cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stromal melting associated with a cosmetic contact lens over a Boston keratoprosthesis: treatment with a conjunctival flap.

Objectives:The aim was to discuss the use of a conjunctival flap for treatment of keratolysis of a keratoprosthesis (Kpro) donor graft in a patient fitted with a cosmetic contact lens.Methods:Keratolysis developed in the donor graft of a Boston Kpro; this was associated with the use of a cosmetic co
On a Maximum Pressure Peak at Normal Impact of a Blunted Body on Water

Impact on water by a rigid body is considered because the important process which accompanies the entry of a rigid body in water was overlook in preceding studies. As a matter of fact during the initial stage of the blunted body entry in water, the perimeter of the wetted surface moves with a supersonic velocity along the body surface. It means that the liquid particles inflow in the vicinity of the disturbed zone perimeter also with supersonic relative velocity, allowing for the possibility for formation of the attached shock to the perimeter of the wetted surface. These reasonings lead to the statement of the problem, taking into account the aforementioned process for the axisymmetric entry in water of the spherical blunted rigid body. Within the framework of the of the accurate shock wave theory with utilization of both Tait’s EOS with exponent n = 7 and an equivalent to EOS well-known relationship D = C + Su (s = 2 for water), the flowfield behind the shock wave attached to the perimeter of the wetted surface was defined. It turned out that the solution with attached shock wave exists for the arbitrary impact velocity. Investigation was conducted with the impact velocity in the range from 200 to 1200 m/s. As an important result one notes that the peak pressure arises at the points on the body surface, moved away from the point of headon shock wave origin (stagnation point). The maximum values of the peak pressure are by 1.6 – 2.1 times higher (depending on the impact velocity) than the peak pressure values at the stagnation point. The revealed effect changes the common notion that the maximum pressure peak is reached in the stagnation point.
Influence of K-Strophanthosid on Elasticity of the Tortoise Ventricle

SummaryThe cardiac glucoside K-Strophanthosid has no effect on the diastolic elasticity of tortoise ventricle with doses and within times which result in very large increases in tension set up and work done. Larger doses produce after a time great increases in diastolic elasticity, up to the point of contracture, but when such increases occur the work and tension production fall off. The increase in work capacity of tortoise ventricular muscle produced by this glucoside is not positively correlated with diastolic elasticity changes.Inferences from observations on the failing mammalian heart are confused by the fact that anoxia itself alters elasticity, and therefore the increased efficiency produced by digitalis would in itself be expected to increase diastolic elasticity. Such an indirect effect is a secondary result of the primary action of the drug upon work performance.
Vitamin E: Substrate-Dependent Growth Effect on Cells in Culture

SummaryChinese hamster fibroblasts derived from seminiferous tubules grow well in Eagle's minimal essential medium containing glucose and 10% fetal calf serum. This medium contains no vitamin E; nevertheless, addition of the vitamin has no effect on the growth of these cells. When pyruvate is substituted for glucose as a carbon source, there is a great decrease in the growth rate which can be alleviated by d-α-tocopherol. The growth rate with pyruvate is much less than when no added carbon source is used.This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grant AM 14508 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases.
Toward a Theorization of Black Maternal Grief as Analytic

This essay explores the interanimations between grievance and archetypes of Black motherhood that produce popular representations of Black maternal resilience, the most circulated being that of the “strong Black mother” and, what I term, icons of Black maternal mourning. I argue that these images circumscribe which maternal responses to trauma are legible and acceptable within public spheres, and enforce how Black mothers should “productively” cope with loss that is predicated on their continued presence and/or attempts for judicial redress. Thus I forward Black maternal grief as an analytic, which is animated by silence, unintelligible responses, and vulnerability. Formulated on the death of my paternal grandmother, I bring together Huey Newton's articulation of “revolutionary suicide,” concepts of public cultures, and resistive performances of Black women entertainers to work toward an analytical practice that conceptualizes grief as a location and tactic Black mothers have deployed. This essay's primary aim is to widen our lens to the myriad ways Black mothers deal with traumatic loss, and to understand the salience of grief in formations of Black women.
Somos Hermanas Del Mismo Dolor (We Are Sisters of the Same Pain): Intimate Partner Sexual Violence Narratives Among Mexican Immigrant Women in the United States

Migration across international borders places tremendous stress on immigrant families and may put women at greater risk for intimate partner violence. In this study, we used narrative analysis methods to explore how nine Mexican immigrant women in the Northeastern United States described their experiences of intimate partner sexual violence, and how these stories were embedded within narratives of transition and movement across borders. We identified three major themes: The Virgin and the Whore, The Family, and Getting Ahead. We share important implications for researchers and health and social service providers working with this population.
Critical Look at the Self-Sustainable Rate of Growth Concept and Formulas

This note discusses the origins and applications of the self-sustainable growth concept. It presents two examples of application of the concept and reviews six limitations of the concept.
Surface Grit Blasting Pretreatment of Aluminium Profileand Its Effect on Quality of Anodize Oxidization Film

Mechanism of grit dose under mechanical surface pretreatment on sand finished like aluminium profile, and the change of surface topography and layer texture caused by mechanical pretreatment are analyzed. The effect caused by these changes on the quality of anodized oxidization film is identified.
Incidence of the common forms of human leukemia.

From hospital records and from death certificates, an attempt was made to assemble data on all residents of the Borough of Brooklyn diagnosed as having leukemia in the period 1943-52. A total of 1792 abstracts of hospital records and 1830 death certificates gave information on 1709 patients. The mean Brooklyn population over the same period is used to express incidences of the various forms of leukemia in relation to color, sex and age. The incidence of leukemia in white males and females was 71.3 and 57.7 per million per annum respectively. Corresponding rates for Negroes were 46.5 and 30.6. The white-Negro difference was decreased but not eliminated by standardization to allow for differences in the age distributions of the two populations. Sex ratios were lower for the acute forms of the disease than for the chronic forms, and, in both acute and chronic forms, for myeloid than for lymphatic cell types. No relationship of sex ratio with age at diagnosis or initial white cell count was found. Each pathologic variety of leukemia has its own distinct age incidence curve. The lymphatic forms appear to be more sharply associated with the extremes of life than do the myeloid varieties. That is, acute lymphatic leukemia appears at a younger age than does acute myeloid leukemia and the chronic lymphatic form appears at an older average age than the chronic myeloid variety.
Principles and Pitfalls of Anesthesia for Transsphenoidal Surgery

Pituitary tumors are common and may affect as many as one in six people. Microadenomas most frequently present with symptoms of hormone excess, whereas macroadenomas present due to symptoms of mass effect and elevated intracranial pressure. Patients with acromegaly and Cushing’s disease present unique challenges for the anesthesiologist. Medical therapy minimizes symptoms, but surgical resection offers a chance for definitive cure. Anesthetic management of patients for transsphenoidal surgery focuses on preoperative assessment of hormone function, airway, and cardiopulmonary risk factors. Intraoperative anesthetic goals include airway management, maintaining hemodynamic stability, and providing a rapid, smooth emergence. Postoperative considerations include pain control, monitoring for hypopituitarism and disorders of water and electrolytes, and management of surgical complications. Careful attention to these anesthetic principles improves patient care and minimizes morbidity for patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.
Grief, Melancholia, and Death

While teaching about whiteness to my mainly White college students, I was once asked, “Well, then how can I shed this white-ist identity? Who will I become after I do?” Such exasperation is no less different than the proverbial need to ask, “Who am I?” or, as my poem above suggests, “Who am I to be?” The quandary over understanding the self is of great interest in many fields.
Nutritional considerations for the stroke patient with dysphagia

Dysphagia is a physical disability that negatively affects patients' abilities to meet their nutritional needs. Dysphagia may result in anorexia, weight loss, protein-energy malnutrition, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Dehydration is also a major risk. Swallowing abnormalities have been observed in 25% to 50% of patients following a stroke. The dietitian's role in assessingthe nutritional status of dysphagic patients and in working with the interdisciplinary team isessential to comprehensive patient care. A Nutrition Assessment Form is presented for stroke patients, and recommendations are made for dysphagic diets and feeding management for the interdisciplinary team. Increasing food consumption is critical to improving nutritional status and quality of life for those receiving rehabilitation services.
The Role of Genetics in Substance Abuse

Many factors clearly influence substance abuse. Our goal in this chapter is to acquaint the reader with a literature devoted to the hypothesis that an individual’s unique genetic constitution is one important factor. We believe that the studies performed during the last 20 years strongly imply that some humans suffer from a genetic predisposition to develop alcoholism. Extensive animal experiments corroborate this hypothesis and have begun to offer clues as to what, exactly, may be inherited. There are virtually no experiments demonstrating familial patterns of abuse for substances other than ethanol. Nonetheless, a growing animal literature demonstrates that responsiveness to opiates and barbiturates is also influenced markedly by inheritance. A few studies suggest that responsiveness to all psychoactive substances tends to be inherited to some degree.
From the Unconscious to the Conscious

With the surging interest of recent years in scientific study of consciousness, there have been quite a few models proposed. These models capture to varying extents experimental findings and pre-theoretical intuitions about consciousness [Taylor, 1994, Schacter, 1990, Jackendoff, 1987, Shallice, 1988, Baars, 1988, Dennett and Kinsbourne, 1992, Penrose, 1994]. However, most existing models do not deal adequately with one crucial aspect of human consciousness: learning. In contrast to these approaches, we intend to investigate the functional roles of consciousness and determine how various aspects of the conscious and the unconscious should figure into the architecture of the mind, from the perspective of learning.
Parent-Centered Prevention of Risky Behaviors Among Hispanic Youths in Florida

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based, parent-centered intervention, Familias Unidas, delivered by nonresearch personnel, in preventing substance use (alcohol, illicit drugs) and sex without a condom among Hispanic adolescents.Methods. A randomized controlled trial (n = 746) evaluated the effectiveness of Familias Unidas among Hispanic eighth graders (age range = 12–16 years), relative to prevention as usual, within a public school system. School personnel, including social workers and mental health counselors, were trained to deliver the evidence-based intervention. Participant recruitment, intervention delivery, and follow-up ran from September 2010 through June 2014 in Miami–Dade County, Florida.Results. Familias Unidas was effective in preventing drug use from increasing and prevented greater increases in sex without a condom 30 months after baseline, relative to prevention as usual. Familias Unidas also had a positive impact on family functioning and parental monitoring of pe...
Genetics of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal degenerative disorder of motor neurons that overlaps clinically with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Investigations of the 10% of ALS cases that are transmitted as dominant traits have revealed numerous gene mutations and variants that either cause these disorders or influence their clinical phenotype. The evolving understanding of the genetic architecture of ALS has illuminated broad themes in the molecular pathophysiology of both familial and sporadic ALS and FTD. These central themes encompass disturbances of protein homeostasis, alterations in the biology of RNA binding proteins, and defects in cytoskeletal dynamics, as well as numerous downstream pathophysiological events. Together, these findings from ALS genetics provide new insight into therapies that target genetically distinct subsets of ALS and FTD.
IMPAIRED AUTOPHAGIC FLUX CONTRIBUTES TO THE ACCUMULATION OF UBIQUITINATED PROTEINS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF HEART FAILURE

Background: In the failing heart there is impaired protein turnover and an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins within cardiomyocytes. This accumulation, which likely has detrimental effects on myocyte function, has been attributed to proteasome dysfunction. However, the extent to which changes in
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Mistimed and Unwanted Pregnancy Among Adult Women.

CONTEXT Many sexual minority women, regardless of sexual identity, engage in heterosexual behavior across the life course, which provides them opportunities to experience an unintended pregnancy. In addition, sexual minority women are more likely than others to report characteristics that may make them vulnerable to unintended pregnancy. Little research, however, has examined whether the risk of unintended pregnancy is elevated among these women. METHODS Using data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth, logistic regression models were fitted to examine sexual orientation disparities in mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among 9,807 women aged 20–45; mixed-effects hazard models assessed disparities in the intention status of 5,238 pregnancies among these women by maternal sexual orientation. RESULTS Compared with heterosexual women reporting only male partners, heterosexual women who have sex with women had higher odds of reporting a mistimed pregnancy (odds ratio, 1.4), and bisexual women had higher odds of reporting an unwanted pregnancy (1.8). When compared with pregnancies reported by heterosexual women with only male partners, those reported by heterosexual women who have sex with women were more likely to be mistimed (hazard ratio, 1.7), and those reported by bisexual and lesbian women were more likely to be unwanted (1.7–4.4). CONCLUSIONS Compared with heterosexuals who have sex with men only, adult sexual minority women are at equal or greater risk of reporting an unintended pregnancy. More research addressing the reproductive health care needs of sexual minority women is needed to develop strategies to improve family planning for this population.
The Pluto system after the New Horizons flyby

In July 2015, NASA’s New Horizons mission performed a flyby of Pluto, revealing details about the geology, surface composition and atmospheres of this world and its moons that are unobtainable from Earth. With a resolution as small as 80 metres per pixel, New Horizons’ images identified a large number of surface features, including a large basin filled with glacial ices that appear to be undergoing convection. Maps of surface composition show latitudinal banding, with non-volatile material dominating the equatorial region and volatile ices at mid- and polar latitudes. This pattern is driven by the seasonal cycle of solar insolation. New Horizons’ atmospheric investigation found the temperature of Pluto’s upper atmosphere to be much cooler than previously modelled. Images of forward-scattered sunlight revealed numerous haze layers extending up to 200 km from the surface. These discoveries have transformed our understanding of icy worlds in the outer Solar System, demonstrating that even at great distances from the Sun, worlds can have active geologic processes. This Review addresses our current understanding of the Pluto system and places it in context with previous investigations. ﻿ The New Horizons spacecraft performed a flyby of Pluto and its system in July 2015, providing more than 50 Gb of high-resolution images and data that transformed our view and understanding of the dwarf planet. This Review summarizes its main discoveries.
Non-Negative Sparse Regression and Column Subset Selection with L1 Error

We consider the problems of sparse regression and column subset selection under L1 error. For both problems, we show that in the non-negative setting it is possible to obtain tight and efficient approximations, without any additional structural assumptions (such as restricted isometry, incoherence, expansion, etc.). For sparse regression, given a matrix A and a vector b with non-negative entries, we give an efficient algorithm to output a vector x of sparsity O(k), for which |Ax - b|_1 is comparable to the smallest error possible using non-negative k-sparse x. We then use this technique to obtain our main result: an efficient algorithm for column subset selection under L1 error for non-negative matrices.
Mechanical circulatory support costs in children bridged to heart transplantation - analysis of a linked database.

Abstract Background Pediatric mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has evolved considerably over the past decade. Though marked improvements in waitlist survival have been realized, costs have not been reassessed. This project aimed to assess contemporary MCS costs in children bridged to heart transplant (HT). Methods All pediatric HT recipients (2002–2016) were identified from a unique, linked PHIS/SRTR dataset. Costs were calculated from hospital charges, inflated to 2016 Dollars and adjusted for patient-specific characteristics using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Costs and length of stay (LOS) were compared across support strategies at the time of HT (no MCS, VAD, or ECMO) with select subgroup analyses. Results A total of 2873 pediatric HT recipients were included; no MCS: 2268 (78.9%), VAD: 470 (16.4%), and ECMO: 135 (4.7%). Both VAD and ECMO were associated with greater total hospitalization costs compared to no MCS ($755,345 and $808,771 vs. $457,086; P Conclusions MCS as a bridge to HT in children is associated with greater total costs. While costs are similar between VAD and ECMO groups, the majority of costs associated with VAD support is incurred pre-HT while ECMO costs are incurred primarily post-HT. Discharging patients on VAD support awaiting HT may represent a strategy to reduce costs in this population.
Biological sex affects vaccine efficacy and protection against influenza in mice.

Biological sex affects adaptive immune responses, which could impact influenza infection and vaccine efficacy. Infection of mice with 2009 H1N1 induced antibody responses, CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell memory responses that were greater in females than males; both sexes, however, were equally protected against secondary challenge with an H1N1 drift variant virus. To test whether greater antibody in females is sufficient for protection against influenza, males and females were immunized with an inactivated H1N1 vaccine that induced predominantly antibody-mediated immunity. Following vaccination, females had greater antibody responses and protection against challenge with an H1N1 drift variant virus than males. Antibody derived from vaccinated females was better at protecting both naive males and females than antibody from males, and this protection was associated with increased antibody specificity and avidity to the H1N1 virus. The expression of Tlr7 was greater in B cells from vaccinated females than males and was associated with reduced DNA methylation in the Tlr7 promoter region, higher neutralizing antibody, class switch recombination, and antibody avidity in females. Deletion of Tlr7 reduced sex differences in vaccine-induced antibody responses and protection following challenge and had a greater impact on responses in females than males. Taken together, these data illustrate that greater TLR7 activation and antibody production in females improves the efficacy of vaccination against influenza.
Catch shares drive fleet consolidation and increased targeting but not spatial effort concentration nor changes in location choice in a multispecies trawl fishery

Catch share systems are generally expected to increase economic rents in fisheries by increasing harvest efficiency, reducing capital costs through consolidation, and increasing the value of landed...
Patient access to clinical notes in oncology: A mixed method analysis of oncologists' attitudes and linguistic characteristics towards notes.

Abstract Background Providers have expressed concern about patient access to clinical notes. There is the possibility that providers may linguistically censor notes knowing that patients have access. Purpose Qualitative interviews and a pre- and post- linguistic analysis of the implementation of OpenNotes was performed to determine whether oncologists changed the content and style of their notes. Methods Mixed methods were utilized, including 13 semi-structured interviews with oncologists and random effects modeling of over 500 clinical notes. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program was used to evaluate notes for emotions, thinking styles, and social concerns. Results No significant differences from pre- and post-implementation of OpenNotes was found. Thematic analysis revealed that oncologists were concerned that changing their notes would negatively impact multidisciplinary communication. However, oncologists acknowledged that notes could be more patient-friendly and may stimulate patient-provider communication. Conclusions Although oncologists were aware that patients could have access, they felt strongly about not changing the content of notes. A comparison between pre- and post-implementation confirmed this view and found that notes did not change. Practice Implications Patient access to oncologist’s notes may serve as an opportunity to reinforce important aspects of the consultation.
Elevated Radiation Therapy Toxicity in the Setting of Germline PTEN Mutation.

Abstract Cells that lack PTEN function are radiation sensitive in cell culture-based experimental systems; therefore, patients with Cowden Syndrome (CS) may carry an increased risk for normal tissue injury after radiotherapy. Here we present the first such case of a patient with genetically-confirmed CS who, indeed, experienced greater than expected toxicity following two separate courses of radiotherapy. While a causal relationship between CS and radiation sensitivity remains unclear, this observation suggests the need for further study in larger cohorts of CS patients.
On Juror Decision Making: An Empathic Inquiry

This review examines the workings of jurors deciding criminal cases. It seeks not to commend or condemn jury decision making but rather to offer an empathic exploration of the task that jurors face...
The Impact of Following Solid Food Feeding Guides on BMI Among Infants: A Simulation Study

Introduction There are several recommendations advising caregivers when and how to introduce solid food to infants. These complementary feeding guides vary in terms of the recommendations for timing and portions. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of following different guidelines on weight trajectories of infants. Methods In 2018, the study team developed a computational simulation model to capture feeding behaviors, activity levels, metabolism, and body size of infants from 6 months to 1 year. Daily food intake of virtual infants based on feeding recommendations translated to changes in body weight. Next, simulations tested the impact of the following complementary feeding recommendations that provided amount, type, and timing of foods: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Enfamil, and Similac. Results When virtual caregivers fed infants according to the four different guides, none of the simulated situations resulted in normal weight at 12 months when infants were also being breastfed along average observed patterns. Reducing breast milk portions in half while caregivers fed infants according to complementary feeding guidelines resulted in overweight BMIs between 9 and 11 months for Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Johns Hopkins Medicine, and Enfamil guidelines. Cutting breast milk portions in half also led to infants reaching unhealthy underweight BMI percentiles between 7 and 11 months for female and male infants when caregivers followed Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Johns Hopkins Medicine, and Similac guidelines. Conclusions This study identified situations in which infants could reach unhealthy weights, even while following complementary feeding guidelines, suggesting that current recommended portion sizes should be tightened.
On the characterization of interstitial fluid flow in the skeletal muscle endomysium

In this paper, the interstitial fluid flow in skeletal muscle endomysium was examined using an in-situ indentation testing in combination with theoretical modelling. The objective was to understand the transport properties of the three-dimensional and highly hierarchical muscular interstitial matrices, which play important roles in muscle-bone cross-talk and signaling during musculoskeletal development and maintenance. Gastrocnemius muscles from four 3-month old calves were harvested and subjected to a creeping test using a custom-designed device. The experiments, in combination with an anatomy-based theoretical model, were used to capture the spatial-temporal response of the skeletal muscle to external impacts. For the first time, the detailed load-induced interstitial fluid pressurization in the muscle endomyseal space was obtained. The relative contribution from the solid muscle fibers and the interstitial fluid to the temporal loading response was captured. The paper presented herein provides important information regarding the mechanical environment within the muscle tissue, which could help the future study of muscle's response to forces and its subsequent signaling to surrounding tissues in vivo.
Refugee Articulations of Health: A Culture-Centered Exploration of Burmese Refugees’ Resettlement in the United States

Grounded in the culture-centered approach that emphasizes dialogic engagement with communities at the margins to disrupt mainstream health discourses, this article explores articulations of health by the Burmese refugee community in the United States post resettlement. Due to forced migration, often fleeing violent political regimes in their home countries and surviving itinerantly in refugee camps and host countries, they face further disenfranchisement upon resettlement as a subset of immigrants who are thrust into an unfamiliar sociocultural setting with marginal federal support. Against this backdrop, the present research explores the narratives of Burmese refugees in the United States through in-depth interviews focusing on their meaning-making practices surrounding health and displays of agency in the face of structural healthcare barriers. The participants' narratives articulate health as communal and familial safety in contrast to the mainstream discourse of disease prevention and individual lifestyle choices. They describe structural barriers to healthcare access in the form of the employment-insurance nexus, and also an intricate web of lack of access to health services resulting from linguistic isolation. Within such constraints they locate agency by utilizing community networks as mediators for infrastructural and cultural access and engage in practices seeking out providers with interpreters from within the Burmese community, as well as utilizing technology such as listservs and e-mails through informal networks often ignored by mainstream healthcare providers in the community.
Oral Expressive Outcomes in Late-Identified Children With Hearing Loss:

This case study described the oral expressive outcomes of five children with hearing loss who experienced prolonged auditory deprivation prior to participating in an auditory intervention. Expressi...
A study of the outward background current conductance g K1 , the pacemaker current conductance g f , and the gap junction conductance g j as determinants of biological pacing in single cells and in a two-cell syncytium using the dynamic clamp

We previously demonstrated that a two-cell syncytium, composed of a ventricular myocyte and an mHCN2 expressing cell, recapitulated most properties of in vivo biological pacing induced by mHCN2-transfected hMSCs in the canine ventricle. Here, we use the two-cell syncytium, employing dynamic clamp, to study the roles of gf (pacemaker conductance), gK1 (background K+ conductance), and gj (intercellular coupling conductance) in biological pacing. We studied gf and gK1 in single HEK293 cells expressing cardiac sodium current channel Nav1.5 (SCN5A). At fixed gf, increasing gK1 hyperpolarized the cell and initiated pacing. As gK1 increased, rate increased, then decreased, finally ceasing at membrane potentials near EK. At fixed gK1, increasing gf depolarized the cell and initiated pacing. With increasing gf, rate increased reaching a plateau, then decreased, ceasing at a depolarized membrane potential. We studied gj via virtual coupling with two non-adjacent cells, a driver (HEK293 cell) in which gK1 and gf were injected without SCN5A and a follower (HEK293 cell), expressing SCN5A. At the chosen values of gK1 and gf oscillations initiated in the driver, when gj was increased synchronized pacing began, which then decreased by about 35% as gj approached 20 nS. Virtual uncoupling yielded similar insights into gj. We also studied subthreshold oscillations in physically and virtually coupled cells. When coupling was insufficient to induce pacing, passive spread of the oscillations occurred in the follower. These results show a non-monotonic relationship between gK1, gf, gj, and pacing. Further, oscillations can be generated by gK1 and gf in the absence of SCN5A.
Large scale bias and stochasticity of halos and dark matter

On large scales galaxies and their halos are usually assumed to trace the dark matter with a constant bias and dark matter is assumed to trace the linear density field. We test these assumption using several large N-body simulations with 384^3-1024^3 particles and box sizes between 100-1000h/Mpc, which can both resolve the small galactic size halos and sample the large scale fluctuations. We explore the average halo bias relation as a function of halo mass and show that existing fitting formulae overestimate the halo bias by up to 20% in the regime just below the nonlinear mass. We propose a new expression that fits our simulations well. We find that the halo bias is nearly constant, b~0.65-0.7, for masses below one tenth of the nonlinear mass. We explore next the relation between the initial and final dark matter in individual Fourier modes and show that there are significant fluctuations in their ratio, ranging from 10% rms at k~0.03h/Mpc to 50% rms at k~0.1h/Mpc. We argue that these large fluctuations are caused by perturbative effects beyond the linear theory, which are dominated by long wavelength modes with large random fluctuations. Similar or larger fluctuations exist between halos and dark matter and between halos of different mass. While these fluctuations are small compared to the sampling variance, they are significant for attempts to determine the bias by relating directly the maps of galaxies and dark matter or the maps of different galaxy populations, which would otherwise be immune to sampling variance.
Intergenerational Transmission of Cortical Sulcal Patterns from Mothers to their Children.

Intergenerational effects are described as the genetic, epigenetic, as well as pre- and postnatal environmental influence parents have on their offspring's behavior, cognition, and brain. During fetal brain development, the primary cortical sulci emerge with a distinctive folding pattern that are under strong genetic influence and show little change of this pattern throughout postnatal brain development. We examined intergenerational transmission of cortical sulcal patterns by comparing primary sulcal patterns between children (N = 16, age 5.5 ± 0.81 years, 8 males) and their biological mothers (N = 15, age 39.72 ± 4.68 years) as well as between children and unrelated adult females. Our graph-based sulcal pattern comparison method detected stronger sulcal pattern similarity for child-mother pairs than child-unrelated pairs, where higher similarity between child-mother pairs was observed mostly for the right lobar regions. Our results also show that child-mother versus child-unrelated pairs differ for daughters and sons with a trend toward significance, particularly for the left hemisphere lobar regions. This is the first study to reveal significant intergenerational transmission of cortical sulcal patterns, and our results have important implications for the study of the heritability of complex behaviors, brain-based disorders, the identification of biomarkers, and targets for interventions.
“When I was a kid:” Childhood memories, care work, and becoming mom

This article explores how childhood memories served as a rich resource in women’s formations as maternal subjects. So affectively loaded is the child figure, and so diffuse and malleable are memories, that the remembered child appeared in women’s narratives in multiple figurations and served multiple functions. These memories incited the intensive multidimensional labors of the middle-class mother while also curbing and critiquing these labors, as well as a resource to imagine being mother otherwise. Women’s childhood memories highlight the ways that neoliberalism’s heightened stakes and increased competition for middle-class reproduction lodge themselves into women’s labors and psyches. Yet they also point to perspectives and desires outside of normative neoliberal femininities associated with the middle-class. Their narratives enrich accounts of being and becoming mom as a field of dreams, desires, and memories where past, present, and future time intersect in non-linear ways.
Leaving 'Sunugal': Inscriptions of Senegalese Women's Trauma of Displacement in the Novels of Ken Bugul and Fatou Diome

In a context of shifting global flows, contemporary Senegalese women writers have tried to navigate displacement as almost all of them have been displaced in some manner; some by migration and some by an education that idealizes a European other. For these women, displacement involves more than a movement from one socio-cultural milieu to another, it is rather a site of mental and physical struggle in which the Senegalese female subject realizes that both home and her host location are significant and troubling aspects of her identity that she overlooks at her peril. Therefore the need for an understanding of this site of tension is thus, to her, more important than ever. It is for this reason that this paper seeks to explore how Ken Bugul and Fatou Diome represent the psychological effects of the mental struggle of Senegalese women migrants and their coping mechanisms. Both of these writers are Senegalese women migrant novelists whose novels are grounded on their experiences as displaced women. Ken Bugul’s Le baobab fou (1982), Cendres et braises [Ashes and Embers] (1994), Riwan ou le chemin de sable (1999), De l’autre cote du regard (2003) and Fatou Diome’s Le ventre de l’atlantique [The Belly of the Atlantic] (2003) are explorations of the tension we highlighted above.
Potassium carbamoyldi­cyano­methanide

The crystal structure of the title compound, K[(CN)2CC(O)NH2)] or K+·C4H2N3O−, conventionally abbreviated as Kcdm, where cdm is carbamoyldi­cyano­methanide, is described. The bond lengths and angles of the cdm cation are comparable to those reported previously for [M(cdm)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (M = Ni, Mn and Co). The K atoms are coordinated to four nitrile N atoms and two carbonyl O atoms in a distorted trigonal prismatic fashion, with two further N atoms semicoordinated through the centers of two prism side faces. This coordination leads to the formation of mixed anion–cation sheets parallel to the ab plane, which are joined together via hydrogen-bonding interactions. The cdm anion is potentially useful for the formation of transition metal coordination polymers, in which magnetic superexchange could occur through a bidentate cdm bridge. Kcdm provides a model compound by which the molecular geometry of the cdm anion can be analyzed.
The relationship between various components of a plate appearance and the probability of success

The purpose of this study was to determine how the length of plate appearance relates to hitter success metrics and what factors a hitter can control to impact success. In 2011, 1743 MLB plate appearances were monitored by length of plate appearance time, outcome with success or failure, extra-base hit percentage, location, inning, final pitch velocity, etc. Data was fractionated to compare plate appearance length ( 97 s), and percentages of both success and extra-base hits. One way ANOVAs were run to assess differences between plate appearance durations and each of the outcome variables. Plate appearances lasting less than 30 seconds and longer than 97 seconds had greater on-base percentages than those plate appearances lasting from 30-97 seconds. Plate Appearances lasting less than 30 seconds resulted in greater extra-base hit percentages than those lasting longer than 30 seconds. Batters had greater success against left-handed pitchers than right-handed pitchers (.336 vs .410 OBP, p<.005). When fractionated, there was a statistically significant difference between fast pitch success or slow pitch success (p=.0167).
Calculation of soil cleanup criteria for volatile organic compounds as controlled by the soil‐to‐groundwater pathway: Comparison of four unsaturated soil zone leaching models

Abstract Four computer models that predict leaching of chemicals in the unsaturated soil zone were used to calculate example soil cleanup criteria for volatile organic compounds, using a hypothetical environmental scenario. The criteria were calculated so that allowable groundwater concentrations for the chemicals were not exceeded. The models used were the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) and the Seasonal Soil Compartment Model (SESOIL) from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Sanitary Landfill Model (SLM1) from Oregon State University, and the Integrated Moisture and Aqueous Contaminant Transport model (IMPACT) under development for the State of New Jersey. The hypothetical scenario assumed a water table depth of 10 ft, a contaminated zone from 0 to 4 ft, and sandy loam soil properties. Transport times to groundwater were similar for all four models. The calculated soil criteria for many chemicals using the four models agreed to within an order of magnitude. In a few instances, SLM1 and PRZM p...
Vitamin D Supplementation in Young White and African American Women

There is limited information on the effects of vitamin D on serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in young people and none on African Americans. The main objective of this trial was to measure the effect of different doses of vitamin D3 on serum 25OHD and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in young women with vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25OHD ≤ 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D3 was conducted in young white and African American women, age 25 to 45 years. A total of 198 healthy white (60%) and African American (40%) women were randomly assigned to placebo, or to 400, 800, 1600, or 2400 IU of vitamin D3 daily. Calcium supplements were added to maintain a total calcium intake of 1000 to 1200 mg daily. The primary outcomes of the study were the final serum 25OHD and PTH levels at 12 months. The absolute increase in serum 25OHD with 400, 800, 1600, and 2400 IU of vitamin D daily was slightly greater in African American women than in white women. On the highest dose of 2400 IU/d, the mixed model predicted that mean 25OHD increased from baseline 12.4 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.2–15.7) to 43.2 ng/mL (95% CI, 38.2–48.1) in African American women and from 15.0 ng/mL (95% CI, 12.3–17.6) to 39.1 ng/mL (95% CI, 36.2–42.0) in white women. There was no significant effect of vitamin D dose on serum PTH in either race but there was a significant inverse relationship between final serum PTH and serum 25OHD. Serum 25OHD exceeded 20 ng/mL in 97.5% of whites on the 400 IU/d dose and between 800 and 1600 IU/d for African Americans. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) suggested by the Institute of Medicine for young people is 600 IU daily. The increase in serum 25OHD after vitamin D supplementation was similar in young and old, and in white and African American women. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Formal Modeling of the Enterprise JavaBeansTM Component Integration Framework

An emerging trend in the engineering of complex systems is the use of component integration frameworks. Such a framework prescribes an architectural design that permits flexible composition of thirdparty components into applications. A good example is Sun Microsystems' Enterprise JavaBeans™ (EJB) framework, which supports object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications, such as account management systems. One problem with frameworks like EJB is that they are documented informally, making it difficult to understand precisely what is provided by the framework, and what is required to use it. We believe formal specification can help, and in this paper show how a formal architectural description language can be used to describe and provide insight into such frameworks.
Invented Spelling in Kindergarten: The Relationship with Finger-Point Reading.

The relationship between ability to invent spellings and ability to finger-point read memorized text was examined in 109 kindergartners in whole-language classrooms. It was hypothesized that letter name knowledge and phonemic awareness would account for ability in finger-point reading, but that invented spelling, because it requires the left-to-right alphabetic principle as well, would account for additional variance, and this turned out to be the case. It was also hypothesized that although initial phoneme spellings would be easier than those in other positions, and would be a factor in the voice-print match in finger-point reading, final phonemes would also play a significant role. This turned out to be the case for children who were able to read only a word or two, as well as for more capable beginners. Results were consistent with Ehri's (1992) model of phonetic-cue sight reading in which letters are utilized from both initial and final positions.
Real-time motion transition by example

Motion transitioning is a common task in real-time applications such as games. While most character motions can be created a priori using motion capture or hand animation, transitions between these motions must be created by an animation system at runtime. Because of this requirement, it is often difficult to create a transition that preserves the feel that the actor or animator has put into the motion. In addition, transitions must be created in real-time. This paper describes a method of creating motion transitions that is computationally feasible for interactive speeds and preserves the feel of the original motions. We do this by using both a procedural motion and a motion segment taken from the motions being transitioned between.
Electronic Polarization Behavior in Collisions

The literature on electronic polarization behavior in atomic collisions was relatively sparse, up to a few years ago. This situation has now changed, and there is no difficulty in encountering comprehensive review papers on this subject. Some of these are listed in reference 1. These proceedings also contain a review by Professor Kessler on polarized electron sources,2 which of necessity includes discussion of the physical processes in atomic collisions which underlie most of present polarized beam source technology.
Privacy, Consumer Credit, and the Regulation of Personal Information

The open flow of information that has for so long been the hallmark of U.S. markets and society is under attack as never before. The primary source of that attack is not the government, although government agencies at all levels are beginning to join the fray, but rather the public—the primary beneficiaries of the free flow of information. In consistently astounding numbers, the public reports that it is worried about privacy, it believes privacy is threatened as much by business activities as by governmental intrusion, it does not trust American business (or the government, for that matter) to protect its privacy, and, as a result, it believes that each individual should have the opportunity and the legal authority to exercise greater control over data about him or her. Prodded by privacy advocates, government officials, and the media—once considered the champions of the free flow of information—public angst is manifesting itself around the country in protests, op-eds, lawsuits, legislation, regulations, investigations, settlements, commissions, and literally thousands of conferences, books, and articles. Privacy may be the great uniting force of the 21st Century. Already it has brought together Republicans and Democrats, state and federal officials, Richard Shelby (R-AL) and Ralph Nader, Sean Penn and Michael J. Fox, the Eagle Forum and the ACLU, Phyllis Schlafly and William Safire—could there be any greater evidence of the power of the “privacy” rallying cry?
Granulomatous Hepatitis in a Patient Receiving Allopurinol

An alcoholic patient with normal liver function received 100 mg of allopurinol three times a day for 1 month. Fever, eosinophilia, and abnormal liver function were noted after 3 weeks and liver biopsy showed focal necrosis, fatty change, and noncaseating granulomas. One month following allopurinol withdrawal the patient was clinically well and had normal liver function. Liver biopsy showed no granulomas.