cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptation in games

Abstract When agents repeatedly face the same problem, when there is a unique equilibrium, and when other circumstances are favorable, it is commonly supposed that adaptive behavior will lead the agents to the equilibrium. Crawford has presented a striking counterexample in the context of endlessly repeated matrix games. In his model, plausible adaptation leads to endless cycling rather than to the Nash equilibrium. The puzzle is to find adaptive rules which are as plausible as Crawford's rule but which nonetheless lead to the equilibrium. Two solutions to the puzzle are proposed, one based on forecasting considerations and one based on satisficing.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Maintenance Immunosuppression With Rapid Discontinuation of Prednisone in Adult Kidney Transplantation

Rapid discontinuation of prednisone (RDP) has minimized steroid-related complications following kidney transplant (KT). This trial compares long-term (10-year) outcomes with three different maintenance immunosuppressive protocols following RDP in adult KT. Recipients (n = 440; 73% living donor) from March 2001 to April 2006 were randomized into one of three arms: cyclosporine (CSA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (CSA/MMF, n = 151); high-level tacrolimus (TAC, 8–12 μg/L) and low-level sirolimus (SIR, 3–7 μg/L) (TACH/SIRL, n = 149) or low-level TAC (3–7 μg/L) and high-level SIR (8–12 μg/L) (TACL/SIRH, n = 140). Median follow-up was ∼7 years. There were no differences between arms in 10-year actuarial patient, graft and death-censored graft survival or in allograft function. There were no differences in the 10-year actuarial rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection (30%, 26% and 20% in CSA/MMF, TACH/SIRL and TACL/SIRH) and chronic rejection (38%, 35% and 31% in CSA/MMF, TACH/SIRL and TACL/SIRH). Rates of new-onset diabetes mellitus were higher with TACH/SIRL (p = 0.04), and rates of anemia were higher with TACH/SIRL and TACL/SIRH (p = 0.04). No differences were found in the overall rates of 16 other post-KT complications. These data indicate that RDP-based protocol yield acceptable 10-year outcomes, but side effects differ based on the maintenance regimen used and should be considered when optimizing immunosuppression following RDP.
Advocacy for the “Abandonados”: Harnessing Cultural Beliefs for Latino Families and Their Children With Intellectual Disabilities

Community services and supports for children with intellectual disabilities (ID) can ameliorate the negative effects of caregiving and enhance child outcomes. For example, in Central and South America, many children with disabilities are institutionalized with inadequate sanitation and medical care. In the United States, certain demographic factors (e.g., poverty, limited access to healthcare, language barriers, and immigrant status) contribute to the underdiagnosis and poor-quality treatment of Latino families and their children with ID, thus limiting their access to effective community and family supports. This paper utilizes a cultural lens to target advocacy as a mechanism for improving access to local community services and social supports for children with ID. The author examines specific cultural beliefs regarding family support and child development among Latino families, and provides policy recommendations derived from these cultural beliefs that aim to enhance advocacy efforts among Latino caregivers. The author notes that effective advocacy, at the family and at the policy level, can be a useful tool to access crucial community and social supports that enhance child and family outcomes.
The initial instability and finite-amplitude stability of alternate bars in straight channels

Abstract The initial instability and fully developed stability of alternate bars in straight channels are investigated using linearized and nonlinear analyses. The fundamental instability leading to these features is identified through a linear stability analysis of the equations governing the flow and sediment transport fields. This instability is explained in terms of topographically induced steering of the flow and the associated pattern of erosion and deposition on the bed. While the linear theory is useful for examining the instability mechanism, this approach is shown to yield relatively little information about well-developed alternate bars and, specifically, the linear analysis is shown to yield poor predictions of the fully developed bar wavelength. A fully nonlinear approach is presented that permits computation of the evolution of these bed features from an initial perturbation to their fully developed morphology. This analysis indicates that there is typically substantial elongation of the bar wavelength during the evolution process, a result that is consistent with observations of bar development in flumes and natural channels. The nonlinear approach demonstrates that the eventual stability of these features is a result of the interplay between topographic steering effects, secondary flow production as a result of streamline curvature, and gravitationally induced modifications of sediment fluxes over a sloping bed.
The compressibility of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide at low pressures

A modified Edwards density balance was used to measure compressibility of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide at pressures under 2.0 atm. and over a temperature range of −30° to 75°C. Second virial coefficients were calculated for the temperatures covered in this investigation and compared with data presented in the literature for both gases. The compressibility data are estimated to be accurate within ±0.10% of the actual compressibility factor.
Biofilm structural forms utilized in bioremediation of organic compounds

Various biofilm structural forms were observed and characterized in sand columns simulating groundwater aquifer conditions. The mixed microbial community utilized toluene as a sole carbon source. Sand column experiments were conducted with a linear flow velocity of 5.3 m/d and toluene feed concentration of 6 mg/L. Sand columns attained a pseudo steady-state profile for bulk liquid toluene concentration prior to biofilm characterization. Profiles of viable biomass, carbohydrate, and bulk liquid toluene concentration were obtained at 5 cm intervals from 0 to 15 cm depth. Biofilm structural forms were observed using scanning confocal laser microscopy in flow cells that duplicated conditions in the sand columns. The following classes of viable biofilm structures were observed: thin uniform films, protrusions extending from the biofilm, and thin strands of cell aggregates bridging sand grains. Viable biomass profiles indicated approximately 45 percent of the biomass was weakly attached to sand grains versus firmly attached growth held on sand grain surfaces. Biofilm structural forms provided insight into distribution of viable bacteria during aquifer bioremediation and identified opportunities for engineered processes to modify biofilm structures for the optimization of hydrophobic organic compound bioremediation in groundwater aquifers.
Critical phenomena studied via nuclear techniques

Since pioneering NMR studies of magnetic critical phenomena in MnF2 by Heller, a range of hyperfine techniques, particularly Mossbauer effect and perturbed angular correlations, have been successfully applied to the problem. When optimally designed, these methods provide experimental approaches that are in some ways more successful than magnetic neutron scattering. Although the number of hyperfine results now number in the hundreds, only a few are sufficiently asymptotic to provide clearcut tests of theory. In this paper we outline the theoretical framework used to describe the modern theory of critical phenomena, discuss the strengths and weakness of various experimental methods, and provide a selection of the best experiments that test the theory. Whereas we emphasize hyperfine interaction studies, we also describe the principles and results of other methods where appropriate. Particular topics include: (1) static critical phenomena in chemically ordered systems studied as a function ofn andd, the spin and lattice dimensionality; (2) static critical phenomena in magnetically disordered systems studied as a function of the type of disorder; and (3) dynamic critical phenomena in chemically ordered systems.
Teaching writing and research as inseparable: A faculty‐librarian teaching team

Arizona State University (ASU) West is a new, upper division undergraduate and graduate campus serving western Maricopa County and metropolitan Phoenix. The students are typically working adults from the community who come from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Most are drawn from the local community colleges, where they complete their first two years of college before entering ASU West.
Inquiry into Educational Administration: The Last Twenty-Five Years and the Next.

Some trends in thought and research over the past 25 years in educational administration are explored. Then some suggestions concerning work that could become part of the research agenda during the next 25 years are presented.
A comparison of the scalp kinetics in scalp-lifting with and without an intact occipital neurovascular bundle.

background This paper compares the scalp kinetics of the scalp-lifting procedures with and without an intact occipital neurovascular bundle. objective The objective of this paper is to perform lateral scalp-lifts and observe if an intact occipital neurovascular bundle hampers the amount of scalp advancement. methods Ten consecutive patients had lateral scalp-lifts performed without severing the occipital neurovascular bundle. Advancements were then measured at three points (mid-posterior, above the pinna, and at the temporal recession). The occipital neurovascular bundle was then divided, and the same measurements were made. results An intact occipital neurovascular bundle impeded the amount of advancement that could be accomplished with scalp-lifting. The anterior vector was primarily affected. conclusion In light of the finding that an intact occipital neurovascular hampers the amount of advancement with scalp-lifting, the surgeon must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches (prior division of occipital neurovascular bundles versus leaving the bundles intact) when deciding upon the appropriate approach for the given patient.
Rapidly exploring structural and dynamic properties of signaling networks using PathwayOracle.

Background In systems biology the experimentalist is presented with a selection of software for analyzing dynamic properties of signaling networks. These tools either assume that the network is in steady-state or require highly parameterized models of the network of interest. For biologists interested in assessing how signal propagates through a network under specific conditions, the first class of methods does not provide sufficiently detailed results and the second class requires models which may not be easily and accurately constructed. A tool that is able to characterize the dynamics of a signaling network using an unparameterized model of the network would allow biologists to quickly obtain insights into a signaling network's behavior.
Theory of critical point scattering and correlations. III. The Ising model below T c and in a field

Power-series expansions of the spin-pair correlation functions of the square, sc, and bcc Ising lattices have been obtained using the semi-invariant approach for general field $H$ and temperature $T$. In three dimensions P\'ade-approximant analyses indicate $2{v}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1.285\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$, in agreement with scaling, but $2{v}^{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.835\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ which is some (1-3)% above the scaling prediction ${v}^{c}=\frac{v}{\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\delta}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.823$. However, ratio techniques reveal that this discrepancy can be attributed to significant confluent critical singularities. Cubic and quintic parametric representations of the critical equation of state, and corresponding expressions for the correlation length, ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{1}(H, T)$, are developed, which are considerable improvements over the linear model. The universality and spherical symmetry of the critical scattering intensity $\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\chi}}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, H, T)$ is confirmed to within (1-2)% by estimating suitable invariant combinations of amplitudes. The deviations from Ornstein-Zernike theory for general $H$ and $T$ are found to be considerably greater than for $H=0$, $Tg{T}_{c}$. Complete parametric scaling representations of $\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\chi}}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, H, T)$ are developed for three dimensions; corresponding scaling approximants are constructed in two dimensions but only for $T={T}_{c}$ and for $T\ensuremath{\gtrless}{T}_{c}$ with $H=0$.
The World Wide Web as a Unique Teaching Tool for Pediatrics |[bull]| 1929

Medical School graduates entering residency today have nearly universal access to the internet. At the same time, the volume of medical information on the World Wide Web (WEB) is growing exponentially. We developed a series of lectures to teach residents basic issues in the management of acutely ill pediatric patients. We hypothesized that placing this information on the WEB would 1) be well received by residents and other medical professionals, and 2) allow more widespread distribution of teaching files to other institutions.Methods: Our group developed lectures covering Acute Pediatric Care and Pulmonology topics. These lectures were converted to a WEB viewable format(HTML language), including tables, diagrams and X-rays, and placed on our department's WEB server. Portable Document Format (PDF™Adobe) versions of the Acute Care series were also made and placed on the WEB. Residents at our institution were notified about the availability of the information on the WEB through numerous methods, including comments in lectures, e-mail and direct mailings. In order to make other medical professionals aware of these sites the WEB sites were listed on several large medical link listings, including Pediatric Points of Interest, PedsCCM and Medical Matrix, and submitted to popular search engines. Counters were placed on the index pages to allow documentation of the number of visitors to the WEB sites. A feedback form was included on the WEB sites allowing visitors to return comments about the site to us. An extensive search using multiple search engines was performed to look for similar sites. Results: The WEB sites average approximately 100 visits per week. Comments have been universally positive regarding the site and the content of the WEB sites. There were visitors to the WEB sites from many states and several international locations. Our WEB search found few similar collections of lecture outlines.Discussion: The World Wide Web is a unique and easily accessible tool for teaching pediatric topics to residents and other health care professionals. The ability of the WEB to incorporate multimedia presentations allows incorporation of videos, radiographic studies and other dynamic tools that will make the WEB an even more effective teaching tool.
Enhancement of the Response of T–l Human Kidney Cells to Thyroidal Hormones by Diminishing Serum Content of the Growth Medium

As characterized by mean doubling time (Td) and plating efficiency, the growth of the T–l human kidney cell line has been shown previously to be affected by the introduction of T4 and T3 to the growth medium. Reducing the content of fetal bovine serum (FBS) from 10 to 2.5% of the medium prolongs Td (from 22.6 to 37.8 hr) and depresses PE (from 80.3 to 29.5%). Diminution of the serum concentration, also, augments profoundly the sensitivity to and specificity for these thyroidal hormones. Thus, the addition of 4.45 X 1 0- 7M of T3 to T–l cells incubated in 2.5% FBS medium reduced Td to 26.5 hr, a relative shortening of 42.4%. If a relative mean rise of 10% in PE is taken as the minimum discernible, T–l cells grown in 2.5% FBS respond to as little as 2.5 X 10-9M for T4 or 2.0 X 1 0-10M for T3. Similarly performed tests for specificity (by introducing 4.45 X 10-6M for each of the substances evaluated) indicated that DIT was very potent, MIT considerably less so, and tyrosine, leucine, and iodide had nearly no...
Intentional burning: A severe form of child abuse

Intentional burning is a severe form of child abuse. During a three year period, 25 abused children were admitted to the burn unit of the Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. They represented 8% of all burned children admitted during this period. Four of the 25 are dead. The hallmarks of intentional burning include a story which does not explain the wound, previous or coexistant injuries, specific burn patterns and characteristic behavior of parents and children. Suspected cases must be reported, the child protected and the parents helped. Child abuse tends to be repeated with progressively severe attacks, often ending in death.
Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 that was signed into law as part of the “stimulus package” represents the largest US initiative to date that is designed to encourage widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs). In light of the changes anticipated from this policy initiative, the purpose of this paper is to review and summarize the literature on the benefits and drawbacks of EHR systems. Much of the literature has focused on key EHR functionalities, including clinical decision support systems, computerized order entry systems, and health information exchange. Our paper describes the potential benefits of EHRs that include clinical outcomes (eg, improved quality, reduced medical errors), organizational outcomes (eg, financial and operational benefits), and societal outcomes (eg, improved ability to conduct research, improved population health, reduced costs). Despite these benefits, studies in the literature highlight drawbacks associated with EHRs, which include the high upfront acquisition costs, ongoing maintenance costs, and disruptions to workflows that contribute to temporary losses in productivity that are the result of learning a new system. Moreover, EHRs are associated with potential perceived privacy concerns among patients, which are further addressed legislatively in the HITECH Act. Overall, experts and policymakers believe that significant benefits to patients and society can be realized when EHRs are widely adopted and used in a “meaningful” way.
Investigation of the protonation of triethylenetetramine by means of a glass electrode

Abstract A quantitative study by means of a glass pH electrode was made of the successive protonation of triethylenetramine(trien), in the pH range 2.0–12.0 at 25°C for unit ionic strength (KNO 3 ). The successive acidity constants of fully protonated H 4 trien 4+ were found to be 10 −3.97 , 10 −7.12 , 10 −9.49 and 10 −10.14 .
Exosome secretion is enhanced by invadopodia and drives invasive behavior.

Unconventional secretion of exosome vesicles from multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) occurs across a broad set of systems and is reported to be upregulated in cancer, where it promotes aggressive behavior. However, regulatory control of exosome secretion is poorly understood. Using cancer cells, we identified specialized invasive actin structures called invadopodia as specific and critical docking and secretion sites for CD63- and Rab27a-positive MVEs. Thus, inhibition of invadopodia formation greatly reduced exosome secretion into conditioned media. Functionally, addition of purified exosomes or inhibition of exosome biogenesis or secretion greatly affected multiple invadopodia life cycle steps, including invadopodia formation, stabilization, and exocytosis of proteinases, indicating a key role for exosome cargoes in promoting invasive activity and providing in situ signaling feedback. Exosome secretion also controlled cellular invasion through three-dimensional matrix. These data identify a synergistic interaction between invadopodia biogenesis and exosome secretion and reveal a fundamental role for exosomes in promoting cancer cell invasiveness.
Smart insole: a wearable system for gait analysis

Gait analysis is an important medical diagnostic process and has many applications in rehabilitation, therapy and exercise training. However, standard human gait analysis has to be performed in a specific gait lab and operated by a medical professional. This traditional method increases the examination cost and decreases the accuracy of the natural gait model. In this paper, we present a novel portable system, called Smart Insole, to address the current issues. Smart Insole integrates low cost sensors and computes important gait features. In this way, patients or users can wear Smart Insole for gait analysis in daily life instead of participating in gait lab experiments for hours. With our proposed portable sensing system and effective feature extraction algorithm, the Smart Insole system enables precise gait analysis. Furthermore, taking advantage of the affordability and mobility of Smart Insole, pervasive gait analysis can be extended to many potential applications such as fall prevention, life behavior analysis and networked wireless health systems.
Electrodeposition of Molydenum Alloys from Aqueous Solutions

Nickel‐molybdenum, cobalt‐molybdenum, and iron‐molybdenum alloys have been electrodeposited from aqueous solutions containing sodium molybdate, the sulfate of the codeposited metal, sodium citrate, and ammonium hydroxide. Typical baths were made up with 0.3 M/1 of the codepositing metal sulfate, 0.3 M/1 of sodium citrate, varying amounts of sodium molybdate, and ammonium hydroxide to pH about 10.5. The maximum amount of molybdenum in the electrodeposited alloys depends on the alloying metal. When a typical bath was used, nickel alloys were found to contain up to 20% molybdenum, cobalt alloys contained up to 40% molybdenum, and iron alloys contained about 50% molybdenum. The cathode current efficiency in the above cases ranged from 75–85% for the nickel‐molybdenum bath, 50–60% for cobalt‐molybdenum, and 10–20% for iron‐molybdenum. The effects of pH, concentration, temperature, and cathode current density on cathode current efficiency and alloy composition were studied.These electrodeposited molybdenum alloys were metallic and either bright or light gray in appearance, with a large number of cracks in the bright deposits. Adherence of the deposit to well‐cleaned flat cathodes seemed to be good, but adherence to tubing or rods was poor; usually these deposits could be brushed off in flake or powder form.
Histidine decarboxylase in the transplantable argyrophilic gastric carcinoid of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis.

Abstract A transplantable argyrophilic gastric carcinoid of Praomys ( Mastomys ) natalensis contained appreciable activities of specific histidine decarboxylase and aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase which may relate to the inherent properties of its parent cells, probably histamine-containing argyrophil cells distributed in the gastric mucosa. Specific histidine decarboxylase free from aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase was purified 10-fold by acid plus heat treatment and subsequent ammonium sulfate precipitation; it was not essentially different from that prepared from other mammalian sources.
The Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 Kinase Pathway Facilitates Differential GADD45a Expression in Response to Environmental Stress

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2) regulates general and gene-specific translation in response to diverse environmental stresses. Central to gene expression induced by eIF2 phosphorylation is the preferential translation of ATF4, a basic zipper transcription activator. Phosphorylation of eIF2 and its attendant induction of ATF4 can lead to different patterns of gene expression depending on the environmental stress. This is of fundamental importance because eIF2 kinases can induce the expression of genes involved in survival as well as in apoptosis. In this report, we explore the molecular basis for why there can be differential expression of GADD45a, a stress-responsive protein that regulates genome stability, apoptosis, and immune responses. We find that whereas ATF4 is required for GADD45a transcription during many different environmental stresses, GADD45a protein accumulates only during a limited number of stress arrangements. The basis for this difference between measurable GADD45a mRNA and protein lies in the observation that GADD45a protein is labile. Those stress agents that enhance ATF4-directed GADD45a transcription and impede the turnover of GADD45a protein by blocking ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation elevate GADD45a protein levels. By comparison, those stress arrangements that trigger ATF4 levels and GADD45a transcription, but do not perturb the proteasome pathway, only elevate GADD45a mRNA levels. This study highlights the molecular mechanisms by which environmental stresses can differentially control central regulatory proteins targeted by the eIF2 kinase pathway.
Locus equations as an index of coarticulation for place of articulation distinctions in children.

Locus equations were investigated as a phonetic index for children’ s production of stop + vowel tokens. Locus equations are straight-line regression fits to data points formed by plotting onsets o...
The role of primary care non-physician clinic staff in e-mail communication with patients.

Abstract Background: Few studies have explicitly addressed how e-mail technology may affect non-physician clinic staff, even though these staff typically manage tasks well suited to e-mail communication such as requests for prescription renewals, laboratory and test results, and referral authorizations. Goal: We conducted a survey of staff members at 10 primary care clinics in Boston to further evaluate non-physician staff attitudes towards e-mail use with patients. We subsequently re-surveyed staff at three of these clinics after the implementation of Patient Gateway , an application designed to facilitate secure electronic communication between patients and the clinics. Results: Before Patient Gateway implementation, 88% of surveyed staff were already using e-mail at least once a day for work-related communication. Many of these staff members (24%) were already using e-mail with patients. Forty-eight percent of staff members thought that increasing e-mail use with patients could improve the quality of care their practices delivered. However, staff reported having some hesitations about increasing e-mail use with patients, mostly relating to security, confidentiality, and workload. After Patient Gateway implementation, users reported high satisfaction with the application and staff in general (users and non-users of Patient Gateway ) felt more enthusiastic about increasing e-mail use with patients. Conclusions: In order to maximize the potential of staff–patient e-mail, it is important that concerns relating to security, confidentiality, and workflow are addressed, and patients must be given guidelines for the appropriate use of e-mail. Secure applications designed with these issues in mind are likely to be well received by staff members, and in turn physicians.
APPROACH-AVOIDANCE CONFLICT: II. ROLE OF OLFACTORY CUES

24 naive hooded rats were employed in a 2 × 2 factorial comparison of anosmic versus non-anosmic and obstruction versus non-obstruction conditions. Comparisons were made in terms of speed-of-locomotion toward a goal area. After all Ss had received a series of successive reinforced approach-training trials, several untrained rats were placed in the goal box and subjected to foot shock. 9 min. later the shocked rats were removed, and previously designated groups of trained rats were given additional approach trials. A non-shocked group of untrained rats was placed in the maze and removed after 9 min. as the non-obstruction condition. Thus anosmic and sham-operated rats were compared before and after untrained rats occupied the goal box. Analysis of speed-of-locomotion scores showed the non-anosmic group had a significant reduction in speed-of-approach following occupancy by the shocked untrained rats. None of the other three groups showed a similar change in the previously established speed-of-approach. Fro...
The structure of two alanine containing ferrichromes: Sequence determination by proton magnetic resonance

Metal coordination confers an extraordinary structural stability to the ferrichromes which, independent of their variable amino acid composition, results in a basically unperturbed conformation for all the homologous peptides in the series. The proton magnetic resonance (pmr) characteristics for Al3+ analogues (alumichromes) reflect this conformational isomorphism in usual solvents so that single site substitutions are clearly recognized in the pmr spectra. Thus, the substitution of glycine byl-alanine orl-serine introduce new resonances characteristic of the sidechains and alter the pattern of the amide NH pmr region in that doublets substitute for glycyl triplets at the same site. Since for glycine- andl-serine-containing alumichromes the resonances have already been identified, it is possible to unequivocally establish the primary structure of the twol-alanyl homologues ferrichrome C (\((|\overline { - Gly^3 - Ala^2 - Gly^1 } \mathop - \limits^ \leftarrow \overline {Orn^2 - Orn^1 - } |)\)) and sake colorant A (\((|\overline { - Ser^3 - Ala^2 - Gly^1 } \mathop - \limits^ \leftarrow \overline {Orn^3 - Orn^2 - Orn^1 - } |)\)) on the basis of the comparative pmr spectra of their Al3+ analogues, namely, alumichrome C and alumisake. The resonance assignment, and hence the site occupancy, is substantiated by the temperature coefficients of the NH chemical shifts, rates of1H-2H exchange and homonuclear proton spin decoupling experiments centered on the NH spectral region. Occupancy of site 1 by a glycine residue is observed for all known ferrichromes, which serves to conserve a “hairpin” turn. This method of obtaining sequence information should prove of general use for other systems of homologous polypeptides, provided their conformations are not affected by the residue substitutions.
Gaucher's disease: report of 11 cases with review of literature

Gaucher's disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder due to glucocerebrosidase deficiency; it's one of the rare genetic diseases for which therapy is now available. The purpose of this work is to study the epidemiological features of the disease and to highlight the diagnostic difficulties. We performed an 11-year retrospective study of 11 patients with GD followed-up in the department of paediatric hepatology gastroenterology and nutrition of Rabat children's Hospital. We observed 11 patients with GD: 6 males and 5 females. Age at onset ranged from 3 months to 10 years with an average of 3.41 years. Mean age at diagnosis was 4 years (range 3 months-14 years). Parental consanguinity was noted in 85% cases. According to the clinical presentation, we classified our patients into: 9 cases of type 1 (81%) and two cases of type 2 (19%), none of the patients presented GD type 3. GD type 1: The age at diagnosis ranged from 2 years to 14 year with an average of 6 years. Main symptoms were: splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, pallor, haemorrhagic appearance (40%), bone pain (40%). The diagnosis was based on histology showing the Gaucher's cells in various tissues (100%). Enzymatic activity dosage confirmed the diagnosis of GD for 4 patients (44.5%). The treatment was always symptomatic (analgesics, transfusion). A splenectomy was performed in one case presenting with multiple splenic abscesses and high transfusion requirements. None of the patients received a specific treatment (substitutive enzymotherapy). The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 6 years with an average follow-up of 4 years. We noticed stability in 4 cases, 2 worsening cases with bone and spleen complications. Three patients were lost to follow-up. GD type 2: we observed two cases of GD type 2 diagnosed at 3 and 18 months. The visceral symptoms were serious and the neurological features included seizures, hypertony, squint, physical developmental milestones delay. Both of them died. Gaucher's disease is not exceptional in Morocco. Type 1 is the most common type. We noted through this study some diagnostic difficulties as the diagnosis was delayed and the enzymatic dosage was performed in only 42% of the cases as well as therapeutic difficulty with no prescription of the specific treatment given the high cost of the enzyme.
Speech perception, vocabulary, and the development of reading skills in english among Korean- and English-speaking children.

This study examined the roles of speech perception and phonological processing in reading and spelling acquisition for native and nonnative speakers of English in the 1st grade. The performance of 50 children (23 native English speakers and 27 native Korean speakers) was examined on tasks assessing reading and spelling, phonological processing, speech perception, and receptive vocabulary at the start and end of the school year. Korean-speaking children outperformed native English speakers on each of the literacy measures at the start and end of 1st grade, despite differences in their initial phonological representations and processing skills. Furthermore, speech perception and phonological processing were important contributors to early literacy skills, independent of oral language skills, for children from both language groups.
A statistical analysis of the social behavior of the male stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides).

The social behavior of male stumptail macaques was analyzed in terms of behavioral sequences recorded during paired encounters in a large test cage. Recurrent patterns of behavioral sequences were sought and used to hypothesize the structure of motivational systems of social behavior as has been done previously for other species. In addition to traditional statistical analyses to determine which dyadic behavioral sequences were nonrandom, there were several methodological innovations. Instead of analyzing behavior as a single channel of communications, we analyzed three independent channels and considered their inter-correlations: 1) acts and postures; 2) vocalizations; and 3) facial expressions. Also, we analyzed not only within-animal behavioral sequences but between-animal sequences as well. Results were derived from 40 tests, most of which included vigorous agonistic and sexual interactions and a behavioral repertoire similar to that of adult male stumptail macaques observed by previous investigators. There were 30 acts and postures, eight facial expressions, and seven vocalizations that occurred more than five times. Many acts and postures occurred in nonrandom sequences, 43 such sequences within-animal and 40 between-animal. From these sequences and their correlations with specific vocalizations and facial expressions, it was possible to differentiate six categories of social behavior that may correspond to six different motivational systems: offense, defense, submission, groom and contact, male sexual behavior, and display. Both the frequency of behaviors in each category and the nature of the behavioral sequences were affected by the relative dominance of the two animals.
Properties of baryonic, electric and strangeness chemical potentials and some of their consequences in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract Analytic expressions are given for the baryonic, electric and strangeness chemical potentials which explicitly show the importance of various terms. Simple scaling relations connecting these chemical potentials are found. Applications to particle ratios and to fluctuations and related thermal properties such as the isothermal compressibility κ T are illustrated. A possible divergence of κ T is discussed.
Myosin light chain kinase and pulmonary responses after acute ethanol exposure and burn injury

Myosin light chain kinase and pulmonary responses after acute ethanol exposure and burn injury Anita Zahs, Luis Ramirez, Melanie D. Bird, Jerrold R. Turner and Elizabeth J. Kovacs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Program, Department of Surgery, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL USA, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL USA, Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL USA, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Mn oxide coated catalytic membranes for hybrid ozonation-membrane filtration: Membrane microstructural characterization

Abstract Ceramic ultrafiltration membranes were coated with the hydrated MnO2 using a novel layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Ozonation of MnCl2 was used to prepare the MnO2 nanoparticles used in the LbL procedure. The coated membranes were then sintered in air at 500 °C for 45 min. Upon sintering, the MnO2 was converted to α-Mn2O3 (as characterized by selected area diffraction of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD)). The surface layer was uneven and tended to increase in thickness with increasing number of coatings. The presence of Mn throughout the membrane after sintering indicated that the nanoparticles used to coat the membrane penetrated into the filter and/or residual Mn2+ ions in the coating suspension were sorbed onto the filter and subsequently oxidized to form manganese oxide. The manganese oxide surface layer acted as a catalyst for the oxidation of suspended and dissolved organic carbon when the membrane was used in a combined ozonation-membrane filtration system treating natural water. This catalytic activity manifested itself as improved recovery of the permeate flux due to the oxidation of organic foulants that deposited on the membrane surface.
Understanding Enhanced Boiling With Triton X Surfactants

Heat transfer performance in pool boiling is largely dictated by bubble growth, departure, and number of nucleation sites. It is a well known phenomenon that adding surfactants can lower the liquid-vapor surface tension and increase the bubble departure frequency, thereby enhancing heat transfer. In addition to faster departure rates, surfactants are observed to dramatically increase the number of nucleation sites, which cannot be explained by simple surface tension arguments. Furthermore, it is not well understood which surfactant properties such as chemical composition and molecular structure affect boiling most significantly. From our experiments using Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 nonionic surfactants, we attribute boiling enhancement mainly to adsorption to the solid-liquid interface. Using the Mikic-Rohsenow model for boiling, a simple linear adsorption model, and the Cassie-Baxter description for contact angle, we developed a model that shows agreement with experimental results. This work offers some insights on how to predict boiling enhancement based on surfactant chemistry alone, which may aid in choosing optimal surfactants for boiling in the future.© 2013 ASME
The mean meridional circulation of the southern hemisphere inferred from momentum and mass balance

The mean meridional circulation for the southern hemisphere is inferred from momentum and mass balance considerations. Recent calculations by Obasi of the transient eddy transports of momentum and the mean zonal flow are the only data used. The vertical eddy transports are taken into account only in the surface layers, where the stress is assumed to decrease linearly with pressure from its surface value. The surface stresses themselves are calculated from the pressure integral of the momentum equation, and by a short iteration process the effect of horizontal transport of momentum by the mean meridional circulation is taken into account. The resulting circulation is self consistent, needing only very small corrections to eliminate mass “drifts” across latitude circles, contrary to most direct measurements. The characteristic three cell pattern is very evident. The circulation is compared to that found in a somewhat similar manner by Mintz and Lang for the northern hemisphere. The winter circulations are found to be rather similar, but the polar direct cell is much stronger in the southern hemisphere. In the summer season the southern hemisphere circulation is much stronger. The kinetic energy balance for the southern hemisphere is briefly considered. Given our assumptions about the vertical eddy fluxes of momentum, about half the kinetic energy fed into the mean flow by the horizontal transient eddies is extracted by the mean meridional motion. The other half is dissipated near the surface. In each season, energy balance is achieved to within 3%, verifying the consistency of the calculations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1965.tb01419.x
Extending Slender Wing Theory to Not So Slender Wings

choice of reference system, are described. It is demonstrated how the MFP-axis formulation introducessingularities in the EOM. The singularities are identi ed, and the effect of their removal is shown in a numerical application. The conclusion is that the body-axis formulation generally leads to a more accurate solution. As part of the current investigation, equations were derived for the steady-state limits of common motion variables. These limits are not affected by the variousmodeling techniquesdiscussedhere.
Confidence Bounds and Power for the Reliability of Observational Measures on the Quality of a Social Setting

Social scientists are frequently interested in assessing the qualities of social settings such as classrooms, schools, neighborhoods, or day care centers. The most common procedure requires observers to rate social interactions within these settings on multiple items and then to combine the item responses to obtain a summary measure of setting quality. A key aspect of the quality of such a summary measure is its reliability. In this paper we derive a confidence interval for reliability, a test for the hypothesis that the reliability meets a minimum standard, and the power of this test against alternative hypotheses. Next, we consider the problem of using data from a preliminary field study of the measurement procedure to inform the design of a later study that will test substantive hypotheses about the correlates of setting quality. The preliminary study is typically called the “generalizability study” or “G study” while the later, substantive study is called the “decision study” or “D study.” We show how to use data from the G study to estimate reliability, a confidence interval for the reliability, and the power of tests for the reliability of measurement produced under alternative designs for the D study. We conclude with a discussion of sample size requirements for G studies.
Heritability and genome-wide association analysis of renal sinus fat accumulation in the Framingham Heart Study

Ectopic fat accumulation in the renal sinus is associated with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. The genetic contributions to renal sinus fat accumulation in humans have not been well characterized. The present analysis consists of participants from the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation who underwent computed tomography; renal sinus fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were quantified. Renal sinus fat was natural log transformed and sex- and cohort-specific residuals were created, adjusted for (1) age, (2) age and body mass index (BMI), and (3) age and VAT. Residuals were pooled and used to calculate heritability using variance-components analysis in SOLAR. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for renal sinus fat was performed using an additive model with approximately 2.5 million imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, we identified the associations of renal sinus fat in our GWAS results with validated SNPs for renal function (n = 16), BMI (n = 32), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, n = 14), and applied a multi-SNP genetic risk score method to determine if the SNPs for each renal and obesity trait were in aggregate associated with renal sinus fat. The heritability of renal sinus fat was 39% (p < 0.0001); results were not materially different after adjustment for BMI (39%) or VAT (40%). No SNPs reached genome-wide significance in our GWAS. In our candidate gene analysis, we observed nominal, direction consistent associations with renal sinus fat for one SNP associated with renal function (p = 0.01), two associated with BMI (p < 0.03), and two associated with WHR (p < 0.03); however, none remained significant after accounting for multiple testing. Finally, we observed that in aggregate, the 32 SNPs associated with BMI were nominally associated with renal sinus fat (multi-SNP genetic risk score p = 0.03). Renal sinus fat is a heritable trait, even after accounting for generalized and abdominal adiposity. This provides support for further research into the genetic determinants of renal sinus fat. While our study was underpowered to detect genome-wide significant loci, our candidate gene BMI risk score results suggest that variability in renal sinus fat may be associated with SNPs previously known to be associated with generalized adiposity.
Growth, respiration and caloric content of larvae of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen consumption, growth, caloric content and ash content were determined for laboratory-cultured larvae of the giant Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. 2. 2. Oxygen consumption was nearly proportional to body size (dry wt), the relation being described by log O2 = 1.54 + 0.904 log W. 3. 3. Growth was exponential, with a specific growth rate of 0.084. 4. 4. Caloric content ranged from 6617 cal/g ash-free dry wt at hatch to 5048 cal/g ash-free dry wt for Stage 8 larvae. 5. 5. Ash content decreased from about 21% of dry wt at hatch to about 14% for Stage 8 larvae.
Design of a UV oxidation system for treatment of TCE-contaminated groundwater

Several design issues were encountered by EPA and Metcalf & Eddy during the design of a UV oxidation system for treatment of TCE-contaminated groundwater at the Groveland Wells Superfund Site. The issues included: (1) the need to execute treatability studies of the UV oxidation technology, as required by the Record of Decision, to provide data needed to develop a more accurate design and cost estimate; (2) the need to evaluate pretreatment options for removal of inorganics prior to UV oxidation, both to minimize maintenance problems and to ensure that applicable discharge limits for metals would be met; (3) the need to evaluate measures for ensuring that residual oxidant(s) in the effluent from the UV oxidation system would not cause the effluent to exceed toxicity limits for discharge to surface water, and (4) the need to develop a performance specification for the UV oxidation system which would ensure fair competition among vendors of UV oxidation systems, while also ensuring that EPA would receive a system which was cost-efficient and able to meet discharge limits. Metcalf & Eddy competitively procured a UV oxidation vendor to perform bench-scale treatability studies on site groundwater and designed a pretreatment system consisting of an equalization tank, inclined plate clarifier, and dual media filters. The specification for the UV oxidation system was written to allow the UV oxidation vendor maximum flexibility while still ensuring that discharge limits for VOCs of concern and toxicity are met. The specification allows for the use of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or a combination of the two as the oxidant and requires that the effluent not exceed toxicity limits. The vendor is allowed to meet toxicity limits either by using oxidant concentrations that result in a non-toxic residual, or by installing a module to reduce residual oxidant concentration(s) to non-toxic levels before discharge. This approach allows the vendor to use process alternatives that result in an overall system which minimizes costs.