ASGP-R density occurs with PSS in the absence of parenchymal disease. PSS appears to be an independent variable affecting ASGP-R activity. This could prove clinically important during interpretation of quantitative imaging from patients with varying degrees of PSS based on underlying disease or the presence of a surgical shunt or TIPS device.
Does air pollution accelerate progression of atherosclerosis

It is an accepted biological premise that development of clinical cardiovascular disease is the result of gene–environment interactions: gene expression that leads to disease is the result of environmental influences in the setting of a susceptible genetic framework. Intensive efforts have gone
Stress and Pilot Judgment: An Empirical Study Using MIDIS, a Microcomputer-Based Simulation

This report presents an information processing framework for predicting the effects of stress manipulations on pilot decision making. The framework predicts that stressors related to anxiety, time ...
Inequality at the Intersection of the Defense of Marriage Act and the Voting Rights Act

(2014). Inequality at the Intersection of the Defense of Marriage Act and the Voting Rights Act. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 261-267.
Constrained pathways to a creative urban economy

Creative (knowledge-intensive) occupations are now widely seen as a basis for urban economic prosperity. Yet the transitional pathways from a city’s current economy to a more creative economy are often difficult to discern or to navigate. Here we use a network perspective of occupational interdependencies to address questions of urban transitions to a creative economy. This perspective allows us to assess alternative pathways and to compare cities with regard to their progress along these pathways. We find that US urban areas follow a general trajectory towards a creative economy that requires them to increasingly specialise, not only in creative occupations, but also in non-creative ones – presumably because certain non-creative occupations complement the tasks performed by related creative occupations. This creates a pull towards non-creative occupations that becomes ever stronger as a city moves more towards a creative economy. All in all, cities with the most creative economies must undergo an overall...
Health-Related Quality of Life of Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Central Nervous System Tumors Identifying Domains From a Survivor Perspective

This article uses qualitative methods to describe the domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors identify as important. Survivors clearly attributed aspects of their current HRQoL to their disease or its treatment. We identified 7 key domains of AYA CNS tumor survivorship: physical health, social well-being, mental health, cognitive functioning, health behaviors, sexual and reproductive health, and support systems. Although most aspects of HRQoL that survivors discussed represented new challenges, there were several areas where survivors pointed out positive outcomes. There is a need for a HRQoL tool designed for this population of survivors, given their unique treatment and survivorship experience. Aspects of HRQoL related to cognition, sexual and reproductive health, health behaviors, and support systems are not typically included in generic HRQoL tools but should be assessed for this population. Developing HRQoL measurement instruments that capture the most significant aspects of HRQoL will improve the ability to track HRQoL in AYA CNS tumor survivors and in the long-term management of common sequelae from CNS tumors and their treatments.
Three dimensional simulations of a feedback controlled circular cylinder wake

Three dimensional open loop and closed loop feedback control simulations of the wake behind a circular cylinder are analyzed to explore the effect of spanwise phase variations. For feedback control, a low dimensional model based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in conjunction with a Least-Squares Estimation is used to estimate the flow state in the center plane behind the cylinder. In two dimensional simulations, we observed that at low Reynolds numbers (100 or less), the von Karman Vortex Street can be strengthened or weakened depending on the phase shift applied in the controller. At higher Reynolds numbers, if the vortex shedding is weakened, spanwise phase variations eventually lead to loss of control. The current computations show that the sensor plane can be successfully controlled for all cases. However, the vortices in other spanwise planes are out of phase and are amplified. Clearly, spanwise observability is necessary to stabilize the wake in three dimensions.
Reply to comment on ‘Correlating metastable-atom density, reduced electric field, and electron energy distribution in the post-transient stage of a 1 Torr argon discharge’ 2015 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 24 034009

The attention to a detailed analysis by Sadeghi [1] of our paper [2], using Weatherford and Barnat [3] for reference information is appreciated and motivates us to clarify points in our paper referred to in the Comment [1]. In this Reply, we respond to the two remarks by Sadeghi [1] claiming to render as unjustified our original conclusion based on validity of the 420.1/419.8 nm emission intensity ratio method for the estimate of argon metastable density, and clear up other possible misinterpretations of the data presented in our paper [2].
A Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Model for Selective Ultrasonic Foaming

A novel technique was developed for the fabrication of porous polymer for biomedical applications using selective ultrasonic foaming. It was found that the gas concentration of saturated polymer samples plays an important role in the creation of open celled, interconnected porous structures. In this paper, we present a concentration-dependent diffusion model for PMMA-CO2 gas polymer system to understand the open-cell mechanism in the selective ultrasonic foaming process. An explicit finite difference scheme was employed to solve the nonlinear gas diffusion equation. By comparing with the polymer gas saturation data, a necessary condition for open celled structure is established in terms of the gas concentration levels.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The Partial Thromboplastin Time with Kaolin: A Simple Screening Test for First Stage Plasma Clotting Factor Deficiencies

The partial thromboplastin time (PPT) test consists of recalcifying plasma in the presence of a lipid reagent that supplies optimal platelet thromboplastic factor-like activity. Thus, the test measures the overall adequacy of the intrinsic plasma-clotting factors. It has proven particularly valuable in the recognition of hemophilia and the hemophilioid states, i.e., deficiencies of antihemophilic globulin (AHG, Factor VIII), of plasma thromboplastin component (PTC, Factor IX), of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), and of Hageman factor (HF). Despite its simplicity, the PTT is not widely used in clinical laboratories. Instead, when faced with the task of screening patients for possible plasma thromboplastic factor deficiencies, most laboratories either rely upon insensitive or erratic technics, such as clotting times or prothrombin consumption tests, or resort to the complicated thromboplastin generation test. This neglect of the partial thromboplastin time technic has stemmed partly from the lack of a commercially available partial thromboplastin and partly from a failure to obtain short clotting times consistently with normal plasma in some laboratories. Waaler has demonstrated that long times with normal plasma may be caused by inadequate contact activation of the test plasma when
Impact of Leadership Network Structure on the Creative Output of Multiteam Systems

As knowledge becomes increasingly specialized and organizational innovation challenges increase in importance and complexity, specialized teams need to bridge with other specialized teams forming c...
Correlation of leukemia-associated antigens and Ph1 chromosome in fibroblastlike cells derived from bone marrow

A search was made for the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph 1 +) and leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) in fibroblastlike cells (FLC) derived from human bone marrow. A variable number of Ph 1 + cells were observed in seven primary cultures and five monolayer passages of FLC derived from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Three monolayers of FLC from normal bone marrow and three cultures of skin fibroblasts were used as controls. LAA were determined by (1) the antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay using a monkey antiserum made to the Ph 1 +cell line, K-562, and (2) the immunoperoxidase assay using the monkey antiserum and rabbit anti-monkey IgG fraction conjugated with peroxidase. By these criteria, Ph 1 + FLC were positive for LAA while Ph 1 - FLC were negative. Linear regression analysis indicated that there was a direct correlation between the number (3%-18%) of the Ph 1 + FLC and the number (12%-30%) of immunoperoxidase-positive cells in the same cultures (r = 0.635) and also between the latter and the amount (18%-66%) of “Cr released per 106 cells (r = 0.834). The data presented herein show that Ph 1 + FLC possess LAA similar or identical with that found in highly undifferentiated myelogenous leukemia cells. This suggests that the Ph 1 + FLC may represent the earliest precursor (stem cell?) pool of myelogenous leukemia or stromal cells. The Ph 1 + FLC bearing LAA detached from the solid surface, which was overgrown by normal FLC that depended on anchorage for growth. Thus leukemic FLC did not survive well in long-term monolayer cultures.
Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescence. Incidence and progression of untreated scoliosis

Decision making in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requires a thorough knowledge of the natural history. Treatment decisions must be individualized based on the probabilities of progression. Any treatment for AIS must influence the "natural history" in a positive way. The natural history of AIS with reference to back pain, effects on pulmonary function, psychosocial effects, mortality, effect on pregnancy and risks of progression in the immature and mature patient are presented.
Effect of Coordination Environment in Grafted Single-Site Ti-SiO 2 Olefin Epoxidation Catalysis

The effect of calixarene ligand symmetry, as dictated by lower-rim substitution pattern, on the coordination to a Ti(IV) cation is assessed in solution and when grafted on SiO_2, and its effect on epoxidation catalysis by Ti(IV)-calixarene grafted on SiO_2 is investigated. C_(2v) symmetric Ti-tert-butylcalix[4]arene complexes that are 1,3-alkyl disubstituted at the lower rim (di-R-Ti) are compared to previously reported grafted C_s symmetric complexes, which are singly substituted at the lower rim (mono-R-Ti). ^(13)C MAS NMR spectra of complexes isotopically enriched at the lower-rim alkyl position indicate that di-R-Ti predominantly grafts onto silica as the conformation found in solution, exhibiting a deshielded alkyl resonance compared to the grafted mono-R-Ti complexes, which is consistent with stronger alkyl ether→Ti dative interactions that are hypothesized to result in higher electron density at the Ti center. Moreover, ^(13)C MAS NMR spectroscopy detects an additional contribution from an “endo” conformer for grafted di-R-Ti sites, which is not observed in solution. Based on prior molecular modeling studies and on ^(13)C MAS NMR spectroscopy chemical shifts, this “endo” conformer is proposed to have similar Ti–(alkyl ether) distances at the lower-rim and electron density at the Ti center relative to grafted mono-R-Ti complexes. Differences between grafted mono-R-Ti and di-R-Ti sites can be observed by ligand-to-metal charge transfer edge-energies, calculated from diffuse-reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy at 2.24 ± 0.02 and 2.16 ± 0.02 eV, respectively. However, rates of tert-butyl hydroperoxide consumption in the epoxidation of 1-octene are found to be largely unchanged when compared to those of the grafted mono-R-Ti complexes, with average rate constants of ~1.5 M^(−2) s^(−1) and initial TOF of ~4 ks^(−1) at 323 K. This suggests that an “endo” conformation of grafted di-R-Ti may prevail during catalysis. Despite this, grafted di-C_1-Ti complexes can be more selective than mono-C_1-Ti complexes (45 vs. 34 % at a 50 % conversion at 338 and 353 K), illustrating the importance of the Ti coordination environment on epoxidation catalysis.
Child Witnesses and the Confrontation Clause

After the Supreme Court's ruling in Crawford v. Washington that a criminal defendant's right to confront the witnesses against him is violated by the admission of testimonial hearsay that has not been cross-examined, lower courts have overturned convictions in which hearsay from children was admitted after child witnesses were either unwilling or unable to testify. A review of social scientific evidence regarding the dynamics of child sexual abuse suggests a means for facilitating the fair receipt of children's evidence. Courts should hold that defendants have forfeited their confrontation rights if they exploited a child's vulnerabilities such that they could reasonably anticipate that the child would be unavailable to testify. Exploitation includes choosing victims on the basis of their filial dependency, their vulnerability, or their immaturity, as well as taking actions that create or accentuate those vulnerabilities.
Women and eating disorders, Part II: Developmental, familial, and biological risk factors.

The problem of eating disorders in women is a topic of concern for health care providers today. The focus of this article is on the developmental, familial, and biological factors that may put young women at risk. Identity, body image, autonomy, and separation‐individuation are the developmental issues explored. Particular family characteristics such as enmeshment, cohesiveness, overprotectiveness, and boundary rigidity are presented as risk factors as well. The biological predisposition to obesity and the possibility of a predisposition to an affective disorder are considered. The role of the health professional with respect to prevention by intervening in risk factor development is discussed with an emphasis on the education and guidance of parents throughout the life cycle.
Pulmonary hypertension in children

The prevalence of PH is increasing in the pediatric population, because of improved recognition and increased survival of patients, and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have improved the understanding of pediatric PH, but management remains challenging because of a lack of evidence-based clinical trials. The growing contribution of developmental lung disease requires dedicated research to explore the use of existing therapies as well as the creation of novel therapies. Adequate study of pediatric PH will require multicenter collaboration due to the small numbers of patients, multifactorial disease causes, and practice variability.
Normal and Pathologic Mucosa

The chapter describes the histological features of the normal mucosa in the four main regions of the stomach: the cardia, fundus, body, and antrum. It also addresses the main histological changes seen in the most commonly seen gastritis: Helicobacter pylori gastritis, lymphocytic gastritis, granulomatous gastritis and gastric Crohn’s disease, eosinophilic gastritis, graft-versus-host disease, reactive gastropathy, and nonspecific gastritis.
Control networks and hubs

Executive control functions are associated with frontal, parietal, cingulate, and insular brain regions that interact through distributed large-scale networks. Here, we discuss how fMRI functional connectivity can shed light on the organization of control networks and how they interact with other parts of the brain. In the first section of our review, we present convergent evidence from fMRI functional connectivity, activation, and lesion studies that there are multiple dissociable control networks in the brain with distinct functional properties. In the second section, we discuss how graph theoretical concepts can help illuminate the mechanisms by which control networks interact with other brain regions to carry out goal-directed functions, focusing on the role of specialized hub regions for mediating cross-network interactions. Again, we use a combination of functional connectivity, lesion, and task activation studies to bolster this claim. We conclude that a large-scale network perspective provides important neurobiological constraints on the neural underpinnings of executive control, which will guide future basic and translational research into executive function and its disruption in disease.
Algebraic Turbulence Models

In this chapter are discussed algebraic models suitable for calculating turbulent boundary layers, transport coefficients that account for various effects such as pressure gradient and heat and mass transfer. The eddy-viscosity and mixing-length models are presented, then the Cebeci-Smith (CS) model is discussed in some detail for momentum and heat transfer, taking account of the effects of low Reynolds number, transverse curvature, streamwise wall curvature, natural transition and roughness. The CS model is then extended to strong pressure-gradient flows using the Johnson-King and Cebeci-Chang approaches, and further for application to Navier-Stokes methods. The chapter concludes with an examination of eddy conductivity and turbulent Prandtl number models, and the use of the CS model for three-dimensional flows.
Control of Forward and Reverse Electron Flow in Mitochondria: Thermodynamic versus Kinetic Considerations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses control of forward and reverse electron flow in mitochondria. The problems that arise while trying to understand how changes in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or Piaffect the rate of oxygen consumption or reverse electron flow are twofold, in the sense that neither the actual coupling nor the regulatory mechanisms which must exist are known in detail. The chapter examines the effects of nucleotide analogs as inhibitors or alternative substrates for reverse electron flow. Explanations for the modulation of electron transfer rates in mitochondria by reactants generally fall into one of the three categories. These are control by the total proton electrochemical gradient (ΔμH+), the phosphate potential (AGATP), and the concentrations of reactants relative to Michaelis constants and inhibition constants. At high ADP, the carrier appears to be rate- limiting whereas at low ADP concentrations, the availability of substrate appears to be ratelimiting.
Rape Acknowledgment and Sexual Minority Women’s Mental Health and Drinking Behaviors:

Adult sexual assault (ASA) has been linked to numerous negative psychological and behavioral outcomes. Recent research suggests that postassault adaptation may differ based on how the victim conceptualizes their ASA. For instance, women who label their rape experiences as such (i.e., acknowledged rape victims) report worse mental health symptoms than women who do not (i.e., unacknowledged rape victims). To date, this literature has focused exclusively on heterosexual women. Relative to heterosexuals, sexual minority women (SMW) are at greater risk for sexual assault and report worse postassault outcomes, yet little is known about rape acknowledgment in this at-risk population. Moreover, it is unclear how distal factors, such as childhood sexual abuse (CSA), may influence SMW's rape acknowledgment following ASA. A total of 205 self-identified lesbian and bisexual women were categorized into four groups (no ASA, ASA that did not involve rape, rape acknowledged, rape unacknowledged) and compared across mental health and drinking outcomes. Roughly, 42% of the sample experienced rape, and of those, 60% were acknowledged rape victims. Results revealed no statistical differences between acknowledged and unacknowledged rape victims in terms of mental health or alcohol use. However, relative to comparison groups, SMW who were acknowledged rape victims reported greater mental health symptoms, and both acknowledged and unacknowledged rape victims reported greater hazardous drinking. Among SMW with rape histories, greater CSA severity increased the probability of acknowledging rape. These findings provide valuable information regarding SMW's postassault adaptation and can contribute to interventions to assist SMW who experience sexual assault.
Micro/nano acoustofluidics: materials, phenomena, design, devices, and applications

Acoustic actuation of fluids at small scales may finally enable a comprehensive lab-on-a-chip revolution in microfluidics, overcoming long-standing difficulties in fluid and particle manipulation on-chip. In this comprehensive review, we examine the fundamentals of piezoelectricity, piezoelectric materials, and transducers; revisit the basics of acoustofluidics; and give the reader a detailed look at recent technological advances and current scientific discussions in the discipline. Recent achievements are placed in the context of classic reports for the actuation of fluid and particles via acoustic waves, both within sessile drops and closed channels. Other aspects of micro/nano acoustofluidics are examined: atomization, translation, mixing, jetting, and particle manipulation in the context of sessile drops and fluid mixing and pumping, particle manipulation, and formation of droplets in the context of closed channels, plus the most recent results at the nanoscale. These achievements will enable applications across the disciplines of chemistry, biology, medicine, energy, manufacturing, and we suspect a number of others yet unimagined. Basic design concepts and illustrative applications are highlighted in each section, with an emphasis on lab-on-a-chip applications.
Scleromyxedema Myopathy: Histochemical and Electron Microscopic Observations

A biopsy-proven case of scleromyxedema (papular mucinosis) with IgG lambda light chain paraproteinemia, eosinophilia and severe proximal myopathy is presented. Muscle biopsy revealed an atypical necrotizing vacuolar myopathy. Histochemical studies of cryostat sections revealed fiber necrosis, severe type II fiber atrophy, and fiber vacuolization with NADH tetrazolium reductase hyperactivity. Electron microscopy showed myocytolysis, reduplication of the basement membrane, and unit membrane-lined vacuoles negative for acid mucopolysaccharide.
Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of S-waves and SH-wave transfer functions at the vertical seismic and strong-motion arrays in the Central United States

Abstract Spectral analyses were performed on S-waves of earthquake recordings from two vertical seismic and strong-motion arrays in the central United States to obtain horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) and transfer functions. Spectral analyses were also performed on ambient noises to obtain HVSRs at both sites. Theoretical SH-wave transfer functions were obtained using Thomson-Haskell propagation matrices and soil profiles at both sites. The results demonstrate that the S-wave HVSR is similar to the observed and theoretical SH-wave transfer functions in terms of peak frequencies up to the fifth mode. In other words, the S-wave HVSR could be used as an empirical SH-wave transfer function and provide in situ constraints on the shear-wave velocity structure of soils at these sites. The results also demonstrate that the ambient-noise HVSR is different from the S-wave HVSR and SH-wave transfer functions of the soils. Thus, the ambient-noise HVSR is not applicable for characterizing earthquake ground-motion site-effect, as well as determining the shear-wave velocity structure.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection

Necrotizing soft tissue infections are relatively infrequent but highly lethal infections, encompassing a spectrum of presentations with varying severity of soft tissue infections. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of NSTI can be challenging but are extremely crucial to survival. Given the relative rarity of this disease presentation, familiarity of epidemiology, clinical presentation, and laboratory and imaging diagnostic tools and understanding various facets of perioperative treatment, including surgical treatment, are essential. This chapter provides important insights on NSTI and provides a useful framework to help to improve overall patient morbidity and mortality.
Signal Sensitivity Enhancement of High-Spatial-Resolution MR Imaging With a Concatenated Cylindrical Parametric RF-Resonator

Phased array MRI coils can increase the sensitivity of superficial tissues owing to their proximity to the detection region. Deep-lying tissues, on the other hand, do not benefit to the same degree. Here, we investigate the use of a localized cylindrically symmetric quadruple frequency resonator concatenated with a double frequency resonator to increase the longitudinal field-of-view (FOV) without compromising the spatial-resolution and detection sensitivity. These concatenated array coils work on the principle of a parametric amplification to provide the wireless amplification of the locally detected NMR signal prior to inductively coupling the coil to an external pick-up loop with connection to the system receiver. When both the detectors are activated together, the effective range of both overlays to create a larger FOV enabling a better identification of detectable regions. Furthermore, the in vivo test of the concatenated detector provides a worst-case five-fold SNR gain in regions separated from the cylindrical surface larger than its own diameter. This proposed approach of concatenated detector realization can be individually activated and manipulated to enlarge the sensitivity-enhanced region without sacrificing their individual performance. Compared with double frequency detectors, quadruple frequency detectors offer more flexibility in the choice of detector dimension, enabling multi-element concatenation over an extended FOV.
Inhibiting laser oxidation of UO2 via Th substitution

Abstract UO2, a major component of nuclear fuels, undergoes volume-changing oxidation reactions that make its long-term storage challenging. The impact of substituting Th, which has a stable oxidation state of 4 + as opposed to the stable 6+, 5+, or 4 + states of U, into UO2 on the oxidation potential of the resulting isostructural solid solution is investigated. Hydrothermally grown single crystals of UxTh1-xO2, with x = 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, or 1.0 are subjected to a damaging 532 nm laser whose power is tuned at ≥ 3.04 mW to be simultaneously used as a driving force for oxidation and as an excitation source for μ-Raman spectroscopy. In so doing, the oxidation of UxTh1-xO2 to UxTh1-xO2+δ when x = 0.9 or 0.75 can be tracked by the evolution of a peak near 630 cm−1, which is indicative of the formation of oxygen interstitials. Higher Th contents disable this oxidation reaction and engender increased laser damage resistance. The oxidation of UO2 to U3O8 is found to be completely inhibited by all Th contents studied.
Exploring Positive Psychological Interventions as Race, Gender and Disability Intersect

This chapter will discuss the need for a positive psychology framework that can be useful for counseling individuals toward healthy social identity development considering the intersectionality of race and ethnicity with, gender and disability in the United States. It aims to elucidate the qualities of a culturally responsive, strengths-based perspective to examine well-being for historical socially marginalized groups. Csikszentmihalyi & Seligman (American Psychologist, 55:5–14, 2000) have presented a schema regarding the strength of our positive humanity; as the diversity of our society grows, there does appear to be a need to have focused understandings of identities that are colored by intergenerational experiences of oppression and cultural subversions. The complex nature of intersecting identities calls to question, how broadly-based themes of the strengths of individuals can adequately address multiple aspects of one’s identity. This chapter will utilize an intersectionality (Crenshaw in University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989:139–167, 1989) approach to decipher collective strengths among historically marginalized groups. Understanding how cultural context and environment can mold an interpretation of strength (Wright in The handbook of social and clinical psychology. Pergamon, New York, pp. 469–487, 1991) across multiple identities is critical. The chapter will begin with a review of the history of positive psychology in addressing targeted cultural variables of: (a) race/ethnicity; (b) gender and (c) disability, specifically focused on mental health support interventions. We highlight the attributes of an intersectionality-based clinical approach to counseling for social identity development at the confluence of race, ethnicity, gender and disability.
Locomotor correlates of the scapholunar of living and extinct carnivorans

The relationship of carpal morphology to ecology and habitat is under studied in carnivorans and more generally in mammals. Here, we use 3D-scanning techniques to assess the usefulness of a carpal bone, the scapholunar, in carnivorans to reflect ecology and habitat, and to reconstruct the ecology of five extinct carnivorans from two fossil sites: Rancho La Brea and Natural Trap Cave. We 3D-scanned scapholunars and measured articular surface areas and angles between articular facets using GeoMagic and Rhino 3D-software. We analyzed the difference in these metrics using multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis. Results show that the scapholunar reflects ecological signal, with clear groupings of cursorial carnivorans and grappling/climbing carnivorans; however, phylogenetic signal was also present in the results with hyaenids, canids, and large felids in distinct morphospaces. Extinct species Miracinonyx trumani (American cheetah) and Smilodon fatalis (sabertooth cat) showed surprising results with M. trumani grouping with pantherines instead of Acinonyx or Puma, suggesting it runs but still retains the ability to grapple prey. S. fatalis groups with pantherines, but also shows some unique adaptations, suggesting it had a different range of wrist motion than living cats. Overall, the scapholunar is a good indicator of ecology and functional morphology and can be another tool to use in modern and fossil carnivorans to reconstruct extinct ecologies and locomotor behaviors.
The Use of State Plane Coordinates in Reporting Traffic Accidents in Indiana

A computer-oriented system is being developed in Indiana for analyses of traffic accident data. A detailed description is given of the method by which police officers use a binder of large-scale ma...
The influence of eating habits on the academic performance of university students.

Objective: To explore the correlation between eating habits of university students and academic achievement.Participants: 577 undergraduate students at a university in the United States.Methods: St...
Nothing new under the sun: South Korea’s developmental promises and neoliberal illusions

The Korean government has strategically promoted the country’s development assistance policies as an alternative to traditional donors’ failed development promises and disguised neo-imperialist pol...
Contextualizing Homicide-Suicide: Examining How Ecological Gun Availability Affects Homicide-Suicide at Multiple Levels of Analysis:

There is virtually no information on the relevance of contextual gun availability for homicide-suicide, or on whether ecological gun availability distinguishes homicide-suicide from homicide-only a...
The Association Between School Tobacco Control Policies and Youth Smoking Behavior

While U.S. tobacco control policy has focused mainly on tobacco excise taxes, product advertising bans, and state tobacco control policies such as indoor/outdoor smoking bans, little attention has been paid to school tobacco control policies and their impact on youth smoking behavior. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of school tobacco control policies on smoking behavior among teenagers and young adults in the USA. Using logistic regression approach, this study examines the effect of school tobacco control policies on individuals ever trying smoking and ever being a regular smoker using data from waves I, II, and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Findings indicate that school tobacco control policies targeting both students and employees of the school are associated with a reduced odds of smoking initiation among youth, but do not have much effect on youth becoming regular smokers. If implemented properly, school tobacco control policies could play a vital role in preventing youth smoking and help reduce youth smoking rates in the country, addressing a key public health issue.
O corpo desaparecido: a permanência da literatura em Ricardo Piglia

In this article, I analyze how writing behaves in regard to the flow of life in Ricardo Piglia’s work. To this end, I investigate how, in his writings, the battle for meaning ends up finding, in matter in motion, a virtually insurmountable obstacle. In my reflection, I start with the inert body as something that inspires fiction to spring into action. From there, I suggest that the search for meaning permeates Piglia’s work, both in fiction and criticism, especially in his own relationship to detective fiction. The question of meaning is made increasingly more complex by the impossibility of narrating experience, a Benjaminian topic that Piglia embraces wholeheartedly. At the end of my article, I scrutinize a word change that I recently discovered while I was flipping through Piglia’s typewritten notes in his personal papers, now stored at Princeton University’s Firestone Library. How do meaning and truth relate? And how does narrative offer a space for a relationship such as this to fully unfold? These are some of the issues addressed here, with Piglia’s work both as inspiration and object of analysis.
Cues to care: A systematic analytical review

Abstract Placing environmentally beneficial elements into human-dominated landscapes can be challenging if the resulting landscape appearance does not align with cultural values. To address this challenge, Nassauer introduced “cues to care” (CTC) as landscape elements for design, and, in three foundational papers, she developed theories to explicate mechanisms of their potential social and environmental effects. These underlying perceptual, cultural, and social mechanisms are immediate recognizability, communication of caring human intention or presence, and a consistency with local cultural traditions or social norms for landscape appearance. To identify trends and opportunities in CTC scholarship and implementation, we examine relationships among CTC and their mechanisms by reviewing literature citing any of the three foundational papers. We note: 1) what CTC were identified, and 2) which of the three underlying mechanisms were described. Our analysis shows that first, many more papers include CTC as landscape elements than examine their underlying mechanisms; second, CTC and their mechanisms are interpreted with different emphases across study topics that are loosely associated with disciplines; and finally, land use/landcover (LULC) contexts influence choices of CTC. These differences suggest that greater consideration of mechanisms of CTC in scholarship could enhance their effectiveness in design and management. We discuss the related potential for CTC to be used as boundary objects for communication among disciplines, practitioners, and stakeholders – specific to locales and applications. With this more critical perspective on their use, CTC could become more effective in providing cultural ecosystem services and protecting ecosystem services more broadly.
Long-term potentiation of glycinergic synapses by semi-natural stimulation patterns during tonotopic map refinement.

Before the onset of hearing, cochlea-generated patterns of spontaneous spike activity drive the maturation of central auditory circuits. In the glycinergic sound localization pathway from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) to the lateral superior olive (LSO) this spontaneous activity guides the strengthening and silencing of synapses which underlies tonotopic map refinement. However, the mechanisms by which patterned activity regulates synaptic refinement in the MNTB-LSO pathway are still poorly understood. To address this question, we recorded from LSO neurons in slices from prehearing mice while stimulating MNTB afferents with stimulation patterns that mimicked those present in vivo. We found that these semi-natural stimulation patterns reliably elicited a novel form of long-term potentiation (LTP) of MNTB-LSO synapses. Stimulation patterns that lacked the characteristic high-frequency (200 Hz) component of prehearing spike activity failed to elicit potentiation. LTP was calcium dependent, required the activation of both g-protein coupled GABAB and metabotropic glutamate receptors and involved an increase in postsynaptic glycine receptor-mediated currents. Our results provide a possible mechanism linking spontaneous spike bursts to tonotopic map refinement and further highlight the importance of the co-release of GABA and glutamate from immature glycinergic MNTB terminals.
Bioengineering lungs - current status and future prospects.

Once pulmonary disease progresses to end-stage pulmonary disease, treatment options are very limited. An important advance in the field is the development of a bioartificial lung derived from a gen...
Socio-ecological and pharmacy-level factors associated with naloxone stocking at standing-order naloxone pharmacies in New York City.

Abstract Background Research on socio-ecological factors that may impede or facilitate access to naloxone in pharmacies remains limited. This study investigated associations between socio-ecological factors, pharmacy participation in the naloxone cost assistance program (NCAP), pharmacy characteristics and having naloxone in stock among pharmacies in New York City. Methods Phone interviews were conducted with 662 pharmacies selected from the New York City Naloxone Standing Order List. Multi-level generalized linear modeling estimated associations between neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, poverty rates, overdose fatality rates, pharmacy participation in N-CAP, having private physical spaces within the pharmacy, knowledge of where to refer people to obtain naloxone and adjusted relative risk (aRR) that the pharmacy would have naloxone in stock. Results Findings from this study supported several of the hypotheses. Greater neighborhood poverty was associated with a lower likelihood of carrying naloxone compared to neighborhoods with less poverty (aRR = .79, CI95 % = .69, .90, p Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that community-level socioeconomic marginalization is a contributor to disparities in naloxone availability among pharmacies in New York City. Findings support harm reduction interventions tailored to the built environment of pharmacies that respect privacy to those seeking naloxone.
Postoperative Expectations and Instructions

The success of any aesthetic procedure, such as surgical hair transplant, rests on numerous factors, including patient selection, surgical technique, and postoperative care. Surgeons often focus heavily on the details involved in surgical planning and technique, but may devote less attention to preparing their patients for what to expect in the postoperative period. A masterfully performed surgical procedure can be quickly derailed by improper postoperative care of the surgical site. Additionally, a patient who is incompletely informed about postoperative expectations may view normal portions of their recovery in a negative light, which risks undermining their satisfaction with an otherwise technically successful surgery. Particularly in a procedure such as hair transplant, where success is defined as much by subjective patient satisfaction as by quantitative hair growth, the surgeon should ensure that each patient has a clear and complete understanding of what to expect during the postoperative recovery. As is often stated with the care of a surgical patient, a surgeon who discusses potential surgical risks and complications prior to surgery is providing informed consent, but a surgeon who has this discussion after surgery is providing excuses.
Hospital Nursing Staff Perceptions of Resources Provided by Their Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted the health and psychological well-being of hospital nursing staff. While additional support is needed to better c...
FINDINGS FROM A MAJOR U.S. SURVEY OF PERSONS HOSPITALIZED WITH HEAD INJURIES

In 1974, work began on the first national survey of head and spinal cord injuries in the United States. The survey was a project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke of the Public Health Service. This article presents highlights of the survey, particularly the findings about head injuries (that is, brain injuries). The survey population consisted of people admitted to U.S. hospitals as inpatients between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1974. To be medically eligible, patients must have experienced physical injury (except birth trauma) caused by an external, mechanical force. Probability sampling was used in a three-stage plan to select appropriate hospital records. Findings of the head and spinal cord injury survey follow: Of all age groups, 15- to 24-year-olds had the highest rate of head injuries. Males had a rate of head injuries more than twice that of females. Head injuries occurred most often on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays. The chief cause of head injuries was motor vehicle accidents. Language: en
Chemotaxis in Azospirillum

The ability of Azospirillum to colonize the roots of plants depends on motility and chemotaxis. Azospirillum cells are motile and capable of chemotaxis toward organic acids, sugars, and some aminoacids. Azospirillum is also able to navigate gradients of oxygen, alternative electron acceptors, and redox active compounds. Most attractants and repellents described thus far for this bacterial genus include compounds that affect intracellular metabolism, leading to the suggestion that most taxis responses correspond to energy taxis in Azospirillum spp. Several spatial and temporal gradient assays that can be implemented as quantitative methods are available to characterize taxis responses in Azospirillum species. The analysis of complete sequence genomes of several Azospirillum species reveals that taxis responses are coordinated by multiple chemotaxis pathways. All genomes also possess a chemotaxis pathway that is predicted to regulate alternative cellular functions other than flagellar motility. Genome analyses indicate that all Azospirillum spp. sequenced to date encode for an extremely large repertoire of putative chemotaxis receptors, which is likely contributing to explaining their ubiquitous distribution.
Commercial Methods in Clinical Veterinary Microbiology

This chapter describes, and in some cases reports evaluations of, those commercial identification systems that are used by veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Most modern viral diagnostic tests are rapid assays aimed at detection of antiviral antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], Western immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, serum virus neutralization [SVN], hemagglutination inhibition [HI], agar gel immunodiffusion [AGID], and complement fixation [CF]), detection of viral antigens (immunohistochemistry [IHC], antigen-capture ELISA, and frozen tissue immunofluorescence), or detection (or amplification) of viral nucleic acids (PCR and its related techniques, in situ hybridization [ISH], Southern blot hybridization, and dot blot hybridization). In addition, modern molecular tests and procedures (such as PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] analysis, sequencing, and sequence analysis) are being used more commonly for further genetic characterization of viruses and for differential diagnosis. With a known viral antigen, latex agglutination test (LAT) can also be used to detect antiviral antibody, such as that for swine pseudorabies virus. LAT kits are commercially available for a few veterinary viruses. The chapter also focuses on reviews of studies that have evaluated the applicability of bacterial identification systems for identification of bacteria isolated from animal specimens. The identification of dermatophytes from animal specimens is emphasized in the chapter because dermatophytes are causes of zoonotic infections as well as common infections in animals. Identification of mites, lice, ticks, fleas, and fly larvae infecting animals is a common occurrence for veterinary parasitologists.
Microchemical investigation of medicinal plants. VIII

Preliminary investigation of the popular Chinese herbal medicine San Ch'i has shown the presence of polysaccharide material. Extraction with absolute ethanol and thin-layer chromatography has shown the presence of four different components. Infrared analysis of each component has been performed by attenuated total reflectance.
Prostanoids inhibit intestinal NaCl absorption in experimental porcine cryptosporidiosis

Abstract Background: Recent studies of piglet cryptosporidiosis have shown that impaired Na + -coupled glucose absorption is associated with a loss of two thirds of the villous absorptive surface and an inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria. Because inflammatory cells release eicosanoids that may alter electrolyte transport, the present study examined the role of prostanoids on NaCl transport. Methods: Ileal mucosa was stripped of its muscle layers and mounted in Ussing chambers in the presence or absence of indomethacin. Adjacent tissue was also frozen for subsequent extraction and radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Results: Results showed that net Na + absorption is inhibited and net Cl − secretion is induced in infected piglets. Indomethacin restored net Na + and Cl − absorption to control levels and exogenous PGE reversed this effect. Radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts showed that PGE 2 increased from 56.7 ± 9.6 ng/cm 2 in control to 134 ± 16.8 ng/cm 2 in infected ileum ( P Conclusions: These data indicate that in addition to the Na-glucose malabsorption arising from structural damage, part of the diarrhea of these infected animals must be attributed to local prostanoid production.