cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controlling Nitrosamines, Nitramines, and Amines in Amine-Based CO2 Capture Systems with Continuous Ultraviolet and Ozone Treatment of Washwater

Formation of nitrosamines and nitramines from reactions between flue gas NOx and the amines used in CO2 capture units has arisen as a significant concern. Washwater scrubbers can capture nitrosamines and nitramines. They can also capture amines, preventing formation of nitrosamines and nitramines downwind by amine reactions with ambient NOx. The continuous application of UV alone, or a combination of UV and ozone to the return line of a washwater treatment unit was evaluated to control the accumulation of nitrosamines, nitramines and amines in a laboratory-scale washwater unit. With model secondary amine solvents ranging from nonvolatile diethanolamine to volatile morpholine, application of 272–537 mJ/cm2 UV incident fluence alone reduced the accumulation of nitrosamines and nitramines by approximately an order of magnitude. Modeling indicated that the gains achieved by UV treatment should increase over time, because UV treatment converts the time dependence of nitrosamine accumulation from a quadratic to...
TGF-β1-mediated hypertrophy involves inhibiting pRB phosphorylation by blocking activation of cyclin E kinase

When renal epithelial cells are exposed to epidermal growth factor-transforming growth factor-β1 (EGF-TGF-β1) the typical EGF-mediated hyperplastic growth response is converted to a hypertrophic gr...
Deaths in triathletes: immersion pulmonary oedema as a possible cause.

Background/aim To address the question as to whether immersion pulmonary oedema (IPO) may be a common cause of death in triathlons, markers of swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPO) susceptibility were sought in triathletes' postmortem examinations. Methods Deaths while training for or during triathlon events in the USA and Canada from October 2008 to November 2015 were identified, and postmortem reports requested. We assessed obvious causes of death; the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); comparison with healthy triathletes. Results We identified 58 deaths during the time period of the review, 42 (72.4%) of which occurred during a swim. Of these, 23 postmortem reports were obtained. Five individuals had significant (≥70%) coronary artery narrowing; one each had coronary stents; retroperitoneal haemorrhage; or aortic dissection. 9 of 20 (45%) with reported heart mass exceeded 95th centile values. LV free wall and septal thickness were reported in 14 and 9 cases, respectively; of these, 6 (42.9%) and 4 (44.4%) cases exceeded normal values. 6 of 15 individuals (40%) without an obvious cause of death had excessive heart mass. The proportion of individuals with LVH exceeded the prevalence in the general triathlete population. Conclusions LVH—a marker of SIPO susceptibility—was present in a greater than the expected proportion of triathletes who died during the swim portion. We propose that IPO may be a significant aetiology of death during the swimming phase in triathletes. The importance of testing for LVH in triathletes as a predictor of adverse outcomes should be explored further.
Reduced-order framework for exponential stabilization of periodic orbits on parameterized hybrid zero dynamics manifolds: Application to bipedal locomotion

Abstract This paper shows how controlled-invariant manifolds in hybrid dynamical systems can be used to reduce the offline computational burden associated with locally exponentially stabilizing periodic orbits. We recently introduced a method to systematically select stabilizing feedback controllers for hybrid periodic orbits from a family of parameterized control laws by solving offline optimization problems. These problems search for controller parameters as well as a set of Lyapunov matrices for the full-order hybrid systems. When the method is applied to mechanical systems with high degrees of freedom (DOF), the number of entries in the Lyapunov matrices may render the numerical optimization problems prohibitively slow. To address this challenge, the paper considers a family of attractive and parameterized hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) manifolds in the state space. It then investigates the properties of the associated Poincare map to translate the full-order optimization framework to a reduced-order one on the parameterized HZD manifolds with lower-dimensional Lyapunov matrices. In addition, the paper provides a systematic approach to numerically compute the Jacobian linearization of the parameterized Poincare map on the HZD manifolds. The power of the proposed framework is demonstrated by designing a set of stabilizing input–output linearizing controllers for walking gaits of an underactuated 3 D bipedal robot with 13 DOFs and 6 actuators. It is shown that the number of decision variables in the reduced-order optimization problem can be reduced by 70 % compared to the full-order one.
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW—THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION PROGRAM: HOW MILITARY ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS CONSERVED THIRTY MILLION ACRES FOR MILITARY USE AND THE PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES

This Symposium Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Review & Student Publications at Digital Commons @ Western New England University School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western New England Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Western New England University School of Law. For more information, please contact pnewcombe@law.wne.edu. Recommended Citation
La Guerre du Rif: Maroc (1925–1926)

The Riffian region of northern Morocco has long been a centre of insurgency and rebellion, whether against the makhzan in its attempt to incorporate the highly independent-minded Berber people of t...
Understanding Charge Collection Mechanisms in InGaAs FinFETs Using High-Speed Pulsed-Laser Transient Testing With Tunable Wavelength

A tunable wavelength laser system and high-resolution transient capture system are introduced to characterize transients in high-mobility MOSFETs. The experimental configuration enables resolution of fast transient signals and new understanding of charge collection mechanisms. The channel layer is critical in the charge collection process for the InGaAs FinFETs examined here. The transient current mainly comes from the channel current, due to shunt effects and parasitic bipolar effects, instead of the junction collection. The charge amplification factor is found to be as high as 14, which makes this technology relatively sensitive to transient radiation. The peak current is inversely proportional to the device gate length. Simulations show that the parasitic bipolar effect is due to source-to-channel barrier lowering caused by hole accumulation in the source and channel. Charge deposited in the channel causes prompt current, while charge deposited below the channel causes delayed and slow current.
A net with serial access and the reduction of total work for identical service

This paper looks at the open net in conditions of identical service. The strong reduction of total work and time of expectation on the inlying nodes of net is marked. By using the transform of Legendre, the previous results are generalized on net with the relatively general structure.
The Potential Role of BMAA in Neurodegeneration

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health issue throughout the world with devastating effects on patients and families. Sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are generally thought to develop as a consequence of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. A number of environmental triggers have been identified in association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. We discuss the role of β-methylamino-L-alanine in the development of neurodegeneration and the potential importance of this neurotoxin as a risk for neurodegeneration.
High-Containment Pathogen Preparation in the Intensive Care Unit

The recent Ebola virus disease outbreak highlighted the need to build national and worldwide capacity to provide care for patients with highly infectious diseases. Specialized biocontainment units were successful in treating several critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease both in the United States and Europe. Several key principles underlie the care of critically ill patients in a high-containment environment. Environmental factors, staffing, equipment, training, laboratory testing, procedures, and waste management each present unique challenges. A multidisciplinary approach is key to developing effective systems and protocols to maintain the safety of patients, staff, and communities.
Somatic hybridization of high yield, cold-hardy and disease resistant parents for citrus rootstock improvement.

SummaryIncreasing losses of trees to diseases, expansion of plantings into more marginal production areas and the need to control tree size to reduce harvesting costs have elevated the demand for new improved citrus rootstocks in Florida. A major strategy of the CREC rootstock improvement programme has been to use protoplast fusion to produce allotetraploid somatic hybrids that combine complementary rootstock germplasm. Tetraploid citrus rootstocks have been shown to have a built-in tree size control component due to polyploidy. This report focuses on the incorporation of newly identified superior rootstock germplasm into the somatic hybridization programme. Poncirus trifoliata 50–7, a selection of trifoliate orange selected for superior resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae, was hybridized with sour orange, Changsha mandarin, Navel orange, and a seedy white ‘Duncan’ type grapefruit. High-yielding Benton citrange (Citrus sinensis 3 Poncirus trifoliata) was hybridized with Changsha mandarin and sour orange...
Design of a micro-AUV for autonomy development and multi-vehicle systems

This paper presents the Bluefin SandShark micro Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), a low-logistics platform designed to encourage broader use of AUVs and reduce the timeline for new technology development. The AUV architecture includes a standardized tail section containing the necessary hardware and software for basic functionality, while reserving over half of its available volume for a user-defined payload in the forward section. Payload development is encouraged via open interfaces and a software architecture designed for the developer. The micro-AUV is also suited to multi-vehicle missions, and use-cases requiring a low-cost or expendable AUV.
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare familial cancer-predisposing syndrome, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. LFS patients often present with multiple primary tumors and an early age of onset. The lifetime risk of cancer is estimated to be 73 % for males and nearly 100 % for females. Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, TP53, are associated with LFS and can be detected in more than 60 % of classic LFS families. Clinical genetic testing for TP53 is available for individuals with a suspected or known clinical diagnosis of LFS or a molecular diagnosis based on a history of an identified TP53 mutation in a family member. Although preventive and surveillance options for LFS are currently limited, presymptomatic genetic testing can provide early diagnosis of individuals at risk of cancer, closer surveillance, earlier detection, and treatment for cancers and an increased likelihood of improved outcomes.
A Hypergeometric Hierarchy for the Andrews Evaluations

Several 6F5(1) evaluations are given which generalize Andrews' 5F4(1) evaluations. All such evaluations are shown to be equivalent to transformations for a 4F3(z). The methodology allows for higher evaluations, for example an 8F7(1) is given which specializes to over one hundred 5F4(1) results, including all of Andrews'.
A Hybrid Emulation Environment for Airborne Wireless Networks

Airborne networks are among some of the most challenging communication environments for protocol design and validation. Three dimensional and highly dynamic in nature, airborne network links are generally difficult to simulate accurately and often expensive to recreate in field experiments. The physical characteristics of the data links in these kinds of networks are not only influenced by the usual environmental factors and interferences, but also by the frequent changes in the relative angles and positions between antennas, shadowing effects of the airframe, non-uniform ground effects and other factors. In this work we summarize our research for the development of mLab, a hybrid emulation environment for airborne networks that combines theoretical path loss models with statistical data-driven models to create a low-cost, high fidelity, specialized emulation environment for the development, evaluation, and validation of protocols and algorithms for airborne wireless networks.
Effects of Fluids on Mechanical Properties and Performance

It was already noted that fluids introduce residual stresses into polymeric composites and affect mechanical fields by enhancing the creep and relaxation processes. In addition, it was remarked that fluids may degrade polymers and fiber–matrix interfaces by hydrolysis and chemical attack, induce osmotic pressure within interphase regions that contribute to the weakening of fiber–matrix bond, and chemically decompose the fibers themselves, especially glass fiber. Thus, while most fluid-induced degradations are affected through the polymeric phase of the composite, as well as the interface/interphase domains, some degradation may be due to fluid effects on glass fibers. While the outcome of the former is revealed through the lowering of shear-driven properties, that of the latter is detected by reduction in tensile resistance. Tensile properties may be completely or partially irreversible (Ishak et al. 2000). Reductions of 30–50% in interfacial strength were reported for some graphite/epoxy systems (Kaelble et al. 1975).
What's in a Cause?: The Pragmatic Dimensions of Genetic Explanations

The paper argues for a pragmatic account of genetic explanation. This is to say that when a disease or other trait is termed ‘genetic,’ the reasons for singling out genes as causes over other, also necessary, genetic and nongenetic conditions are not wholly theoretical but include pragmatic dimensions. Whether the explanation is the presence of a trait in an individual or differences in a trait among individuals, genetic explanations are context-dependent in three ways: they are relative to a causal background of genetic and nongenetic factors; they are relative to a population; and they are relative to the present state of knowledge. Criteria like causal priority, nonstandardness, and causal efficacy that purport to distinguish objectively between genetic causes and nongenetic conditions either incorporate pragmatic elements or fail for other reasons. When the pragmatic dimensions of genetic explanations are recognized, we come to understand the current phenomenon of “geneticization” to be a reflection of increased technological capacities to manipulate genes in the laboratory, and potentially the clinic, rather than theoretical progress in understanding how diseases and other traits arise. This calls into question the value of the search for theoretical definitions of designations like ‘genetic disease’ or ‘genetic susceptibility’ as directives for action.
Oxytocin facilitates adaptive fear and attenuates anxiety responses in animal models and human studies - potential interaction with the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)

Despite its relatively well-understood role as a reproductive and pro-social peptide, oxytocin (OT) tells a more convoluted story in terms of its modulation of fear and anxiety. This nuanced story has been obscured by a great deal of research into the therapeutic applications of exogenous OT, driving more than 400 ongoing clinical trials. Drawing from animal models and human studies, we review the complex evidence concerning OT's role in fear learning and anxiety, clarifying the existing confusion about modulation of fear versus anxiety. We discuss animal models and human studies demonstrating the prevailing role of OT in strengthening fear memory to a discrete signal or cue, which allows accurate and rapid threat detection that facilitates survival. We also review ostensibly contrasting behavioral studies that nonetheless provide compelling evidence of OT attenuating sustained contextual fear and anxiety-like behavior, arguing that these OT effects on the modulation of fear vs. anxiety are not mutually exclusive. To disambiguate how endogenous OT modulates fear and anxiety, an understudied area compared to exogenous OT, we survey behavioral studies utilizing OT receptor (OTR) antagonists. Based on emerging evidence about the role of OTR in rat dorsolateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) and elsewhere, we postulate that OT plays a critical role in facilitating accurate discrimination between stimuli representing threat and safety. Supported by human studies, we demonstrate that OT uniquely facilitates adaptive fear but reduces maladaptive anxiety. Last, we explore the limited literature on endogenous OT and its interaction with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) with a special emphasis on the dorsolateral BNST, which may hold the key to the neurobiology of phasic fear and sustained anxiety.
GeTe Phase Change Research at the US Army Research Laboratory

Current status of the GeTe phase change research at ARL is presented. The work covers determination of the power handling limits, both in ON and OFF condition, for state-of-the-art PCS technology. Maximum ON-state power handling, after 50 conditioning cycles, of 33dBm is reported. Experimental evidence of 75% reduction in the minimum energy to crystallize is presented. The effects of the applied external electric field are discussed. Also, initial results are shown for theoretical model of GeTe crystalization.
Addition of Serine Enhances Protein Analysis by DESI-MS

Previous studies have suggested that the loss in sensitivity of DESI-MS for large molecules such as proteins is due to the poor dissolution during the short time scale of desorption and ionization. An investigation into the effect of serine as a solvent additive leads to the interesting observation that there is a concentration-dependent improvement in protein signal intensity when micromolar to low millimolar concentrations of serine is combined with a suitable co-additive in DESI spray. This effect, however, was not observed during similar ESI-MS experiments, where the same solvents and proteins were sprayed directly into the MS inlet. This suggests that the mechanism of signal improvement in DESI is associated with the desorption step of proteins, possibly by facilitating dissolution or improving solubility of proteins on the surface in the solvent micro-layer formed during DESI. Other than poor dissolution, cation adduction such as by sodium ions is also a major contributing factor to the mass-dependent loss in sensitivity in both ESI and DESI, leading to an increase in limits of detection for larger proteins. The adduction becomes a more pressing issue in native-state studies of proteins, as lower charge states are more susceptible to adduction. Previous studies have shown that addition of amino acids to the working spray solution during ESI-MS reduces sodium adduction and can help in stabilization of native-state proteins. Similar to the observed reduction in sodium adducts during native-state ESI-MS, when serine is added to the desorbing spray in DESI-MS, the removal of up to 10 mM NaCl is shown. A selection of proteins with high and low pI and molecular weights was analyzed to investigate the effects of serine on signal intensity by improvements in protein solubility and adduct removal.
The strong tree property and the failure of SCH

Fontanella (J Symb Logic 79(1):193–207, 2014) showed that if $$\langle \kappa _n:n<\omega \rangle $$ is an increasing sequence of supercompacts and $$\nu =\sup _n\kappa _n$$ , then the strong tree property holds at $$\nu ^+$$ . Building on a proof by Neeman (J Math Log 9:139–157, 2010), we show that the strong tree property at $$\kappa ^+$$ is consistent with $$\lnot SCH_\kappa $$ , where $$\kappa $$ is singular strong limit of countable cofinality.
An analysis of MATLAB's software performance interfaced with high-level C language for expediting numerical integration technique

In this work custom functions are embedded in the MATLAB environment and performance is analyzed with respect to time and space. These functions fall into two categories: 1) those developed using MATLAB's scripting language; and 2) those implemented in C and compiled into functions executable in MATLAB. This work focuses exclusively on expediting three of the most common numerical integration techniques (the Trapezoidal Rule, Midpoint Rule, and Simpson's Method) as an initial step with hopes of gaining insight into the feasibility of implementing such an approach on ordinary differential equation (ODE) solvers.
BROWN TUMORS SECONDARY TO PARATHYROID CARCINOMA MASQUERADING AS SKELETAL METASTASES ON 18F-FDG PET/CT -A CASE REPORT

ABSTRACT Objective Brown tumors develop as skeletal manifestations of hyperparathyroidism. Increased osteoclast activity leads to accumulation of highly active giant cells and to excess cortical bone resorption, producing fibrous cysts. Though most often reported in patients with parathyroid adenomas, brown tumors secondary to parathyroid carcinoma create a clinical dilemma. Increased signal uptake on 2-deoxy-2-(fluorine-18)fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) seen within brown tumors may be indistinguishable from bone metastases. We report a case of parathyroid carcinoma in a 38-year-old man presenting with osteolytic bone lesions on 18F-FDG PET/CT that were diagnosed as brown tumors by biopsy. Methods We describe the patient history, presentation, diagnostic studies, and treatment. Results We report a case of a 38-year-old man diagnosed with parathyroid carcinoma with associated hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone levels who had undergone 3 surgical resections for local recurrences and had persistent hypercalcemia. He was found to have multiple osteolytic lesions throughout his skeleton on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging 2 months after diagnosis. Biopsy of a right scapula lesion confirmed a brown tumor. Conclusion The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in management of parathyroid carcinoma has not been systematically evaluated. Skeletal manifestations of parathyroid carcinoma may be present in this imaging modality. Clinicians should consider the possibility of brown tumors in patients with parathyroid carcinoma who undergo 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
Insomnia and Caffeine

This chapter describes a male pharmacist who self-treated his tendency to severe sleepiness with very high doses of caffeine in the form of brewed coffee. This resulted in his presentation to clinicians with the complaint, not of hypersomnia, but with insomnia and sleep deprivation. His clinical presentation and sleep studies are reviewed in detail. The pharmacology of caffeine is briefly reviewed, including the use of caffeine as the most common psychoactive substance in the world today, and specifically, the effects of caffeine on sleep morphology, duration, and quality. The quality of sleep is altered by caffeine with effects dependent on the timing of consumption, the amount consumed, and individual differences in sensitivity; thus assessment of consumption is necessary in any patient presenting with insomnia. Large doses of caffeine produce a vicious cycle of nocturnal sleep deprivation producing more excessive daytime sleepiness and even greater caffeine consumption.
Comparative analysis of mechanical and bioprosthetic valves after aortic valve replacement.

Selection of a mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve should be based on the results of comparative long-term performance characteristics of both types of valves. In order to discern the risk-benefit ratio of mechanical and bioprosthetic valves, the follow-up of 419 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement between 1976 and 1981 was reviewed to determine late valve-related complications. Aortic valve replacement was performed with BJORK-SHILEY® (266) or bioprosthetic (porcine 126 and pericardial 27) aortic valves. Cumulative patient follow-up was 1705 patient-years; the mean patient follow-up was 4.1 ± 2.7 years. For all but 11 patients, survival data was obtained for up to 9 years after operation. At 5 years, survival was 81 ± 4% for all valve recipients. Valve failure in the BJORK-SHILEY group was predominantly due to valve-related mortality and did not result from structural failure. Patients with bioprosthetic valves experienced valve failure due to prosthetic endocarditis and intrinsic valve degeneration. While patients with bioprosthetic valves experienced a lower incidence of valve-related morbidity than mechanical valve recipients (p < 0.03), no difference between valve types could be demonstrated in the incidence of valve-related mortality or valve failure at 5 years. Mortality due to valve failure was higher for mechanical than bioprosthetic valves (p < 0.01).
Social Ambivalence and Disease (SAD): A Theoretical Model Aimed at Understanding the Health Implications of Ambivalent Relationships:

The protective influence of social relationships on health is widely documented; however, not all relationships are positive, and negative aspects of relationships may be detrimental. Much less is known about the relationships characterized by both positivity and negativity (i.e., ambivalence). This article provides a theoretical framework for considering the influence of ambivalent relationships on physical health, including reasons why ambivalence should be considered separately from relationships characterized as primarily positive (supportive) or primarily negative (aversive). We introduce the social ambivalence and disease (SAD) model as a guide to understanding the social psychological antecedents, processes, and consequences of ambivalent relationships. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and features of the SAD model that may serve as a guide to future research on potential health-relevant pathways of ambivalent relationships.
FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE: MARITAL TRANSITIONS AND SEXUAL LIFE IN MIDDLE AND OLDER AGE

Marital transitions have known implications for health and well-being. However, little research has examined the effects of such transitions on adults’ sexual lives. This study uses longitudinal data from the National Study of Midlife Development in the United States (1995–2014) to compare different marital status and transition groups’ sexual activity, satisfaction, control, and effort throughout mid-and-later life. Across all outcomes, effects of marital status/transitions were contingent upon baseline values of the outcome. Consistently married adults reported more frequent sexual activity, greater sexual satisfaction, and greater effort put into sexual life than other groups when baseline values of those outcomes were average or above-average; such group differences were reduced or reversed at below-average baseline values. Among the not-married, women reported significantly less sexual activity than men. The consistently divorced/separated, consistently widowed, newly divorced/separated, and newly widowed all reported greater control over sexual life at follow-up than the consistently married, when baseline sexual control was average and/or below-average. Lastly, women reported lesser effort put into sexual life at follow-up than men across all groups, accounting for baseline effort; these gender gaps were least pronounced among the consistently and newly married, and most pronounced among the newly widowed and newly divorced/separated. Overall, findings indicate that implications of marital transitions for midlife and older adults’ sexual lives depend upon both gender and pre-transition context. Marriage is not always beneficial for sexual life; rather, poor quality sexual lives during marriage can reduce opportunities for improvement that may arise with marital transitions, including divorce and widowhood.
Bariatric Surgery in Prior Solid Organ Transplantation Patients: Is Race a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes?

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly performed in patients with previous solid organ transplantation (PSOT). In addition, controversy remains about whether racial disparity in outcomes following MBS exists. Therefore, the aim of this analysis was to determine if race independently predicts outcomes in MBS patients with PSOT. Patients with PSOT undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were identified in the 2017 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality and Improvement Project (MBSAQIP) database. Patients were stratified by race (Black and White). Propensity score matching was utilized to adjust for multiple demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for overall and bariatric-related morbidity. Of 335 MBS patients with PSOT, 250 (75%) were white and 85 (25%) were black patents. Procedure-type and surgical approach (p > 0.1) were similarly distributed. Black patients were more likely (p 0.5). In the matched analysis, black patients had higher overall (17% vs. 10%, p = 0.12) and bariatric-related morbidity (14% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.05). In addition, black patients had significantly (p < 0.05) higher rates of postoperative pneumonias, progressive renal insufficiency, and emergency department visits. On multivariable regression analysis, black race did not independently predict overall or bariatric-related morbidity. MBS in racial cohorts with PSOT is safe, with very low rates of overall morbidity and mortality. Black race trended toward increased postoperative morbidity. Larger cohort studies are needed to validate our findings.
#DavidsonTrue: Transitioning to Remote Teaching while Maintaining Our Values as a Liberal Arts College during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in March led Davidson College to move from face-to-face classes and laboratories to mostly synchronous Zoom meetings. Prior to COVID-19, the majority of our faculty and students had little experience with remote instruction. With only 5 days to develop a plan, we revisited our individual and department learning goals and worked collectively to help each other redesign and redeploy our courses. In this reflective piece, we provide examples of how each member of our department collaborated with our students to ensure a relatively smooth transition to remote teaching across our entire curriculum while maintaining inclusive excellence. Specific strategies for adapting class meetings, assignments, assessments, additional support, and labs are provided along with select examples. Common themes across the curriculum included increased flexibility, the desire to maintain community, and the need for additional academic, technical, and emotional support. We hope our reflections will be helpful to our chemistry colleagues as we move into the uncertainty of the fall semester.
Protonated Ground-State Singlet meta -Pyridynes React from an Excited Triplet State.

The gaseous 2,6-didehydropyridinium cation and its derivatives transfer a proton to reagents for which the reaction for their singlet ground states is too endothermic to be observed. These reaction...
Bedroom environment and sleep health

Abstract The bedroom environment has varied across time and cultures. Cumulating research suggests that the ideal bedroom environment is dark, quiet, and cool. The present chapter examines the bedroom environment through the lenses of four of our senses: vision, touch, hearing, and smell. We begin with a discussion of the historical evolution of the bedroom environment. Then, the role of each of the four senses is examined in terms of promoting healthy sleep. We end with an overview of cultural considerations that can affect the bedroom environment.
Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Chronic and End-Stage Kidney Disease.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at higher risk of aortic stenosis. Data regarding transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in these patients are limited. Herein, we aim to investigate TAVI outcomes in patients with ESKD and CKD. We analyzed clinical data of patients with ESKD and CKD who underwent TAVI from 2008 to 2018 in a large urban healthcare system. Patients' demographics were compared, and significant morbidity and mortality outcomes were noted. Multivariable analyses were used to adjust for potential baseline variables. A total of 643 patients with CKD underwent TAVI with an overall in-hospital mortality of 5.1%, whereas 84 patients with ESKD underwent TAVI with an overall mortality rate of 11.9%. The most frequently observed comorbidities in patients with CKD were heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF), mitral stenosis (MS), pulmonary hypertension, and chronic lung disease. After multivariable analysis, MS (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 11.1, p <0.05) and AF (adjusted OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4 p <0.05) were independently associated with mortality in patients with CKD. The most common comorbidities observed in patients with ESKD undergoing TAVI were heart failure, chronic lung disease, AF, MS, and pulmonary hypertension. An association between MS and increased mortality was observed (adjusted OR 2.01; 95 CI 0.93 to 2.02, p = 0.09) in patients with ESKD, but was not statistically significant. In conclusion, in patients with CKD undergoing TAVI, AF and MS were independently associated with increased mortality.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: A Model System for the Genetic Analysis of Flagellar Structure and Motility

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the characteristics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that make it uniquely useful for genetic analysis of flagellar function and structure. The chapter presents a review of how recent analyses of various flagellar mutants have contributed to the knowledge of the properties and interactions of individual flagellar proteins in the structure and function of the flagellum. The unicellular green alga C. reinhardtii possesses a co mbination of characteristics that makes it a particularly favorable organism for genetic and biochemical studies. It is a haploid cell, which can be grown vegetatively to high densities on defined media, either in liquid cultures or as lawns on agar plates. Its mitotic division can be synchronized by use of alternating light and dark periods, and it has a wide temperature growth range of 15–34°C. C. reinhardtii has a defined nuclear genetic system for which 18 linkage groups have been identified. The cells undergo a classical meiosis, and methods for the production and isolation of meiotic products in unordered tetrads are well established. In Chlamydomonas, a single pair of motile flagella approximately 10 μm in length is found at the anterior pole of the cell. The flagella in Chlamydomonas have a typical eukaryotic structure. In addition to this transient reversal of swimming direction, Chlamydomonas cells also display other behavioral responses thatare mediated by changes in flagellar activity. Chlamydomonas cells exhibit both positive and negative phototaxis. In Chlamydomonas the kinetics of flagellar regeneration have been well characterized. The chapter describes how the use of classical genetic methods combined with structural and biochemical analysis of Chlamydomonas flagellar mutants has contributed to dissecting the enormous complexity of the flagellar axoneme.
Memory for Text

Publisher Summary The experimental study of memory is now about 100 years old, and a great deal has been learned from it. Text memory is so superior to performance in the usual laboratory list-learning paradigms that it is easy to doubt the relevance of the latter. As Jenkins asked in 1974: “Do you remember that the old theory of memory? Well, forget it!.” Nevertheless, it is believed that old theory holds the key to understanding text memory, and that if it is required to explain the phenomena of text memory; the concepts and models of the traditional memory literature are needed, for all their limitations. Episodic text memory is best understood within the framework of current memory theory. To make this argument, this chapter presents the synopsis of current memory theory. The chapter discusses the ways in which episodic text memory is related to list learning results, and finally describes the memorial implications of a model of text comprehension.
Fetal maturation and amniotic fluid.

Abstract Amniotic fluid creatinine, bilirubin, and cells as well as serum creatinine have been measured in an attempt to corroborate reported investigations which correlate these values with fetal maturation. An amniotic fluid creatinine value of 2 mg. per 100 ml. or more usually indicates a gestational age of at least 37 weeks. Absence of a bilirubin peak at 450 mμ, the presence of 20 per cent of cells which stain orange with Nile blue sulfate dye, or the presence of a ratio between amnotic fluid creatinine and serum creatinine of 3 or more usually indicates a gestational age of 36 weeks or more. Because a high percentage of these tests are negative beyond 36 to 37 weeks, no single value or combination of values provides absolute evidence of fetal maturation.
Professional Wrongdoing: Reconciliation and Recovery

The management of professional errors, a high priority in health care in the last decade, is directed at prevention and regulation, perhaps to the exclusion of helping professionals reconcile mistakes at the personal level. The main purpose of this article is to conceptualize professional wrongdoing more broadly and to explore the process of ethical reconciliation that should occur in the aftermath of errors. Nurses who err are responsible for disclosing their error, reconciling with the patient and others who were harmed, and making amends when possible. A second reconciliation occurs within as the nurse recovers and regains a positive sense of self. Regulatory bodies now offer alternatives to traditional disciplinary approaches, but nurses who make mistakes not warranting discipline may lack the resources for personal reconciliation and recovery.
Body Composition Tools for Assessment of Adult Malnutrition at the Bedside

Because of the key role played by the body's lean tissue reserves (of which skeletal muscle is a major component) in the response to injury and illness, its maintenance is of central importance to nutrition status. With the recent development of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition diagnostic framework for malnutrition, the loss of muscle mass has been recognized as one of the defining criteria. Objective methods to evaluate muscle loss in individuals with acute and chronic illness are needed. Bioimpedance and ultrasound techniques are currently the best options for the clinical setting; however, additional research is needed to investigate how best to optimize measurements and minimize error and to establish if these techniques (and which specific approaches) can uniquely contribute to the assessment of malnutrition, beyond more subjective evaluation methods. In this tutorial, key concepts and statistical methods used in the validation of bedside methods to assess lean tissue compartments are discussed. Body composition assessment methods that are most widely available for practice and research in the clinical setting are presented, and clinical cases are used to illustrate how the clinician might use bioimpedance and/or ultrasound as a tool to assess nutrition status at the bedside. Future research needs regarding malnutrition assessment are identified.
Online Shopper Reviews: Ramifications for Promotion and Website Utility

Today's consumers are empowered with online shopper reviews which are mostly written and posted by buyers, customers, users, or visitors at a website. Shopper reviews will become more popular and ubiquitous in e-tailing in the near future. However, the marketing literature is still limited when it comes to knowledge of how shoppers perceive and use online reviews in their purchase decisions. Hence, this study explored shoppers’ predispositions toward positive or negative reviews and examined the impact of consumers’ attitudes and usage patterns on their perceived helpfulness and credibility of online shopper/peer reviews. One interesting finding from our study of 342 online shoppers was that consumers who would pay greater attention to positive reviews gave reviews more credible and usefulness ratings than their counterparts who would focus on the negative reviews.
Kinetics of non‐photosynthetic callus production from the brown alga Laminaria setchellii (Laminariales)

SUMMARY White, filamentous, callus-like tissue was produced from the temperate marine brown alga Laminaria setchellii Silva under non-photosynthetic conditions. Explant disks from the medullary core of the stipe section were plated on solid medium (1.5 wt% agar in seawater base, pH 8) at 8 ± 2°C in the dark, and the formation of callus-like tissue was followed as a function of time up to 8 weeks. Although 30% of the total explants plated formed filamentous, callus-like growths, only 3 to 6% of the total explants produced relatively large amounts of filamentous and rounded callus-like cells. The fresh weight yield of this callus-like tissue was 3.74 ± 0.93 mg per 10 mm explant disk (0.053 g callus per g explant). Attempts at establishing a growing, cell suspension of the dispersed callus tissue in PES liquid medium at 24 μmol photon m−2 s−1 were not successful.
Canopy photosynthesis and evapotranspiration of rangeland plants under doubled carbon dioxide in closed-top chambers☆

Abstract It is important to know how the increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) will affect growth of agricultural plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of elevated CO2 on canopy photosynthetic rate of prairie (rangeland) plants growing under natural field conditions. The dominant plants were warm-season grasses with the C4 type of photosynthesis. Sixteen closed-top, cylindrical, plastic chambers (1.5 m in diameter; 1.8 m tall) were placed on the prairie to maintain two levels of CO2 (ambient and twice ambient) over a full growing season in 1990. The soil (silty clay loam) was kept at a high water (field capacity) or a low water level (no water added). Carbon dioxide concentration, air temperature, net radiation, canopy photosynthetic rate, and canopy evapotranspiration rate were measured in the 16 chambers on 49 sunny days during the season. The target value for high-CO2 chambers was 720 cm3 CO2 m−3; the measured mean concentrations varied from 710.8 to 720.1 cm3 CO2 m−3. For chambers with ambient CO2, the chamber-to-chamber variation was minor, with mean values ranging from 350.8 to 356.0 cm3 CO2 m−3. Daytime air temperatures at 100 cm aboveground in the chambered plots averaged 2.7°C warmer than outside. Early in the season, net radiation was usually similar among chambers with the different CO2 and water treatments, but late in the season, differences occurred among chambers, possibly because of the amount of tall grasses that shaded the radiometers. Under the high-water treatment, canopy photosynthesis of plants grown with doubled and ambient CO2 averaged 41.8 μmol m−2 s−1 and 44.5 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively. These results are consistent with previous findings, which showed that the photosynthetic rate of C4 plants on rangeland was not augmented when the CO2 concentration was increased. Under the low-water treatment, photosynthesis of plants grown with doubled CO2 was slightly more (36.9 μmol m−2 s−1) than that of plants grown with ambient CO2 (31.7 μmol m−2 s−1). This observation is in agreement with other results, which have shown that high CO2 alleviates water-stress effects on plants. Elevated CO2 reduced canopy evapotranspiration rate by 18 and 8%, under the high- and low-water levels, respectively. The results suggested that, as the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increases, water lost from rangelands will be reduced.
Simultaneous hardening and softening in a nonisoaxial β brass bicrystal

Nonisoaxial beta brass bicrystals, consisting of a hard (H) orientation, close to , and a soft (S) orientation near the center of the stereographic triangle, were compressed in both continuous and interrupted tests, which permitted slip line observations to be made, in order to ascertain why in previous work5 a similarH-S combination had shown much greater hardening in theH component. Stress-strain behavior of each component was determined by methods developed earlier.5 TheH component initially hardened rapidly with strain, and at 0.5 pct strain, hardened more slowly. TheS component revealed lower strength and strain hardening than the unbonded single crystal up to 1.5 pct plastic strain, after which hardening was much more rapid. From slip line observations considerations of the effect of secondary stresses, and examination of slip systems providing least work at the grain boundary, it appears that the reduced flow strength of theS component is due to pile-up stresses from theH component. Changes in strain hardening rate in bothH andS components were related to the onset or cessation of heavy slip associated with serrated yielding.
Performance evaluation of an agent server capable of hosting large numbers of agents

Recently Web sites have been providing users with services in accordance with their preference data. In addition to such configuration services, notification services, which process jobs in response to events which occurred at a server in the users' absence, and asynchronous services, which perform jobs after users submit requests, are also available. An agent server architecture which manages users' agents on the server side is proposed for developing systems which provide such services. Such agent servers must be able to sustain high performance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the agent server approach can achieve higher performance than an existing approach which uses DBMS. Also, we describe the performance characteristics of the agent server.
Modern design and safety analysis of the University of Florida Training Reactor

Abstract A comprehensive series of neutronics and thermal hydraulics analyses were conducted to demonstrate the University of Florida Training Reactor (UFTR), an ARGONAUT type research reactor, as a negligible risk reactor that does not require safety-related systems or components to prevent breach of a safety limit. These analyses show that there is no credible UFTR accident that would result in major fuel damage or risk to public health and safety. The analysis was based on two limiting scenarios, whose extremity bound all other accidents of consequence: (1) the large step insertion of positive reactivity and (2) the release of fission products due to mechanical damage to a spent fuel plate. The maximum step insertion of positive reactivity was modeled using PARET/ANL software and shows a maximum peak fuel temperature of 283.2 °C, which is significantly below the failure limit of 530 °C. The exposure to the staff and general public was calculated for the worst-case fission product release scenario using the ORIGEN-S and COMPLY codes and was shown to be 6.5% of the annual limit. Impacts on reactor operations and an Instrumentation & Control System (I&C) upgrade are discussed.