cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a high sensitivity cryogenic phased array feed antenna for the Green Bank Telescope

Efforts have been underway for the last several years to develop phased array feed antennas for large reflectors such as the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) as well as mid-size reflectors for Square Kilometer Array demonstration instruments. We report on recent work on a cryogenic L-band phased array feed with the goal of reducing the beam equivalent system noise temperature so that it is competitive with that of traditional horn type feeds.
Sub-volt drive voltage, ultra wide bandwidth substrate removed electro-optic modulators

This paper reports for the first time a 0.77 V Vπ modulator with larger than 67 GHz bandwidth. Such a device can be directly driven without an external modulator driver and enables applications that deliver ultra wide bandwidths needed in fiber optic communications.
A learning market-maker in the Glosten–Milgrom model

This paper develops a model of a learning market-maker by extending the Glosten–Milgrom model of dealer markets. The market-maker tracks the changing true value of a stock in settings with informed traders (with noisy signals) and liquidity traders, and sets bid and ask prices based on its estimate of the true value. We empirically evaluate the performance of the market-maker in markets with different parameter values to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, and then use the algorithm to derive properties of price processes in simulated markets. When the true value is governed by a jump process, there is a two regime behaviour marked by significant heterogeneity of information and large spreads immediately following a price jump, which is quickly resolved by the market-maker, leading to a rapid return to homogeneity of information and small spreads. We also discuss the similarities and differences between our model and real stock market data in terms of distributional and time series properties ...
The Effect of Flashcache and Bcache on I/O Performance

Solid state drives (SSDs) provide significant improvements in random I/O performance over traditional rotating SATA and SAS drives. While the cost of SSDs has been steadily declining over the past few years, high density SSDs continue to remain prohibitively expensive when compared to traditional drives. Currently, 1 TB SSDs generally cost more than USD $1,000, while 1 TB SATA drives typically retail for under USD $100. With ever-increasing x86_64 server CPU core counts, and therefore job slot counts, local scratch space density and random I/O performance have become even more important for HEP/NP applications. Flashcache and Bcache are Linux kernel modules which implement caching of SATA/SAS hard drive data on SSDs, effectively allowing one to create hybrid SSD drives using software. In this paper, we discuss our experience with Flashcache and Bcache, and the effects of this software on local scratch storage performance.
Measurement errors: A principal investigator-agent approach

This paper interprets the production of survey data as a labor market under asymmetric information. Measurement errors correspond to erroneous supply of observations by sample members. This paper discusses how to lower measurement errors using incentives that reward sample members for errorless supply and assesses the impact of such incentives on the sampling distributions of common estimators. When measurement errors are elastic with respect to such incentives, the latter can reduce bias even when information from the validation is not used and increase statistical efficiency when it is. We test our results on a survey of US physicians.
The Potential for Bias in Videotaped Confessions1

Within the criminal justice system, there is a growing trend toward utilizing videotape technology to record and to present confession evidence. Previous research, however, indicates that the point of view from which a confession is videotaped can influence determinations of its voluntariness. The present study extended this earlier result by demonstrating that (a) confessor-focus, but not equal-focus (on the confessor and interrogator), videotapes produce judgments of greater voluntariness compared to the more traditional audiotape and transcript formats; (b) this pattern generalizes across confessions concerned with three different crimes (i. e., rape, drug trafficking, and burglary); (c) individuals high and low in need for cognition are equally susceptible to the videotaped-confession bias; and (d) biased voluntariness judgments may, in turn, prejudice likelihood-of-guilt assessments. In light of both a recent Supreme Court ruling stating that the improper use of involuntary confessions may in certain instances be considered “harmless error,” and the fact that actual criminal interrogations are usually videotaped with the focus on the confessor, these findings have important legal implications.
Computational method for optimization of structural shapes

In the direct method of shape optimum design, mesh regridding is a necessary step in avoiding the distortion of finite element grids. The effect of internal-nodal movements on the shape design sensitivity associated with the regridding process has been carefully examined in this paper. It shows that to maintain computational accuracy, the effects of internal-nodal movement should be considered in shape design sensitivity analysis. To take the internal-nodal movement into account, the numerical accuracy of the speed method is investigated. A new approach, which constructs the velocity field over the element domain, is presented. Although it takes more computational time, the new approach does improve the accuracy of shape design sensitivity.
Racial Group Identification and Its Relations to Individualism/ Interdependence and Race-Related Stress in African Americans:

This study examined individualistic and interdependent notions of self and race-related stress across racial group identification profiles extracted from cluster analyses. African American college ...
Sedation-related outcomes in postoperative management of pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction

Abstract Objective Examine outcomes of varied postoperative sedation management in pediatric patients recovering from single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction. Design Retrospective review of 34 patients treated with single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction from 2001 through 2011. Setting Tertiary children's hospital. Methods Patients were divided into 2 groups: those managed postoperatively with sedation, with or without paralysis (group 1), and those managed awake with narcotic pain medication as needed for primary management (group 2). Outcomes were measured as a function of sedation management. Outcomes investigated focused on those related to the success of the airway reconstruction, and those related to sedation management. Results Out of 68 cases of laryngotracheal reconstruction reviewed from 2001 to 2011, 34 were single stage reconstructions. Nineteen patients were sedated postoperatively (group 1) and fifteen patients were left awake (group 2). There were no significant differences between groups in airway-related outcomes, including risk of accidental decannulation, revision rates, and need for secondary airway procedures such as balloon dilation. Sedation-related outcomes, specifically focusing on differences in medical management, showed significant increases in rates of withdrawal (p Conclusion Avoiding sedation as the standard for postoperative management of single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction airway patients leads to an overall decreased risk of morbidity without increasing risk of airway-specific morbidity. This is specifically as related to withdrawal, pulmonary complications, concerns about sedation level and prolonged hospital course, all of which increase significantly with increased level and duration of sedation.
Limited English proficiency, social network characteristics, and depressive symptoms among older immigrants.

Objectives. The purpose of the study was to examine differences in social network characteristics and their relationship to depressive symptoms among two groups of older Asian Indian immigrants: those with limited English proficiency and those proficient in English. Methods. Telephone surveys were conducted with 226 English-speaking (Sample 1) and 114 Gujarati-speaking (Sample 2) immigrants in Atlanta. Results. The samples differed significantly in demographics and patterns of social integration. Sample 2 had shorter residence in the United States, a more traditional ethnic identity, greater reliance on family for social activities, greater participation in religious events, lower likelihood of having good friends nearby, and less frequent interactions with friends. Rates of depressive symptoms did not differ, and network composition was unrelated to symptoms. For both samples, poorer health and a more traditional ethnic identity were related to depressive symptoms. Quality of relationship with children was predictive of symptoms for Sample 2. Discussion. I found no differences in depressive symptoms despite differing social network structures. This may be due to the differing expectations of social ties among older immigrants. Interventions to improve well-being should focus on issues that generate acculturative stress. Cognitive and social support interventions may help individuals develop the adaptive coping strategies needed to live in a different culture.
African Dance Aesthetics in a K-12 Dance Setting: From History to Social Justice.

This article invites the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the aesthetics of African-based dance through the elements of tradition, transformation, and social justice. A discussion of the aesthetics of African dances within Africa and throughout the African diaspora opens the doors to present these dances in a K–12 setting, to explore a concept of beauty that may be different from our own, and to dispel misconceptions that have become tied to African dance and culture.
A human model of inflammatory cardio-metabolic dysfunction; a double blind placebo-controlled crossover trial

Chronic inflammation may contribute to insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis although evidence of causality is lacking in humans. We hypothesized that very low-dose experimental endotoxemia would induce adipose tissue inflammation and systemic IR during a low-grade but asymptomatic inflammatory response and thus provide an experimental model for future tests of pharmacologic and genomic modulation of cardio-metabolic traits in humans. Ten healthy, human volunteers (50% male, 90% Caucasian, mean age 22.7 ± 3.8) were randomized in a double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study to separate 36-hour inpatient visits (placebo versus intravenous-LPS 0.6 ng/kg). We measured clinical symptoms via the McGill pain questionnaire and serial vital signs. Plasma and serum were collected for measurement of cytokines, C-reactive protein, insulin and glucose, serial whole blood & subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR. HOMA-IR, a well-validated measure of IR was calculated to estimate insulin resistance, and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing (FSIGTT) was performed to confirm an insulin resistant state. We performed ANOVA and within subject ANOVA to understand the differences in cytokines, adipose tissue inflammation and IR before and after LPS or placebo. There was no significant difference between placebo and LPS in clinical responses of symptom scores, body temperature or heart rate. However, low-dose endotoxemia induced a rapid and transient 25-fold induction of plasma TNF-alpha and 100-fold increase in plasma IL-6 (Figure 1B) (p < 0.001 for both) both peaking at two hours, followed by modest inflammation in adipose tissue with increases in mRNA levels of several inflammatory genes known to modulate adipose and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue mRNA levels of IL-6 (peak 6-fold, ANOVA F = 27.5, p < 0.001) and TNF-alpha (peak 1.8-fold, F = 2.9, p = 0.01) increased with MCP-1 (peak 10-fold, F = 5.6, p < 0.01) and fractalkine (CX3CL1) (peak 15-fold, F = 13.3, p < 0.001). Finally, HOMA-IR was 32% higher following LPS compared to placebo (p < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity declined by 21% following LPS compared to placebo (p < 0.05). We present a low dose human endotoxemia model of inflammation which induces adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in the absence of overt clinical response. Such a model has the potential for broad and safe application in the study of novel therapeutics and genomic influences in cardio-metabolic disease.
Optimizing micro-grid operations in the presence of wind generation

Conceptually, a micro-grids can operate in parallel with the main grid system to support the grid voltage or as an isolated system to support customers isolated from the grid. In islanding operations, the micro-grid can continue to supply power to the customers thereby increasing the reliability of the power system. In a micro-grid with a significant percentage of wind power, a reactive power source would be needed to keep the wind power generating in islanded mode. The problem of load following is investigated in this situation. In addition, the use of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and battery energy storage system (BESS) is investigated for the purpose of stabilizing the micro-grid voltage during short circuit faults in islanded mode of operation.
Position of hip resurfacing component affects strain and resistance to fracture in the femoral neck.

Background: Retrieval studies have suggested that the cause of femoral implant failure after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing is multifactorial. Both varus positioning of the femoral component and notching of the superior part of the femoral neck have been associated with femoral component failure. The hypotheses of this study were that placement of a femoral resurfacing component alters femoral neck loading and that the cortical strain pattern reflecting this loading is directly related to the spatial orientation of the resurfacing component. An additional hypothesis was that notching of the superior part of the neck during implantation results in a decreased resistance to neck fracture under axial loading. Methods: Varus, anteverted, retroverted, and anatomic positions of the femoral component were tested in sixty-four cadaveric femora. Simulated stance-phase loading was applied, and the shear strain on the femoral neck cortex was quantified with use of a photoelastic method. Preimplantation and postimplantation strain levels were compared over the entire neck region with use of generalized estimating equations. The influence of anteversion and retroversion of the component and notching of the superior part of the neck on the neck strength were evaluated. Results: Placement of the implant in 10° of varus alignment relative to anatomic positioning increased strain on the superior aspect of the neck by 19% to 23% compared with intact femora. Anteverted and retroverted placement of the implant produced elevated strain in the anterior-inferior and posterior-inferior aspects of the neck, respectively. Placement of the component stem in alignment with the anatomic neck axis decreased neck cortical strain 6% to 19% compared with intact femora. Notching of the superior aspect of the neck decreased neck strength by 21%. Conclusions: Relatively small deviations from anatomic alignment of a resurfacing hip component result in marked localized increases in loading of the femoral neck under conditions approximating single-limb stance. Neutral positioning of the femoral component results in localized strain reduction. Notching of the superior aspect of the femoral neck significantly reduces the resistance to fracture (p = 0.008). Clinical Relevance: The implantation-related changes observed in this analysis might be used to model the initial loading conditions in the femoral neck after resurfacing and may serve to validate finite element analysis predictions and clinical observations.
Higgs Boson Production from Heavy Quark Fusion

We study the production of Higgs bosons from heavy-quark fusion at future hadron colliders. We use a heavy-quark distribution function to combine the processes QQ\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}H and gQ\ensuremath{\rightarrow}HQ with the process gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}QQ\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}H to obtain a cross section in which potentially large logarithms, of order ln(${m}_{H}$/${m}_{Q}$), are summed to all orders in the strong coupling. We show that Higgs bosons which have an enhanced coupling to bottom quarks may be predominantly produced via bottom-quark fusion. We concentrate on the supersymmetric two-Higgs-doublet model, in which this enhancement occurs naturally.
Population Status and Habitat Selection of the Endangered Key Largo Woodrat

Abstract Over the last two decades, declines in trap success, stick-nest density and population density estimates have fueled concerns that the federally endangered Key Largo woodrat (KLWR, Neotoma floridana smalli) population is declining. Information on the current population status and habitat selection of KLWR is needed in the recovery of this population. We trapped on 60 (1-ha) randomly-placed grids (20 grids in each of three hardwood hammock age-classes). Grids were trapped from March–September 2002 and April–August 2004. Population estimates for the two trapping periods were 106 (95% ci 30–182) and 40 (95% ci 5–104) individuals, respectively. Greater than 80% of all KLWRs captures occurred in the young hammock age-classes (disturbed after 1971). Young hammocks were characterized by a more open canopy, smaller overstory trees, fewer logs, greater dispersion of overstory trees and a different species composition than old and medium age hammocks (P < 0.024). Contrary to previous research, KLWRs were f...
On the Interaction Between Mg Solute Atoms and Dislocations in Al-Mg Binary Alloys

The interaction between solute atoms and dislocations is known to lead to negative strain rate sensitivity and poor formability. The negative rate sensitivity causes inhomogeneous flow and the Portevin-LeChatelier (PLC) effect. These observations motivate the present study of the solute-dislocation interaction in binary Al-Mg alloys. We report here on three issues. First, we determine the size and shape of stable Mg clusters at stationary dislocations of edge, 60° and pure screw type. We then evaluate the accuracy with which clustering is predicted by the classical pressure field-solute interaction formula, i.e. within the assumption that solute do not interact and the pressure field of the dislocation is unperturbed by the solute. Second, we investigate to what extent the presence of the cluster perturbs the far field of the dislocation. Finally, the effect of the solute on the stacking fault energy is investigated.
Regulatory Spillover: How Regulatory Programs Influence Voluntary Efforts to Adopt Best Management Practices to Manage Non-Point Source Pollution

A central question in environmental, land use, and natural resources law and policy is the relative efficacy of regulatory versus voluntary approaches to the achievement of performance outcomes. This Article addresses this debate by examining the governance of non-point source (“NPS”) pollution on private lands. It specifically focuses on the prevention and control of sediment — a common NPS pollutant — from private lands in the rural North Coastal Basin of California and examines how regulations, non-regulatory programs, and other factors promote and impede the adoption of pollution control measures on private lands. It draws attention to the ways that formal and informal social interactions influence landowners’ management decisions, highlights the linkages between regulatory and non-regulatory actions, and adds insight into the design of regulatory and non-regulatory programs that recognize and capitalize on the social factors that affect management decisions on private lands. In particular, this study demonstrates that there is “regulatory spillover” from regulatory programs to non regulatory programs and voluntary actions. By requiring some landowners to retain independent technical professionals, the regulation of timber harvests has generated increased knowledge about BMPs among landowners. This then translates into increased utilization of nonregulatory resources and the adoption of BMPs on private lands that are not subject to strict regulatory monitoring or enforcement. Both regulations and non-regulatory programs influence landowners’ knowledge and actions, but they do so in different ways. Most importantly, regulations and non-regulatory programs often work in tandem and their combined influence extends beyond the reach of either one operating independently. It is shown here that interactions between landowners and professionals and amongst multiple landowners can also lead to increased knowledge about and adoption of BMPs. This study illustrates that informal social networks and high quality interactions between landowners and professionals, such as private consultants, regulators, and staff at non-profit organizations, can extend the reach and impact of both regulatory and non-regulatory programs.
Mellace Family Brands, Inc.: Building a Socially Responsible Enterprise

This case illustrates how two entrepreneurs bootstrapped their start-up, overcame the challenges that accompany growth, and built a successful business while being socially responsible.
Internet as a Source of Regulatory Arbitrage

The Internet is a transnational communication medium. Once connected, there is little that a single country can do to prevent citizens from communicating with the rest of the world without dramatically reducing the economic and intellectual value of the medium. As a result, connection to the Internet enables regulatory arbitrage by which persons can, in certain circumstances, arrange their affairs so that they take advantage of foreign regulatory regimes. Regulatory arbitrage reduces the policy flexibility of nations by making certain types of domestic rules difficult to enforce. Citizens with access to the Internet can send and receive anonymous messages regardless of national law; both censorship and information export restrictions become nearly impossible to enforce, although governments have it in their power to impose some impediments to ease of use. The effectiveness of European-style data protection laws is reduced when personal information can be stored in offshore data havens. Ultimately, restrictions on certain types of transaction, e.g., restrictions imposed by securities laws, also may be undermined if these transactions can easily be carried out offshore. However, claims that income tax systems will be seriously undermined are, I argue, vastly overstated, at least in the medium term. On balance, therefore, I predict that the Internet’s regulatory arbitrage effects will tend to promote liberal democratic values of openness and freedom more than they will detract from what most consider to be the modern states’ legitimate regulatory powers.
Effect of emphasis on comprehensively treating environment of infected snails to controlschistosomiasis

Objective To evaluate the effect of emphasis on comprehensively treating environment of infected snails to control schistosomiasis in lakes region,in order to provide basis for developing " one village one policy". Methods In Gongan and Jianli counties( the joint observation point of the Ministry and province),six villages were selected as observation and control group from 2011 to 2012. In the observation group,two times of chemotherapy for patients and livestock,two times of spreading molluscicide,health education,wild dung survey and other comprehensive measures were taken to compare the horizontal and longitudinal control effect. Results In 2012 no infectious snail was found in the observation group,while in the control group,the infectious snail rate increased from 0. 15%( 2010) to 0. 17%( 2012),an increase of 13. 33%,the difference was of no statistical difference. In the observation group,live snail rate,on the average,had a decrease of 59. 57%,human infection rate had a decrease of 46. 44%,showed statistical difference( χ2= 7. 37,P 0. 01),cattle infection rate decreased yearly,being 0 in 2012. In the control group,the average density of live snail had a decrease of 34. 69%. The infection rate of cattle fluctuated yearly,in 2011 had an increase of 2. 96%,as compared with 2010,with no statistical significance. In 2012,it decreased to 0. No acute case was found. Conclusion The effect of emphasis on comprehensively treating environment of infected snails to control schistosomiasis achieved significant results.
Mythologies New and Old: Hume and Current Theory

Probably the experience most common to readers and students of Gravity's Rainbow is the conviction that Pynchon's novel possesses an ethical stability or center in spite of their being unable to find one. This is a book which seems to have no identifiable point of view, but which at the same time seems to coincide wonderfully with the New Left Age of Aquarius. Is it an overgeneralization to say that the resulting criticism has therefore tried to make a moral virtue of the novel's anti-systematic composition, its refusal to close or to champion (narratively or dramatically) a moral perspective?
Comparative Development of Foraging and Brood Production in Honeybee Colonies Established on Comb and on Foundation

SummaryMore honeybees foraged initially from colonies established on combs than from colonies established on sheets of foundation or on narrow starter-strips of foundation. The rates at which bees returned with pollen to colonies given comb and to those given foundation were not significantly different, but both were higher than those for colonies given starter strips. Brood production was the same in colonies with comb and foundation. During the experiments a strong nectar flow allowed rapid comb construction. Differences in foraging could not be shown to result from any stimulus from the old comb; they may have been due to differences in the number of bees required inside the hive as the colonies became established.
Blind v. Colorblind: The Injustice of State Felon Disenfranchisement Schemes

State policies which disenfranchise ex-felons, those who have served their complete sentences, have a long history. While â€œcivil deathâ€ was a common punishment for convicts in Europe prior to the colonization of North America, ex-felon disenfranchisement statutes were adopted by several states, primarily in the South after the Civil War. There is substantial evidence that these statutes were created to exclude racial minorities. These discriminatory effects can still be seen today. Racial minorities in the United States, primarily African Americans, are incarcerated at a much higher rate than their white peers. Once convicted, these persons are often subject to disenfranchisement. Because of the racial disparities in conviction and incarceration, minority communities are often left with a diminished voice in the electoral process. Under the Voting Rights Act, as amended in 1982, any voting qualifications established by a state that result in disproportionate disadvantages for minorities are illegal. As a result, African American voters, who consistently vote for Democratic candidates 90% of the time, suffer from vote dilution due to felon disenfranchisement. Precedent suggests that courts analyzing such state statutes should consider a totality of circumstances, including the historical reasons for enactment and other harms suffered by the community. Because of this, ex-felon disenfranchisement schemes are not only a bad policy, but also are incompatible with equal voting rights as embodied in the 15th Amendment, and therefore invalid under law.
A covert authentication and security solution for GMOs

Proliferation and expansion of security risks necessitates new measures to ensure authenticity and validation of GMOs. Watermarking and other cryptographic methods are available which conceal and recover the original signature, but in the process reveal the authentication information. In many scenarios watermarking and standard cryptographic methods are necessary but not sufficient and new, more advanced, cryptographic protocols are necessary. Herein, we present a new crypto protocol, that is applicable in broader settings, and embeds the authentication string indistinguishably from a random element in the signature space and the string is verified or denied without disclosing the actual signature. Results show that in a nucleotide string of 1000, the algorithm gives a correlation of 0.98 or higher between the distribution of the codon and that of E. coli, making the signature virtually invisible. This algorithm may be used to securely authenticate and validate GMOs without disclosing the actual signature. While this protocol uses watermarking, its novelty is in use of more complex cryptographic techniques based on zero knowledge proofs to encode information.
Adaptive Power Profiling for Many-Core HPC Architectures

State of the art schedulers use workload profiles to help determine which resources to allocate. Traditionally, threads execute on every available core, but increasingly, too much power is consumed by using every core. Because peak power can occur at any point in time during the workload, workloads are commonly profiled to completion multiple times in an offline architecture. In practice, this process is too time consuming for online profiling and alternate approaches are used, such as profiling for k% of the workload or predicting peak power from similar workloads. We studied the effectiveness of these methods for core scaling. Core scaling is a technique which executes threads on a subset of available cores, allowing unused cores to enter low-power operating modes. Schedulers can use core scaling to reduce peak power, but must have an accurate profile across potential settings for number of active cores in order to know when to make this decision. We devised an accurate, fast and adaptive approach to profile peak power under core scaling. Our approach uses short profiling runs to collect instantaneous power traces for a workload under each core scaling setting. The duration of profiling varies for each power trace and depends on the desired accuracy. Compared to k% profiling of peak power, our approach reduced the profiling duration by up to 93% while keeping accuracy within 3%.
Tracking Natural Events through Social Media and Computer Vision

Accurate, efficient, global observation of natural events is important for ecologists, meteorologists, governments, and the public. Satellites are effective but limited by their perspective and by atmospheric conditions. Public images on photo-sharing websites could provide crowd-sourced ground data to complement satellites, since photos contain evidence of the state of the natural world. In this work, we test the ability of computer vision to observe natural events in millions of geo-tagged Flickr photos, over nine years and an entire continent. We use satellites as (noisy) ground truth to train two types of classifiers, one that estimates if a Flickr photo has evidence of an event, and one that aggregates these estimates to produce an observation for given times and places. We present a web tool for visualizing the satellite and photo observations, allowing scientists to explore this novel combination of data sources.
Transphobia in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study of Employment Stigma

Transgender individuals report frequent encounters with transphobia in the workplace, although relatively few studies have investigated this phenomenon. The present grounded theory analysis was conducted with 45 transgender and gender diverse participants to delineate their different experiences with bias and discrimination in the workplace. Qualitative data analysis revealed the following themes pertaining to work transphobia: lack of social support, workplace gender policing, personal safety threats, acquisition and advancement barriers, intersectional discrimination, intuited stigma, and lack of inclusive policy. Results suggest the diverse challenges faced by transgender individuals in the workplace and the need for further interventions, supports, and policy to counteract work-related transphobia.
Assessing value in breast reconstruction: A systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies.

Summary Introduction Breast reconstruction is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons and is achieved through various choices in both technology and method. Cost-effectiveness analyses are increasingly important in assessing differences in value between treatment options, which is relevant in a world of confined resources. A thorough evaluation of the cost-effectiveness literature can assist surgeons and health systems evaluate high-value care models. Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry was conducted. Two reviewers independently evaluated all publications up until August 17, 2017. Results After removal of duplicates, 1996 records were screened, from which 53 studies underwent full text review. All the 13 studies included for final analysis mention an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Five studies evaluated the cost-effectiveness of technologies including acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in staged prosthetic reconstruction, ADM in direct-to-implant (DTI) reconstruction, preoperative computed tomography angiography in autologous reconstruction, indocyanine green dye angiography in evaluating anastomotic patency, and abdominal mesh reinforcement in abdominal tissue transfer. The remaining eight studies evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different reconstruction methods. Cost-effective strategies included free vs. pedicled abdominal tissue transfer, DTI vs. staged prosthetic reconstruction, and fascia-sparing variants of free abdominal tissue transfer. Conclusions Current evidence demonstrates multiple cost-effective technologies and methods in accomplishing successful breast reconstruction. Plastic surgeons should be well informed of such economic models when engaging payers and policymakers in discussions regarding high-value breast reconstruction.
Denise Frazer and Paolo Canto: A Case Vignette on Feedback - Denise Frazer's Perspective

Denise Frazer and Paolo Canto, two HBS students, have decided to give each other feedback on their class participation. While Denise believes that she has provided concrete, actionable feedback to Paolo, she does not feel that Paolo is reciprocating. His feedback is general and superficial. Denise and Paolo have set a time to meet to discuss their latest class participation, and Denise has decided to use this time to address her issues with Paolo. This case should be used with its partner case: Denise Frazer and Paolo Canto: A Case Vignette on Feedback - Paolo Canto's Perspective. Learning Objective: To explore the process of providing feedback and coaching to a classmate. Provides opportunity for role-playing and experimentation.
Identification of a Chimeric M4 Protein and Novel Emm Pattern in Currently Circulating Strains of Emm4 Group A Streptococcus

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is classified by sequence of the gene encoding the M protein (emm) and the patterns into which emm types are grouped. We discovered a novel emm pattern in emm4 GAS, historically considered pattern E, arising from a fusion event between emm and the adjacent enn gene. We identified the emm/enn fusion event in 51/52 emm4 GAS strains isolated by national surveillance in 2015. GAS isolates with an emm/enn fusion event completely replaced pattern E emm4 strains over a 4-year span in Houston (2013-2017). The novel emm/enn gene fusion and new emm pattern has potential vaccine implications.
“Medical Errors” and Other Problems in Practice Unrelated to Medical Knowledge

Physicians who review their practice continually will serve their patients well, but good health care requires more than medical knowledge. At every step, extrinsic phenomena, errors, and omissions may adversely affect medical practice despite the physician’s superb knowledge. “The best performance is built upon sound information,” said George Miller, “but sound information is no assurance that it will occur.” John Williamson found, for example, that highly informed physicians often did not respond to an unmistakably abnormal laboratory report. About two-thirds of the abnormal results of three routine screening tests (urinalysis, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin) elicited no response from the physicians in his study, even after they attended a specially designed continuing education workshop and received reminders about the problem. The simple device of obscuring the abnormal findings on the laboratory report with a piece of removable fluorescent tape, however, significantly improved the response.
Rural responses following collapse: insights from Monte El Santo, Oaxaca, Mexico

In archaeology, rural areas are increasingly understood as dynamic places where inhabitants negotiate with the local and wider community in diverse ways to ensure their well-being. Developments hav...
UNIT 5.11 Immunoaffinity Chromatography

This technique involves elution of a single protein from an immunoaffinity column after prior elution of nonspecifically adsorbed proteins. Antibodies are coupled to Sepharose and the cell lysate is passed over the column. After washing, the specific antigen is eluted from the column using one of a number of methods: brief exposure to either high or low pH, or using the detergent octyl beta-d-glucoside (easily removable by dialysis). All these methods are described in this unit along with a procedure for covalently linking an antibody to Sepharose using the cyanogen bromide activation method.
Exploration of First-Year Students’ Resource Networks to Complete Engineering Homework

This Research Work in Progress paper presents our initial findings using network analysis to explore the resources (peers, teaching assistants, faculty, textbook, class notes, online, etc.) first-year engineering students use to complete homework in their engineering course. We designed a survey with open and closed-ended items to begin to explore what resources students use and why they use specific resources when completing a course assignment. Based on the data related to what resources students use, we created a weighted edge network using the statistical software, R. Through this analysis we identified the pairs of resources that were used the most by students. The open-ended survey responses were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis to understand why students use specific resources. This analysis identified four themes (contingency, isolation, convenience, and comfort) that represent how students make decisions about resources to use when completing homework.
Common Law and Natural Law in America: From the Puritans to the Legal Realists

Speaking to today's flourishing conversations on both law, morality, and religion, and the religious foundations of law, politics, and society, Common Law and Natural Law in America is an ambitious four-hundred-year narrative and fresh re-assessment of the varied American interactions of 'common law', the stuff of courtrooms, and 'natural law', a law built on human reason, nature, and the mind or will of God. It offers a counter-narrative to the dominant story of common law and natural law by drawing widely from theological and philosophical accounts of natural law, as well as primary and secondary work in legal and intellectual history. With consequences for today's natural-law proponents and critics alike, it explores the thought of the Puritans, Revolutionary Americans, and seminal legal figures including William Blackstone, Joseph Story, Christopher Columbus Langdell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the legal realists.
Code Blue: Life-threatening Methemoglobinemia

Most cases of acquired methemoglobinemia result from exposure to certain drugs or toxins. One of the more common and well-described causes in the literature is exposure to topical benzocaine during medical procedures. We present a case series of acute acquired methemoglobinemia from a food source that has not been previously described in the literature: a dessert. Three patients, ages 5, 33, and 86 years, were brought to our emergency department by ambulance after becoming extremely ill from ingesting a dessert containing nitre powder at a family gathering. They all presented with hypotension, cyanosis, and hypoxia that was not responsive to oxygen administration. The adult patients had major improvement of symptoms after a single dose of methylene blue. In contrast, the 5-year-old child who had the worst symptoms minimally improved with administration of two doses of methylene blue requiring intensive care admission and transfer to a tertiary care center.
Footcandles or Lux in IES Publications

In the near future the IES Handbook will be replaced by subscription to an online library of IES documents. The new format is expected to allow IES to more effectively provide internally consistent...
Building a Winning Coalition: Understanding County-Level Support for Donald Trump in the 2016 Election

In this chapter, I present a discussion of the academic literature oriented toward presidential elections, Iowa elections, and the 2016 election. The literature is used to theoretically develop models of vote choice using county-level data. The county-level modeling reveals that Trump was able to build a winning coalition between core constituencies of the Republican base (i.e., Republican and evangelical voters), and secure the votes of white, working-class voters across the state. County-level models also indicate that Trump’s improved performance over Mitt Romney in 2012 was driven by white, working-class voters as well, not by the core constituencies of the Republican base.
Modifying the Myth of the Garden

In a critical engagement with the second edition of Paul Thompson's The Spirit of the Soil, I offer two sets of considerations in support of developing his agrarian view of sustainability into a co...
Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Properties of GaAs/AlAs Type-II Superlattices

We present femtosecond nonlinear absorption spectra of highly-excited type-II GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells that reveal a pronounced optically-induced blue shift and bleaching of the heavy-hole exciton absorption peak. The optical nonlinearity arises from many-body effects associated with dense electron and hole plasmas that are separated in both coordinate and momentum spaces. The blue shift disappears as we approach the indirect-to-direct crossover region by application of an axial electric field, thus verifying our assertion that the blue shift arises from type-II behaviour.
The Effect of Continuous Versus Pregnancy-Only Medicaid Eligibility on Routine Postpartum Care in Wisconsin, 2011–2015

To compare patterns of routine postpartum health care utilization for women in Wisconsin with continuous Medicaid eligibility versus pregnancy-only Medicaid This analysis used Medicaid records and linked infant birth certificates for Medicaid paid births in Wisconsin during 2011–2015 (n = 105,718). We determined if women had continuous or pregnancy-only eligibility from the Medicaid eligibility file. We used a standard list of billing codes to identify if women received routine postpartum care. We examined maternal characteristics and receipt of postpartum care overall and by Medicaid eligibility category. Finally, we used a binomial model to calculate the relationship between Medicaid eligibility category and receipt of postpartum care, adjusted for maternal characteristics. Women with continuous Medicaid had profiles more consistent with low postpartum visit attendance rates (e.g., younger, more likely to use tobacco) than women with pregnancy-only Medicaid. However, after adjusting for maternal characteristics, women with continuous Medicaid eligibility had a postpartum visit rate that was 6 percentage points higher than the rate for women with pregnancy-only Medicaid (RD: 6.27, 95% CI 5.72, 6.82). Women with pregnancy-only Medicaid were less likely to have received routine postpartum care than women with continuous Medicaid. Medicaid coverage beyond the current guaranteed 60 days postpartum could help provide more women access to postpartum care.
Spinners or sitters? Regimes of social reproduction and urban Chinese workers’ employment choices:

Despite China being the world’s factory, its labor market is now primarily service-based with a high level of informality. When formal manufacturing and informal service sectors co-exist, how do wo...
Propagation of surfactant and polymer flow in natural carbonate cores

Abstract This paper presents an experimental and analytical study of comprehensive effects of surfactant and polymer in aqueous solutions on the propagation in carbonates. Single-phase flow tests of surfactant, polymer and surfactant-polymer mixture were respectively conducted on natural carbonate core plugs at high temperature and high salinity reservoir conditions. The effect of different factors on chemical propagation was taken into account by use of a convection-dispersion model. The dynamic adsorptions of two amphoteric surfactants at 2000 mg/L concentration onto the carbonate rocks were 0.21 and 0.17 mg/g-rock, respectively. The dynamic adsorptions of a sulfonated polymer at 2000 and 5000 mg/L were 0.11 and 0.17 mg/g-rock, respectively. Surfactant-polymer mixtures in aqueous solutions were co-injected to evaluate their competitive adsorption, showing the surfactant adsorption was reduced by approximatively 50%. The dispersion coefficient of the chemicals in the carbonate cores was in the magnitude of 10−3 cm2/s. Caused by dispersion and adsorption, chemical concentration reduction occurred obviously during the propagation in carbonate porous media. Chromatographic separation took place in the surfactant-polymer co-injection scheme, which was estimated by modeling as well.
Failure mode mapping for rolling/sliding contacts under low lambda conditions

Abstract Tribological failures come in different forms, and there are many parameters (e.g. speed, pressure, sliding, roughness, viscosity, etc.) that affect which failure mode will be realized in testing. It is not uncommon to have two apparently identical tests produce different failure modes. In this study, the failure modes of pitting, micropitting, and abrasive wear were evaluated for rolling/sliding contacts and mapped at low lambda conditions (λ