cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Models for histometry of tumors

Caryoxnetry and histoinetry are the two characterization levels for histological patterns. A wide spectrum of caryoinetrical methods exists (characterization of size and form, densitometry, nuclear texture analysis) and there is often a good correlation between measured parameters and diagnosis as well as proosis, especially in tumor diagnostic /14/15/20/. The development of histoinetry has just begun.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Better code management for end-user programming on mobile devices

Recently, a radically new environment for end-user programming on mobile devices has been proposed. One of its representatives, TouchDevelop developed by Microsoft Research, has successfully drawn more than 5000 users, who have published around 30 thousands TouchDevelop scripts online. In this work, I introduce an approach to better manage the existing code base written by end users through a version-control and code-search system, and thus improve the productivity of end-user programming on mobile devices.
Evidence for a High‐Pressure Phase Transition of ε‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) Using Vibrational Spectroscopy

The high-pressure response of {epsilon}-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtizane (CL-20) has been examined to 27 GPa in diamond anvil cells using vibrational spectroscopy. The results reveal evidence of an {epsilon}{yields}{Upsilon} pressure-induced phase transition between 4.1 and 6.4 GPa and suggest the existence of a {Upsilon}{yields}{zeta} transition near 18.7 GPa. Several Raman and infrared frequencies were found to decrease in intensity as the phase boundaries are approached. An anomalous intensity increase was noted in the C-N-C infrared mode that is believed to result from an increase in the Raman cross-section due to a stronger interlayer coupling under pressure.
The Mass Spectrometry of Polyene Macrolides, Filipin

Abstract The mass spectrometry of permethylated polyene macrolides is described. Due to the initially high molecular weight of these compounds, permethylation derivatives are suitable, due to the fact that they add the smallest increment of weight per labile hydrogen. The filipin complex was used as a model system. Thin layer chromatography resolved the complex into nine components. Ultraviolet absorption spectra were obtained on all nine components.
Rethinking Sustained Competitive Advantage from Human Capital

The strategy literature often emphasizes firm-specific human capital as a source of competitive advantage based on the assumption that it constrains employee mobility. We first identify three boundary conditions that limit the applicability of this logic. We then offer a more comprehensive framework of human capital–based advantage that explores both demand- and supply-side mobility constraints. The critical insight is that these mobility constraints have more explanatory power than the firm specificity of human capital.
Combined pharmacological and behavioral treatment for agoraphobia.

Thirty-seven severely-disabled agoraphobics were randomly assigned to (1) Imipramine-no exposure. (2) Imipramine + exposure or (3) Placebo + exposure groups. To provide a more stringent test of the pharmacological effects of imipramine independent of exposure to phobic stimuli, Ss in the Imipramine-no exposure condition received antiexposure instructions during the first 8 weeks of therapy. Assessments were conducted at 0, 8 and 26 weeks. At 8 weeks, the group receiving imipramine combined with exposure therapy displayed more improvement than the other two groups, and was the only group to show a reduction in panic attacks. Ss receiving imipramine with antiexposure instructions showed little improvement on phobic indices, no reduction in panic, but significant improvement in anxiety and dysphoric mood. At 26 weeks Ss receiving the combined imipramine + exposure treatment exhibited further improvement resulting in a significant superiority of Imipramine + exposure over Placebo + exposure across a number of different outcome indices. Ss who had received imipramine with antiexposure instructions showed some improvement during the subsequent 18 weeks in which the antiexposure instructions were no longer in effect. However, neither this group nor the Placebo + exposure group showed a reduction in panic attacks. The results of the present trial provide support for the beneficial effects of combining intensive exposure with imipramine, but call into question the thesis that imipramine exerts its effect through a pharmacological blocking of panic attacks. Alternative hypotheses concerning the mode of action of imipramine are presented.
On the Estimation of the Sizes of Local Groups in a Hunting-Gathering Environment1

The ancestors of the Hualapai and Havasupai Indians were once hunters and gatherers, some of whom did a little farming during the summer. The basic adaptation was to a hunting and gathering life and this adaption included local groups of the classic type with a mean size of twenty-eight. This paper presents a theory which retrodicts and accounts for the range of local group sizes and their probabilities (frequencies).
Separatist Nationalism in Gilbert Imlay's The Emigrants

Karsten H. Piep, in his paper "Separatist Nationalism in Gilbert Imlay's The Emigrants," argues that only recently rediscovered among American scholars and still awaiting much critical work, Gilbert Imlay's The Emigrants offers an intriguing case study in the complex relationship between fictional representation and late eighteenth-century nation formation. Tracing briefly the novel's reception history, Piep locates The Emigrants within the socio-political context of eighteenth-century discourses on revolution, emancipation, and independence. Taking Benedict Anderson's study on the rise of nationalism as a point of reference, Piep argues that Imlay's novel offers an example of a perhaps uniquely American separatist nationalism that proffers, employs, expands, and subverts "official" or dominant accounts of nationalism by inviting a transatlantic readership to imagine an utopian community in the remote Ohio River Valley. Piep also explores in his study how novelistic representations of Benedict Anderson's notion of "homogenous, empty time" can be applied with regard to transatlantic imaginings of alternative communities in Imlay's novel. Karsten H. Piep, "Separatist Nationalism in Gilbert Imlay's The Emigrants" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 6.4 (2004):
Convex solid subsets of L0(X, μ)

If A⊂ L0(X, μ) is a convex solid subset of L0(X, μ), then there exist disjoint X0 and X1 with X = X0∪ X1 such that A| X_0 is dense in L0(X0, μ) and A|X_1 is bounded in measure in L0(X1, μ).
Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: rationale, potential, and methods.

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonotic agents that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Asia and Europe and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. The epidemiology of human diseases caused by these viruses is tied to the ecology of the rodent hosts, and effective control and prevention relies on a thorough understanding of host ecology. After the 1993 HPS outbreak in the southwestern United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated long-term studies of the temporal dynamics of hantavirus infection in host populations. These studies, which used mark-recapture techniques on 24 trapping webs at nine sites in the southwestern United States, were designed to monitor changes in reservoir population densities and in the prevalence and incidence of infection; quantify environmental factors associated with these changes; and when linked to surveillance databases for HPS, lead to predictive models of human risk to be used in the design and implementation of control and prevention measures for human hantavirus disease.
Development and application of small-subunit rRNA probes for assessment of selected Thiobacillus species and members of the genus Acidiphilium

Culture-dependent studies have implicated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as the causative agents of acid mine drainage and concrete corrosion in sewers. Thiobacillus species are considered the major representatives of the acid-producing bacteria in these environments. Small-subunit rRNA genes from all of the Thiobacillus and Acidiphilium species catalogued by the Ribosomal Database Project were identified and used to design oligonucleotide DNA probes. Two oligonucleotide probes were synthesized to complement variable regions of 16S rRNA in the following acidophilic bacteria: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans (probe Thio820) and members of the genus Acidiphilium (probe Acdp821). Using 32P radiolabels, probe specificity was characterized by hybridization dissociation temperature (Td) with membrane-immobilized RNA extracted from a suite of 21 strains representing three groups of bacteria. Fluorochrome-conjugated probes were evaluated for use with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) at the experimentally determined Tds. FISH was used to identify and enumerate bacteria in laboratory reactors and environmental samples. Probing of laboratory reactors inoculated with a mixed culture of acidophilic bacteria validated the ability of the oligonucleotide probes to track specific cell numbers with time. Additionally, probing of sediments from an active acid mine drainage site in Colorado demonstrated the ability to identify numbers of active bacteria in natural environments that contain high concentrations of metals, associated precipitates, and other mineral debris.
Conserved cysteine and histidine residues of the avian myeloblastosis virus nucleocapsid protein are essential for viral replication but are not "zinc-binding fingers"

Abstract The nucleocapsid protein from the Rous sarcoma virus has two regions of sequence with the motif Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Gly-His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Cys. All retrovirus nucleocapsid proteins contain one or two of these motifs, and they represent the only conserved sequences among these proteins. Sequence analysis of nucleocapsid from avian myeloblastosis virus shows that it also contains two Cys-His sequences and, in fact, differs from the Rous sarcoma nucleocapsid protein only in three residues near the carboxyl terminus. The hypothesized role of the conserved cysteines and histidines as zinc ligands was tested experimentally. No tightly bound metal ions were detected for avian myeloblastosis nucleocapsid protein, and the molar amount of zinc in virions was less by a factor of 50 than that of the nucleocapsid protein. Added Zn2+ did not significantly affect nucleocapsid binding to poly(ethenoadenylic acid) or its secondary structure, as determined from circular dichroism. Nevertheless, the conserved cysteine and histidine residues of the Rous sarcoma (Prague-C strain) nucleocapsid protein are essential for fully functional virus, as shown by the fact that single-site substitutions of five of the six conserved cysteines and either of the two histidine residues blocked viral replication.
Coordinated buckling of thick multi-walled carbon nanotubes under uniaxial compression

Using a generalized quasi-continuum method, we characterize the post-buckling morphologies and energetics of thick multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under uniaxial compression. Our simulations identify for the first time evolving post-buckling morphologies, ranging from asymmetric periodic rippling to a helical diamond pattern. We attribute the evolving morphologies to the coordinated buckling of the constituent shells. The post-buckling morphologies result in significantly reduced effective moduli that are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio. Our simulation results provide fundamental principles to guide the future design of high-performance, MWCNT-based nanodevices. Open image in new window
Sleep apnea syndrome and essential hypertension

Abstract More than half of patients with essential hypertension have sleep apnea. The incidence of unrecognized sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension was assessed. Twenty-three patients taking antihypertensive medication were selected at random from a hypertension clinic. They were evaluated by questionnaire for symptoms of sleep apnea, and during 3 hours of sleep, measurements were made of respiratory patterns using an impedance pneumograph, arterial O2 saturation with an ear oximeter and air flow at the mouth or nose with a face mask pneumotacograph. Abnormal sleep apneas (average 20 seconds) lasting for an average of 19% sleep time were found in 11 patients (48%). Significant arterial O2 desaturation, defined as a decrease of at least 4% and to
Evaluation of the human airway with multi-detector x-ray-computed tomography and optical imaging

Defining the healthy human airway is important in enhancing our understanding of pulmonary disease states such as inflammation and cancer. The structure of the human airway, both static and dynamic, can be assessed using multi-detector CT (MDCT) scanning. This modality also allows for the evaluation of structures outside of the airway. The airway wall can be directly visualized using CCD chip high-resolution color optical imaging through endoscopy allowing bronchial wall evaluation by traditional biopsy methods, as well as by newer optically based strategies. We suggest that these two imaging modalities, MDCT and optical imaging, provide complementary information about the normal airway, and the airway in various diseases. Methods for evaluating the human airway using MDCT images are presented facilitating automatic airway segmentation, branchpoint finding and airway dimension analysis. The airway wall color is objectively evaluated as an important surrogate for airway wall inflammation and cancer formation, and the integration of the color endoscopic information into the MDCT scan data set is currently ongoing. The amalgamation of these two digital imaging modalities appears increasingly useful for enabling biopsy techniques, and for relating structure and function of the airway. In addition, these developments may be progressively more useful in understanding the normal airway structure and function, for defining airway diseases patterns and for guiding biopsy and therapeutic procedures.
Condensation of a hard-core Bose gas

A grand canonical system of hard-core bosons, subject to thermal fluctuations, is studied on a lattice. Starting from the slave-boson representation with fields for occupied and unoccupied sites, an effective field theory is derived in which a complex field corresponds with the order parameter of the condensate and a real field with the total density of bosons. Near the boundary between the normal and the superfluid phase, we obtain the Ginzburg-Landau functional for the superfluid order parameter. A mean-field calculation shows that the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ increases with increasing density up to a maximum and decreases with further increasing density.
Long-term dead wood changes in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest: Habitat and fire hazard implications

Dead trees play an important role in forests, with snags and coarse woody debris (CWD) used by many bird and mammal species for nesting, resting, or foraging. However, too much dead wood can also contribute to extreme fire behavior. This tension between dead wood as habitat and dead wood as fuel has raised questions about appropriate quantities in fire-dependent forested ecosystems. Three plots installed in mixed conifer forest of the central Sierra Nevada in 1929 illustrate how amounts and sizes of dead wood have changed through time as a result of logging and fire exclusion. Diameter of snags was measured and CWD was mapped in the old-growth condition, prior to logging. Snags were re-measured in 2007 or 2008, and CWD was re-mapped in 2012. Snag density increased from 15.2 ha−1 in 1929 to 140.0 −1 in 2007/2008. However, average snag size declined, with 72% and 22% of snags classified as medium or large in 1929 and 2007/2008, respectively. Mechanisms of tree mortality also appear to have changed with greater mortality in smaller size classes, possibly as a result of higher live tree density. CWD volume, mass, and cover did not differ significantly between 1929 and 2012, with increased tree mortality and lack of periodic consumption by fire apparently compensating for the loss of inputs of large wood due to past logging. However, number of logs increased from 28 ha−1 to 76 ha−1 and average size declined substantially. Because larger-sized dead wood is preferred by many wildlife species, the current condition of more, smaller, and more decayed woody pieces may have a lower ratio of habitat value relative to potential fire hazard than it once did. Size, density, and stage of decomposition are therefore potentially better metrics for managing dead wood than mass and/or volume alone. To restore dead wood to conditions more like those found historically will require growing larger trees and reducing the inputs of dead wood from small and intermediate-sized trees. Fire, which preferentially consumes smaller and more rotten wood, would also help shift the balance to larger and less decayed pieces.
Dry powdered aerosols of diatrizoic acid nanoparticle agglomerates as a lung contrast agent

Aerosolized contrast agents may improve the resolution of biomedical imaging modalities and enable more accurate diagnosis of lung diseases. Many iodinated compounds, such as diatrizoic acid, have been shown to be safe and useful for radiographic examination of the airways. Formulations of such compounds must be improved in order to allow imaging of the smallest airways. Here, diatrizoic acid nanoparticle agglomerates were created by assembling nanoparticles into inhalable microparticles that may augment deposition in the lung periphery. Nanoparticle agglomerates were fully characterized and safety was determined in vivo. After dry powder insufflation to rats, no acute alveolar tissue damage was observed 2h post-dose. Diatrizoic acid nanoparticle agglomerates possess the characteristics of an efficient and safe inhalable lung contrast agent.
Muller's Ratchet and compensatory mutation in Caenorhabditis briggsae mitochondrial genome evolution

Background The theory of Muller' Ratchet predicts that small asexual populations are doomed to accumulate ever-increasing deleterious mutation loads as a consequence of the magnified power of genetic drift and mutation that accompanies small population size. Evidence for Muller's Ratchet and knowledge on its underlying molecular mechanisms, however, are lacking for natural populations.
Potential of ball milling to improve clay dispersion in nanocomposites

The preparation of exfoliated polymer nanocomposites (PNC) in nonpolar system is still preoccupying researchers in the domain. The ball milling coupled with melt-compounding was used for the preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite PNC to evaluate the potential of ball milling in the improvement of clay dispersion. Different approaches were used for doing a preliminary ball milling of clay with or without coupling agent and of all components prior to melt-compounding. The microstructure as well as the rheological and the dynamic mechanical behaviors of the PNC compounds were characterized. The best improvements in clay dispersion were obtained by ball milling clay in the presence of other components to reduce particle agglomeration. The rheological behavior of the compounds confirmed their microstructure. The thermomechanical properties of PNC showed an enhancement in the storage modulus in the glassy and the rubbery states, independent of their microstructure.
Hydrogen exchange study of some polynucleotides and transfer RNA

Abstract The apparent disagreement between published transfer RNA hydrogen exchange results and the tRNA cloverleaf model, prompted a re-investigation of the relationship between hydrogen exchange data and nucleic acid structure. Hydrogen-tritium exchange experiments were carried out with samples of pure and mixed tRNA and with the synthetic polynucleotide bihelices: poly(rA) · poly(rU), poly(rI) · poly(rC), poly(rG) · poly(rC) and poly(dG) · poly (dC). Studies With the synthetic polynucleotides show that, to interpret nucleic acid hydrogen exchange data in terms of quantity of base-paired structure, one must count 5 H for each G · C pair and 2 or 3 for A · U. Both poly(rG) · poly(rC) and poly(dG) · poly(dC) clearly show 5 slowly exchanging H per base pair. For A · U and I · C only 2 were detected, though other workers have found 3 for some A-T systems. These are all base-pair-bound H. The ribose OH is too fast to measure. The reasons for the surprisingly slow exchange of the exposed NH2 protons are unknown. The hydrogen exchange-rate behavior found for the polynucleotides suggests that some local structural distortion is necessary for any of the exchangeable H to react, including the exposed NH2 protons, and that the distortion important for hydrogen exchange is different from that occurring in thermal denaturation. All the tRNA samples show very similar hydrogen exchange profiles. The pure samples (formylmethionine and tyrosine tRNA from Escherichia coli) have ~120 slowly exchanging protons, far more than the ~55 Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds in the simple cloverleaf models. With the above numeration, however, the cloverleaf models for the two pure tRNA samples account for all but approx-imately 20 of their slowly exchanging H. The excess of 20 H is very close to the number required by models having extra tertiary structure. The tRNA's were found to exchange more slowly even than poly(rG) · poly(rC) and to have a unique salt and pH dependence. These anomalies could also be explained by the presence of some tertiary folding. Unacylated and 70% aminoacylated E. coli tRNAfMet were found to have identical hydrogen exchange behavior, suggesting absence of structure change upon aminoacylation. A method was developed for isolating authentic poly(rG) from normally heterodisperse mixtures by Sephadex gel filtration in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide. Formation of the 1:1 poly(rG) · poly(rC) complex was achieved by mixing-experiments in concentrated urea solutions at high temperature.
ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOINACTIVATION STUDIES ON HYBRID VIRUSES OBTAINED BY THE CROSS-RECONSTITUTION OF THE PROTEIN AND RNA COMPONENTS OF U(1) AND U(2) STRAINS OF TMV.

The sensitivities of U(1) and U(2) TMV strains to inactivation by ultraviolet light at 253.7 nm were compared with those of hybrid viruses obtained by reconstituting the protein of either native strain with the RNA of the other. In each case, the hybrid virus was found to be virtually identical in sensitivity to the native strain which supplied the protein coat, indicating that the relative sensitivities of the two native strains to ultraviolet light are solely a function of their respective protein coats. Amino acid analysis of the U (2) protein reveals about thirteen or fourteen amino acid replacements compared with the U (1) strain, which is in agreement with earlier studies indicating that there are considerable differences in the protein subunits of the two proteins. Some of the ways in which the observed differences in proteins of the two strains may determine their respective ultraviolet sensitivities are discussed.
Mailing Lists: Why Are They Still Here, What's Wrong With Them, and How Can We Fix Them?

Mailing lists have existed since the early days of email and are still widely used today, even as more sophisticated online forums and social media websites proliferate. The simplicity of mailing lists can be seen as a reason for their endurance, a source of dissatisfaction, and an opportunity for improvement. Using a mixed-method approach, we studied two community mailing lists in depth with interviews and surveys, and surveyed a broader spectrum of 28 lists. We report how members of the different communities use their lists and their goals and desires for them. We explore why members prefer mailing lists to other group communication tools. But we also identify several tensions around mailing list usage that appear to contribute to dissatisfaction with them. We conclude with design implications, discussing ways to alleviate these tensions while preserving mailing lists' appeal.
Endpoints of resuscitation: what are they anyway?

Hemodynamic optimization of surgical patients during and after surgery in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit is meant to improve outcomes. These outcomes have been measured by Length Of Stay (LOS), rate of infection, days on ventilator, etc. Unfortunately, the adaptation of modern technology to accomplish this has been slow in coming. Ever since Shoemaker described in 1988 using a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) to guide fluid and inotropic administration to deliver supranormal tissue oxygenation, many authors have written about different techniques to achieve this “hemodynamic optimization”. Since the PAC and CVC have both gone out of favor for utilization to monitor and improve hemodynamics, many clinicians have resorted using the easy to use static measurements of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and urine output. In this paper, the authors will review why these static measurements are no longer adequate and review some of the newer technology that have been studied and proven useful. This review of...
Chronic pancreatitis resulting from primary hydatid disease of the pancreas: a case report and review of the literature.

A 24-year-old Jordanian man presented with epigastric pain radiating to the back associated with vomiting; identical episodes had been occurring since age 12 years. He had no weight loss, jaundice or diarrhea, and there was no history of alcohol abuse, abdominal trauma, hyperlipidemia, or family history of pancreatitis. Physical examination revealed an acutely ill man with a temperature of 100° F. The abdominal examination demonstrated hypoactive bowel sounds, epigastric tenderness, and no rebound or guarding. Laboratory data revealed a white blood cell count of 13,700/mm3, a hematocrit of 40%, and 395,000/ mm3 platelets. There was no eosinophilia. His amylase was 571 units/L (normal 25-125), lipase 757 units/L (normal 8-70), and liver function tests were normal. US of the abdomen showed no stones in the gallbladder or biliary ductal dilation but did reveal a dilated pancreatic duct (PD) with calcifications. CT disclosed enlargement of the head of the pancreas with atrophy and calcifications in the body and tail. There was marked dilation of the main PD, and a 2.5 × 3.5 cm cystic lesion was seen projecting from the tail (Fig. 1). A diagnosis of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and pseudocyst of the pancreas was made and endoscopic therapy was considered. ERCP revealed a dilated main PD with multiple filling defects consistent with stones (Fig. 2). A stricture was seen in the PD in the head, with upstream dilation of the remaining duct. An abrupt “cutoff ” of the duct was observed in the region of the presumed pseudocyst. A PD sphincterotomy to facilitate stone extraction was performed, followed by placement of a 7F × 9 cm PD stent. The cholangiogram was normal. The patient was readmitted for recurrent pain 1 month later, and ERCP was repeated. The PD stent was removed and found to be occluded. Several filling defects thought to be pancreatic stones were again observed, and on sweeping the pancreatic duct with an 11.5 mm balloon-tipped catheter, copious amounts of milky white gelatinous secretions poured out of the papillary orifice. This material had given rise to the filling defects in the duct, as contrast instillation at the termination of the procedure showed a dilated PD but no filling defects. The patient improved clinically, only to return with pancreatitis again, and surgery was consulted. At laparotomy, a cystic mass was present in the body and tail of the pancreas that was adherent to the spleen. A partial pancreatectomy followed by pancreaticojejunostomy was performed. Opening of the cystic mass disclosed a hydatid cyst containing multiple daughter cysts (Fig. 3), and the histopathologic findings were consistent with Echinococcus granulosus. There was a communication between the cyst cavity and the main PD through a defect in the cyst wall. Postoperatively the patient was treated with albendazole at an oral dose of 400 mg BID for 12 weeks. He has remained symptom free to date (12 months).
Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine

The large Trp gene family encodes transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins that form novel cation-selective ion channels. In mammals, 28 Trp channel genes have been identified. TRP proteins exhibit diverse permeation and gating properties and are involved in a plethora of physiologic functions with a strong impact on cellular sensing and signaling pathways. Indeed, mutations in human genes encoding TRP channels, the so-called "TRP channelopathies," are responsible for a number of hereditary diseases that affect the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and nervous systems. This review gives an overview of the functional properties of mammalian TRP channels, describes their roles in acquired and hereditary diseases, and discusses their potential as drug targets for therapeutic intervention.
SCREAM MicroElectroMechanical Systems

A process called SCREAM for Single Crystal Reactive Etching And Metallization is used to make MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). The SCREAM process yields high-aspect-ratio (>50:1) released, single crystal silicon structures with micrometer-scale minimum features and a suspension span of greater than 5 millimeters. Such structures include picofarad sensing capacitors and high force actuators that generate milli-Newton forces (100mN/cm^2 at 40 Volts) and controllable, three dimensional motion and displacements. Examples of SCREAM devices and microinstruments include a materials testing or loading instrument, and micro-scanning tunneling microscopes.
Bounded Rationality and Limited Datasets: Testable Implications, Identifiability, and Out-of-Sample Prediction

Theories of bounded rationality are typically characterized over an exhaustive data set. This paper aims to operationalize some leading theories when the available data is limited, as is the case in most practical settings. How does one tell if observed choices are consistent with a theory of bounded rationality if the data is incomplete? What information can be identified about preferences? How can out-of-sample predictions be made? Our approach is contrasted with earlier attempts to examine bounded rationality theories on limited data, showing their notion of consistency is inappropriate for identifiability and out-of-sample prediction.
Can subclasses help a multiclass learning problem

There are many issues that are extensively studied in a multiclass learning problem, e.g. classifier selection, data balancing, training schemes, etc. In this paper, we introduce the subclass partition and present it as a novel factor that will influence the multiclass learning performance. In many multiclass learning problems, the implicit subclass subsumption information is often ignored. This paper studies the role of the subclass and outlines the connection between the discrimination boundary and the subclass partition of the classifier. The paper investigates the use of the subclass partition to help design the better classifier architecture and formalizes the subclass partition by introducing the partition space and the partition search tree. It also proposes an algorithm to heuristically search for the optimal subclass partition. We apply the proposed scheme to a 3-class occupant classification problem, which includes 16 subclasses. The experiments are positive to demonstrate that we can improve the multiclass learning performance by searching for the optimal output class partitions.
Loss of the Mitochondrial Nucleoid Protein, Abf2p, Destabilizes Repetitive DNA in the Yeast Mitochondrial Genome

Loss of Abf2p, an abundant mitochondrial nucleoid-associated protein, results in increased mitochondrial frameshifts and direct-repeat mediated deletions but has no effect on the rate of mitochondrial point mutations. The instability of repeated sequences in this strain may be linked to the loss of mitochondrial DNA in abf2-Δ strains.
ASSESSING IMPERVIOUS SURFACE CONNECTIVITY AND APPLICATIONS FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

Abstract: Although total impervious area (TIA) is often used as an indicator of urban disturbance, recent studies suggest that the subset of impervious surfaces that route stormwater runoff directly to streams via stormwater pipes, called directly connected impervious area (DCIA), may be a better predictor of stream ecosystem alteration. We evaluated the differences between TIA and DCIA in the Shepherd Creek catchment, a small (1.85-km2), suburban basin in Cincinnati, Ohio. Imperviousness determinations were calculated based on publicly available geographic information system (GIS) data and parcel-scale field assessments, and these direct assessments were compared to DCIA calculated from published, empirical relationships. Impervious and semi-impervious area comprised 13.1% of the catchment area, with 56.3% of the impervious area connected. When summarized by subcatchments (0.26-1.85 km2), TIA measured in the field (11-23%) was considerably higher than that calculated from the National Land Cover Data Imperviousness Layer (7-18%). In contrast, TIA calculated based on aerial photos was similar to TIA calculated from field assessments, thus indicating that photo interpretation may be adequate for catchment-scale (>25 ha) TIA determinations. While these GIS data sources can be used to calculate TIA, on-site assessments were necessary to accurately determine DCIA within residential parcels. There was a wide variation in percent connectivity across parcels, and, subsequently, DCIA was not accurately predicted from empirical relationships with TIA. We discuss applications of DCIA data that highlight the importance of parcel-scale field assessments for managing suburban watersheds.
Teaching and the Sense of Tradition: A Nontraditionalist Perspective

Human beings cannot develop and sustain an identity without a moral source. People need a moral source, or horizon, in order to assess what is better and what is worse, what is good and what is bad, what is worth striving for and what is of lesser value, what is the best way to regard and treat other persons, and more. Without such a framework, people lose their bearings in the world. They become unmoored, demoralized, no longer capable of maintaining an identity. Even the most outspoken relativist, who might claim that every person can and should fashion values any way she pleases, thereby acknowledges that he is operating from a moral horizon which says it is good, it is right, it is proper, it is better, for individuals to be entirely selfmade rather than not to be.
Phased array development for noninvasive focused ultrasound therapy of brain and liver

In order to perform noninvasive ultrasound therapy of brain and liver, several phased arrays have been developed in our laboratory. A 256 element array and a 449 element array have been constructed, both operate at 1.1 MHz. We have obtained lesions in pig livers through the abdominal wall using the 256 element array. Additionally, we have designed a hemisphere array to operate at 625 kHz for transskull brain therapies, and numerical results are presented when the hemisphere transducer is divided into 228 elements.
Use of Video Games to Enhance Construction Management Education

Educators have been using the same traditional teaching methods for a very long time. New technologies that are being rolled out on an almost daily basis have a high potential in elevating the educational experience for both students and teachers. Using video games in education has been proposed and implemented on small scales. However, a complete transformation of the educational experience using video games has yet to be implemented. This paper discusses the theory behind such a transformation. In addition, the potential for video games to elevate the level of education in different subjects is explored. Finally, a brief outline is proposed for implementing the use of video games for teaching in the field of construction management.
INFLUENCE OF CORRELATIONS ON THE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF AN ELECTRON GAS. NONPERTURBATIVE APPROACH TO THE MANY-FERMION SYSTEM

Influence of correlations on dielectric behavior of electron gas - nonperturbative approach to many-fermion system
Potential role of NADH oxidoreductase-derived reactive O2 species in calf pulmonary arterial PO2-elicited responses

Our laboratory has previously reported evidence that tone responses of isolated endothelium-removed calf pulmonary arteries elicited by changes in PO2 appear to be mediated via changes in H2O2 and ...
Learning deep features for image emotion classification

Images can both express and affect people's emotions. It is intriguing and important to understand what emotions are conveyed and how they are implied by the visual content of images. Inspired by the recent success of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) in visual recognition, we explore two simple, yet effective deep learning-based methods for image emotion analysis. The first method uses off-the-shelf CNN features directly for classification. For the second method, we fine-tune a CNN that is pre-trained on a large dataset, i.e. ImageNet, on our target dataset first. Then we extract features using the fine-tuned CNN at different location at multiple levels to capture both the global and local information. The features at different location are aggregated using the Fisher Vector for each level and concatenated to form a compact representation. From our experimental results, both the deep learning-based methods outperforms traditional methods based on generic image descriptors and hand-crafted features.
Demonstration of Brain Tumor-Induced Neurovascular Uncoupling in Resting-State fMRI at Ultrahigh Field

To demonstrate in a small case series for the first time the phenomenon of brain tumor-related neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) in resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at ultrahigh field (7T). Two de novo (i.e., untreated) brain tumor patients underwent both BOLD resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) on a 7T MRI system and motor task-based BOLD fMRI at 3T. Ipsilesional (i.e., ipsilateral to tumor or IL) and contralesional (i.e., contralateral to tumor or CL) region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed on both 3T motor task-related general linear model-derived activation maps and on 7T rsfMRI independent component analysis (ICA)-derived sensorimotor network maps for each case. Asymmetry scores (ASs) were computed based on numbers of suprathreshold voxels in the IL and CL ROIs. In each patient, ASs derived from ROI analysis of suprathreshold voxels in IL and CL ROIs in task-related activation maps and rsfMRI ICA-derived sensorimotor component maps indicate greater number of suprathreshold voxels in contralesional than ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex in both maps. In patient 1, an AS of 0.2 was obtained from the suprathreshold Z-score spectrum (voxels with Z-scores >5.0) of the task-based activation map and AS of 1.0 was obtained from the suprathreshold Z-score spectrum (Z-scores >5.0) of the ICA-derived sensorimotor component map. Similarly, in patient 2, an AS of 1.0 was obtained from the suprathreshold Z-score spectrum (Z-scores >5.0) of the task-based activation map and an AS of 1.0 was obtained from the suprathreshold Z-score spectrum (Z-scores >5.0) of the ICA-derived sensorimotor component map. Overall, decreased BOLD signal was noted in IL compared with CL ROIs on both task-based activation maps and ultrahigh field resting-state maps, indicating the presence of NVU. We have demonstrated evidence of NVU on ultrahigh field 7T rsfMRI comparable with the findings on standard 3T motor task-based fMRI in both cases.
Beyond the ideology principle: the two faces of dubbed foreign films in PRC, 1949–1966

During the 17-year period China imported over 800 features from the Soviet bloc, Western Europe and beyond; these dubbed foreign films regularly occupied a third to a half of total exhibition time in Chinese theaters. Previous scholarship tended to rely on newspapers and journals of the time and emphasize the propagandist efficacy of these films. Based on government documents, film company records, and memoirs, I argue that foreign films both served and failed to serve the conflicting imperatives of program supply, diplomacy, and propaganda. As a result of these conflicting functions – in addition to their ‘foreignness’ – dubbed foreign films were sheltered from much of the censorship and denunciation inflicted on domestic productions; at times they could even betray their propagandist purpose and constitute a legitimate space of mild dissent against mainstream aesthetics and ideology.
The Importance of Micro-level Effects on Social Movement Outcomes MachsomWatch at Israeli Checkpoints

Social movement scholarship has found that social movement organizations (SMOs) rarely have much effect on issues related to war and the military. This article examines how one Israeli women’s huma...
Purification of Endothelial Cells from Rat Brain

Endothelial cells make up a minor population of cells in a tissue, but play a major role in tissue homeostasis, as well as in diverse pathologies. To understand the biology of cerebral endothelium, purification and characterization of the cerebrocortical endothelial cell population is highly desirable. For this purpose, rat brains are mechanically minced and subsequently digested enzymatically with collagenase. In this protocol, the capillary fraction (microvessels) and the fraction enriched in small arterioles and arteries (resistance vessels) are separated. Each produces its own homogenous endothelial culture, namely, MV-EC and RV-EC. The endothelial origin of these cells is identified by positive immunofluorescent staining for the endothelial cell surface antigen Factor VIII. Unlike MV-EC, RV-EC cultures are capable of serial cultivation for up to 15 passages. Primary MV-ECs are able to retain their characteristic endothelial morphology for 6-8 weeks.
Teaching a Clone to Walk, One Step at a Time

Development of broad HIV neutralizing antibodies during infection requires prolonged exposure to viral variants. A series of three studies published in this issue of Cell and a related paper in Immunity report new HIV structure-based design efforts focused on sequential boosting regimens with antigens of increasing maturation that point the way forward for an effective HIV vaccine strategy.
Technologies and functions of the concept Industry 4.0

In this chapter, the technological foundation of Industry 4.0 will be explored by presenting key and basic technologies, their interaction, and the functions they offer in order to identify their influence on the afore defined end-to-end digital integration in production logistics.
MobiX: A software proposal based authentication service for mobile devices

In this paper, MobiX technology provides security for online services using mobile devices with a wide range of customers including governments, military, business enterprises, and scientific organization, and individuals have been proposed. MobiX is a software security solution technology to enhance the networked mobile device trustworthiness, application integrity, preventing users from malware attacks. MobiX provides two authentication layers and two additional security layers in addition to the conventional username-password for mobile devices in a unique system design. MobiX is fully implemented by software; therefore, it can be quickly deployed into different legacy mobile devices. More importantly, the novel device authenticity is based on the one-way a keyless cryptographic hash function and on the Generalized Concatenated Code Physically Unclonable Function (GCCPUF) to effectively protect the users from different attack vectors such as insiders, spoofing attack, or identity theft attacks. On the other hand, the app authenticity prevents malware and app-tempering cybersecurity attacks via an efficient and secure remote attestation protocol. The comprehensive protection architecture of MobiX would enable M-commerce with superior security capabilities compared with the existing solutions.
Network Effects of Hierarchical Information

This thesis analyzes the formation of networks as a result of the search for valuable information by the agents. The contribution of this work is the separation of information in types. Volume or quantity of information matters but also what kind of information. As a result, we have networks in which agents with similar level and type of information tend to be in the same group. Agents can act competitively or collaboratively depending on the type of information they possess.
The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population

Purpose A correlation between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was described in adults. In this study, we examined if there is a relationship between IDA an...
Evaluation of the Older Driver

Older adults in the United States are healthier and more active than ever before. The number of adult drivers 65 years and older is increasing rapidly. However, older drivers are involved in more fatal car incidents per miles driven than any other age group except teenagers. Driving has become very important for older adults because it is critical to their independence and self-esteem. Therefore, the role of health care providers and the interprofessional team is essential to maximizing the life expectancy of driving to match the life span and activity levels of the older adult population.
Progression to Complete Heart Block in a Patient With Myotonic Dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder and is associated with a high incidence of sudden cardiac death. Early recognition and prophylactic primary prevention for cardiac conduction defects has been shown to increase survival of these patients. Increasing awareness among physicians could result in survival benefit close to a decade for this population of patients. J Med Cases. 2018;9(4):114-115 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3028w
Doom and gloom versus optimism: An assessment of ocean-related U.S. science journalism (2001-2015)

Abstract In recent years, some scientists have expressed concern about the negative representation of the state of the oceans in the media. To examine this concern empirically, we analyzed the content of 169 articles in mainstream U.S. newspapers covering ocean-related research between 2001 and 2015. Content was categorized according to main issue, basis of evidence, causal attribution, presence of solutions and uncertainty, and coded for doom and gloom and optimistic language. Science journalism about ocean issues most commonly addressed climate change and the status of ocean species or populations. The majority of articles cited peer-reviewed research. Most articles attributed change to anthropogenic causes, although ocean science articles addressing climate change were less likely to do so. Uncertain language and solutions were observed in nearly half of all articles. Optimistic language outnumbered doom and gloom language across all categories. While doom and gloom language was identified in 10% of all articles, optimistic language was present in 27%.