cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The bile acid-inducible baiB gene from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 encodes a bile acid-coenzyme A ligase.

The human intestinal Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 has been shown to have a multistep biochemical path- way for bile acid 7 a -dehydroxylation. A bile acid-inducible operon encoding 9 open reading frames has been cloned and sequenced from this organism. Several of the genes in this operon have been shown to catalyze specific reactions in the 7 a -dehydroxylation pathway. The baiF gene from this operon was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and found to en- code a novel bile acid-coenzyme A (CoA) hydrolase. The sub- unit molecular mass of the purified bile acid-CoA hydrolase was calculated to be 47,466 daltons and the native enzyme had a relative molecular weight of 72,000. The K m and V max for cholyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydrolysis was approximately 175 m M and 374 m mol/min per mg protein, respectively. The enzyme used cholyl-CoA, 3-dehydrocholyl-CoA, and cheno- deoxycholyl-CoA as substrates. No hydrolytic activity was de- tected using acetyl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA, palmitoyl-CoA, or phenylacetyl-CoA as substrates. Amino acid sequence data- base searches showed no significant similarity of bile acid- CoA hydrolase to other thioesterases, but significant amino acid sequence identity was found with Escherichia coli car- nitine dehydratase. The characteristic thioesterase active site Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif was not found in the amino acid se- quence of this enzyme. Bile acid-CoA hydrolase from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 may represent a new family of thioesterases.— Ye, H-Q., D. H. Mallonee, J. E. Wells, I. Bjorkem, and P. B. Hylemon. The bile acid-inducible baiF gene from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 encodes a bile acid-coenzyme A hydrolase. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 17-23.
Interfacing synchronous machines with power systems for fault analysis: constructing symmetrical components from machine dqO quantities

Presents a procedure for obtaining time-domain solutions for faulted power systems containing multiple rotating machines. The time-domain solutions are obtained using a combination of both time and steady-state frequency-domain techniques. The transmission network is modeled using steady-state AC techniques, while the rotating machines are represented by sets of coupled differential equations. The interface between the time-domain machine models and the frequency-domain transmission network model transforms the differential equation solutions into the appropriate frequency-domain phasors. The combination of time and frequency-domain analysis allows the total number of calculations required for a solution to be considerably less than the number required for a complete time-domain solution. >
Effect of treatment modality on the hypothalamic-pituitary function of patients treated with radiation therapy for pituitary adenomas: hypothalamic dose and endocrine outcomes.

Background: Both fractionated external beam radiotherapy and single fraction radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas are associated with the risk of hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis dysfunction.Objective: To analyze the effect of treatment modality (Linac, TomoTherapy, or Gamma Knife) on hypothalamic dose and correlate these with HP-Axis deficits after radiotherapy.Methods:Radiation plans of patients treated postoperatively for pituitary adenomas using Linac-based 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (CRT) (n=11), TomoTherapy-based Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) (n=10), or Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)(n=12) were retrospectively reviewed. Dose to the hypothalamus was analyzed and postradiotherapy hormone function including growth hormone (GH), thyroid (TSH), adrenal (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), and gonadotropins (FSH/LH) were assessed. Results:Post-radiation, 13 of 27 (48%) patients eligible for analysis developed at least one new hormone deficit, of which 8 of 11 (72%) occurred in the Linac group, 4 of 8 (50%) occurred in the TomoTherapy group, and 1 of 8 (12.5%) occurred in the Gamma Knife group. Compared with fractionated techniques, Gamma Knife showed improved hypothalamic sparing for DMax Hypo, and V12Gy. For fractionated modalities, TomoTherapy showed improved dosimetric characteristics over Linac-based treatment with hypothalamic DMean (44.8 Gy vs. 26.8 Gy p=0.02), DMax (49.8 Gy vs. 39.1 Gy p=0.04), and V12Gy (100% vs. 76% p=0.004).Conclusion:Maximal dosimetric avoidance of the hypothalamus was achieved using Gamma Knife-based radiosurgery followed by TomoTherapy-based IMRT, and Linac-based 3D conformal radiation therapy, respectively.
An FIR image interpolation filter design method based on properties of human vision

Image interpolation is an important image operation. It is commonly used in image enlargement to obtain a close-up view of the detail of an image. From sampling theory, an ideal low-pass filter can be used for image interpolation. However, ripples appear around image edges which are annoying to a human viewer. The authors introduce a new FIR image interpolation filter known as a perceptually weighted least square (PWLS) filter which is designed using both sampling theory and properties of human vision. The goal of this design approach is to minimize the ripple response around edges of the interpolated images and to best satisfy frequency response constraints. The interpolation results using the proposed approach are substantially better than those resulting from replication or bilinear interpolation, and are at least as good as and possibly better than that of cubic convolution interpolation. >
The Creative Alternative Game Exploring Interpersonal Influence Processes

In this article we (1) defend the use of game simulations as experiments to test communication-related theories, but argue that game theory per se and the Prisones's Dilemma game are of limited research value to students of communication; (2) explicate a mixed-motive game experiment (Creative Alternative) which permits systematic investigation of interpersonal influence processes; and (3) discuss the use of the Creative Alternative game to study the effects of alternative compliance-gaining strategies.
Gating reaction mechanism of neuronal NMDA receptors.

The activation mechanisms of recombinant N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NRs) have been established in sufficient detail to account for their single channel and macroscopic responses; however, the ...
Preferred binding orientations of phenacetin in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are associated with isoform-selective metabolism.

Human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 play important roles in drug metabolism and chemical carcinogenesis. Although these two enzymes share high sequence identity, they display different substrate specificities and inhibitor susceptibilities. In the present studies, we investigated the structural basis for these differences with phenacetin as a probe using a number of complementary approaches, such as enzyme kinetics, stoichiometric assays, NMR, and molecular modeling. Kinetic and stoichiometric analyses revealed that substrate specificity (k(cat)/K(m)) of CYP1A2 was approximately 18-fold greater than that of CYP1A1, as expected. Moreover, despite higher H₂O₂ production, the coupling efficiency of reducing equivalents to acetaminophen formation in CYP1A2 was tighter than that in CYP1A1. CYP1A1, in contrast to CYP1A2, displayed much higher uncoupling, producing more water. The subsequent NMR longitudinal (T₁) relaxation studies with the substrate phenacetin and its product acetaminophen showed that both compounds displayed similar binding orientations within the active site of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. However, the distance between the OCH₂ protons of the ethoxy group (site of phenacetin O-deethylation) and the heme iron was 1.5 A shorter in CYP1A2 than in CYP1A1. The NMR findings are thus consistent with our kinetic and stoichiometric results, providing a likely molecular basis for more efficient metabolism of phenacetin by CYP1A2.
A Relative Rise in Blood Pressure From 18 to 30 Weeks’ Gestation Is Associated With Reduced Fetal Growth and Lower Gestational Age at Delivery: Much Ado About Nothing?

See related article, pp 36–44 Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy include gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, and preeclampsia. Collectively, these disorders complicate 6% to 20% of all pregnancies.1 The rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) will continue to increase because of the trend regarding advanced maternal age and increased body mass index at time of pregnancy.1 These disorders, particularly preeclampsia, are more commonly associated with increased rates of small for gestational age (SGA) infants, preterm birth (PTB), and low-birth-weight infants. PTB is defined as delivery at <37 weeks’ gestation, and it can be spontaneous because of either preterm labor or preterm rupture of membranes (spontaneous PTB) or indicated PTB as a result of maternal or fetal reasons.2 SGA is defined as birth weight at <10th percentile, and low birth weight is defined as a birth weight of <2500 g. There is some evidence that preeclampsia and pregnancies complicated by SGA have similar risk factors, suggesting that they may share similar pathophysiology. For example, women with prior history of preeclampsia are at increased risk for SGA and preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies, and women who are born SGA are at increased risk of preeclampsia and SGA in subsequent pregnancies.3 In addition, women with prior history of preeclampsia are at increased risk for PTB and SGA even when they have subsequent normotensive gestation.4 However, the cause of SGA and PTB is multifactorial, and only SGA and PTB related to placental insufficiency probably share …
The Effects of Mainstream and Sidestream Environmental Tobacco Smoke Composition for Enhanced Condensational Droplet Growth by Water Vapor

Although tobacco smoke is well known for its adverse health effects, the hygroscopicity and droplet growth properties of the aerosol have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, cigarette smoke is further characterized and several state-of-art analysis techniques are applied to understand the effects of particle chemistry and hygroscopicity for enhanced condensational growth (ECG) by water vapor and wet particle deposition. Low nicotine (LN) and ultra-low nicotine (ULN) research cigarettes are tested with a Walton Smoking Machine (WSM); mainstream and sidestream environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are produced. Online and offline analysis are combined to analyze the smoke. More than 99% of the mainstream and sidestream ETS mass is semivolatile aerosol and nonelemental carbon, of which more than 95% is organic. The water-soluble organic comprises 30-85% of the aerosol mass fraction and has no effect on surface tension when dissolved in water. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio...
Protosalvinia (Foerstia) Zone in the Upper Devonian Sequence of Eastern Ohio, Northwestern Pennsylvania, and Western New York

Remains of Protosalvinia ( Foerstia ), a fucalean alga restricted to Upper Devonian strata, are locally abundant in the Chagrin Shale Formation along Conneaut Creek in Ashtabula County, Ohio. Protosalvinia also occurs along Conneaut Creek and Little Elk Creek in Erie County, Pennsylvania, where it is confined to a 10-m zone near the base of the Ellicott Shale Member of the Chadakoin Formation. This Protosalvinia ( Foerstia ) zone can be traced eastward to Chautauqua County, New York, permitting correlation of undifferentiated Chagrin Shale of the Ashtabula, Ohio, area with the more finely divided stratigraphic sequence of northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York.
Using the dog genome to find single nucleotide polymorphisms in red foxes and other distantly related members of the Canidae

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are the ideal marker for characterizing genomic variation but can be difficult to find in nonmodel species. We explored the usefulness of the dog genome for finding SNPs in distantly related nonmodel canids and evaluated so-ascertained SNPs. Using 40 primer pairs designed from randomly selected bacterial artificial chromosome clones from the dog genome, we successfully sequenced 80–88% of loci in a coyote ( Canis latrans ), grey fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteu s), and red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), which compared favourably to a 60% success rate for each species using 10 primer pairs conserved across mammals. Loci were minimally heterogeneous with respect to SNP density, which was similar, overall, in a discovery panel of nine red foxes to that previously reported for a panel of eight wolves ( Canis lupus ). Additionally, individual heterozygosity was similar across the three canids in this study. However, the proportion of SNP sites shared with the dog decreased with phylogenetic divergence, with no SNPs shared between red foxes and dogs. Density of interspecific SNPs increased approximately linearly with divergence time between species. Using red foxes from three populations, we estimated F ST based on each of 42 SNPs and 14 microsatellites and simulated null distributions conditioned on each marker type. Relative to SNPs, microsatellites systematically underestimated F ST and produced biased null distributions, indicating that SNPs are superior markers for these functions. By reconstituting the frequency spectrum of SNPs discovered in nine red foxes, we discovered an estimated 77–89% of all SNPs (within the region screened) present in North American red foxes. In sum, these findings indicate that information from the dog genome enables easy ascertainment of random and gene-linked SNPs throughout the Canidae and illustrate the value of SNPs in ecological and evolutionary genetics.
Evidence-based knowledge in the context of social practice

Aims: Social practitioners require evidence-based knowledge as a guide to the development of social policies and practices. This article aims to identify: (1) knowledge domains needed for the devel...
Bowlers, ballads, bells, and blasters: Living history and fandom

In many people's lives the disposition to create community around historical interest or reenacted historical community practices, or even just entertainment in a mythic-history setting, intersects with a related and similar interest in science fiction/fantasy literature and participation on some level in the related fandoms and social activities of SF/F. The bowlers, ballads, bells, and blasters of my title come together not just in current steampunk scenes but also in the storied and genred lives of many reenactors and fans. Or, as a friend of mine suggested when discussing this essay, "historical reenactment is the trade secret to fandom."
Variceal Bleeding Refractory to Endoscopic Management: Indications and Use of Balloon Tamponade, Interventional Radiology, and Surgical Treatment

ackground amponade as a means of controlling esophagogastric ariceal hemorrhage dates back over seventy years. Inflatable alloons of various constructs have been in widespread use ince the late 1940s.1 Through direct mechanical pressure on ommunicating venous tributaries, balloon tamponade effecively cuts off variceal blood supply, with initial hemostasis chieved in up to 90% of cases.2 Limited by high rates of ebleeding and complications, balloon tamponade has been elegated to salvage therapy status, primarily utilized once harmacologic and endoscopic measures fail.
Thermal expansion of alpha quartz

Existing data for thermal expansion of alpha quartz (between -50 degrees C and 150 degrees C) have been critically analyzed. A recommended best set of values was received, as were third-, and fourth-, and fifth-order power series expansions for the coefficients of thermal linear expansion (CTE), referenced to 0 degrees C. To fully utilize the results, relationships between the CTEs and the thermal expansion coefficients ( alpha /sub ij/) were derived and alpha /sub ij/ referenced to 25 degrees C were obtained. Based on the results, an additional analysis to third order in alpha /sub ij/ values allow direct comparison with previously published thermal expansion coefficients. The influence of the new alpha /sub ij/ on determinations of quartz material temperature coefficients and on the calculation of temperature coefficients of frequency for the case of the AT-cut are discussed. >
Remembering and reminiscing: How individual lives are constructed in family narratives

Stories we tell about our lives very much define who we are as individuals, within particular families, cultures and historical periods. In this article, I review psychological research that demonstrates how autobiographical memories are created and re-created in daily interactions in which we share our stories with others, and how this process is modulated by individual, gendered and cultural models of self expressed in everyday family reminiscing. I focus on two critical developmental periods: the preschool years when autobiography is just beginning to emerge; and adolescence when autobiographical memories begin to coalesce into an overarching life narrative that defines self, others and values. I show how individual differences in the ways in which families reminisce are related to individual autobiographical narratives. Importantly, just as our individual narratives are shaped by cultural and historical models of selves and lives, individuals come to shape their culture and their historical moment by ...
Exercise increases pyridinoline cross-linking and counters the mechanical effects of concurrent lathyrogenic treatment

The collagen cross-link profile of bone, associated with bone strength and fracture toughness, is tightly regulated (affecting cross-link quantity, type, lysine hydroxylation and maturity) and may contribute to the improvements in bone quality during exercise. We hypothesized that 1) exercise promotes mature cross-link formation, 2) increased mature cross-linking is accompanied by shifts in lysine hydroxylation, and 3) these changes in collagen cross-link profile have positive effects on mechanical properties. Growing male C57Bl6 mice were treated with 30 min/day of running exercise, 350 mg/kg/day β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) injected subcutaneously to inhibit enzymatic collagen cross-linking, or both exercise and BAPN, from 5 to 8 weeks of age. Bone collagen cross-linking profile, mechanical properties, morphology, and mineralization were measured from the tibiae. Cross-link measures, including immature, pyridinoline, pyrrole and pentosidine cross-links, ratios reflecting cross-link maturity and hydroxylation, and mineralization were tested for their importance to mechanical properties across 8 week groups through correlation analyses and step-wise linear regressions. BAPN treatment significantly reduced lysylpyridinoline, pyrrole, hydroxylysinorleucine, and total mature collagen cross-linking, resulting in decreased bone elastic modulus and increased yield strain despite a marginal increase in TMD. Exercise caused a shift toward pyridinoline cross-linking, with increased hydroxylysylpyridinoline and decreased pyrrole cross-linking resulting in total mature cross-linking and estimated tissue level mechanical properties matching sedentary control levels. Exercise superimposed on BAPN treatment increased total mature cross-linking from BAPN to control levels, but did so by increasing pyridinoline, not pyrrole, cross-links. Exercise also counteracted the BAPN effects on modulus and strain, without a change in TMD. Pyrrole cross-linking was the strongest correlate of modulus (r=0.470, p<0.01) and yield strain (r=-0.467, p<0.01). Cross-links with similar levels of telopeptide lysine hydroxylation to pyrrole (lysylpyridinoline and hydroxylysinorleucine) also correlated with modulus and strain to a lesser extent. In conclusion, exercise in growing mice promotes pyridinoline collagen cross-linking in bone, the resulting increase in total mature cross-linking is sufficient to counteract the mechanical effects of concurrent cross-link inhibition, and this responsiveness to loading is a potential means by which exercise might improve bone quality in diseased or otherwise compromised bone.
A systematic review of secondhand smoke exposure in a car Attributable changes in atmospheric and biological markers

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been linked to disease, disability, and premature death. While several countries have enacted smoke-free legislations, exposure to SHS may still occur in unregulated private environments, such as in the family car. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature in PubMed and Web of Science up to May 2013. Articles were selected if they provided a quantitative measure of SHS exposure (biological or atmospheric markers); the study was conducted inside a car; and the assessed exposure was attributable to cigarette combustion. From 202 articles identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Among all studies that assessed smoking in cars with at least one window partially open, the particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) concentrations ranged from 47 μg/m(3) to 12,150 μg/m(3). For studies with all windows closed, PM2.5 ranged from 203.6 μg/m(3) to 13,150 μg/m(3). SHS concentration in a car was mediated by air-conditioning status, extent of airflow, and driving speed. Smoking in cars leads to extremely high exposure to SHS and increased concentration of atmospheric markers of exposure-even in the presence of air-conditioning or increased airflow from open windows. This clearly shows that the only way to protect nonsmokers, especially children, from SHS within cars is by eliminating tobacco smoking.
Performing Afro-Cuba: image, voice, spectacle in the making of race and history

Folkloric dance in Cuba, the problematic term given to traditional and religious Afro-Cuban performance, is well known as an essential part of Cuban cultural production by those living on and visit...
Giving Voice to Historical Trauma Through Storytelling: The Impact of Boarding School Experience on American Indians

ABSTRACTThis study documented events contributing to historical trauma among American Indian mission boarding school survivors using the Dream Catcher-Medicine Wheel (DCMW) model as a culturally appropriate tool that enhanced storytelling. Nine women from 2 Plains Indians tribes were recruited through snowball sampling. A descriptive exploratory qualitative method was used in the study. A thematic analysis process using the DCMW was combined with taped and written storytelling sessions. Inductive analysis was applied to the 2 research questions. Data analysis identified 3 major themes. First, unable to voice mission boarding school experiences for most of their adult lives, each affirmed the rediscovery of Native spirituality as empowering. Second, all expressed appreciation for traditional methods woven into storytelling sessions, particularly the DCMW. Finally, all indicated they experienced release and healing through telling their stories. Participants struggle to resolve health challenges to this day.
The Infiltration of Organized Criminal Groups into U.S. Trade Unions

From the beginning, a shortage of labor hindered our economic growth. Originally inhabited by small numbers of “uncooperative” Indians, the North American colonies had relied for labor on white immigrants and indentured servants from Europe and black slaves from Africa. Though the native born reproduced rapidly, the continent was so large and potentially so productive that successive waves of newcomers were required to work on farms and in factories to satisfy the need for cheap labor. That responsive movement of people in the nineteenth century from across the oceans dwarfed all earlier migrations.
A Doctor Looks at Exercise and Fitness

(1957). A Doctor Looks at Exercise and Fitness. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 24-67.
HIV vulnerability and the erasure of sexual and gender diversity in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

In the fight against concentrated HIV epidemics, men who have sex with men (MSM) are often framed as a homogeneous population, with little attention paid to sexual and gender diversity and its impact on HIV vulnerability. This article draws on ethnographic research conducted in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire among les branches - a local term encompassing several categories of same-sex desire and practice. In the context of increased HIV prevention programming targeting Ivoirian sexual and gender minorities, such diversity is effectively erased. This obfuscation of difference has particularly negative impacts for travestis, who may be at higher risk for HIV infection, though research and prevention efforts in which they are grouped with 'MSM' render them underrepresented and make their vulnerability difficult to quantify. Branches whose class and/or ethnic backgrounds compound their stigmatised status as sexual and gender minorities also bear the burden of this exclusion. Furthermore, some branches deploy 'MSM' as a form of self-identification, further complicating who such categories represent. By highlighting the ways in which constructions of gender and sexuality within HIV/AIDS programming obscure complex social realities, I aim to reorient thinking around the development of purposeful HIV programming that engages the complexity of sexual and gender minority experience.
Thermal contact conductance of various metals at elevated temperatures

The measured values of thermal contact conductance far carbon steel 4130, stainless steel 304, and aluminum 2041-T6 are presented for mean interface temperatures up to 850°F snd moderate rates of heat flux up to 50,000 Btu/hr-ft?. All experiments were performed in air. The thermal contact conductance versus apparent pressure at constant is presented for carbon steel 4130. Results show a rising value of contact conductance with pPessure and a significant hysteresis between loading and unloading. Repeat experiments with the same specimens hut without surface refinishim suggest significant inlfuence of surface oxide. Thermal contact conductance as a function of temperature at constant pressure are presented for carbon steel 4130, stainless steel 304, and aluminum 2041-T6. value of contact conductance at higher temperatures. For carbon steel the increase occurs at temperatures greater than 550°F, while for aluminum the increase is evident for temperatures greater than 200°F . For both aluminum and stainless steel there appears to be an effect due to material creep at elevated temperatures. Elementary calculations suggest that the changes in contact conductance for the temperature range tested are due to thermal and property changes and not due to radiation. Results show a sharply rising
Long-Term Soil-Disturbance Pattern by a Pocket Gopher, Geomys bursarius

L'etablissement et l'alteration posterieure du systeme de galerie ont ete suivis durant 158 jours chez des individus adultes de G.b. creant un systeme de galerie dans un terrain recevant ou non des engrais azotes, afin de comprendre l'utilisation de l'espace, la dynamique des systemes de galerie et le derangement des sols par ce rongeur ou d'autres especes
Research and Design of Electric Power Big Data Platform

As data sharing, data analysis and big data application development platform, the electric power big data platform provides services from data collection, storage, pretreatment, computation, analysis and visualization for big data analysts and application developers. This paper fi rstly analyzes the electric power big data platform application requirements, and designs its application architecture, technical architecture and data architecture. Then its key techniques such as multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, heterogeneous data parallel processing, and task scheduling based on workfl ow are studied. Finally the further study of electric power big data platform is suggested.
Novel Anti-inflammatory Therapies

Both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involve chronic inflammation of the airways and many new therapies are directed to suppressing or preventing the inflammatory response. The nature of the inflammatory process differs between the two diseases, so that different anti-inflammatory drugs may be needed. However, broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory therapies may be effective in both diseases. This chapter considers some of the new drugs in development that have not been included in previous chapters and discusses inhibitors of specific inflammatory mediators and proteases and inhibitors of transcription factors and signal transduction pathways (kinase inhibitors). Inhibitors of the allergic process that are relevant to asthma therapies and drugs that may reverse the tissue destruction of emphysema that are relevant to COPD are also discussed.
Yeats, Socialism and Tragedy

In his later years, despite having been when young a follower of William Morris, Yeats disliked both Utopian and Marxian socialism. In the thirties, this dislike placed him as variance with most of his artistic contemporaries. ‘The dominance of the Left in universities and literary London was powerfully sensed and widely accepted at the time; and by the end of the decade the Left was often felt to be in total possession,’ George Watson has written of the thirties, supporting the generalisation with a remarkable 1940 comment by George Orwell: ‘there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense “left” ‘.1 Many of Yeats’s friends and fellow-artists had markedly leftist sympathies: Sean O’Casey, Frank O’Connor, Ethel Mannin, Liam O’Flaherty, Constance Markiewicz and of course Madame MacBride and her daughter. Why did Yeats choose to resist the tide? What did he think socialism was, and why did he dislike it so intensely? The answers to those questions are less apparent in Yeats’s scattered remarks on socialism than they are in three decisions he made as an arbiter of the arts: the decision not to produce Sean O’Casey’s The Silver lassie at the Abbey, the decision to exclude Wilfred Owen from the Oxford Book of Modern Verse and the decision in the same anthology to identify the main movement in contemporary poetry not with Auden, Spender and Day-Lewis, but with W. J. Turner, Herbert Read, Dorothy Wellesley and Oliver St John Gogarty.
2016 ALS User Meeting Highlights

About 400 ALS users came together in early October 2016 for the annual ALS User Meeting. Attendees listened to colleagues present their research, took part in scientific workshops, interacted with exhibitors, and recognized this year's awardees.
Co-Occurrence of HIV, Hepatitis C, and Substance Use Disorders: Effects on Brain Functioning

Most notably, substance use disorders (SUDs) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are the two conditions that commonly co-occur with HIV and share in common a number of neuropathological and neurocognitive sequelae. In this chapter, we present and evaluate research that examines neurocognitive functioning among HIV-infected persons who are also infected with HCV and/or have a SUD. As we highlight throughout, the presence of an SUD and/or HCV in concert with HIV infection may increase the vulnerability to neurocognitive dysfunction. In the process, we also devote some attention to unique challenges in the study of these vulnerable populations and briefly touch upon some treatmentrelated issues.
Statement of Commissioner Gail Heriot in the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights' Report on English-Only Policies in the Workplace

In July of 2011, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights issued a report entitled "English-Only Policies in the Workplace.” This is the Commissioner Statement written by Commissioner Gail Heriot (also a Professor of Law at the University of San Diego) that was part of that report. The Statement discusses how Title VII is being applied far beyond what the Members of Congress who passed it intended and why the EEOC's policy on "English-only policies" is misguided.
A Novel Approach for Integrating AF-SLO and SDOCT Imaging Data Demonstrates the Ability to Identify Early Retinal Abnormalities in Mutant Mice and Evaluate the Effects of Genetic and Pharmacological Manipulation.

Noninvasive ocular imaging platforms are undeniably useful in identifying retinal abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel method for integrating information acquired from two independent imaging platforms, AF-SLO and SDOCT, in order to demonstrate retinal perturbations as a result of genetic or pharmacological manipulation. Two cohorts of mice were investigated, Nyx nob and C57BL/6 J. In Nyx nob mice, SLO revealed an atypical but variable amount of autofluorescent foci (AFF); SDOCT showed altered photoreceptor outer segment architecture. Naive Nyx nob had significantly more AFF than C57BL/6 J, suggesting that Nyx nob have some predisposition for developing AFF. Interestingly, both findings were significantly ameliorated in diabetic Nyx nob mice as compared to the controls. These data were incorporated into a novel analysis plot comparing AF-SLO and SDOCT results. The integration of the qualitative changes and accompanying quantitative analysis approach described herein provide a sensitive means for detecting whether a mouse model is susceptible to degeneration before other hallmark indicators are observed.
Formation Damage by Inorganic Deposition

Abstract Formation damage, caused by inorganic deposition, mainly results from the precipitation of scales in the formation when reservoir conditions change or multiple incompatible streams of fluids mix. Solid-scale precipitation often occurs during waterflooding processes in which the injected water mixes with formation water in the formation. The management of scale and reducing scaling risk are multidiscipline tasks and this is something the industry struggles with. The risk of inorganic deposition has a higher impact on production facilities such as wellbore, pipeline, and separators than formation damage in the reservoir; however, this chapter is focused toward scaling in porous media, especially regions surrounding the wellbore. For convenience, inorganic depositional matters and scales are used interchangeably in this chapter.
Chromosome Breakage Syndromes

In humans, chromosome aberrations, including nondisjunction and structural changes, increase with age. Another factor determining the frequency of chromosome aberrations is the genotype of the individual, some persons showing considerably higher rates than others.
On a Standardized Measure of Substrate Uniformity

Thin film studies are now being carried out with a variety of relatively uniform substrates; exfoliated graphite powders and compacts, graphitized carbon black, lamellar halides, alkali halides, oxides, and others. These adsorbents, although quite uniform, are not ideal, for they have varying densities and types of imperfections. Their heterogeneity can be ignored for certain kinds of investigations, but are important in others, especially in the neighborhood of phase transitions, where the films may have divergent compressibilities. While it is obviously desirable to use the most uniform substrate in every experiment, other practical requirements usually demand a compromise, involving a less ideal adsorbent. The variety of adsorbents, coupled with the sensitivity of films to heterogeneity, creates a need for some common method for measuring and specifying the heterogeneity of every experimental adsorbent and installation. The measurement should be relatively simple to carry out and interpret, inexpensive and adaptable to all types of experimental system. It is proposed here that the vapor pressure isotherms of Kr at 77K, specifically the riser of the second atomic layer, can satisfy these requirements.
When is a Microemulsion a Microemulsion

Microemulsions are transparent liquids, which contain large amounts of water and hydrocarbons. They are stabilized by a surfactant or a combination of an ionic surfactant and a nonionic cosurfactant. They are distinguished from solutions because they contain droplets or long lived aggregates of colloidal size.
Some pitfalls in antisecretory drug trials. Subject selection, collection period, and daytime variation.

A standard anticholinergic drug was compared to a sustained-release preparation of the same agent. Two 6-hr. doses of glycopyrrolate were equivalent to one dose of a glycopyrrolate Extentab in suppressing basal gastric secretion in subjects with acid-peptic disease.
Reproducing hierarchies or resisting domination: exploring the gendering of technology spaces in the favelas

The relationships among gender, institutional structures, and their associated physical spaces are made visible with the deployment and diffusion of technologies within said spaces. As such, we see...
Defect-induced amorphization of crystalline silicon as a mechanism of disordered-region formation during ion implantation

An atomic-scale simulation study is presented which demonstrates that siliconamorphization during ion implantation can be caused by defect-induced collapseof the crystalline lattice. The amorphization threshold is calculated in termsof critical defect concentrations required to induce the amorphizationtransition at room temperature. These concentrations are found to be about28%, 20%, and 25% of self-interstitials, vacancies, or Frenkel pairs,respectively. These high defect densities are consistent with experimentalmeasurements in silicon self-implanted with high-energy ions. The structureof the defect-induced amorphous phases is similar to that of the bulkamorphous phase produced by rapid quenching of liquid silicon.
The effects of environmental factors on the patient outcomes in hospital environments: A review of literature

Abstract This study investigates the evidence supporting the impact of the built environment on the health outcomes for patients within the hospital setting. Improving the hospital environment may potentially impact the lives of millions of patients, patients' family, and staff. Prior research has suggested that the built environment can contribute to positive health outcomes. Reporting the most recent evidence may assist designers in making informed decisions. In this study, a literature review was conducted using the PICO framework within scientific databases and additional hand-searched documents. A total number of 15 articles were included. Effects of each environmental factor on patients' health outcomes were discussed in detail. Environmental factors that affect patient outcomes are (1) form, (2) unit layout, (3) floor material, (4) room features, (5) medical equipment visibility, (6) nature, (7) lighting, and (8) music. Although several studies have provided a high level of evidence, other studies have lacked a robust research design. Thus, evidence regarding several environmental factors is not conclusive. Additional studies using experimental/quasi-experimental research design have been suggested. In some studies, several environmental factors were introduced simultaneously which obscured the separate effects of each environmental factor.
Strategic Technology Planning in Product-Service Systems with Embedded Customer Experience Requirements

The undeniable impact of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of things on value proposition and offerings of firms, drive many strategic initiatives in organizations to design solutions which integrate products and services. Since designing Product-Service Systems inherently introduce high level of complexity and adding artificial intelligence requirements as one of the influential factors overcomplicate the long-term planning processes, the strategic planners seek for effective tools to enable them to manage the level of complexity as well as empowering them to communicate the outcomes with the whole organization. In order to achieve this purpose, Technology Roadmaps provides a structured and flexible means for designing product-service systems which can manage the advanced technologies such as connected and intelligence devices the core factors. This research focuses on designing new and customized process of technology planning via application of Technology Roadmapping methodology to design Product-Service Systems. In order to verify the model, a complex product-service system which includes interconnected devices (internet of things) with artificial intelligence enabled capabilities is strategically planned by the proposed model.
Decompression-Related Disorders

The physiological zone from sea level to 3048 m (10,000 ft.) encompasses the pressure to which humans are well adapted, although if appropriately acclimated, they can survive the summit of Earth’s highest mountain (Mt. Everest at 8850 m/29,028 ft.) without supplemental oxygen. At higher altitudes, artificial systems are required to supply needed oxygen and, eventually, sufficient ambient pressure. The most effective means of preventing physiological problems in aircraft and spacecraft is to provide cabin pressurization so that occupants are never exposed to pressures outside the physiological zone. Unfortunately, failure of structures, hardware, or procedures may lead to unwanted and hazardous decompression events. This chapter will review cabin pressurization schemes, events that might lead to loss of pressure, and the major medical concerns of decompression.
A Versatile Vector System for the Fast Generation of Knock-in Cell Lines with CRISPR

ABSTRACT Until recent advancements in genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 technology, understanding protein function typically involved artificially overexpressing proteins of interest. Despite that CRISPR/Cas9 has ushered in a new era of possibilities for modifying endogenous genes with labeling tags (knock-in) to more accurately study proteins under physiological conditions, the technique is largely underutilized due to its tedious, multi-step process. Here we outline a homologous recombination system (FAST-HDR) to be used in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 that significantly simplifies and accelerates this process while introducing multiplexing to allow live-cell studies of 3 endogenous proteins within the same cell line. Furthermore, the recombination vectors are assembled in a single reaction that is enhanced for eliminating false positives and reduces the overall creation time for the knockin cell line from ~8 weeks to
Screening for acquired latent tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients on tumor necrosis factor inhibition therapy in Southern California

There are no studies assessing the development of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFα-I) in high TB prevalence areas of the USA. Our objective was to assess the rate of LTBI development in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on TNFα-I therapies in San Bernardino and Riverside Counties of California, high TB prevalence areas in the US. Data were extracted from the electronic health record for 217 adult RA patients across three health centers from January 2010 to January 2017 who have had at least 1 year of TNFα-I use and negative initial QuantiFERON Gold status. Demographics, TNFα-I type, duration of use, TB risk factors, QuantiFERON results, rates of re-screening, TB test seroconversion, and its association with drug use and other factors were assessed. Of the 217 patients, 115 (53%) received baseline and annual screening for LTBI. LTBI was diagnosed in 9.4% (10) of patients. Four patients were on infliximab, three on golimumab, two on adalimumab, and one on etanercept. Hispanic patients tended to have a greater than 200% increase in odds of seroconversion compared to non-Hispanic patients. Infliximab and golimumab were associated with a 92% and 400% increase in odds of seroconversion, respectively. The LTBI developed in 9.4% of the patients. This is higher than what is reported for previous US studies. Screening for LTBI in the US should take into consideration TB prevalence, ethnicity, drug type, and duration of use. For our local population and similar populations, annual screening should be practiced.
Reactive remembrance: The political struggle over apologies and reparations between Germany and Namibia for the Herero genocide

States are under increasing normative pressure to acknowledge and atone for past human rights violations. However, more than one hundred years after German colonial authorities committed genocide a...
The management of knee gait problems in cerebral palsy

Gait problems in cerebral palsy patients are usually caused by spasticity or contracture of two joints muscles, and the imbalance between synergic muscles and antagonistic muscles.The knee problems are the most common seen in cerebral palsy patients.The paper discusses the common abnormalities of the knee in cerebral palsy and the development in treatment of the deformities. Key words: Cerebral palsy; Gait; Knee; Treatment
“No one would like to take a risk”: Multilingual students’ views on language mixing in academic writing

Abstract A significant number of studies have made advanced arguments for closing the gap between monolingual language and literacy pedagogy and multilingual classroom reality in higher education. Despite such theoretical advancement, studies that tap into views of the students on the very issue are just starting to appear. This study investigates perspectives of undergraduate international multilingual students on mixing languages in academic writing from a learner beliefs lens. All multilingual undergraduate students in a US university, my participants unhesitatingly mix languages in their daily communication. However, they believe that language mixing in formal writing is not a good choice because of four reasons. They see language mixing as: a. problem to the genre of academic writing itself; b. problem to the students themselves as their writing will be seen as deviant and assigned a low score; c. contradiction to the whole purpose of academic communication; and d. identity crisis to both people and languages. By highlighting emic views of the students, this study problematizes the arguments made by various theoretical studies.
Gender differences in plant use knowledge within a traditional fishing community in northeastern Brazil

Background: Understanding patterns in traditional plant use knowledge is crucial for assisting policy making with regard to nature conservation, human nutrition, human health, as well as educational and participatory processes in traditional communities. We aim to document and describe local ethnobotanical knowledge and test the hypothesis that gender structures the knowledge of plant use possessed by artisanal fishers in a fishing community in northeast Bahia, Brazil.Methods: Through semi-structured interviews and guided walks with traditional experts, we recorded the local knowledge of plant use with regard to medicine, food, wood and fibre, and ritualistic/religious practices. The data were analyzed using quantitative indices of use value (UV) and informant consensus factor (ICF), and gender differences in plant use knowledge was analyzed using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS ordination).Results: A total of 161 ethnospecies with local names were registered, including 122 species of plants from 52 botanical families based on scientific (academic) taxonomy, which were identified along with the plant parts used, habitats, and preparation methods. Female and male traditional experts possess a different set of plant use knowledge, with women generally citing more food and medicinal plants, and men citing more wood and fiber plants.Conclusions: Gender differences in plant use knowledge can be explained by the different occupations of the male and female traditional experts. The results of this study provide a framework for extending our ethnobotanical investigations to other traditional fishing communities, and also to examine other social and demographic factors influencing traditional knowledge related to plant use.Keywords: Artisanal fishers, Gender differences, Northeast Brazil, Plant uses, Traditional plant knowledge