cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypervalent compounds as ligands: I3-anion adducts with transition metal pentacarbonyls.

Just a couple of transition metal complexes of the familiar triiodide anion are known. To investigate the bonding in these, as well as isomeric possibilities, we examined theoretically adducts of I3 − with model organometallic fragments, (Cr(CO)5) and (Mn(CO)5) + . Bonding energy computations were augmented by a Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) perturbation theory analysis and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA). The bonding between I3 − and the organometallic fragment is substantial, especially for the electrostati- cally driven anion−cation case. "End-on" coordination is favored by 5−13 kcal/mol over "side-on" (to the central I of I3 − ), with a ∼10 kcal/mol barrier for isomerization. A developing asymmetry in the I−I bonding of "end-on" coordinated I3 − led us to consider in some detail the obvious fragmentation to a coordinated I − and free I2. While the signs of incipient fragmentation in that direction are there, these is a definite advantage to maintaining some I − to I2 bonding in triiodide complexes.
Modeling Fermi Level Effects in Atomistic Simulations

In this work, variations in electron potential are incorporated into a Kinetic Lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) simulator and applied to dopant diffusion in silicon. To account for the effect of dopants, the charge redistribution induced by an external point charge immersed in an electron (hole) sea is solved numerically using the quantum perturbation method. The local carrier concentrations are then determined by summing contributions from all ionized dopant atoms and charged point defects, from which the Fermi level of the system is derived by the Boltzmann equation. KLMC simulations with incorporated Fermi level effects are demonstrated for charged point defect concentration as a function of Fermi level, coupled diffusion phenomenon and field effect on doping fluctuations.
What is the future role of pharmacologists in the pharmaceutical industry

There have been enormous advances in medicine during the 75 years since the British Pharmacological Society (BPS) was established and there is clear evidence that the new drugs discovered during this period of time have had a dramatic effect on the length and quality of life of the population [1]. The UK-based pharmaceutical industry has been a major contributor to this dramatic improvement in human health by discovering 15 out of the 75 top medicines used worldwide [2]. This success, and the level of pharmaceutical-industry investment in the UK (∼£10 000 000 per day), is based on the excellence of UK science and in particular on the quality of its pharmacologists.
Reduced Population Growth as Related to the Urbanization Process: Medellin, Colombia:

Since 1952, birth rates in Medellin have been lower than those in rural Antioquia, and in the last five years city births have de clined still further. This change cannot be explained by the use of contraceptives and seems related to induced abortion and perhaps to less sexual exposure among women. An ecologic study of migration patterns in urban areas might provide new approaches to identifying variables which may act as population checks.
A controlled-temperature apparatus for measurement of hydrogen peroxide production

Abstract An apparatus is described which permits continuous assays of hydrogen peroxide production from biological materials, including whole cells. Temperature in the assay mixture is controlled, for work above or below room temperatures. Data obtained by use of the apparatus are presented, as illustration of the effects of temperature upon peroxide output.
Inter-ethnic Cooperation Revisited: Why mobile phones can help prevent discrete events of violence, using the Kenyan case study

This paper will critically explore why mobile phones have drawn so much interest from the conflict management community in Kenya, and develop a general set of factors to explain why mobile phones can have a positive effect on conflict prevention efforts generally. Focus ing on theories of information asymmetry and security dilemmas, collective action problems, and the role of third party actors in conflict prevention, it aims to continue the discussion around Pierskalla and Hollenbach’s recent research on mobile phones and conflict risk. Given the successful, high profile uses of mobile phone-based violence prevention in Kenya I will identify a set of political and social factors that contribute to the success of crowdsourcing programs that use mobile phones, and explain what makes them transferable across cases for conflict prevention in other countries. The primary findings are that a population must prefer non-violence since technology is a magnifier of human intent, that the events of violence start and stop relative to specific events, the population knows to use their phones to share information about potential violence, and that there are third party actors involved in collecting and validating the crowdsourced data.
Iatrogenic illness: a call for decision support tools to reduce unnecessary variation

Steel et al raised a red flag for the medical community in 1981 when they articulated the serious risks associated with hospitalization.1 They identified a lack of progress in the 15 years that followed a previous report of the same problem. The many advances in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that had appeared during those 15 years were not matched by a reduction in iatrogenic illness suffered by patients in hospital. They identified the types and magnitudes of several risks without assigning blame or claiming that the iatrogenic illnesses were preventable; 36% had at least one iatrogenic illness, 9% had a major iatrogenic illness, and 2% sustained an iatrogenic illness that contributed to death. Interestingly, iatrogenic illness occurred in several different clinical settings within the medical service they studied. One of the strengths of their study lies in the inclusion of all new patients admitted to medical and metabolic wards and to both an intensive care unit and a coronary care unit. Iatrogenic illness was encountered in all of these settings. As expected, the intensive care settings accounted for more …
A-Mode Echoencephalography in the Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease

The value of A-mode echoencephalography was studied in a series of patients with Cerebrovascular disease of various types. The procedure proved to be restricted value limited to those situations in which (1) a midline shift was obtained, and (2) the midline shift was observed within 36 hours after the onset of symptoms. Whereas after 36 hours some patients with cerebral infarction showed a midline shift (presumably due to edema), such a shift was not noted in patients with cerebral infarct who were examined within 36 hours after its occurrence. Those patients showing a midline shift before this interval should be suspected of having an intracerebral hemorrhage or other intracranial space-occupying process.
Nonparametric Decentralized Detection and Sparse Sensor Selection Via Weighted Kernel

The kernel-based nonparametric approach proposed by Nguyen, Wainwright, and Jordan is further investigated for decentralized detection. In contrast with the uniform kernel used in the previous work, a weighted kernel is proposed, where weight parameters serve to selectively incorporate sensors’ information into the fusion center’s decision rule based on quality of sensors’ observations. Furthermore, weight parameters also serve as sensor selection parameters with nonzero parameters corresponding to sensors being selected. By introducing the $l_1$ regularization on weight parameters into the risk minimization framework, sensor selection is jointly performed with decision rules for sensors and the fusion center with the resulting optimal decision rule having only sparse nonzero weight parameters. A gradient projection algorithm and a Gauss-Seidel algorithm are developed to solve the risk minimization problem, which is nonconvex, and both algorithms are shown to converge to critical points. Conditions on the sample complexity to guarantee asymptotically small estimation error are characterized based on analysis of Rademacher complexity. Connection between the probability of error and the risk function is also studied. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the advantages and properties of the proposed approach based on weighted kernel.
An Examination of Hayek’s Theory of Social Order

Presently the work of Hayek is used by neo-conservatives to justify laissez-faire economics, yet it has become questionable whether his theory of social order actually supports this viewpoint. As a result of examining his social ontology, it is concluded that Hayek has not adequately shown how social order can result from persons pursuing their individual economic aims. Consequently Hayekâ€™s rendition of â€œspontaneous orderâ€ is seriously jeopardized.
Properties of perturbative multiparticle amplitudes in phik and O(N) theories.

Threshold amplitudes are considered for multiparticle production in ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{k}$ and $\mathrm{O}(N)$ ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theories. It is found that the disappearance of tree-level threshold amplitudes of two on-shell particles producing a large number of particles occurs in ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{k}$ theory only for $k=3 \mathrm{and} 4$.The one-loop correction to the threshold amplitude for a highly virtual scalar particle decaying into $n$ particles in an $\mathrm{O}(N)$ model is derived.
Reactive ground-state pathways are not ubiquitous in red/green cyanobacteriochromes.

Recent characterization of the red/green cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR) NpR6012g4 revealed a high quantum yield for its forward photoreaction [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 130−133] that was ascribed to the activity of hidden, productive ground-state intermediates. The dynamics of the pathways involving these ground-state intermediates was resolved with femtosecond dispersed pump–dump–probe spectroscopy, the first such study reported for any CBCR. To address the ubiquity of such second-chance initiation dynamics (SCID) in CBCRs, we examined the closely related red/green CBCR NpF2164g6 from Nostoc punctiforme. Both NpF2164g6 and NpR6012g4 use phycocyanobilin as the chromophore precursor and exhibit similar excited-state dynamics. However, NpF2164g6 exhibits a lower quantum yield of 32% for the generation of the isomerized Lumi-R primary photoproduct, compared to 40% for NpR6012g4. This difference arises from significantly different ground-state dynamics between the two proteins, with the SCID mechanism deactiva...
Politics, Piracy, and Other Games: Slavery and Liberation in Flight to Canada

In this corner, weighing seven pots of gris-gris gumbo, the challenger, Ishmael Reed. And in that corner, weighing four ex-wives worth of alimony, the champion, Norman Mailer. Ding! The battle's on. Reed comes out swinging a mighty Papa LaBas roundhouse that goes over the head of Mailer, who is crouched and snarling like the Devil. Now Mailer swings an O'Shaughnessy uppercut that misses Reed's chin by an Erzuli hair. Reed counters with an iron-fisted Ogun jab that just grazes Mailer's Jehovah-cocked ear. Look out, now Mailer's really pressing the fight with some fast and flashy Marilyn Monroe footwork, but Reed has-
Novelas, Novelinhas, Noveloes:The Evolution of the (Tele)Novela in Brazil

This paper traces the evolution of the novela in both radio and television forms, and shows how the Brazilian telenovela, while remaining faithful to the traditions of the genre, has modernized itself, in both thematic and aesthetic terms. Part of the success of this strategy rests on the concerned intention of novela writers and producers to create a new form of dramatic expression aimed at a wide audience both at home and abroad. Although not confining its discussions to the Globo novelas, this paper also shows that the Brazilian novela stand for Globo novela, which is widely seen around the world.
Visual recognition: computational models and human psychophysics

Object and scene recognition is one of the most essential functionalities of human vision. It is also of fundamental importance for machines to be able to learn and recognize meaningful objects and scenes. In this thesis, we explore the following four aspects of object and scene recognition. It is well known that humans can be "blind" even to major aspects of natural scenes when we attend elsewhere. The only tasks that do not need attention appear to be carried out in the early stages of the visual system. Contrary to this common belief, we show that subjects can rapidly detect animals or vehicles in briefly presented novel natural scenes while simultaneously performing another attentionally demanding task. By comparison, they are unable to discriminate large T's from L's, or bisected two-color disks from their mirror images under the same conditions. We explore this phenonmenon further by removing color from the natural scenes, or increasing the number of images peripherally. We find evidence that suggests that familiarity and meaningfulness might be among the factors that determine attentional requirements for both natural and synthetic stimuli. So what exactly do we see when we glance at a natural scene? And does what we see change as the glance becomes longer? We asked naive subjects to report what they saw in nearly a hundred briefly presented photographs. After each presentation subjects reported what they had just seen as completely as possible. Afterward, another group of sophisticated individuals who were not aware of the goals of the experiment were instructed to score each of the descriptions produced by the subjects in the first stage. Individual scores were assigned to more than a hundred different attributes. Given the evaluation of the responses, we show that within a single glance, much object and scene level information is perceived by human subjects. But the richness of our perception seems asymmetrical. Subjects tend to have a bias to natural scenes being perceived as outdoor rather than indoor. In computer vision, it is commonly known that learning visual models of object categories notoriously requires thousands of training examples. We show that it is possible to learn much information about a category from just one image, or a handful of images. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Geospatial Analytics for Park & Protected Land Visitor Reservation Data

Reservation databases utilized by parks and protected lands (PPLs) are a source of empirical data that holds a wealth of spatiotemporal information about both destination usage (from the supply side) and visitor characteristics (the demand population). Unfortunately, PPL reservation databases are rarely explored with these goals in mind. Geovisualizations of reservation data can be used to identify longitudinal patterns, trends and relationships that can help PPL managers generate knowledge useful in decision support. To demonstrate the knowledge that can be gained through geospatial analytics of PPL reservation data, 12.5 million reservation records from the recreation.gov database between January 1, 2007 and December 30, 2015 are examined. The database includes 3272 distinct destinations that provided camping, permitting or ticketing on U.S. Federal PPLs. This chapter discusses both the value of, and the methodology for, inductively exploring spatiotemporal PPL reservation data through geovisualization. Efforts such as those described in this chapter can provide decision support to managers of Federal, State and County agencies tasked with tourism and resource management.
Impact of Income Transfers on Poverty Reduction in Korea

As a policy evaluation research, this study investigates the relationship between income transfers and the income security of the poor in Korea. Employing Beckerman's poverty reduction effect model, this study examines the impact of social and private income transfers on poverty rate and poverty gap reduction. Particularly, this study compares poverty reduction dynamic between working poor and non-working poor. This study analyzes a representative panel data, Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS). Results reveal that income transfers show a relatively higher poverty reduction among the non-working poor than the working poor, indicating that both social and private income transfers have been concentra ted on the non-work ing poor. However, t he difference in the poverty reduction effectiveness of income transfers between the non-work ing poor a nd the working poor has decreased over time. The result also indicates private income transfers play more important role than public income transfers in Korean society.
The Impact of Information on Supplier Performance

The research explores the linkage between the flow of information between buyers and sellers and the perceived performance of the seller. Using data received from 152 export managers for U.S. manufacturing firms, a moderated multiple regression analysis shows that information exchange and supplier performance are positively related regardless of the presence of moderating demographic characteristics. The findings suggest that organizations should more fully plan, anticipate, and design strategies to ensure that information is frequently exchanged with business associates. Such an approach to the management of information suggests that organizations will increasingly find themselves coupled together with associates in relational attachments.
The repurposed anthelmintic mebendazole in combination with trametinib suppresses refractory NRASQ61K melanoma.

// Cynthia M. Simbulan-Rosenthal 1,* , Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy 1,2,* , Anirudh Gaur 1 , You-Shin Chen 1 , Hong-Bin Fang 3 , Maryam Abdussamad 4 , Hengbo Zhou 4 , John Zapas 4 , Valerie Calvert 5 , Emanuel F. Petricoin 5 , Michael B. Atkins 2 , Stephen W. Byers 1,2 and Dean S. Rosenthal 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA 2 Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA 4 MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA 5 Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA * These authors are co-first authors Correspondence to: Dean S. Rosenthal, email: // Keywords : mebendazole, drug repurposing, melanoma, ERK pathway, BRAF Received : March 31, 2016 Accepted : October 13, 2016 Published : February 02, 2017 Abstract Structure-based drug repositioning in addition to random chemical screening is now a viable route to rapid drug development. Proteochemometric computational methods coupled with kinase assays showed that mebendazole (MBZ) binds and inhibits kinases important in cancer, especially both BRAF WT and BRAF V600E . We find that MBZ synergizes with the MEK inhibitor trametinib to inhibit growth of BRAF WT -NRAS Q61K melanoma cells in culture and in xenografts, and markedly decreased MEK and ERK phosphorylation. Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) and immunoblot analyses show that both trametinib and MBZ inhibit the MAPK pathway, and cluster analysis revealed a protein cluster showing strong MBZ+trametinib - inhibited phosphorylation of MEK and ERK within 10 minutes, and its direct and indirect downstream targets related to stress response and translation, including ElK1 and RSKs within 30 minutes. Downstream ERK targets for cell cycle, including cMYC, were down-regulated, consistent with S- phase suppression by MBZ+trametinib, while apoptosis markers, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and a sub-G1 population, were all increased with time. These data suggest that MBZ, a well-tolerated off-patent approved drug, should be considered as a therapeutic option in combination with trametinib, for patients with NRAS Q61mut or other non-V600E BRAF mutant melanomas.
Civil-military Pathologies and Defeat in War

This article uses an original data set, the Wartime Civil-military Relations Data Set, to test arguments about the causes of victory and defeat in war. Our analysis provides strong initial support for the notion that civil-military relations powerfully shape state prospects for victory and defeat. Specifically, states whose militaries have a significant internal role or whose regimes engage in coup-proofing appear to have a substantially lower probability of winning interstate wars, even when we account for the role of other important variables, including regime type and material capabilities. Crucially, our measures of civil-military relations include coup incidence but also move beyond it to detect more subtle indicators of civil-military relations. The resulting analysis should give us confidence in acknowledging the importance of nonmaterial variables in explaining war outcomes, while also paving the way for further research that can utilize and extend the data set.
Urinary F2-isoprostanes and the risk of hypertension

Abstract Purpose There is strong biological plausibility for a causal role of reactive oxygen species in vascular pathology but no direct epidemiological evidence linking elevated reactive oxygen species levels to hypertension development. We examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between oxidative status (urinary F 2 -isoprostanes) and hypertension in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study cohort ( n = 831). Methods The cohort included non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black individuals, with 252 (30%) having prevalent hypertension and 579 participants normotensive at baseline, 122 (21%) of whom developed hypertension during the 5-year follow-up. Four urinary F 2 -isoprostane isomers were quantified in baseline specimens using LC/MS–MS and were summarized as a composite index. Examined outcomes included hypertension status (yes/no), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results Prevalent and incident hypertension were associated with greater age, Black race, impaired glucose tolerance, and greater BMI. F 2 -IsoP levels were lower among men and among non-Hispanic Blacks, were inversely associated with age, and were directly associated with BMI. No cross-sectional association was found between F 2 -isoprostanes and hypertension status (OR = 0.93, 0.77–0.12). Among the continuous measures of blood pressure only PP was associated with F 2 -isoprostanes at baseline (beta-coefficient = 0.99, 0.11–1.86). No prospective association was found between F 2 -isoprostanes and incident hypertension: OR = 0.98, 0.77–1.25. No prospective associations were found for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure. Mean arterial pressure showed an inverse association (beta-coefficient = −0.16, −0.31 to −0.01). Conclusions Elevated F 2 -isoprostane levels do not increase the risk of hypertension.
Improving Depression Care for Adults With Serious Mental Illness in Underresourced Areas: Community Coalitions Versus Technical Support.

Objective:Community Partners in Care (CPIC) was a group-randomized study of two approaches to implementing expanded collaborative depression care: Community Engagement and Planning (CEP), a coalition approach, and Resources for Services (RS), a technical assistance approach. Collaborative care networks in both arms involved health care and other agencies in five service sectors. This study examined six- and 12-month outcomes for CPIC participants with serious mental illness.Methods:This secondary analysis focused on low-income CPIC participants from racial-ethnic minority groups with serious mental illness in underresourced Los Angeles communities (N=504). Serious mental illness was defined as self-reported severe depression (≥20 on the Patient Health Questionnaire–8) at baseline or a lifetime history of bipolar disorder or psychosis. Logistic and Poisson regression with multiple imputation and response weights, controlling for covariates, was used to model intervention effects.Results:Among CPIC particip...
The City Unmapped: A Feminist Imagination of Urban Spaces in Javier Pérez Andújar’s Paseos con mi madre (2011)

This chapter analyzes Javier Perez Andujar’s Paseos con mi madre (2011) in light of recent transformations in contemporary Spain. Attending to the redesign of urban centers and peripheries, it explores their global capital subsumption made visible in Andujar’s novel. In dialogue with recent scholarship that has engaged with these transformations, the author reads Paseos through a feminist lens that sheds light on possibilities of renovation in and around the city space. By doing so, the author argues that the centrality of the trope of the ‘river’ and the ‘aged mother,’ as thematized in Paseos, evokes an urban imagination that challenges complex valences of a culture of commodification, sketching the potential of a future shaped by forms of sustainability.
Influence of reduced water availability on Pseudomonas putida unsaturated biofilms and the role of alginate in desiccation tolerance

Biofilms are aggregates of cells adhering to surfaces embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of their own making. Microbial water availability in many terrestrial habitats is one of the most important factors influencing unsaturated biofilm development and biofllm cell survival and death. In general, Pseudomonas putida strain mt-2 unsaturated biofllm formation proceeds through three distinct developmental phases, culminating in the formation of a microcolony. The form and severity of reduced water availability alters cell morphology. The dehydration treatments resulted in biofilms comprised of smaller cells but they were taller and more porous, and had a thicker exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer at the air interface. In the osmotic stress treatments, cell filamentation occurred more frequently in the presence of high concentrations of ionic, but not non-ionic, solutes and these filamented cells drastically altered biofilm architecture. P. putida produced more EPS in response to dehydration stress, but not thermodynamically equivalent osmotic stress. Carbohydrate composition analysis showed that alginate was a component of unsaturated biofilm EPS only in the presence of dehydration stress. The absence of alginate altered biofilm architecture in that biofilms were shorter, covered more surface area, and were less porous than when alginate was present. By measuring intracellular water potential changes and monitoring fatty acid alterations during dehydration stress, we demonstrated that alginate slows the rate of cellular dehydration. Alginate production also contributed to the ability of cells to survive a severe desiccation stress. These results suggest that an important consequence of cellular dehydration is alginate production, which contributes to the fitness of P. putida in water-limited environments.
Yeast as a Window into Changes in Genome Complexity Due to Polyploidization

Due to the long history of genetic analyses in yeasts and their experimental tractability, the yeast genome duplication provides important perspectives on the genome and population-level processes that follow whole-genome duplication (WGD). We discuss the history of the discovery of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae WGD, with special emphasis on the role of comparative genomics in its analysis. We then explore models of the WGD shaped population and species divergence, both at a gene level (e.g., Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility) and from the perspective of recent work on secondary allopolyploidy in Saccharomyces pastorianus. Finally, we explore the selective forces that act on the WGD-produced paralogs and shape their patterns of loss and retention. In addition to discussing the dosage balance hypothesis as it applies to the yeast WGD, we explore the role of the WGD in shaping several complex metabolic and regulatory phenotypes.
Tool Use and Spatial Patterning

The concern of this chapter is not the discovery of spatial patterns per se but rather their interpretation, particularly the logical arguments that link spatial patterns, however discovered, with interpretations that address the use of space in prehistoric communities. Specifically, I am concerned with how data on tool utilization can be used in spatial studies.
Looking Under the EA Hood with Price’s Equation

In this paper we show how tools based on extensions of Price’s equation allow us to look inside production-level EAs to see how selection, representation, and reproductive operators interact with each other, and how these interactions affect EA performance. With such tools it is possible to understand at a deeper level how existing EAs work as well as provide support for making better design decisions involving new EC applications.
Corticostriatal Neurons of the Medial Agranular Cortex of Rats

The corticostriatal projection is not a single pathway, but rather a number of separate parallel projections arising from distinct classes of corticostriatal cells differentially distributed among the various participating cortical regions. It is likely that these various channels in the corticostriatal projection are carrying different kinds of information as well as distributing it in different patterns among the neurons of the neostriatum, but this is not yet known for certain. The evidence for the existence of diverse corticostriatal cell types will be reviewed here along with the differences between them in structure and function, so far as these are currently known.
Policy Preferences after Crime Victimization: Panel and Survey Evidence from Latin America

Can crime victimization increase support for iron-fist crime-reduction policies? It is difficult to assess the political effects of crime, mainly because of the presence of unmeasured confounders. This study uses panel data from Brazil and strategies for reducing sensitivity to hidden biases to study how crime victims update their policy preferences. It also examines survey data from eighteen Latin American countries to improve the external validity of the findings. The results show that crime victims are more likely to support iron-fist or strong-arm measures to reduce crime, such as allowing state repression. Affected citizens are also found to value democracy less, which might explain their willingness to accept the erosion of basic rights in favor of radical measures to combat delinquency. These findings reveal that exposure to crime can change what people think the state should be allowed to do, which can have important political implications.
Shielding a monoenergetic photon source for nonproliferation applications analysis

Abstract Near-monoenergetic photon sources offer appealing improvements over broad-band bremsstrahlung sources when applied to challenges in nonproliferation efforts. The use of a laser-plasma accelerator offers electrons at the energies needed for multi-MeV Thomson sources in a compact form factor. Because these electrons have energy up to approximately 0.5 GeV, many energetic photons and neutrons are created as they are dumped out of the beam line. This fact creates challenges for performing experiments to demonstrate the advantages of such a photon source for nonproliferation applications in the short term, until effective methods for decelerating the electrons are developed. To mitigate these background particles for laboratory measurements, a system of beam dumps and secondary collimators has been designed. Once background flux is reduced to the lowest practical level, it is compared to the expected flux created by the source photon beam on a lead target. This simulation mimics a nonproliferation application by predicting measured flux off-axis from an interrogated high-Z object as a surrogate for special nuclear material. Background mitigation techniques are also expanded to a mobile interrogation case. These methods allow for demonstration of nonproliferation applications of near-monoenergetic photon sources and future deployment in the field.
Trainer taming: part 2

In the second article in this series Ray Clarke explains how to get the best from your trainer when it comes to on-call, sick leave, making mistakes, and getting a reference
Abiola Irele and the anti-Négritude1 generation: “In Praise of Alienation”

In this article, I read Abiola F. Irele’s “In Praise of Alienation” as a departure from the “going native” cultural nationalism that was sparked by the black renaissance cultural movements, includi...
Effects of Aspirin and Prednisone on Platelet Function and Thromboxane Synthesis in Healthy Dogs.

Glucocorticoid administration is a risk factor for thromboembolism in hypercoagulable dogs, and it is unknown if aspirin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced hypercoagulability. The objective was to determine the effects of sustained aspirin and prednisone administration on platelet function and thromboxane synthesis. Our hypothesis was that aspirin would consistently inhibit platelet function and thromboxane synthesis when administered with or without prednisone. In 24 healthy dogs, platelet aggregometry and urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane-B2 (11-dTXB2)-to-creatinine ratios were measured on days 0, 14, and 28. Dogs were administered placebos, aspirin (2 mg/kg/d), prednisone (2 mg/kg/d), or prednisone/aspirin combination therapy PO for 28 days in a randomized double-blinded study. Aspirin response was based on a >25% reduction in platelet aggregation compared to pre-treatment values. Results were compared using mixed model, split-plot repeated measures ANOVAs. P < 0.05 was considered significant. AUC differed significantly by time [F(2,40) = 10.2, P < 0.001] but not treatment or treatment-by-time. On day 14, 2 dogs were aspirin responders (aspirin, 1; placebo, 1). On day 28, 3 dogs were aspirin responders (aspirin, 2; prednisone/aspirin, 1). Urine 11-dTXB2-to-creatinine ratios differed significantly by group [F(3,20) = 3.9, P = 0.024] and time [F(2,40) = 8.7, P < 0.001), but not treatment-by-time. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences between aspirin and placebo groups (P=0.008), aspirin and prednisone/aspirin groups (P = 0.030), and placebo and prednisone groups (P = 0.030). In healthy dogs, sustained aspirin, prednisone, and combination therapy do not inhibit platelet aggregation, and when used as individual therapies, aspirin and prednisone decreased thromboxane synthesis. Additional studies using varied platelet function methodologies in hypercoagulable dogs are necessary.
Updated Review and Treatment Recommendations on Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Chronic Pain.

Background This comprehensive review of pain in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes focuses on current mechanisms that lead to pain, including autoimmune processes as well as the systemic secretion of factors that sensitize nociceptive nerves. Systemic secretion of functional molecules is a well-recognized phenomenon in endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes; however, cancer pain research has predominantly focused on cytokine-nerve interactions in the tumor microenvironment, and few groups have applied the molecular mechanisms of local pain to study widespread neuropathic pain resulting from systemic secretion. We present a novel perspective in the field of pain research by converging data from clinical oncology with recent molecular pain research on cytokine-mediated sensitization of nociceptive nerves. Objective Our objective was to conduct a review of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and provide updates on therapeutic recommendations. Study design We used a narrative review design. Methods This review was done using searches of PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, SCOPUS, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles from inception to the present date. Other data sources included hand searches of publications driven by manuscript authors. Search terms included concepts of paraneoplastic syndrome and chronic pain with emphasis on both preclinical and clinical studies. Results Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full article review. They were then analyzed by specific clinical indications and appropriate data was presented based on critical analysis of those articles. Limitations More studies that distinguish autoimmune paraneoplastic pain syndromes from those related to systemic cytokine secretion are required. Conclusion By providing a unified review across disciplines, we illustrate that neuropathic pain related to the systemic secretion of cytokines may represent another category of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes distinct from the well-known autoimmune neuronopathies. In addition, we discuss the clinical significance of distinguishing autoimmune paraneoplastic pain syndromes from those related to systemic cytokine secretion and highlight the need for further research at the intersection of these fields. This review takes a look at both past and current literature with a critical analysis of findings and respective recommendations. In addition, based on review of the literature we provide updated therapeutic recommendations for the consideration of pain practitioners when dealing with this patient population. Key words Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, treatment guidelines, cytokines.
Whisker growth under a controlled driving force: Pressure induced whisker nucleation and growth

Abstract We investigate whisker nucleation and growth kinetics in Sn coatings induced by the application of mechanical pressure. The pressure was applied to the samples using a clamping fixture that enables a constant pressure to be maintained over long duration of time. The fixture is small enough so that it could be transferred inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) chamber to observe the stress driven whisker nucleation and growth in real-time while the applied pressure is maintained on the Sn films.
Teacher immediacy and learning mathematics: Effects on students with divergent mathematical aptitudes

ABSTRACTUndergraduates pursue degrees in disciplines in which they hold an affect or possess an interest. Math and science majors possess a positive affect for mathematics; however, to maximize the number of math majors, it is important to boost the motivation of non-math majors to learn mathematics. This study examines the relationships between instructors’ nonverbal immediacy and (1) affective learning of math, (2) affect for math, and (3) affect for the instructor. Participants were 426 freshmen (math and non-math majors) at a public university in the southwest United States. Comparisons were made between students enrolled in calculus and algebra courses. Comparisons between groups of varying math aptitude were also examined. Immediacy was moderately correlated with students’ affective learning (0.38), with the strongest correlation for those with medium math aptitude (0.47). When affective learning was restricted to affect for the subject content, an even stronger correlation was found for students wi...
Effect of Sodium Tungstate Promoter on the Reduction Kinetics of CaMn0.9Fe0.1O3 for Chemical Looping – Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

Abstract Reduction kinetics of unpromoted and Na2WO4-promoted CaMn0.9Fe0.1O3 redox catalysts are measured in the context of chemical looping-oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH). CL-ODH is a promising alternative for ethylene production compared to steam cracking, as it reduces the energy demand and increases the single-pass ethane conversion. The ability of a redox catalyst for selective hydrogen combustion (SHC), i.e. selectively oxidizing hydrogen co-product from ethane dehydrogenation, represents an effective strategy for CL-ODH because it can shift the reaction equilibrium and facilitate exothermic overall reaction. In this work, kinetic models and parameters of unpromoted and Na2WO4-promoted, Fe-doped CaMnO3 (CaMn0.9Fe0.1O3) under H2 and C2H4 were investigated. The reduction of unpromoted CaMn0.9Fe0.1O3 follows reaction-order models. C2H4 reduction has a higher energy barrier and a greater dependence on active lattice oxygen concentration, resulting in an order-of-magnitude decrease in the reduction rate. In comparison, the reduction of Na2WO4-promoted CaMn0.9Fe0.1O3 follows an Avrami-Erofe’ev nucleation and nuclei growth model. The addition of Na2WO4 more significantly suppressed C2H4 combustion relative to H2 oxidation. As a result, the reduction rate of Na2WO4-promoted CaMn0.9Fe0.1O3 under H2 was three orders of magnitude greater than that under C2H4, demonstrating its excellent SHC properties. The resulting redox catalyst was shown to be effective for ethane CL-ODH with measured 90.5% ethylene selectivity and 41.6% ethylene yield at 750 °C. The kinetics models and parameters provide useful information for CL-ODH reactor design and further development of the redox catalyst.
Procedural rationality in the time of COVID-19

Homo economicus, the typical economic man, is a rational agent whose goal is to find the optimal solution to any problem However, this may not be feasible in complex situations like the current global pandemic We argue that in such environments where Knightian uncertainty plays a big role, the behaviour of countries, sectors of the economy, and individuals may be characterised by procedural rationality Instead of focusing on the outcome, it is argued that the decision-maker draws upon similar experiences and follows a consistent procedure © 2020 Economic and Political Weekly All rights reserved
Opposing functions for retromer and Rab11 in extracellular vesicle cargo traffic at presynaptic terminals

Neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication and pathogenic protein propagation in neurological disease. However, it remains unclear how cargoes are selectively packaged into neuronal EVs. Here, we show that loss of the endosomal retromer complex leads to accumulation of EV cargoes Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Synaptotagmin-4 (Syt4) at Drosophila motor neuron presynaptic terminals, resulting in increased release of these cargoes in EVs. By systematically exploring known retromer-dependent trafficking mechanisms, we show that EV regulation is separable from several previously identified roles of neuronal retromer, and depends on the ESCPE-1 complex. Conversely, loss of the recycling endosome regulator rab11 leads to reduced EV cargo levels, and suppresses cargo accumulation in retromer mutants. Thus, EV traffic reflects a balance between Rab11-mediated loading and retromer-dependent removal from EV precursor compartments. Our data shed light on previous studies implicating Rab11 and retromer in competing pathways in Alzheimer9s Disease, and suggest that misregulated EV traffic may be an underlying defect.
The impact of increasing stratospheric radiative damping on the quasi-biennial oscillation period

Abstract. Stratospheric radiative damping increases as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration rises. We use the one-dimensional mechanistic models of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) to conduct sensitivity experiments and find that the simulated QBO period shortens due to the enhancing of radiative damping in the stratosphere. This result suggests that increasing stratospheric radiative damping due to rising CO2 may play a role in determining the QBO period in a warming climate along with wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and tropical vertical residual velocity, both of which also respond to increasing CO2 .
Counter-Demography: Situated Caring for the Aged in Andean Peru.

I argue that non-demographers engage in “counter-demography” – repurposing demographic tools as they interpret and manage local, individual expressions of complex population-level issues. I explore...
On Identifying the Sound Sources in a Turbulent Flow

A space-time filtering approach is used to divide an unbounded turbulent flow into its radiating and non-radiating components. The result is then used to clarify a number of issues including the possibility of identifying the sources of the sound in such flows. It is also used to investigate the efficacy of some of the more recent computational approaches.
Some Observations Concerning the Hypothalamic Regulation of Growth and of Food Intake

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that every organism exhibits a characteristic type of feeding behavior that is determined, by its ecological relationships, and is generated, by various internalized needs, acting through its central nervous system or comparable regulatory processes. The utilization of the incorporated nutrients may vary, according to the maturity of the organism, since sexually immature animals grow and continue to differentiate, whereas sexually mature individuals cease growth and instead exhibit the appropriate physical and behavioral signs of sexual activity. Cessation of growth and the onset of sexual activity are not abruptly mutually exclusive events, of course, and one normally overlaps the other in some degree. Insofar, as the respective processes of growth and of sexual development in the higher vertebrates are concerned, the essential roles of the somatotrophic hormone (STH) and of the gonadotrophic hormones are well-recognized, if incompletely understood, functions of the adenohypophysis. There is also abundant evidence relative to the hypothalamic regulation of several endocrine fractions of the adenohypophysis, including the gonadotrophins.
Overview of Ape and Human Ancestry

With increasing numbers of East African discoveries over the last 10 years, the hominid fossil record has become more complete for the upper Pliocene through Pleistocene time span. The greater part of the earlier Pliocene remains devoid of definite hominids, however, and one major reason for interest in descriptions of early hominids such as Australopithecus afarensis (Johanson and White, 1979) is. the inference backward in time toward the possible appearance of the earliest hominid ancestor. In fact, there is no more challenging issue in anthropology than the origin of the hominid lineage. This particular ethnocentric emphasis began with the inception of the age of evolutionary reasoning. Darwin in his major writings inferred that an ancient anthropomorphous subgroup gave rise to humans, and he made it clear that the resemblance of humans to the anthropoid apes in so many respects could only be due to homologous characters shared with a common ancestor.
SAM: Simple API for Object-Oriented Code Metrics

This paper introduces the Simple API for Object-Oriented Code Metrics or SAM. SAM has two distinct advantages over current application generators for metrics. First, SAM can collect a much larger set of metrics since it maintains context during metrics analysis. Second, SAM is completely language independent since it specifies the types of events a parser must generate, but not how to generate those events. Through examples, we will demonstrate how our API allows us to collect metrics not possible with application generators. We will also demonstrate how SAM can reduce the lines of code per metric by up to 90 percent when measured against some of today's most popular standalone tools.
Detection of Viruslike Particles in Germ-Free Mice

Abstract Kajima, Masahiro (University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind.), and Morris Pollard. Detection of viruslike particles in germ-free mice. J. Bacteriol. 90:1448–1454. 1965.—Viruslike particles similar in structure to the mouse leukemia agent were detected by electron microscopy in thymus tissues of germ-free AK mice which had developed spontaneous leukemia. In addition, unique viruslike particles (type B) were detected in tissues from spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma of germ-free C3H mice. Leukemia virus-like particles were also observed in the thymuses of the control AK mice and of the C3H control mice as well as of those with mammary tumors. Germ-free mice are not virus-free. The routes of transmission of leukemia as well as of mammary tumor viruses may be “vertical,” through the embryo or placenta.