cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new enzyme marker for striatal compartmentalization: NADPH diaphorase activity in the caudate nucleus and putamen of the cat.

The distribution of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH diaphorase) was studied by enzyme histochemistry in the striatum of the adult cat. Neurons and neuropil expressing NADPH diaphorase activity were found throughout, the striatum. The diaphorasepositive neurons formed a sparse population of medium-sized cells. In the caudate nucleus they were recognized by antisera against somatostatin 14, somatostatin 28(1-12), neuropeptide Y and avian pancreatic polypeptide. The diaphorase activity of the striatal neuropil was characterized by a modular organization that was particularly distinct in the caudate nucleus. This organization was analyzed by comparing the patterns of diaphorase staining with the distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity in adjacent sections. The NADPH diaphorase activity was found to be dense in the acetylcholinesterase-rich matrix of the caudate nucleus, but weak in the acetylcholinesterase-poor compartments known as striosomes. Because of the colocalization of perikaryal NADPH diaphorase activity and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity, a comparison was also made between the distribution of diaphorase staining and immunostaining for somatostatinlike peptide in the striatal neuropil. Both observed striosomal ordering, so that the acetylcholinesterase-poor zones detected in adjoining sections corresponded to regions of low somatostatinlike immunoreactivity as well as low NADPH diaphorase staining. In some regions striosomes were more clearly delineated in the stains for diaphorase and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity than in the acetylcholinesterase stain. These observations suggest that NADPH diaphorase may be a sensitive marker for the somatostatinergic neuropil as well as the somatostatinergic perikarya of the striatum, and that this enzyme could prove valuable in attempts to differentiate the processes of intrinsic somatostatin-containing fibers from any extrinsic somatostatin afferents that may exist.
The Clinical-Forensic Dichotomy in Sexual Abuse Evaluations: Moving Toward an Integrative Model

We propose the use of an approach to evaluation that can be undertaken in a clinical setting when concerns regarding child sexual abuse are unclear or ambiguous and other systems are not involved, thus providing an option for the nondisclosing child often discussed in the "delayed disclosure" literature. This approach can also be appropriate for a child with a questionable prior disclosure not being served by other intervention systems. We have labeled this an "integrative" model, incorporating forensically sound practices into evaluations conducted in a clinical setting. The goals of this manuscript are to (a) provide a rationale for conducting child sexual abuse extended evaluations in a clinical setting, (b) delineate the purposes of such evaluations, (c) differentiate this "integrative" model from the forensic-clinical dichotomy framework discussed by Kuehnle (1996), and (d) briefly describe the format, which can be refined by future practice and research.
Multinational production and choice of technologies: New evidence on skill-biased technological change from China

Abstract This paper compares the productivity of factors in multinational subsidiaries across parent sources. I find that the productivity of skilled labor is higher in developed-economy subsidiaries than in emerging-economy ones, while the productivity of unskilled labor shows no such difference.
Henry James's Autobiography and Early Psychology

(2012). Henry James's Autobiography. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 338-353.
Cell cycle-specific and cell type-specific expression of Rb in the developing human retina.

PURPOSE. To define the pattern of Rb expression relative to cell cycle position and cell type in the developing human retina. METHODS. Cryosections of fetal week 11-18 retinas were immunostained for Rb and cell cycle- or cell type-specific markers. RESULTS. Rb was prominent in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) expressing the cyclin D1, cyclin A, and cytoplasmic cyclin B markers of G 1 , S, and early to mid G 2 phases, but not in RPCs expressing the phosphohistone H3 marker of late G 2 and M. Rb was not detected in the earliest postmitotic ganglion, amacrine, horizontal, and bipolar cell precursors migrating away from the ventricular layer, but was detected as such cells underwent further differentiation. Among photoreceptors, Rb was not detected in the earliest RXRγ(+) cone precursors or in the earliest Nrl(+) rod precursors, but subsequently rose to high levels in cones and to low levels in rods. Rb was prominent at the time when Muller glia exit the cell cycle and was generally expressed in a pattern complementary to p27 Kip1 . CONCLUSIONS. Rb exhibits cell cycle-specific expression in RPCs, with loss in late G 2 -M and restoration in G 1 . Rb is re-expressed after postmitotic ganglion, amacrine, horizontal, and bipolar cell precursors migrate away from the ventricular layer; after the appearance of early cone and rod markers; but coinciding with Muller glia cell cycle withdrawal. The results suggest that Rb does not mediate the initial proliferative arrest of retinal neurons, but may indirectly induce arrest in RPCs or maintain an arrest in postmitotic precursors.
Catastrophic emplacement of the Heart Mountain block slide, Wyoming and Montana, USA

The mechanism that allowed many tens of km of movement of the enormous block slide floored by the rootless Heart Mountain detachment fault in NW Wyoming has long been a puzzle. Carbonat-rich microbreccia that is widespread along the fault and in dikes in the upper plate contains accreted grains indistinguishable from those observed as fallout from volcanic eruption clouds (accretionary lapilli) and impact ejecta clouds and in intrusive diatremes. In these settings and also in industrial processing, accreted grains form when particles in a turbulent gaseous suspension containing limited water adhere to a nucleating grain or to each other. Elongate grains in thick microbreccia have strong but diverse shap-preferred orientations unlike those reported from other fault rocks but instead suggestive of turbulent flow, and the microbreccia contains layering and other features of sedimentary character that appear to record deposition from suspension rather than frictional processes along a fault. We suggest that frictional heating led to dissociation of carbonate rock along the fault, producing supercritical CO 2 as the suspending medium. High CO 2 pressure drastically reduced friction along the fault and allowed continuation of catastrophic movement, probably initiated by a volcanic or phreatomagmatic explosion, resulting in very large displacement on a low-dipping surface. Earlier slower sliding may have occurred but final emplacement was rapid (minutes) and spectacular.
Regiospecific opening of oxetanes with trimethylsilyl cyanide - zinc iodide. a general approach to γ-amino alcohols.

Abstract Trimethylsilyl ethers of γ-hydroxy isonitriles were formed regiospecifically in the opening of oxetanes with trimethylsilyl cyanide - zinc iodide. Deprotection and hydrolysis of the initially formed ring cleavage products gave γ-amino alcohols.
Bargaining Structure and Wage Outcomes in the British Coal Industry

The arguments below use case study and time series data to investigate the relationship between bargaining structure and wage settlements in the British coal industry. Consideration of the different bargaining structures in this industry suggests that bargaining power and wage outcomes are very sensitive to market conditions when the negotiating structure is decentralized; when negotiations are centralized in industry-wide bargaining, power and wage outcomes are quite insensitive to market conditions. These conclusions may help in understanding recent events in this industry and perhaps can be generalized to other cases where bargaining structures are undergoing change.
Swelling of Poly(acrylic acid) in Concentrated Sodium Carbonate Solutions

Interactions of polymers with salts are of primary importance in industry as well as scientific research. In this paper, we focus on the system of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in concentrated sodium carbonate aqueous solutions. From the results obtained by density, static/dynamic light scattering, conductivity, and rheometry, the size/shape of single polymer chains, their effective hydrodynamic region, and the condensation of ionic species were evaluated as a function of salt and PAA concentrations. The formation of special morphological structures of PAA chains in solution and the resultant rheological behavior of the solutions were also examined.
Reduced dietary protein content suppresses infection with Babesia microti.

The influence of acute dietary protein restriction on the development ofBabesia microti infection in the mouse model was investigated. Female mice consuming a diet either devoid of protein or adequate with respect to protein were infected withB. microti-parasitized erythrocytes and sacrificed 7 days later. Absence of dietary protein resulted in a delay in the onset of infection and a significantly reduced peak parasitemia. Non-specific antibody responses to heterologous erythrocytes and specific anti-babesial antibody titers were impaired in mice consuming the protein-free diets, suggesting that the enhanced resistance to experimental babesiosis observed in protein-malnourished mice is not an antibodymediated phenomenon. In addition, protein-malnourished mice did not demonstrate significantly lower concentrations of the serum complement component, C3, which has been implicated as a participant in the invasion process of host erythrocytes by parasites. Serum C3 levels were significantly reduced in infected mice consuming both diets. The mechanism by which acute protein deprivation protects mice against lethal babesiosis remains to be determined.
Ultrastructural localization of inosine-5'-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities in the crayfish vas deferens.

Epithelial cells of the crayfish vas deferens synthesize a secretory product rich in protein—carbohydrate which is released into the duct lumen which contains mature sperm. Reaction product characteristic of the presence of inosine-5′-diphosphatase activity was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum, small Golgi vesicles (transition elements), vacuoles, vesicular bodies, and Golgi saccules. The results are considered evidence that the enzyme may be synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently transported via the Golgi vesicles to the Golgi saccules. Inosine-5′-diphosphatase activity appears to occur in vesicular elements in muscle cells surrounding the vas deferens. The apparent presence of both glucose-6-phosphatase and inosine-5′-diphosphatase activity in the Golgi saccules is interpreted, together with other information, as suggesting carbohydrate synthesis by the Golgi complexes in the epithelial cells.
The Bloch equations. How to have fun calculating what happens in NMR experiments with a personal computer

The so-called “phenomenological” differential equations derived for nuclear magnetic induction by Felix Bloch in 1946 can easily be integrated by numerical methods and can give interesting, as well as very useful, results with the processing power of ordinary personal computers. This article deals with (1) the derivation of the Bloch equations, (2) slow-passage continuous-wave (CW) spectral calculations, (3) a procedure for numerical integration and several illustrations of how numerical integration can be used for generation of CW spectra, (4) free induction decays, and (5) the results of multipulse sequences, such as those used in determination of T1 and T2. A listing of the source code of a simple BASIC program for numerical integration of the Bloch equations with personal computers is included in an appendix.
A simple synthesis of 3-substituted furans. The preparations of dendrolasin, perillene and congeners

Abstract The Grignard reagent 7 , derived from 3-chloromethyl furan, reacts with various alkyl- and allylic halides, in the presence of Li2CuCl4, to provide high yields of 3-substituted furans.
Should professional development include analyzing and coaching ways of speaking during inquiry-based science instruction in elementary classrooms?

In this commentary, I first consider what Oliveira defines inquiry-based science instruction to be. Next I discuss what the discourse practices are that he is advocating. Then I examine what he presents as evidence of changes in two teachers’ discourse practices due to a summer institute and how their pragmatic awareness seems to have been enhanced through institute activities. Finally I ponder whether, when, how, and why professional development should include a focus on ways of speaking during inquiry-based science instruction.
Consistency: the key to classroom management

(1983). Consistency: the key to classroom management. Journal of Education for Teaching: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Functional equivalence of masking and cue reduction in perception of shape at a slant

In a backward masking paradigm Epstein, Hatfield, and Muise (1977) found that presentation of a frontoparallel pattern mask caused the perceived shape of elliptical figures which were rotated in depth to conform to a projective shape function. The current study extended the masking function by examining the effect of a mask which was partially or wholly cotemporal with the target. The study also assessed the functional equivalence of the masking treatment and the conventional treatment for minimizing depth information. Reports of perceived shape and perceived orientation were obtained under three conditions: binocular without mask, binocular with mask, monocular without mask. Under the first condition, perceived shape conformed to objective shape and perceived orientation was proportional to objective orientation. Under the latter two conditions, perceived shape was in very close agreement to projective shape and the two functions did not differ. Orientation was underestimated greatly under both conditions. We concluded that the effect of the mask on perceived shape is mediated by its effect on encoding of orientation information, although an additional effect on the subsequent stage of shape-slant integration cannot be excluded.
Seizure disorder in the men of a veterans administration nursing home

Abstract This study examined the descriptive epidemiology of seizure disorder in 129 male residents of a Veterans Administration Nursing Home. Eighty-seven of the residents were institutionalized because of nonpsychiatric disorders (60 for chronic neurologic diseases, and 27 for other medical conditions). Forty-two were institutionalized because of a chronic psychosis (39 for schizophrenia, three for affective disorders). We determined for each resident an extensive clinical data base of 54 items including measures of hematologic, nutritional, metabolic and endocrine status, as well as continuing medications. In the nonpsychiatric group, 16 of the 87 men had a seizure disorder. In the psychiatric group, this proportion was only three of 42. The prevalence of epilepsy in the nonpsychiatric group was 20–40 times greater than in the aged-matched general population of men. In the nonpsychiatric group, the onset of seizures followed the onset of organic brain disease. Forty-five percent of seizure disorders occurred in men who had experienced a cerebrovascular accident, and 23% in men with other types of chronic brain disease. The seizures of the nonpsychiatric men had been observed to be generalized clonic-tonic in 45%, and partial complex in 22%. Ninety-four percent of the nonpsychiatric men with epilepsy received anticonvulsants, and none had experienced more than one seizure during the preceding year. Univariate statistical analysis of the 54 item data base showed that the occurrence of seizure disorder correlated inversely with age, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and serum bilirubin, and directly with plasma testosterone, hemoglobin, use of anticonvulsants, and use of psychotherapeutic agents. Multivariate analysis showed that the associations of hemoglobin, urea, creatinine and bilirubin with seizures were explained by their association with age. The relation of plasma testosterone with seizures probably reflected the testosterone-elevating effect of anticonvulsants. Epileptogenic psychotherapeutic drugs may have acted as risk factors for seizures in the men under study.
Erythropoietin modulation of podocalyxin, and a proposed erythroblast niche

Epo's erythropoietic capacity is ascribed largely to its antiapoptotic actions. In part via gene profiling of bone marrow erythroblasts, Epo is now shown to selectively down-modulate the adhesion/migration factors chemokine receptor-4 (Cxcr4) and integrin alpha-4 (Itga4) and to up-modulate growth differentiation factor-3 (Gdf3), oncostatin-M (OncoM), and podocalyxin like-1 (PODXL). For PODXL, Epo dose–dependent expression of this CD34-related sialomucin was discovered in Kit+CD71high proerythroblasts and was sustained at subsequent Kit−CD71high and Ter119+ stages. In vivo, Epo markedly induced PODXL expression in these progenitors and in marrow-resident reticulocytes. This was further associated with a rapid release of PODXL+ reticulocytes to blood. As studied in erythroblasts expressing minimal Epo receptor (EpoR) alleles, efficient PODXL induction proved dependence on an EpoR-PY343 Stat5 binding site. Moreover, in mice expressing an EpoR-HM F343 allele, compromised Epo-induced PODXL expression correlated with abnormal anucleated red cell representation in marrow. By modulating this select set of cell-surface adhesion molecules and chemokines, Epo is proposed to mobilize erythroblasts from a hypothesized stromal niche and possibly promote reticulocyte egress to blood.
CONCEPTS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLISM.

Abstract Alcohol addiction is a serious unsolved socioeconomic and medical problem. Historical and current investigations and concepts in the etiology of alcoholism have been outlined. Physiological, psychological, sociological, and genetic approaches have been discussed. The induction of experimental ‘alcoholism’ in highly inbred mice is interesting, but extrapolation of these data to humans is difficult at present. It is likely that alcoholism is not solely a genetically determined entity, but rather the interplay of psychophysiological and environmental factors impinging upon a genetically predisposed individual. Exhaustive scientific studies have been, and are being, performed. The literature reviewed suggests that a one-sided approach to the problem of alcohol addiction is foredoomed to failure.
The brain and subarachnoid space as possible sites for endocrine tissue transplantation.

Immunological rejection has been the major problem limiting the successful transplantation of tissue from one animal to another. Recent technological developments, combined with the use of the central nervous system as an immunologically priviledged site, suggest that it might be possible to achieve long-term survival of hormonesecreting tissues, between two genetically dissimilar animals, if these tissues are transplanted to the brain and subarachnoid space of the host. The physiological parameters that should be considered in the clinical application of a transplant of this type are discussed.
Size distributions of artifact classes: Combining macro-and micro-fractions

The size and composition of microartifacts (objects less than 2 mm) and macroartifacts (objects greater than 2 mm) are utilized to interpret the formational processes of an archaeological site. Because grain-size distributions are known to reflect mode of transport and source, the attribute of size is examined by plotting each artifact class (unmodified rock, modified rock, ceramic, concretion, bone/shell, and metal) in size frequency diagrams. the plots allow the agent and mode of transport to be reconstructed, which in turn allows the formational processes of the site to be interpreted. the example used is the Pelts Site (23-DU-29) of southeastern Missouri. the site was chosen for this pilot study because the formation processes can be reconstructed from other data. the size distributions of each artifact class support those reconstructions and allow the proposed method to be evaluated as an interpretive method for other archaeological sites.
THE MINIMUM BANDWIDTH PROBLEM AS AN ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM WITH SIDE CONSTRAINTS

A mathematical programming formulation of the minimum bandwidth problem is presented. The problem arises in the numerical solution of systems of linear equations containing sparsely-populated matrices. These matrices arise in the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations (e.g. by the finite element method). The computational effort and storage requirements associated with the solution of such a system of equations can be reduced by reordering the variables and equations so that the semibandwidth of the coefficient matrix is minimum. The graph theoretic form of the minimum bandwidth problem is to find an ordering of the graph associated with the coefficient matrix for which the largest absolute difference between two adjacent nodes is as small as possible. Heuristic algorithms which reduce bandwidth exist, but cannot guarantee an exact minimum. Here, the exact solution to the problem is cast as a mixed binary linear program. This formulation is shown to be equivalent to a sequence of as...
R&D and economic growth

This paper examines the association between research and development (R&D) and the growth rate of output per capita at a national level. Do countries that allocate a larger share of output to R&D grow faster than otherwise similar countries? After reviewing past literature, I examine the association between R&D and economic growth in 20 OECD countries using a multivariate regression. There is not found to be a strong association between the two. But when considering only G-7 countries, there is reported to be a positive association between industry R&D expenditures and economic growth.
The Molecular Architecture of Ribbon Presynaptic Terminals

The primary receptor neurons of the auditory, vestibular, and visual systems encode a broad range of sensory information by modulating the tonic release of the neurotransmitter glutamate in response to graded changes in membrane potential. The output synapses of these neurons are marked by structures called synaptic ribbons, which tether a pool of releasable synaptic vesicles at the active zone where glutamate release occurs in response to calcium influx through L-type channels. Ribbons are composed primarily of the protein, RIBEYE, which is unique to ribbon synapses, but cytomatrix proteins that regulate the vesicle cycle in conventional terminals, such as Piccolo and Bassoon, also are found at ribbons. Conventional and ribbon terminals differ, however, in the size, molecular composition, and mobilization of their synaptic vesicle pools. Calcium-binding proteins and plasma membrane calcium pumps, together with endomembrane pumps and channels, play important roles in calcium handling at ribbon synapses. Taken together, emerging evidence suggests that several molecular and cellular specializations work in concert to support the sustained exocytosis of glutamate that is a hallmark of ribbon synapses. Consistent with its functional importance, abnormalities in a variety of functional aspects of the ribbon presynaptic terminal underlie several forms of auditory neuropathy and retinopathy.
Development of highway accident hazard index

The objective of this study was to develop an accident hazard index (AHI) for use by traffic engineers for an overall look at the highway safety problem within a state, and to identify those counties with serious highway safety problems. In addition, a computer‐aided safety oriented program (CASOP) was developed in order to facilitate the computation process for the AHI values. The average number of fatal and injury accidents over a three‐year period was used as the parameter to construct the AHI. Population, number of registered vehicles, and miles of paved highway were selected as the normalizing factors in the constructed of the AHI values. Based on these data, an AHI was constructed for each of the 46 counties in the state of South Carolina. As a result of this study, it was concluded that the AHI can be used for measuring the relative highway safety of various counties within a state in an effort to find counties with serious accident problems so that proper countermeasures could be developed accordi...
Population Policies in Developing Countries

This chapter covers the broader population policies that were designed and implemented in developing countries during the period from 1974 until today. The heyday of these more comprehensive policies was in the 1980s and 1990s.
Liver glycogen reserves in experimental diabetic ketosis.

THE relationship of liver glycogen to the ketosis of diabetes is not clear. The most widely held belief, cited often in medical literature, is that ketosis is a sequel to the depletion of liver glycogen reserves (Mirsky, 1942; Korenberg, 1943; McKay, 1943). According to this view the diabetic animal becomes depleted of liver glycogen because of lack of insulin, and approximates the condition of the normal animal when fasted. The depletion of hepatic glycogen reserve is thought to stimulate overproduction of ketone bodies. It is generally assumed that ketosis occurs in diabetes only after liver glycogen is exhausted. This assumption is not warranted without reexamination. Bondy et al. (1948) found high liver glycogens in some humans with severe diabetic ketosis. Vallance-Owen (1952) found normal to high glycogen in the livers of patients who had died in diabetic coma without insulin therapy. Since the use of alloxan there have been reports of low, normal, or high liver glycogen in diabetic animals (Hard, 1...
Coestablishment of persistent infection and oncogenic transformation of hamster embryo cells by equine cytomegalovirus.

Abstract Semipermissive, primary hamster embryo (HE) cells were morphologically transformed in vitro by infection with UV-irradiated equine cytomegalovirus (equine herpesvirus type 2; ECMV). Cell lines (designated EC-1-3) were established independently from foci and were shown to exhibit growth and biological properties typically associated with transformed cells: altered morphology, loss of contact inhibition, increased saturation density, decreased generation time, immortality in culture, normal growth in low concentrations of serum, colony formation in soft agar, and resistance to ECMV superinfection. All ECMV transformed cells were restrictive for the replication of equine herpesvirus type 1(EHV-1) which shares 2.9% homology with ECMV and replicated to high titers in normal HE cells. All EC cell lines were oncogenic in immunocompetent syngeneic LSH hamsters. Tumor cell lines were established from selected malignant fibrosarcomas that developed at the site of injection. Two of the transformed cell lines (EC-2 and EC-3) were found to be persistently infected and to release infectious ECMV from 0.5 to 2% (EC-2) and 0.8 to 5% (EC-3) of the total cell populations. The transformed cell line EC-1 as well as all tumor cell lines were virus nonproducers. Data from DNA-DNA reassociation analyses indicated the presence of 8–32 ECMV genome equivalents per productive EC-2 cell and greater than 300 ECMV genome equivalents per productive EC-3 cell. Small amounts of subgenomic ECMV DNA sequences were detected in the nonproducer EC-1 transformed cells and in all tumor cell lines (EC-1T, -2T, -3T). Some of these DNA sequences must be expressed since ECMV-specific polypeptides were demonstrated in all transformed and tumor cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence using antiserum to ECMV-infected cell extracts and since the sera of tumor-bearing hamsters contained ECMV antibody as detected by an ECMV plaque reduction assay.
Effects of the Guiding Stars Program on purchases of ready-to-eat cereals with different nutritional attributes

Abstract Over the past decade, the food industry has increased its use of front-of-package and shelf-tag nutrition labeling designed to present key nutritional aspects and characteristics of food products. One such system is the Guiding Stars Program™ (GSP), which uses an algorithm to score the nutritional values of food products from one to three stars, where more stars mean more nutritious. We studied how the introduction of the GSP in one supermarket chain affected the demand for ready-to-eat cereals. We estimated the demand for cereals and measured the effect using a treatment–control approach. We found that the GSP significantly increased the demand for cereals that GSP considers more nutritious at the expense of cereals that GSP considers less nutritious.
Some comparisons between solution and crystal properties of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase

The activity and crystal stability of the enzyme thiosulfate sulfurtransferase were studied as a function of ionic strength. At 2 M ammonium sulfate, where the x-ray structural studies of this protein were done soluble enzyme has low activity (<16% of the activity of the enzyme at an ionic strength of 0.1) and crystals of the enzyme are stable when substrates are added. However, at 1.4 M ammonium sulfate, crystals of TST rapidly dissolve in 1 mM CN− but are relatively stable in 1 mM S2O3=. These results are consistent with a conformational change on converting the sulfur substituted form of the enzyme (ES) to the sulfur-free form (E) and helps to explain why this change was not observed in the crystallographic studies.
Frequency-domain delayless active sound quality control algorithm

This paper presents several broadband active sound quality control algorithms based on delayless frequency-domain techniques and subband adaptive filters. This efficient algorithm provides faster convergence and reduced computational complexity as compared to a time-domain active noise equalizer. An equal-loudness compensation method is also introduced for designing the shaping filter to achieve the desired sound quality. Computer simulations validate this algorithm in applications requiring high-order adaptive filters.
Effects of microwave heat-moisture treatment on properties of waxy and non-waxy rice starches

Waxy and non-waxy rice starches adjusted to 20% moisture (wet basis, w.b.) were heat-moisture treated in a microwave oven to determine the effects of the microwave heating characteristics on digestibility, pasting, and morphological properties of the heated starches. Microwave heating produced only minimal changes in digestibility as well as the physical characteristics of heated starches. Significant changes in viscosity properties after microwave heat treatment were observed for both waxy and non-waxy starches heat-treated in a microwave oven, relative to non-treated samples. Non-waxy starch heated in microwave oven showed an increase in breakdown viscosity from 29.8 RVU (non-treated starch) to 35.8 RVU after heating for 60 min. However, for waxy starch, breakdown viscosity decreased from 112.7 to 35.9 RVU after 60 min of microwave heat treatment, reflecting an increased stability of microwave heat-treated starch under cooking. The data obtained in this study indicate that there was much higher re-aggregation of starch granules in waxy starch after microwave heat treatment than occurred in non-waxy starch, suggesting a re-association of amylopectin branch chains in the heat-treated waxy starch.
Kinetic properties of 99mTc-Q12 in canine myocardium.

BACKGROUND99mTc-Q12 is a new Tc(III) perfusion imaging agent that permits prompt myocardial visualization in humans. We postulated that 99mTc-Q12 myocardial activity is related to actual myocardial blood flow during conditions of myocardial ischemia and pharmacological coronary artery vasodilation and that 99mTc-Q12 shows little or no myocardial redistribution as long as 4 hours after intravenous injection.METHODS AND RESULTSIn seven anesthetized, open chest dogs, the left circumflex coronary artery was occluded, and dipyridamole (0.32 or 0.56 mg/kg) was infused into the right atrium, followed by 10 mCi of 99mTc-Q12. Myocardial blood flow was measured by radiolabeled microspheres. The animals were euthanized, and a total of 315 myocardial samples were assayed in a well counter for 99mTc activity. One week later, radiolabeled microsphere activity was determined, and myocardial blood flow was calculated. 99mTc activity (y) was related to myocardial blood flow (x) from 0 to 2 mL.g-1 x min-1 by the relation y...
An Optimum Budget Allocation Model for Dynamic, Interacting Market Segments

This paper formulates a model for determining the optimal allocation of a given advertising budget over M interacting market segments and a time domain of T periods. Guidance for budget size optimization is provided via a shadow price. The basic input parameters are in terms of sales saturation levels and advertising elasticities, concepts experienced advertising executives understand and are willing to estimate. Economic and political developments in Western Europe are increasing the interactions among geographically defined segments, and recent development in discrimination techniques may soon make market segmentation a practical strategy for the United States market. In relation to the time domain, the simplistic and often unrealistic constraint of a constant carryover effect is relaxed in that current advertising is hypothesized to generate sales both by creating new customers and by interacting with the residual effects of past advertising goodwill thus reinforcing preferences of past customers. This interactive formulation relating past and future expenditures allows a model user greater flexibility in specifying the relationship between advertising and sales. The mathematical programming technique used is a form of convex programming.
Survival analysis of the severely and profoundly mentally retarded

Life-table analyses were performed on 1,915 severely/profoundly retarded institutionalized persons. Data on probability of death and hazard rates are presented according to sex and previously described diagnostic/etiologic categories. The median remaining lifetime for a resident of Central Wisconsin Center on admission was found to be greater than 25 years. The average age of admission was 7.3 years with a range of 0-66 years. The highest death rate was noted in residents with inborn errors of metabolism; the lowest death rate was in residents with primary seizures disorders. On admission, the median remaining lifetime was 8.81 +/- 4.16 years (95% confidence interval) for residents with inborn errors of metabolism, 18.56 +/- 4.26 years for residents with primary CNS malformations, and 24.66 +/- 4.05 years for residents with known syndromes. Residents of all other diagnostic/etiologic categories had a median remaining lifetime of greater than 25 years.
Hydrogen and Calcium Ion Concentrations Affect Volume of CO2 Puffed Diced Green Bell Peppers

Diced green bell peppers were soaked in a solution of hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, air-dried to 50% moisture, held in CO2 at 5.8 MPa for 1, 3 or 5 min, and puffed by abruptly releasing the CO2 pressure. Treatment with 1% CaCl2 increased the size of puffed-dried products as compared to a control; however, HCl treatments did not. The treatment with 1 or 2% CaCl2 reduced shrinkage as compared to the control. The 1% CaCl2 treatment may have increased the CO2 saturation rate.
Remediation practices for surgery residents

Abstract Background This study sought to determine to what extent surgery programs are remediating residents who fail to achieve competency and to offer remediation strategies. Methods A web-based survey was e-mailed to 253 program directors of all US surgery residency programs. Questions were asked about remediation and probation practices for residents failing to meet the competencies. Results Programs seem to struggle the least with knowing how to remediate medical knowledge and patient care deficits and struggle more with professionalism and interpersonal communication skills. Most programs have no remediation methods in place for systems-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement deficits. Conclusions Surgery residency programs are cognizant of the reality that some residents perform unsatisfactorily. Most have remediation plans for residents and understand that a process needs to be in place. Remediation methods tend to vary depending on the deficit and are devised tailored to the resident's needs.
P04.29. Tai chi and health related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose Tai Chi, a Chinese mind-body exercise, has a complex multicomponent therapy that integrates physical, psychosocial, emotional and behavioral elements to promote health in a variety chronic condition. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is a multidimensional, subjective patient centered outcome that encompasses those conditions that affects a person’s overall well-being. A comprehensive review of the literature of Tai Chi and quality of life is an important step for understanding the mind-body beneficial effects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect Tai Chi on HRQL on a variety of populations.
TANF status, ethnicity, and early school success

Abstract This article presents a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K), conducted by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The ECLS-K data are from a national sample of children who began kindergarten during 1998/9. The article reviews literature about the relationships among poverty, ethnicity, and early success in school, analyses three-year longitudinal data by student ethnicity and TANF status, and provides a discussion of policy implications. The findings suggest that, although many children from non-English-speaking backgrounds catch up with peers during the first three years of school, TANF status remains a good predictor of overall achievement in the third grade.
Institutional Review Boards: Human Subjects and Their Texts

This interactive poster serves to showcase the evolving roles Institutional Review Boards (IRB) have in research on texts, both physical and digital. Over time, the awareness of and adherence to IRB has grown in technical and professional communication research and scholarship. Part of this growth can be attributed to need (research is more and more being conducted in places such as hospitals, where privacy is vital). However, recent cases, such as the PANS article regarding Facebook and emotion manipulation, indicate that the user experience (UX) of certain products call traditional IRB policies in to question. In particular, questions about text production, dissemination, and subsequent research on texts indicate that IRB policies have not evolved to meet the demands of present research culture. This poster suggests that the narratives and extensions of IRBs preclude and exclude serious consideration of texts by their very design and representation to researchers. This poster examines how IRBs communicate policies to technical and professional communication researchers, and, in light of new research methodologies, researchers can develop extensions to IRB protocol internal to the field. In doing so, this poster aims to ensure ethical treatment of human subjects both as participants, and as authors of texts, in research.
Exact solutions for the massless plane symmetric scalar field in general relativity, with cosmological constant

The Klein–Gordon equations are solved for the case of a plane-symmetric static massless scalar field in general relativity with cosmological constant, generalizing the solutions found by Taub, Novotny and Horsky, and Singh. A separate class of solutions is obtained in which the metrics reduce to flat space in the limit that \(\Lambda \rightarrow 0\).The static solutions can be used to generate time-dependent cosmological solutions, one of which exhibits rapid inflation followed by continued exponential expansion at all later times.
Capillary electrophoresis as a method for ozone determination in atmospheres

Abstract Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is used to quantify nitrate and nitrite extracted from nitrite-impregnated glass fiber filters (IGFF) that are used to monitor ozone in atmospheres. The amount of nitrate produced from conversion of nitrite in the filters is directly related to the amount of ozone passed over the filter. The limit of detection for ozone using the CE method is 1.17 ppm l and the method is linear over two orders of magnitude. The effect of the excess nitrite in the IGFF on the limits of detection is discussed. Results from CE analyses of both active and passive filters are presented. The active filter results are compared to ion chromatographic analyses.
An efficient synthesis of the 4′-epimer of 2-fluoronoraristeromycin

The 4′-epimer of 2-fluoronoraristeromycin was synthesized by employing bis-t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protected 2-fluoroadenine as a superior substrate for the Mitsunobu reaction with the appropriate cyclopentenol. Unlike the unsubstituted counterpart 2-fluoroadenine, this substrate is completely soluble in THF and resulted in a very good yield in the Mitsunobu coupling reaction as well as subsequent steps.
Timing of the Ovarian Circadian Clock Is Regulated by Gonadotropins

The timing of ovulation is critically important to the success of reproduction. Current thinking attributes the timing of ovulation to LH secretion by the pituitary, itself timed by signals from the hypothalamus. The discovery of an internal circadian timer in the ovary raises the possibility that ovulation is in fact timed by an interaction between clocks in the hypothalamus/pituitary and those in the ovary. We asked whether ovarian clocks were influenced by signals from the brain and pituitary. Ovaries of Period1-luciferase transgenic rats display circadian rhythms in vitro. To determine whether the phase of these rhythms is set by neural or endocrine signals, we surgically denervated or heterotopically transplanted ovaries with or without encapsulation in dialysis membranes. Animals’ light-dark cycles were phase advanced or delayed 6 h, and the resetting of the ovarian clock was tracked by culturing ovaries at intervals over the next 12 d. Resetting trajectories of control, surgically denervated, and encapsulated ovaries were similar, demonstrating that endocrine signals are sufficient to transmit phase information to the ovary. We next evaluated LH and FSH as potential endocrine signals. Using the phase of Per1-luc expression in granulosa cell cultures, we demonstrated that both of these pituitary hormones caused large phase shifts when applied to the cultured cells. We hypothesize that the ovarian circadian clock is entrained by hormonal signals from the pituitary and that ovulation depends, in part, on the phase in the ovarian circadian cycle at which these signals occur.
Identification of Ror2 as a Hypoxia-inducible Factor Target in von Hippel-Lindau-associated Renal Cell Carcinoma

Ror2 is an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase with expression normally restricted to early stages of development. However, emerging evidence has placed aberrantly expressed Ror2, leading to an invasive phenotype, in several cancers including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although Ror2 is currently identified as up-regulated in an assortment of cancers, neither the regulatory role or mechanism of action have been delineated. We sought to place Ror2 in the most commonly mutated pathway of RCC, the loss of the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), which causes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and -2α stabilization and the transcriptional activation of a broad repertoire of response genes. We found that Ror2 was indeed associated with the pVHL loss in RCC as well as with VHL somatic mutations tightly coordinated with the induction of RCC. Additionally, knockdown and rescue analysis of HIF expression suggests that Ror2 is dependent on pathologic stabilization of either HIF-1α or HIF-2α. Subsequent evaluation of the ROR2 promoter suggests that HIF-2α and its dimerization partner, aryl hydrocarbon nuclear transferase localize to the ROR2 promoter via a cryptic transcriptional element. This data substantiates a unique regulation pattern for Ror2 in the VHL-HIF axis that has the potential to be applied to other cancer etiologies.
Signalwandler: Terra incognita der Molekularbiologie

In dieser Arbeit werden vier Beispiele von Signalwandlung in der Biologie behandelt. Sie reichen von einem Fall, den wir im molekularen Detail verstehen (genetische Induktion) uber zwei Falle in denen sich der Nebel zu klaren scheint (Sehvorgang beim Wirbeltier, bakterielle Chemotaxis), bis zu einem Fall, in dem wir immer noch damit beschaftigt sind, die Teilnehmer des Spieles zu identifizieren (Ausweichreaktion des Pilzes Phycomyces). — Zwar sind die meisten der hier mit-geteilten Fakten nicht absolut neu, aber ihre Zusammenschau ist vielleicht unkonventionell und mindestens insofern von Interesse, als sie ein vielversprechendes Forschungsthema erkennen last. Ohne Zweifel werden moderne Vorstellungen und Techniken der Chemie und Physik in diesem Grenzbereich zwischen mehreren Gebieten eine grose Rolle spielen, und ahnlich gros werden die Anforderungen an die Phantasie und die Vielseitigkeit des Forschenden sein.
Scientific Jury Selection: Does It Work?

This article describes different methodologies used to predict the likely disposition of jurors in order to guide the exercise of peremptory challenges. The actual use of these methodologies in 27 telephone surveys, 9 focus groups, and 2 studies of jurors after the case was decided is examined. It is concluded that the efficacy of scientific jury selection depends, in part, on the type of case.