cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reliability study of laser trimmed NiCr kerfs

Visually acceptable, laser-trimmed nickel-chromium (nichrome) resistors were investigated for electrical stability after microanalysis data showed residual material in the lazed area. Electrical testing indicates that the amount of residual material in the kerf does not related to resistor instability when the applied voltage is less than 5 V. Analytical data show that the laser energy used to trim the nichrome resistor is sufficient to physically and chemically disrupt the nichrome structure. The disruption of the nichrome results in a stable chemical equilibrium within the kerf. Residual material in the kerf, resulting from decreased laser power or focus, is not a condition that causes device instability. >
Long-term, low-dose warfarin among venous thrombosis patients with and without factor V Leiden mutation: rationale and design for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (PREVENT) trial

Standard therapy for patients with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism typically includes anticoagulation for a 3-6 month period with full dose warfarin. However, patients following this regimen experience high rates of recurrent thrombosis, re-hospitalization and mortality in the years immediately following cessation of anticoagulation. This is true for patients at average risk of disease recurrence, and for patients at elevated risk due to the presence of inherited defects of anticoagulation such as factor V Leiden mutation. Unfortunately, no clinical regimen currently available has proven to have sufficient benefit to support long-term prophylaxis. In particular, full dose warfarin is associated with substantially increased risks of hemorrhage when used on a long term basis. In contrast, while targeted low-dose warfarin (INR 1.5-2.0) is safe for long-term therapy, the efficacy of this approach in the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolic disease has remained untested. The Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (PREVENT) trial will evaluate the efficacy of prolonged treatment with low-dose warfarin in the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Patients with a history of documented idiopathic venous thrombosis who have completed a standard course of anticoagulation therapy will be enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing usual care plus targeted low-dose warfarin to usual care plus placebo for a period of up to 4 years. Trial endpoints will include recurrent VTE, major bleeding episodes and all-cause mortality in the total patient population and separately in those patients with factor V Leiden. The potential clinical impact of the PREVENT trial is broad since a positive finding would strongly support chronic low-intensity anticoagulation among patients with venous thrombosis who are at risk for recurrence following cessation of standard outpatient anticoagulation.
REDUCTION OF DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS OVER GRAPHS

In this paper we study phase space relations in a certain class of discrete dynamical systems over graphs. The systems we investigate are called Sequential Dynamical Systems (SDSs), which are a class of dynamical systems that provide a framework for analyzing computer simulations. Specifically, an SDS consists of (i) a finite undirected graph Y with vertex set {1,2,…,n} where each vertex has associated a binary state, (ii) a collection of Y-local functions (Fi,Y)i∈v[Y] with and (iii) a permutation π of the vertices of Y. The SDS induced by (i)–(iii) is the map The paper is motivated by a general reduction theorem for SDSs which guarantees the existence of a phase space embedding induced by a covering map between the base graphs of two SDSs. We use this theorem to obtain information about phase spaces of certain SDSs over binary hypercubes from the dynamics of SDSs over complete graphs. We also investigate covering maps over binary hypercubes, , and circular graphs, Circn. In particular we show that there exists a covering map if and only if 2n≡0 mod n+1. Furthermore, we provide an interpretation of a class of invertible SDSs over circle graphs as right-shifts of length n-2 over {0,1}2n-2. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how we can extend a given covering map to a covering map over certain extended graphs.
Hydrodynamic arrest of a flat body moving towards a parallel surface at arbitrary Reynolds number

The motion of a flat body towards a parallel plane surface in incompressible fluid is considered both in the presence and absence of an applied force for a non-vanishing initial velocity. In the inviscid limit, a first integral of the equations is obtained and analytic solutions are presented for the cases of finite body inertia with zero applied force and finite applied force with negligible body inertia. In the former case when the ratio of body inertia to fluid inertia is large, a singular behaviour is observed in the arrest of the body before impact wherein the time-dependent pressure and radial velocity of the fluid exhibit a sharp peak and there is a large transfer of kinetic energy from the body to the thin fluid layer. For a real fluid, a general procedure is described to obtain solutions at arbitrary Reynolds number for naturally occurring initial velocity conditions. Solutions to the full Navier-Stokes equations are obtained for an arbitrary Reynolds number based on gap height which are valid provided the flow remains laminar and the gap height is small. In general, the equations of motion of the body and fluid are both dynamically and kinematically coupled. The dynamic coupling, however, is removed when the body inertia is neglected. In particular, the cases of hydrodynamic arrest with zero applied force, and draining of the fluid under a constant applied force are considered. The natural initial conditions lead to a new exact similarity solution of the Navier-Stokes equations which is valid for an instantaneous time-dependent Re based on gap height of greater than approximately 100, wherein the top and bottom boundary layers remain distinct. The longer time portions of the motion and the final arrest are described by a numerical calculation for intermediate Reynolds number and a low-Reynolds-number analysis.
40Ar/39Ar chronology of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming: eruption rates, erosion rates, and an evolving temperature structure of the underlying mantle

Abstract The lamproite lavas of the Leucite Hills, Wyoming comprise an isolated volcanic field of mesas and buttes, which erupted onto a thick sequence of K/T shales and sandstones. Volcanic activity spanned the interval from 3.0 to 0.89 Ma, during which time 3 of magma were erupted. Approximately 84% of the magma was erupted within a 10–90 ky interval (between 0.94 and 0.89 Ma), with an average eruption rate of ∼5 m 3 /km 2 /yr (more than an order of magnitude lower than the ‘background trickle’ eruption rate at continental arcs). The eruption rate prior to this burst of activity, between 3.0 and 0.94 Ma, was two orders of magnitude lower at ∼0.02 m 3 /km 2 /yr. There is a strong correlation ( r 2 =0.99) between the height of the volcanic mesas (the volcanic cap protects the underlying sediment from erosion) and their eruption age, providing an average sediment erosion rate of 0.113±0.002 mm/yr over the last 2.5 million years. Recent seismic studies indicate that the Leucite Hills volcanic field overlies an abrupt transition in lithospheric structure between the Archean craton to the north (with fast upper mantle seismic velocities) and the Colorado Plateau to the south (with a low-velocity zone similar to that beneath East Pacific Rise spreading ridge). The trigger for the Leucite Hills magmatism may be related, therefore, to the recent emplacement of asthenospheric mantle immediately to the south and not necessarily to the more distant Yellowstone hotspot to the north.
Importance of Correcting Isokinetic Peak Torque for the Effect of Gravity when Calculating Knee Flexor to Extensor Muscle Ratios

The purpose of our investigation was to compare, for the hamstring and quadriceps femoris muscles, peak torque values uncorrected for gravity with the peak torque values corrected for gravity and to determine the effect of making this correction on the hamstring to quadriceps femoris muscle peak torque ratio at slow and fast isokinetic speeds. We measured peak torques isokinetically at 60 degrees/sec (slow) and 240 degrees/sec (fast) in 25 female university soccer players. The gravity effect torque (GET) is the torque resulting from the effect of gravity on the combined weight of the leg and dynamometer arm at the precise angle of extension and flexion peak torque. The GET was added to the measured quadriceps femoris muscle peak torque and subtracted from the hamstring muscle peak torque to yield gravity corrected values. Failure to consider GET greatly underestimated quadriceps femoris muscle torque and overestimated hamstring muscle torque and the ratio between these torques at both speeds. Whereas the uncorrected hamstring to quadriceps femoris muscle peak torque ratio increased as speeds went from 60 degrees/sec to 240 degrees/sec, the gravity corrected ratio significantly decreased. Clinicians must remember the importance of making the gravity correction in patients with reduced torque output where the gravitational torque is a greater percentage of the measured torque to ascertain correctly the relative strength of antagonists inversely affected by gravity.
Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Wake/Blade Interactions in Low Pressure Turbine Flows Using an Intermittency Transport Equation

An extensive computational investigation of the effects of unsteady wake/blade interactions on transition and separation in low-pressure turbines has been performed by numerical simulations of two recent sets of experiments using an intermittency transport equation. The experiments considered have been performed by Kasieta and Simon and Stieger in order to investigate the effects of periodically passing wakes on laminar-to-turbulent transition and separation in low-pressure turbines, The test sections were designed to simulate unsteady wakes in turbine engines for studying their effects on boundary layers and separated flow regions over the suction surface. The numerical simulations of the unsteady wake/blade interaction experiments have been performed using an intermittency transport model. The intermittent behavior of the transitional flows is taken into account and incorporated into computations by modifying the eddy viscosity, with the intermittency factor. Turbulent quantities are predicted by using Menter's two-equation turbulence model (SST). The intermittency factor is obtained from the transport equation model, which can produce both the experimentally observed streamwise variation of intermittency and a realistic profile in the cross-stream direction. Computational results are compared to the experiments. Overall, general trends are captured and prediction capabilities of the intermittency transport model for simulations of unsteady wake/blade interaction flowfields are demonstrated.
Refitting fantasy: Psychoanalysis subjectivity, and talking to the dead

This essay works toward an integration of psychoanalysis and rhetorical theory in response to the poststructural critique of mediation. I argue that the concept of communication, usually understood as the mediation or reconciliation of Self and Other, is based on what Lacan termed the “fundamental fantasy.” Distinct from the conscious fantasies usually analyzed by rhetorical critics, the fundamental fantasy is an underlying psychical structure that channels desire, usually a subject's desire for the Other's desire. I argue that conscious fantasies yield a sense of agency, but only as iterations of this more fundamental fantasy thriving in the unconscious. To illustrate this psychoanalytic understanding of fantasy and subjectivity, I examine the rhetoric of John Edward, a popular television psychic and medium who persuades people that he can talk to the dead.
Some Remarks On Blackwell–Ross Martingale Inequalities

Under a suitable condition on the conditional moment generating function of the martingale differences, an exponential supermartingale is used to generalize certain martingale inequalities due to Blackwell and Ross.
GLOBAL SUSHI: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BLUEFIN TUNA FISHERY IN THE MODERN ERA

The bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean has a long history of human interaction. In recent times, this fishery has become the central source of bluefin tuna for core nations, particularly Japan. This process was set off in large part by the growth of global fish markets, driven by the valuable sushi and sashimi market, and overfishing of other bluefin stocks in other parts of the world. The transformation of this fishery from an artisanal trap fishery to a globalized industrial fishery has had a number of social and environmental consequences. Based on in-depth fieldwork and historical research, this paper examines the political economy of the bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean, with a focus on Sicily. It provides a descriptive history of the changing conditions in this fishery, paying special attention to the modern fishery. This research contributes to the discussions regarding the globalization and industrialization of agri-food systems and environmental degradation.
Maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity adjusted to isotherm models in representative soils of Eastern Amazon.

Most soils of the Amazon present low natural fertility and may also present high phosphorus (P)–fixation capacity. Clay fraction mineralogy, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and pH are among the factors that influence P adsorption. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the maximum P-adsorption capacity (MPAC) and correlate parameters of the isotherm models and the MPAC with soil attributes. Soil samples were collected in 12 forest soils in the state of Para. We built Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and their parameters correlated with soil attributes. MPAC was greater in Plinthosols, among the soils studied at both depths. In superficial soil layers, the parameters of Langmuir-Freundlich equations correlated with clay content, pH, organic matter (OM), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3) at both depths. The Langmuir model is more representative of the adsorption of P relative to the Freundlich model for the Amazon region soils, where it is necessary to make use of organic matter ...
Stability of Blood in Commonly Used Anticoagulants: Use of Refrigerated Blood for Quality Control of the Coulter Counter Model S

We studied the stability of blood collected into four commonly used anticoagulants at refrigerator and room temperatures. Blood collected into tripotassium or disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate was stable for 24 hr. in the refrigerator for white and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration, determined both by conventional methods and by the Coulter Counter Model S. In all four anticoagulants studied there was slight swelling of the red cells on storage at room temperature. The stability of refrigerated blood collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetate permits the use of stored patient specimens as a test material for quality control of the Model S. We have introduced a practical method, which has advantages over the use of commercial cell controls.
Effects of Phenobarbital on Hypothalamic LHRH and Catecholamine Turnover Rates in Proestrous Rats

AbstractIn previous studies we observed that LHRH concentrations increase in the preoptic-suprachiasmatic tuberoinfundibular system (PSTS) during the morning hours of proestrus when norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) turnover rates are low. Concomitant with the preovulatory surge in gonadotropins, NE turnover rates increase, DA turnovers decrease, and LHRH declines in PSTS. The present studies examine the effects of phenobarbital (PB) on these proestrous events. PB, when given at 0900 hr proestrus, does not prevent the rise in median eminence (ME) LHRH which occurs between 0900 and 1200 hr. When the barbiturate is administered at 1200 hr, LH, FSH, and prolactin proestrous surges are blocked. While PB (given at 1200 hr) does not affect the increase in turnover rates of NE and DA which occur between 1200 and 1400 hr proestrus it markedly suppressed NE turnover rates in ME and suprachiasmatic nuclei but not in the medial preoptic nuclei between 1500 and 1700 hr. The decline in ME-DA which occurs between 1...
SELF-IMAGE OF SOCIAL WORKERS

105 female social workers described themselves using Gough and Heilbrun's Adjective Check List. They scored higher on Achievement, Endurance, Dominance, Self-control, Order, Self-confidence, Defensiveness, Personal Adjustment, and Aggression among other variables and lower on Number of Unfavorable Adjectives Checked, Affiliation, and Succorance than the norms for females.
Patterns of personality disorder comorbidity in early-onset versus late-onset major depression.

This study tested the hypothesis that in a population of adult outpatients with major depression, those with an early onset of depression would have a greater prevalence of personality disorders than those with a late onset of depression. Method : The 404 subjects were patients participating in depression treatment studies at the Massachusetts General Hospital. They were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Version to assess the current presence of major depression and the age at onset of the initial depressible episode. The subjects were then divided into two groups : those with early onset (before 18 years of age) and those with late onset (at age 18 or later). The prevalence of personality disorders was determined through use of the physician-rated Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II) and the patient-rated Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R). Results : The patients with early onset ofmajor depression had a significantly higher prevalence of avoidant, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders according to the SCID-II. The PDQ-R scores indicated that avoidant, dependent, passive-aggressive, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders were significantly more prevalent among the patients with early onset of major depression. Conclusions : Overall, the results are consistent with the view that early-onset depressive illness is distinguished from late-onset major depression by more frequent association with persistent disturbances in behaviors and attitudes.
Marx, Marxism and Human Rights

We live in strange, almost unbelievable, and certainly scary time. In a scene right out of the 1931 film Frankenstein, 70,000 Poles brandishing torches marched in protest of immigrants in Poland. Demonstrations like this are repeated in Germany, France, and much of Western Europe as rightwing (some say fascist) parties witness increasing support in local and even national elections. One Republican US presidential aspirant urges the use of torture and advocates the killing of families of known (and perhaps suspected) terrorists. Another claims the only way to control terror is to increase police presence and vigorously patrol Muslim communities in the US (never mind that there are no calls to do the same in right-wing Christian areas – a scan of murders will show that in the US since 9/11 more people were killed by anti-abortionists and anti-government activists than by Islamic extremists). France has considered revoking the citizenship of terrorists, broadly defined, while US politicians ponder the degree to which we might deport people and block all immigration from Muslim nations. Add to that, and much to the horror of most compassionate observers, millions of people displaced by the madness in Syria, Iraq and most of the Middle East and North Africa live in limbo as they must flee the warfare and destruction in their own lands but are shunned by countries in a position to take them in and offer safety and support. The United States, a country founded on the backs of immigrants, perhaps literally (and on the genocide of native peoples and African slaves), is increasingly sounding like a country trying to protect some sort of national identity (whatever that may be) through restrictions on immigration. Citizens of a country, where most don’t have to go back more than two or three generations in their own family histories to find immigrant tales of struggle and success, now pretend that they must protect the US from ... what? In short, people in this country are defending rights and privileges they never had in the first place. The world is facing a crisis over human rights, whether it is about the treatment of minorities and women everywhere, about the plight of child laborers and the growing business of human (and mainly female) trafficking, about the access to clean and safe drinking water (see Fasenfest and Pride, 2016, for events in the US), or about problems facing people dispossessed of their homes, whether occupied by foreign forces (like Palestinians) or dealing with forces in opposition to their governments (for example, areas controlled by Boko Haram in Nigeria). Human rights include the right to work, to be free to express cultural differences, equality before the law, the right to selfdetermination, access to education, access to safe food and water, expectations of social security and many more rights, as outlined or implied in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Yet these seemingly basic standards are not being met, and so people suffer. 645720 CRS0010.1177/0896920516645720Critical SociologyEditorial research-article2016
Canine transposition in prehistoric Pakistan: Bronze Age and Iron Age case reports.

Abstract This report documents two prehistoric cases of canine-first premolar transposition (Mx.C.P1) from the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Recent discussion of the etiology of canine transposition ...
Talking back to controlling images: Latinos’ changing responses to racism over the life course

ABSTRACT‘Controlling images’ are central to the reproduction of racial, class, and gender inequality, yet there is a dearth of knowledge pertaining to Latinos. Drawing from sixty-two in-depth, life history interviews with Latino men, we ask: How do controlling images of Latinos as gang members and sports athletes impose constraints and channel emotions? How do Latinos respond to these images? We document how institutions and people deploying controlling images blockade access to education and upward mobility. We find that life course stage shapes Latinos’ responses to this imagery. In their youth, Latino respondents used emotional strategies to resist racial subjugation. As adults, respondents resisted racist controlling images through leadership activities in the professional realm. Since adults possess more social power than youth, adults were better equipped to engage in leadership endeavours as resistance as compared to youth who, constrained by age, predominately utilized emotional resistance strategies.
The Lonely Voice

Three posthumous volumes completed the list of Forster’s new publications up to 1980: Maurice in 1971, ‘The Life to Come’ and other stories in 1972, and ‘Arctic Summer’ and other fiction in 1980.1 This last is a collection of working fragments, fascinating and very valuable for the light that they shed on the composition of other completed works. Maurice, the ‘homosexual novel’ that most of his friends knew about and many had read in manuscript, appeared before the story collection, but it was his work on the stories that inspired Forster to make one last effort to put the manuscript of Maurice into the form in which he wished to leave it to his literary executors.
Evolution of American Agricultural Trade Policy and European Interaction

United States trade and agricultural policies cannot be fully understood without reference to their historical and contemporary European counterparts. Policy with respect to using the international market and trade instruments to produce specific outcomes in the farm and the food-budget sectors is still relatively young and undeveloped. It does not compare, for example, with the long history of protection for farmers, such as that adopted by France in the nineteenth century, or of explicitly protecting consumers through cheap imports while carefully rationing public expenditures for farm-income support or modernisation, as was the policy in Britain until she applied to join the European Community.
A novel approach to clonality analysis. Alterations in genomic methylation of Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphocytes.

Summary We have studied eight different Epstein-Barr virus transformed cell lines (EBV-LCL) with respect to genomic methylation at a single locus, M-bcr (the major breakpoint cluster region of chronic myelogenous leukemia). Restriction digests with the methylation sensitive enzyme, Hpall, illustrated marked differences in M-bcr methylation patterns between the various cell lines. Some of the cell lines displayed prominent allelic heterogeneity: within each of these samples there were numerous different M-bcr/Hpall allelic fragments on Southern analysis. Other cell lines displayed allelic predominance: within each of these samples a limited number of M-bcr/Hpall allelic fragments predominated. Analysis of Immunoglobulin JH rearrangements demonstrated a close correlation between clonal complexity (i.e. the number of rearranged JH fragments) and allelic heterogeneity of M-bcr methylation (i.e. the number of M-bcr/Hpall fragments). We conclude that analysis of genomic methylation in the M-bcr locus may offer a novel approach to clonality determination in EBV transformed lymphocytes.
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting are frequent complaints during pregnancy. Symptoms can range from mildly bothersome to severely debilitating, even requiring hospitalization. Management should include dietary counseling as well as medications. Hyperemesis gravidarum is rare, but should be suspected if patients lose more than 5% of the body weight [1].
Novel Loci Underlie Natural Variation in Vitamin E Levels in Maize Grain

Tocopherols, tocotrienols, and plastochromanols (collectively termed tocochromanols) are lipid-soluble antioxidants synthesized by all plants. Their dietary intake, primarily from seed oils, provides vitamin E and other health benefits. Tocochromanol biosynthesis has been dissected in the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, which has green, photosynthetic seeds, but our understanding of tocochromanol accumulation in major crops, whose seeds are nonphotosynthetic, remains limited. To understand the genetic control of tocochromanols in grain, we conducted a joint linkage and genome-wide association study in the 5000-line U.S. maize (Zea mays) nested association mapping panel. Fifty-two quantitative trait loci for individual and total tocochromanols were identified, and of the 14 resolved to individual genes, six encode novel activities affecting tocochromanols in plants. These include two chlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes that explain the majority of tocopherol variation, which was not predicted given that, like most major cereal crops, maize grain is nonphotosynthetic. This comprehensive assessment of natural variation in vitamin E levels in maize establishes the foundation for improving tocochromanol and vitamin E content in seeds of maize and other major cereal crops.
Positive Attitude Toward Math Supports Early Academic Success: Behavioral Evidence and Neurocognitive Mechanisms.

Positive attitude is thought to impact academic achievement and learning in children, but little is known about its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. Using a large behavioral sample of 240 chil...
Special Session: Exploring and Discovering Concepts via POGIL

As a form of active learning, POGIL (Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning) engages students by grouping them in teams to work collaboratively through activities and construct their own understanding of computer science content. POGIL activities are carefully designed to foster student learning by guiding students through a learning cycle of exploration, concept invention and application. Computer science assignments typically emphasize application questions and problems, where students are expected to apply the new concept to different applications (e.g., writing multiple programs involving while-loops). In contrast, POGIL activities require students to first explore a model, possibly by asking critical thinking questions about some code and its output, before leading students to recognize patterns in the model, thereby helping them to form a better understanding of the new CS concept. Only after students have explored and developed an understanding of the concept, do the POGIL activities proceed to more traditional application questions. Studies of POGIL's effectiveness in STEM classrooms have generally found that (1) attrition is lower for POGIL than for traditional courses; (2) content mastery is greater than for traditional instruction; (3) students prefer POGIL over traditional methods; (4) students have more positive attitudes about the course and the instructors; and (5) learning skills appear to improve during the course. These advantages have drawn many Computer Science instructors to adopt POGIL in their classrooms, but very few instructors are developing POGIL activities for Python, even though Python lends itself well to learning cycle questions as an interpreted language. All CS instructors, but especially Python instructors, can benefit from adding exploration and concept invention questions to assignments before asking application questions.The growing popularity of Jupyter Notebooks makes it even easier for instructors to embed learning cycle questions in Python (or any other Jupyter supported programming language). This special session will provide SIGCSE attendees the opportunity to experience a CS POGIL activity for themselves, before introducing attendees to the learning cycle. Attendees will be view several examples of exploration and concept invention questions, which should be helpful to anyone creating CS assignments, not just POGIL instructors. The presenters will provide a short tour of two collections of POGIL activities in Python before the question and answer period.
Material properties of the brain in injury-relevant conditions - Experiments and computational modeling.

Abstract Material properties of the brain have been extensively studied but remain poorly characterized. The vast variations in constitutive models and material constants are well documented. However, no study exists to translate the variations into disparities in impact-induced brain strains most relevant to brain injury. Here, we reviewed a subset of injury-relevant brain material properties either characterized in experiments or adopted in recent head injury models. To highlight how variations in measured brain material properties manifested in simulated brain strains, we selected six experiments that have provided a complete set of brain material model and constants to implement a common head injury model. Responses resulting from two extreme events representing a high-rate cadaveric head impact and a low-rate in vivo head rotation, respectively, varied substantially. We hypothesized, and further confirmed, that the time-varying shear moduli at the appropriate time scales (e.g., ~5 ms and ~40 ms corresponding to the impulse durations of the major acceleration peaks for the two impacts, respectively), rather than the initial or long-term shear moduli, were the most indicative of impact-induced brain strains. These results underscored the need to implement measured brain material properties into an actual head injury model for evaluation. They may also provide guidelines to better characterize brain material properties in future experiments and head injury models. Finally, our finding provided a practical solution to satisfy head injury model validation requirements at both ends of the impact severity spectrum. This would improve the confidence in model simulation performance across a range of time scales relevant to concussion and sub-concussion in the real-world.
Maximizing sustainability of existing buildings within limited upgrade budgets

Existing buildings, especially aging ones, are currently in urgent need of upgrading to improve their performance and potentially achieve green certification. Building owners often need to identify...
Pharmacological interventions for obesity: current and future targets.

Obesity in the USA has been on a constant rise since the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began tracking it over 50 years ago. Despite focused attention on this epidemic, pharmacological treatments aimed at obesity are lacking. Here, we briefly give perspective on the central and peripheral mechanisms underlying feeding behaviors and describe the existing pharmacological treatments for obesity. With this lens, I suggest future targets for the treatment of obesity. Given the development of genetic and molecular tools, understanding of how energy expenditure is modulated is becoming more nuanced. There is growing evidence for a link between obesity and addiction, which should be utilized in the development of new pharmacological treatments. More focus is needed on identifying targets for anti-obesity pharmacology. In doing so, research should include intensive investigation of the brain’s reward circuitry.
π+p elastic scattering at 3.6 GeV/c

Abstract The elastic scattering of 3.6 GeV/ c π + mesons by protons has been studied in a hydrogen bubble chamber experiment. The elastic cross section has a measured value of 7.07 ± 0.20 mb. The forward diffraction peak has been fitted in the region 0.05 ≦ − t ≦ 0.6 (GeV/ c ) 2 by a form (d σ /d t ) = Ae Bt , where A = 46.5 ± 1.8 mb/(GeV/ c ) 2 and B = 6.85 ± 0.20 (GeV/ c ) −2 . From this fit and the optical theorem, the magnitude of the ratio of real to imaginary forward amplitude is 0.39 ± 0.06, in reasonable agreement with dispersion relation calculations and simple Regge model predictions.
Repacking and Inventorying Federal Spectrum: The Role of Federal Employees

Federal radio engineers have the expertise and job description to perform federal spectrum repacking. However, these federal employees have high costs of coordination due to administrative constraints. The inter-agency structure of federal spectrum management creates fragmentation on spectrum decisions. Radio engineers are disaggregated from their counterparts in other agencies and removed from policy decisions made by spectrum policy committees. Several proposals for institutions to manage federal spectrum have been advanced this year to bring federal spectrum into a modern organizational service. Institutional reform requires a closer analysis of the role of federal employees who perform repacking and inventory of federal spectrum. Institutional reform is needed to incorporate best practices from federal property management to federal radio spectrum reallocation to better align incentives of federal employees, particularly engineers who manage custom and localized federal radio equipment.
Multilayer Dielectric End-Fire Antenna With Enhanced Gain

The effect of a low permittivity cladding used in a multilayer end-fire dielectric rod antenna (DRA) design is studied in terms of return loss, gain, and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the extended Ku band (10–18 GHz). Gain improvement ranging from 4 to 7 dB, when compared to a single-layer design of the same length, is achieved using cladding permittivities between 1.6 and 2.6. For example, a cladding of ϵr = 1.6 leads to a peak gain increment of 4.5 dB at 18 GHz and a 20° HPBW reduction compared to the noncladded rod. It is also demonstrated that this design has the same maximum gain as a noncladded design that is 1.8 times longer. The cladding permittivity in the multilayer DRA can be adjusted to achieve peak performance at different frequencies within the band, while providing gain enhancement in the entire band without reducing the bandwidth.
The efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of randomized trials

Background:Patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) are at higher risk for myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death, often require antiplatelet therapy a...
Electron acceleration due to the interaction between a neutralized ion beam and background plasma

Long-time evolution of the two-stream instability of an ion beam pulse propagating through a background plasma is investigated using a large-scale, one-dimensional kinetic simulation. After initial saturation of the two-stream instability due to particle trapping in the plasma wave, significant portion of the initially trapped in the wave field electrons become detrapped and move ahead of the ion beam. It is found that particles can be accelerated in front of the ion beam at a potential amplitude lower than predicted because the cold background electrons are moderately heated as they travel through the plasma wave generated due to the initial two-stream instability. The potential wells in the plasma wave is non-sinusoidal because of the modulations in both ion and electron densities. The detrapped electron population forms an electron beam that propagates faster than the ion beam and starts to interact with the background plasma ahead of the beam pulse. Secondary two-stream instability between the streaming electrons and background plasma electrons develops ahead of the ion beam pulse leading to heating of the background electrons. The heating of plasma electrons and beam ions eventually extinguish the instability.
CHAPTER 7 – Larval Dispersal and Retention and Consequences for Population Connectivity

The larval stage of most coral reef fishes is spent in the pelagic environment, away from the reef proper. Survival at this stage is tenuous, being mediated by factors such as food availability, predator abundance, and physical conditions. The complex biological and physical interactions of these factors can result in a seemingly stochastic larval supply that drives temporal and spatial variation in recruitment intensity. Although fish larvae are often considered strict constituents of the zooplankton community, evidence suggests that many species exhibit some form of active behavior during their pelagic stage. Variability in larval transport is determined by the interaction of water masses and the effects of external forces such as winds and tides. Active behavior by larvae may modulate some of this variability, yet a strong change in the direction or intensity of flow of a particular water mass may result in a substantial change in larval supply to a given reef or island, or may carry larvae away from a suitable food environment. The scale over which larval transport or retention occurs varies substantially among species and even among locations within a single species. For some species, larval dispersal is minimal and possibly nonexistent, whereas at the other extreme dispersal can occur over thousands of kilometers. For most coral reef fish species, with larval durations of weeks to months, transport will usually be on the scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: Extended follow-up and molecular markers of response.

8524Background: Improved therapy is needed for patients (pts) with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the majority relapse after curative resection. Our group reported the first tri...
Economic and objective burden of caregiving on informal caregivers of patients with systemic vasculitis.

Introduction Systemic vasculitis (SV) is associated with substantial economic impact to patients and the healthcare system but little is known about the burden of SV on informal caregivers. We evaluated the objective caregiving burden experienced by informal caregivers of patients with SV. Methods We surveyed adult patients and their informal caregivers on the physical, emotional, social and economic impacts of SV. We asked patients about the extent to which they felt they were a burden to their identified caregivers. Caregivers reported the direct and indirect economic impact of SV, including employment disturbance, income loss and relative time investment of caregiving for their care recipient's SV. We used the Inventory of Caregiving Activities Questionnaire to compute the objective caregiving burden. Results We analysed data from 68 SV patient-caregiver dyads. Patients reported moderate levels of subjective burden to their caregivers. Over one-quarter of caregivers reported ever having lost some income owing to caregiving for SV. Caregivers reported spending a median of 19 weekly hours on various caregiving tasks, including a median 17 weekly hours on household activities. Discussion Given the extended hours that caregivers spend caring for their care recipient, intervention targets should aim to reduce caregiver burnout in the SV population. Future research should examine the relationship between the objective burden of caregiving for SV and the overall physical health, mental health and quality of life of caregivers.
From state-bound subjects to global subjects: notes toward an Althusserian theory of globalized subjectivity

This article puts Louis Althusser's conception of subjective production via ideological interpellation in dialogue with contemporary Global theories – especially those of Saskia Sassen and Manfred ...
Constructibility in Algebraic Geometry

Constructible sheaves are the algebraic counterpart of the decomposition of singular spaces into manifold pieces, the strata. These sheaves, which can be seen as generalizations of local systems, have powerful applications to the study of topology of singular spaces, especially in the complex algebraic/analytic context. This chapter gives a brief introduction of the theory of constructible sheaves in complex algebraic geometry.
Stability Analysis for a Consensus System of a Group of Autonomous Agents with Time Delays

This study addresses the consensus problem for a group of autonomous agents with second order dynamics and time-delayed communications. The constraints on the communication topology can be relatively relaxed to two: it is time invariant, and absolutely connected. This represents a large class of dynamics, of which a small subset is presented here: where all the agents in the group communicate with each other, and that the time delay incurred is constant and equal for all the communication channels. An efficient control structure of PD type is proposed to achieve consensus in the position and velocity of the agents. The proposed control law introduces a particular construction in the characteristic equation of the system, which is first factorized to dramatically simplify the stability analysis in the delay space. Then using cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR) procedure a complete stability picture is obtained, taking into account the variations in the control parameters and the communication delay. Case studies and simulations results are presented to illustrate the analytical derivations.
My credit report—some of it is right

Abstract Data from tradelines (voluntary records from moneylenders), inquiries (requests to CRAs from creditors), and public record and collections (legal actions taken by creditors) are the foundation of the credit report and credit scores. I obtain my own credit report and display all this information (mostly its absence in my case), much in this chapter but all of it in the appendix. Accounts have been dropped, some of the data seems obscure, there is no record of bills paid except to moneylenders like credit card companies, and the fact that I pay my entire revolving balance each month is suppressed. Yet this is how I and everyone are judged financially. FICO, CRAs, and moneylenders appear well-served, while regulators appear hapless and consumers have little authority to control or expand their records.
Approximating the Gradient of Cross-Entropy Loss Function

A loss function has two crucial roles in training a conventional discriminant deep neural network (DNN): (i) it measures the goodness of classification and (ii) generates the gradients that drive the training of the network. In this paper, we approximate the gradients of cross-entropy loss which is the most often used loss function in the classification DNNs. The proposed approximations are noise-free, which means they depend only on the labels of the training set. They have a fixed length to avoid the vanishing gradient problem of the cross-entropy loss. By skipping the forward pass, the computational complexities of the proposed approximations are reduced to O(n) where n is the batch size. Two claims are established based on the experiments of training DNNs using the proposed approximations: (i) It is possible to train a discriminant network without explicitly defining a loss function. (ii) The success of training does not imply the convergence of network parameters to fixed values. The experiments show that the proposed gradient approximations achieve comparable classification accuracy to the conventional loss functions and can accelerate the training process on multiple datasets.
Dental and physical therapy faculty collaborate in assessing and educating dental students on musculoskeletal disorders.

Introduction Research shows 54% to 93% of practicing dentists suffer from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with many developing afflictions early in their careers. Studies also show that dental students are developing MSDs early in their professional education. Objective The research goal was to quantify the prevalence, anatomical location and initial onset of MSDs among first-year dental students. The study also assessed the students' self-reported opinion as to whether there were enough educational touchpoints to improve their ergonomics in daily activities. Methods At the conclusion of a 9-month preclinical restorative course, that included 2 lectures on MSDs, ergonomics, and postural cueing sessions, a dental and physical therapy faculty member administered a survey to 143 first-year dental students. This survey included questions about the history and presentation of the students' MSD symptoms and their opinion on the relative value of the educational interventions. Results There was a 96.5% response rate to the survey with 87.8% of students reporting mild to moderate pain. The cervical spine (41.7%) and hands (42.4%) were the most common areas afflicted. 55.4% reported pain commencing 1 month after starting in the simulation clinic. Over 60.9% of students "agreed" or "somewhat agreed" that the 2 sessions of hands-on ergonomic educational interventions resulted in improved biomechanics and students requested additional educational resources. Conclusion Dental students are developing MSDs as soon as 1 month after commencing dental school. Dental education should include ongoing ergonomic training throughout the curriculum to help students prevent MSDs.
Detection of Epileptic Seizures from Surface EEG Using Hyperdimensional Computing

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the development of non-invasive devices capable of detecting seizures which can be worn in everyday life. Such devices must be lightweight and unobtrusive which severely limit their on-board computing power and battery life. In this paper, we propose a novel technique based on hyperdimensional (HD) computing to detect epileptic seizures from 2-channel surface EEG recordings. The proposed technique eliminates the need for complicated feature extraction techniques required in conventional ML algorithms. The HD algorithm is also simple to implement and does not require expert knowledge for architectural optimizations needed for approaches based on neural networks. In addition, our proposed technique is light-weight and meets the computation and memory constraints of ultra-small devices. Experimental results on a publicly available dataset indicates our approach improves the accuracy compared to state-of-the-art techniques while consuming smaller or comparable power.