cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CalCS: SMT solving for non-linear convex constraints

Certain formal verification tasks require reasoning about Boolean combinations of non-linear arithmetic constraints over the real numbers. In this paper, we present a new technique for satisfiability solving of Boolean combinations of non-linear constraints that are convex. Our approach applies fundamental results from the theory of convex programming to realize a satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solver. Our solver, CalCS, uses a lazy combination of SAT and a theory solver. A key step in our algorithm is the use of complementary slackness and duality theory to generate succinct infeasibility proofs that support conflict-driven learning. Moreover, whenever non-convex constraints are produced from Boolean reasoning, we provide a procedure that generates conservative approximations of the original set of constraints by using geometric properties of convex sets and supporting hyperplanes. We validate CalCS on several benchmarks including formulas generated from bounded model checking of hybrid automata and static analysis of floating-point software.
Double free‐flap reconstruction of massive defects involving the lip, chin, and mandible

Two patients with massive, composite defects of the total lower lip, chin, and anterior mandible underwent double free-flap reconstruction. A fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the mandible and floor of the mouth and a radial forearm fasciocutaneous composite flap, including the palmaris longus tendon, was used for total lower lip and chin reconstruction. Postoperatively, both patients had acceptable cosmesis, were orally competent, and recovered adequate mandibular function. Double free-flap reconstruction is indicated only in those circumstances in which composite tissue requirements or massive tissue defects preclude reconstruction with a single free-tissue transfer.
Interpretation of Alvin Coburn's Ezra in Pen and Ink

Alvin Langdon Coburn (1882–1966), a native of Boston, was a photographer who helped develop American pictorialism. Coburn began taking photographs at the age of 8; 12 years later, he was elected as a member of the Photo-Secession, founded by Alfred Stieglitz. Coburn's works included portraits, landscapes, symbolism, …
Robust steady-state filtering for systems with deterministic and stochastic uncertainties

For uncertain systems containing both deterministic and stochastic uncertainties, we consider two problems of optimal filtering. The first is the design of a linear time-invariant filter that minimizes an upper bound on the mean energy gain between the noise affecting the system and the estimation error. The second is the design of a linear time-invariant filter that minimizes an upper bound on the asymptotic mean square estimation error when the plant is driven by a white noise. We present filtering algorithms that solve each of these problems, with the filter parameters determined via convex optimization based on linear matrix inequalities. We demonstrate the performance of these robust algorithms on a numerical example consisting of the design of equalizers for a communication channel.
Power consumption and performance analysis of object tracking and event detection with wireless embedded smart cameras

An embedded smart camera is a stand-alone unit that not only captures images, but also includes a processor, memory and communication interface. With battery-powered and embedded smart cameras, it has become viable to install many spatially-distributed cameras interconnected by wireless links. Not requiring to have access to electrical outlets and have wired links increase system flexibility. However, wireless and battery-powered smart-camera networks introduce many additional challenges since they have very limited resources, such as power, memory and bandwidth. The algorithms running on the camera boards should be lightweight and efficient. In addition, the frequency of communication between camera nodes, and the content of the message packets should be carefully designed, since communication consumes power. In this paper, we present a wireless embedded smart-camera system that performs peer-to-peer object tracking and event detection. We analyze the power consumption and performance of this system during different parts of the algorithm execution and for different message exchanges between camera nodes. We also present a graph of the energy consumption for different tasks performed in a camera's processor. The number of instructions are also presented. The results demonstrate the importance of the careful choice of when and what data to transfer between cameras, and also the necessity of having lightweight algorithms in these resource-constrained systems.
Multimillion atom simulations of dynamics of oxidation of an aluminum nanoparticle and nanoindentation on ceramics.

We have developed a first-principles-based hierarchical simulation framework, which seamlessly integrates (1) a quantum mechanical description based on the density functional theory (DFT), (2) multilevel molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a reactive force field (ReaxFF) that describes chemical reactions and polarization, a nonreactive force field that employs dynamic atomic charges, and an effective force field (EFF), and (3) an atomistically informed continuum model to reach macroscopic length scales. For scalable hierarchical simulations, we have developed parallel linear-scaling algorithms for (1) DFT calculation based on a divide-and-conquer algorithm on adaptive multigrids, (2) chemically reactive MD based on a fast ReaxFF (F-ReaxFF) algorithm, and (3) EFF-MD based on a space−time multiresolution MD (MRMD) algorithm. On 1920 Intel Itanium2 processors, we have demonstrated 1.4 million atom (0.12 trillion grid points) DFT, 0.56 billion atom F-ReaxFF, and 18.9 billion atom MRMD calculations, w...
Family predictors of continuity and change in social and physical aggression from ages 9 to 18

This research examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression for a sample followed from age 9 to 18, and investigated possible family predictors of following different trajectory groups. Participants were 158 girls and 138 boys, their teachers, and their parents (21% African American, 5.3% Asian, 51.6% Caucasian, and 21% Hispanic). Teachers rated children's social and physical aggression yearly in grades 3-12. Participants' parent (83% mothers) reported on family income, conflict strategies, and maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. The results suggested that both social and physical aggression decline slightly from middle childhood through late adolescence. Using a dual trajectory model, group-based mixture modeling revealed three trajectory groups for both social and physical aggression: low-, medium-, and high-desisting for social aggression, and stably-low, stably-medium, and high-desisting for physical aggression. Membership in higher trajectory groups was predicted by being from a single-parent family, and having a parent high on permissiveness. Being male was related to both elevated physical aggression trajectories and the medium-desisting social aggression trajectory. Negative interparental conflict strategies did not predict social or physical aggression trajectories when permissive parenting was included in the model. Permissive parenting in middle childhood predicted following higher social aggression trajectories across many years, which suggests that parents setting fewer limits on children's behaviors may have lasting consequences for their peer relations. Future research should examine transactional relations between parenting styles and practices and aggression to understand the mechanisms that may contribute to changes in involvement in social and physical aggression across childhood and adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX-XX, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
On Topology Attack of a Smart Grid: Undetectable Attacks and Countermeasures

Covert data attacks on the network topology of a smart grid is considered. In a so-called man-in-the-middle attack, an adversary alters data from certain meters and network switches to mislead the control center with an incorrect network topology while avoiding detections by the control center. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an undetectable attack is obtained for strong adversaries who can observe all meter and network data. For weak adversaries with only local information, a heuristic method of undetectable attack is proposed. Countermeasures to prevent undetectable attacks are also considered. It is shown that undetectable attacks do not exist if a set of meters satisfying a certain branch covering property are protected. The proposed attacks are tested with IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus system, and their effect on real-time locational marginal pricing is examined.
Measurement of the motility of endothelial cells in confluent monolayers.

Objective:The reported experiments were designed to develop and test a method to measure the motility of endothelial cells in confluent cultures. Methods:Endothelial cell cultures were recorded by time-lapse video. Frames from the recording were digitized, and cell locations were identified at 30-minute intervals using either the centroids or nuclei. The speed of the cells was determined for distances between their successive positions. Cells were stained immunocytochemically to determine the status of their adherens junctions. Results:Prior to reaching confluence cells exhibited motility unhampered by collisions. After reaching confluence, cells continued to exhibit motility that decreased with time until the cells ceased effective movement. The motility in confluent monolayers persisted in the presence of complete adherens junctions. Motility could be restored in quiescent confluent cultures by the addition of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Generally, cells responding to FGF-2 moved without obvious...
The application of dielectric thin films to enhance the properties of SAW devices

To meet the increasing demands of personal and commercial communication systems, high performance SAW devices are required to have high frequencies, low loss, wide bandwidth, and high reliability. It was determined early in the investigation of SAWs that there were velocity, loss, coupling factor, and temperature coefficient improvements to be gained through the use of thin amorphous dielectric films on piezoelectric substrates. While this kind of film technology has been used sparingly in SAW device product development, it still represents a potential source for enhancing such products. Deposited on a bare piezoelectric wafer, amorphous films provide the functions of surface passivation, reduction of pyroelectric effects, and smoothing to reduce SAW propagation loss. Films modify the coupling factor, reduce the temperature coefficient of frequency, and permit higher order SAW modes to be propagated. As a practical manufacturing matter, thin films on electroded SAW components provide a protective coating to prevent shorting by metal particles, reduce metal migration due to electric and stress fields, protect from degradation due to chemicals and corrosive vapors, and be used very effectively for frequency trimming. For pseudo-SAW propagation on rotated substrates, the dielectric film can reduce the leaky-wave losses and enhance coupling factor and TCF. This paper considers the advantages of nitride and oxide films on piezo-substrates for the enhancement of SAW devices.
Cost and resource implications with serum angiogenic factor estimation in the triage of pre-eclampsia.

Objectives To analyse the economic and resource implications of using plasma soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 s(Flt1) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) measurements in pre-eclampsia evaluation and management. Design Retrospective cost analysis of our prospective cohort study. Setting Boston, Massachusetts (USA). Population Women (n = 176) presenting to the hospital at <34 weeks of gestation for evaluation of possible pre-eclampsia during 2009–10. Cases without complete cost or outcome data (n = 9) and re-enrolments (n = 18) were excluded. Methods Modelled comparisons between the standard approach (combination of blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, alanine aminotransferase and platelet counts) and a novel approach (ratio of plasma sFlt1 and PlGF) using actual hospital data converted to 2012 US dollars in accordance with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Main outcome measures Direct 2-week costs and resource use by groups having true or false positive and negative test results for adverse outcomes according to approach. Results The improved specificity of the novel approach decreased the proportion of women falsely labelled as test-positive from 42.3% (34.4–50.2%) to 4.0% (0.85–7.15%) and increased the proportion correctly labelled as test-negative from 23.5% (16.7–30.3%) to 61.7% (53.9–69.5%). This could potentially reduce average per-patient costs by $1215. Substantial quantities of resources [47.2% (35.7–58.7%) of antenatal admissions and 72.5% (68.0–77.0%) of tests for fetal wellbeing] were unnecessarily used for women who were truly negative. A proportion of iatrogenic preterm deliveries among women with negative results was potentially avoidable representing further cost and resource savings. Conclusions Clinical use of the plasma sFlt1 and PlGF ratio improves risk stratification among women presenting for pre-eclampsia evaluation and has the potential to reduce costs and resource use.
Effect of Rainfall Exposure Immediately After a Single Dip Treatment with Coumaphos on the Control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Infested Cattle

Efficacy of a single dip treatment in coumaphos at 0.182% active ingredient was determined against all parasitic stages of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) on infested cattle exposed to various levels of rainfall immediately after treatment. One group of calves remained untreated with no exposure to rainfall to serve as a negative control. A second group of cattle treated with coumaphos, but not exposed to rainfall, acted as a positive treated control. Three additional groups of coumaphos-treated cattle were exposed to 14.3, 28.6, and 42.9 mm of rainfall, respectively. In the coumaphos-treated group not exposed to a rainfall, overall mean control (99.2%) was greater and mean female engorgement weight (200 mg), egg mass weight (43 mg), and index of fecundity (IF; 2.90) were all less than any group exposed to rainfall. Although exposure to the lowest level of rainfall (14.3 mm) resulted in substantially greater control (83.7%) with lower mean egg mass weight (65 mg) and IF (62.26) than ticks exposed to 28.6 or 42.9 mm of rainfall, differences were seldom significant (P > 0.05). This suggested that higher levels of rainfall exposure adversely impacted coumaphos efficacy somewhat more than lower levels of rainfall exposure. Control remained >97% against larval ticks regardless of rainfall exposure level; however, against nymphs or adults, dramatic declines in control occurred as a result of exposure to any rainfall. Thus, the movement of coumaphos treated cattle exposed to any level of rainfall would pose a high risk of dispersing viable ticks into uninfested areas.
The Complex Relationships Between Increases in Fertilization of the Earth, Coastal Eutrophication and Proliferation of Harmful Algal Blooms

The past five decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the availability of nutrients on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. This change has occurred largely due to the development of industrial fertilizers, changing practices in the raising of animals for consumption on land and in the sea, and increased consumption of fossil fuels (Vitousek 1997; Smil 2001). Overenrichment of coastal waters by nutrients is considered a major pollution problem worldwide (Vitousek et al. 1997; Howarth et al. 2002) and one of the important factors contributing to global habitat change, including the geographic and temporal expansion of some harmful algal bloom (HAB) species (Smayda 1990; Anderson et al. 2002; Glibert et al. 2005a, 2005b). In this chapter, major trends impacting global nutrients are first reviewed, followed by a review of the concept of eutrophication and a synopsis of some of the evidence that HABs are increasing in frequency or extent in parallel with these trends. Lastly, these patterns are placed in context with other factors that must also be considered when understanding the relationship between eutrophication and HABs.
Plasmon-Mediated Two-Photon Photoluminescence-Detected Circular Dichroism in Gold Nanosphere Assemblies.

We report plasmon-mediated two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL)-detected circular dichroism (CD) from colloidal metal nanoparticle assemblies. Two classes of solid gold nanosphere (SGN) dimers—heterodimers and homodimers—were examined using polarization-resolved TPPL, second harmonic generation (SHG), and one-photon photoluminescence (OPPL). Unambiguous CD was detected in both the TPPL and SHG signals, and the magnitudes of the CD responses in these measurements showed agreement for individual nanostructures. Heterodimers gave larger CD responses (average TPPL-CDR = 0.62 ± 0.33; average SHG-CDR = 0.51 ± 0.21) than homodimers (average TPPL-CDR = 0.19 ± 0.04; average SHG-CDR = 0.18 ± 0.06). OPPL-CD was not detected for either structure. Analysis of dimer emission properties suggested the CD responses were determined by properties of the one-photon-resonant mode excited by the laser. Average TPPL signals were (4.3 ± 0.6)× larger than those for SHG. Because signal amplitude is a primary determinant for spatial...
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Axiomatic Approaches in Web Track

In this paper we describe our efforts for TREC 2013 Web track. We focus on evaluating the effectiveness of axiomatic retrieval model on large data collection. Axiomatic approach basically searches for the retrieval functions that satisfy some reasonable retrieval constraints. We also evaluate the semantic term matching method which does the query expansion by choosing the semantically related terms. Experiment results on adhoc task and diversity task demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Altitudinal shifts of the native and introduced flora of California in the context of 20th-century warming

Aim The differential responses of plant species to climate change are of great interest and grave concern for scientists and conservationists. One underexploited resource for better understanding these changes are the records held by herbaria. Using these records to assess the responses of different groups of species across the entire flora of California, we sought to quantify the magnitude of species elevational shifts, to measure differences in shifts among functional groups and between native and introduced species, and to evaluate whether these shifts were related to the conservation of thermal niches. Location California. Methods To characterize these shifts in California, we used 681,609 georeferenced herbarium records to estimate mean shifts in elevational and climatic space of 4426 plant taxa. We developed and employed a statistical method to robustly analyse the data represented in these records. Results We found that 15% of all taxa in California have ranges that have shifted upward over the past century. There are significant differences between range shifts of taxa with different naturalization statuses: 12% of endemic taxa show significant upward range shifts, while a greater proportion (27%) of introduced taxa have shifted upward. We found significant differences between the proportion of significant range shifts across taxa with different seed sizes, but did not find evidence for differences in shift based on life-form (annual versus perennial, herbaceous versus woody). Main conclusions Our analyses suggest that introduced species have disproportionately expanded their ranges upward in elevation over the past century when compared with native species. While these shifts in introduced species may not be exclusively driven by climate, they highlight the importance of considering the interacting factors of climate-driven range shifts and invasion to understand how floras are responding in the face of anthropogenic change.
Off-center effect on the photoabsorption spectra of encapsulated Xe atoms

The photoabsorption spectra of the Xe atoms encapsulated at different locations of the C${}_{60}$ have been evaluated using the time-dependent density-functional theory. The calculations are performed in the energy region of the Xe $4d$ giant resonance. The results demonstrate that the main confinement resonances can result only when the Xe atom is located within a very small sphere of radius 0.3 \AA{} around the center of the fullerene. The small resonance peak around 100 eV has now been identified as a shape resonance of the free Xe $4d$-$\ensuremath{\epsilon}f$ transition; it is not a confinement resonance.
A Hybrid Physics-Based and Data Driven Approach to Optimal Control of Building Cooling/Heating Systems

This work integrates a physics-based model with a data driven time-series model to forecast and optimally manage building energy. Physical characterization of the building is partially captured by a collection of zonal energy balance equations with parameters estimated using a least squares estimation (LSE) technique and data initially generated from the EnergyPlus building model. A generalized Cochran–Orcutt estimation technique is adopted to describe the data generated from these simulations. The combined forecast model is then used in a model predictive control (MPC) framework to manage heating and cooling set points. This work is motivated by the practical limitations of simulation-based optimizations. Once the forecast model is established capturing sufficient statistical variability and physical behavior of the building, there will be no more need to run EnergyPlus in the optimization routine.
K+-induced HSP-72 expression is mediated via rapid Ca2+ influx in renal epithelial cells

Pathophysiological stimuli, including hypoxia, lead to K+ efflux from the intracellular lumen to the extracellular space, thereby increasing local tissue K+ concentrations and depolarizing resident...
Ovulation induction, infertility, and ovarian cancer risk.

Objective To review critically the published data regarding the proposed association of ovulation induction, infertility, and an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Design A medline search was conducted to identify all case reports, epidemiologic studies, and clinical investigations containing data relevant to infertility, treatment of infertility, and the associated risk of ovarian cancer. Additional sources were obtained from reference lists of original research and review articles. Particular emphasis was placed on the most recently published reports examining these associations. Results Four case-control studies and three retrospective cohort studies, as well as a large meta-analysis of three additional case-control studies were identified as presenting the most pertinent clinical data. Conclusion Currently available data in the literature suggest that an association between ovulation induction and ovarian cancer does not indicate necessarily a causal effect. Infertility alone is an independent risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer. Nulliparous women with refractory infertility may harbor a particularly high risk of ovarian cancer, irrespective of their use of fertility drugs. Furthermore, the apparent association between fertility drug use and ovarian cancer may arise because these women are the most likely to have used ovulation-stimulating agents as part of their infertility treatment. Close clinical surveillance of patients before, during, and after treatment of infertility is warranted.
Temporal-spatial clustering of hand foot and mouth disease cases in Changping district,Beijing,2008- 2012

Objective To understand the epidimiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease( HFMD) in Changping district,Beijing during 2008- 2012 and provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control. Methods The incidence data of HFMD in Changping during this period were collected from national disease reporting information system. Retrospective spatial-temporal analysis of HFMD incidence by township and month was conducted with software SaTScan 9. 0 and software ArcGIS 9. 1 respectively. Results A total of 18 227 HFMD cases were reported in Changping during 2008- 2012 with an annual incidence of 324. 91 /lakh. HFMD showed obvious seasonality and the incidence peak was during April-June of a year. The cases in children aged ≥5 years accounted for 92. 93% of the total,and most affected children were those outside child care settings. HFMD occurred in all townships in Changping,but mainly in southern townships. Class 1 clustering occurred in 7 townships during May-August in 4 years during study period indicated by spatial-temporal scan statistic analysis( RR = 1. 83,P 0. 001). Conclusion HFMD had obvious seasonality and obvious place distribution in Changping during 2008- 2012. The high incidence areas were in southern part of rural-urban fringe zone. Preventive and control strategies for HFMD should be improved in these areas.
Synthesis and processing of hydrophobic surfactant protein C by isolated rat type II cells.

Surfactant protein C (SP-C) is a 3.7-kDa hydrophobic peptide isolated from organic extracts of pulmonary surfactant which is secreted by alveolar type II cells after synthesis and posttranslational...
Experimental Phase Relations and Occurrence of the Sodic Amphiboles

Hydrothermal phase equilibria for glaucophane and for glaucophane + quartz were determined by Ernst (1961). Starting materials were oxide mixtures in the appropriate stoichiometric proportions or glasses (+H2O) in most runs, but reaction reversals were demonstrated by recrystallizing synthetic crystalline assemblages, both at low and high fluid pressures. Charges of the bulk compositions Na2O·3MgO· Al2O3· 8SiO2+H2O and Na2O·3MgO·Al2O3·10SiO2+H2O never were crystallized completely to amphibole, but judging from the proportions among the anhydrous phases utilizing both x-ray and micrometric techniques, the hydrous phase was estimated to be essentially pure glaucophane. This synthetic amphibole has a unit cell volume roughly two percent greater than that of natural glaucophane. The experimentally determined ΔH for breakdown of this amphibole is approximately 325 + 60 kcal/mole, almost an order of magnitude larger than for dehydration reactions involving other OH-bearing silicates; such anolamous values for enthalpy change arise as a consequence of the steep dP/dT slope for the glaucophane thermal stability limit. The high temperature stability limit of this mineral is surprisingly high, 864 ± 5° C at 1000 bars fluid pressure, judging from its natural restriction to relatively low temperature metamorphic rocks. All these observations call into question the validity of relations presented in Figs. 42 and 43; nevertheless, equilibrium was demonstrated for the glaucophane bulk composition at 820 and 2000 bars and for the glaucophane + quartz bulk composition at 1500 bars by reversing the reactions.
Retrospective analysis of physical therapy utilization by the specificity of the diagnosis and order written on the referral.

ABSTRACTBackground: Arguments against reimbursement for direct access to physical therapy (PT) are that a physician examination is necessary to diagnose and that there is a potential for increased cost. Objective: To determine what percentage of PT referrals had a specific diagnosis and treatment orders. Additionally, specific and non-specific diagnoses and treatment orders were compared in regards to PT units billed, average visits per referral, and average cost per referral. Methods: The charts of 1,000 patients treated in outpatient PT underwent a retrospective chart review. Interferential statistics were used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between specific and non-specific diagnoses and treatment orders in regard to PT units billed, average visits per referral, and average cost per referral. Results: Twenty-nine percent of all referring diagnoses were non-specific in nature and 58% contained treatment orders that were non-specific. Charts with a specific diagnosis had...
Online Spatial Event Forecasting in Microblogs

Event forecasting from social media data streams has many applications. Existing approaches focus on forecasting temporal events (such as elections and sports) but as yet cannot forecast spatiotemporal events such as civil unrest and influenza outbreaks, which are much more challenging. To achieve spatiotemporal event forecasting, spatial features that evolve with time and their underlying correlations need to be considered and characterized. In this article, we propose novel batch and online approaches for spatiotemporal event forecasting in social media such as Twitter. Our models characterize the underlying development of future events by simultaneously modeling the structural contexts and their spatiotemporal burstiness based on different strategies. Both batch and online-based inference algorithms are developed to optimize the model parameters. Utilizing the trained model, the alignment likelihood of tweet sequences is calculated by dynamic programming. Extensive experimental evaluations on two different domains demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
A test of attention control theory in public speaking: cognitive load influences the relationship between state anxiety and verbal production

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationship between public-speaking state anxiety (PSA) and verbal communication performance when delivering a speech. In Study 1, participants delivered an extemporaneous five-minute classroom speech behind a lectern, and in Study 2, to increase cognitive load, participants delivered an extemporaneous five-minute classroom speech peripatetically. In line with attention control theory (ACT), anxiety and verbal performance were found to be unrelated under normal circumstances but inversely related under conditions of significant cognitive load. The project demonstrates the relevance of ACT in disentangling the impact of anxiety on verbal communication performance. An implication for public speakers is that anxiety is unlikely to affect language behavior in typical speaking settings.
Team-based data management instruction at small liberal arts colleges:

This paper describes a collaborative approach taken by librarians at five small, regional liberal arts colleges to developing/enhancing research data management services on their campuses. The five colleges collectively belong to a consortium known as the Northwest Five Consortium. Over 10 months, librarians from the five schools collaborated to plan a data management and curation workshop with the goals of developing relationships with researchers working with data, developing their own research data management skills and services, and building a model for future training and outreach around institutional research data management services. This workshop brought together research teams including faculty, students, and librarians, and incorporated active learning modules as well as in-depth pre-workshop discussion. This article will discuss the context and background for this workshop, the model itself, and the outcomes and possibilities for future developments.
Selecting patients for endovascular treatment of acute stroke

New prediction tool will improve decision making at a critical time Endovascular thrombectomy improves functional outcome in patients with severe stroke due to an occlusion of the internal carotid artery or proximal middle cerebral artery if the procedure is started within six hours from symptom onset. A recent meta-analysis found that, compared with standard treatment, for every 1000 patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy in addition to standard medical treatment, 167 more will attain a good outcome.1 The benefit is greatest for patients treated in the earliest time windows.2 In many countries, endovascular thrombectomy is the standard of care for eligible patients.3 But provision of this treatment requires expertise and resources that are not available in all hospitals. To improve access, regional systems of care have been reorganised to allow rapid identification and transfer …
Application of Edible Films Containing Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oil on Queso Blanco Cheese Prepared with Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Oil

Fortification of queso blanco (QB) with flaxseed oil (FO) containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may provide a functional food with health benefits such as improved cell, brain, and retina functionality, and protection against cardiovascular and immune-inflammatory diseases. However, QB experiences a short shelf life because of the early development of yeasts and molds and addition of FO may increase susceptibility to lipid oxidation. Oregano essential oil (OEO) is known for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, but due to its intense flavor compounds it may not be suitable for direct incorporation into QB. Thus, incorporation of OEO into an edible film prepared with whey protein isolate (WPI) may improve the shelf life of QB. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that FO was successfully retained by the cheese after homogenization. The thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substances (TBARS) and yeast and mold counts (YMC) of the wrapped cheeses were analyzed during 60 d of refrigerated storage. The oxidation rate increased significantly for nonwrapped QB containing FO (QBFO) during storage, however wrapping with WPI edible films containing OEO (WOF) significantly limited lipid oxidation and prevented growth of yeasts and molds. This study demonstrated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of WOF for preservation of QBFO during refrigerated storage.
Conceptual Frameworks to Guide Design

This is a response providing some thoughts triggered by the paper “Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling: Presumptive Aspects of Frameworks of Types and Levels of Automation,” by David Ka...
Abstract MP73: Systolic Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensives and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Background: Studies document a progressive increase in heart disease risk as systolic blood pressure (SBP) rises above 115mmHg, suggesting a benefit of treatment to a SBP Methods: Hypertensive participants at baseline (SBP/DBP >140/90mmHg, report of hypertension or taking BP medication) from ARIC, a prospective population-based study of black and white men and women from 4 US communities, were included. SBP measured at baseline and at three triennial visits was treated as a time-dependent variable and categorized as: Elevated (SBP >140), Standard (SBP 120-139) and Intensive (SBP Results: After median follow-up of 20.8 years, a total of 1,111 incident HF events occurred in 4,802 hypertensives. Participants with elevated SBP had less HF-free survival compared to those with intensive group (log-rank p 0.05). Further adjustment for BP medication use at baseline did not significantly affect the results. Conclusion: Hypertension control is necessary to prevent HF. Our results suggest that among hypertensives, having elevated SBP carries the highest risk for HF but in this categorical analysis we observed no risk difference between the standard and intensive SBP groups.
1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene (TMB) as a new quencher for preserving redox-labile disinfection byproducts and for quantifying free chlorine and free bromine

Sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and ascorbic acid are commonly used to quench free chlorine and free bromine in studies of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water, wastewater, and recreational water. The reducing capabilities of these quenchers, however, can lead to the degradation of some redox-labile analytes. Ammonium chloride, another common quencher, converts free chlorine into monochloramine and is therefore inappropriate for analytes susceptible to chloramination. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB) as a quencher of free chlorine and free bromine. The reactivity of TMB toward free chlorine was characterized previously. The reactivity of TMB toward free bromine was quantified herein (kHOBr,TMB = 3.35 × 106 M−1 s−1) using competition kinetics. To explore the feasibility of TMB serving as a free halogen quencher for kinetic experiments, chlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol, bromination of anisole, and chlorination and bromination of dimethenamid-P were examined. Although TMB does not react with free chlorine or free bromine as quickly as do some (but not all) traditional quenchers, there was generally no significant difference in the experimental rate constants with TMB (relative to thiosulfate) as the quencher. By monitoring the chlorination and bromination products of TMB, free halogen residuals in quenched samples were quantified. Furthermore, TMB did not affect the stabilities of DBPs (e.g., chloropicrin and bromoacetonitriles) that otherwise degraded in the presence of traditional quenchers. TMB could, therefore, be an appropriate quencher of free chlorine and free bromine in aqueous halogenation experiments involving redox-labile analytes and/or when selective quantification of residual free halogens is desired.
The Role of Pharmacokinetics in the Drug Development Process

Ten critical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters should be determined for each new drug, both in test animal species and in man. These ten parameters, listed in order of importance, are: 1) clearance, 2) effective concentrations, 3) extent of availability, 4) fraction of the available dose excreted unchanged, 5) the blood/plasma concentration ratio, 6) half-life, 7) toxic concentrations, 8) protein binding, 9) volume of distribution, and 10) rate of availability.
Flow cytometry for assessment of the tumor microenvironment in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background The role of flow cytometry in diagnosis and management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains limited. As knowledge emerges of the tumor microenvironment in this disease, various methods are being evaluated in its study. This study examines the microenvironment using flow cytometry to assess differences between subtypes and clinicopathologic correlates. Procedure A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed analyzing the tumor immunophenotype, by flow cytometry, for 31 children with classical HL. Correlation was made with patient information, including outcome. Results The makeup of the tumor microenvironment varies across subtype of HL, with T cells predominating in nodular sclerosis (NS), and similar proportions of B and T cells in mixed cellularity (MC). CD4 cells predominate in NS, whereas CD8 more so in MC subtype. The rate of continuous complete remission is significantly higher in the MC subgroup. Last, the proportion of HLA-DR/CD38 copositive lymphocytes was an independent prognostic factor for relapse/refractoriness. Conclusions This study indicates that flow cytometry can be used to examine the tumor microenvironment in HL and that percentage of HLA-DR/CD38 copositive lymphocytes may be a biomarker for relapse and refractoriness in pediatric HL.
Bilateral Subthalmic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation With Microelectrode Recordings in the Setting of Mild Inherited Hemophilia B: A Case Report

Hemophilia B is an X linked recessive deficiency of factor IX that presents with a range of clinical severity that co-relates with factor levels. Although guidelines exist to guide perioperative he...
Treatment Response Assessment of Skeletal Metastases in Prostate Cancer with 18F-NaF PET/CT.

To determine the utility of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-NaF PET/CT) in the imaging assessment of therapy response in men with osseous-only metastatic prostate cancer. In this Institutional Review Board–approved single institution retrospective investigation, we evaluated 21 18F-NaF PET/CT scans performed in 14 patients with osseous metastatic disease from prostate cancer and no evidence of locally recurrent or soft-tissue metastatic disease who received chemohormonal therapy. Imaging-based qualitative and semi-quantitative parameters were defined and compared with changes in serum PSA level. Qualitative and semi-quantitative image-based assessments demonstrated > 80% concordance with good correlation (SUVmax κ = 0.71, SUVavg κ = 0.62, SUVsum κ = 0.62). Moderate correlation (κ = 0.43) was found between SUVmax and PSA-based treatment response assessments. There was no statistically significant correlation between PSA-based disease progression and semi-quantitative parameters. Qualitative imaging assessment was moderately correlated (κ = 0.52) with PSA in distinguishing responders and non-responders. 18F-NaF PET/CT is complementary to biochemical monitoring in patients with bone-only metastases from prostate cancer which can be helpful in subsequent treatment management decisions.
HUBUNGAN KOMPETENSI PENERJEMAH DAN KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN

Abstrak Kompetensi penerjemahan merupakan pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang dimiliki penerjemah untuk menghasilkan terjemahan dengan kualitas yang baik. Kompetensi penerjemahan salah satunya meliputi latar belakang pendidikan dan atau pelatihan penerjemahan yang pernah ditempuh penerjemah. Walaupun begitu, banyak penerjemah di Indonesia yang tidak memiliki latar belakang pendidikan dan atau pelatihan penerjemahan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara kompetensi penerjemahan, khususnya latar belakang pendidikan dan atau pelatihan penerjemahan, dengan kualitas hasil terjemahan para penerjemah. Dari analisis studi pustaka yang telah dilakukan terhadap beberapa penelitian terdahulu mengenai korelasi antara kompetensi penerjemahan dengan kualitas terjemahan, peneliti menemukan bahwa kompetensi penerjemahan mempengaruhi kualitas terjemahan yang dihasilkan penerjemah. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Penerjemahan, Kualitas Terjemahan, Latar Belakang Pendidikan dan atau Pelatihan Penerjemahan Abstract Translation competencies are knowledge and abilities owned by a translator to produce good quality translations. One of the translation competencies includes the educational background and / or translation training that have been taken by the translator. Nevertheless, there are many translators in Indonesia who do not have the educational and / or translation training backgrounds. With this in mind, this research analyzes the relationship between the translation competencies, especially the educational background and / or translation training, with the quality of the translation results. From the analysis of literature studies that have been done by several previous researchers regarding to the correlations between the translation competencies and the quality of translations, the writer found that the translation competencies affected the quality of translations produced by the translator. Keywords: Translation Competencies, Quality of Translations, Educational and / or Translation Training
Everything Blended: Engaging Combinations, Appropriations, Bricolage, and Syncretisms in Our Teaching and Research

In this essay, I open a discussion on how the blending and combining of cultural elements are understood and engaged in our classrooms and research. Specifically, I do two things. First, I illustrate that combining and blending practices, while perhaps more visible in the contemporary period, are a constant in American religious history. Second, I provide a case study of Third Wave Spiritual Warfare that heeds the anthropologist Charles Stewart’s suggestion that one useful way to approach syncretism (and its synonyms) is by examining the discourses and debates that individuals and groups have over what activities and ideas are viewed as such. Overall, I argue that we need to develop a method for both teaching and examining the appropriative bricolage that makes up religious practices.
Ethylene Intersystem Crossing Caught in the Act by Photofragment Sulfur Atoms.

Ethylene, C2H4, the simplest π-bonded molecule, is of enormous fundamental and commercial importance. Its lowest triplet state, in which the CH2 moieties occupy perpendicular planes, is well known ...
Structural Racism and Criminal Violence: An Analysis of State-Level Variation in Homicide:

We advance a structural racism approach to understanding the variation in homicide across the U.S. states. We conceptualize structural racism by juxtaposing the conditions for Blacks with those for...
Abstract 1442: Targeting ATM kinase and mTOR signaling reverses bone marrow stromal cell-mediated protection of FLT3-ITD AML from FLT3-targeted therapy

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) are among the most common mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD causes constitutive activation of FLT3, and the strong evidence that activated FLT3 drives leukemogenesis has led to the development of several FLT3-targeted inhibitors. However, clinical studies of FLT3-targeted inhibitors have demonstrated much more effective clearing of leukemic burden in the periphery than in the bone marrow, implicating the bone marrow microenvironment as a potential contributor to drug resistance. As previously reported, the conditioned media of human bone marrow stromal cells (CM-BMSC) protects human FLT3-ITD AML cells from the killing effect of FLT3-targeted therapy despite complete inhibition of FLT3. We further show that genetic knockdown of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) in combination with FLT3 inhibition substantially reverses the protection from cell death mediated by CM-BMSC. While autophosphorylation activity of ATM is downregulated upon FLT3 inhibition in regular media, CM-BMSC prevented the loss of ATM activity. Interestingly, genetic knockdown of ATM in human FLT3-ITD AML cells impaired the activity of mTOR Complex 1, and unbiased analyses of gene expression and signaling pathways by RNA-seq analysis and Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) showed that mTOR signaling is downregulated with FLT3 inhibition in regular media, coinciding with marked inhibition of the protein translation machinery. Both mTOR signaling and protein translation were maintained during FLT3 inhibition in the presence of CM-BMSC. Furthermore, human FLT3-ITD AML cells treated with mTOR inhibitor everolimus in combination with the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib reversed the protection mediated by CM-BMSC, and combination therapies are currently being tested in mouse models. These data suggest that ATM kinase and mTOR signaling play a key role in bone marrow stoma-mediated protection against FLT3 targeted therapy. Findings from this research provide new insights into the mechanism of bone marrow stroma-mediated protection of FLT3-ITD AML from FLT3-targeted therapy, identifying additional candidates for combinatorial therapies designed to overcome the protective effects of bone marrow stromal cells and improve patient outcomes. Citation Format: Hae J. Park, Mark A. Gregory, Vadym Zaberezhnyy, James DeGregori. Targeting ATM kinase and mTOR signaling reverses bone marrow stromal cell-mediated protection of FLT3-ITD AML from FLT3-targeted therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1442.
Distortion of Tollmien-Schlichting waves by leading-edge vortices

The base flow consists of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves generated by a vibrating ribbon in a Blasius boundary layer. For small ribbon amplitudes, the waves are 2D and the growth agrees with linear theory. High-resolution 3D studies, using larger ribbon amplitudes, demonstrate the onset of K-type secondary instability, leading to the formation of vortex loops. Streamwise vortices are embedded in the layer by introducing Free Stream Nonuniformity (FSN) in the form of a laminar wake from a fine wire. The vortices locally distort the phase and amplitude distributions of the waves and a different type of breakdown process is observed.