cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cardiovascular Microenvironment

Endothelial cell response to the complex hemodynamic environment of the circulatory system is critical to the pathophysiological regulation of the cardiovascular system; however the mechanism by which this mechanical signal is transduced remains poorly understood. Recent in vivo evidence suggests that cells are capable of responding locally to shear stress, on the length scale of a single cell. Because of the complexity of the in vivo environment, we have designed and characterized an in vitro microchannel chamber with well-defined rheological conditions. This system is being used to investigate endothelial cell signaling response to shear stress, thereby bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro observations.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Forming a student information assurance club

Forming an Information Assurance club is one way of increasing student-faculty interaction and help students obtain jobs in the Information Assurance (IA) industry. The value of clubs in increasing achievement, social interaction, and community service has been proven by a variety of researchers. This is an account of forming the Information Assurance club at Henry Ford Community College (HFCC).
Principles of Operations Research---Gresham's Law

This is the eleventh in a set of articles on Principles of Operations Research. As the reader will note, these are somewhat different from similarly titled subjects in the usual textbooks.
Substance use, abuse and dependence in adolescence: prevalence, symptom profiles and correlates

We present data on the lifetime prevalence of substance use, abuse and dependence in adolescents obtained through structured psychiatric interviews and self-report questionnaires. Most notably, we evaluate symptom profiles based on DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria for tobacco, alcohol and marijuana, including a gender comparison. Participants are 3072 adolescents (12–18 years) drawn from three community-based family samples in Colorado. Age trends suggest that substance use is a developmental phenomenon, which increases almost linearly from early to late adolescence. Substance use disorders are less common than experimentation in adolescence, but approximately 1 in 4 adolescents in the oldest cohorts meets criteria for abuse for at least one substance, and 1 in 5 meets criteria for substance dependence. By age 18 nearly 1 in 3 adolescents report daily smoking and 8.6% meet criteria for tobacco dependence. Although alcohol is the most commonly abused substance (10%), a slightly larger proportion of adolescents meet criteria for dependence on marijuana (4.3%) than alcohol (3.5%). Gender differences in prevalence of use more often show greater use in males than females. Males more frequently meet criteria for dependence on alcohol and marijuana in late adolescence, while females are more often nicotine dependent. A comparison of abuse and dependence symptom profiles shows some interesting variability across substances, and suggests that manifestations of a subset of symptoms are gender specific.
The effects of taxation on partnership investment

Abstract Partnership are becoming more prevalent in the United States and may represent a significant source of investment in the future. Consequently, understanding the effects of taxation on partnership investment may become increasingly important. This paper examines how the level of taxation and the degree of progressivity of the tax system affect partnership investment. Our analysis also examines how such factors as partner outside income, partner preferences for risk-taking, and the manner in which the partnership is organized can interact with the tax code to alter partnership investment levels.
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of biogenic amines in biological materials as o-phthalaldehyde derivatives☆

Abstract A remarkably sensitive, simple and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed, allowing, for the first time, the direct measurement of histamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, normetanephrine, dopamine, serotonin and tyramine in a single sample of plasma (2 ml), tissue (0.2 g), or urine. The biogenic amines were modified by pre-column derivatization with o -phthalaldehyde which stabilizes the molecules, aids in extraction, and improves HPLC detection at the nanogram level. To minimize losses during the sampling procedure a careful collection procedure was designed.
Quality of life following component separation versus standard open ventral hernia repair for large hernias.

Introduction. Component separation (CS) has become a viable alternative to repair large ventral defects when the fascia cannot be reapproximated. However, the impact of transecting the external obl...
A conjecture about polynomial time computable lattice-lattice functions

We formulate a conjecture which describes all of the polynomial time computable (p. t. c. ) functions f with domain(f)=lattice n, range(f) ⊆ lattice m, m ≤ nc, where latticen is the set of lattices in Rn with determinant 1. A former conjecture, the 0-1-conjecture, of the author states that all 0,1-valued functions defined on latticen are constant almost everywhere. Since the n-dimensional lattices as Abelian groups are pairwise isomorphic we can say that, according to this conjecture, the value of a p. t. c. 0,1-function may depend only on the algebraic structure of the lattice and not on the metric defined on it. The new conjecture generalizes this statement for functions where the value is also a lattice. As a typical example we can think of the function f(L)=L′, where L′ is the dual of L. When both the domain and the range of the functions are n-dimensional lattices with determinants 1 then, according to the conjecture, every p. c. t. functions are either constant or identical almost everywhere to f(L)=AL, or f(L)=AL′, where A is a suitably chosen linear transformation with determinant one.There is a striking analogy between the new conjecture and theorems describing the uniquely definable functions which assign for each n-dimensional vectorspace an m-dimensional vectorspace. These theorems are closely related to questions about the Axiom of Choice. In this analogy polynomial time computation corresponds to definability (in set theory) and lattices to finite dimensional vectorspaces.
Carbon‐donated hydrogen bonding: Electrostatics, frequency shifts, directionality, and bifurcation

Structure, energies, electrostatics, and vibrational modes were calculated ab initio for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and its 1:1 hydrogen bonded complex with chloride ion at the MP2/6-311+G** level. The interaction energy is −71.476 kJ/mole. On average, the CH stretching frequencies decreased by 35 cm−1, whereas their intensities increased by a factor of 19. Methyl torsion frequencies increased by 50–80 cm−1. We review the past and present understanding of hydrogen bonding, and apply these perspectives to analyze properties of the complex. The stretching shifts conform to the established spectral criteria for hydrogen bonding. The bifurcated geometry of the complex and its electrostatic character are fully consistent with trends observed in classically defined hydrogen bonds. All of the established definitions and criteria for identifying hydrogen bonding have been challenged. By any of the most well-established criteria, the DMSO/Cl− complex is hydrogen bonded. We propose a generally applicable working definition of hydrogen bonding to clarify and unify understanding of this interaction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Cationic peptides containing tyrosine protect against radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage

Purpose: To examine the effect of the amino acid tyrosine on oxidatively or direct-type damaged DNA damage when it is present in a DNA binding ligand.Materials and methods: We made use of tetralysine ligands to ensure binding to DNA and to condense the DNA, and simulated direct-type damage by using gamma irradiation in the presence of thiocyanate ions. These ligands contained an additional C terminal amino acid. Phenylalanine was used as a control for tyrosine. These ligands were used in conjuction with a plasmid substrate to quantify strand break yields. Base damage yields were estimated by measuring the strand break yield after incubation of the plasmid with the bacterial base excision repair enzyme formamidopyrimidine-DNA N-glycosylase (FPG).Results: When the condensing ligand contains an additional tyrosine or tryptophan residue, the plasmid is protected against the effects of a single electron oxidation, as assayed by sensitivity to a base excision repair enzyme. This protection is significantly grea...
Daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio): A reservoir host for yellow-head virus (YHV).

Yellow-head virus (YHV) is a major pathogen in penaeid shrimps. We surveyed 13 crustacean species in eight families from two orders that are commonly found in the Mississippi coastal area and freshwater environments as potential reservoir or carrier hosts of YHV. Using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on relatively small sample sizes, we did not detect any natural infection. However, when the daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were exposed to YHV by injection and per os, YHV was detected in the tissue of P. pugio and in the hemolymph of C. sapidus when tested by semi-nested reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). YHV replicated in P. pugio, causing 8% mortality (9/112) after injection, with the viral titer reaching a peak at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) and remaining detectable at 36 dpi. The number of infected animals and viral load, however, were relatively low but the virus still remained infectious to penaeids when administered by feeding. When YHV was injected into P. pugio, in situ hybridization detected a positive response to it at 7 dpi in connective tissue of hepatopancreas, muscle, and midgut. Viral RNA in injected C. sapidus remained at a low level for 3 days, and it was not detected from 7 dpi onwards. In fed C. sapidus, the viral RNA reached a peak at 3 dpi and still detectable at 7 dpi, but it became undetectable at 14 and 21 dpi. These data suggest that P. pugio under some conditions could act as a reservoir host for YHV but that the blue crab could serve as a poor, short term carrier host only.
A means for predicting low-back musculo-skeletal disorders from jolting and jarring of heavy equipment operators

This article presents a step-by-step procedure for predicting the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of lumbar spinal disorders in workers subjected to long-term, whole-body vibration exposure. The procedure consists of relatively simple steps including the use of a biodynamic computer model together with an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard. The underlying analysis is based upon Kane's equations and the resulting worker model is validated with experimental data provided by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Vermont, and with published data.
Gastrointestinal Helminths of Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Southwestern Arkansas, U.S.A.

Abstract Three new host records and a new locality record are reported for helminth parasites of Rafinesque's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii, from Little River County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Nine of 10 (90%) of the bats harbored 1 or more of 3 parasites, including 1 (10%) with an immature Vampirolepis sp., 1 (10%) with a third-stage larva of Physaloptera sp., and 9 (90%) with female or ova of Capillaria palmata. All represent new host records for these helminths. Capillaria palmata is reported from Arkansas for the first time.
Family Strategy: A Dialogue

(1987). Family Strategy: A Dialogue. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 113-125.
Possible role of chronic excess salt consumption in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

Abstract There is evidence which suggests that among groups habitually eating salt in amounts well in excess of requirements, hypertension will be common. Furthermore, it seems likely that as the salt excess increases, so will the prevalence of hypertension. It is proposed that this chronic excess consumption of salt may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in man. Variations in biological responsiveness will determine which subjects in a group have the disease.
Crystal packing of TCNQ anion π-radicals governed by intermolecular covalent π–π bonding: DFT calculations and statistical analysis of crystal structures

On the basis of a thorough Cambridge Structural Database survey, we present a statistical analysis of the packing of TCNQ anion π-radicals in TCNQ charge transfer salts, which reveals three packing motifs between neighboring TCNQs: one with a zero longitudinal offset and an approximate 1 A transversal offset, another with an approximate 2 A longitudinal offset and zero transversal offset, and the third with a relatively long σ-bond in the length of r = 1.6–1.7 A connecting two TCNQ fragments. Along with the statistical analysis of the crystal structures, we also present density functional theory calculations of the total energy, covalent π–π bonding interaction energy, and Coulombic repulsion energy for the [TCNQ]22−π-dimers with various packing geometries. We find that the interactions between TCNQ anion π-radicals include contributions from intermolecular covalent π–π bonding interaction and local dipole repulsions, in addition to Coulombic repulsion, van der Waals and the attractive electrostatic forces between counter-cations and TCNQ anions pointed out recently by other groups for TCNE anion radicals. We describe an approximate formula for intermolecular interaction energy, Eint = Ecoul + Ebond + EvdW, for systems in vacuum, while in the solid state Ecoul is compensated by the attractive electrostatic forces between counter-cations and TCNQ anions. We conclude that the crystal packing of TCNQ molecules in their charge transfer salts is predominantly determined by the intermolecular covalent π–π bonding term, Ebond.
Presynaptic effect of clonidine on unmyelinated afferent fibers in the spinal cord of the cat.

Abstract The effects of clonidine (Clo) were investigated on the excitability of intraspinal primary afferent terminals of both A- and C-fibers of cutaneous origin. Primary afferent terminal excitability was tested by delivering constant current pulses to the dorsal horn of acutely spinalized cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Clo given i.v. selectively increased the excitability of the C-fiber primary afferent terminals (mean 85%). Primary afferent terminal excitability of A-fibers was not affected. This effect of Clo was reversed by yohimbine or phentolamine, thus suggesting mediation by α 2 -adrenoceptors. These findings suggest a presynaptic inhibitory effect of Clo in spinal nociceptive pathways that might explain the mechanism of action of this drug.
Rate coefficients for the OH + HC(O)C(O)H (glyoxal) reaction between 210 and 390 K.

Rate coefficients, k1(T), over the temperature range of 210−390 K are reported for the gas-phase reaction OH + HC(O)C(O)H (glyoxal) → products at pressures between 45 and 300 Torr (He, N2). Rate coefficients were determined under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis production of OH radicals coupled with OH detection by laser-induced fluorescence. The rate coefficients obtained were independent of pressure and bath gas. The room-temperature rate coefficient, k1(296 K), was determined to be (9.15 ± 0.8) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. k1(T) shows a negative temperature dependence with a slight deviation from Arrhenius behavior that is reproduced over the temperature range included in this study by k1(T) = [(6.6 ± 0.6) × 10-18]T2[exp([820 ± 30]/T)] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. For atmospheric modeling purposes, a fit to an Arrhenius expression over the temperature range included in this study that is most relevant to the atmosphere, 210−296 K, yields k1(T) = (2.8 ± 0.7) × 10-12 exp[(340 ± 50...
Astrocytes Promote Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Reactive Synaptogenesis in the Neonatal CNS

Neonatal damage to the trigeminal nerve leads to “reactive synaptogenesis” in the brain stem sensory trigeminal nuclei. In vitro models of brain injury-induced synaptogenesis have implicated an important role for astrocytes. In this study we tested the role of astrocyte function in reactive synaptogenesis in the trigeminal principal nucleus (PrV) of neonatal rats following unilateral transection of the infraorbital (IO) branch of the trigeminal nerve. We used electrophysiological multiple input index analysis (MII) to estimate the number of central trigeminal afferent fibers that converge onto single barrelette neurons. In the developing PrV, about 30% of afferent connections are eliminated within 2 postnatal weeks. After neonatal IO nerve damage, multiple trigeminal inputs (2.7 times that of the normal inputs) converge on single barrelette cells within 3–5 days; they remain stable up to the second postnatal week. Astrocyte proliferation and upregulation of astrocyte-specific proteins (GFAP and ALDH1L1) accompany reactive synaptogenesis in the IO nerve projection zone of the PrV. Pharmacological blockade of astrocyte function, purinergic receptors, and thrombospondins significantly reduced or eliminated reactive synaptogenesis without changing the MII in the intact PrV. GFAP immunohistochemistry further supported these electrophysiological results. We conclude that immature astrocytes, purinergic receptors, and thrombospondins play an important role in reactive synaptogenesis in the peripherally deafferented neonatal PrV.
The origin of telocentric chromosomes in man: a girl with tel(Xq).

A mentally retarded girl with several Turner symptoms had the chromosome constitution 46,X,tel(Xq). The abnormal X chromosome appeared to be completely telocentric and stable. It was late-replicating and formed a smaller than normal Barr body. The origin of telocentric chromosomes is discussed.
The Entry-Level Physical Therapist: A Case for COMFORT Communication Training

Entry-level physical therapists provide clinical care for patients with functional mobility limitations. Their care spans the continuum of settings, disease processes, and diagnoses. Although effective communication skills are required to conduct physical therapy work, there is limited instruction provided in physical therapy education and students receive little exposure to seriously or chronically ill patients. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of communication training for the entry-level physical therapist facing palliative and end-of-life communication with patients/families. A pre-post survey design and narrative writing were used to assess the effect of the COMFORT communication training curriculum provided to doctorally trained, graduating physical therapists. The study demonstrated decreased student apprehension about communicating with dying patients and their families, and a comparison of mean scores reflecting the students' communication knowledge, confidence, and behaviors increased in a positive direction. As students became more willing to communicate, they were also more adept at integrating task and relational messages, as well as assimilating emotional support messages for patients and families. This study shows promise for the feasibility and utilization of the COMFORT curriculum for entry-level physical therapists. Further research should address the integration of COMFORT earlier into physical therapy education, as well as assess evidence of COMFORT communication skills in the clinical context.
Right‐wing opposition to Bill Clinton and his presidency: an annotated bibliography

President Bill Clinton has had many opponents and enemies, most of whom come from the political right wing. Clinton supporters contend that these opponents, throughout the Clinton presidency, systematically have sought to undermine this president with the goal of bringing down his presidency and running him out of office; and that they have sought non‐electoral means to remove him from office, including Travelgate, the death of Deputy White House Counsel Vincent Foster, the Filegate controversy, and the Monica Lewinsky matter. This bibliography identifies these and other means by presenting citations about these individuals and organizations that have opposed Clinton. The bibliography is divided into five sections: General; “The conspiracy stream of conspiracy commerce”, a White House‐produced “report” presenting its view of a right‐wing conspiracy against the Clinton presidency; Funding; Conservative organizations; and Publishing/media. Many of the annotations note the links among these key players.
Microwave emission from an irregular snow layer

Emission from an irregular snow layer is modeled by a layer of Mie scatterers using the radiative transfer method. Comparisons are made with measurements showing snow wetness effects and rough air-snow boundary effects. For convenience of reference, theoretical model behavior is also illustrated.
Spatial and temporal pattern of eastern U.S. haziness: A summary☆

Abstract One of the key features of the optical environment over the eastern U.S. is the frequent occurrence of regional haziness, particularly during the summer season. Four historical data bases were examined for estimation of the regional trend in haziness over the past 80 years: the surface visibility observations currently operated by the National Weather Service; historical visibility at Blue Hill MA; the NOAA-WMO turbidity network measuring the extinction of solar radiation with a sun photometer since the 1960's; and a set of direct solar radiation monitoring stations operated since 1910. In the 1970's the lowest visibility occurred in the region of the Ohio River. The strongest increase of haziness was noted in the states adjacent to the Smoky Mountains: the average visibility there has decreased from 24 to 10 km since 1948. That region also exhibits the highest turbidity (vertical optical depth of the aerosol). The spatial trends of coal consumption indicate a consistency with the spatial trends in haziness.
Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillators

Most people do not survive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and those who do may have substantial long-term cognitive and motor impairment. ICDs may avert such events. This review discusses the mechanisms of ICDs, clinical studies of their effectiveness, and management issues.
Stochastic approximation procedures for engineering applications

Modifications to the Robbins-Monro and Kiefer-Wolfowitz stochastic approximation procedures are suggested for the time-varying applications frequently encountered in engineering problems. A weak form of convergence for the procedures is demonstrated.
Ameloblastoma of the anterior maxillae

Few generalizations may be made about the ameloblastoma. Its many varied characteristics may mimic those of many other lesions. The case presented, against all odds and expectations, proved to be highly infiltrative. The use of all available information for accurate diagnosis and sound treatment is stressed. Block resection was found to be the best treatment assuring no recurrence and minimal deformity.
DDX1, DDX21, and DHX36 helicases form a complex with the adaptor molecule TRIF to sense dsRNA in dendritic cells.

The innate immune system detects viral infection predominantly by sensing viral nucleic acids. We report the identification of a viral sensor, consisting of RNA helicases DDX1, DDX21, and DHX36, and the adaptor molecule TRIF, by isolation and sequencing of poly I:C-binding proteins in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). Knockdown of each helicase or TRIF by shRNA blocked the ability of mDCs to mount type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine responses to poly I:C, influenza A virus, and reovirus. Although DDX1 bound poly I:C via its Helicase A domain, DHX36 and DDX21 bound the TIR domain of TRIF via their HA2-DUF and PRK domains, respectively. This sensor was localized within the cytosol, independent of the endosomes. Thus, the DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 complex represents a dsRNA sensor that uses the TRIF pathway to activate type I IFN responses in the cytosol of mDCs.
Statistical field correlations in the image plane of a ground-based telescope

Abstract The statistical field correlations in the image plane of a large ground-based telescope are essentially quite independent of the degree or form of atmospheric turbulence, depending principally on the diameter of the entrance pupil alone. Furthermore, the image field remains correlated over long distances inside the blurred image intensity profile. The correspondingly limited phase excursions of the image field have favorable implications for the design of a fiber-based interferometric array of telescopes.
Yolk sac tumor of the ovary associated with endometrioid carcinoma with metastasis to the vagina: A case report

Abstract Background Mixed yolk sac tumors of the ovary are biologically aggressive even in early stage disease. Case A 41-year-old woman presented with a large pelvic mass and anterior vaginal wall tumor. At surgery vaginal biopsies were performed followed by an exploratory laparotomy with resection of the mass. Pathology of the ovary revealed a primary yolk sac tumor associated with poorly differentiated endometrioid and undifferentiated carcinoma with vaginal metastasis only. She was initiated on bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, with three additional cycles of etoposide and cisplatin. Initially the patient experienced a complete response, however her disease recurred and she currently is dead of her disease. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first case of a mixed ovarian germ cell tumor with vaginal metastasis.
Impact of Malolactic Fermentation on the Color and Color Stability of Pinot noir and Merlot Wine

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is an integral step in red winemaking that results in a decrease in acidity and can also influence additional wine quality parameters. This study examined the impact of MLF on red wine color and the ability of Oenococcus oeni to degrade compounds important to the development of polymeric pigments. Pinot noir and Merlot wines were produced where a portion of the wines underwent a simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentations with O. oeni strain VFO. Post-alcoholic MLFs were conducted using VFO and two additional O. oeni strains in sterile filtered wines. A control wine that did not undergo MLF was pH adjusted to the same pH as wines that had undergone MLF. Wines that underwent MLF (MLF+) contained lower concentrations of acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid than wines that did not undergo MLF (MLF-). Wines that underwent MLF with O. oeni VFO also had higher concentrations of caffeic and trans - p -coumaric acids. MLF+ wines had significantly lower color and polymeric pigment content than MLF-wines and contained significantly higher monomeric anthocyanins. Vitisin B concentrations were also significantly lower in wines that underwent MLF. These differences remained throughout nine months of storage, demonstrating that MLF can affect red wine color independent of pH change. While O. oeni influenced the concentration of phenolic and nonphenolic compounds involved in red wine color development there were no strain specific differences in color and polymeric pigment content.
Synthesis of (Dicarbonyl)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)Manganese Complex Stabilized Nucleoside Phosphite Esters

Abstract We have found that stable nucleoside derived phosphite ester manganese complexes can be generated by the reaction of Mn(CO)2(THF)(η5-C5H4R) with nucleoside phosphite esters. These complexes appear to be stable towards oxygen and reagents used for DNA synthesis and deprotection. The cyclopentadienyl ligand can be modified by a strong electron withdrawing group and still retain the photochemical and chemical properties necessary to complex readily to phosphite esters.
Extending the repetition rate of passively mode-locked quantum dot lasers

A model for passive mode-locking is presented that enables analysis of the output repetition rate stability as a function of device properties and clarifies the importance of the differential absorption, unsaturated absorption and internal loss.
Nitridation of Substrates With Hydrazine Cyanurate for The Growth of Gallium Nitride

The use of purified hydrazine cyanurate as a solid source of hydrazine in the low temperature nitridation of GaAs (100) and (111) and sapphire (0001) is demonstrated. Thenitridated surfaces were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for chemical composition and Atomic Force Microscopy for surface morphology. The GaAs surfaces were composed primarily of GaN, GaAs, and Ga2O3, and were as smooth as unprocessed standards. The nitridated sapphire surfaces were composed of A1NxO1-x and exhibited three-dimensional growth for long nitridation times.
On the impact of valley/ridge thermally induced circulations on regional pollutant transport

Abstract The impact of thermally induced valley/ridge circulations on the regional-scale transport of pollutants is examined using a modeling approach. The approach consists of applying a numerical meteorological model which provides the wind and turbulence fields used as input to a Lagrangian dispersion model. A variety of generic simulations were performed. Results indicate a significant effect of the induced local flows and the thermal stratification on the regional-scale transport. Both the time of the day in which the cross valley/ridge transport occurs and the season of the year are found to be crucial in determining the magnitude and form of the alterations. Conceptual generalizations of the model results are presented.
Measles Edmonston vaccine strain derivatives have potent oncolytic activity against osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor affecting children and young adults, and development of metastatic disease is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of virotherapy with engineered measles virus (MV) vaccine strains in the treatment of OS. Cell lines derived from pediatric patients with OS (HOS, MG63, 143B, KHOS-312H, U2-OS and SJSA1) were infected with MV expressing green fluorescent protein (MV-GFP) and MV-expressing sodium iodide symporter (MV-NIS) strains. Viral gene expression and cytotoxicity as defined by syncytial formation, cell death and eradication of cell monolayers were demonstrated. Findings were correlated with in vivo efficacy in subcutaneous, orthotopic (tibial bone) and lung metastatic OS xenografts treated with the MV derivative MV-NIS via the intratumoral or intravenous route. Following treatment, we observed decrease in tumor growth of subcutaneous xenografts (P=0.0374) and prolongation of survival in mice with orthotopic (P<0.0001) and pulmonary metastatic OS tumors (P=0.0207). Expression of the NIS transgene in MV-NIS infected tumors allowed for single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging of virus infected tumors in vivo. Our data support the translational potential of MV-based virotherapy approaches in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic OS.
Minimum fuel horizontal flight paths in the terminal area

The problem of constant altitude, minimum-fuel airplane trajectories from arbitrary initial states to a fixed final state is considered. The fuel optimality of circular and straight-line flight paths is examined. Various types of representative extremals are computed and used to evaluate trajectories generated by an on-line algorithm. Attention is paid to the existence of Darboux points beyond which an extremal ceases to be globally optimal.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing: the sequence to the event

Editing of the mRNA coding for apolipoprotein B involves a cytidine to uridine transition at nucleotide 6666 and enables translation of two protein variants. The development of in vitro editing systems has led to the identification of three sequence requirements in this process. The mechanism for C-->U editing requires specific sequences for editing site recognition, positioning of the catalytic activity and enhancement of catalytic efficiency. The dependence of in vitro editing on extract proteins has focused future research in this field on the identification of factors involved in apoB mRNA editing and the role of these factors in the assembly of ribonucleoprotein editosomes.
Simplified and improved resolution lower bounds

We give simple new lower bounds on the lengths of resolution proofs for the pigeonhole principle and for randomly generated formulas. For random formulas, our bounds significantly extend the range of formula sizes for which non-trivial lower bounds are known. For example, we show that with probability approaching 1, any resolution refutation of a randomly chosen 3-CNF formula with at most n/sup 6/5-/spl epsiv// clauses requires exponential size. Previous bounds applied only when the number of clauses was at most linear in the number of variables. For the pigeonhole principle our bound is a small improvement over previous bounds. Our proofs are more elementary than previous arguments, and establish a connection between resolution proof size and maximum clause size.
Recurrent locus-specific mutation resulting from a cryptic ectopic insertion in Neurospora.

New mutations are found among ∼20% of progeny when one or both parents carry eas allele UCLA191 (easUCLA, easily wettable, hydrophobin-deficient, linkage group II). The mutations inactivate the wild-type allele of cya-8 (cytochrome aa3 deficient, linkage group VII), resulting in thin, “transparent” mycelial growth. Other eas alleles fail to produce cya-8 mutant progeny. The recurrent cya-8 mutations are attributed to repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) resulting from a duplicated copy of cya-8+ that was inserted ectopically at eas when the UCLA191 mutation occurred. As expected for RIP, easUCLA-induced cya-8 mutations occur during nuclear proliferation prior to karyogamy. When only one parent is easUCLA, the new mutations arise exclusively in easUCLA nuclei. Mutation of cya-8 is suppressed when a long unlinked duplication is present. Stable cya-8 mutations are effectively eliminated in crosses homozygous for rid, a recessive suppressor of RIP. The easUCLA allele is associated with a long paracentric inversion. A discontinuity is present in easUCLA DNA. The eas promoter is methylated in cya-8 progeny of easUCLA, presumably by the spreading of methylation beyond the adjoining RIP-inactivated duplication. These findings support a model in which an ectopic insertion that created a mutation at the target site acts as a locus-specific mutator via RIP.
A global optimization approach for the BMI problem

The biaffine matrix inequality (BMI) is a potentially very flexible new framework for approaching complex robust control system synthesis problems with multiple plants, multiple objectives and controller order constraints. The BMI problem may be viewed as the nondifferentiable biconvex programming problem of minimizing the maximum eigenvalue of a biaffine combination of symmetric matrices. The BMI problem is non-local-global in general, i.e. there may exist local minima which are not global minima. While local optimization techniques sometimes yield good results, global optimization procedures need to be considered for the complete solution of the BMI problem. In this paper, we present a global optimization algorithm for the BMI based on the branch and bound approach. A simple numerical example is included. >
Acoustic FBAR for filters, duplexers and front end modules

Agilent first proposed using FBAR for CDMA PCS duplexers in 1999. The first commercial product was offered in 2001. Since then, Agilent's share of PCS duplexer "phone slots" has increased from thousands per month to millions per month. The number of design wins in new phones surpassed 60 by Fall of 2003 and continues to grow. The first commercialized FBAR PCS duplexer, used two FBAR die (Rx and Tx) packaged into two LCC packages and then mounted on a small, pc board. The next generation duplexer uses a wafer-scale chip package or "microcap" process. Microcap allows the ability to do direct die on board and not be concerned about hermetic or mechanical issues. This new technology then allows one to both reduce cost and size of the duplexer. It also allows for the integration of both duplexers and point filters into Front End Modules (FEM). The high-Q, excellent acoustic coupling of FBAR and the ability to microcap our die open up the possibility to enter into other duplexer markets besides PCS. Currently, we are investigating microcap'd duplexers for WCDMA, Cell band CDMA and Korean CDMA bands. When combined with Agilent's EPHEMT technology for Power Amplifiers, Front-End Modules can be designed for optimum performance and size.
The Elm1 (ZmHy2) Gene of Maize Encodes a Phytochromobilin Synthase

The light insensitive maize (Zea mays) mutant elongated mesocotyl1 (elm1) has previously been shown to be deficient in the synthesis of the phytochrome chromophore 3E-phytochromobilin (PΦB). To identify the Elm1 gene, a maize homolog of the Arabidopsis PΦB synthase gene AtHY2 was isolated and designated ZmHy2. ZmHy2 encodes a 297-amino acid protein of 34 kD that is 50% identical to AtHY2. ZmHY2 was predicted to be plastid localized and was targeted to chloroplasts following transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) leaves. Molecular mapping indicated that ZmHy2 is a single copy gene in maize that is genetically linked to the Elm1 locus. Sequence analysis revealed that the ZmHy2 gene of elm1 mutants contains a single G to A transition at the 3′ splice junction of intron III resulting in missplicing and premature translational termination. However, flexibility in the splicing machinery allowed a small pool of in-frame ZmHy2 transcripts to accumulate in elm1 plants. In addition, multiple ZmHy2 transcript forms accumulated in both wild-type and elm1 mutant plants. ZmHy2 splice variants were expressed in Escherichia coli and products examined for activity using a coupled apophytochrome assembly assay. Only full-length ZmHY2 (as defined by homology to AtHY2) was found to exhibit PΦB synthase activity. Thus, the elm1 mutant of maize is deficient in phytochrome response due to a lesion in a gene encoding phytochromobilin synthase that severely compromises the PΦB pool.
Characterization of Three New Apparently Related High Frequency Antigens

Three high frequency reactive antisera (Kir, Oca, Mil) are described which, based on serologic and genetic characteristics, identify a set of apparently related antigens. The antibodies react only by indirect antiglobulin technique against both adult and cord red blood cells, are primarily IgG, are not complement dependent nor enhanced by papain pretreatment of red blood cells, are high titered but of low avidity, and are not neutralized by serum nor absorbed by platelets. The antisera are not identical with, but may be related to, the Kna antibody. Population data show reactivity frequencies of 99.8 per cent for Kir, 98.7 per cent for Oca, and 96.4 per cent for Mil. The four phenotypes found are Kir+, Oca+, Mil+; Kir+, Oca+, Mil−; Kir+, Oca−, Mil+ and Kir−, Oca−, Mil−. The occurrence of five unrelated triple negative individuals is greater than would be expected by chance alone for three independent antigens. Family studies demonstrate that the triple negative phenotype appears to be a recessive trait not linked to the Fy or MNS loci, and the Mil-trait is not linked to ABO, Jk, or HLA. Clinical observations following infusion of incompatible blood and in vivo survival studies of 31Cr tagged red blood cells indicate that the antigens, though potent immunogens, are not clinically significant.
Marital Intimacy and the Deadly Love‐Anger Cycle

The view is advanced that the fundamental cause of marital failure in our time is the inability to resolve the anger which is inevitably generated in an intimate relationship. The nature of anger, its impact on a love relationship, and its constructive management in marriage are examined. The concept of training couples in “marital fighting” is rejected in favor of a three-step procedure which the author has tested out in his own marriage, and taught to other couples, with very satisfactory results.
On the similarity and differences for N2 and CO on Ni

The computed dipole derivatives for the N-N and C-O stretches are found to be quite similar, while the Ni-N derivative is much larger than for the corresponding Ni-C stretch; this is in agreement with experiment. A constrained space orbital variation (CSOV) analysis shows shows that the NiN2 bonding is more similar to that in NiCO than was concluded based upon the experimental dipole derivatives and binding energy shifts.
The Spatial Distribution of the λ Orionis Pre-Main-Sequence Population

The λ Ori star-forming region presents a snapshot of a moderate-mass giant molecular cloud 1–2 Myr after cloud disruption by OB stars, with the OB stars, the low-mass stellar population, remnant molecular clouds, and the dispersed gas all still present. We have used optical photometry and multiobject spectroscopy for lithium absorption to identify 266 pre–main-sequence stars in 8 deg2 of the region. We also present new Stromgren photometry for the massive stars, from which we derive a distance of 450 pc and a turnoff age of 6–7 Myr. Using these parameters and pre–main-sequence evolutionary models, we map the star formation history of the low-mass stars. We find that low-mass star formation started throughout the region at about the same time as the birth of the massive stars, and thereafter the birth rate accelerated. Within the last 1–2 Myr star formation ceased in the center of the star-forming region, near the concentration of OB stars, while it continues in dark clouds 20 pc away. We suggest that a supernova 1–2 Myr ago destroyed the molecular cloud core from which the OB stars formed, but it did not terminate star formation in more distant reaches of the giant molecular cloud. We find no secure evidence for triggered or sequential star formation in the outer molecular clouds. The global star formation of the λ Ori region has generated the field initial mass function, but local star formation in subregions shows large deviations from the expected ratio of high- to low-mass stars.
Entre el ocio y la feminización tropical: ciencia, élites y Estado-Nación en Latinoamérica, siglo XIX

Foucault's thesis that modernity is characterized by forms of discipline that normalize and control individual conducts and subject positions does not hold for nineteenth-century Latin America. Although the region witnessed a painful and gradual strengthening of the state, it also witnessed the development of weak cultural systems to create national communities out of heterogeneous populations. This cultural debility of the elites can be partially explained by the international intellectual context in which they lived. A dominant Anglo and European view of the "tropics" as places that caused emasculation and sloth contributed to the creation of discurses within the emerging Latin- American states that emphasized rather than healed class and racial divisions. In fact gendered representations of the body of subaltern populations were at times useful to justify aggressive policies of colonization and forced labor systems.
Image thresholding by indicator kriging

We consider the problem of segmenting a digitized image consisting of two univariate populations. Assume a priori knowledge allows incomplete assignment of voxels in the image, in the sense that a fraction of the voxels can be identified as belonging to population II/sub 0/, a second fraction to II/sub 1/, and the remaining fraction have no a priori identification. Based upon estimates of the short length scale spatial covariance of the image, we develop a method utilizing indicator kriging to complete the image segmentation.
Variability and stability in the rank relations of nonhuman primate females: Analysis by computer simulation.

This paper summarizes results of simulation analyses aimed at elucidating the way in which two important dimensions of female rank orders-nepotism and age-gradedness-are affected by variation in individual strategies of rank acquisition on the one hand and by variation in population-wide demographic parameters (eg, birth rate, death rate, etc) on the other. Female rank orders in simulated primate groups were characterized by substantial variability on a year-to-year basis in both nepotism and agegradedness owing to stochastic processes alone. Although, in general, groups characterized by strongly nepotistic rank orders were not also strongly agegraded, quantitative measures of these two rank-order dimensions for individual groups showed little stability over intervals of time exceeding 3 years. Surprisingly, changes in birth and death rates did not strongly affect either nepotism or age-gradedness so long as average group size remained constant. However, in populations characterized by expanding or declining group size, variation in demographic parameters did indeed exert a powerful influence on the structure of female rank orders. Both nepotism and agegradedness were also strongly affected, and in quite different ways, by changes in the rules of rank acquisition by females. In sum, the present analyses suggest that differences between species in the degree of nepotism and age-gradedness characteristic of their female rank orders does not in and of itself constitute evidence that the females of those species use markedly different strategies of rank acquisition.
Validation of HLAMatchmaker algorithm in identifying acceptable HLA mismatches for thrombocytopenic patients refractory to platelet transfusions.

BACKGROUND: HLAMatchmaker (HLAMM) is an algorithm that determines donor-recipient histocompatibility based on HLA type. This study determines the effectiveness of HLAMM in identifying suitable platelet (PLT) donors for refractory patients.
A Case Study on Human Learning of Four-Dimensional Objects in Virtual Reality: Passive Exploration and Display Techniques

A recent study has shown that computer graphic techniques may be used to extend human perceptual abilities in comprehending four-dimensional space. The current case study explored conditions such learning can occur. An experienced human observer watched computer generated graphical simulations of randomly shaped hyper-tetrahedrons and made judgments about the Euclidean distance between two of the vertices in four-dimensional space. The geometric objects were displayed using a slicing technique with the objects either translating along the w-axis or rotating along the wx-plane, or using a projection technique. The results showed that learning four-dimensional objects for distance judgment does not require active manipulation of the objects and can be achieved through various display techniques.