cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune regulation in adjuvant disease and other arthritis models: relevance to pathogenesis of chronic arthritis.

Experimental models of arthritis and their human counterparts fall into three distinct classes: (a) responses of T cells to disseminated microbial antigens (Ags) as such; (b) responses of T cells to cartilage autoAgs; and (c) responses of T cells to major histocompatibility complex (HLA-B27, DRB1) or other membrane components (LFA-1) expressed on bone marrow-derived cells. The primary immune response is driven, in naturally occurring disease, by microbial infection, e.g. with streptococci, enteric gram-negative rods or spirochetes, or is experimentally induced with mycobacterial and other adjuvants. The response to cartilage components, such as collagen type-II and various proteoglycans, may be driven by cross-reactive microbial Ags, heat shock proteins (HSPs) in particular, or the adjuvant effect of intense primary joint inflammation, as in rheumatoid arthritis and the spondyloarthropathies. Adjuvant disease appears to be purely T-cell-mediated, whereas both T cells and antibody play a role in collagen and many other forms of arthritis. Experimental evidence suggests a pathogenetic role for T-cell receptor gammadelta T cells in some lesions. Arthritis may be regulated by microbial and tissue HSPs, when these are administered by a nonimmunizing route or as altered peptide ligands, by anti-idiotypic responses that block the action of effector T cells, and by competing Ags. Immune regulation involving natural killer (NK), NK T and certain subsets of gammadelta and alphabeta T cells, which may affect the occurrence, localization and character of this group of diseases, presents a challenge for further investigation.
Alcohol Consumption and Suicidal Behavior

Studies routinely link suicide with the consumption of alcohol although the relationship between these two variables has not been clearly delineated. Shneidman and Farberow (1961) indicated that 18% of their subjects had ingested some alcohol prior to their deaths. Andress (1976) in an analysis of suicides for 15 yr. found that 32.7% of the cases had consumed some measurable amount of alcohol before killing themselves. Over half of these individuals (18.4% of the total suicide population) had enough alcohol in their blood at autopsy to have been considered legally intoxicated at the time of their deaths. In a study by Perlin, Schmidt, and Stephens (1972), problems with alcohol were ranked second only to prior suicide attempts as a predictor of suicide potential. The present study investigated the annual per capita consumption of alcohol and the annual incidence of suicide in California for each year between 1961 and 1974. A significant relationship between the rate of apparent alcohol consumption (in gallons per capita) and the annual suicide rate (per 100,000) was indicated by a Pearson productmoment correlation of .G6 (t = 3.04, df = 12, p < .01). An annual increase or decrease in one rate was reflected by a concomitant variation in the same direction in the other rate. While previous liceramre has described the relationship of alcohol and suicide within suicidal populations, the present study provides a correlation between a state-wide suicidal and a general population.
Discrimination of hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages at Virginia City, Nevada, using the airborne imaging spectrometer

The purpose of this study is to use airborne imaging spectrometer data to discriminate hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages associated with silver and gold mineralization at Virginia City, NV. The data is corrected for vertical striping and sample gradients, and converted to flat-field logarithmic residuals. Log residual spectra from areas known to be altered are compared to field spectra for kaolinitic, illitic, sericitic, and propylitic alteration types. The areal distributions of these alteration types are estimated using a spectral matching technique. Both visual examination of spectra and the matching techniques are effective in distinguishing kaolinitic, illitic, and propylitic alteration types from each other. However, illitic and sericitic alteration cannot be separated using these techniques because the spectra of illite and sericite are very similar. A principal components analysis of 14 channels in the 2.14-2.38 micron wavelength region is also successful in discriminating and mapping illitic, kaolinitic, and propylitic alteration types.
Fluvial Cycles and their Interpretation, Dakota Formation (Cretaceous), Uinta Mountains, Northeast Utah: ABSTRACT

The Dakota Formation provides excellent exposures of cyclically deposited fluvial channel sandstones. Each successive channel sequence represents a cycle that commonly decreases in thickness upward. A general fining-upward sequence is typical within each cycle. Rarely, however, are cycles topped with material smaller than very fine-grained sandstone. Outcrops of the cyclic deposits range in thickness from 65 to 115 ft. The base of each cycle is the basal erosional surface of each channel. The basal sandstones contain the coarsest sediment, which ranges in size from medium grain sand to pebbles. Boulder size fragments of bank material are commonly incorporated in the basal sandstone. Sorting is very poor to moderate. Almost all basal sandstones are nonresistant to erosion and moderate to dark reddish-brown in color. Sandstones above the basal unit are well to very well sorted and range in color from light brown to white. The cementing agent of the sandstone is mainly clay, which apparently is kaolinite altered from potassium feldspar. Only minor amounts of calcite and silica cement are present. Virtually all samples contain various amounts of subangular to subrounded, frosted quartz grains. Sedimentary structures are primarily trough and planar cross-stratification and parallel stratification. Thicker cycles commonly have medium- and small-scale trough and planar cross-stratification overlain by parallel stratification. Thinner cycles may contain exclusively trough and/or planar cross-stratification. Ripple marks are uncommon, but where present are situated at or near the top of cycles. Most cycles probably were deposited in sinuous streams. Thicker sections of the Dakota apparently were deposited in streams of higher sinuosity than thinner sections. End_of_Article - Last_Page 963------------
Benign lymphoepithelial lesion: Relationship to Sjögren's syndrome and evolving malignant lymphoma

A propos d'un patient atteint d'une tumefaction de la glande parotide droite dont l'histologie revela une lesion lymphoepitheliale benigne (LEEB). Description clinico-biologique. Presence d'une gammopathie monoclonale a chaine legere kappa dans les lymphocytes suggerant l'existence d'un lymphome malin evolutif. Discussion de l'association de ces 2 pathologies. Revue de la litterature
Social correlates of individual spatial choice in foraging groups of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella

Abstract Individuals in a foraging group of wild bronwn capuchin monkeys choose different spatial positions relative to the rest of the group. Markov analysis of sequencess of individual spatial positions demonstrated significant differnces between individuals, which coul be categorized a posteriori into four homogenous subgroups. An individual's spatial position was related primarily to the amount of aggression it received from the group's dominant male, but also varied with its sex. Spatial choice varied with changes in an individual's social status, but did not vary consistently with seasonal differences in food availability. These results support the hypothesis that individuals compete for preferred spatial positions within a foraging group.
Development and performance of a 128x128 2-um camera

Recent advancements in fabrication of near-infrared focal plane arrays are beginning to revolutionize near-infrared astronomy. The University of California Lick Observatory is undertaking a program to exploit these arrays by starting with a singlefilter (K band at two microns)imaging camera to be used at the Sane 3-meter telescope. The detector is a Rockwell 128x128-pixel device, sensitive from 1 to 2.5 microns and employing the NICMOS design. Camera specifications, controlling electronics, calibrations procedures, and device performance in the lab and at the telescope will be presented. Some images of astronomical targets will also be shown.
The large extent of putative secondary nucleic acid structure in random nucleotide sequences or amino acid derived messenger-RNA

Random nucleotide sequences were examined to determine how much base pairing might be inferred using current methods of seeking potential secondary structure. A random amino sequence and the human alpha hemoglobin variant Constant Spring were also examined to discover how much additional base pairing might be allowed when some nucleotide positions were ambiguous due to the degeneracy of the genetic code. It was found that: 1. random nucleotide sequences permitted an average of 58 per cent base pairing, only 10.7 per cent of which were GU; 2. amino acid sequences permitted structures with 80 per cent base pairing; 3. use of the degeneracy to optimize base pairing created a bias in favor of configurations in which the first nucleotide position of a codon was paired with another first position nucleotide as well as some other biases; 4. contrary to a claim in the literature, the proposed secondary structure of the MS2 viral coat protein gene shows evidence of having used the degeneracy of the genetic code to optimize base pairing; and 5. again contrary to claims in the literature, one cannot predict with any confidence the secondary structure of messenger RNA from amino acid sequences, even when the presence of extensive numbers of variants are known and the amino acid sequences of other orthologous proteins are also available.
Egg cannibalism by larvae and adults of the milkweed leaf beetle (Labidomera clivicollis, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

. 1 Egg cannibalism is a form of infanticide that has been implicated in the evolution of guarding of eggs and immatures in some species of insects. The milkweed leaf beetle, Labidomera clivicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), exhibits three types of egg cannibalism in the field: siblicide, cannibalism of eggs by older larvae from earlier hatching egg clutches, and cannibalism of eggs by adult females. Unlike their close relative, L.suterella (Choe, 1989), female L.clivicollis do not guard their eggs or immatures. They move slowly about a patch of milkweeds laying multiple egg clutches. 2 First instar and older larvae cannibalized eggs in two geographically separated study populations (subspecies) in Austin, Texas, and Bridgeport, New York, U.S.A. Although adult females of both populations cannibalized eggs in the laboratory, only the Texas subspecies, L.c.rogersii, exhibited such cannibalism in the field. 3 In the field, correlates of siblicide varied both temporally (within subspecies) and spatially (between subspecies) in terms of whether they were statistically significant, but trends were all in the same direction. Group size was positively correlated with hatching success and siblicide, but negatively correlated with other types of predation. Siblicide was also positively correlated with egg density in a laboratory study of the Texas subspecies, L.c.rogersii. 4 In the laboratory, an average of 15–17% of L.c.clivicollis eggs never developed embryos. Although these were almost always cannibalized, some viable eggs were also eaten and there is no evidence that females increased the proportion of infertile eggs they laid to increase siblicide. 5 Field data and laboratory experiments showed that adult female L. c.rogersii cannibalized eggs while males rarely did. Females preferentially ate the eggs of other females over their own eggs in an experiment that removed spatial cues. 6 Although the selective context of cannibalism is not demonstrated here, I suggest that females may increase siblicide by increasing egg density and may cannibalize eggs to protect their own eggs from being eaten by second and third instar larvae produced by other females.
Social science information characteristics with particular reference to the educational resources information centers (ERIC)

This paper sets the ERIC information system in the context of the more general characteristics and problems of social science information storage and retrieval. Social science information studies and attempts at organizing social science information are surveyed. The Educational Resource Information Center system is summarized, and the criticisms of that system in terms of decentralization, information quality, and indexing vocabulary and thesaurus structure are presented. The recommendations of the Fry study are considered in the context of the whole problem of social science information handling.
Stirring the POT1: surprises in telomere protection.

The main function of mouse POT1 proteins is to regulate G-overhang length, suppress telomere recombination and prevent a telomeric DNA-damage response. They are not needed to prevent G-overhang loss and have only a minor role in preventing telomere fusions.
A Simple Equation for the Solubility of a Solid in a Supercritical Fluid Cosolvent with a Gas or Another Supercritical Fluid

A simple equation for calculating the solubilities of solid substances in gaseous mixtures of a supercritical fluid with another supercritical one or an inert gas was derived. This equation involves only the solubilities of the solid in the individual constituents of the gaseous mixture and the molar volumes of the latter. The equation was tested for the solubilities of naphthalene, benzoic acid, caffeine, cholesterol, and soybean oil in gaseous mixtures containing at least one supercritical fluid. In all cases good agreement with experimental data was found.
Adhesive qualities of soybean protein-based foamed plywood glues

The potential of soy protein-based plywood glues for foam extrusion was evaluated. Standard glue mixes containing the soy flours Honeysoy 90, ISU-CCUR, Nutrisoy 7B, and defatted Soyafluff, and the soy concentrates Arcon F and Procon 2000 showed excellent foaming and adhesive qualities but did not have the ability to refoam. To improve refoaming capability, the formulations were modified by increasing the quantities of soy flour or concentrate so that they provided 3.48 g protein/100 g of glue mix. This was the amount of protein contributed by animal blood when it was used as the extender in the standard formulation for foamed glue. All the modified glues containing soy flour or concentrate had good refoaming properties and adhesive strengths that were at least equal to that of the control glue. Simple cost analysis also indicated that when soy flour was used, the modified formulations were cheaper to produce than the current blood-based glue.
The quantitative benefit of isolated, segmental, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (ISPMT) for iliofemoral venous thrombosis

Background Early thrombus removal in patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (IFDVT) reduces postthrombotic morbidity. Preserving valve function and relieving venous obstruction prevents deterioration of quality of life and loss of economic potential. The preferred method for treating IFDVT is catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). Recently, isolated segmental pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (ISPMT) has emerged as a treatment option for patients with extensive IFDVT. The purpose of our study is to determine whether there are advantages to using ISPMT as the primary treatment for patients with iliofemoral IFDVT and, if so, to quantify those advantages relative to CDT. Methods Forty-three patients with IFDVT were treated with percutaneous CDT between May 2003 and June 2007. Twenty-one patients (27 limbs) were treated with CDT and 22 patients (25 limbs) were treated with ISPMT ± CDT. Demographics, extent of thrombus, procedural details, and thrombus resolution were recorded. Results Treatment time (55.4 vs 23.4 hours; P P = .0009) were decreased and overall lytic success (60% vs 80%; P = .0016) increased with ISPMT. Adjunctive venoplasty and stenting, complications, hospital length-of-stay (LOS), and intensive care unit LOS were similar between groups. Conclusion ISPMT offers more effective thrombus removal in less time and with a reduced dose of thrombolytic agent. However, decreased treatment time did not translate into decreased hospital or ICU stay. Longer-term follow-up is required to determine whether improved thrombus resolution translates to better functional outcome and reduced postthrombotic morbidity.
Design of a confocal fluorescence spectrometer for transdermal observation of green fluorescent protein expression in cartilage

We have developed a noninvasive confocal fluorescence spectrometer to measure in vivo fluorescence spectra in mice. Our motivation is the study of the healing process of wounded cartilage in the murine model. The spectrometer measures the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) which is linked to the promoter of type II collagen as a marker for the expression of the chondrocyte phenotype. The confocal system uses an argon ion laser (488 nm) to excite fluorescence in a confocal volume about 200 um below the skin surface in the cartilage of the xyphoid process. In vitro studies showed how the refractive mismatch at the surface boundary and the light scattering of the tissue affect the depth and size of the confocal volume. A thin fluorescent layer was detected through a 130 um tissue phantom (murine skin) by moving the confocal volume axially through the phantom. The presence of skin increased the axial full width at half maximum of the confocal response from 7 um to 72 um. In conclusion, we achieve a low-spatial-resolution confocal spectrometer, which yields a fluorescence spectrum that maximizes the GFP fluorescence of cartilage and minimizes the skin autofluorescence.
Effect of space charge on transverse instabilities in synchrotrons

The effect of space charge on transverse instabilities in synchrotrons is considered. In addition to the coherent forces produced by image currents on the vacuum chamber walls, there are direct particle-particle forces that can significantly decrease the incoherent tune. Both types of space-charge force are a function of longitudinal position within a bunch, being proportional to the instantaneous current. In the low- and very-high-intensity regimes we find that the space-charge forces tend to reduce growth rates. A technique for the intermediate-intensity range, which includes the effect of incoherent space-charge tune spread, is introduced.
A Theory of Contrast Effects in Performance Appraisal and Social Cognitive Judgments

Contrast effects in performance appraisal have been studied for almost 50 years, yet no integrative theory explaining them has been presented. We present a theory of contrast effects in performance appraisals, and in some forms of stereotyping and social comparison, based on five propositions. These propositions state that contrast effects are most likely to occur when 1) the target is average, 2) the target is unfamiliar, 3) the perceiver has enough cognitive resources, 4) the context is homogeneous, and 5) the context is negative. Methodological limitations and proposals for future research are also discussed.
GC1QR: A NOVEL BIOMARKER ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS

The gC1qR is a 33KDa protein, which interacts with components of the complement, kinin, and coagulation cascades, and select microbial pathogens. It is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and on a variety of cells, including activated platelets and endothelial cells. Circulating gC1qR has
The digital revolution

Shapiro, C., & Varian, H.R. (1999). Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School, ISBN 0-87584-863-X. Tapscott, D., Lowy, A., & Ticoll, D. (1998). Blueprint to the Digital Economy: Creating Wealth in the Era of E-Business. New York: McGraw Hill, ISBN 0-07-063349-5. Bullis, D. (1999). Preparing for Electronic Commerce in Asia. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, ISBN 1-56720-206-3.
Exposing Silence as Cultural Censorship: A Brazilian Case

In this article I assert that in focusing on salient discourses, contested cultural domains, and public forms of conflict and power, cultural and linguistic anthropologists, and other social scientists, have overlooked the significance of communal forms of silence in shaping the social and political landscape. I argue that such customary silences constitute "cultural censorship," which, unlike state-sponsored censorship, is practiced in the absence of explicit coercion or enforcement. Although practiced by different and opposed groups, cultural censorship tends to be constituted through, and circumscribed by. the political interests of dominant groups. In this article, which is based on ethnographic research in Rio de Janeiro. I analyze a case of cultural censorship by examining the customary silence surrounding the subject of racism in Brazil. By emphasizing the phenomenology of cultural censorship among poor Brazilians of African descent. 1 argue that silence must not be conflated with, and does not preclude the existence of. non-hegemonic consciousness, [silence, cultural censorship, consciousness, Brazil, racism]
EXAMINATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY BY THE USE OF TISSUE CULTURE MODEL SYSTEMS

1. The rotation-mediated three-dimensional reaggregate culture system is uniquely suited for studies on developmental neurotoxicity. In this system, it is possible to reconstruct central neuronal pathways and follow their development. 2. Exposure to drugs of abuse including methamphetamine and methylenedioxyamphetamine or the appetite suppressant, fenfluramine, reduces monoamines in the cultures in a dose-dependent manner and interrupts normal monoaminergic development. 3. While the monoaminergic neurones may attain normal rates of development following drug removal, the affected neurones are not capable of overcoming the drug-induced insults and a deficiency in monoamines persists throughout development. 4. In addition, the production of immortalized monoclonal hybrid cells obtained by fusion of fetal mesencephalic neurones with a neuroblastoma has yielded cell lines expressing a dopaminergic phenotype. 5. Such cells have been useful in establishing the relationship of neurotoxicity to cell lineage and can serve as models for the study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
Comparisons of yeast florae from natural substrates and larval guts of southwestern Drosophila

The yeast florae in the natural substrates of four desert and three non-desert Drosophila species were compared both qualitatively and quantatively to the yeast present in the guts of Drosophila larvae living in those substrates. The desert species breed in rotting cacti and the other Drosophila were found breeding in necrotic oranges. Larvae of one cactophilic species, D. mojavensis, and larvae of all of the species utilizing oranges (D. melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura, and D. arizonensis) were found to contain non-random samples of the yeasts available in their respective substrates. Larval preference behavior is most likely responsible for these differences. The other cactophilic Drosophila (D. nigrospiracula, D. mettleri, and D. pachea) did not exhibit significant differences when the yeast florae of their larvae and substrates were compared. Selective feeding by larvae appears to be related to the degree of polyphagy in that only larvae of polyphagous species are selective. Trade-off between generalism and specialism at two biological levels is discussed.
A Review of Recent Developments in Some Practical Aspects of Air-Cooled Electronic Packages

The recent emphasis on low-cost high-end servers and desktop workstations has resulted in a renewed interest in the development of high-performance air-cooled systems. A new generation of advanced heat sink designs capable of dissipating up to 10 5 W/m 2 have been proposed and developed. Better manufacturing tolerances, lower defects, and an improved understanding of card and enclosure effects have been attained and shown to be critical to achieving the desired thermal performance, Advanced internal thermal enhancements, encompassing high thermal conductivity adhesives and greases have also been implemented. This review article covers recent developments in heat sink designs and applications intended for high-end high-power dissipation systems. A review of recent studies of card effects in the thermal enhancement of electronic packages is also presented. In certain applications the card heat-sinking effect can play a major role in the thermal management of a package, accounting for more than 50 percent of the total power dissipation of the package
Prion: the chameleon protein

From Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) to variant CJD through Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, kuru and fatal familial insomnia, the journey leading to current understanding of the basic aspects of human prion diseases has been full of unexpected, but often dramatic and always fascinating twists. Recent progress in modeling prion diseases and characterization of the various prion protein forms reveal that such a wide spectrum of the diseases is associated with the chameleon-like conformational features of prions.
L-arginine and arginine analogs in progressive renal failure.

This review summarizes the envolving role of L-arginine, the metabolic precursor of nitric oxide (NO), in disease states that produce progressive loss of kidney function. Hypertension and hypertensive nephrosclerosis manifested in the Dahl/ Rapp salt-sensitive rat are exquisitely sensitive to oral L-arginine, which can completely prevent hypertension and subsequent renal damage in these rats. L-Arginine also has been shown to decrease glomerular sclerosis in the remnant kidney model and improve renal hemodynamics and function in animal models of diabetes mellitus. Finally, accumulation of inhibitors of NO production occurs in renal failure and may contribute to hypertension in these patients. Understanding the role of L-arginine and the L-arginine:NO pathway in diseases that produce progressive renal failure may provide new approaches to management.
Experimental and TD-DFT study of optical absorption of six explosive molecules: RDX, HMX, PETN, TNT, TATP, and HMTD.

Time dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) has been utilized to calculate the excitation energies and oscillator strengths of six common explosives: RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine), β-HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), TATP (triacetone triperoxide), HMTD (hexamethylene triperoxide diamine), TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), and PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate). The results were compared to experimental UV–vis absorption spectra collected in acetonitrile. Four computational methods were tested including: B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD, and PBE0. PBE0 outperforms the other methods tested. Basis set effects on the electronic energies and oscillator strengths were evaluated with 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), and 6-311+G(d,p). The minimal basis set required was 6-31+G(d); however, additional calculations were performed with 6-311+G(d,p). For each molecule studied, the natural transition orbitals (NTOs) were reported for the most prominent singlet excitations. The TD-DFT result...
Optimal catalyst activity profiles in pellets: 9. Study of ethylene epoxidation

The concept of optimal catalyst activity distribution is studied experimentally for the ethylene epoxidation reaction network on a Ag/α–Al2O3 catalyst in a single-pellet reactor. The Dirac delta-type distribution of the catalyst is approximated by a step distribution of narrow width. For a fixed amount of silver, the influence of location and width of the catalytically active layer on the conversion of ethylene and on the selectivity and yield to ethylene oxide is investigated under oxygen-rich conditions in the temperature range 210–270°C. The results clearly demonstrate that for optimum selectivity and yield to ethylene oxide, the silver catalyst should be placed in a thin layer at the external surface of the pellet.
Astigmatic Coherent Processor Analysis

Certain applications in coherent optical processing of two-dimensional signals require the operation of imaging a signal in one dimension while simultaneously Fourier transforming it in the other. Such parallel operations can be performed by a number of different system designs. This paper presents a method of analyzing such systems by treating each dimension independently and using three basic component subsystems. The method simplifies mathematical analysis of system operation and facilitates intuitive design for particular applications.
Where is the “Me” Among the “We”? Identity Work and the Search for Optimal Balance

Through two qualitative studies, we examine how members of a particularly demanding occupation conduct identity work to negotiate an optimal balance between personal and social identities. Findings...
Call Center Outsourcing Contracts Under Information Asymmetry

In this paper, we examine contracts to coordinate the capacity decision of a vendor who has been hired by a client to provide call center support. We consider a variety of contracts, all based on our observations of contracts used by one large vendor. We examine the role of different contract features such as pay-per-time, pay-per-call, service-level agreements, and constraints on service rates and abandonment. We show how different combinations of these contract features enable client firms to better manage vendors when there is information asymmetry about worker productivity. In particular, we focus on how different contracts can coordinate by yielding the system-optimal capacity decision by the vendor and consider how profits are allocated between the client and the vendor.
A Missing Data-based Feature Fusion Strategy for Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognition Using Noisy Sensors

Feature fusion is a popular approach for improving the accuracy of speech recognition systems in noisy environments. Although the feature fusion method performs well for high and moderate SNRs, its performance degrades rapidly at low SNRs. Moreover, auxiliary features that are robust to acoustic noise may sometimes be unreliable, because of sensor misplacements etc, which can further degrade the performance. Furthermore, noisy sensor signals may exist not only in the test data but also in the training data. Here, the feature fusion method is combined with a missing data technique to improve noise-robustness at low SNRs. An auxiliary feature is used both for feature fusion and for detecting the unreliable speech frames. Noisy auxiliary features are addressed using a missing data approach both in the decoding and training systems. In the experiments, substantial improvements in the feature fusion method are obtained especially at low SNRs. The proposed missing data-based training strategy is also shown to improve the accuracy significantly.
Justification of Effort by Humans and Pigeons: Cognitive Dissonance or Contrast?

Justification of effort by humans is a form of reducing cognitive dissonance by enhancing the value of rewards when they are more difficult to obtain. Presumably, assigning greater value to rewards provides justification for the greater effort needed to obtain them. We have found such effects in adult humans and children with a highly controlled laboratory task. More importantly, under various conditions we have found similar effects in pigeons, animals not typically thought to need to justify their behavior to themselves or others. To account for these results, I propose a simpler mechanism than justification of effort—a mechanism based on contrast between the end of the effort and the reinforcement (or signal for reinforcement) that follows. This model predicts that any relatively aversive event can serve to enhance the value of the reward that follows it simply through the contrast between those two events. In support of this general model, my colleagues and I have found this effect in pigeons when the...
GaN nanorods for improved light emitting diode performance

GaN nanorod arrays are grown by selective area growth. The exposed nonpolar planes of the nanostructures can be utilized as a potential solution to improve the efficiency of light emitting diodes.
A Transcription Function for the T Cell–Specific Adapter (Tsad) Protein in T Cells Critical Role of the Tsad Src Homology 2 Domain

T cell–specific adapter (TSAd) protein is an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain–containing adapter molecule implicated in T cell receptor for antigen (TCR)-mediated interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion in T cells. Here, we demonstrate that a substantial fraction of TSAd is found in the T cell nucleus. Nuclear import of TSAd is an active process that depends on TSAd SH2 domain recognition of a phosphotyrosine-containing ligand. Importantly, we show that TSAd can act as a potent transcriptional activator in T cells. Furthermore, the TSAd SH2 domain appears to be essential for this transcription-activating function independent of its role in nuclear import. Biochemical analyses suggest that a single TSAd SH2 domain ligand of 95–100 kD may be involved in these processes. Consistent with a role as a transcription activator, cotransfection of TSAd with an IL-2 promoter–reporter gene construct results in a considerable upregulation of IL-2 promoter activity. Further, we show that this augmentation requires a functional TSAd SH2 domain. However, TSAd does not appear to modulate the activity of the major recognized IL-2 gene transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), or activator protein 1 (AP-1). These findings point to the function of TSAd as a novel transcription-regulatory protein in T cells and illustrate the importance of the TSAd SH2 domain in this role.
Specific hemagglutinin and a modulator of complement in cockroach hemolymph.

Natural hemagglutinin activity against vertebrate erythrocytes is present in the hemolymph of the cockroach Blabarus craniifer. The hemagglutinin titer against rabbit erythrocytes is high, whereas sheep and horse red cells agglutinate weakly. Hemagglutinin activity was depressed by the complement inhibitor, cobra venom factor. Cockroach hemagglutinin is heat-labile; all activity is destroyed by heating at 56 C for 1 hr. A humoral factor similar to the complement component 3 proactivator is also present in cockroach hemolymph. The formation of the cobra venom factor-hemolymph “complex” is dependent on the presence of divalent cations and will not proceed at 56 C. The hemolytic intermediate formed after treatment of cockroach hemolymph with cobra venom factor was active in the presence of serum treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to inactivate the early complement components.
Fermions From Bosons in (3+1)-dimensions Through Anomalous Commutators

A derivation in the canonical formulation of the Wess-Zumino anomaly is given. This leads naturally to a construction of half-integer-spin, anticommuting operators starting from spin-zero bosonic ones. This fermionic operator creates a state that is a superposition of all half-integer spins. This is related to the effective Lagrangian for QCD.
Fasta-O-Matic: a tool to sanity check and if needed reformat FASTA files

As the shear volume of bioinformatic sequence data increases the only way to take advantage of this content is to more completely automate robust analysis workflows. Analysis bottlenecks are often mundane and overlooked processing steps. Idiosyncrasies in reading and/or writing bioinformatics file formats can halt or impair analysis workflows by interfering with the transfer of data from one informatics tools to another. Fasta-O-Matic automates handling of common but minor format issues that otherwise may halt pipelines. The need for automation must be balanced by the need for manual confirmation that any formatting error is actually minor rather than indicative of a corrupt data file. To that end Fasta-O-Matic reports any issues detected to the user with optionally color coded and quiet or verbose logs. Fasta-O-Matic can be used as a general pre-processing tool in bioinformatics workflows (e.g. to automatically wrap FASTA files so that they can be read by BioPerl). It was also developed as a sanity check for bioinformatic core facilities that tend to repeat common analysis steps on FASTA files received from disparate sources. Fasta-O-Matic can be set with format requirements specific to downstream tools as a first step in a larger analysis workflow. Fasta-O-Matic is available free of charge to academic and non-profit institutions at https://github.com/i5K-KINBRE-script-share/read-cleaning-format-conversion/tree/master/KSU_bioinfo_lab/fasta-o-matic.
Rational Choice and Organization Theory

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 19, pp. 12751–12755, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd., with an updated Bibliography section supplied by the Editors.
Parameter Selection and Optimization in Brain Wave Research

The increasingly important role of mathematical methods and computer analysis in brain wave research has created an urgent need to effectively communicate mathematical and computational concepts to neurophysiologists and other medical investigators engaged in behavioral and clinical research. I hope this paper will partly serve that need. The material presented is not intended as a mathematically rigorous treatment of parameter abstraction, but rather as a neurophysiologically motivated introduction to the mathematical notions underlying the selection and measurement of certain parameters. The ultimate objective is the correlation of these parameters with neurophysiological factors as a basis for studying the electrical activity of the brain and behavior.
PACS: implementation in the U.S. Department of Defense

The Department of Defense has been a leader in Radiology re- engineering for the past decade. Efforts have included the development of two landmark PACS specifications (MDIS and DIN- PACS), respective vendor selection and implementation programs. A Tri-Service (Army, Navy and Air Force) Radiology re-engineering program was initiated which identified transitioning to digital imaging, PACS and teleradiology as key enabling technologies in a changing business scenario. Subsequently, the systematic adjustment of procurement process for radiological imaging equipment included a focus on specifying PACS-capable-digital imaging modalities and mini- PACS as stepping stones to make the hospitals and health clinics PACS-ready. The success of the PACS and teleradiology program in the DOD is evidenced by the near filmless operation of most Army and Air Force Medical Centers, several community hospitals and several operational teleradiology constellations. Additionally, the MDIS PACSystem has become the commercial PACS product for General Electric Medical Systems. The DOD continues to forge ahead in the PACS arena by implementing advanced configurations and operational concepts such as the VRE (Virtual Radiology Environment), the negotiation of Regional Archiving and Regional PACS Maintenance Programs. Newer regulations (HIPAA, the FDA approval of digital mammography) have been promulgated impacting the culture and conduct of our business. Incorporating their requirements at the very outset will enable us to streamline the delivery of radiology. The DOD community has embraced the information age at multiple levels. The Healthcare portion of this community with these initiatives is integrating itself into DOD's future. The future holds great possibilities, promises and challenges for the DOD PACS programs.
Remarks on the diurnal variation of earthquake occurrence with reference to the Helena, Montana, swarm

Summary From the observations of the Helena, Montana, swarm earthquakes it is deduced that a maximum of earthquakes of the swarm type occurs in the early morning hours of local time and that there exists a distribution of about 42 per cent of the shocks in the daytime, and 58 per cent in the nighttime. This is confirmed by material from earthquakes from widely different seismic periods and regions.
When cancer of the endometrium is not a good cancer

Two groups of endometrial carcinomas (EC) are described: group 1 with associated adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and group 2 without. Group 1 tumors are better differentiated, less invasive and almost never metastasize. Histologically, they are mostly glandular and well differentiated. Stromal foam cells were often present supporting the association with hyperestrogenism. Progesterone receptors (PR) were present in all tested cases, and their levels were high. The patients were often obese, nulliparous and had histories of estrogen intake; group 2 are less well or poorly differentiated EC, showed papillary, clear cell and anaplastic patterns, often invaded the myometrium and metastasized. PR were present in less than half of the examined cases, at low levels. The patients in this group were rarely obese, often multiparous had no history of estrogen intake; they were older than those in group 1. None of the patients of group 1 died of the disease, while about one fourth of the patients of group 2 died of EC. It was concluded that EC with no associated AH, therefore not hormonally "dependent" are cancers of higher virulence.
Children in Poverty: Reconciling Children's Interests with Child Protective and Welfare Policies: A Response to Ward Doran and Roberts

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) is the primary assistance program for low-income families. A number of these families are also involved with the child welfare (child protective) system. For a conference on TANF this article was prepared as a response to another conference article, Ward Doran & Roberts, Welfare Reform and Families in the Child Welfare System, 61 Md. L. Rev. 386 (2002), which focuses on the impact of TANF and child welfare on mothers. This article takes a more child-centered view and elaborates on the overlapping issues of the child welfare system and TANF, identifying both positive and negative aspects of these two systems. The article concludes that parental responsibility should not be used as a justification for depriving children of basic needs and proposes that child welfare be considered more as a joint parent-community responsibility.
Periodic table for Floquet topological insulators

Periodically driven systems have recently been shown to host topological phases that are inherently dynamical in character, opening up a new arena in which to explore topological physics. One important group of such phases, known as Floquet topological insulators, arise in systems of free fermions and exhibit protected topological edge modes analogous to the edge modes of static topological insulators. In this work, the authors use methods from K theory to provide a complete topological classification of Floquet topological phases of this kind. The main result is a periodic table for Floquet topological insulators, which may be viewed as a time-dependent extension of the periodic table of topological insulators and superconductors originally introduced by Alexei Kitaev.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF SEROTONIN IN RABBIT PLATELETS.

SummaryIn rabbit platelets, serotonin has been qualitatively localized in the granule fraction in a bound form. The platelet membranes do not appear to contain bound serotonin. The existence of free (soluble) serotonin is likely, although at least part of the dissolved serotonin may have resulted from mechanical disruption of platelet granules.
Multiphoton microwave photoresistance in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas

We report on experimental and theoretical studies of microwave-induced resistance oscillations in a two-dimensional electron gas over a wide range of microwave intensities. We observe a distinct crossover from linear to sublinear power dependence of the oscillation amplitude and a concomitant narrowing of the oscillation extrema. To explain our observations we propose a theory based on the quantum kinetic equation at arbitrary microwave power. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a crucial role of multiphoton processes at elevated microwave intensities.
The Importance of System Construction in College Students Management

This paper mainly focuses on the ways to satisfy the requirements for students management in colleges and universities after carrying out social logistics.The best method is system construction in order to avoid being disorder state.The central concern of this paper is the importance of system construction in college students management,which is exemplified in three aspects respectively: emphasis and importance of system construction;the three principles to be obeyed;and three functions to be strengthened.
Pubovaginal Slings for the Management of Urinary Incontinence in Female Adolescents

A pubovaginal sling is an effective treatment for type III incontinence secondary to poor proximal urethral sphincter function. We used a pubovaginal sling to treat incontinence in 15 female adolescents. The etiology of incontinence was spinal dysraphism in 10 patients and prior trauma in 3. Simultaneous bladder augmentation was performed in the remaining 2 patients for poor bladder compliance. Three patients required additional procedures including repeat slings in 2 and repeat augmentation in 1. Of 13 patients followed for more than 6 months 11 remain dry, 1 leaks small amounts and wears 1 pad per day, and 1 did not achieve acceptable continence and was subsequently managed with bladder augmentation and a Mitrofanoff procedure. The upper urinary tracts have remained normal in all 13 patients. The pubovaginal sling has proved to be safe and successful in these children. The overall continence rate of 92% compares favorably to other available modalities.
Incorporating clinical factors in plan optimization

Numerous clinical factors which are typically ignored in plan optimization can affect the choice of treatment plans or can compromise the realization of a treatment plan over the course of a treatment. For example, plan complexity and time constraints can affect the preference in choice of plans, while factors such as setup errors and organ motion can compromise the resulting delivered dose distribution. In this work, we describe methodologies which allow the investigation of many of these factors as part of a generalized plan optimization system.
General Relativistic Theory of Gravitation

The special theory of relativity summarized in the preceding chapter was formulated by Einstein in order to resolve the difficulties in the classical theory of electromagnetism with regard to a change of inertial frame and the associated change of the speed of light. The special status of the inertial frames was not removed, however, but was transferred to the Lorentz frames. In the general theory of relativity that special status was finally removed, and a relativistic theory of gravitation was created. We shall summarize the mathematical structure of the general theory and its major results in this chapter.
PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA Y SAVONAROLA

En este articulo se aborda la relacionentre Gerolamo Savonarola y GiovanniPico de la Mirandola, partiendo de labase de la amistad que sostuvieronambos y problematizando la dificultadque se presenta ante dospersonalidades aparentementeirreductibles. En tanto que simbolosemblematicos del Renacimientoitaliano, su analisis supone un analisisde las ideas y el ethos del periodo.