cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Indicial Response and Stability Derivatives of a Rotor Annulus

On developpe une theorie pour trouver les reponses indicielles pour un rotor annulaire se deplacant dans son propre plan
Reconstructed tupelo-honey yield in northwest Florida inferred from Nyssa Ogeche tree-ring data: 1850–2009

Abstract Tupelo honey is derived from the nectar of Ogeechee tupelo (Nyssa ogeche) trees growing in northwest Florida and southern Georgia. Here we use N. ogeche tree rings to reconstruct honey yield to place the current decline since the mid-1980s in a historical context and identify the climatic and hydrologic conditions conducive to optimal honey yields. We sampled two sites on the banks of the Apalachicola River using standard dendrochronological methods and developed a master chronology from 1850 to 2009. A two-staged process was used for the reconstruction of honey yield and we used Monte Carlo analysis to examine the natural range of variability. The reconstruction passed all validation tests and extended the honey record 140 years. We found that the current decline is severe, containing the two lowest-yield years (1997 and 2007) of the extended record. However, a longer duration low-yield period occurred from 1877 to 1898. The relationship between N. ogeche radial growth and July river flow has shifted suggesting that environmental changes may be responsible for the decline in tupelo honey yield. Our results demonstrate the utility of employing tree-rings to extend crop records to allow a broader understanding of yield variations inherent in agriculture.
Nona-D-arginine amide suppresses corneal cytokines in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.

Purpose Nona-D-arginine (D9R) amide suppressed interleukin 1β production during Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the cellular disposition of D9R and its effect on other inflammatory mediators induced by infection. Methods Mouse eyes received 5 μL of either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) or 100-μM D9R hourly for 5 hours (total of 6 drops per eye) immediately after corneal wounding and infection with 1 × 10 colony-forming units (CFUs) of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. At 6, 12, and 24 hours postinfection, eyes were scored on a scale of 0 (normal eye) to +4 (corneal perforation). After scoring, mice were killed and eyes enucleated. Whole eyes were used for determining viable CFUs per eye. Corneas were excised for quantitation of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin 10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The fate of D9R in cells was determined using a labeled peptide. Results Eyes treated with D9R had significantly lower disease scores (P ≤ 0.001) and fewer CFUs (P ≤ 0.01) than those in PBS-treated eyes. No corneal cytokines were detected in any D9R-treated eyes. In contrast, beginning at 12 hours postinfection, increasing amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were detectible in corneas of PBS-treated eyes. Within 60 minutes, D9R accumulated in the cell nucleus and nucleolus and remained for over 24 hours. Conclusion D9R reduces the severity of P. aeruginosa ocular infection in part by reducing bacterial burden and in part by controlling a destructive proinflammatory response. D9R might be a useful alternative to steroids in treating other inflammation-mediated pathologies of the eye.
Toward a theory of the perceived control of the attribution process

Abstract The attribution process is perhaps the most fundamental internal phenomenon with regard to producing thought and action. Given this fundamentality, a perceived control of the causal reasoning process could be a critical factor in influencing behavioral and psychological outcomes. Accordingly, a model of the perceived control of the attribution process (PCAP) is presented. PCAP consists of two subconstructs: the perceived control of attributions (PCA) which refers to an internal locus of control and perceived capability to make attributions; and the awareness of the motivational consequences of attributions (AMC) which refers to an understanding that attributions have motivational consequences. It is proposed that PCAP allows individuals to adaptively disengage from the attribution process and that this self-regulative mechanism promotes autonomy, persistence and subjective well-being. PCAP is presented in light of the inconsistencies of similar constructs that involve adaptive internal actions but do not necessarily address the perceived capability to take such actions.
Antiretroviral Drug Diversion Links Social Vulnerability to Poor Medication Adherence in Substance Abusing Populations

Antiretroviral (ARV) medication diversion to the illicit market has been documented in South Florida, and linked to sub-optimal adherence in people living with HIV. ARV diversion reflects an unmet need for care in vulnerable populations that have difficulty engaging in consistent HIV care due to competing needs and co-morbidities. This study applies the Gelberg–Andersen behavioral model of health care utilization for vulnerable populations to understand how social vulnerability is linked to ARV diversion and adherence. Cross-sectional data were collected from a targeted sample of vulnerable people living with HIV in South Florida between 2010 and 2012 (n = 503). Structured interviews collected quantitative data on ARV diversion, access and utilization of care, and ARV adherence. Logistic regression was used to estimate the goodness-of-fit of additive models that test domain fit. Linear regression was used to estimate the effects of social vulnerability and ARV diversion on ARV adherence. The best fitting model to predict ARV diversion identifies having a low monthly income and unstable HIV care as salient enabling factors that promote ARV diversion. Importantly, health care need factors did not protect against ARV diversion, evidence that immediate competing needs are prioritized even in the face of poor health for this sample. We also find that ARV diversion provides a link between social vulnerability and sub-optimal ARV adherence, with ARV diversion and domains from the Behavioral Model explaining 25 % of the variation in ARV adherence. Our analyses reveal great need to improve engagement in HIV care for vulnerable populations by strengthening enabling factors (e.g. patient–provider relationship) to improve retention in HIV care and ARV adherence for vulnerable populations.
Let's Use CQI in Our Statistics Programs

Abstract The main elements of continuous quality improvement (CQI) are considered. Suggestions are made how an individual and a department can use certain aspects of CQI for the improvement of our courses and programs. Partnerships with others are encouraged to help in these efforts. To improve the recruitment of students to the statistics profession, it is urged that a high level workshop be held to consider strengthening our undergraduate programs and beginning statistics courses.
Pregnant adolescent and adult women have similarly low intakes of selected nutrients.

Abstract Objective To examine the dietary intake of pregnant adolescents during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and to compare their nutrient intake with that of pregnant adults. Design Two 7-day food records (14 days) from subjects participating in a larger randomized clinical calcium trial: the first at 19 to 21 weeks and the second between 29 and 31 weeks gestation. Intake of energy and selected nutrients were calculated and compared with dietary standards. Subjects/setting Fifty-nine pregnant adolescents and 97 pregnant adults recruited from prenatal clinics at a metropolitan university hospital. Statistical analyses Two sample t tests, equality of variances, and repeated measures (analysis of variance). Results There was no difference in mean nutrient intakes between the second and third trimesters. Using two 7-day food records, we found mean intakes for energy, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, folate, and vitamins D and E to be below recommended standards in both groups. Other nutrients examined met or exceeded reference values. Total daily intakes for energy and 11 nutrients were significantly higher in the adolescent compared to the adult diets ( P Applications This study indicates the need for continued dietary monitoring of pregnant adolescents and pregnant adults, including nutrition guidance that stresses food sources of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, fiber, folate, and vitamins D and E, the nutrients found deficient in their diets. JAm Diet Assoc. 2000;100:1334-1340 .
Using Correlation Proximity Graphs to Study Phenotypic Integration

Characterizing and comparing the covariance or correlation structure of phenotypic traits lies at the heart of studies concerned with multivariate evolution. I describe an approach that represents the geometric structure of a correlation matrix as a type of proximity graph called a Correlation Proximity graph. Correlation Proximity graphs provide a compact representation of the geometric relationships inherent in correlation matrices, and these graphs have simple and intuitive properties. I demonstrate how this framework can be used to study patterns of phenotypic integration by employing this approach to compare phenotypic and additive genetic correlation matrices within and between species. I also outline a graph-based method for testing whether an inferred correlation proximity graph is one of a number of possible models that are consistent with a “soft” biological hypothesis.
A Methodological Note on Typological Analysis in Status Consistency Research

Status consistency research has been severely criticized for its inability to reconcile certain problems of theory and method As the validity of these criticisms has become evident, researchers have turned from classic research designs to more powerful methods. One popular approach has incorporated typological procedures based on two-factor profiles of status inconsistents. In this paper, a serious fault of the two-factor technique is delineated, and the analysis of differences between types is shown to be without substance. Researchers are provided with a simple procedure for avoiding this pitfall before research is initiated, and elementary combinatorial analysis is utilized to derive a proper procedure. Two research designs, a 2 x 4 and a 3 x 4, receive special attention because of their popularity and complexity, respectively.
Down the Rabbit-Hole: Exploring Health Messages on the World Wide Web.

Over a quarter century ago, James W. Carey and John J. Quirk questioned the prevailing belief that technology would revolutionize communication. Now that we have begun traveling on the information superhighway, we are bombarded more often than ever by what Carey and Quirk called “the rhetoric of the electronic sublime.” Yet an exploration of some fifty award-winning health messages on the World Wide Web suggests that our well-worn maps—that is, the traditional concepts of source, content, purpose, audience, and presentation—can give us a sense of direction as we begin our fall down the rabbit-hole.
P-type lectins.

The two members of the P-type lectin family, the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CD-MPR) and the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF-II/MPR), are distinguished from all other lectins by their ability to recognize phosphorylated mannose residues. The P-type lectins play an essential role in the generation of functional lysosomes within the cells of higher eukaryotes by directing newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes bearing the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) signal to lysosomes. At the cell surface, the IGF-II/MPR also binds to the nonglycosylated polypeptide hormone, IGF-II, targeting this potent mitogenic factor for degradation in lysosomes. Moreover, in recent years, the multifunctional nature of the IGF-II/MPR has become increasingly apparent, as the list of extracellular ligands recognized by this receptor has grown to include a diverse spectrum of M6P-containing proteins as well as nonglycosylated ligands, implicating a role for the IGF-II/MPR in a number of important physiological pathways. Recent investigations have provided valuable insights into the molecular basis of ligand recognition by the MPRs as well as the complex intracellular trafficking pathways traversed by these receptors. This review provides a current view on the structures, functions, and medical relevance of the P-type lectins.
Kinetic study of the lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of triolein

The kinetics of the synthesis of triolein catalyzed by immobilized Mucor miehei lipase were studied. Equilibrium constants for the synthesis of mono-, di-, and triolein were calculated from the equilibrium compositions for different initial ratios of glycerol and oleic acid by means of multiresponse regression. The 1,3-specific lipase can catalyze the synthesis of triolein because the ester enzymatically formed with the primary alcohol isomerizes, through acyl migration, to an ester on the secondary hydroxyl. The freed primary hydroxyl may then undergo further enzymatic conversion. The rates of isomerization depend on the concentration of oleic acid.
Cinoxacin in urinary tract infections theoretical and practical considerations

In dogs we found that cinoxacin concentrations in prostatic tissue, secretion, and interstitial fluid always were lower than the simultaneous serum concentrations, during constant infusion experiments. The cinoxacin concentrations in urethral and vaginal secretions were similar to those found in prostatic interstitial fluid, approximately one third to one fourth of the simultaneous serum concentrations. The concentrations of cinoxacin in human prostatic tissue after single or multiple doses of 500 mg. were found to be in the range of minimum inhibitory concentrations for most microorganisms found in urinary tract infections. Cinoxacin was found to have a half-life of 2.7 hours in patients with normal renal function, but increased to 8.5 hours in patients with impaired renal function. We found little or no drug accumulation during a seven-day treatment of patients with impaired renal function.
BMY 7378 is a selective antagonist of the D subtype of α1-adrenoceptors

BMY 7378 (8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8- azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione dihydrochloride), a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, also binds to alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Competition assays were performed using (+/-)-beta-([125I]iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-aminomethyl-tetralone ([125I]HEAT), and membranes prepared from Rat-1 fibroblasts expressing hamster alpha 1b-, bovine alpha 1c-, or rat alpha 1d-adrenoceptor, or their respective human homologues. Results indicate that BMY 7378 is selective for the alpha 1D-adrenoceptor subtype (pKi: hamster alpha 1b-adrenoceptor 6.2 +/- 0.03, human alpha 1b-adrenoceptor 7.2 +/- 0.05; bovine alpha 1c-adrenoceptor 6.1 +/- 0.02, human alpha 1c-adrenoceptor 6.6 +/- 0.20; rat alpha 1d-adrenoceptor 8.2 +/- 0.06, human alpha 1d-adrenoceptor 9.4 +/- 0.05) and has high affinity (pA2, 8.9 +/- 0.1) for rat aorta alpha 1-adrenoceptor.
An approach for extending dynamic models to settings with multi-product firms

Abstract We propose an approach to extend the standard framework of dynamic games to settings with multi-product firms. Our approach applies to industries with a large number of products offered by a small number of firms.
Validating and applying a model for locating emergency medical vehicles in Tuczon, AZ

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of locating emergency medical vehicles in Tuczon, AZ. The model is based on a general service time approximation model for spatially distributed queueing systems. Provisions for unequal vehicle utilizations, stochastic travel times, and multiple call classes are included. The model is tailored for emergency medical systems that experience low vehicle utilizations. Validation of the model using the Tucson system is discussed in detail. The predictive ability of the model is demonstrated by comparing model output with actual system data. The model has been used to evaluate potential changes in the paramedic services provided by the Tucson Emergency Medical System and two cases are discussed.
Task complexity effects on between-individual learning/forgetting variability

Abstract This paper examines the effects of task complexity on the distribution of individual learning and forgetting parameters. Empirical data based on a set of manual tasks is examined to obtain knowledge about the effects of task complexity on the distribution of parameters of human learning and forgetting. Results indicate that task complexity significantly affects the variance of individual learning rates, forgetting rates, and steady-state productivity rates, where the variability of these parameters among individuals increase as task complexity increases. Knowledge about the effects of task complexity on individual learning and forgetting parameters will aid in simulation studies and in assigning workers to tasks of varying complexity as a part of productivity improvement efforts. Relevance to industry Understanding individual responses to production systems change provides managers and planners with better information for decision-making processes. Results of the current study have several potential benefits including: (1) aiding in the design of production simulations with heterogeneous workforces. (2) production estimation for new products where the new tasks are of different complexity than past tasks. (3) individual worker characterizations for worker-task assignment systems.
New considerations on causes for combustion instability in liquid propellant rockets

Abstract The droplet vaporization, wake burning, and chemical kinetics processes are investigated theoretically with a view toward explanation of a mechanism which can cause combustion instability in liquid propellant rockets. Past research efforts and a new treatment of the unsteady vaporization process are drawn together lo provide a reasonably unified picture of unsteady mechanisms. It is shown that while vaporization can be an important contributor to chamber stability criteria, it cannot be the major supporting mechanism. Other processes are indicated which hold more promise for future research.
A profile of violence toward children: A national study

This paper presents a profile of violence toward children in the United States, based on the results from the Second National Family Violence Survey. A national probability sample of 6,002 households was surveyed by telephone in 1985, of which 3,232 households had at least one child under 18 years old living at home. Minor violence, or physical punishment, was most common among mothers, caretakers 18 to 37 years old, fathers who were unemployed, caretakers with blue-collar occupations, households with two to four children at home, and among caretakers who used alcohol and other drugs, male children, and children 3 to 6 years old. The highest rates of abusive violence occurred in families located in the East, families whose annual income was below the poverty line, families where the father was unemployed, families where the caretakers held blue-collar jobs, families with four or more children, caretakers who used drugs at least once, male children, and children 3 to 6 years old. Logistic regressions were done to examine the predictive value of these variables.
Mechanism and action

IN The Explanation of Behavior, Charles Taylor asks whether "the concepts we use in our everyday account [of human behavior] can be applied without change of meaning to beings whose behavior could be explained by nonteleological laws" (p. 40).1 Taylor's answer is no. He concludes that if there were an adequate non-teleological theory of human behavior, then this would show that such concepts as 'action,' 'intention,' and 'desire,' in their present meanings, do not apply to human beings (pp. 40, 49). The discovery of a general non-teleological theory of human behavior would show, according to Taylor, that human behavior is not action. I shall try to show that Taylor's arguments for this contention are unsound, and in doing this I shall argue that there are certain conditions under which a non-teleological theory of human behavior would be compatible with our ordinary teleological explanations of human behavior as action. Taylor provides a subtle and elaborate analysis of action which I will not attempt to set out here. The crucial part of the analysis for the purposes of this paper is the claim that it is a necessary condition for some behavior's being an action that some intention or purpose of the agent have a role in bringing about the behavior (p. 33). "Thus the laws by which we explain action must be such that the antecedent is the condition of the agent having a certain intention or purpose . . ." (p. 36). Such laws Taylor calls "laws governing action." An example of such a "law" is 'He strikes whoever contradicts him.' In this example, Taylor says, if certain intentions and purposes of the agent are changed as a result of his changing his policy or becoming more tolerant the sort of event described as the antecedent in this "law" would not result in the behavior described as the consequent (p. 35). Since laws governing action are laws which state conditions for inten-
Distortion-free Optical Fiber Amplifier for Analog Transmission Based on Hybrid Erbium-doped Fiber Configuration

In optical analog transmission systems, spectral gain tilt of a constituent erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA) is known to degrade signal distortions in combination with laser chirping[1]. It has been suggested that the gain-tilt-induced signal distortions can be suppressed by reducing the EDF length [2] or inserting a tilt compensating filter [3] at the expense of an output power.
Selecting viewpoints for visual manufacturing systems

A technique for selecting one camera viewpoint from m viewpoints containing zero mean Gaussian errors is presented. The procedure consists of a two stage analysis. First, the joint entropy of each viewpoint is found. The viewpoint with minimum entropy possesses the greatest possible lower bound reliability of meeting any quadratic specification of the pose error. Hence it is the best pose algorithm to select without further analysis. To guarantee a minimum reliability, a second stage of analysis is necessary. Methods of calculating reliability bounds for a given quadratic specification are explained. The reliability calculations require three orders of magnitude less computations than the alternative, Monte Carlo simulations. On the other hand, reliability analysis requires an order of magnitude more computations than entropy analysis. The concepts are simulated using a visual pose measurement system developed by NASA. The results indicate that entropy is very effective for selecting pose algorithms, and the reliability greatest lower bound is close to the actual reliability.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Structural uncoupling between opposing domains of oxidized calmodulin underlies the enhanced binding affinity and inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase.

Stabilization of the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA) in an inactive conformation upon oxidation of multiple methionines in the calcium regulatory protein calmodulin (CaM) is part of an adaptive cellular response to minimize ATP utilization and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under conditions of oxidative stress. To differentiate oxidant-induced structural changes that selectively modify the amino-terminal domain of CaM from those that modulate the conformational coupling between the opposing domains, we have engineered a tetracysteine binding motif within helix A in the amino-terminal domain of calmodulin (CaM) that permits the selective and rigid attachment of the conformationally sensitive fluorescent probe 4‘,5‘-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein-(1,2-ethanedithiol)2 (FlAsH-EDT2). The position of the FlAsH label in the amino-terminal domain provides a signal for monitoring its binding to the CaM-binding sequence of the PMCA. Following methionine oxidation, there is an enhanced bi...
Admission Control for Distributed Complex Responsive Systems

The software in modern systems has become too complex to make accurate predictions about their performance under different configurations. Real-time or even responsiveness requirements cannot be met because it is not possible to perform admission control for new or changing tasks if we cannot tell how their execution affects the other tasks already running. Previously, we proposed a resource-allocation middleware that manages the execution of tasks in a complex distributed system with real-time requirements. The middleware behavior can be modeled depending on the configuration of the tasks running, so that the performance of any given configuration can be calculated. This makes it possible to have admission control in such a system, but the model requires knowledge of run-time parameters. We propose the utilization of machine-learning algorithms to obtain the model parameters, and be able to predict the system performance under any configuration, so that we can provide a full admission control mechanism for complex software systems.
Constitutive equations from molecular network theories for polymer solutions

In this mainly expository paper, constitutive equations based on the network models ofYamamoto,Lodge, andKaye are re-derived in a common notation involving the use of base vectors embedded in the deforming macroscopic continuum. The derivations are thereby simplified in some respects and the differences of detail between the models are clarified. InLodges theory, the sub-network superposition assumption is replaced by alternative assumptions concerning the creation and loss of network segments, and the theory is extended to non-Gaussian networks.Kayes theory is extended to allow for the presence of entanglement junctions of different complexities.
Infra-red studies of pyridine N-oxide and its Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Cr(III), Fe(II), Fe(III) and Sn(IV) complexes in the 3–15 μ region

Abstract The infra-red spectra of various types of complexes of pyridine N-oxide with cobalt(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), aluminum(III), chromium(III), iron(II), iron(III) and tin(IV) were measured in the 3–15 μ region. All significant infra-red absorption bands of the spectra of the twenty-three investigated complexes have been assigned.
Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Rubber Mix Versus Hot-Mix Asphalt

ABSTRACT Laboratory beam fatigue tests were performed to evaluate the intermediate- and low-temperature fatigue cracking parameters of typical Asphalt Rubber Mixes (ARM) and hot-mix asphalt (HMA). A notch with known dimensions is cut in the bottom surface of the beam. The beam is subjected to loading-unloading cycles under 3-point bending action. The load applied to the specimen is controlled to obtain a constant rate of crack mouth opening displacement. Such an innovative approach allows us to estimate the rate of crack propagation at any failure level, which cannot be easily measured otherwise. Beam specimens were prepared with different binder contents and tested at two test temperatures of −7 and −1°C. Young's modulus and non-linear fracture parameters such as critical stress intensity factor, critical crack tip opening displacement and fracture toughness, were obtained at different stages of crack propagation. Statistical analysis shows that ARM has higher fracture toughness and consequently larger r...
Personality and Physical Health: An Introduction

This article provides a rationale for research on personality as a contributing factor in the development of physical disease. A brief history of major developments from the 1930s to the present is then provided. Special attention is given to shifts in conception regarding whether particular dispositions are related to specific physical disorders or whether these dispositions increase general illness susceptibility. The paper ends with a brief orientation to the other papers and commentaries in this special issue.
Regulation of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase by 6-phospho-D-gluconate.

6-phospho-D-gluconate has been found to inhibit ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase from several sources, including spinach, Hydrogenomonas eutropha, Chromatium strain D, Ectothiorhodospira halophila and Anacystis nidulans. Sensitivity to 6-phosphogluconate appears to correlate with molecular size, i. e., all sensitive enzymes have molecular weights larger than 500,000 daltons. Smaller RuDP carboxylases (from Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Thiobacillus denitrificans) are insensitive to this ligand. These and other observations suggest that 6-phosphogluconate may regulate the activity of RuDP carboxylase in the dark in green plants. Sensitivity to 6-phosphogluconate may be useful in classifying the carboxylases much as aldolases have been divided into two categories.
The efficacy of focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) as a screening tool in the assessment of injured children.

Abstract Purpose : Focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) is rapidly gaining acceptance as an effective and accurate way to determine significant abdominal injury. The authors analyzed their experience in 94 children with blunt torso trauma (BTT) to assess FAST accuracy in identifying operative lesions and utility in avoiding additional diagnostic studies. Methods : The authors' pediatric trauma registry was queried to identify all children with BTT who underwent FAST as part of their initial trauma assessment. Accuracy was determined by calculating sensitivity and specificity using as true positives those children with lesions requiring operative intervention. Utility was analyzed by reviewing the need for additional diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in those patients with negative FAST findings and negative clinical examination findings. Results : Three of these 94 children had lesions that required laparotomy. One was FAST positive (sensitivity, 33.3%). One of two FAST-negative patients was a child in extremis from a suspected thoracic aortic disruption, and the other was a child with an intestinal disruption in whom peritoneal signs developed 24 hours after injury. Of 89 FAST-negative children, 20 underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the surgeon's request. Eight of these patients were found to have minor visceral injury that required no further treatment. The remaining 69 included the child with the aortic disruption and 68 patients whose hospital course was uneventful and required no additional intervention. Conclusions : From the practical perspective of indicating need for operative intervention in BTT, FAST has a high specificity (95%); however, it is not particularly sensitive (33%). This excellent specificity in combination with clinical examination underscores FAST utility by avoiding unnecessary diagnostic intervention in 72% of the patients in this study.
Diversifying our contributions: Editors' notes 6(1)

This is the first issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership following the journal advisory group's approval of submission and review criteria for two new submission categories. Similar to its original intent, the journal continues to address many different aspects of outdoor recreation, education, and leadership. As discussed in the last issue, the formal creation of the new categories helps delineate differences and assists authors and reviewers. The three submission categories now include: 1) Regular Papers : quantitative and/or qualitative research and conceptual or theoretical discussions (generally 20-30 double-spaced pages including all references, tables, and figures) 2) Essays, Practices, and Commentaries [new] (generally 8-10 double-spaced pages including all references, tables, and figures) 3) Research Notes [new] (generally 8-10 double-spaced pages including all references, tables, and figures).
Genetic diversity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): I. A reevaluation of the U.S. germplasm collection

Genetic variation within the U.S. cucumber collection (Cucumis sativus var. sativus L. and var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef.) was assessed by examing the variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci and comparing the results of this investigation with a similar previous analysis of 14 loci. About 29% (15 of 51) of the enzyme systems examined in an initial survey were polymorphic. Seven loci (Ak-2, Ak-3, Fdp-1, Fdp-2, Mpi-1, Pep-gl and Skdh) which were not previously used to estimate genetic diversity, were assessed. On average, 1.4 loci were polymorphic per enzyme system and 2.2 alleles were present per polymorphic locus. The frequency of polymorphisms was relatively low for Fdp-1(2) (0.01), Mpi-1(1) (0.03), and Skdh(1) (0.02). Principal component and cluster analyses of allelic variation at polymorphic loci separated a diverse array of 757 cucumber accessions from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm Systesm's (NPGS) collection into distinct groups by country (45 nations examined). All accessions of C. s. var. sativus were isozymically distinct from C. s. var. hardwickii, which were themselves dissimilar from each other. Data suggest that C. s. var. hardwickii is not a feral derivative of extant C. s. var. sativus populations. The allelic profile of C. s. var. sativus accessions originating from Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia were distinct from the other accessions examined. Allelic fixation has occurred at Pgd-2 in accessions from Burma, and at Ak-2 in accessions from Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Some of the countries examined that were in close geographic proximity (e.g., Thailand, Indonesia and Hong Kong) contained accessions with similar isozyme profiles. Accessions are fixed for certain alleles [e.g., Gr(1) (100%), Fdp-1(1) (100%) and Mpi-2(2) (50%) for accessions from Thailand, Indonesia and Hong Kong]. Grouping countries by continent or sub-continent (i.e., North and South American, China, Eastern Europe, Western Europe) and by numbers of accessions examined (i.e., India/Burma, Iran, Japan, Turkey, and remaining accessions) was used to identify accessions with unique allozymic profiles [PIs 209064 (USA), 257486 (China), 188749 (Egypt), 285607 (Poland), 369717 (Yugoslavia), 357844 (Poland), 255936 (Netherlands), 183127 (India), 200818 (Burma), 200815 (Burma), 137836 (Iran), 227013 (Iran), 227235 (Iran), 451976 (Japan), 181752 (Syria), 181874 (Syria), 169383 (Turkey), 171613 (Turkey)].
“We’re Not in Oz Anymore”: Shifting Generational Perspectives and Tensions of Gay Community, Identity, and Future

This essay analyzes the writings from a gay male intergenerational project, wherein the process of generating creative prose, poetry, and fiction are used to explore differing understandings of age, aging, and future across gay male cohorts in Chicago. The project suggests one's age strongly informs one's perception of power dynamics and one's perceived access to power. Specifically, youthist logics and lingering cultural myths surrounding the aging gay male shape and constrain intergenerational relations. Furthermore, the study marks and theorizes an emergent generational divide in the conceptualization and articulation of "gay identity" as well as how this identity is understood in relation to "the gay community." The essay concludes by examining the implications and potential of this research to expand models and logics for meaningful gay male intergenerational exchange, or a queered form of generativity.
Comorbidity of bipolar and eating disorders: distinct or related disorders with shared dysregulations?

Abstract Background The co-occurrence of bipolar and eating disorders, though of major clinical and public health importance, remains relatively unexamined. Methods In reviewing the literature on this comorbidity, we compared bulimia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders and bipolar disorders on phenomenology, course, family history, biology, and treatment response. Results Epidemiological studies show an association between subthreshold bipolar disorder and eating disorders in adolescents, and between hypomania and eating disorders, especially binge eating behavior, in adults. Of the clinical studies, most show that patients with bipolar disorder have elevated rates of eating disorders, and vice versa. Finally, the phenomenology, course, comorbidity, family history, and pharmacologic treatment response of these disorders show considerable overlap on all of these parameters. In particular, on phenomenologic grounds – eating dysregulation, mood dysregulation, impulsivity and compulsivity, craving for activity and/or exercise – we find many parallels between bipolar and eating disorders. Overall, the similarities between these disorders were more apparent when examined in their spectrum rather than full-blown expressions. Limitations Despite an extensive literature on each of these disorders, studies examining their overlap across all these parameters are relatively sparse and insufficiently systematic. Conclusions Nonetheless, the reviewed literature leaves little doubt that bipolar and eating disorders – particularly bulimia nervosa and bipolar II disorder – are related. Although several antidepressants and mood stabilizers have shown promise for eating disorders, their clinical use when these disorders co-exist with bipolarity is still very much of an art. We trust that this review will stimulate more rigorous research in their shared putative underlying psychobiologic mechanisms which, in turn, could lead to more rational targeted treatments.
Direct coupling of glucose oxidase to platinum and possible use for in vivo glucose determination

Glucose oxidase was attached to platinum-platinum oxide screens via alkylamine silaneglutaraldehyde coupling. The amount of immobilized enzyme was equivalent to 0.0031 µg of soluble glucose oxidase per cm2 of screen surface. The platinum-silane-glutaraldehydeenzyme screens were tested potentiometrically in buffered glucose solutions, with respect to a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The results were expressed as the difference in potential for the enzyme screens placed in buffer containing glucose and placed in plain buffer. This difference in potential was related linearily to the logarithm of the glucose concentration over the range 5–150 mg glucose/100 ml. The source of the potential may be due to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide produced by the glucose oxidase catalyzed oxidation of glucose. The approach is being studied for possible development of an implantable sensor for continuousin vivo monitoring of glucose levels.
Guided-Mode-Resonance Enabled Absorption in Amorphous Silicon for Thin-Film Solar Cell Applications

Nanoscale patterns with 300-nm periods fabricated on thin films of amorphous silicon on glass substrates. Around 50% integrated absorption enhancement compared to unpatterned silicon reference samples is observed for the 400-950-nm wavelength range.
Electrogram morphology recurrence patterns during atrial fibrillation.

Background Traditional mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited by changing electrogram morphologies and variable cycle lengths. Objective We tested the hypothesis that morphology recurrence plot analysis would identify sites of stable and repeatable electrogram morphology patterns. Methods AF electrograms recorded from left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) sites in 19 patients (10 men; mean age 59 ± 10 years) before AF ablation were analyzed. Morphology recurrence plots for each electrogram recording were created by cross-correlation of each automatically detected activation with every other activation in the recording. A recurrence percentage, the percentage of the most common morphology, and the mean cycle length of activations with the most recurrent morphology were computed. Results The morphology recurrence plots commonly showed checkerboard patterns of alternating high and low cross-correlation values, indicating periodic recurrences in morphologies. The mean recurrence percentage for all sites and all patients was 38 ± 25%. The highest recurrence percentage per patient averaged 83 ± 17%. The highest recurrence percentage was located in the RA in 5 patients and in the LA in 14 patients. Patients with sites of shortest mean cycle length of activations with the most recurrent morphology in the LA and RA had ablation failure rates of 25% and 100%, respectively (hazard ratio 4.95; P = .05). Conclusion A new technique to characterize electrogram morphology recurrence demonstrated that there is a distribution of sites with high and low repeatability of electrogram morphologies. Sites with rapid activation of highly repetitive morphology patterns may be critical to sustaining AF. Further testing of this approach to map and ablate AF sources is warranted.
Surface structure dependence of selective oxidation of ethanol on faceted CeO2 nanocrystals

Abstract Shaped CeO2 nanoparticles have been used to explore the effect of surface structure upon the surface chemistry and catalytic selectivity for the ethanol selective oxidation reaction. CeO2 octahedra, cubes, and rods were synthesized using previously published methods. Adsorption and desorption behavior on these nanoshapes was determined by a combination of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and in situ DRIFTS. Activity and selectivity were measured in steady-state reaction and in temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR). Shape-dependent differences are observed in surface adsorbates, their transformation temperatures, and the selectivity for dehydration, dehydrogenation, and decomposition. Ethoxide and acetate are the primary surface species present under both TPD and TPSR conditions for all shapes. Different rates of α- and β-CH bond scission on the different shapes are responsible for different product selectivity. Structure-dependent, reductive vacancy formation and availability of reactant O2 combine to control surface H which in turn plays a role in controlling product selectivity.
Thermal-oxidative aging effects on the properties of a carbon fiber-reinforced phenylethynyl-terminated poly(etherimide)

Abstract This paper reports the results of an investigation of thermal-oxidative aging effects on the properties of a carbon fiber-reinforced high-performance phenylethynyl-terminated poly(etherimide). Composite panels and neat resin samples were aged at 204 °C in environments of four different oxygen partial pressures: 0, 2.84, 20.2, and 40.4 kPa. Aging times were 1750, 3500, and 5000 h. Despite the lack of visual evidence of degradation and minimal mass loss from both composite and neat-resin specimens following thermal-oxidative aging, transverse flexural strength decreased with increasing oxygen partial pressure and aging time. The retention of transverse flexural strength was described as a function of oxygen partial pressure and aging time; retention was proportional to (aging time)0.29. Profiles of Vickers Hardness across the cross sections of aged neat resin samples demonstrated deeper and more severe degradation with increased oxygen partial pressure. In addition to mechanical properties, the effects of thermal oxidative aging on static and dynamic thermomechanical properties were measured; 5000 h of aging resulted in a glass transition temperature increase. The size of this increase decreased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. These results, along with additional mechanical and thermomechanical property measurements are reported and discussed.
Electrolytes and water in muscles of rat forelimb after intense local x irradiation.

SummaryIntense radiation up to 73 kr was applied locally to the forelimb muscles in a rat with its body otherwise shielded. Observations were confined to limbs not subjected to active fatigue following X-ray exposure. For up to 22 hr after exposure the muscles remain functional. However, the radiation produces marked extracellular edema as measured by inulin space and Na24 space determinations. The muscle fibers lose no K per unit dry weight but may possibly gain minimal Na as Na24.
Potential-energy surfaces in singlet and triplet silylene

Abstract MC SCF calculations with the 6-31G ** basis set, augmented by second-order configuration interaction, are used to analyze the potential-energy curves in the lowest singlet and triplet states of SiH 2 . The adiabatic singlet-triplet splitting is predicted to be 17.7 kcal/mol, and the curves are predicted to cross at ≈ 129°. Thus, bulky substituents may open the angle in the singlet sufficiently to invert the ordering of the two states.
Detection of human viruses in periodontal pockets using polymerase chain reaction

Even though viruses have been implicated in the etiology of several medical and dental disorders, little or no data are available on the possible involvement of human viruses in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease. This study investigated the presence of human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in crevicular fluid samples from 30 patients with advanced periodontitis and 26 subjects with gingivitis. Viral identification was performed on direct subgingival samples from 3 diseased sites in each patient using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Seventy-eight percent of advanced periodontitis patients were positive for at least one of the five test viruses. Cytomegalovirus was detected in 60% of the periodontitis patients, Epstein-Barr virus in 30%, herpes simplex virus in 20%, human papillomavirus in 17% and HIV in 7%. Forty percent of the periodontitis patients revealed coinfection by 2 to 5 viruses. Only 31% of the gingivitis subjects showed a positive viral identification in crevicular fluid, and infected individuals only revealed human cytomegalovirus. This study demonstrated that human viruses may occur in periodontitis lesions with relatively high prevalence. The pathogenetic significance of human viruses in destructive periodontal disease needs to be determined.
Social utility and the gains from trade

The proposition that a country’s inhabitants will, or at least could, gain from participating in free international trade as opposed to remaining in a state of autarky, has long been believed, although only sketches of rigorous proofs have been supplied, notably those of Samuelson (1939, 1962), Kemp (1962), and Kenen (1957). 1 In this paper we shall pursue the question by developing the concept of a social utility function first formulated by Samuelson (1956). Full generality will be sacrificed in the interest of simplicity. We shall limit ourselves to the general framework of the Heckscher-OhlinSamuelson model, in which the factors of production are in fixed aggregate supply within countries, and are perfectly mobile among industries and without occupational preferences (cf. Samuelson (1953)). The production possibility set for the n final commodities which are assumed freely tradable internationally *,t zero transport costs isI assumed to be convex, and production is assumed to be carried out efficiently. Consumer demand is assumed generated by continuous, strictly monotone, and strictly convex preference orderings, which are represented by continuous concave utility functions Ui which attach zero utilities to zero bundles. We consider a class # of social welfare
The mathematical contest in modeling: success at a small regional university

ABSTRACT The Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) was started in 1985 by Ben Fusaro while at Salisbury State University, and the Consortium on Mathematics and its Applications has sponsored the MCM from the beginning. The MCM is a contest in which teams of three undergraduate students compete with other undergraduate teams from schools all over the world. A key attraction of this competition is the emphasis on practical applications of mathematics to solve real—world problems. The authors implemented a successful MCM program at Eastern Oregon University which can serve as a model from which to build or enhance your own program. We have found that the MCM program promotes teamwork, generates enthusiasm in the students, and provides a forum in which small public or private schools can advantageously compete with larger research-oriented schools.