cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A findings model for an ambulatory pediatric record: essential data, relational modeling, and vocabulary considerations.

Abstract Effective, computer-based representation of clinical observations requires balancing the advantages of structured, coded descriptions against those of free text narrative. An essential data set of relevant signs and symptoms was defined by a multidisciplinary group based on management goals published in a national guideline to meet the needs of clinicians in the Spina Bifida Clinic at Yale-New Haven Hospital. These core data elements are stored in a structured format. Additional material is stored as free text. A relational schema was devised that permits storage of both coded findings and narrative. Symptoms and signs are represented as subtypes of a supertype patient finding entity; they inherit common attributes and specialize others. The IVORY vocabulary was supplemented and modified to provide terms that describe relevant clinical observations. For this application, fields were added that enable predictive data entry of findings based on patient age and gender.
Distinguishing Between Grandiose Narcissism, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder

This chapter draws upon the empirical literature to delineate the distinguishing characteristics of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). We find that these constructs can be well described using models of general personality such as the five-factor model (FFM) and, in particular, three primary traits including (low) agreeableness (or antagonism, entitlement, and self-involvement), agentic extraversion (or boldness, behavioral approach orientation), and neuroticism (or reactivity, behavioral avoidance orientation). Our review led to three primary conclusions. First, the FFM trait correlates of NPD and grandiose narcissism overlap quite substantially. Second, the two differ to some degree with regard to the role of extraversion, with stronger relations found for grandiose narcissism than NPD. Third, extant data suggest that vulnerable narcissism represents a construct that is largely divergent from NPD and grandiose narcissism, composed of the tendency to experience a wide array of negative emotions such as depression, self-consciousness, stress, anxiety, and urgency. Nevertheless, vulnerable narcissism shares a common core of interpersonal antagonism, though the traits associated with grandiose and vulnerable narcissism are not identical. Finally, our chapter concludes with recommendations for aligning the alternative model of personality disorders (PDs) in Section III of DSM-5 with the substantial and long-standing empirical research literature that documents the improved validity of dimensional, trait-based models of PDs.
Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is caused by the introduction of immunologically competent donor cells into a recipient whose tissues display antigens that the donor cells view as foreign; causing the donor cells to attack the host.
Pork, parties, and priorities : partisan politics and overseas military deployments

Since the end of World War II, the USA has maintained a sizable military presence around the world. As one of the main mechanisms that the USA uses to exercise its military power abroad, it is a de...
Interest development and learning in choice-based, in-school, making activities: The case of a 3D printer

Abstract Integrated STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and math) making activities have become increasingly popular in recent years. Many tout their benefits for STEAM interest development. However, we know relatively little about how these activities cultivate STEAM interests or about the relation between interest development and learning. This paper examines these issues in the context of one set of in-school, choice-based, STEAM making and learning environments, FUSE Studios. Drawing on sociocultural approaches to interest development, we present the case of one student's interest pathway through FUSE. By the end of the schoolyear, this student had developed an interest in and was recognized as a relative expert at 3D printing. She also connected this interest in 3D printing to a career aspiration to “help cancer kids and become a doctor for them”. Drawing on ethnographic observations and microanalysis of video-recordings, we trace her year-long interest pathway through FUSE to understand how her interests, in interaction with the socio-material context of FUSE, shaped her learning. We argue that the choice-based nature of FUSE allowed her to pursue her interests, organize her own learning, and consequently, cultivate STEAM interests and learning.
Science identity development: an interactionist approach

In this introduction for this Special Issue we discuss the need for the investigation of science identity with an emphasis on the environment. As such, we propose taking an interactionist approach; one that examines the person in interaction within their environment (Adams & Marshall, 1996). The Special Issue highlights the role of psychology constructs, such as interest and belonging that are deeply relevant and ultimately inform students’ science identity development. The Special Issue includes six articles: this introduction, four empirical papers investigating the psychological experiences of students in various science spaces with a focus on the interactions between the individual and the context, and a commentary. Each contribution emphasized how the context either afforded or did not afford that sense of belonging to develop in students. The collection of articles were inspired by a symposium on the topic of STEM identity development that was presented at the 2017 annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) in San Antonio, TX.
The Impact of Early Clinical and Subclinical T Cell-mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation.

Background.We investigated the effect of clinical and subclinical T cell–mediated rejection (C-TCMR and SC-TCMR) on allograft histology, function, and progression.Methods.Adult kidney recipients with 2 protocol biopsies were divided into No-TCMR on biopsies (n = 104), SC-TCMR (n = 56), and C-TCMR (n
Impact of TBI, PTSD, and hearing loss on tinnitus progression in a US Marine cohort

Introduction Mild TBI (TBI) is associated with up to a 75.7% incidence of tinnitus, and 33.0% of tinnitus patients at the US Veterans Administration carry a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Yet factors contributing to new onset or exacerbation of tinnitus remain unclear. Materials and methods Here we measure intermittent and constant tinnitus at two time points to ascertain whether pre-existing or co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI), hearing loss, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) predicts new onset, lack of recovery and/or worsening of tinnitus in 2,600 United States Marines who were assessed before and after a combat deployment. Results Ordinal regression revealed that constant tinnitus before deployment was likely to continue after deployment (odds ratio [OR] = 28.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.84,83.26). Prior intermittent tinnitus increased risk of post-deployment constant tinnitus (OR = 4.95, CI: 2.97,8.27). Likelihood of tinnitus progression increased with partial PTSD (OR = 2.39, CI: 1.50,3.80) and TBI (OR = 1.59, CI: 1.13,2.23), particularly for blast TBI (OR = 2.01, CI: 1.27,3.12) and moderate to severe TBI (OR = 2.57, CI: 1.46,4.51). Tinnitus progression also increased with low frequency hearing loss (OR = 1.94, CI: 1.05,3.59), high frequency loss (OR = 3.01, CI: 1.91,4.76) and loss across both low and high frequency ranges (OR = 5.73, CI: 2.67,12.30). Conclusions Screening for pre-existing or individual symptoms of PTSD, TBI, and hearing loss may allow for more focused treatment programs of comorbid disorders. Identification of those personnel vulnerable to tinnitus or its progression may direct increased acoustic protection for those at risk.
Biased neutrality: the symbolic construction of the Syrian refugee in the New York Times

ABSTRACTAlthough the Syrian refugee crisis has received global media attention, studies exploring the representation of Syrian refugees in American media have been lacking. Using both content and c...
Using shame resilience to decrease depressive symptoms in an adult intensive outpatient population.

PURPOSE The author explores the results of a 12-session therapy to address shame resilience as a mediator of empathy in the treatment of depression. DESIGN AND METHODS Two instruments (the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Test of Self-Conscious Awareness 3S) were used as pre-, mid-, and posttest measures given to a group (n = 20) in an intensive outpatient program receiving an intervention to increase shame resilience. FINDINGS A statistical decline in depressive symptoms at both mid- and posttest was noted. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Adding shame resilience therapy to traditional psychotherapy may be useful to improve patient adherence and alliance but further evidence is needed.
Veils and Vigilantes: Burka Avenger and Representations of Muslim Girlhood

In this paper, I use Burka Avenger, the Peabody Award-winning Pakistani cartoon series, and its play on the superhero genre as an entry point to consider anew questions of feminist agency and empowerment. I examine the transformation of the burqa into a superhero costume in Burka Avenger as an attempt to question the limited binary of oppressive-liberatory that is typically applied to Muslim veiling. Secondly, I argue that the abstracted quality of the cartoon images and the significance accorded to the child’s perspective cultivate a formal naivete central to the pedagogical and ethical projects of this self-consciously transcultural text. Since visual narrative genres like the cartoon series are especially conducive to theorizing forms of agency available to children—subjects who are, by definition, unemancipated—I bring my close reading of Burka Avenger into dialogue with critical debates over Muslim girlhood, freedom, and autonomy.
Benefits of foreign language learning and bilingualism: An analysis of published empirical research 2012–2019

The 21st century has seen a strong upward trajectory in empirical research on the multiple benefits that foreign language/world language learning and bilingualism can afford to both individuals and society. This analysis of research published from 2012‐2019 extends Fox et al.'s analysis of research published from 2005 to 2011 (Part I). The 100 empirical studies in Part II, drawn from seven data bases, were conducted in multiple countries. Six overarching themes emerged: cognitive abilities and benefits, aging and health, employability, academic achievement, communicative and intercultural competence, and enhanced creativity. Results report multiple cognitive benefits of language study and bi‐multilingualism, particularly later in life, including enhancement of cognitive flexibility, higher cognitive reserve in advanced age, and delay in the onset of dementia. Other results underscore the importance of early and sustained language learning and support for L1 literacy development. Additional results stress the benefits of foreign/world language skills relating to employability and academic achievement and propose that the accumulation of years of language learning positively impacts the development of cross‐cultural awareness and communicative competence. This research illustrates the importance of establishing cross‐/interdisciplinary research and sharing results with language advocates, policy makers, and legislators.
A combination of Omega-3 PUFAs and COX inhibitors: A novel strategy to manage obesity-linked dyslipidemia and adipose tissue inflammation

Abstract We previously reported that fish oil in combination with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors exerts enhanced hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. Here, we sought to determine the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in combination with naproxen (NX), a COX inhibitor, on dyslipidemia and gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) in humans. Obese dyslipidemic patients were randomly assigned to one of these interventions for 12 wk: 1) Standard nutrition counseling (control), 2) ω-3 PUFAs (2 g twice daily), 3) NX (220 mg twice daily), and 4) ω-3 PUFAs (2 g twice daily) + NX (220 mg twice daily). The serum triglycerides showed a trend towards a reduction and a significant reduction (P
Management of Orthopedic Blast Injuries

Over the past two decades, the complexity and severity of orthopedic blast injuries have increased significantly. This has been the case not only with the combat operations undertaken in Iraq and Afghanistan but also with casualties sustained in terrorist attacks around the globe. Multiple, high-energy extremity injuries are the predominate injury patterns in these scenarios. With greater experience and understanding of these injury patterns, orthopedic management of the blast injury patient has significantly evolved over this time frame. From the initial resuscitation of the patient in the emergency department (ED), to the advent of damage control orthopedics, to the definitive reconstructive care of these patients’ injuries, the evolution in understanding how to properly treat these injuries has led to substantially improved outcomes. As knowledge of how to treat these complex injuries continues to evolve, there has been dramatic improvement in the management of the long-term sequela of these injuries such as infection, heterotopic ossification, chronic pain, PTSD, and functional outcome.
A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time

While the formation of the first black holes at high redshift is reasonably well understood though debated, massive black hole formation at later cosmic epochs has not been adequately explored. We present a gas accretion driven mechanism that can build up black hole masses rapidly in dense, gas-rich nuclear star clusters (NSCs). Wind-fed supra-exponential accretion of an initially wandering black hole in NSCs can lead to extremely fast growth, scaling stellar mass remnant seed black holes up to intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs). Operating throughout cosmic time, growth via this new channel is modulated by the gas supply, and premature termination results in the formation of lower mass black holes with masses in the range of 50 - few 100 solar masses, filling in the so-called mass gap. However, in most gas-rich NSCs, growth is unimpeded, inevitably leading to the formation of IMBHs with masses ranging from 100 - 100,000 solar masses. A spate of new detection spanning the full range of the IMBH mass function - from the LIGO-VIRGO source GW190521 to the emerging population of 10^5 solar mass black holes harbored in low-mass dwarf galaxies - are revealing this elusive population. Naturally accounting for the detected presence of off-center IMBHs in low-mass dwarfs, this new pathway also predicts the existence of an extensive population of wandering non-central black holes in more massive galaxies would be detectable via tidal disruption events and as GW sources. Gas-rich NSCs serve as incubators for the continual formation of black holes over a wide range in mass throughout cosmic time.
Does the system of rice intensification outperform conventional best management?: A synopsis of the empirical record

Abstract Irrespective of its influence on agricultural productivity, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has certainly increased discussion over optimal rice cultivation practices, with many agricultural development practitioners at odds with a good deal of the established rice research community. To date, much of the debate over the putative benefits of SRI has been theoretical or speculative and has not persuaded adherents on either side. In aggregate, sufficient empirical data now exist to put SRI performance in a meaningful context by evaluating the productivity of SRI with respect to conventional best management practices (BMP). For this retrospective analysis, 40 site-years of SRI versus BMP comparisons were assembled into a common database. In addition to data from Madagascar where SRI was first conceived, findings from a broad geographic region were compiled including studies from Nepal, China, Thailand, Laos, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. Aside from one set of experiments in Madagascar where SRI more than doubled rice productivity with respect to BMP, we found no evidence of a systematic or even occasional yield advantage of this magnitude elsewhere. Indeed, none of the 35 other experimental records demonstrated yield increases that exceeded BMP by more than 22%. Excluding the Madagascar examples, the typical SRI outcome was negative, with 24 of 35 site-years demonstrating inferior yields to best management and a mean performance of −11%. With recognition that SRI yields in Madagascar are substantially beneath productivity levels predicted by bioclimatic factors, we find no evidence in the empirical record that SRI fundamentally changes the physiological yield potential of rice. Exceptional yield advantages from SRI – or some component(s) thereof – should not be projected beyond Madagascar.
Derivation and Performance of an MLE Based Path Loss Augmented Correlation Radar Receiver

In this paper, we derive Path loss Augmented Correlation (PAC), a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the target range in a radar system that also incorporates the path loss, as a function of propagation delay. The PAC receiver is tested for Monostatic, Multistatic, and MIMO systems and is compared to traditional correlation receivers that use only the propagation delay to estimate the range. These experiments reveal substantial reduction in range error (24-49%) for a system that has been calibrated to the path loss exponent. The robustness of the PAC receiver to the knowledge of the path loss exponent is also quantified.
Erratum to Evaluating the safety and efficacy of various endovascular approaches for the treatment of infectious intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review. World Neurosurgery. Volume 144, December 2020, Pages 293-298.e15

Objective A review of endovascular cerebral mycotic aneurysm treatment with Onyx liquid embolic, N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), or coil embolization has not been reported. The authors conduct a systematic review on endovascular treatment methods of mycotic aneurysms. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for studies published between 1986 and 2020. All studies assessing outcomes related to endovascular Onyx embolization, NBCA embolization, or coiling were included. Results A total of 74 studies were ultimately selected, including 180 (67% male) patients comprising 243 aneurysms treated endovascularly. The mean age was 38.2 ± 17.6 years, and the most common symptom on presentation was headache (31%). Most aneurysms were located on the middle cerebral artery (52.5%), and over half presented with rupture (53.8%). Coiling was the most commonly employed technique (50.4%), and obliteration rates were comparable across coiling, NBCA, and Onyx (99.1%, 100%, 100%, respectively). Complication rates were also comparable (4.3% vs. 15.2% vs. 8.1%). Conclusion Embolization for infectious intracranial aneurysm appears to be an effective treatment option for mycotic aneurysms. Embolization rates were comparable between coiling, NBCA, and Onyx embolization. Noninferiority among these modalities cannot be demonstrated given the retrospective nature of this review, evolution of endovascular techniques over the years, and changes in treatment paradigms in the last 2 decades. Ideally, further prospective research will be needed to find which treatment method offers the lowest complication rates and the best outcomes for patients with mycotic aneurysms.
Commodity Markets: Machine Learning Techniques

In this chapter, machine learning techniques are introduced to perform historical commodity analysis to derive leading economic macro and micro indicators that would provide a comprehensive market view to small farmers. As part of the chapter, demand and supply framework is introduced. Next, commodity stocks to use ratio indictor are introduced and the impact of stocks to use ratio on the pricing model developed. Time series techniques are introduced to validate trend, seasonality, and stationarity of the time series. Next, the time series feature causation and correlation models and vector autoregression (VAR) are introduced. Finally, the chapter presents two time series-based use cases: predicting gold commodity prices and worldwide study of fertilizer price predict.
Analysis of the margin setting algorithm as a margin-based spherical classification method

Spherical classification uses hypersphere as decision boundary. Margin setting is a new learning algorithm for spherical classification. In this paper, an analysis of margin setting is presented using probabilities of miss classification (MC) and over classification (OC). Experiments were carried out using Monte Carlo method. The result showed that margin setting is a margin-based classifier whose performance tends to improve with an increased margin within a certain range. Besides, the multi-sphere strategy employed by the margin setting algorithm allows it to achieve lower probabilities of MC, OC and non-classification than classifiers using a single sphere as its decision boundary.
From Buddhist Hippies to Buddhist Geeks: The Emergence of Buddhist Postmodernism?

Drawing on discourse analysis and ethnography, this paper will critically examine the effects of generational differences emerging in North American Buddhism through an analysis of the Buddhist Geeks network. Buddhist Geeks is an online Buddhist media company and community that launched in 2007. It consists of a weekly audio podcast and a digital magazine component and since 2011, has hosted an annual conference. I will discuss the main characteristics and concerns of the Buddhist Geeks community and explore how it can be situated both in relationship to traditional Buddhism and Buddhist modernism. In conclusion, I reflect on whether Buddhist Geeks signals the emergence of a new, distinctly postmodern stage in the wider assimilation of Buddhism in America.
Economic damage from herbicide pollution in Chesapeake Bay

This paper examines the interdisciplinary effort required to estimate the economic losses associated with the decline of an ecosystem. The focus of the paper is the estimation of a marginal damage function for the decline of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. This work is discussed both in the narrow terms of its applicability to this specific environmental problem, and in the more general terms of its applicability to broad ranges of environmental problems. The methodology for estimating marginal damage functions is introduced and actual estimations are reported. Suggestions are made as to how the process can be improved in future attempts.
Development and Validation of a Scale of Automation-Induced “Complacency”

In the present studies, a scale was developed for measuring attitudes toward automation technology that reflect a potential for complacency. In the first, developmental study, a 20-item questionnaire consisting of statements concerning various aspects of automation was administered to 139 undergraduates at Catholic University. Factor analysis of the complacency potential rating scale (CPRS) revealed five independent factors, namely: general, confidence- reliance-, trust-, and safety-related complacency. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of the five factors and the scale as a whole were found to be high, and the scales revealed satisfactory test-retest reliabilities. The pattern of correlations among CPRS score, age, gender, computer use, and computer experience were consistent with previous studies examining attitudes toward microcomputer usage (Igbaria and Parasuraman, 1991). In the second, validation study, the 20-item CPRS was cross-validated on a sample of 175 undergraduate students at...
Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies and other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems

v CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 5 CHAPTER 2. CROSS-TAXON CONGRUENCE FOUND BETWEEN PLANTS AND TWO PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT TAXA IN GRASSLANDS OF THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES 8 Abstract 8 Introduction 9 Methods 12 Results and Discussion 15 Conclusion 18 CHAPTER 3: TRACKING THE TEMPORAL TRAJECTORY OF BUTTERFLY AND PLANT COMPOSITION TO RESTORATION MANAGEMENT UTILIZING DOMESTIC CATTLE GRAZING AND FIRE 26 Abstract 26 Introduction 27 Methods 30 Results 34 Discussion 36 Conclusion 41 CHAPTER 4: MANAGEMENT FOCUSED ON INCREASING HABITAT HETEROGENEITY IN GRASSLANDS HAS UNEXPECTED RESULTS FOR BUTTERFLIES 54 Abstract 54 Introduction 55 Methods 59 Results 64
Using native plants as problem-solvers

/ The Federal Highway Administration encourages state highway agencies to use native plants in erosion control, revegetation, and landscaping solutions. This paper explains both policy reasons and technical reasons for the use of native plants. How native species can be used is shown through a roadside case study. Other applications of native plant use will be explained through a plant community approach. KEY WORDS: Native plants; Plant community; Federal Highway Administration; State highway agencies; Native plant definition
xAccess: A unified user-centric access control framework for web applications

With the rapid growth of Web 2.0, users are contributing more and more content on the Internet, in the form of user profiles, blogs, reviews, etc. With this increased sharing comes a pressing need for access control policies and mechanisms to protect the users' privacy. Access control has remained largely centralized and under the control of the web applications. Moreover, most web applications either provide no or very primitive and limited access control. We argue that the owner of any piece of data on the web should be able to decide how to control access to this data. This argument should hold not only for the web applications contributing data, but also for the contributing users. In other words, users should be able to choose their own access control models to control the sharing of their data independent of the underlying applications. In this work, we present a novel framework, called xAccess, for providing access control that empowers users to control how they want their data to be accessed. xAccess is analogous to the single sign-on mechanism, however, instead of providing login capability, it provides the user with a single point for defining his access control models and policies for one or multiple applications. On one hand, xAccess enables individual users to use a single unified access control across multiple web applications; and on the other hand, it allows an application to support different access control models deployed by its users with a single model abstraction. We demonstrate the viability of our design by means of a platform prototype. The usability of the platform is further evaluated by developing sample applications using the xAccess APIs.
Firms and Innovation Diffusion: Examples from Banking

The diffusion of innovations used by firms themselves and those marketed to consumers are considered within a single framework based on the firm. This framework is represented by a general model which balances innovative and aggressive behavior, common to small firms, against the ability to bear the cost and risk of innovation adoption more common to large firms. A similar model for city-size diffusion patterns, based on the fact that large cities are risk-minimizing locations, contrasts with traditional hierarchical models which assume that large cities are usually the sites of first adoption. Examples of two innovations in the American banking industry were analyzed to test the models. The results suggest that traditional strict size-ordered models for firms and urban systems are not always appropriate, especially for innovations by firms.
Proposed knobs-into-holes packing for several membrane proteins.

We investigated the possible side chain/side chain interactions of four potential transmembrane proteins. The basic assumptions are that the proteins are α-helical, and that the proteins aggregate with knobs-into-holes packing. It was found that these four proteins can be assembled into stereochemically feasible bundles of α-helices with hydrophobic exteriors and with hydrogen bonds between the side chains of one α-helix and the side chains of its knobs-into-holes packed neighbors.
Feasibility of common carotid artery point of care ultrasound in cardiac output measurements compared to invasive methods

Background Cardiac output (CO) measurement in the intensive care unit (ICU) requires invasive devices such as the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter or arterial waveform pulse contour analysis (PCA). This study tests the accuracy and feasibility of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) of the common carotid artery to estimate the CO non-invasively and compare it to existing invasive CO measurement modalities.
Pulmonary atresia with aneurysmal systemic-pulmonary arterial anastomosis: An angiographic study

Abstract A description is given of a 5-year-old girl with a pseudotruncus whose pulmonary blood flow is derived from a single large anomalous systemic artery that feeds into the pulmonary artery via an aneurysmatic connection representing an arterioarterial fistula. The clinical findings related to this vascular fistula were a high-pitched continuous murmur located over the right hemithorax and a circumscribed radiologic density in the right hilar area. The probable origin of this fistula from embryonic vascular connections between the bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries is discussed.
A new laser dye with potential for high stability and a broad band of lasing action: Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid-bis-N,N′(2′,6′ xylidyl)diimide

Abstract We have obtained high gain lasing action from a dye in the calss of perylene-tetracarboxylic acid diimides. These dyes have been used in the past as microcrystalline pigments and more recently as molecularly dissolved fluors having both an orange absorption color and orange fluorescence. In dimethylformamide this dye absorbs with a main maximum at 527 nm, well coupled to the exciting radiation from a frequency-doubled YAG exciting laser. The dye lases primarily in the 0′→ 1″ satellite of the fluorescence band from 566–585 nm, with intermittent output pulses to 605 nm. While this dye overlaps the lasing bands of the rhodamine dyes, we believe that it may be considerably more stable than even Rhodamine 6G, the most stable of that class.
Backward Masking in Schizophrenia and Mania: I. Specifying a Mechanism

Background: Backward masking is a neuropsychological procedure that involves the earliest phases of visual processing. Compared with normal controls, the performance of schizophrenic patients is more disrupted by a visual mask. Masking procedures used previously with schizophrenic patients have combined two separate masking mechanisms (interruption and integration), which prevent interpretation of the nature of the abnormality. The current study systematically limited the masking mechanism to interruption to specify the underlying mechanisms. Manic patients were included to examine diagnostic specificity. Methods: Sixty-three schizophrenic inpatients, 31 manic inpatients, and 48 normal controls received three versions of the backward masking procedure. One version used a high-energy mask that combines both integration and interruption mechanisms. Another procedure used a lowenergy mask that works mainly through interruption. A final condition altered the features of the mask so that masking was almost entirely through interruption. Results: Schizophrenic patients showed performance deficits across masking conditions, even in procedures that were largely limited to masking by interruption. The masking performance of the patients did not appear to fit a simple generalized deficit. Manic patients performed significantly worse than normal controls and comparably with the schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: Schizophrenic patients have abnormalities at least with interruptive mechanisms. The results suggest that deficits on masking procedures are not entirely specific to schizophrenia because comparable masking deficits were found in manic inpatients with chronic disease. The current study addresses the neuropsychological mechanisms of the masking deficit. The next step will be to investigate the contributions of two distinct neuroanatomical visual pathways to the masking abnormality in schizophrenia.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava

Background Correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava (SVC) is often complicated by sinus node dysfunction and occasional pacemaker insertion. Methods Between 1964 and 1994 40 patients, ranging from 14 months to 52 years old, underwent an operative approach designed to minimize trauma to the sinus node and its blood supply. The SVC was transected and oversewn above the highest anomalous vein. The anomalous pulmonary veins were redirected across a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (33 patients) or a surgically created atrial septal defect (7 patients) into the left atrium. The atrial septal defect rim was coapted to the intracardiac SVC orifice in 23 patients. An intracardiac baffle was used in 17 patients. The cephalad SVC stump was anastomosed to the right atrial appendage. The origin of the pulmonary veins draining into the SVC was right upper lobe (all patients), right middle lobe (33 patients), and the entire right lung (9 patients). Results One 31-year-old woman died of severe pulmonary hypertension. An early technical error resulted in one symptomatic SVC obstruction. All patients remained well over follow-up (6 months to 30 years), without residual intracardiac defects. Sick sinus syndrome developed late in only 1 patient (2.5%). No patient has required a pacemaker. Conclusions The very low incidence of late arrhythmias with cavoatrial reconstruction is most encouraging.
Secretory carcinoma of the breast: Results from the survival, epidemiology and end results database

Abstract Background Secretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare breast cancer that is associated with incidence at a young age and an indolent course. The role for breast conservation and adjuvant radiation is unknown. Methods The SEER database was reviewed and 83 patients were identified with secretory carcinoma of the breast between the years 1983 and 2007. Baseline characteristics were compared with χ2 or Fisher’s exact test. Overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Analyses were performed using PASW Statistics, version 18. Results Median follow-up was 70 months. Median patient age was 53 years (range 11–86 years). 29 patients (34.9%) had involved regional lymph nodes. 39 patients (47.0%) underwent lumpectomy and 44 patients (53.0%) underwent mastectomy. 35 patients (42.2%) received radiation. Patients receiving radiation were more likely to have undergone lumpectomy, and the use of radiation increased over time. 5-year OS was 87.2%; 10-year OS was 76.5%. 5-year CSS was 94.4%; 10-year CSS was 91.4%. Among the lumpectomy patients, 25 patients (64.1%) received radiation. For lumpectomy patients, those who did not receive radiation had a 5-year OS of 92.9% and 10-year OS of 72.2% while patients who did receive radiation had a 5-year OS of 95.5% and 10-year OS of 85.9%. Only 1 patient treated with lumpectomy only died of cancer (92.9% CSS) and no patients treated with lumpectomy and radiation died of cancer (100% CSS). Conclusions Secretory carcinoma of the breast commonly occurs at a later age than previously recognized, and is associated with good long-term survival.
Association of powdery mildew and spider mite populations in apple and cherry orchards

Abstract Evidence is presented that shows densities, incidence, and reproduction of spider mites were greater on apple and cherry leaves infected with powdery mildew than on healthy leaves collected from orchards. In five apple and sour cherry orchards in 1996–1998, leaves infected with powdery mildew were more frequently infested with spider mites and mite densities were greater than on leaves without mildew. It appeared that spider mites colonized leaves after the mildew was present, but the mechanisms involved in this interaction are not known. In addition, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of cherry powdery mildew on reproduction of spider mites. Spider mite reproduction was enhanced by the presence of powdery mildew on detached sour cherry leaves in one laboratory trial, and the trend was similar in two other trials between 2 and 4 days after inoculation with mites. Mite reproduction did not differ between mildew treatments on later observation days (5 or 6 days after inoculation with mites) probably because of senescence and desiccation of the detached leaves. These findings may indicate that effective management of powdery mildew could reduce the need for acaricides and reduce the incidence of outbreaks of spider mites.
Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract The population of adults with congenital heart disease is large and growing. This group has a high rate of health resource utilization, including hospital admissions. It is predicted that this will only continue to grow as more individuals with moderate and complex congenital heart disease age into middle and late adulthood. Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit require coordinated, multidisciplinary care, ideally from a care team with experience in congenital heart disease. ACHD patients have a distinct set of hemodynamic, physiologic, and social needs that should be considered in their ongoing care. In addition to their high risk of cardiac complications, such as heart failure and arrhythmia, they are also at increased risk of noncardiac complications, such as liver and kidney disease. This chapter summarizes the unique challenges faced by providers caring for this population and offers recommendations for treatment based on the currently available data.
2-Amino-4-methyl-5-phenylethyl substituted-7-N-benzyl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel antitumor antimitotic agents that also reverse tumor resistance

Gangjee et al. recently reported a novel series of 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenylethyl substituted-7-benzyl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, some of which exhibited two digit nanomolar antitumor and antimitotic activity and were not subject to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) mediated tumor resistance (unlike the Vinca alkaloids and taxanes). Some of these compounds, in addition to their antitumor activity, had the ability to reverse the Pgp-mediated resistance to clinically used antimitotic agents. This report consists of an attempt to optimize the various activities of the parent compounds by synthetic variations of the phenyl ring of the 5-phenylethyl side chain. The target compounds were synthesized via a nine-step synthesis involving a Sonogashira reaction. The substituted phenylacetylenes as coupling partners were in turn synthesized from unactivated aryl bromides or iodides. The target compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 tumor cells. However, most of these compounds showed improved cytotoxicity against the resistant NCI/ADR and MCF-7/VP. This study afforded an analog which reversed both Pgp-mediated as well as MRP1-mediated resistance to clinically used antimitotic agents, along with its own antimitotic mediated antitumor activity. In addition, in the NCI-60 cell line panel one of the compounds inhibited the growth of MDA-MD-435 breast cancer cell line at submicromolar concentration.
The use of dynamic posturography to detect neurosensorial disorder in IDDM without clinical neuropathy.

The main aim was to evaluate the relative importance of sensory interactions for postural stability in 45 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with and without peripheral neuropathy. All subjects had normal electronystagmography. Dynamic posturography provides functional, selective testing of three sensory modalities in maintenance of balance, i.e., vestibular, visual, and somatosensory. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) includes six test conditions during which the subject tries to maintain an upright stance with as little sway as possible. The subject stands on a movable platform facing a square visual surrounding, which can be rotated independently. The test is performed first with the eyes open, then with the eyes closed. The second component of posturography testing consists of the Motor Control Test (MCT) concerning motor responses routinely used in balance maintenance. Compared to control subjects, IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy but not patients without neuropathy showed lower scores for test conditions SOT 1 (analysis of variance, ANOVA F = 8.3; Scheffe test: p = 0.0007), SOT 2 (F = 6.6; p = 0.004), SOT 3 (F = 3.4; p = 0.04), and SOT 6 (F = 3.4; p = 0.04). The muscle response latencies in MCT were prolonged for small forward perturbations (F = 4.6; p = 0.02) in neuropathic patients (148.3+/-14.2 ms) with respect to control subjects, but not in non-neuropathic patients with respect to control subjects (135.2+/-13.3 ms). Sural (r = 0.2; p = 0.002) and peroneal (r = 0.12; p = 0.02) nerve conduction velocities showed significant correlations with muscle response latencies of MCT for small forward perturbations. Our results suggest a subclinical dysequilibrium in IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy. The results of dynamic posturography may reflect the impairment of the somatosensory system, rather than a specific lesion of vestibular and/or visual modalities.
Relation between zinc and iron and peroxidation of lipids in liver homogenate in CaEDTA-treated rats☆

Abstract Rats were administered CaEDTA at 6 mmoles/kg/24 hr either by continuous iv infusion for various periods of time up to 48 hr or by ip injection (twice daily) for 14 days. The urinary excretion pattern for zinc, iron, and copper was compared with the content of these metals in the liver. The formation of malondialdehyde (MA) and the profile of total fatty acids was studied in the liver as an index of the capacity to peroxidize unsaturated fatty acid. The urinary excretion of zinc in rats infused iv with CaEDTA reached a maximum within 3 hr, then steadily declined. By contrast, the urinary excretion of iron continuously increased during the period of infusion. Still, total zinc excretion exceeded iron excretion 10-fold over the 48-hr period. A significant decrease in the zinc content of liver occurred 2 hr after the start of infusion and was only half that of controls after 48-hr infusion. The content of iron in the liver did not change. A significant increase of copper occurred in the liver in spite of the fact that enhanced urinary excretion could account for 15% depletion of total body stores. The formation of MA by the liver was significantly enhanced in rats infused with CaEDTA for 2 hr; infusion with CaEDTA for 48 hr resulted in abolishing the capacity of the liver to produce MA. Addition of iron to liver homogenate reestablished its capacity to produce MA. A similar pattern of metal content in the liver was measured for rats chronically treated with CaEDTA; zinc significantly decreased with no change in iron. However, the capacity of the liver to produce MA was enhanced. These data, supported by changes in the profile of fatty acids, favor the view that a decrease in zinc content with no change in biologically active iron content enhances lipid peroxidation by the liver. Chelation of iron in the liver with time during the constant iv infusion of CaEDTA, presumably through the formation of ternary iron complexes in situ , prevents lipid peroxidation.
Thickness-dependent mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane membranes

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has cross-linked network structures and its properties have been regarded as dimensionally independent. Here we demonstrate that both the mechanical strength and the Young's modulus of the PDMS membranes are thickness dependent and the transition from bulk behavior to dimension dependent is predicted to occur at a membrane thickness of about 200 µm. The thickness-dependent phenomenon is attributed to shear stress during fabrication, which is proportional to the thickness-induced reorder of polymer chain coils to form stronger cross-linked networks.
Hepatic hydrothorax confirmed by technetium scan before TIPS placement in a cirrhotic patient

Hepatic hydrothorax confirmed by technetium scan before TIPS placement in a cirrhotic patient
Critical examination of the quantitative evidence for and against photosynthetic CO2 fixation by guard cells

The evidence for and against photosynthetic CO2 fixation by guard cells is described and critically evaluated. There is a large body of literature on this subject, including enzyme activity assays, immunological assays for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in extracts, in situ immunological indicators at the light-and electron-microscope levels. products of 14CO2 fixation, and indirect indications such as the effect of light on the P-glycerate pool size, chlorophyll a (Chi a) flourescence transients, and alkalinization of medium. Although it is not possible to reconcile all the literature, I show that most reports indicate that the photosynthetic carbon-reduction pathway is absent in guard cells or, at most, does not exceed about 5% of that in mesophyll cells on a Chl basis. Because a mesophyll cell contains approximately 30 times more Chl than a guard cell does, the reported level of the pathway is equivalent to ?0.1 to 0.2% mesophyll contamination, of which it is difficult to ensure the absence. Even if present at these levels, the pathway would not contribute significantly to carbon metabolism.
Secure development tool adoption in open-source

Although the use of secure software development tools can help developers build more secure software, many developers do not use these tools. In previous work, a colleague conducted interviews with professional developers to develop a qualitative model of factors that influence developers' decisions to use or not use security tools. In the work described in this abstract, I conducted interviews with open-source software developers to evaluate how our findings generalize outside of corporate software development populations. With the data from these interviews, I aim to gain insight into open-source software developers' behavior and values. I aim to refine, expand, and generalize our security tool adoption model so it may be used to foster wider adoption of security tools.
Unsuitable Suitors: Anti-Miscegenation Laws, Naturalization Laws, and the Construction of Asian Identities

In this article, I use state-level anti-miscegenation legislation to examine how Asian ethnic groups became categorized within the American racial system in the period between the Civil War and the civil rights movement of the 1960s. I show how the labels used to describe Asian ethnic groups at the state level reflected and were constrained by national-level debates regarding the groups eligible for U.S. citizenship. My main point is that Asian ethnic groups originally were viewed as legally distinct—racially and ethnically, and that members of these groups recognized and used these distinctions to seek social rights and privileges. The construction of “Asian” as a social category resulted primarily from congressional legislation and judicial rulings that linked immigration with naturalization regulations. Anti-miscegenation laws further contributed to the social exclusion of those of Asian ancestry by grouping together U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians.