cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The New Agricultural Policy of Soviet Russia

As we understand the new agricultural policy of Soviet Russia, it is the policy accepted by the communist party of Russia and put into effect after the fifteenth congress of the party in the winter 1927-28. Its purpose is to replace the small peasant farms by large-scale agricultural enterprises such as large state farms-sovkhoz-or cooperative farms, organized in a somewhat different manner, the so-called kolkhoz. During the last two years, 1929 and 1930, this policy has been put into effect with great vigor. In order to understand the reasons for this new policy, and the methods of its execution, it is necessary to give a short review of the agricultural policy of Soviet Russia beginning with 1917. To a certain degree the new agricultural policy of Soviet Russia is a return to the principles which dominated the agricultural policy of the Soviet government during the period of so-called waror militant communism, from 1919 to 1921. The Russian communist party, or the bolshevist group of the Russian social-democratic party, has always been a partisan of large-scale farming. It has always declared that in agriculture as well as in manufacturing large-scale enterprises have a competitive advantage over small ones and tend to supplant them. It does not recognize the existence of a special form of evolution in agriculture, different from that of industry. However, the communist party, being a partisan of large-scale agricultural enterprise and not admitting any advantage in small farming, was, at the same time, quite conscious of the great popularity among Russian peasants of the idea of a subdivision of large estates and of a leveling of land holdings. Accordingly, in its struggle for power during the first steps of the revolution the communist party, in order to get the support of the peasantry, accepted an agricultural policy which was not of its own making and did not correspond to its principles. In fact, the leaders of the left wing of ~the socialist-revolutionary party, with whom the communists had united their forces during the first steps of the communist revolution, were even permitted to formulate the first agricultural policy and to prepare the first agrarian law (the law of February 19, 1918).
Quantum Mechanical and Experimental Validation that Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) Forms a 1:1 Inclusion Complex with Tetrathiafulvalene

The promiscuous encapsulation of π-electron-rich guests by the π-electron-deficient host, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT^(4+)), involves the formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes. One of the most intensely investigated charge-transfer (CT) bands, assumed to result from inclusion of a guest molecule inside the cavity of CBPQT^(4+), is an emerald-green band associated with the complexation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its derivatives. This interpretation was called into question recently in this journal based on theoretical gas-phase calculations that reinterpreted this CT band in terms of an intermolecular side-on interaction of TTF with one of the bipyridinium (BIPY^(2+)) units of CBPQT^(4+), rather than the encapsulation of TTF inside the cavity of CBPQT^(4+). We carried out DFT calculations, including solvation, that reveal conclusively that the CT band emerging upon mixing TTF with CBPQT^(4+) arises from the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. In support of this conclusion, we have performed additional experiments on a [2]rotaxane in which a TTF unit, located in the middle of its short dumbbell, is prevented sterically from interacting with either one of the two BIPY^(2+) units of a CBPQT^(4+) ring residing on a separate [2]rotaxane in a side-on fashion. This [2]rotaxane has similar UV/Vis and ^1H NMR spectroscopic properties with those of 1:1 inclusion complexes of TTF and its derivatives with CBPQT^(4+). The [2]rotaxane exists as an equimolar mixture of cis- and trans-isomers associated with the disubstituted TTF unit in its dumbbell component. Solid-state structures were obtained for both isomers, validating the conclusion that the TTF unit, which gives rise to the CT band, resides inside CBPQT^(4+).
Emendation of the genus Wangiella and a new combination, W heteromorpha

A reexamination of the pleoanamorphic fungus, Wangiella dermatitidis, type species of Wan- giella, has demonstrated the formation of phialides with distinct collarettes, annellides, acropetally pro- duced chains of conidia and sclerotial bodies, in ad- dition to those already ascribed, viz., phialides with- out collarettes and yeastlike cells. The genus is emended to accommodate all anamorphic states. A reexamination of type and authenticated material of Phialophora heteromorpha (Syn. Trichosporium hetero- morphum), based on morphological characters has re- vealed a close relationship to W dermatitidis. Phia- lophora heteromorpha is reassigned to the genus Wan- giella, as W heteromorpha. A redescription of the fun-
Apgar scoring: its use and meaning for today's newborn.

Apgar scoring is a common and accepted practice used for evaluating newborns immediately after delivery. After its development by Dr. Virginia Apgar in the late 1940s/early 1950s, its use and meaning have evolved over the past five decades. Today, every baby born in a U.S. hospital is given an Apgar score. With advances in neonatology and improved survival rates for infants with lower gestational ages, a new or revised scoring system may be warranted in order to more appropriately evaluate the extremely preterm infant. In addition, the predictive capabilities of Apgar scoring must be considered with caution for all gestational age groups.
The Vulcanization of Rubber

Abstract Naturally it could not be expected that a work, even as important as that under discussion, would completely satisfy all opinions and objections concerning the complicated problem of vulcanization. The chief point for which there is evidence is that the sulfuration of rubber is a chemical phenomenon, and that in this reaction adsorption plays only a secondary part, or perhaps no part at all if by adsorption is meant a solution of sulfur in rubber. The work of Bacon devotes some attention to unworkable theories based on the existence of two distinct phases in vulcanized rubber, one the sulfurated compound, the other pure rubber. It is only to be regretted that the experiments do not take into account the more modern theories which have been developed and which are based on colloidal properties. It is interesting to note that the observations are not at variance with these more recent theories.
Defect Creation and Electron Trapping in Single Crystal and Sintered Alumina by Electron Beam Irradiation

Electron beam irradiation of oxides produces electron trapping states which store excess charge. Thermionic emission of this charge occurs during heating with emission peak temperatures related to binding mechanisms and energies. We present thermionic emission results which show both intrinsic and beam induced trapping states in OC-Al2O3 (sapphire) and sintered alumina. Five states have been identified with thermionic emission peaks at temperatures between -50°C and 500°C. Two states are electron beam induced and occur only for electron beam energies above fixed thresholds. These thresholds appear to correlate to with the Is core electron binding energies for oxygen and aluminum. The emission peaks from the sintered material are about 10 fold greater in intensity and slightly broadened in comparison to the single crystal. This suggests that structure plays an important role in charge trapping. Emission was also extremely sensitive to sample treatments such as annealing before electron irradiation.
Autonomous Navigation System Performance in the Earth-Moon System

As NASA continues to develop new vehicles for crewed missions beyond low Earth orbit, there is a growing need for the development of autonomous spacecraft navigation systems. Such a system would be required for the crew to safely return home in the event of a communication system failure. Earlier work has shown that optical navigation techniques offer a promising solution to this problem. The present work aims to quantify the navigation system performance of an autonomous vehicle in the Earth-Moon system as a function of major sensor/system design variables. To assess performance in the event of a communication system failure, radiometric tracking and ground-based state updates are assumed to be unavailable. Instead, the system must autonomously update its state using only images of the Earth, Moon, and stars. This study will investigate the steadystate navigation filter performance as a function of navigation system design variables (e.g. sensor resolution, measurement frequency) for a spacecraft on a number of representative trajectories for a spacecraft in lunar orbit. These results will give the designers of missions within the Earth-Moon system an easy reference for approximate autonomous navigation system performance as a function of major design variables.
The effect of myocardial 3H-digoxin of magnesium deficiency.

SummaryThe hearts of magnesium-deficient mice accumulate less 3H-digoxin 1 hr after intraperitoneal injection than do controls. At 3, 6, 18, and 24 hr, magnesium-deficient mice retained more 3H-digoxin than controls. The difference in the initial uptake of 3H-digoxin between control and magnesium-deficient animals is not due to different blood 3H-digoxin levels. The role of magnesium deficiency-induced potassium deficiency in altering myocardial 3H-digoxin metabolism is discussed.
A framework for improving software maintenance efficiency

Software maintenance has emerged as a major effort within many software organizations. In this paper we review the facts on software maintenance, its unavoidability and associated cost. We analyze three primary types of maintenance, and search for a means of increasing software maintenance efficiency. We examine factors affecting a system's maintainability and see that significant improvements can be achieved by emphasizing preventative maintenance. A framework for implementing a preventative maintenance program based on the re-engineering of individual subroutines within a system is suggested. The suggested framework proposes criteria for selecting candidate subroutines whose reengineering will yield a high return on investment. The framework gives considerations for reengineering these candidates subroutine and discusses post-coding activities. Finally, we will briefly examine some potential areas for further study.
Rapid generation of CRISPR/dCas9-regulated, orthogonally repressible hybrid T7-lac promoters for modular, tuneable control of metabolic pathway fluxes in Escherichia coli

Robust gene circuit construction requires use of promoters exhibiting low crosstalk. Orthogonal promoters have been engineered utilizing an assortment of natural and synthetic transcription factors, but design of large orthogonal promoter-repressor sets is complicated, labor-intensive, and often results in unanticipated crosstalk. The specificity and ease of targeting the RNA-guided DNA-binding protein dCas9 to any 20 bp user-defined DNA sequence makes it a promising candidate for orthogonal promoter regulation. Here, we rapidly construct orthogonal variants of the classic T7-lac promoter using site-directed mutagenesis, generating a panel of inducible hybrid promoters regulated by both LacI and dCas9. Remarkably, orthogonality is mediated by only two to three nucleotide mismatches in a narrow window of the RNA:DNA hybrid, neighboring the protospacer adjacent motif. We demonstrate that, contrary to many reports, one PAM-proximal mismatch is insufficient to abolish dCas9-mediated repression, and we show for the first time that mismatch tolerance is a function of target copy number. Finally, these promoters were incorporated into the branched violacein biosynthetic pathway as dCas9-dependent switches capable of throttling and selectively redirecting carbon flux in Escherichia coli We anticipate this strategy is relevant for any promoter and will be adopted for many applications at the interface of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
Corin Levels in Patients With Acute MI: Do We Need More Tools for Risk Stratification?

Two decades ago, Lee et al. [(1)][1] identified the major predictors of mortality within 30 days after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with 1 of 4 fibrinolysis regimens in the GUSTO-I (Global Utilization of Streptokinase To Open Occluded Arteries) trial. Among 41,
ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS ON THE OPERATING PROBLEMS OF THE OPPOSED FIRING BOILER FOR 600 MW UNITS

As for the operating problems of the opposed firing boiler for 600 MW units,this paper uses theoretical analysis and test adjustments to solve the problems.The results show the following:it is helpful to burn coal in the furnace through reducing the opening of the separator baffle in the coal mill and the swirl intensity of over-fire air;it can reduce the CO value in the furnace through increasing operational oxygen;It can reduce the temperature of the tube walls in superheaters and reheaters solve the excess temperature of the tube walls effectively through moderating the wind speed and reducing the temperature deviation in the furnace and flue-gas temperature.with primary air velocity in leveling,reducing the temperature and deviation of flue gas in firepots
Cold blood cardioplegia.

The technique of myocardial protection by means of a cardioplegic solution consisting of cold blood (10° C.) with potassium (30 mEq. per liter) is described. A disposable cooling coil is used and a separate pump head for coronary perfusion is avoided. The aortic perfusion cannula can be used for venting of the left ventricle and subsequently for venting of air. This method was used in 125 consecutive patients undergoing coronary revascularization and in 73 consecutive pediatric cardiac surgical procedures with excellent results.
Ionomycin and PDBU increase MDCK monolayer permeability independently of myosin light chain phosphorylation.

It has been hypothesized that modulation of epithelial paracellular permeability may be mediated by initiation of contraction of a band of actin and myosin located at the tight junction. Phosphoryl...
Effects of tension/compression asymmetry on the buckling and recovery of NiTi tubes under axial compression

Abstract We recently demonstrated that pseudoelastic NiTi tubes compressed axially buckle first into an axisymmetric wrinkling mode but subsequently collapse by progressive development of buckle lobes with three circumferential waves. This behavior is governed by the material nonlinearity associated with the austenite to martensite solid-state transformation. On unloading, the material transforms back to austenite, deformation is recovered, and the buckling lobes are erased (Jiang et al., 2016). The problem was simulated numerically using a constitutive model framework for the pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi based on a J 2 -type nonlinear kinematic hardening model with the back stress represented through a potential. The first generation of the model did not account for the significant tension/compression asymmetry exhibited by the material so the buckling response did not reproduce well the experiments underestimating the dissipated energy. In the present work the constitutive model is extended to include the tension/compression asymmetry. It is introduced through a weighted mix of two potentials that are calibrated to the tensile and compressive stress-strain responses of the material. In addition, the present model allows for plastic deformations at the completion of martensite transformation. Incorporation of the tension/compression asymmetry significantly improves the calculated response of the buckling and recovery of NiTi tubes both qualitatively and quantitatively. The addition of plastic deformations to the model further improves the predictions. The initial axisymmetric wrinkling and the switch to the buckling mode with three circumferential waves are now reproduced correctly, and so are the evolution of localized collapse and the recovery of deformation on unloading. Furthermore, the stress levels during collapse and recovery follow the experimental levels quite closely thus reproducing the energy dissipated.
Can we fight chronic kidney disease by targeting endothelial HB-EGF?

Emerging evidence points to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overstimulation as a key player in the progression of chronic kidney disease, CKD, associated with hypertension. Angiotensin II has a well-recognized role in the development of renal fibrotic lesions. Compelling in-vitro studies showed that the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGFR) ligand is a key mediator in the EGFR transactivation observed during chronic angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) stimulation. This editorial focus highlights the first evidence for the HB-EGF role in vivo using an inducible cre-mediated recombination to generate a mouse model lacking HB-EGF in the vascular endothelial cells. This recent publication provides strong evidence for the role of HB-EGF mediating the AngII/AT1R transactivation of the EGFR-mediated renal tissue damage during hypertension. Absence of endothelial HB-EGF in AngII-infused mice showed a significant attenuation of the tissue fibrosis and damage particularly in, but not limited to, the kidney.
Personalization of Web Advertising

As discussed in Chap. 2, the performance-based pricing has become the most prevalent web advertising pricing model. Hence, in this chapter, we consider a hybrid pricing model where the price advertisers pay is a function of (a) the number of exposures of the ad, and (b) the number of clicks on the ad. The problem is to find an ad schedule to maximize web site revenue under a hybrid pricing model. Further, as discussed in earlier chapters, the Internet is the first commercial medium in which it is actually possible to measure consumer response, not just to assume it. Both the advertisers and the website providers attempt to exploit this unique, interactive nature of the medium. Therefore, in this chapter, we consider two versions of the problem: static and dynamic, and present a variety of efficient solution techniques that provide near-optimal solutions. In the dynamic version, the schedule of ads is changed based on individual user click behavior. We show that a schedule that adapts to user click behavior consistently outperforms one that does not. We also demonstrate that to benefit from observing user click behavior, the associated probability parameter need not be estimated accurately. For both these versions, we present the sensitivity of the revenue with respect to the model parameters.
Anthropomorphism and intentionality improve memory for events

Several studies have explored the determinants of anthropomorphism: the tendency to endow nonhuman agents with human features, goals, and intentions. Less is known of the cognitive benefits that ma...
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medical Practices in a Pediatric Sickle Cell Population.

Abstract There is a substantive body of literature on the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies among adult populations generally, and chronically ill populations specifically, however less is known about its utilization with sick children. The use of CAM approaches to the treatment of sickle cell (SC)disease and the associated pain crises has focused largely on the use of hypnosis, musculoskeletal manipulations, or relaxation techniques for acute pain relief. The more general use of CAM therapies in the treatment of sickle disease by families is less well surveyed. Numerous studies have found utilization of CAM therapies in up to 70% in both general and sick adult populations, with somewhat lower incidence in pediatric populations. Adults attending sickle cell clinics with their children were asked to participate in structured interviews detailing the use of vitamins and supplements, physical and somatic therapies, and spiritual/holistic therapies, working from a standard list of interventions used in other studies. 47% of the sample regard treatment with CAM therapies as harmless, however the majority of respondents indicated they were aware of the potential for a potential interaction between prescriptive medication and CAM practices. Most believed that CAM therapies were widely used by adults, and both healthy and physically ill children. In this sample, 80% of those sampled reported the use of CAM therapies in the home, but only 53% reported using CAM therapies with the chronically ill child. The most frequently endorsed CAM approaches included prayer (70%), relaxation (55%) and general vitamins (45). Removing prayer as an alternative failed to significantly reduce the incidence of CAM usage with either the family or the physically ill child. Of the various supplements considered in the treatment of SC disease and discussed in the literature, none of the families reported use of Niprisan, one family reported use of aged garlic, two families reported use of Noni Juice, and 17% of the families reported the use of iron supplements for their child with SC. Further research with other chronically ill pediatric populations is underway, with additional data to be gathered on the use of cultural or regional folk remedies, typically not sampled in other CAM surveys.
Traces of Conics VIII

This chapter is devoted to such information on the lost Conics VIII as can be derived from extant sources. The most important of these are the extant part of the Conics,and the Collection of Pappus of Alexandria (fl. 320, DSB X,293–304) which will be discussed in §4.2. The available evidence will only enable us to draw conclusions of a very general nature. However, the subject-matter of Conics VIII was probably not identical to that of the reconstruction which E. Halley published in 1710 (§4.3). A discussion of the Arabic sources will be postponed till §4.4, because these sources do not give new information about the contents of Conics VIII.
Inflammatory markers and symptom burden in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

9081 Background: We explored the association between activation of inflammatory networks and development of severe symptoms during mobilization and the acute phase of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: From mobilization through the first 3 months after ASCT, multiple symptoms were measured repeatedly via the myeloma module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-MM). Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1a), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected up to 11 times per patient and assayed by Luminex. Ordinal regression modeling was used to analyze repeated-measures data. Results: Among50 MM patients, the most severe symptoms reported by werefatigue, pain, muscle weakness, disturbed sleep, drowsiness...
A Smoking-Associated miRNA-mRNA Coexpression Network.

Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on our health are well documented. On the other hand, we do not fully understand the mechanisms by which these adverse effects occur. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics , Willinger et al1 identified a smoking-related microRNA (miRNA)/messenger RNA (mRNA) coexpressed gene network in the whole blood of previous and current smokers. They performed the study as part of the extensive phenotypic characterization performed in the participants of the Framingham Heart Study.2 miRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to their target mRNAs causing translational repression or target degradation,3 have been recognized for their role in cardiovascular pathology.4–6 The results of the current study add another dimension to previous studies by pointing to dysregulated inflammatory responses in leukocytes by miRNA-specific gene regulatory networks in cigarette smokers. See Article by Willinger and Rong et al The authors arrived at this conclusion via a series of well-designed experiments. They used total RNA isolated from peripheral whole blood obtained from 5023 nonfasting participants of the Framingham Study. These participants were part of the Offspring and Third Generation cohorts. The mean age of the participants was 55 years old, and 54% of them were female. Ten percent of them were current smokers, 41% were former smokers, and 48% had …
The Juvenile Justice System of Japan: An Overview

Japan’s overall crime rate has been low. The same has been true for its juvenile offending rate. Japan’s juvenile justice system reflects a western parens patriae-type orientation with an emphasis on rehabilitation, protection, and the overall well-being of the accused child. In recent times, examples of a relatively few horrific juvenile-perpetrated offenses have led to a misperception of an increase in offending and a public interest in more punitive responses for youth law-breaking. Some legal changes have occurred in this regard over the past two decades. A general concern is that increases in heterogeneity in the society, poverty, and academic pressures may be key contributors to youth deviance. The justice system, however, continues to emphasize reintegrative shaming and restoration in its approaches.
Novel transcriptional networks regulated by CLOCK in human neurons

The molecular mechanisms underlying human brain evolution are not fully understood; however, previous work suggested that expression of the transcription factor CLOCK in the human cortex might be relevant to human cognition and disease. In this study, we investigated this novel transcriptional role for CLOCK in human neurons by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for endogenous CLOCK in adult neocortices and RNA sequencing following CLOCK knockdown in differentiated human neurons in vitro. These data suggested that CLOCK regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal migration, and a functional assay showed that CLOCK knockdown increased neuronal migratory distance. Furthermore, dysregulation of CLOCK disrupts coexpressed networks of genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the expression of these networks is driven by hub genes with human-specific patterns of expression. These data support a role for CLOCK-regulated transcriptional cascades involved in human brain evolution and function.
Establishing therapeutic contact with schizophrenics: a supervisory approach.

The beginning resident in psychiatry often finds schizophrenic inpatients to be noncompliant with the standard therapeutic approaches. This can present a significant supervisory challenge. An appro...
Respiratory System Diseases of Nonhuman Primates

Respiratory diseases are among the most important problems affecting nonhuman primate husbandry, especially among newly imported and outdoor-housed primates. Respiratory diseases are also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in wild populations. Respiratory problems can affect the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses, the laryngeal air sacs, the larynx, trachea bronchi, and lung parenchyma (including vasculature and alveoli) and may be caused by direct infection with a variety of agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, as well as by noninfectious, inflammatory stimuli such as particulates, allergens, pneuotoxins, and endogenous inflammatory mediators. Many of the respiratory pathogens reported in this chapter also affect humans or are of human origin (zoonotic or anthropozoonotic). This chapter reviews comparative respiratory anatomy and physiology as well as the diseases affecting all components of the respiratory system of nonhuman primates.
Evaluation of using a collective approach when selecting biomarker features from machine learning models

Many modelling methodologies exist for the analyzing of big biological data, and it has been established that no one model performs best across different types of biological problems. Moreover, while the identification of important biomarkers through feature selection is often an important aim of data analysis, different models often yield very different results. This has led some researchers to employ a multi-model approach to the identification of discriminatory features, where either the union of features (a collective method) or the overlap of features are considered for biological validation. While this method is intuitive, little research has been conducted to investigate the utility of a multi-model approach for feature selection. Here, we simulate a dataset, create known biomarker features, and examine the ability of five machine learning models (support vector machines, random forest, partial least squares discriminant analysis, elastic net, and k-nearest neighbours) to recover the known features. Out of the 200 created features, only 58 (29%) were recovered across all five models, and 17 false feature hits were included. The proportion of false features represented 23% of the features selected when using a collective approach across all models but was only 3% (one false feature) when examining those features that overlapped between models. Thus we recommend using extreme caution when examining the union of features from many different models but note that features which are selected by many models are more likely to be true findings.
Computer Security as Civil Defense

Given the prevalence of computer systems, we must change our approaches by ensuring that civilians and companies can become responsible for much of their own cyberdefense.
Exudative gastropathy due to giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa, report of a case and review of the literature.

1. A patient is presented with giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa, hypoproteinemia and edema. Abnormal loss of albumin into the lumen of the stomach is demonstrated. 2. It appears that the mechanism of hypoproteinemia in Menetrier's disease is exudation of serum protein in abnormal amounts through an abnormal mucosa. 3. Menetrier's disease is one of a large group of diseases having in common excessive protein loss into the gastrointestinal tract.
Resident Involvement in Tactical Medicine: 12 Years Later

Introduction Interest in tactical medicine, the provision of medical support to law enforcement and military special operations teams, continues to grow. The majority of tactical physicians are emergency physicians with additional training and experience in tactical operations. A 2005 survey found that 18% of responding Emergency Medicine (EM) residencies offered their resident physicians structured exposure to tactical medicine at that time. Methods This study sought to assess interval changes in tactical medicine exposure during EM residency and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowship training. A secure online survey was distributed electronically to all 212 EM residency programs and 44 EMS fellowship programs in the United States. Results Responses were received from 99 (46%) EM residency and 40 (91%) EMS fellowship programs. Results showed that 52 (53%) of the responding residencies offered physician trainees formal exposure to tactical medicine as part of their training (P l .0001 compared to 18% in 2005). In addition, 32 (72%) of the 40 responding EMS fellowships (newly established since the initial survey) offered this opportunity. Experiences ranged from observation to active participation during tactical training and call-outs. The EM residents and EMS fellows provide support to local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. A small number of programs (six residencies and four fellowships) allowed a subset of qualified trainees to be armed during tactical operations. Conclusion Overall, training opportunities in tactical medicine have grown significantly over the last decade from 18% to 53% of responding EM residencies. In addition, 72% of responding EMS fellowships incorporate tactical medicine in their training program.Petit NP, Stopyra JP, Padilla RA, Bozeman WP. Resident involvement in tactical medicine: 12 years later. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):217-219.
Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluorinated inositol-1-0-dodecylphosphonates as inhibitors of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C

Abstract Three 2-deoxy-2-fluorinated inositols and their 1-0-dodecylphosphonate derivatives have been synthesized as non-cleavable inhibitors of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C. Their structure-activity relationship is discussed.
The Making of New York’s Avenue of the Americas: Transnational Circuits of Urban Renewal:

This article explores the revitalization of the Avenue of the Americas. It follows the efforts of leading New Yorkers to transform the Avenue into a more profitable space while turning it into the ...
Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using Fascia Iliaca Block as an Alternative Approach to Conscious Sedation as Compared to General Anesthesia.

Abstract Background/purpose General Anesthesia (GA) and conscious sedation (CS) are anesthetics for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF-TAVR). We compared TF-TAVR outcomes using a novel anesthetic approach with fascia iliaca block (FIB) plus minimal CS (MCS) versus GA. Methods This retrospective propensity-matched study included consecutive TF-TAVR patients from January 2013 to December 2017 and dichotomized into FIB-MCS vs. GA. Data were collected from electronic records, Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) database, and the Transcatheter Valve Therapies (TVT) Registry. Primary endpoints were operating room (OR) time, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary endpoints were 30-day, 1-year mortality, quality of life, 30-day re-hospitalization rate, failure of FIB-MCS, and hospital safety outcomes. Results A total of 304 TF-TAVR patients; FIB-MCS (n = 219) vs. GA (n = 85). Propensity matched 162 patients; FIB-MCS (n = 108) vs. GA (n = 54). FIB-MCS had shorter OR time (197.6 ± 56.3 vs. 248.2 ± 46.3 min, p Conclusion TF-TAVR using FIB-MCS is feasible and safe with shorter OR time, ICU and hospital LOS, lower risk of 30-day re-hospitalization, similar 30-day and 1-year mortality with better quality of life at 1-year follow-up.
BCR/ABL Modifies the Kinetics and Fidelity of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Leukemia Cells.

Abstract Clinical observations and experimental findings indicated that BCR/ABL stimulates genomic instability leading to mutations and chromosomal abnormalities. The accumulation of genetic errors is believed to be responsible for the transition from a relatively benign CML chronic phase (CML-CP) to the aggressive blast crisis phase (CML-BC) and the resistance to imatinib mesylate. BCR/ABL- positive leukemia cells accumulate an excess of potentially lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or genotoxic treatment. However, BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase facilitates the repair of DSBs and promotes survival. Therefore, the infidelity of DSBs repair processes may contribute to genomic instability in leukemia cells exposed to elevated numbers of spontaneous and/or induced DSBs. To test this hypothesis DSBs repair efficiency and fidelity was examined and compared in parental and BCR/ABL-transformed cells. Nuclear foci detected by γ-H2AX (the form of H2AX histone that is quickly phosphorylated on Serine 139 by ATM, ATR and/or DNA-PKcs kinases on megabase-length fragments near DSB sites) immunofluorescence served as indicators of DSBs. We found that BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells acquire more DSBs after γ-irradiation in comparison to normal cells. Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) represent two major mechanisms of DSBs repair in mammalian cells. HR and NHEJ reaction sites in the nuclei can be visualized by double-immunofluorescence detecting co-localization of γ-H2AX foci with RAD51 or Ku70, respectively. NHEJ and HR appear to work in a time-dependent fashion (NHEJ followed by HR) and be more active in BCR/ABL-transformed cells in comparison to normal counterparts. Time-dependent engagements of NHEJ and HR mechanisms in repair of DSBs after γ-irradiation are accompanied by elevated accumulation of Ku70 and RAD51 proteins in cell lysates obtained from BCR/ABL cells. Specific DSBs repair assays confirmed that BCR/ABL leukemia cells in comparison to normal cells displayed enhanced capability of HR and NHEJ. However, analysis of DSBs repair products revealed that the repair mechanisms were less faithful in former cells generating large deletions and point mutations during NHEJ and HR, respectively. In summary, BCR/ABL leukemia cells display facilitated, but unfaithful HR and NHEJ, which may contribute to accumulation of genetic errors in surviving leukemia cells leading to malignant disease progression.
Response to 'hepatitis C cure improved patient-reported outcomes in patients with and without liver fibrosis in a prospective study at a large urban medical center'.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures of quality of life. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) improved PROs in clinical trials. We prospectively evaluated the impact of DAA-based HCV cure on PROs and liver-related outcomes in real-world patients at a large urban medical center. The short form (SF)-36 and three additional validated instruments were used. F3-4 fibrosis was defined as > 9.6 kPa by transient elastography (TE); S2-3 steatosis was defined as > 270 dB/m by TE-controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Data were analysed by paired and unpaired t tests. Patients (n = 16) who did not achieve a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) were excluded. The study achieved its primary endpoint and showed a significant 30% improvement in the SF-36 vitality score, measured baseline to SVR12: 63 versus 82, P < .001 (n = 111). Scores in 24 of 25 PRO domains improved at SVR12 (P < .05). Nearly all gains exceeded 5%, indicating their clinical significance. Transaminase values and liver stiffness improved (decreased) significantly, baseline to SVR12 (P < .005), but steatosis was unchanged (P = .58). Patients with baseline F0-2 fibrosis and those with F3-F4 fibrosis both improved in 22 domains. Patients with baseline S0-S1 steatosis improved in more domains (23) than patients with S2-S3 steatosis (19). At baseline, patients with F3-F4 fibrosis and patients with S2-3 steatosis had worse scores in certain PRO domains than patients with F0-2 fibrosis or S0-S1 steatosis, but this difference resolved by SVR12. HCV cure led to meaningful gains in PROs, and these findings may encourage patients to seek treatment.
On the Strength of Connectivity of Inhomogeneous Random K-out Graphs

Random graphs are an important tool for modelling and analyzing the underlying properties of complex real-world networks. In this paper, we study a class of random graphs known as the inhomogeneous random K-out graphs which were recently introduced to analyze heterogeneous sensor networks secured by the pairwise scheme. In this model, first, each of the $n$ nodes is classified as type-1 (respectively, type-2) with probability $0 0$), it was recently established that achieving even 1-connectivity a.a.s. requires $K_n=\omega(1)$. Here, we provide a comprehensive set of results to complement these existing results. First, we establish a sharp zero-one law for $k$-connectivity, showing that for the network to be $k$-connected a.a.s., we need to set $K_n = \frac{1}{1-\mu}(\log n +(k-2)\log\log n + \omega(1))$ for all $k=2, 3, \ldots$. Despite such large scaling of $K_n$ being required for $k$-connectivity, we show that the trivial condition of $K_n \geq 2$ for all $n$ is sufficient to ensure that inhomogeneous K-out graph has a connected component of size $n-O(1)$ whp.
3D printing technology of polymer-fiber composites in textile and fashion industry: a potential roadmap of concept to consumer

Abstract Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology has gained an increased popularity in making prototypes in all types of manufacturing industries including automotive, healthcare, aerospace, sports, textile, apparel and fashion industry etc. Researchers, textile technologists, fashion designers, manufacturers and retailers have been working on adopting 3DP technology in their respective fields since the last decade. 3DP has been proved highly beneficial in reducing manufacturing time and production cost significantly regarding fiber reinforced composites fabrication. However, the application of this technology is still at niche while it comes to manufacturing everyday clothing. The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrative review of the existing literature to identify current state-of-the-art 3DP methods, materials, application in the textile and fashion industries. Further, the review considers the future of this technology with regard to sustainability, novelty, complexity in fashion related fields.
Convective boundary layer characterization in the Amazon rainforest before and after the passage of Mesoscale convective systems

This study describes thermodynamic variables (e.g., temperature and humidity) of the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) and its growth rates preceding and following the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Amazon rainforest. Using the data set provided by GoAmazon 2014/15, this study will address its objectives through the evaluation of case studies and an ensemble of days when there was the passage of MCSs. The results show that the convective boundary layer experiences reductions in the equivalent potential temperature within 2 to 8K and in the specific humidity up to 2 g kg -1 after the passage of a MCS, due to the cold and dry air brought to the surface by storms downdrafts. These two variables in addition to others (e.g., energy fluxes) are responsible for the low growth rates of the convective boundary layer, that were reduced by 100 m h -1 in the following two hours after the rainfall ceases, when compared to undisturbed conditions. Nonetheless, this work provides a quantitative evaluation of the thermodynamic features of the convective boundary layer under the passage of mesoscale convective systems in the Amazon rainforest.
Evaluation of single bolus, dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI protocols in brain tumor patients:

Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is adversely impacted by contrast agent leakage in brain tumors. Using simulations, we previously demonstrated that multi-echo DSC-MRI protocols provide improvements in contrast agent dosing, pulse sequence flexibility, and rCBV accuracy. The purpose of this study is to assess the in-vivo performance of dual-echo acquisitions in patients with brain tumors (n = 59). To verify pulse sequence flexibility, four single-dose dual-echo acquisitions were tested with variations in contrast agent dose, flip angle, and repetition time, and the resulting dual-echo rCBV was compared to standard single-echo rCBV obtained with preload (double-dose). Dual-echo rCBV was comparable to standard double-dose single-echo protocols (mean (standard deviation) tumor rCBV 2.17 (1.28) vs. 2.06 (1.20), respectively). High rCBV similarity was observed (CCC = 0.96), which was maintained across both flip angle (CCC = 0.98) and repetition time (CCC = 0.96) permutations, demonstrating that dual-echo acquisitions provide flexibility in acquisition parameters. Furthermore, a single dual-echo acquisition was shown to enable quantification of both perfusion and permeability metrics. In conclusion, single-dose dual-echo acquisitions provide similar rCBV to standard double-dose single-echo acquisitions, suggesting contrast agent dose can be reduced while providing significant pulse sequence flexibility and complementary tumor perfusion and permeability metrics.
Pictures and Progress: Early Photography and the Making of African American Identity: Maurice O. Wallace and Shawn Michelle Smith (eds)

(2013). Pictures and Progress: Early Photography and the Making of African American Identity: Maurice O. Wallace and Shawn Michelle Smith (eds) Photography and Culture: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 113-115.
Educating for Social Work

Social work education has seen dramatic growth and change since its inception over 100 years ago. It is important to recall the challenges and successes of the past as many of them are reflected in current issues. Meeting the current and future challenges in the profession will require collaboration among all the stakeholders in social work. In order to give context to the discussion of issues, the authors outline the history of social work education and especially the initiation of and changes within the accreditation process. This chapter describes social work education at the baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral levels, including the needs and purposes at each level. Emerging issues in social work education are discussed, including recruitment of students and faculty, the need for understanding between educational levels and membership associations, funding constraints for social work programs, and the growing call from the public for greater accountability from accreditation and programs. Keywords: social work education; Council on Social Work Education (CSWE); curriculum; accreditation; Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS)
Scientific Biography, Cognitive Deficits, and Laboratory Practice: James McKeen Cattell and Early American Experimental Psychology, 1880–1904

ABSTRACT Despite widespread interest in individual life histories, few biographies of scientists make use of insights derived from psychology, another discipline that studies people, their thoughts, and their actions. This essay argues that recent theoretical work in psychology and tools developed for clinical psychological practice can help biographical historians of science create and present fuller portraits of their subjects' characters and temperaments and more nuanced analyses of how these traits helped shape their subjects' scientific work. To illustrate this thesis, the essay examines the early career of James McKeen Cattell—an influential late nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century experimental psychologist—through a lens offered by psychology and argues that Cattell's actual laboratory practices derived from an “accommodation” to a long‐standing “cognitive deficit.” These practices in turn enabled Cattell to achieve more precise experimental results than could any of his contemporaries; and the...
Effect of upper body resistance training on memory (LB829)

Multiple studies have shown that cardiovascular exercise improves both short and long-term memory retention, however, very few studies have examined the effect of resistance training or callistheni...
On the tractability of learning from incomplete theories

Abstract One well-known limitation of the explanation-based approach to concept learning is the need for a domain theory strong enough to deductively entail training examples of the concept. As such a theory may be unavailable in many situations, the problem of learning from incomplete domain theories must be addressed. The aim of this paper is to use the Valiant/Natarajan theoretical formalizations of concept learning to study the tractability of learning from incomplete domain theories. In particular, we present an in-depth analysis of the tractability of learning functions from determinations , a particular form of incomplete domain theory[3]. We show that only two of the five function families consistent with the five total determinations are polynomial-time learnable. We introduce the notion of “exceptions, and use it to identify sufficient conditions for the learnability of function families consistent with partial and extended determinations. While our results are specific to determinations, we believe that the underlying approach can be used to analyze other forms of incomplete theories.