cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous dimensions of three-quark operators

Abstract We exhibit in a simple notation the composite operators of lowest twist with baryon quantum numbers and compute their anomalous dimensions. These operators contribute to the leading large-Q2 behavior of baryon form factors.
Antemortem markers in Alzheimer disease: Have we looked at the forest and missed the trees?

Abstract Although some promising leads have been uncovered, research has yet to identify an antemortem marker for Alzheimer disease. The possible heterogeneity of the disease and analysis by group comparisons may have obscured the homogeneous subgroups of patients. Interdisciplinary collaborative investigations are needed to identify clinically and biologically meaningful subgroups.
A major role for bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase in frameshift mutagenesis.

ABSTRACT T4 DNA polymerase strongly influences the frequency and specificity of frameshift mutagenesis. Fifteen of 19 temperature-sensitive alleles of the DNA polymerase gene substantially influenced the reversion frequencies of frameshift mutations measured in the T4 rII genes. Most polymerase mutants increased frameshift frequencies, but a few alleles (previously noted as antimutators for base substitution mutations) decreased the frequencies of certain frameshifts while increasing the frequencies of others. The various patterns of enhanced or decreased frameshift mutation frequencies suggest that T4 DNA polymerase is likely to play a variety of roles in the metabolic events leading to frameshift mutation. A detailed genetic study of the specificity of the mutator properties of three DNA polymerase alleles ( tsL56, tsL98 and tsL88 ) demonstrated that each produces a distinctive frameshift spectrum. Differences in frameshift frequencies at similar DNA sequences within the rII genes, the influence of mutant polymerase alleles on these frequencies, and the presence or absence of the dinucleotide sequence associated with initiation of Okazaki pieces at the frameshift site has led us to suggest that the discontinuities associated with discontinuous DNA replication may contribute to spontaneous frameshift mutation frequencies in T4.
Does Progesterone Have Neuroprotective Properties

In this article, we review published preclinical and epidemiologic studies that examine progesterone's role in the central nervous system. Its effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems are well known, but a large and growing body of evidence, including a recently published pilot clinical trial, indicates that the hormone also exerts neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. We now know that it is produced in the brain, for the brain, by neurons and glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system of both male and female individuals. Laboratories around the world have reported that administering relatively large doses of progesterone during the first few hours to days after injury significantly limits central nervous system damage, reduces loss of neural tissue, and improves functional recovery. Although the research published to date has focused primarily on progesterone's effects on blunt traumatic brain injury, there is evidence that the hormone affords protection from several forms of acute central nervous system injury, including penetrating brain trauma, stroke, anoxic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Progesterone appears to exert its protective effects by protecting or rebuilding the blood-brain barrier, decreasing development of cerebral edema, down-regulating the inflammatory cascade, and limiting cellular necrosis and apoptosis. All are plausible mechanisms of neuroprotection.
Semiautomatic registration between ground-level panoramas and an orthorectified aerial image for building modeling

Aerial imagery and ground-level imagery are two complementary data sources for architectural modeling. How to integrate them is a critical issue in creating complete, photo-realistic and large-scale urban models. We describe a semiautomatic approach of detecting feature correspondences between ground-level images and the building footprint in an orthorectified aerial image. The ground-level images are stitched into panoramas in order to obtain a wide camera field of view. Line segments are extracted from ground-level images. Their corresponding segments on the building footprints are automatically detected through a voting process. Meanwhile the camera pose of the ground-level images is also obtained. Wrong correspondences are corrected through user interaction. Later, the height values of the building roof corners are computed and a piece-wise planar 3D model with photo-realistic facade and roof texture is then created.
Colon cancer surgery following emergency presentation: effects on admission and stage-adjusted outcomes.

Abstract Background Emergency presentation with colon cancer is intuitively related to advanced disease. We measured its effect on outcomes of surgically treated colon cancer. Methods A retrospective cohort of 1,071 surgical colon cancer patients (2004 to 2011), with 102 emergency cases requiring surgery within the index admission, was analyzed. Results Emergency patients required longer surgeries (median 141 vs 124 minutes; P = .04), longer median admissions (8% vs 5%; P P = .040), and perioperative mortality (7.8% vs .8%; P P P = .021), and metastatic disease (19.6% vs 8%; P P = .003) and shorter disease-free survival (hazard ratio=1.39; P = .042). Conclusions Emergency presentation is a stage-independent poor prognostic factor associated with aggressive tumor biology, resulting in longer surgeries and admissions, frequent readmissions, worsening outcomes, and increasing healthcare costs.
Analysis of stated preferences for intermodal bicycle-transit interfaces

One proposed means of increasing use of both transit and bicycles is to replace long automobile trips with "bike and ride" trips. In this study, a stated-preference survey was conducted using hypothetical scenarios within which respondents ranked their preferences for making a work trip by automobile only, park and ride, or bike and ride. The survey addressed numerous potential factors that might influence this choice, including three policy variables that were systematically varied in the scenarios: on-street bicycle facility type, bicycle parking facility type, and bicycle access distance to transit. The survey data are summarized and used to estimate discrete choice models. A nested logit choice model was developed as the preferred model. From this model, inferences are drawn about many factors. Conclusions are drawn about the three main policy variables. In short, the results support the notion that bicycle lockers are the preferred parking facility to increase bike and ride use. The results also indi...
Structure of a ribulose 5‐phosphate 3‐epimerase from Plasmodium falciparum

The crystal structure of Pfal009167AAA, a putative ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (PfalRPE) from Plasmodium falcipa- rum, has been determined to 2 A resolution. RPE represents an exciting potential drug target for developing antimalarials because it is involved in the shikimate and the pentose phosphate pathways. The structure is a classic TIM-barrel fold. A coordi- nated Zn ion and a bound sulfate ion in the active site of the enzyme allow for a greater understanding of the mechanism of action of this enzyme. This structure is solved in the framework of the Struc- tural Genomics of Pathogenic Protozoa (SGPP) con- sortium. Proteins 2006;62:338 -342.
Toward universal mobile interaction for shared displays

Researchers have noted conflicting trends in collaboration technologies between delivering more information on larger displays and exploiting mobility on smaller devices. Large, shared displays provide greater choice in the presentation of information, but mobile devices offer greater flexibility in the access of information. We describe a platform that leverages the best of both worlds by allowing multiple users to access and interact with a large, shared display using their own personal mobile devices, such as a cell phone, laptop, or wireless PDA. We highlight three applications built on top of the platform that demonstrate its generality and utility in a variety of group settings: namely, web browsing, polling, and entertainment.
Detection of Putative Loci Affecting Milk Production and Composition, Health, and Type Traits in a United States Holstein Population

Quantitative trait loci affecting milk yield and composition, health, and type traits were studied for seven large grandsire families of US Holstein using the granddaughter design. The families were genotyped at 20 microsatellite markers on 15 chromosomes, and the effects of the marker alleles were analyzed for 28 traits (21 type traits, 5 milk yield and composition traits, somatic cell score, and productive herd life). Markers BM415 on chromosome 6 and BM6425 on chromosome 14 were associated with effects on protein percentage in a single grandsire family. The latter marker had a lower probability of being associated with changes in milk yield and fat percentage in the same family. Increases in productive herd life were associated with an allele at marker BM719 on chromosome 16 in one grandsire family.
Reevaluation of Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis Cases from 1975 to 1985 by 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis

Studies that detected an association between Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and colon carcinoma have not taken into account the recently identified genetic diversity among organisms historically classified as S. bovis. With near full-length 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, organisms cultured from the blood of endocarditis patients at the Mayo Clinic from 1975 to 1985 and previously identified as S. bovis or streptococcus group D nonenterococci were shown to represent S. bovis biotypes I (11 isolates) and II/2 (1 isolate), S. salivarius (1 isolate), and S. macedonicus (1 isolate). Two of the S. bovis biotype I cases were associated with colon cancer. Whether S. bovis biotype II or other organisms closely related to and historically identified as S. bovis (e.g., S. macedonicus) are associated with malignant (or premalignant) colon lesions in humans remains to be definitively determined.
High brightness, high current injector design for the Cornell ERL prototype

Cornell University, in collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, has proposed the construction of a 100 MeV, 100 mA CW Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) prototype, to study and resolve the many accelerator physics and technology issues of this type of machine. The long term goal of this work is the construction of a state-of-the-art 5 to 7 GeV ERL-based synchrotron light source. A key element of this machine is a high brightness injector with every bunch filled (77 pC/bunch at 1300 MHz). We report the design of a versatile injector for the prototype ERL which also meets the requirements for a full energy light source. The injector uses a very high voltage DC photoemission electron gun with a GaAs photocathode and a conventional bunching cavity. A cryomodule with five two-cell superconducting RF cavities allows energies between 5 and 15 MeV to be delivered, with an average beam power of 500 kW limited by the installed RF power. Thorough simulations, using realistic particle distributions at the photocathode, indicate this injector should provide a normalized rms transverse emittance approaching 1 mm-mrad, and an rms longitudinal emittance of 10 keV-degrees. Operation at reduced bunch charge will provide a smaller transverse emittance, until aberrations and the time dependence of the RF fields impose limitations.
One-year rates of public shelter utilization by race/ethnicity, age, sex and poverty status for New York City (1990 and 1995) and Philadelphia (1995)

This study calculates public homeless shelter utilization rates by sex, race/ethnicity and age status for New York City (1990 and 1995) and Philadelphia (fiscal year 1995) to determine the relative risk for shelter use among different demographic groups in these cities. The resulting shelter utilization rates reveal large disparities among age groups and across racial/ethnic groups, as well as showing different trends in shelter utilization among the two cities. Among the results reported, the rate of shelter utilization declined by 11% in New York City over this period, while the overall utilization rate in Philadelphia has increased to where it is 40% higher than that of New York City. Children under age 5, at a rate of 0.0248, have the highest shelter utilization rate among the age groups studied and the overall rate for blacks is 2.3 times that of the overall population. And while shelter utilization rates among single men have decreased by 30% in New York City, a similar decrease has not occurred among women of early childbearing ages or among young children. Finally, policy implications related to these findings are discussed.
Estimating Departure Queues to Study Runway Efficiency

The ability to analyze the current efe ciency of surface operations is limited by the lack of availability of surface surveillance data. To study surface and departure issues and identify opportunities for automation to improve trafe c management, a method is presented for reconstructing the departure queues that existed at each runway from available information. Observations of the departure queues are of particular interest because they provide insight into the management of departures before takeoff. The method correlates pushback data and radar data to estimate the departure runway, the takeoff time, and the time at which the aircraft joins the departure queue, for every departure. By the calculation of the interval of time for which each aircraft is waiting at the runway, the departure queueat each runway can bereconstructed at every point in time. This method isused to study e ve days of data from Dallas/Fort Worth airport. Substantial departure queues and delays are observed, consistent with expectations for a hub airport. Moreover, knowledge of the departure queues provides insight into the efe ciency with which thedeparture runways wereused. Thedeparturequeues on the primary departure runways areshown to be well balanced at most times. However, during periods of time when departure demand was present at the runway, the interdeparture gaps exhibit signie cant variability. These delays between consecutive departures may indicate an opportunity for automation to increase throughput.
The effect of environmental taxes on the volume of international trade

Abstract This paper is a response to Ropke’s (1994) question whether environmental taxes increase or decrease the volume of international trade. Using a three-country Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson model, it is shown that the effect can be in either direction. In the absence of pollution haven and three-country effects that reverse natural comparative advantage, environmental taxes decrease (increase) the volume of trade between any two countries when the tax is larger in the country that exports (imports) the pollutive good. The environmental tax can also generate strong trade effects between two of the countries, changing production costs and thereby reversing the expected tax effect on a third country. The effects on trade are likely to be smaller when comparable pollution damage is global rather than local.
Interactions of two jets in a channel: solution multiplicity and linear stability

The steady, two-dimensional, isothermal flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in a semi-infinite channel is modelled using a finite-element method. The flow is driven by injecting two identical jets through symmetrically placed slit-like nozzles into the otherwise closed end of the channel. Multiple steady-state solutions are observed for Reynolds numbers greater than 18.8, where seven solutions have been found. Six of these solutions exist on branches that are not connected to the Stokes flow solution via continuation in the Reynolds number. Further bifurcations of these solutions has led to the discovery of 17 solutions at a Reynolds number of 40. A two-dimensional linear stability analysis of the solution branches shows that for Reynolds numbers in the range of 18.8 to 26.8 there are three stable solutions. One solution is symmetric about the channel centreline while the other two stable solutions are a pair of mirror-image asymmetric flows. For Reynolds numbers in the range 26.8 to 40, there are four known stable solutions consisting of two asymmetric solutions and their mirror-images.
The structure of self‐reported problem behaviors in Chinese children

This study examined the structure of self-reported problem behaviors in Mainland Chinese children. Third grade (n = 3011) and fifth grade (n = 3708) students completed a 20-item Problem Behavior Frequency Checklist (PBFC). Findings suggested that among the four factors studied (physical aggression, substance use, delinquency, and self-centered behaviors), self-centered behaviors and physical aggression were reported most frequently by the Chinese elementary school children. Furthermore, boys had higher prevalence rates of problem behaviors than girls. Developmental differences were also present. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a model that included specific factors related to substance use, physical aggression, delinquency, and self-centered behaviors. Therefore, the single factor conceptualization in which different types of problem behaviors are hypothesized to reflect a single underlying common factor may not hold for this population. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 19–33, 2003.
Perfect Impedance-Matched Isolators and Unidirectional Absorbers

A broad-band reflectionless channel which supports unidirectional wave propagation originating from the interplay between gyrotropic elements and symmetrically placed gain and loss constituents is proposed. Interchange of the active elements together with a gyrotropic inversion turns the same structure to a unidirectional absorber where incoming waves from a specific direction are annihilated. When disorder is introduced asymmetric Anderson localization is found. Realizations of such multi-functional architectures in the frame of electronic and photonic circuitry are discussed.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy for pediatric heart failure.

c l p n j u ntroduction ardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been studied xtensively and has been shown to improve quality of life nd to increase survival in both ischemic and nonischemic dult heart failure patients. It has become the standard of are for symptomatic heart failure patients (New York Heart ssociation class III–IV) with depressed systemic ventriclar function (ejection fraction 35%) and wide QRS 120 ms) despite optimal medical therapy. The pediatric eart failure population is a heterogeneous population comrising cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease paients. The growing number of patients surviving surgical nterventions has contributed to this heterogeneity. Current guidelines for CRT implantation in pediatric atients are broadly based on adult criteria. Pediatric paients receiving appropriate medical therapy for heart failure ho have persistently poor cardiac function (measured by ystemic ventricular ejection fraction) and wide QRS for ge typically are referred for CRT evaluation as an alternaive to cardiac transplantation. The CRT evaluation can be ivided into three steps: (1) preimplant, (2) implant, and (3) ostimplant. Appropriate patient selection preimplant is ritically important given that use of current adult criteria or CRT implantation results in a nonresponder rate of 25% o 30%. Lead site selection studies, primarily conducted in dults with left bundle branch block, have shown that most atients can be successfully resynchronized from a lateral eft ventricular (LV) lead. This issue has not been addressed n the pediatric population, in which isolated left bundle ranch block is rare but chronic right ventricular (RV) pical pacing is common. Postimplant issues regarding RT optimization, both atrioventricular (AV) and ventricuoventricluar (VV), in adult and pediatric patients have been iscussed, with no clear consensus. This viewpoint adresses concerns facing the pediatric electrophysiologist at ach time point.
The Health and the Human Rights-Related Quality of Life of People with Severe Mental Illness in Taiwan

Hui-Ching Wu is an associate professor at the Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, with a Ph.D. degree in social work practice track from Columbia University School of Social Work (CUSSW). His specialty is mental health and his research interests are in psychiatric rehabilitation, stigma, human rights, involuntary treatment, trauma and criminal psychology. The current working studies are 'Assessing the impact of severe mental illness on adult well siblings a serial model of social support' and 'Developing culturally sensitive psychiatric service intervention in Taiwan: Examining multiple perspectives on attribution, stigma, and treatment utilisation'. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine human rights as predictors of a satisfactory psychiatric rehabilitation outcome for 207 individuals with severe mental illness in northern and southern Taiwan. One three-part questionnaire was administered to these individuals, which included a set of questions to capture socio-demographic infor- mation, items from the Health and Human Rights of Patients with Severe Mental Illness Scale and items from the Health-Related Quality of Life Scale. T-test, bivariate and sim- ultaneous multiple regression were employed to analyse the collected data. This study found a significantly positive association between the self-awareness of human rights and satisfaction with mental and physical health-related quality of life (QoL). The per- ception of having their rights to interaction with family/friends and work respected sig- nificantly influenced the self-perceived satisfactory QoL of people with severe mental illness. The key to self-awareness and the promotion of rights is to foster a positive culture of healing created through the development of collaborative relationships between people with severe mental illness and health care providers. Further research may be needed to investigate the reason that these patients' rights continue to be deva- lued in Taiwan.
Graph-Based Modeling of Information Flow Evolution and Propagation under V2V Communications-Based Advanced Traveler Information Systems

A vehicle equipped with a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications capability can continuously update its knowledge on traffic conditions using its own experience and anonymously obtained travel experience data from other such equipped vehicles without any central coordination. In such a V2V communications-based advanced traveler information system (ATIS), the dynamics of traffic flow and intervehicle communication lead to the time-dependent vehicle knowledge on the traffic network conditions. In this context, this study proposes a graph-based multilayer network framework to model the V2V-based ATIS as a complex system which is composed of three coupled network layers: a physical traffic flow network, and virtual intervehicle communication and information flow networks. To determine the occurrence of V2V communication, the intervehicle communication layer is first constructed using the time-dependent locations of vehicles in the traffic flow layer and intervehicle communication-related constraints. Then an information flow network is constructed based on events in the traffic and intervehicle communication networks. The graph structure of this information flow network enables the efficient tracking of the time-dependent vehicle knowledge of the traffic network conditions using a simple graph-based reverse search algorithm and the storage of the information flow network as a single graph database. Further, the proposed framework provides a retrospective modeling capability to articulate explicitly how information flow evolves and propagates. These capabilities are critical to develop strategies for the rapid flow of useful information and traffic routing to enhance network performance. It also serves as a basic building block for the design of V2V-based route guidance strategies to manage traffic conditions in congested networks. Synthetic experiments are used to compare the graph-based approach to a simulation-based approach, and illustrate both memory usage and computational time efficiencies.
Depressed postoperative cardiac performance. Prevention by adequate myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Depressed postoperative myocardial performance (low output syndrome) requiring inotropic drugs or balloon counterpulsation is due to subendocardial ischemic damage. Before July, 1972, we needed inotropic drugs in 30 to 52 per cent of 189 patients undergoing coronary revascularization or aortic or mitral valve replacement in whom we used ischemic arrest, profound topical hypothermia, and ventricular fibrillation. The mortality rate ranged from 10 to 17 per cent. Our experimental studies show that morbidity and death in such cases are caused by ischemic injury to the heart resulting from inadequate myocardial protection during bypass. Based on these experimental studies, we have, since July, 1972, employed the following principles clinically: (1) Maintain beating empty heart whenever possible; (2) maintain adequate coronary perfusion pressure (
Multifractal Modeling of the Japanese Treasury Term Structure

This paper identifies Multifractal Models of Asset Returns (MMARs) for each of the eight nodal term structure series of monthly Japanese Treasury rates and, after proper synthesis, simulates those MMARs. All nodal rate series are found to be slightly anti-persistent, with the exception of the 20-year rate which is heavily anti-persistent and in the range of being chaotic. This contrasts with our earlier findings of the US term structure (Jamdee-Los, 2005), where the US interest rates are identified to be slightly persistent, although that model identification was based on daily data. The simulations of the identified Japanese interest rate MMARs are compared with the original empirical time series, and also with the simulated results from the corresponding Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) and GARCH processes. All eight different maturity Japanese Treasury rates are found to be multifractal processes. Identified distributions of all simulated processes are compared with the empirical distributions in both snapshot and time-scale (-frequency) analyses. Using wavelet scalograms, we demonstrate that the MMAR does not clearly outperform either the GBM and GARCH(1, 1) in time-frequency comparisons. The simulated MMAR replicates all attributes of the short maturity empirical distributions, while the simulated GBM and GARCH(1, 1) processes perform better for the long maturity series. Nevertheless, these results are somewhat inconclusive since the MMAR experiences difficulty with the simulations of these anti-persistent,
Amino Acid Sequence TRTRVSRLY in the Rhesus Rotavirus VP4 Protein Governs Viral Tropism in Mouse Biliary Atresia

between the groups. On comparison, overall adjusted mortality was lower in pediatric level I centers (5.2% vs 8.2%, p1⁄40.004). Patients managed at pediatric level I centers had shorter hospital length of stay (median [IQR] 3 [2e6] vs 3 [2e7], p1⁄40.04) and ventilator days (median [IQR] 2 [1e 7] vs 2 [1e8], p1⁄40.04). Rate of neurosurgical intervention was significantly lower at pediatric level I compared with adult level I centers (9% vs 13%, p1⁄40.002).
Inhibition of Eosinophil Rolling and Recruitment in P-Selectin– and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1–Deficient Mice

To determine the relative in vivo importance of endothelial expressed adhesion molecules to eosinophil rolling, adhesion, and transmigration, we have induced eosinophilic peritonitis using ragweed allergen in P-selectin–deficient, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)–deficient and control wild-type mice. Circulating leukocytes visualized by intravital microscopy exhibited reduced rolling and firm adhesion in P-selectin–deficient mice and reduced firm adhesion in ICAM-1–deficient mice. Eosinophils exhibited reduced rolling and firm adhesion to endothelium in P-selectin–deficient mice. Eosinophil recruitment in P-selectin–deficient mice (∼75% inhibition of eosinophil recruitment) and ICAM-1–deficient mice (∼67% inhibition of eosinophil recruitment) was significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice. Eosinophil recruitment was not completely inhibited in P-selectin/ICAM-1 double-mutant mice (eosinophil recruitment inhibited ∼62%). However, pretreatment of P-selectin/ICAM-1–deficient mice with an anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) antibody induced near complete inhibition of eosinophil recruitment. Overall, these studies show that eosinophil rolling and firm adhesion is significantly reduced in P-selectin–deficient mice and that P-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM are important to eosinophil peritoneal recruitment after ragweed challenge.
Emergence of Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) Transmitted Criniviruses as Threats to Vegetable and Fruit Production in North America.

The greenhouse whitefly (GHWF) (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) has been a problem in greenhouses for many years, both as an insect pest capable of reducing plant productivity and longevity, as well as a virus vector (Fig. 1). Within the last ten years this whitefly pest has been emerging as a serious threat to vegetable and fruit production in the field as well. The GHWF has become a particular problem along the west coast of North America, where populations now reach levels capable of yield reduction through feeding damage alone in a number of crops (1). This region is rich in agriculture, producing the majority of vegetables and strawberries grown in the United States and in Mexico.
Changes in Egg Mass Density, Size, and Amount of Parasitism After Chemical Treatment of a Heavy Population of the Gypsy Moth

Applications of a short residual phosphate, Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dim ethyl phosphate) applied in 50-acre plots against dense populations of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), protected foliage but prolonged the outbreak by allowing numerous larvae to survive. In untreated woods, starvation and polyhedrosis reduced the number of larvae to a lower level. A study of the eggs of the succeeding generation showed that there were more egg masses in the treated plots and that they were of larger size than those outside the plots. There was also less parasitism by the egg parasite Ooencyrtus kuwanae (Howard) inside than outside the plots. The level of parasitism throughout the test area was high compared with that in previous reports.
The Wreck of the ‘Apostle’ San Bartolomé (1597)

On 18 October 1597, an armada under the command of the Adelantado de Castilla, Martin de Padilla, set sail from the port of La Coruna (figure 1, A). Its objective was to seize Falmouth and to destr...
Substance P (SP) mediates production of stem cell factor and interleukin-1 in bone marrow stroma: potential autoregulatory role for these cytokines in SP receptor expression and induction

Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the nervous system. Its release within the bone marrow (BM) can mediate bidirectional neurohematopoietic communication via specific receptors: neurokinin-1R (NK-1R), NK-2R, or NK-3R. We have previously reported that SP effects on hematopoiesis are mediated by an NK-1-type receptor, the BM stroma, and growth factors. Here, we have studied the induction of stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by SP in stroma. At 10(-9) mol/L SP, cytokine levels in supernatants were IL-1 alpha, 20 +/- 5 ng/mL; IL-1 beta, 40 +/- 10 ng/mL; and SCF, nondetectable; and the cell-associated levels were SCF, 21 +/- 2 ng/mL; IL-1 alpha, 90 +/- 6 ng/mL; and IL-1 beta, 45 +/- 3 ng/mL. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and ligand-binding studies with stroma stimulated by these two cytokines resulted in (1) NK-1-like receptor mRNA accumulation and (2) downregulation of SP binding sites (day 1) followed by an upregulation (day 3). Low numbers of high-affinity receptors were expressed by day 1 but not by day 3. The results indicate that SP induces IL-1 and SCF in stroma and that these cytokines have the potential to autoregulate NK-R.
Effect of Immunization with β-Trace Protein on Testosterone Levels in Animals

Interest in β-trace (β-tr) has been rekindled after the realization that its N-terminal amino acid sequence1 was identical to that of glutathione independent prostaglandin D synthase, sequenced by Urade and coworkers2. It has now been firmly established that β-tr from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and this prostaglandin D synthase from brain are identical3, 4, 5, β-tr is found in most abundance in the CSF, where it constitutes 8–10% of the total protein6, 7, in seminal fluid, where it is higher in concentration although much lower as a percentage of total protein8, and in urine9. β-tr is synthesized in the choroid plexus and brain as shown by incorporation of labeled amino acids into β-tr protein, as well as in testis and fimbriae of the fallopian tubes6. By staining with fluorescent antibody, localization of β-tr was shown in oligodendrocytes and in epididymis10. Moreover, by in situ hybridization with antisense RNA, Urade et al11 have shown synthesis of β-tr in leptomeninges and choroid plexus as well as in oligodendrocytes of the adult rat brain. The enzymatic activity association with β-tr also occurs in the epididymis12.
Proximal tubular secretion of angiotensin II in rats

It is now established that all of the components necessary for the local formation of angiotensin II (ANG II) coexist in the kidney and can alter local ANG II production rate. However, data on ANG ...
Ecological Considerations in Using Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola for the Biological Control of Sirex noctilio in North America

Sirex noctilio was discovered in North America in New York, USA in 2004. The woodwasp has the potential to damage pine forest resources if it is not controlled. Sirex has been managed with varying degrees of success in pine plantations throughout the Southern Hemisphere using biological control. The most ­successful control agent is the “Kamona strain” of the nematode, Deladenus (=Beddingia) siricidicola. The technology for mass rearing and applying the nematode has been developed through many years of research in Australia. Thus, implementing a biological control program in North America seemed at first to be a simple matter of technology transfer. This has proved not to be the case because of environmental factors that both affect and are affected by use of the nematode. The first set of factors includes climate and the discovery of an indigenous strain of D. siricidicola. Climate may affect the overwinter survival and population increase of the nematode, as well as the timing of program operations, whereas the presence of another strain complicates nematode identification and, hence, the evaluation of effectiveness of the Kamona strain. In addition, strain hybridization may occur, potentially decreasing the efficacy of the Kamona strain. The second set of factors includes possible effects of the nematode on non-target North American siricids. As many as five species of native pine-feeding Siricinae potentially may be exposed to infection by the nematode when it is released.
Art and science.

Professional society guidelines are founded on randomized clinical trials (RCTs), thought to be the highest level of science. However, medical practice is not only science-based, but an art, requiring data integration into a wisdom matrix, which is then focused and individualized for the specific
Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and prion diseases. The primary causes of neurodegenerative diseases are not known.
Body Clocks in Health and Disease

Abstract Disruption of the optimal temporal order of bodily processes, such as that experienced in jet lag, increases risk for poor health and illness. The mechanisms underlying these body-wide effects involve daily oscillations in nearly all behavioral and physiological responses. The timekeeping mechanism entails a complex of molecular transcription–translation feedback loops located in virtually all cells. Oscillations of cellular “clocks” are coordinated by a master circadian “clock” located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light signals detected by the eyes reach the SCN and set the phase of its endogenous oscillation. The SCN sends synchronization signals to the body by means of hormone secretion, sympathetic innervation, and indirect cues. In turn, the molecular clock acts on downstream genes, with about 10% of genes, specific to each tissue, exhibiting circadian rhythms in expression. This network of timekeepers underlies homeostatic balance which promotes well-being, while its disruption is associated with poor health and disease.
Flexible Fiber-Optic High-Speed Imaging of Vocal Fold Vibration: A Preliminary Report

Summary Objective High-speed video (HSV) imaging of vocal fold vibration has been possible only through the rigid endoscope. This study reports that a fiberscope-based high-speed imaging system may allow HSV imaging of naturalistic voicing. Materials and methods Twenty-two subjects were recorded using a commercially available black and white high-speed camera (Photron Motion Tools, 256 × 120 pixel, 2000 frames per second, 8 second acquisition time). The camera gain is set to +6 db. The camera is coupled to a standard fiber-optic laryngoscope (Olympus ENF P-4) with a 300-W Xenon light. Image acquisition was done by asking the subject to perform repeated phonation at modal phonation. Video images were processed using commercial video editing and video noise reduction software ( After effects , Magix , and Neat Video 4.1 ). After video processing, the video images were analyzed using digital kymography (DKG). Results The HSV black and white video acquired by the camera is gray and lacks contrast. By adjustment of image contrast, brightness, and gamma and using noise reduction software, the flexible laryngoscopy image can be converted to video image files suitable for DKG and waveform analysis. The increased noise still makes edge tracking for objective analysis difficult, but subjective analysis of DKG plot is possible. Conclusions This is the first report of HSV acquisition in an unsedated patient using a fiberscope. Image enhancement and noise reduction can enhance the HSV to allow extraction of the digital kymogram. Further image enhancement may allow for objective analysis of the vibratory waveform.
Sparrow Fall Mitigation Technology: Its Financial Benefit on Elder Care Facility Profitability

Falls are endemic in elder care facilities. Unacceptably high fall rates in elder care settings have been an intractable health care problem and an extraordinary financial burden for business owners for years. In this paper, we demonstrate the enormous financial impact of falls in a hypothetical 400 resident staffed nursing facility (SNF). Then we confirm that a 50% reduction in fall rates is possible if the facility caregivers can adhere to a 60 minute rounds standard. However, maintaining rounds has also been shown to be extraordinarily difficult. But an answer is emerging. Sparrow, now in clinical evaluation, is providing mobile and busy caregivers the ability to maintain both 60 minute rounds intervals, and log care activity with the tap of a finger. Caregivers can also receive the information they need to maintain awareness about the movement and posture of an unobserved and unattended wheelchair occupant. Thus, fall rate reductions are not a possibility but becoming a reality.
Migrants and Mobile Technology Use: Gaps in the Support Provided by Current Tools

Our current understanding of how migrants use mobile tools to support their communication and language learning is inadequate. This study, therefore, explores the learner-initiated use of technologies to support their comprehension, production, and acquisition of English following migration to Canada. Information about migrant use of technologies and experiences was collected by interviews. The interview data was analysed through the complementary lenses of noticing, from language learning, and appropriation, from human-computer interaction. Combining these lenses enabled the identification of unmet migrant communication, support, and learning needs. The manner in which migrants employed mobile and other tools to facilitate their learning and communication were identified through the application of these theories. This analysis indicates that migrants can use existing tools to access information. However, they need additional support if they are to take full advantage of existing mobile tools. Moreover, there is a need for tools that support larger gaps in their knowledge and skills. Migrant experiences indicate that they need additional social, meta-cognitive, and emotional support. These needs suggest opportunities for creating mobile tools that scaffold the development of new skills that include the learner’s ability to monitor and plan his or her learning and understand language produced by those who speak different varieties of English or who have non-majority accents.
Comparison of methods for the characterization of voids in glass fiber composites

Voids are a concern in composite materials, as they may have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the laminates. Voids may develop especially in low cost or off-optimum process conditi...
Financial management competencies of money managers: bases for household net worth and satisfaction

83 INTRODUCTION 84 PURPOSE 88 METHODOLOGY 89 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 91 Throughput Practices 92 Net Worth 94 Debt Payments-to-Income Ratio 94 Satisfaction 97 CONCLUSIONS 98 REFERENCES 100 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 110 Recommendations for Future Study 113 BIBLIOGRAPHY 115 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 124 APPENDIX. HUMAN SUBJECTS APPROVAL 126
Rapid, molecule-free, in situ rare earth element abundances by SIMS-SSAMS

We present a novel method for rapid and high-sensitivity in situ measurements of the rare earth elements (REEs) by combined secondary ion mass spectrometry and single-stage accelerator mass spectrometry (SIMS-SSAMS). Traditional SIMS can be limited in its REE sensitivity by the presence of abundant molecular isobars, whose discrimination is often beyond the range of high mass resolving power, and which require energy filtering and careful calibration to deconvolve. These greatly reduce sensitivity and require a priori assumption of terrestrial isotope ratios for deconvolution, which precludes the analysis of some nuclear forensic materials and presolar stardust grains. With the SSAMS, molecular background is reduced by 5 to 6 orders of magnitude, precluding the need for energy filtering and/or high mass resolution. We demonstrate measurement of Gd isotopes (6 μmol mol−1) in the presence of a molecular background more than 4 orders of magnitude more intense from a single 15 μm spot in a sample of Madagascar hibonite. From the same spot we can resolve 7 nmol mol−1 of Tm from its comparably large background. Traditional SIMS requires the measurement of 47+ masses over 0.5 to 3 hours to perform REE deconvolution, while we collect full REE abundance patterns from several minerals in 10 to 30 minutes per spot. We observe no instrumental mass fractionation (±1%) in either Gd or Dy isotope ratio measurements of NIST610/612 glass. These improvements in sensitivity and measurement rapidity open important new avenues for REE imaging of samples and analyses of particles, nuclear materials, and mineral inclusions.
Recruitment of GL7+ B cells to the inflamed CNS prior to peripheral germinal center formation (VIR1P.1151)

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation induced by viral infection and autoimmune disease results in the accumulation of various B cell subsets, including antibody secreting cells (ASC). However, temporal dynamics and precursor relationships of B cell subsets between the periphery and the inflamed CNS remain unclear. Encephalomyelitis induced by gliatropic coronavirus JHMV resolves into a persistent CNS infection that is controlled by local humoral immunity. Prior to the accumulation of essential CD138+ ASC, CD138- B cells traffic to the CNS by day 5 post infection (p.i.). Analysis of these early accumulating B cells by flow cytometry shows they comprise several phenotypes, which typically reside within the cervical lymph node (CLN), including naive, activated, germinal center (GC)-like (GL7+), and unswitched memory B cells. B cell activation within the CLN occurs by day 7 p.i., but GC formation is not robust until day 14 p.i.. Unexpectedly, GL7+ B cells are detected within the CNS prior to GC formation. Moreover, in contrast to naive/early activated B cells, which decline in number, GL7+ B cells increase differentially in brain and spinal cord throughout persistence. Maintenance of more differentiated B cell subsets within the CNS suggests either selective ongoing recruitment from the periphery or preferential local CNS maintenance. The lack of evidence for ectopic follicles suggests activated B cells, including GC-like B cells, can be recruited from the CLN.
Examining Capacity and Functioning of Bicycle Coalitions: A Descriptive Study.

Background Bicycle coalitions represent a strong partner in creating bike-friendly communities through advocacy for physical infrastructure, encouragement for biking, or education about safety. Despite their versatility, little is known about their functioning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine capacity, strengths, and weaknesses of these organizations. Methods Bicycle coalitions/advocacy groups from English-speaking countries were recruited to take part in an online survey via email invitation. The survey addressed basic information about the coalition (community demographics, location), leadership, communication strategies, coalition priorities, barriers to programming/activities, and partners. Results Coalitions (n = 56) from four countries completed the survey. Most coalitions operated as a non-profit (n = 44, 95.7%), 45% (n = 21) have paid staff as leaders, while 37% (n = 17) have volunteers as leaders. The following skills were represented in coalitions' leadership: fundraising (n = 31, 53.4%), event planning (n = 31, 53.4%), urban planning (n = 26, 44%), and policy/legislation expertise (n = 26, 44.8%). Education (n = 26, 63.4%) and encouragement (n = 25, 61.6%) were viewed as top priorities and the safety of bicyclists (n = 21, 46.7%) and advocacy for infrastructure and policy (n = 22, 48.9%) is the focus of most activities. A lack of financial resources (n = 36, 81.8%) and capable personnel (n = 25, 56.8%) were significant barriers to offering programming in the community and that the availability of grants to address issues (n = 38, 86.4%) would be the top motivator for improvements. Conclusion Bike coalitions represent a critical partner in creating activity-friendly environments and understanding their capacity allows for creating skill/capacity building intervention programs, development of effective toolkits and fostering strong collaborations to address physical inactivity.
Alcoholism and family factors. A critical review.

This chapter provides a critical review of empirical research in the area of alcoholism and family psychosocial factors. The review describes the early conceptualizations of the alcoholic family system as a unitary phenomenon and summarizes a series of laboratory studies using simulation games that sought to identify salient characteristics of alcoholic family interaction.