cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CCRP: Customized cooperative resource provisioning for high resource utilization in clouds

In cloud systems, efficient resource provisioning is needed to maximize the resource utilization while reducing the Service Level Objective (SLO) violation rate, which is important to cloud providers for high profit. Several methods have been proposed to provide efficient provisioning. However, the previous methods do not consider leveraging the complementary of jobs' requirements on different resource types and job size concurrently to increase the resource utilization. Also, by simply packing complementary jobs without considering job size in the job packing, it can decrease the resource utilization. Therefore, in this paper, we consider both jobs' demands on different resource types (in the spatial space) and jobs' execution time (in the temporal space); we pack the complementary jobs (whose demands on multiple resource types are complementary to each other) belonging to the same type and assign them to a Virtual Machine (VM) to increase the resource utilization. Moreover, the previous methods do not provide efficient resource allocation for heterogeneous jobs in current cloud systems and do not offer different SLO degrees for different job types to achieve higher resource utilization and lower SLO violation rate. Therefore, we propose a Customized Cooperative Resource Provisioning (CCRP) scheme for the heterogeneous jobs in clouds. CCRP uses the hybrid resource allocation and provides SLO availability customization for different job types. To test the performance of CCRP, we compared CCRP with existing methods under various scenarios. Extensive experimental results based on a real cluster and Amazon EC2 show that CCRP achieves 50% higher or more resource utilization and 50% lower or less SLO violation rate compared to the previous resource provisioning strategies.
Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Pulsed-Laser Deposited BaTio 3 Thin Films

BaTiO3 thin films have been grown on Si(100) substrate by KrF pulsed – laser deposition (PLD). The process parameters such as background gas pressure, substrate temperature, and laser fluence were varied in order to investigate their influence on the crystal structure, surface morphology and mechanical properties. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hardness, Young’s modules and scratch testing of BaTiO3 films were measured using nano-indenter. The stoichiometric BaTiO3 films having uniform grains were grown. The defects and particulates were generated at higher laser fluence. The size and density of particulates were increased with tighter laser focus. The results from dynamic scratch test indicated that the films with good adhesion were grown at moderate laser fluence.
Evaluating local adaptation of a complex phenotype: reciprocal tests of pigmy rattlesnake venoms on treefrog prey

Theory predicts that predator–prey interactions can generate reciprocal selection pressures on species pairs, which can result in local adaptation, yet the presence and pattern of local adaptation is poorly studied in vertebrate predator–prey systems. Here, we used a reciprocal common garden (laboratory) experimental design involving comparisons between local and foreign populations to determine if local adaptation was present between a generalist predator—the pigmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius)—and a co-occurring prey—the squirrel treefrog (Hyla squirella). We conducted toxicity trials using snake venom from two populations separated by 340 km tested on prey from sympatric and allopatric populations, resulting in data from four venom origin–frog origin combinations. We assessed venom effectiveness using two measures (frog mortality at 24 h and time to frog death) and then used regression analyses to look for a signal of local adaptation with either measure. We found evidence for local adaptation for one measure (time to death), but not the other (frog mortality). We argue that in this system, the time to death of a prey item is a more ecologically relevant measure of venom effectiveness than is frog mortality at 24 h. Our results document an example of local adaptation between two interacting vertebrates using a whole-organism assay and a local versus foreign criteria and provide evidence that population-level variation in snake venom is adaptive.
Optimal control for principal kinematic systems on lie groups

Abstract In this paper we present a simplified formulation of the necessary conditions for optimal controls of principal kinematic systems evolving on Lie groups. This class of systems is particularly meaningful because a number of different types of locomotion systems, such as kinematic snakes, paramecia, inchworms, mobile carts, and even the falling cat, can be represented in this form. Furthermore, it is shown that for systems on Abelian Lie groups, the equations describing the optimal control inputs take on an even simpler form, based purely on the curvature of the kinematic connection describing the locomotion. These ideas are presented with several examples, including the cylinder (paramecium) swimming at low Reynolds' number and a normal form for TV-trailer systems.
Molecular MR imaging of fibrosis in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer.

Fibrosis with excessive amounts of type I collagen is a hallmark of many solid tumours, and fibrosis is a promising target in cancer therapy, but tools for its non-invasive quantification are missing. Here we used magnetic resonance imaging with a gadolinium-based probe targeted to type I collagen (EP-3533) to image and quantify fibrosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. An orthotopic syngeneic mouse model resulted in tumours with 2.3-fold higher collagen level compared to healthy pancreas. Animals were scanned at 4.7 T before, during and up to 60 min after i.v. injection of EP-3533, or of its non-binding isomer EP-3612. Ex-vivo quantification of gadolinium showed significantly higher uptake of EP-3533 compared to EP-3612 in tumours, but not in surrounding tissue (blood, muscle). Uptake of EP-3533 visualized in T1-weighted MRI correlated well with spatial distribution of collagen determined by second harmonic generation imaging. Differences in the tumour pharmacokinetic profiles of EP-3533 and EP-3612 were utilized to distinguish specific binding to tumour collagen from non-specific uptake. A model-free pharmacokinetic measurement based on area under the curve was identified as a robust imaging biomarker of fibrosis. Collagen-targeted molecular MRI with EP-3533 represents a new tool for non-invasive visualization and quantification of fibrosis in tumour tissue.
Constructive Confrontation and Other Referral Processes

Constructive confrontation is a workplace strategy used to identify alcoholic employees and motivate them to change their behavior, either with their own resources or with the counseling services provided by employee assistance programs. This paper describes the strategy’s use by supervisors, peers, unions, and occupational groups, and it reviews the effectiveness of the evaluation research. The paper concludes with a discussion of “self-referral” in employee assistance.
Pressure reciprocity calibration of a MEMS microphone

This article reports the first use of the pressure reciprocity technique to calibrate a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) microphone. This standardized primary calibration method is conventionally used to calibrate laboratory standard microphones. Results for the pressure reciprocity calibration of a MEMS microphone and two laboratory standard microphones are presented for the frequency range 100–10 000 Hz. Because the amplifier in the MEMS microphone package prevents reciprocal operation, this microphone was used only as a receiver of sound. A description of the procedure is presented along with checks of the measurement results and data regarding the uncertainties of these results.
Upper Bounds and Parity Considerations

Consider a system with a Hamiltonian H such that $$ H_n^\Psi = E_n \Psi _n $$ (10.1)
A Comprehensive Treatment Manual for the Management of Obesity

Obesity is a serious and prevalent problem (Brownell & Wadden, 1992). A recent study shows that 24% of men and 27% of women are at least 20% above desirable weight (Kuczmarski, 1992). Obesity tends to be especially prevalent among minority and low-socioeconomic-status populations (Ernst & Harlan, 1991; Sobal & Stunkard, 1989). The prevalence of obesity also increases with age, particularly among women (Williamson, Kahn, Remington, & Anda, 1990). Furthermore, when these factors come together, as in the case of African-American women ages 45 to 75 years, the prevalence rate of obesity is as high as 60% (Van Itallie, 1985).
A Bulldog of Your Owen: The Philosophies Behind the Huxley–Owen Debate

Keywords Owen.Huxley.Philosophy of science.Ape brain debate.Humanistic perspectiveIn the years immediately following the 1859 publication ofDarwin’s Origin of Species (Darwin 1859), a disagreementover man’s place in nature and his relationship to the greatapes was debated between two iconic nineteenth-centuryscientists, Richard Owen and Thomas Henry Huxley.Though many readers will likely be familiar with the clashbetween Darwin’s critics and defenders such as Huxley,who was famously sharpening his claws and beak inreadiness, few are likely to be as conversant with thehistory and philosophy underlying the arguments. Christo-pher E. Cosans’ Owen’s Ape and Darwin’s Bulldog: BeyondDarwinism and Creationism was published on the 150thanniversary of Mr. Darwin’s Origin and tells a detailedstory of the historical, philosophical, economic, and culturalstage upon which the “ape brain debate” between Owenand Huxley ensued.Similar to both Huxley and Owen, Christopher Cosanshas a firsthand perspective of the importance of anatomicaldissection and its place in the study of the relationshipsbetween organisms; in fact he has gone so far as toreproduce the dissections that originally demonstrated theanatomical structures central to the ape brain debate. It islaudable that a philosopher of science is so well versed inthe skills of the “dirty dissecting theatre.” Ultimately,Cosans leads the reader through a maze of philosophicalterminology and concepts all the while using the Huxley–Owen debate as a vehicle to demonstrate the differencesbetween scientific materialism and the humanistic realistperspective and how they relate to modern science, ethics,and society.Cosans begins by taking the reader on a journeythrough nineteenth-century Western philosophy of sci-ence with the parable of the “hippopotamus major” inCharles Kingsley’s The Water-Babies (Kingsley 1863)asa tool to explain the differences between scientific andhumanistic thinking, which in the end is the central themeof Owen’sApe.In the first half of the book (chapters 2–4) the reader isimmersed in the philosophical ideas that surround theanatomical discussions regarding the similarities and differ-ences in the brains of ape and man. The anatomicalobservations that Owen published prior to Darwin’s Originhighlight features that differentiate man from ape, placinghim in a subclass of mammal well removed from an apeancestor. In these chapters Cosans counters social construc-tivism critiques that suggest Owen’s views were inopposition to social reform, exemplified primarily in theworks of Adrian Desmond (1986, 1992). All the whileCosans clearly demonstrates how Owen dealt with the issueof race by using non-European specimens such as thecrania of Papuans to typify man, providing strong support“that the difference between Papuan and adult ape skullsovershadows any difference between Papuans and Euro-peans” (pg. 52). Considering the broader context of hownineteenth-century biologists viewed the human races,Cosans summarizes Owen’s view “that, compared to apes,
Against Vague Existence

In my book Four-dimensionalism (chapter 4, section 9), I argued that fourdimensionalism – the doctrine of temporal parts – follows from several other premises, chief among which is the premise that existence is never vague. Kathrin Koslicki (preceding article) claims that the argument fails since its crucial premise is unsupported, and is dialectically inappropriate to assume in the context of arguing for four-dimensionalism. Since the relationship between four-dimensionalism and the non-vagueness of existence is not perfectly transparent, I think the argument would retain some interest even if the premise were wholly unsupported; it would show that anyone who accepts that premise (which seems reasonable enough to me though perhaps not to others) must accept four-dimensionalism. Still, Koslicki is right that my defense of the premise was thin. So I will now try to do better. The new defense will have further premises, which could ultimately be rejected by opponents of four-dimensionalism, and so the argument retains the form: anyone who thinks certain things (which seem reasonable enough to me though perhaps not to others) must believe four-dimensionalism. But that’s metaphysics for you. I should also say that, in addition to the material on vague existence, there is more in Koslicki’s excellent paper which I cannot discuss here. I agree with much of it;1 and where we disagree there are formidable challenges, some of which I hope to address in the future.
Miscellaneous Lesions of the Villous Parenchyma

In this chapter, some rare and some more common findings are discussed. Calcification in the placenta is a frequent finding. Although frequently it does not have any known clinical consequences, it is a sign of significant pathology in some cases. Presence of heterotopic tissue in the placental parenchyma is rare, but these interesting lesions underline our limited knowledge of the development of the placenta.
Massive-Scale Binding Free Energy Simulations of HIV Integrase Complexes Using Asynchronous Replica Exchange Framework Implemented on the IBM WCG Distributed Network.

To perform massive-scale replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations for calculating binding free energies of protein–ligand complexes, we implemented the asynchronous replica exchange (...
Meaningfulness in representational fluency: An analytic lens for students’ creations, interpretations, and connections

Abstract Representational fluency—the ability to create, interpret, translate between, and connect multiple representations—is key to meaningful understanding of mathematics. This research develops an analytic framework for meaningfulness in representational fluency in linear equation solving tasks. The analytic lens was developed by adapting a structure of observed learning outcome (SOLO) taxonomy. The framework advances a continuum of perspectives including disfluencies and fluencies both within and across representation types. Data from interviews with ninth-grade algebra students solving linear equations with computer algebra systems exemplify the fine-grained analyses of problem solving made possible with this lens. Findings also reveal how lesser meaningfulness in representational fluency may be a productive starting point for more sophisticated reasoning. Implications for research and practice on the interplay between students’ representing and understanding of mathematical ideas are discussed.
Extended adaptive mutation operator for training an explosive hazard detection prescreener in forward looking infrared imagery

A big challenge with forward looking (FL), versus downward looking, sensors mounted on a ground vehicle for explosive hazard detection (EHD) is they “see everything”, on and off road. Even if a technology such as road detection is used, we still have to find and subsequently discriminate targets versus clutter on the road and often road side. When designing an automatic detection system for FL-EHD, we typically make use of a prescreener to identify regions of interest (ROI) instead of searching for targets in an inefficient brute force fashion by extracting complicated features and running expensive classifiers at every possible translation, rotation and scale. In this article, we explore the role of genetic algorithms (GAs), specifically with respect to a new adaptive mutation operator, for learning the parameters of a FL-EHD prescreener in FL infrared (FLIR) imagery. The proposed extended adaptive mutation (eAM) algorithm is driven by fitness similarities in the chromosome population. Currently, our prescreener consists of many free parameters that are empirically chosen by a researcher. The parameters are learned herein using the proposed optimization technique and the performance of the system is measured using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves on data obtained from a U.S. Army test site that includes a variety of target types buried at varying depths and from different times of day. The proposed technique is also applied to numerous synthetic fitness landscapes to further assess the effectiveness of the eAM algorithm. Results show that the new adaptive mutation technique converges faster to a better solution than a GA with fixed mutation.
How Pakistan Got Divided

Rao Farman Ali Khan’s book How Pakistan Got Divided is a treasure chest for historians and South Asia scholars. It is written with profound insights and emotive value from the first-person accounts...
The Impact of a Concierge Medicine Model on Door to Doctor Time and Patient Flow in an Urban Emergency Department.

Introduction Emergency Department (ED) crowding negatively impacts patient outcomes, patient satisfaction, and patient safety. One solution involves introducing a Concierge Physician (CP) whose sole purpose is to provide a brief initial assessment (BIA) and aid patient navigation through the ED. The goal of this study was to quantify the impact of a CP on patient flow dynamics in an urban ED setting. Methods We performed a retrospective observational cohort study in an urban academic ED over a 6-month period. Initially, the CP was present in the treatment area during weekdays; during the last half of the observation period, an additional CP was added to the waiting room on weekends. We identified four major milestones in the ED visit with regards to patient throughput. Adult patients presenting to the ED with a triage level of Urgent (ESI 3) were analyzed for this study. Data were stratified based on the patient's ultimate disposition (admitted or discharged) and presented as means with predictive analysis. Results Between August 2016 and January 2017, the ED evaluated 42,397 adult patients. Of those, 26,976 (64%) were triage level Urgent (3). Of the level 3 patients, 10,279 (38%) received a BIA from a CP. Patients evaluated by a CP were seen approximately 30 mins faster (40% reduction in Door to Doctor time), but stayed 30 mins longer in the ED on average, because the medical decision-making process took >1 hr longer when the patient was initially evaluated by a CP. Conclusion Adapting a concierge medicine model to rapidly evaluate patients resulted in a dramatically reduced Door to Doctor time, but an increase in overall time spent in the ED. This discrepancy was a direct result of the delay in physician disposition.
Mastery Learning of Clinical Communication Skills

Mastery learning of clinical communication skills is not as well studied as mastery learning of other topics but holds great promise to significantly impact patient and family outcomes, provider well-being, and healthcare resource use. This chapter reviews the current state of evidence for communication skills training in general and mastery learning of communication skills in particular. Unique aspects of mastery learning of communication skills, compared to mastery learning of procedural skills, are highlighted and serve as the foundation for an examination of the key tasks in the design of a mastery learning communication curriculum. Particular attention is paid to creating an assessment tool, choosing a model of deliberate practice, and choosing a model for bringing learners to mastery. The chapter concludes with a consideration of future directions for this relatively new field of mastery learning of clinical communication skills.
Confronting Complexity in Agroecology: Simple Models From Turing to Simon

There are two interrelated issues that seem to be emerging as central to the understanding of ecological systems more generally, particularly relevant to agroecosystems. First is the key insights of Alan Turing in which spatial pattern emerges from a system in which there is a reaction between two objects, both of which are diffusing in space, a pest and its natural enemy, for example. Secondly, as small-scale farmers make complex decisions about their farm’s ecosystem management, they are forced to contemplate market forces as much as the background ecology. This necessity automatically involves a time lag in that remuneration for produce is realized substantially after the decision to plant is made. Here, behavioral economics intersects with nonlinear ecological dynamics to produce an expectation of chaotic patterns. It is suggested that these two core ideas, spatial dynamics (e.g., Turing’s dynamic instability in space) and chaos (e.g., Simon’s constrained rationality in farm decisions) form a qualitative theoretical foundation for understanding the ecology of agroecosystems.
Effects of wait on cement, setting depth, pipe material, and pressure on performance of liner cement

Abstract An intact cement sheath between a liner and its host casing is critical for maintaining well integrity. The liner-casing overlap incorporates a cement sheath and a seal assembly that collectively establish a dual barrier system. This type of barrier provides a unique set of hydraulic and mechanical properties that are necessary to isolate fluids and prevent undesired communication between formations, wellbore, and environment. The hydraulic and mechanical integrity of the cement sheath can be compromised as a result of stresses induced by various drilling, completion, intervention, stimulation, production, and injection operations. The assessment of cement sheath integrity in the liner barrier system has been a major concern for both the industry as well as the regulators. The objective of this paper is to study the mechanical integrity and the risk of failure at the casing-cement and cement-liner interfaces. The evaluation was performed for various downhole pressure conditions, cement and pipe properties, wait-on-cement (WOC) intervals, and liner setting depths. Analytically and experimentally validated finite element modelling (FEM) approach was employed in this work. The simulation results indicate that tensile hoop stress generated by pressure loads, is one of the most dominant factors that compromises the cement mechanical integrity. This observation was supported by the radial cracks observed during the experimental pressure tests. This work advances design and performance evaluation guidelines for liner cements. Results presented will assist engineers in predicting cement failure modes and identifying operation limits to consider during a well's life cycle.
Dietary Vitamin B12 reduces amyloid-β proteotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment. Diet, as a modifiable risk factor for AD, could potentially be targeted to slow disease onset and progression. However, complexity of the human diet and indirect effects of the microbiome make it challenging to identify protective nutrients. Multiple factors contribute to AD pathogenesis including amyloid beta (A{beta}) deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Here we used Caenorhabditis elegans to define the impact of diet on A{beta} proteotoxicity. We discovered that dietary vitamin B12 alleviated mitochondrial fragmentation, bioenergetic defects, and oxidative stress, delaying A{beta}-induced paralysis without affecting A{beta} accumulation. Vitamin B12 had this protective effect by acting as a cofactor for methionine synthase rather than as an antioxidant. Vitamin supplementation of B12 deficient adult A{beta} animals was beneficial, demonstrating potential for vitamin B12 as a therapy to target pathogenic features of AD triggered by both aging and proteotoxic stress.
A Novel Patient Values Tab for the Electronic Health Record: A User-Centered Design Approach.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has shined a harsh light on a critical deficiency in our health care system: our inability to access important information about patients’ values, goals, and preferences in the electronic health record (EHR). At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), we have integrated and systematized health-related values discussions led by oncology nurses for newly diagnosed cancer patients as part of routine comprehensive cancer care. Such conversations include not only the patient’s wishes for care at the end of life but also more holistic personal values, including sources of strength, concerns, hopes, and their definition of an acceptable quality of life. In addition, health care providers use a structured template to document their discussions of patient goals of care. Objective: To provide ready access to key information about the patient as a person with individual values, goals, and preferences, we undertook the creation of the Patient Values Tab in our center’s EHR to display this information in a single, central location. Here, we describe the interprofessional, interdisciplinary, iterative process and user-centered design methodology that we applied to build this novel functionality as well as our initial implementation experience and plans for evaluation. Methods: We first convened a working group of experts from multiple departments, including medical oncology, health informatics, information systems, nursing informatics, nursing education, and supportive care, and a user experience designer. We conducted in-depth, semistructured, audiorecorded interviews of over 100 key stakeholders. The working group sought consensus on the tab’s main content, homing in on high-priority areas identified by the stakeholders. The core content was mapped to various EHR data sources. We established a set of high-level design principles to guide our process. Our user experience designer then created wireframes of the tab design. The designer conducted usability testing with physicians, nurses, and other health professionals. Data validation testing was conducted. Results: We have already deployed the Patient Values Tab to a pilot sample of users in the MSK Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Service, including physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and administrative staff. We have early evidence of the positive impact of this EHR innovation. Audit logs show increasing use. Many of the initial user comments have been enthusiastically positive, while others have provided constructive suggestions for additional tab refinements with respect to format and content. Conclusions: It is our challenge and obligation to enrich the EHR with information about the patient as a person. Realization of this capability is a pressing public health need requiring the collaboration of technological experts with a broad range of clinical leaders, users, patients, and families to achieve solutions that are both principled and practical. Our new Patient Values Tab represents a step forward in this important direction.
A Reexamination of the Paleoindian Bison Kill at the Alexon Site, Florida

A chert object embedded in the cranium of a bison found at the Alexon site, Florida, is cited as direct evidence of human and megafauna interaction at the end of the Pleistocene in the American Sou...
Association Between Food Allergy, Psychological Stress, and Allostatic Load.

Allostatic load (AL), the cumulative biological burden of persistently high stress exposure, influences adult health and well-being across the lifespan, and can be measured with clinical indicators...
Inpatient discharge planning under uncertainty

Delay in inpatient discharge processes reduces patient satisfaction and increases hospital congestion and length of stay. Further, flow congestion manifests as patient boarding, where new patients ...
Algorithmic criminology

Abstract Computational criminology has been seen primarily as computer-intensive simulations of criminal wrongdoing. But there is a growing menu of computer-intensive applications in criminology that one might call “computational,” which employ different methods and have different goals. This paper provides an introduction to computer-intensive, tree-based, machine learning as the method of choice, with the goal of forecasting criminal behavior. The approach is “black box,” for which no apologies are made. There are now in the criminology literature several such applications that have been favorably evaluated with proper hold-out samples. Peeks into the black box indicate that conventional, causal modeling in criminology is missing significant features of crime etiology.
Current Indications for Photodynamic Therapy in Retina and Ocular Oncology

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current indications for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of retinal diseases and intraocular tumors. The recent introduction of new imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography angiography and swept-source optical coherence tomography has enabled the quick and non-invasive identification of certain retinal conditions that benefit from PDT. Furthermore, recent reports in the literature have confirmed the role of PDT as an effective treatment modality for selected intraocular tumors. While the use of PDT has decreased since its introduction due to the advent of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, there is still a role for this modality in several retinal conditions and intraocular tumors including central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus, choroidal hemangioma, choroidal metastasis, and retinal hemangioblastoma. PDT should be employed in the appropriate settings.
Implementing Effective Education in Specific Contexts

This chapter of Building on Best Practices: Transforming Legal Education in a Changing World includes contributions from many authors:Section A, The Socratic Method, is by Elizabeth G. PorterSection B, Analysis, Research, and Communication in Skills-Focused Courses, is by Ruth Anne Robbins, Amy Sloan & Kristen K. TiscioneSection C, Use of Technology in Teaching, is by Michele Pistone and Warren BinfordSection D, Law Libraries and Legal Education, is by Jonathan FranklinSection E, Cross-Border Teaching and Collaboration, is by Kimberly D. Ambrose, William H. D. Fernholz, Catherine F. Klein, Dana Raigrodski, Stephen A. Rosenbaum & Leah WorthamSection F, Experiential Education, includes:Incorporating Experiential Education Throughout the Curriculum, by Deborah Maranville with Cynthia Batt, Lisa Radtke Bliss & Corolyn Wilkes KaasDelivering Effective Education in In-House Clinics, by Lisa Radtke Bliss & Donald C. PetersDelivering Effective Education in Externship Programs, by Carolyn Wilkes Kaas with Cynthia Batt, Dena Bauman & Daniel Schaffzin, andEnsuring Effective Education in Alternative Clinical Models, by Deborah MaranvilleChapter 1 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637100 Chapter 2 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637068 Chapter 3 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637102 Chapter 4 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637490 Chapter 6 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637499 Chapter 7 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637541 Chapter 8 is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2637544
Sample dilation and fracture in response to high pore fluid pressure and strain rate in quartz-rich sandstone and siltstone

[1] Natural hydraulic fractures (NHFs) are inferred to form where pore pressure exceeds the least compressive stress by an amount equal to the tensile strength of the rock. We improved upon an experimental protocol that meets the NHF criterion within cylindrical samples with the most tensile effective stress parallel to the sample axis. The effective tensile stresses achieved during these experiments ranged from 17–47 MPa. The pore fluids used had higher viscosities than water and the axial strain rate was rapid (∼10−3s−1) to delay dissipation of fluid pressure by flow. Four experiments on St. Peter Sandstone samples and two on an Abo Formation siltstone sample were performed under these conditions and under drained conditions. None of the drained experiments resulted in failure, but all of the sandstone and one of the siltstone samples fractured in response to elevated pore pressures. Consistent with field and theoretical studies, mechanical heterogeneity was a first order control on fracture location. In the absence of mesoscopic heterogeneity, fracture location coincided with the maximum pore pressure. Samples responded to elevated pore pressures and differential stresses by dilating, the magnitude of which was sufficient to achieve atmospheric pore pressure. Samples failed 2 to 250 s after experiencing the greatest pore pressures, when the effective stresses were no longer tensile. Thus, the high pore pressures and effective tensile stresses experienced early in the experiments were sufficient to fracture the rocks, even though they were not sustained until failure. These results provide insight into processes of fluid-driven fracture formation.
Sediment and Structure in the Deep Basin of the Gulf of Mexico: ABSTRACT

Underway seismic reflection measurements have been made almost continuously since January, 1961, on expeditions of Columbia University's Research Vessel VEMA. Reflection profiles reveal the sedimentary layers down to a strong, rough-surfaced reflector which is assumed to be basement. These profiles display, in the deep basin of the Gulf of Mexico, buried structures which are believed to be salt domes. The sedimentary layers revealed in the Gulf of Mexico are discussed and hypotheses are offered about the geological history of the region and the possible means by which salt domes could emerge in deep oceanic basins. End_of_Article - Last_Page 356------------
Solution structure of the sixth transmembrane helix of the G-protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin

Abstract Low resolution electron density maps have revealed the general orientation of the transmembrane helices of rhodopsin. However, high resolution structural information for the transmembrane domain of the G-protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin, is as yet unavailable. In this study, a high resolution solution structure is reported for a 15 residue portion of the sixth transmembrane helix of rhodopsin (rhovih) as a free peptide. Helix 6 is one of the transmembrane helices of rhodopsin that contains a proline (amino acid residue 267) and the influence of this proline on the structure of this transmembrane domain was unknown. The structure obtained shows an α-helix through most of the sequence. The proline apparently induces only a modest distortion in the helix. Previously, the structure of the intradiskal loop connected to helix 6 was solved. The sequence of this loop contained five residues in common (residues 268–272) with the peptide reported here from the rhovih. The five residues in common between these two structures were superimposed to connect these two structures. The superposition showed a root mean square deviation of 0.2 A. Thus, this five residue sequence formed the same structure in both peptides, indicating that the structure of this region is governed primarily by short range interactions.
Current Status of PHOBOS@RHIC

Four experiments are currently approved for the first measurements with colliding heavy ion beams from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) which is scheduled to come into operation in Spring 1999. These experiments are named STAR, Phoenix, PHOBOS and Brahms. It is expected that central collisions of 100 GeV/u Au+Au at RHIC will lead to energy densities far above any so far attained in the laboratory and it is suspected and hoped that this situation will lead to qualitatively new physics perhaps associated with the creation of a large volume containing a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons.
Digging a Little Deeper: Coverage of Archaeology from the U.S. from 1950 to 2000+ in Discipline-Specific and Subject-Oriented Online Indexes

Abstract Librarians, faculty and professional researchers, and students often encounter difficulties in locating pertinent journal articles for the field of archaeology. This article examines the coverage given to ninety-three archaeology journals originating in the United States over a fifty-year interval by twelve discipline-specific and subject-oriented indexes available online. The coverage provided by the individual indexes and some of the larger issues surrounding the coverage of the field itself are discussed, and several recommendations are offered.
Residential development choices and consequences: Urban land cover change, perceptions and value of alternative subdivision designs, and the benefits of protected ecosystem services

v CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 Study Objectives 5 Dissertation Organization 6 Literature Cited 6 CHAPTER 2: LAND COVER ANALYSIS FOR URBAN FORESTERS AND MUNICIPAL PLANNERS: EXAMPLES FROM IOWA Introduction 11 Study Questions 13 Methods 14 Results 16 Discussion 17 Conclusion 20 Literature Cited 21 Tables 26 Figures 32 CHAPTER 3: MULTIPLE APPROACHES TO VALUATION OF CONSERVATION SUBDIVISION AND LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT FEATURES IN RESIDENTAL SUBDIVISIONS Introduction 35 Methods 41 Results and Discussion 47 Conclusions and Implications 54 Literature Cited 55 Tables 64 Figures 71
A lower jaw from a Cretaceous parrot

All known Cretaceous bird fossils representing modern higher taxa are from the aquatic groups Anseriformes1,3, Gaviiformes4,5, Procellariiformes1 and Charadriiformes1,6. Here I describe a toothless avian dentary symphysis (fused jawbone) from the latest Cretaceous of Wyoming, United States. This symphysis appears to represent the oldest known parrot and is, to my knowledge, the first known fossil of a ‘terrestrial’ modern bird group from the Cretaceous. The existence of this fossil supports the hypothesis, based on molecular divergence data7,8, that most or all of the major modern bird groups were present in the Cretaceous.
Feeding Ammonium Acetate in Molasses Liquid Supplement to Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Ad libitum feeding of a molasses base, liquid supplement containing 20% ammonium acetate did not depress consumption of other feeds by lactating Holstein cows. Average daily liquid supplement consumption was 2.69kg per cow. In a second trial Holstein cows fed liquid supplement produced more 4% fat corrected milk and gained more body weight than cows fed no liquid supplement. No difference in milk composition was detected. Daily liquid supplement consumption ranged from 1.26 to 6.26kg and averaged 3.72kg per cow. Liquid supplement consumption varied among cows.
The Peter–Weyl Theorem

In this chapter, we assume that G is a compact group. Let C(G) be the convolution ring of continuous functions on G. It is a ring (without unit unless G is finite) under the multiplication of convolution:
Geo‐archaeology in practice

Richard L. Hay. Geology of the Olduvai Gorge: A Study of Sedimentation in a Semiarid Basin. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976. 300 pp. Illustrations, figures, and index. $22.50 cloth. Charles B. Hunt. Death Valley: Geology, Ecology and Archaeology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975. 246 pp. Illustrations, figures, and index. $14.95 cloth, $6.95 paper.
Long-term wheel running compromises diaphragm function but improves cardiac and plantarflexor function in the mdx mouse.

Dystrophin-deficient muscles suffer from free radical injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation, among other pathologies that contribute to muscle fiber injury and loss, leadin...
Matching by adjustment: if X matches Y, does Y match X?

When dealing with pairwise comparisons of stimuli in two fixed observation areas (e.g., one stimulus on the left, one on the right), we say that the stimulus space is regular well-matched if (1) every stimulus is matched by some stimulus in another observation area, and this matching stimulus is determined uniquely up to matching equivalence (two stimuli being equivalent if they always match or do not match any stimulus together); and (2) if a stimulus is matched by another stimulus then it matches it. The regular well-matchedness property has non-trivial consequences for several issues, ranging from the ancient “sorites” paradox to “probabilitydistance hypothesis” to modeling of discrimination probabilities by means of Thurstoniantype models. We have tested the regular well-matchedness hypothesis for locations of two dots within two side-by-side circles, and for two side-by-side “flower-like” shapes obtained by superposition of two cosine waves with fixed frequencies in polar coordinates. In the location experiment the two coordinates of the dot in one circle were adjusted to match the location of the dot in another circle. In the shape experiment the two cosine amplitudes of one shape were adjusted to match the other shape. The adjustments on the left and on the right alternated in long series according to the “ping-pong” matching scheme developed in Dzhafarov (2006). The results have been found to be in a good agreement with the regular well-matchedness hypothesis.
Nanoscale magnetic-domain structure in colossal magnetoresistance islands.

Magnetic force microscopy reveals the nature of local magnetic structure in submicron islands of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) thin films. The evolution of domains in a magnetic field reveals the importance of shape anisotropy as well as magnetostriction in determining the micromagnetics in such small CMR structures. At room temperature, a characteristic multidomain structure with perpendicular orientation, predicted by theory, is observed. The magnetization reversal of the islands in magnetic fields perpendicular and parallel to the substrate is dominated by strong domain wall pinning. Strong domain wall pinning in conjunction with geometrical confinement in these submicron CMR structures gives rise to reproducible multidomain structure.
Error‐checking compilers and portability

One of the major purposes of a high-level language is to provide a large measure of machine-Independence in the specification of algorithms. Definitions of languages such as FORTRAN IV and ALGOL 60 encourage compatibility between various implementations. Language specifications are inadequate in that they normally underdefine a language. In particular, the specifications do not normally demand a response to a language violation. The freedom normally given to an implementor to decide the degree and nature of error detection and response hinders portability and may lead to-unexpected results when moving code from one machine to another or even when changing implementations on the same machine. To support the contention that languages should specify a response to violations, an analysis of four FORTRAN IV implementations and a FORTRAN IV verifier was conducted. The study showed that different implementations often lead to different results for the same illegal program. A study of programmers also revealed that they cannot be relied upon to avoid language violations without compiler aids.
A method for mapping crustal deformation and anisotropy with receiver functions and first results from USArray

Abstract Lithosphere that has undergone deformation may record this process in the form of fabric such as foliation and lineation from ductile deformation, as well as non-horizontal interfaces between materials with different properties within the crust or at the bottom of the crust (Moho). The receiver function analysis technique isolates teleseismic mode conversions originating at velocity contrasts beneath a seismic station. We show that dipping isotropic contrasts as well as small (
Microencapsulating properties of whey proteins. 1. Microencapsulation of anhydrous milk fat.

Abstract Anhydrous milk fat was microencapsulated in whey protein concentrates and a whey protein isolate by spray drying. The effects of microencapsulating agent type and concentration (10 to 30% wt/wt) and of fat load (25 to 75% wt/wt) on the microencapsulation yield and efficiency were determined. Encapsulation yields of more than 90% were obtained for all evaluated systems. Microencapsulation efficiency was enhanced by increased solids concentration of wall solutions only in systems with low fat load. Microencapsulation efficiency was adversely affected by anhydrous milk fat load. Protein to lactose ratio affected the microencapsulation efficiency. Partial (50%) replacement of whey proteins by lactose resulted in the highest (95%) microencapsulation efficiency even at 75% fat load. Spherical microcapsules in which the milk fat was well isolated from the environment were obtained in all cases. The results indicate that microencapsulation of anhydrous milk fat by whey proteins is feasible and may have new applications for milk fat in food and dairy products.
Activation of air near a target bombarded by 3 GeV protons

Abstract Measurements of 14 O, 15 O, 13 N, 11 C created in air around internal and external accelerator targets are reported for an incident proton energy of 3 GeV and Fe, Pt and Pb targets. For incident proton currents of 10 11 p/sec, average radionuclide concentrations of 5.4 × 10 −9 μCi/cm 3 of 13 N and 8.0×10 −9 μCi/cm 3 are found in a typical experimental cave. Also,a precision measurement of the 11 C-half life is reported as T 1 2 ( 11 C =20.40±0.0 min .
Evaluation of the atypical Pap smear

Two hundred thirty-six consecutively referred patients with "atypical" but not dysplastic Pap smears were evaluated by colposcopy and directed biopsies to assess the significance of this ambiguous result. Additionally the histologic diagnosis was compared with the results obtained by repetition of the Pap smear, interpretation of cervigrams, and the visual impression of the colposcopist to evaluate the accuracy of these three modalities as intermediate screening procedures. Fifty-eight patients (25%) had biopsy-proved cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Repeat Pap smears identified only 17% of these patients. Colposcopists noted atypical transformation zones in 97% of the patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cervigrams identified 81% of the cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions but had a 15% method failure (uninterpretable). The time-honored tradition of repeating atypical smears before definitive diagnostic procedures are performed is to be condemned. Neither colposcopy nor cervicography was judged to be an ideal intermediate screening procedure, but both were superior to Pap smear repetition.