cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential energy curves for Mo2: multi-component symmetry-projected Hartree–Fock and beyond

The molybdenum dimer is an example of a transition metal system with a formal sextuple bond that constitutes a challenging case for ab initio quantum chemistry methods. In particular, the complex binding pattern in the Mo2 molecule requires a high-quality description of non-dynamic and dynamic electron correlation in order to yield the correct shape of the potential energy curve. The present study examines the performance of a recently implemented multi-component symmetry projected Hartree–Fock (HF) approach. In this work, the spin and spatial symmetries of a trial wavefunction written in terms of non-orthogonal Slater determinants are deliberately broken and then restored in a variation-after-projection framework. The resulting symmetry-projected HF wavefunctions, which possess well-defined quantum numbers, can account for static and some dynamic correlations. A single symmetry-projected configuration in a D∞hS-UHF or a D∞hKS-UHF framework offers a reasonable description of the potential energy curve of ...
Tracheid diameter is the key trait determining the extent of freezing-induced embolism in conifers.

Summary We tested the hypotheses that freezing-induced embolism is related to conduit diameter, and that conifers and angiosperms with conduits of equivalent diameter will exhibit similar losses of hydraulic conductivity in response to freezing. We surveyed the freeze–thaw response of conifers with a broad range of tracheid diameters by subjecting wood segments (root, stem and trunk wood) to a freeze–thaw cycle at –0.5 MPa in a centrifuge. Embolism increased as mean tracheid diameter exceeded 30 µm. Tracheids with a critical diameter greater than 43 µm were calculated to embolize in response to freezing and thawing at a xylem pressure of –0.5 MPa. To confirm that freezing-induced embolism is a function of conduit air content, we air-saturated stems of Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (mean conduit diameter 13.7 ± 0.7 µm) by pressurizing them 1 to 60 times above atmospheric pressure, prior to freezing and thawing. The air saturation method simulated the effect of increased tracheid size because the degree of super-saturation is proportional to a tracheid volume holding an equivalent amount of dissolved air at ambient pressure. Embolism increased when the dissolved air content was equivalent to a mean tracheid diameter of 30 µm at ambient air pressure. Our centrifuge and air-saturation data show that conifers are as vulnerable to freeze–thaw embolism as angiosperms with equal conduit diameter. We suggest that the hydraulic conductivity of conifer wood is maximized by increasing tracheid diameters in locations where freezing is rare. Conversely, the narrowing of tracheid diameters protects against freezing-induced embolism in cold climates.
Birds of a Feather or Fish Out of Water? Policewomen Taking Rape Reports

Police departments and victim advocacy organizations are gendered institutions. In addition, rape is a gendered crime with most victims being female and most perpetrators male. On the job, female o...
Policy-Aware Topologies for Efficient Inter-Domain Routing Evaluations

The Internet community has not reached a consensus on an appropriate topological model for evaluating the performance of inter-domain routing protocols. Using the current Internet topology is not realistic, since its size is prohibitively large for, say, a packet-level BGP simulation. Furthermore, routing policies, which play a critical role in inter-domain routing, are often ignored in many simulation studies. In this paper, we address this issue by designing an algorithm to generate small-scale, realistic, and policy-aware topologies. We propose HBR, a network sampling method, which produces topologies that preserve the fundamental properties of the Internet graph, including, in particular, its hierarchical structure. Our approach provides a long-term solution to the difficult problem of AS-level routing evaluations: it can be used to generate small realistic topologies in the future, starting from any newer or more complete Internet instance.
Overrepresentation of Minority Students The Case for Greater Specificity or Reconsideration of the Variables Examined

The topic of overrepresentation certainly commands attention in the literature on “judgmental categories” of disability (e.g., ‘learning disabilities, mild mental retardation), yet the evidence reported to date bearing on the issue are less than precise. Clearly, the issue is broader than simple overrepresentation, given that far more egregious examples of overrepresentation in Head Start and Chapter I have yet to be criticized, let alone taken to court. In this article the authors distinguish between the percentage of category or program by group and percentage of group in category or program which provide quite different perspectives. Futhermore, the authors caution drawing causal inferences from what are descriptive data relating “race/ethnicity” to “placement in disability category.” Caution is in order because the data reported by OCR represent aggregated data on race/ethnicity from sources that use different approaches to recording a child's race, fail to account for biracial children, and fail to c...
Internationalizing A Business School Program: A Descriptive Study Of A Strategic Implementation Process Of Internationalization

The purpose of this study is to explain the process that a small private business school with limited resources and no prior experience took to internationalize its business school program. The extent of this globalization project was not limited to just revising, initiating, and enhancing its course offerings for accounting, business administration and economics major but it also included a plan to provide additional Study Abroad opportunities for its business students, to develop collaborative partnerships with the Spanish foreign language faculty, and to increase educational programs to the outside business communities. All of these will be briefly explained because this globalization process would be incomplete without their inclusion; however, the focus of this particular study will concentrate on the internationalization of the business school curriculum.
Chinese Event Coreference Resolution: Understanding the State of the Art

Given the relatively small amount of work on event coreference resolution, our understanding of the task is arguably fairly limited. This makes it difficult to determine how to improve an event coreference resolver. We seek to gain a better understanding of the state of the art in event coreference resolution by performing the first publicly available analysis of a Chinese event coreference resolver.
Antarctica: Global Science from a Frozen Continent

In 1985 Pergamon Press published a volume on Antarctica, edited by David Walton and Nigel Bonner, in its series entitled “Key Environments.” The audience was envisioned to include “academic biologi...
Evaluating Transfer Regulations

When a federal regulatory agency issues a major regulation, the agency usually must provide an analysis of the anticipated costs and monetized benefits. Yet there is a large category of regulations that has escaped such scrutiny: so-called "transfer" regulations that determine how money and other benefits are distributed to statutory beneficiaries. This is unfortunate because cost-effectiveness analysis can offer insight into whether the programs are having the desired effect and whether they can be improved.
Melting and Liquid Crystals in Two Dimensions

The consequences of a dislocation-mediated theory of two-dimensional melting have been worked out for triangular lattices. Dissociation of dislocation pairs first drives a transition into a “hexatic” liquid crystal phase with exponential decay of translational order, but power law decay of six-fold orientational order. A subsequent dissociation of disclination pairs at a higher temperature then produces an isotropic fluid. Physical systems where the theory may be applicable include phase transitions in suspended smectic films and melting of the recently observed two-dimensional solid formed by electrons on a liquid helium surface. Light-scattering is potentially a very useful probe in the latter case, as the electron lattice spacing is comparable to the wavelength of light. Light scattering is also useful in liquid crystal-films if tilted molecules lead to a local birefringence of the film. We discuss the possible phases when both solidification and tilt transitions occur.
Motor Pathway Injury with Periventricular Leukomalacia and Spastic Diplegia

The relationship between motor pathway injury and motor impairment was investigated by voxelwise correlation analysis in 43 patients (median age 12 years) with periventricular leucomalacia and spastic diplegia at Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
The Development of a Species of Coprinus

Schmitz (1842), Hoffmann (1861-1865), de Bary (1866), Brefeld (1877), Levine (1914, 1922), Atkinson (1916), Kiihner (1926), and Chow (1931, 1932, 1934) have repoited developmental studies of species of Coprinus. All of these have agreed that the hymenium is endogenous in origin, that the pilear and stipe primordia are differentiated almost simultaneously very early in development, and in several other details of considerable importance. Reports as to the formation of an annular prelamellar cavity and as to the manner of origin of primary and secondary lamellae differ so greatly, however, that further evidence is required before any claim can be held substantiated. The proper interpretation of these developmental processes is necessary so that a safer basis may be provided for phylogenetic considerations of the Agaricaceae. In this paper the writer records observations on the development of a species of Coprimues not previously studied, and in this connection particular attention is given to those details in development over which controversy has arisen.
Improved Performance of Ultrathin Cu(InGa)Se $_{\bf 2}$ Solar Cells With a Backwall Superstrate Configuration

A backwall superstrate device structure that outperforms conventional substrate Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 devices for thin absorbers is described. The backwall structure of glass/ITO/MoO 3 /Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 /CdS/i-ZnO/Ag utilizes a MoO 3 transparent back contact to allow illumination of the device from the back. The device performance has been improved by modifying the Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 , including alloying with Ag to form (AgCu)(InGa)Se 2 absorber layers. In addition, sulfized back contacts including ITO-S and MoS 2 are compared. Interface properties are discussed based on the XPS analysis and thermodynamics of reactions.
Microeconometrics: Nonlinear Panel Models

Introduction This chapter extends the linear model panel data methods of Chapters 21 and 22 to the nonlinear regression models presented in Chapters 14–20. We focus on short panels and models with a time-invariant individual-specific effect that may be fixed or may be random. Both static and dynamic models are considered. There is no one-size-fits-all prescription for nonlinear models with individual specific effects. If individual-specific effects are fixed and the panel is short then consistent estimation of the slope parameters is possible for only a subset of nonlinear models. If individual-specific effects are instead purely random then consistent estimation is possible for a wide range of models. Section 23.2 presents general approaches that may or may not be implementable for particular models. Section 23.3 provides an application to a nonlinear model with multiplicative individual-specific effects. Specializations to the leading classes of nonlinear models – discrete data, selection models, transition data, and count data – are presented in Sections 23.4–23.7. Semiparametric estimation is surveyed in Section 23.8. General Results General approaches to extending the methods for linear models are presented in this section. We first present the various models – fixed effects, random effects, and pooled models, distinguishing parametric from conditional mean models. Methods to estimate these models and obtain panel-robust standard errors are then presented. Further details for specific nonlinear panel models are provided in subsequent sections.
Adaptation to Hypocapnia and its Role in Adaptation to Hypoxia

My interest in acclimatization to hypocapnia or chronic low \(\text{PA}_{\text{CO}_\text{2} }\) arose as a byproduct of my long interest in acclimatization to high altitude hypoxia, one of the two most common causes of chronic hypocapnia. (The other is pregnancy.) I used to think that the ventilatory aspects of acclimatization to high altitude simply represented ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypocapnia. The latter would be produced by the hyperventilation resulting from hypoxic stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors. This is a very old idea, certainly not original with me. The best evidence for it came from the classic studies of Brown, Hemingway, and Visscher [1950], who showed that 24 hr of passive hyperventilation in a body respirator caused a readjustment in the regulation of breathing such that the \(\text{PA}_{\text{CO}_\text{2} }\) was regulated at a lower level when spontaneous breathing was resumed. Such a shift in the regulation of Pco2 has become the classic sign of ventilatory acclimatization to hypocapnia, my subject for today. Since hypoxia stimulates hyperventilation and would produce chronic hypocapnia, it was thought that the shift in regulation of CO2 at altitude was simply the experiment of Brown et al., with hypoxia taking the role of the respirator. About a decade ago I wrote a review (KELLOGG [I960]) that strongly supported this view, and I have been forced to change my mind. I propose today to review the evidence that has changed my thinking.
Study on optimizing technology of particle system

This paper analyzed and summarized the primary factors that influenced real-time performance of particle system,it concluded and put forward optimizing methods.Firstly,for improving protraction efficiency,it could adopt show-list,billboarding technology,geometrical body optimizing,multilevel particle system.Secondly,for reducing calculating complexity,it could adopt collision checking and disposal optimizing,storage mode optimizing,movement course optimizing,linearity list,local force field.Thirdly,for reducing particle quantity,it could adopt structural particle,LOD technology,fake particle system and so on.In the end,some of the above technologies were applied in soil visual based on particle system.The result indicates that it is simple and practical and system is speed up to sixty point two percent averagely.
Analysis on Operation and Use of Electromagnetic Velocity Transducer

The paper describes the structure,basic working principles and operation characteristics of electromagnetic velocity transducers in electric power system.It analyzes the problems in the field installation and use,presents the considerations for verification and calibration and puts forward the improvement methods for installation,repair,operation and maintenance management in order to enhance the output signal accuracy and operation reliability of this type of transducers.
Responsiveness of isolated adrenocortical cells from lean and obese Zucker rats to ACTH.

Morning plasma corticosterone concentrations have been reported to be elevated in obese Zucker rats compared with lean rats. The aim of this study was to determine if differences in adrenal sensitivity or maximal responsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-(1-24) could account for this disparity. Serum and adrenal glands were collected from lean and obese, male and female Zucker rats (10-13 wk old) between 10:00 and 11:00 A.M. Adrenocortical cells were isolated and challenged with ACTH-(1-24). The serum corticosterone and ACTH concentrations were significantly greater in obese males compared with lean males (45.3 +/- 10.3 vs. 23.2 +/- 1.45 ng/ml and 156.6 +/- 15.3 vs. 113.3 +/- 9.4 pg/ml, respectively). Although serum corticosterone concentrations were similar in female rats, serum ACTH concentrations tended (P = 0.07) to be lower in obese female rats than in lean female rats (67.6 +/- 9.3 vs. 103.5 +/- 15.1 pg/ml, respectively). The median effective concentration (EC50) and the maximal corticosterone response per microgram of DNA of dose-response curves derived from lean and obese rats were not significantly different. Additionally, a morphometric evaluation of adrenal tissue from lean and obese rats suggested that cells of the zona glomerulosa were smaller in obese rats than in lean rats. Our data confirm that morning serum corticosterone concentrations are elevated in 10- to 13-wk-old male Zucker rats. This difference does not appear to be due to differences in the sensitivity or maximal secreting capacity of adrenocortical cells to ACTH.
Advantages and disadvantages of combining poison control and drug information centers

The advantages and disadvantages of combining poison control and drug information centers are discussed. A major advantage of combining programs is a reduction in the overall cost of operation. Combined programs can share personnel, information resources, and sometimes space and utility charges. Combining programs can give the drug information service easier access to and justification for improved communication equipment and data-management equipment, and if it has an all-pharmacist staff, it can provide around-the-clock services. Combining programs can give the poison control service speedy access to the literature searching and evaluation skills of the drug-information specialist. One disadvantage, however, of a single staff providing both services, is that the staff may never achieve maximum skills in either discipline. Also, "jurisdictional" disputes can arise if there are two separate staffs. The more emergent nature of poison information requests may impair the efficiency of the drug-information component. The 24-hour expectation of drug information services can also place pressure on the poison information providers. The advantages of combining poison control and drug information services outweigh the disadvantages.
Marrying across Class Lines

Even when married couples think childhood class differences are in the past, those factors shape how each spouse tackles tasks and allocates resources.
Nonlinear Interactions in Indium Antimonide

The investigation of the phenomenon of laser-induced breakdown in a semiconductor is important for high power laser optics. Traditionally, the emphasis was on the measurement of the damage thresholds and its scaling with respect to pulse area, duration and other laser parameters. We have performed some experimental investigations on the prebreakdown stage. The interaction of a strong laser field with a semiconducting material below the breakdown threshold is important not only to the breakdown process, but is also interesting fundamentally because of the high nonlinearities involved. Incidentally, of more practical interest, this is the intensity region where most of the laser processing of semiconducting materials are performed.
Optimal adjustment of ACI formula for shrinkage of concrete containing pozzolans

Abstract Very few models have been developed to estimate shrinkage of concrete containing pozzolans, and most existing models (particularly the ACI model) are not calibrated with pozzolanic concrete. This paper presents an improvement of the ACI model for shrinkage of concrete containing three types of pozzolans including silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), and slag (SL). A comprehensive database is collected from the literature to cover a wide range of mixture components and mix proportions. In particular, to capture the effect of the dosage and type of each pozzolan, the time function in the ACI model is modified and a new correction factor associated with compressive strength is added. The model parameters in the modified time function and the new correction factor are assessed using a computational intelligence method called particle swarm optimization. The results of several statistical indicators show better prediction performance for the modified ACI model (M-ACI) than the original ACI formula.
Role of Silicon in Diatom Metabolism

The in vivo uptake of 31Si-silicic acid and 68Ge-germanic acid by cell organelles of Nitzschia alba Lewin and Lewin and Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin was demonstrated. The organelles were isolated by fractionation of pre-labeled cells by differential centrifugation in 0.4 M sucrose medium. Electron micrographs showed that the isolated organelles were intact, with the exception of the N. alba mitochondria which appeared swollen and the C. fusiformis chloroplasts which had ruptured outer membranes and lacked stroma material. The amount of 31Si or 68Ge per mg protein of the subcellular fractions decreased in the following general order for both organisms: cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vesicles, and microsomes. A portion of the 31Si or 68Ge in the organelle fractions could be extracted into a distilled water wash. The uptake of silicon by the organelles suggests that silicon may be involved in some processes of the compartmentalized systems of the cell.
Care of the Transgender Child and Adolescent

Transgender and gender non-conforming individuals are becoming increasingly visible in our society. Because they turn to physicians for assistance in transitioning as well as for their routine health care, it is important that gynecologists be knowledgeable resources and advocates. Updates on emerging long-term outcomes following early treatment of transgender adolescents are reviewed. Current guidelines for puberty suppression and gender-affirming hormone therapy are outlined. We emphasize providing a welcoming clinical environment and continued awareness of the mental healthcare challenges of transgender youth. Care of the transgender child and adolescent is a growing and changing field. This paper offers a basic resource for current guidelines and recent evidence. Long-term data is minimal and we expect this literature to continue to expand.
Dietary Supplement Use Was Very High among Older Adults in the United States in 2011–2014

Background: Dietary supplements (DSs) have the potential to be both beneficial and harmful to health, especially in adults aged ≥60 y, and therefore it is important to monitor the patterns of their use.Objective: This study evaluated DS use by adults aged ≥60 y to characterize the use of DSs, determine the motivations for use, and examine the associations between the use of DSs and selected demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics.Methods: Data from 3469 older adults aged ≥60 y from the 2011-2014 NHANES were analyzed. DSs used in the past 30 d were ascertained via an interviewer-administered questionnaire in participants' homes. The prevalence of overall DS use and specific types of DSs were estimated. The number of DSs reported and the frequency, duration, and motivation(s) for use were assessed. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between DS use and selected characteristics.Results: Seventy percent of older adults in the United States reported using ≥1 DS in the past 30 d; 54% of users took 1 or 2 products, and 29% reported taking ≥4 products. The most frequently reported products were multivitamin or mineral (MVM) (39%), vitamin D only (26%), and omega-3 fatty acids (22%). Women used DSs almost twice as often as men [adjusted OR (aOR), 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.3). Those not reporting prescription medications were less likely to take a DS than those reporting ≥3 prescription medications (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.6). The most frequently reported motivation for DS use was to improve overall health (41%).Conclusions: Use of DSs among older adults continues to be high in the United States, with 29% of users regularly taking ≥4 DSs, and there is a high concurrent usage of them with prescription medications.
Anterior Urethral Laceration from a Human Bite.

Author(s): Shirk, Chadwick; Eilbert, Wesley | Abstract: Isolated anterior urethral injuries in males related to sexual activity have rarely been reported. Human bites to the penis are also rarely discussed in the medical literature. We report an isolatedanterior urethral laceration in a male caused by a biting injury sustained during fellatio.
The Influence of Exercise Empowerment on Life Stress

Background: Psychological stress – when an individual perceives that the environment exceeds their ability to meet the demands placed on them - is common in college students and exercise, and specifically instructional physical activity courses, is frequently cited as a one method of stress reduction. Objective: Determine any relationship between exercise empowerment and perceived life stress for those participating in instructional physical activity courses (IPAC). Methods: All undergraduate students (n = 3388) enrolled in IPAC in 15-week IPAC at a large university were surveyed on perceived life stress (PSS), empowerment in exercise (EES), and specific demographic variables. Results: 944 of 3388 enrolled students (Nov. 2015, April 2016) completed the survey. The data revealed GPA (p < 0.002), sex (p < 0.000), and EES (p < 0.001) showed differences for PSS. It was determined that EES, sex, and GPA predicted PSS differently for students according to their year in college. Conclusions: For freshman and seniors, sex and lower GPA were a stronger predictor of PSS with no mitigating effect of exercise empowerment. For sophomores and juniors the level of life stress was lower at higher levels of exercise empowerment. These findings support a complex relationship between exercise empowerment and life stress. While exercise is cited as a method for stress reduction the relationship between exercise empowerment and life stress for college-aged students is not as straightforward as it may seem.
Analysis of retreatment after radiotherapy for bone metastasis at a safety net hospital.

223Background: The effectiveness of single fraction radiotherapy in the treatment of bone metastasis is firmly established by multiple prospective randomized controlled trials. These trials have al...
How Cryo-EM Became so Hot

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson for "developing cryoelectron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Achieving this goal, which required innovation, persistence, and uncommon physical insight, has broadened horizons for structural studies in molecular and cell biology.
Optical coherence tomography for skin pathologies

Die optische Koharenztomographie (OCT) hat in der Dermatologie erst seit wenigen Jahren ihren Einzug in die Routinediagnostik genommen. Der Grund hierfur ist, dass die Haut fur die OCT trotz ihrer einfachen Zuganglichkeit als stark streuendes Medium eine Herausforderung darstellt, weil nur ein sehr geringer Anteil der Photonen zuruckreflektiert wird und zur Bildgebung genutzt werden kann. In den meisten Fallen ist zudem eine Blickdiagnose oder eine Biopsieentnahme ausreichend. Dennoch ist das Haupteinsatzgebiet der OCT in der Dermatologie die Diagnostik epithelialer Hauttumoren. Hier eignet sich die OCT zur Fruherkennung kleinster, klinisch und auflichtmikroskopisch unspezifischer Basalzellkarzinome ebenso wie zur Differenzialdiagnose zu anderen Tumoren und Prakanzerosen. Mit der OCT sind eine praoperative Messung der Tumorausdehnung, eine Verlaufsbeobachtung und insbesondere eine Therapiekontrolle bei nichtchirurgischen Verfahren moglich. In vielen Fallen kann so auf eine Biopsie und histologische Kontrolle verzichtet werden. Die dynamische OCT ist eine Weiterentwicklung, mit der die oberflachlichen Blutgefase der Haut visualisiert und quantifiziert werden konnen. Erste Studien fokussieren sich auf die Untersuchung von Tumorgefasen, Wundheilung und Therapieeffekte von Lasertherapien. In der Ophthalmologie kann die OCT-Diagnostik von Basalzellkarzinomen am Lidrand ebenso wie zur Planung und Kontrolle von Lideingriffen von Interesse sein.
Hospice and Healthcare Reform: What Is the Optimal Path?

There is fairly universal support for improving access to high quality hospice care. Hospice is a model of health care consistent with the country’s stated healthcare reform goals: hospice is person centered, uses a multidisciplinary care team, is coordinated across settings, reduces unnecessary hospitalizations, and saves healthcare dollars. There is considerable debate, however, regarding the optimal policy and regulatory mechanisms for achieving greater access to hospice care. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the history of the hospice movement in the United States in order to provide a background in understanding the origins of the Medicare Hospice Benefit (MHB). We then discuss the target population for hospice care and the implications of expanding the MHB eligibility criteria including the likely economic consequences of these policy initiatives. We present a review of existing evidence regarding new models of care for providing hospice services that are emerging throughout the country. We conclude with a detailed discussion of what we consider actionable policy steps to increase access to and use of hospice in the United States.
Sensory, gastric, and enteroendocrine effects of carbohydrates, fat, and protein on appetite

Abstract Carbohydrate, fat, and protein have each been reported as the most satiating macronutrient. However, rarely is one macronutrient consumed in isolation, and the effects of each are context dependent. Effects in the oral, gastric, and intestinal phases of digestion of the macronutrients are reviewed in the context of their effects on appetite. Because all phases act synergistically, it is difficult to conclude that any one system or any one macronutrient is best for controlling appetite. Independent of other health concerns related to ingestion of specific macronutrients, dietary recommendations targeted to individual preferences will likely be most effective for weight and appetite management as they will enhance compliance with a given dietary recommendation.
Kirchhoff Paradigm over Curved Manifolds

Pioneered by Alfred Fettweis, a methodology of mapping linear and nonlinear problems of physical origin to multidimensional continuous domain Kirchhoff circuits, that he called the Kirchhoff Paradigm, enjoyed remarkable success. While it is known that a large variety of physical problems including those described by the nonlinear fluid dynamical equations e.g., the Navier-Stokes equation yields to this analysis, an open-ended goal of this research program had been to demonstrate that most problems with origin in (classical) physics can be modeled in this way. In this paper, it is shown by assembling a number of already known results that the methodology, in fact, applies to problems defined over curvilinear manifolds as well. Following Alfred Fettweis' suggestions the paper thus presents an argument in favor of the potential of Kirchhoff paradigm for modeling problems in which relativistic considerations must be taken into account.
Tris(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)phosphine selenide

The title compound C21H21O3PSe, is comprised of a P atom in a distorted tetra­hedral environment, attached to the selenium atom and three carbons from the phenyl rings. The phospho­rus–selenium bond length is 2.1194 (11) A. All three meth­oxy groups are nearly co-planar with their respective phenyl rings, with the angles between the phenyl ring and the C—O bond of the meth­oxy groups being 6.2 (2), 3.1 (2), and 5.7 (2)°. The torsion angles of the phenyl rings relative to the P=Se bond are 55.84 (19), 176.18 (16), and 63.9 (2)°. No strong inter­actions were observed, but in addition to van der Waals forces, there are close contacts between C—H⋯π and C—H⋯Se.
Success and Failure in Time-Limited Psychotherapy: A Systematic Comparison of Two Cases: Comparison 2

• This is the second article in a series comparing two patients treated in time-limited individual psychotherapy by a professional therapist in the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Project. The patients were two young men suffering from anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. One of the patients was a success case, the other a therapeutic failure. In addition to a variety of change measures, all tape-recorded therapy sessions were subjected to intensive study. Results showed that the outcome of psychotherapy depends markedly on the patient's ability to form a productive working relationship with the therapist early in therapy. Conversely, deep-seated characterological problems, manifesting themselves particularly in negativism, hostility, and other resistances, may give rise to insurmountable barriers resulting in negative therapeutic outcomes. The therapist's attitudes toward the patient and technical skill obviously play a part, but they appear to be overshadowed by the foregoing patient variables.
Inawendiwin and Relational Accountability in Anishnaabeg Studies: The Crux of the Biscuit

Researchers working with Indigenous nations often recognize the need to build respectful relationships with nation representatives, but too often assume that everyone has the same understandings of respect and accountability. Relational accountability, an ethical guideline for conducting research with Indigenous nation partners, references the kincentric beliefs among many Indigenous Peoples. It implies that researchers are responsible for nurturing honorable relationships with community collaborators and are accountable to the entirety of the community in which they work, potentially including collaborators' more-than-human network of relations. This research examines relational accountability in ethnobiology and other research contexts, with a focus on work within Anishnaabe territories. Anishnaabe inawendiwin, a teaching about kinship, provides a path for centering research ethics and praxis in Anishnaabe ways of knowing and being. Anishnaabe inawendiwin urges us to remain committed to Indigenous nation partners regardless of budgets and beyond research grant timelines; to attend to accountabilities towards more-than-human communities; to foster loving, personal relationships with research partners; and to involve youth genuinely in the partnerships.
Beginning to Understand the Cost-effectiveness of Andexxa

**Introduction:** Tens of thousands of patients die of major life-threatening bleeds every year while taking direct factor Xa inhibitors, a class of anticoagulant medications that until now had no reversal agent. In May 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved andexanet alfa (Andexxa), the first known reversal agent for a subset of direct factor Xa inhibitors. It has been reported to substantially reduce mortality rates for patients who experience a major bleed while taking rivaroxaban or apixaban. Andexxa is costly, however, ranging between US $24,750 and $49,500 for treatment. **Methods:** To explore the cost-effectiveness of Andexxa, a Markov model was generated using existing Andexxa trial data and related literature. Multiple 1-way and 2-way sensitivity analyses were also constructed to delineate the impact Andexxa would need to have on mortality rates and health-related quality of life to meet the willingness-to-pay thresholds ranging between $50,000 and $150,000. The model included a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 65 years at an increased risk of stroke due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and with no contraindication to anticoagulation. **Results:** The Markov model showed that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Andexxa over the standard of care is $211,056 for an intracranial hemorrhage and $40,718 for a gastrointestinal bleed. Sensitivity analyses further indicated that while Andexxa may be cost-effective to treat gastrointestinal bleeds, medication trial data will likely need to show significant impact on a patient’s quality of life and relative risk of death following an intracranial bleed to be cost-effective. **Discussion:** Although the application of these findings is restricted due to limited trial data, beginning to understand the cost-effectiveness of Andexxa provides policymakers important insight into the economic value of the intervention.
Is it the Person or the Place? A Meta-Analytic Test of the Antecedents of Workplace Incivility

The current meta-analysis sought to summarize the empirical evidence on the antecedents of workplace incivility and was guided by two theoretical explanations of the occurrence of incivility. The f...
Introduction to functionality-enhanced devices

For more than four decades, the semiconductor industry answered the demand for an increasingly higher level of integration and performance by following Moore's law [1], which predicts that the number of transistors and thus the complexity of circuits that can be integrated economically doubles every 18-24 months. Moore's law led us today to manufactured devices with dimensions of few tens of nanometers [2-5]. However, while the reduction of device dimensions increases the computing density, i.e., the maximal possible number of computations per unit area and time, the research community commonly admits that Moore's law is at its twilight and that innovations are required toward a more sustainable route [6-8].
Climate Change and the Voiceless: Protecting Future Generations, Wildlife, and Natural Resources

Future generations, wildlife, and natural resources - collectively referred to as 'the voiceless' in this work - are the most vulnerable and least equipped populations to protect themselves from the impacts of global climate change. While domestic and international law protections are beginning to recognize rights and responsibilities that apply to the voiceless community, these legal developments have yet to be pursued in a collective manner and have not been considered together in the context of climate change and climate justice. In Climate Change and the Voiceless, Randall S. Abate identifies the common vulnerabilities of the voiceless in the Anthropocene era and demonstrates how the law, by incorporating principles of sustainable development, can evolve to protect their interests more effectively. This work should be read by anyone interested in how the law can be employed to mitigate the effects of climate change on those who stand to lose the most.
Efficient Li–CO2 Batteries with Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets on Carbon Nanotubes as a Catalyst

Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2-NS) are employed as a bifunctional carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) decomposition catalyst in Li–CO2 batteries. Li–CO2 cells built...
A Novel Current Control Strategy Based on Harmonic Voltage Injection for Power Losses Reduction of PMSMs with Non-Sinusoidal Back-EMF

In terms of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) design, high power density and a low manufacturing cost can be achieved by sacrificing sinusoidal back-EMF. Those machines suffer from higher torque ripple due to the flux harmonics. Additionally, the non-sinusoidal back-EMF introduces current harmonics in the case where the conventional d-q axis current controller is adopted. This introduces additional copper losses in machine stator windings and conduction losses in inverter switches. A novel current control strategy based on harmonic voltage injection is presented for PMSMs with non-sinusoidal back-EMF to reduce the copper losses due to harmonic current components in a high speed region. Based on the harmonic back-EMF information of the machine, the harmonic voltages are injected to cancel out the harmonic components in the back-EMF waveforms so that machine current can be controlled with lower THD and copper losses. This method can be easily applied to the conventional PI current controller without non-sinusoidal coordinate transformation.
Analysis of Covariance in Randomized Experiments with Heterogeneity of Regression and a Random Covariate: The Variance of the Estimated Treatment Effect at Selected Covariate Values

Researchers detecting heterogeneity of regression in a treatment outcome study including a covariate and random assignment to groups often want to investigate the simple treatment effect at the sample grand mean of the covariate and at points one standard deviation above and below that mean. The estimated variances of the simple treatment effect that have traditionally been used in such tests were derived under the assumption that the covariate values were fixed constants. We derive results appropriate for a two-group experiment that instead presume the covariate is a normally distributed random variable. A simulation study is used to confirm the validity of the analytical results and to compare error estimates and confidence intervals based on these results with those based on assuming a fixed covariate. Discrepancies between estimates for fixed and random covariates of the variability of treatment effects can be substantial. However, in situations where the extent of heterogeneity of regression is like that typically reported, presuming the covariate is random rather than fixed will generally result in only a modest increase in estimated standard errors, and in some circumstances can even result in a smaller estimated standard error. We illustrate the new methods with an empirical data set.
Impact of Standardized Prescribing Guidelines on Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions after Ophthalmic Surgery.

Purpose To determine the effect of implementing standardized opioid prescribing guidelines on prescription patterns for acute pain after ophthalmic surgery in opioid-naive patients. Design Quality improvement study. Participants Ophthalmic surgeons in an academic department of ophthalmology. Methods Postoperative opioid prescribing patterns were compared before and after the implementation of standardized opioid prescribing guidelines for ophthalmic surgery at an academic institution. Only prescriptions provided to opioid-naive patients 18 years of age or older were included. Surgeons reached a consensus for standardized prescribing guidelines appropriate for the type of surgery within their subspecialty. Guidelines were disseminated in conjunction with postsurgical pain management education to all ophthalmologists in the department, including trainees. The frequency of opioid prescriptions, the quantity of opioid prescribed (converted to oral morphine equivalent [OME]), and opioid prescription refill rates were compared before and after intervention. Main Outcome Measures Prescriptions with more than 80 OME, frequency of opioid prescriptions, mean OME, and refill rates. Results Of 5349 ophthalmic surgeries performed during the 2 assessment periods, 196 (3.7%) were associated with opioid prescriptions for acute postoperative pain. The frequency of opioid prescriptions decreased to 3.0% (81/2736) after intervention compared with 4.4% (115/2613) before intervention (P = 0.005). When opioids were prescribed, the mean OME decreased from 93 (range, 27–500) before intervention to 42 (range, 14–100) after intervention (P = 0.003). The number of prescriptions for more than 80 OME decreased from 56 (2.1%) before intervention to 4 (0.1%) after intervention (P Conclusions The process of discussing postsurgical pain management and developing standardized opioid prescribing guidelines reduces overprescribing of opioids after ophthalmic surgery without increasing refill rates. Continued education is required to improve adherence to the prescribing guidelines further.
Polymer/nanofiller composites

This chapter firstly summarized the recent utilization of different kinds of nanofillers with various functionalities and morphologies and their surface modification methods in dielectric composites. Besides using fillers to increase k of polymer composites, a new design concept, in which the introduction of nano filler with a moderate k and a wide bandgap to inhibit the leakage current and reduce energy loss, is highlighted. Second, the recent progress on the polymer/ nanofiller composite films with heterogeneous and electrically topologic structures beyond simple 0-3 composites is described and discussed. The design paradigm aims to currently improve k value and breakdown strength of the resulting polymer/ nanofiller composites through the elegant combination of different polymers and/or fillers with complementary functionalities. The control of the organic -inorganic interface properties allows tailoring of the physical and chemical compatibility of the filler and polymer phases. The architecture of topologically arranged nanofillers induces anisotropic dielectric responses and electric field distributions in the polymer/nanofiller composites.
Marked differences in local bone remodeling in response to different marrow stimulation techniques in a large animal

Abstract Marrow stimulation, including subchondral drilling and microfracture, is the most commonly performed cartilage repair strategy, whereby the subchondral bone plate is perforated to release marrow-derived cells into a cartilage defect to initiate repair. Novel scaffolds and therapeutics are being designed to enhance and extend the positive short-term outcomes of this marrow stimulation. However, the translation of these newer treatments is hindered by bony abnormalities, including bone resorption, intralesional osteophytes, and bone cysts, that can arise after marrow stimulation. In this study, three different marrow stimulation approaches — microfracture, subchondral drilling, and needle-puncture – were evaluated in a translationally relevant large animal model, the Yucatan minipig. The objective of this study was to determine which method of marrow access (malleted awl, drilled Kirschner wire, or spring-loaded needle) best preserved the underlying subchondral bone. Fluorochrome labels were injected at the time of surgery and 2 weeks post-surgery to capture bone remodeling over the first 4 weeks. Comprehensive outcome measures included cartilage indentation testing, histological grading, microcomputed tomography, and fluorochrome imaging. Our findings indicated that needle-puncture devices best preserved the underlying subchondral bone relative to other marrow access approaches. This may relate to the degree of bony compaction occurring with marrow access, as the Kirschner wire approach, which consolidated bone most, induced the most significant bone damage with marrow stimulation. This study provides basic science evidence in support of updated marrow stimulation techniques for preclinical and clinical practice.
Defining a trend for time series using the intrinsic time-scale decomposition

We propose criteria that define a trend for time series with inherent multi-scale features. We call this trend the tendency of a time series. The tendency is defined empirically by a set of criteria and captures the large-scale temporal variability of the original signal as well as the most frequent events in its histogram. Among other properties, the tendency has a variance no larger than that of the original signal; the histogram of the difference between the original signal and the tendency is as symmetric as possible; and with reduced complexity, the tendency captures essential features of the signal. To find the tendency we first use the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) of the signal, introduced in 2007 by Frei and Osorio, to produce a set of candidate tendencies. We then apply the criteria to each of the candidates to single out the one that best agrees with them. While the criteria for the tendency are independent of the signal decomposition scheme, it is found that the ITD is a simple and stable methodology, well suited for multi-scale signals. The ITD is a relatively new decomposition and little is known about its outcomes. In this study we take the first steps towards a probabilistic model of the ITD analysis of random time series. This analysis yields details concerning the universality and scaling properties of the components of the decomposition.