cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The design and evaluation of a novel algorithm for automated preference card optimization.

BACKGROUND Inaccurate surgical preference cards (supply lists) are associated with higher direct costs, waste, and delays. Numerous preference card improvement projects have relied on institution-specific, manual approaches of limited reproducibility. We developed and tested an algorithm to facilitate the first automated, informatics-based, fully reproducible approach. METHODS The algorithm cross-references the supplies used in each procedure and listed on each preference card and uses a time-series regression to estimate the likelihood that each quantity listed on the preference card is inaccurate. Algorithm performance was evaluated by measuring changes in direct costs between preference cards revised with the algorithm and preference cards that were not revised or revised without use of the algorithm. Results were evaluated with a difference-in-differences (DID) multivariate fixed-effects model of costs during an 8-month pre-intervention and a 15-month post-intervention period. RESULTS The accuracies of the quantities of 469 155 surgeon-procedure-specific items were estimated. Nurses used these estimates to revise 309 preference cards across eight surgical services corresponding to, respectively, 1777 and 3106 procedures in the pre- and post-intervention periods. The average direct cost of supplies per case decreased by 8.38% ($352, SD $6622) for the intervention group and increased by 13.21% ($405, SD $14 706) for the control group (P < .001). The DID analysis showed significant cost reductions only in the intervention group during the intervention period (P < .001). CONCLUSION The optimization of preference cards with a variety of institution-specific, manually intensive approaches has led to cost savings. The automated algorithm presented here produced similar results that may be more readily reproducible.
Students’ Attitudes Toward Interfaith Relationships: The Impact of Parents, Religiosity, and Christian Privilege

Dating across religious lines is becoming more common in the United States, especially among young adults, suggesting greater acceptance of interfaith relationships. Although college is a place whe...
Towards integrated precision metrology systems using soliton microcombs

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized a wide range of applications, and in recent years a miniature frequency comb or microcomb has been demonstrated using compact (often chip-based) microresonators. These devices use the optical Kerr effect and Kerr-induced parametric gain and four-wavemixing to induce soliton mode locking from a continuous-wave optical pump. An overview of the history and physics of these soliton microcombs will be presented including resonator design for soliton generation. After this, progress on the integration of soliton microcombs with pumping lasers as well as results for several applications under study will be discussed. This includes work towards miniaturization of frequency systems for application to time-standards, optical frequency synthesis, precision spectroscopy, telecommunications, LIDAR, and astronomy.
Endoscopic Balloon Therapy.

Intragastric balloon therapy is an endoluminal treatment of obesity that is indicated for patients with moderate obesity (body mass index, 30-35 kg/m2) who have failed to lose weight with lifestyle and medical management. Treatment duration ranges from 4 to 12 months, and percent total body weight loss ranges from 6% to 15% at the time of balloon removal. Adverse events, such as bowel obstruction or gastric perforation, are rare, and early balloon removal because of intolerance is the most common complication. Long-term data are lacking, although weight regain after balloon removal seems to be common.
Children and Young People with Written Language Disorders

This chapter describes the ways in which children and adolescents with written language disorders struggle with pragmatics. After defining written language disorders, the scant research available on this topic is summarized. The chapter focuses on the pragmatic deficits of students with oral language impairment often associated with literacy problems, students with reading disabilities including dyslexia, and students with writing disabilities. Specific subskills important for pragmatic language competence are discussed, such as perspective taking and presupposition, discourse regulation, and figurative language. Connections between social cognition, theory of mind, and pragmatic language abilities are identified. Pragmatic subskills’ presumed or documented relationships to reading and writing performance are detailed. Finally, an analytic comparison of texts written by students with writing challenges and one written by more accomplished peers are presented.
Thematic Minireview Series: The State of the Cytoskeleton in 2015 *

The study of cytoskeletal polymers has been an active area of research for more than 70 years. However, despite decades of pioneering work by some of the brightest scientists in biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology, many central questions regarding the polymers themselves are only now starting to be answered. For example, although it has long been appreciated that the actin cytoskeleton provides contractility and couples biochemical responses with mechanical stresses in cells, only recently have we begun to understand how the actin polymer itself responds to mechanical loads. Likewise, although it has long been appreciated that the microtubule cytoskeleton can be post-translationally modified, only recently have the enzymes responsible for these modifications been characterized, so that we can now begin to understand how these modifications alter the polymerization and regulation of microtubule structures. Even the septins in eukaryotes and the cytoskeletal polymers of prokaryotes have yielded new insights due to recent advances in microscopy techniques. In this thematic series of minireviews, these topics are covered by some of the very same scientists who generated these recent insights, thereby providing us with an overview of the State of the Cytoskeleton in 2015.
A Fully Dynamic Data Structure for Reachability in Planar Digraphs

In this paper we investigate the problem of maintaining all-pairs reachability information in a planar digraph G as it undergoes changes. We give a fully dynamic O(n)-space data structure to support an arbitrary sequence of operations that consist of adding new edges (or nodes), deleting some existing edge, and querying to find out if a given node v is reachable in G by a directed path from another node u.
Optical and hybrid signal processing

Physics and implementation of optical signal processing in communication and sensing links is introduced. Hybrid processing schemes capable of interfacing with high-rate network traffic and electronic backplane are described and illustrated using application examples.
Energy Inputs to Irrigation

Energy inputs to irrigation are dramatically increasing as irrigated agriculture expands to meet world food demands and more sophisticated technologies are developed to increase water use efficiency. In this study nine irrigation systems, designed for a specific land area, are analyzed and the total energy inputs computed for each system. The analysis includes energy inputs to manufactured components and installation as well as operation and maintenance. The expected life of each system and the energy value of salvable materials are also taken into account. It is concluded that a practical balance must be established between maximizing water use efficiency and minimizing water use efficiency and minimizing energy inputs to the irrigation system.
The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe: Commerce and diasporas

My Exalted Self commands the kadi and bey of Jerusalem: the bailo of Venice petitioned the Sublime Porte that those who visit Jerusalem from the subjects of the nobles of Venice should not be injured. Nor should any one of you interfere with the monks who live in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. When they repair and renovate according to their old situation areas of that church which have fallen into ruin, they seek a command that it is in accordance with Venice's capitulations ( ahdname and nisan ). Such a decree is given to these Frankish monks. In Pera they speak Turkish, Greek, Hebrew, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, Russian, Slavonian, Wallachian, German, Dutch, French, English, Italian, Hungarian; and, what is worse, there is ten of these languages spoke in my own family. My grooms are Arabs, my footmen, French, English and Germans, my Nurse an Armenian, my housemaids Russians, half a dozen other servants Greeks; my steward an Italian; my Janissaries Turks, that I live in the perpetual hearing of this medley of sounds, which produces a very extraordinary effect upon the people that are born here. They learn all these languages at the same time and without knowing any of them well enough to write or read in it. One must turn to Ottoman history rather than western European history to explore how Venice and other western European states organized presences in the Levantine world, for the underlying design of Ottoman society did much to accommodate and make possible the development of commercial and diplomatic settlements in the empire.
Detailed description and performance of a passive perfluorocarbon tracer system for building ventilation and air exchange measurements

The manufacturing procedures and performance of a building air infiltration kit consisting of miniature passive perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) permeation sources and passive adsorption tube samplers are described. Having four PFT-types available, homes and buildings with up to four separate zones can be fully evaluated under steady state conditions for the air infiltration and exfiltration rates from each zone as well as the air exchange rates between zones using this inexpensive and non-obtrusive field kit. Complete details on deployment in homes and on gas chromatographic analysis of the passive samplers are presented. Examples of total air changes per hour (ACH) results in several studies showed average values between 0.25 to 0.64 h/sup -1/. A generalized correlation was used to characterize the leakiness of eleven homes in the US and Canada, showing ACH dependency only on inside-outside temperature difference, wind speed to the 1.5 power, and a subjective terrain factor; the approach has application in evaluating weatherization performance. Details of multizone measurements in four homes provided insight into the role of attics, crawl-spaces, and basements on the indoor air quality and weatherization needs for the living zone. 26 refs., 15 figs., 23 tabs.
Scale model Space Shuttle EMI test: HV-VHF electromagnetic field strength measurements

The authors introduce the Waves in Space Plasmas (WISP) project and document the results of an electromagnetic-interference (EMI) test with the Dipole Antenna Subsystem (DASS) portion of the project. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is concerned that the electromagnetic fields radiated by the dipole antenna may be large enough to interfere with, or prevent, the operation of other mission equipment on the Shuttle. This test uses a one-tenth scale model of the Orbiter, DASS, and payloads to measure the electromagnetic field levels in the Orbiter cargo bay. These field strength values are compared to values obtained from computer models. The results seem to validate the theory that, for the outdoor EMI test, an image of the half Orbiter model is indeed formed beneath the model itself because of the presence of the ground plane. >
Are People Naïve Probability Theorists? A Further Examination of the Probability Theory + Variation Model

Two experiments tested predictions derived from the Probability Theory?+?Variation (PTV) model. PTV model assumes that judgments follow probability theory, but systematic errors arise from noise in the judgments. Experiment 1 compared the PTV model to a configural weighted averaging model in joint probability judgment and found more support for the PTV model in diagnostic cases. Specifically, noise was negatively correlated with semantic coherence and conjunction and disjunction fallacies increased when order effects produced more noise in conjunctions and disjunctions. Consistent with both models, judgments adhered stochastically to the addition law. Contrary to the integration rules of the PTV model, we failed to find increased noise in disjunctions compared to conjunctions. Experiment 2 tested predictions of the PTV model for conditional probability judgment. Consistent with the PTV model, noise was negatively correlated with semantic coherence in conditional probabilities and judgments adhered stochastically to Bayes' theorem. Conversion errors were generally more prevalent than conditional reversals, a finding that is not fully consistent with the PTV model. In general, the quantitative fit of the PTV model was relatively better for overlapping and subset problems compared to identical, independent and mutually exclusive problems, especially for semantic coherence.
The worn dentition — pathognomonic patterns of abrasion and erosion

Historically, the dental literature has revealed various causes of tooth wear, yet it has failed to provide a conclusive method of differentiation and diagnosis of the condition. The categories of tooth wear encountered most commonly in dental practice are abrasion and erosion. The major causes of wear from abrasion are bruxism and toothpaste abuse, and the major causes of wear from erosion are regurgitation, coke-swishing and fruit-mulling. Through in-depth clinical study of these causes, this paper provides a diagnostic system that will enable dental professionals to determine and differentiate the exact aetiology of the worn dentition simply by the recognition of the pathognomonic wear patterns on diagnostic casts, which are based upon the position and quantity of the non-carious loss of tooth structure.
Friction Forces and Spring Forces

Two types of forces are discussed in this chapter: friction forces and spring forces. We start with the former and consider a simple classical experiment. Based on this experiment, general (coordinate-free) expressions for friction forces are obtained. The chapter closes with the corresponding developments for a spring force. The reason for including a separate chapter on these two types of forces is that I have found that they present the most difficulty to students when they are formulating problems. In particular, many students have the impression that if they do not correctly guess the direction of spring and friction forces in their free-body diagram, then they will obtain the wrong answer. The coordinate-free formulation of these forces in this chapter bypasses this issue.
Do-it-yourself textbook publishing

Comparing experiences publishing textbooks using traditional publishers and do-it-yourself methods.
The neurophysiological regulation of growth hormone secretion

With the advent of genetic engineering, the importance of GH in the regulation of growth and metabolism in domestic species has been clearly demonstrated. Ample evidence of an integral role for GH in the processes of growth and lactation exists in dairy cattle (1,2), sheep (3), beef cattle (4) and swine (5). For example, circulating GH levels are high during the period of rapid growth in several species including cattle (6), swine (7) and poultry (8). Endogenous GH secretion is primarily controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) via two specific hypothalamic neurohormones, growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and somatostatin (SRIF), an inhibitor of GH release. The secretion of GRF and SRIF is governed by a host of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters which provide a functional link between higher CNS centers and hypophysiotropic neurons. This review will focus on the CNS regulation of GH secretion and circulating factors which feedback to either stimulate or inhibit its release.
ROLE OF IMPAIRED TRANSMETHYLATION OF EPINEPHRINE IN ETHIONINE-INDUCED HEPATIC FAT ACCUMULATION.

Abstract 1. (1)|Ethionine interieres in vitro with the reaction sequence leading to the transmethylation of epinephrine by competing with methionine for ATP and for the activating enzyme, forming S -adenosylethionine. Catechol- O -methyltransferase does not use S -adenosylethionine as an ethyl donor to epinephrine. 2. (2)|Ethionine treatment blocks the epinephrine-metanephrine pathway in vivo , resulting in a prolonged half-life of epinephrine and in an increase in the proportion of unmethylated 3,4-dihydroxy dihydroxy metabolites in the urine. 3. (3)|Epinephrine stimulates hepatic fat accumulation in adrenalectomized cortisone- and ethionine-treated rats, while metanephrine is ineffective. This indicates that the transmethylation is a true inactivation of epinephrine, and blocking of this inactivation prolongs the action of epinephrine on fat mobilization.
Suppression of cytolytic T-cell activity by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced suppressor cells: role of interleukin 2

Abstract We have previously shown that staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent inducer of suppressor T cells which function to inhibit antibody production in vitro . In the present paper we extend these studies and show that the SEB-induced suppressor cells also inhibit the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes in mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures. Since further analysis also showed that the level of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in cultures of SEB-primed cells was significantly reduced, experiments were carried out to determine the role of IL-2 in the inhibition of cytotoxic cell activity. Attempts to neutralize the suppression by supplementing MLR cocultures with delectinated supernatants from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated rat splenocytes were not successful. In addition, MLR cocultures supplemented on Day 0 with 50 units of affinity-purified IL-2 were also suppressed. Further analysis showed that the IL-2 activity in the supplemented MLR cocultures containing suppressor cells were significantly reduced by Day 3. However, repeated supplementation of the MLR cocultures with exogenous IL-2 was successful in achieving (and maintaining) “normal” levels of IL-2. The cytotoxic cell activity in these MLR cocultures remained suppressed. These results suggest that the inhibition of cytotoxic cell activity by SEB-induced suppressor cells is independent of IL-2 levels in the MLR coculture.
Expanded lattice ruthenium pyrochlore oxide catalysts I. Liquid-phase oxidations of vicinal diols, primary alcohols, and related substrates with molecular oxygen

Abstract Ternary ruthenium oxide oxidation catalysts are reported that function directly with molecular oxygen for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon substrates to carboxyl-containing products. The oxide catalysts have an expanded lattice pyrochlore structure with the general composition A2+xRu2−y(A = Pb, Bi; 0 1,2-diol > primary alcohol) over these oxide catalysts closely follows that reported previously when these oxides are used as anodic electrocatalysts suggesting common surface intermediates. Trickle bed reactor operation provides the highest product selectivity: trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol is oxidatively cleaved to adipate in NaOH solutions with 74 to 95% selectivity at contact times of 0.042 to 0.784 hr and temperatures of 26 to 95°C. The bismuth-containing oxides, Bi2+xRu2−xO7−y, show stable catalyst performance under trickle bed reactor operation for over 180 hr. Complete details of these catalytic oxidations are provided along with a discussion of substrate reaction pathways and oxygen activation by these novel expanded lattice ruthenium pyrochlore oxide catalysts.
Graphic aids for calculating rectifier locomotive performance

THE SUCCESS of any product is often determined by its ability to give customer satisfaction when operated under a wide range of conditions. All too often, these conditions differ appreciably from the specification upon which performance guarantees are based. To assure product satisfaction, the ability to project correctly the knowledge of product behavior from known to unknown regions is essential.
Morphology should not be forgotten in the era of genomics—a phylogenetic perspective

Morphology has traditionally played a pivotal role in animal phylogeny since the first evolutionary biologists began to decipher the animal tree of life. In recent times, however, morphological characters have lost prominence in inferring deep relationships among animals due to fundamental issues with homology statements and the choice of higher taxa as terminals, but most importantly, due to declining costs of generating molecular data. As genomes and transcriptomes become widely available, the burden of evidence from morphology in overcoming molecular tree topologies has become ever heavier. In addition, collection and coding of morphological characters must accelerate and become less subjective. These needs have led to developments in the field of ontology, the use of a controlled and formalized morphological vocabulary. Finally, the role of fossils for dating molecular phylogenies is discussed. While molecules seem to have displaced morphology for phylogenetic inference, the need to incorporate fossils as explicit terminals, including dating of molecular-driven trees, together with new methods for high-throughput morphological data acquisition and annotation, may rescue morphology to become again an important player in phylogenetics. The reasons for maintaining a research program in morphology are thus countless, as ultimately, a zoologist’s interest is to understand form and function, ecology and evolution, as well as all other aspects that may explain how our favorite organisms live, behave and evolve.
Adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy following radical hysterectomy in stage ib ca of the cervix—analysis of treatment failure

Abstract Among 240 patients treated by radiation therapy for clinical Stage III cancer of the cervix between 1969 and 1980, 38 patients received postoperative pelvic radiation therapy after radical hysterectomy because of positive pelvic lymph nodes and/or close surgical margins. The overall recurrence was 45% (17 of 38), and the major complication rate was 15% in minimum 5-year follow-up. In patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes, the pelvic recurrence was 13% (3 of 23). However, distant metastases alone was 26% (6 of 23), which was the most common treatment failure. In 11 patients with close surgical margins, eight patients had paracervical margins and three had vaginal margins. All five patients with paracervical margins treated with vaginal ovoid irradiation only had pelvic recurrence. No local failure occurred in the other three patients treated with whole pelvic irradiation. All patients with vaginal margin alone treated with vaginal ovoid or whole pelvic irradiation had no recurrence of cancer in the pelvis. On the basis of our data, whole pelvic irradiation with or without vaginal ovoid irradiation is necessary in those with a close paracervical margin. In patients with close vaginal margin, whole pelvic irradiation with or without vaginal ovoid irradiation is recommended. The vaginal ovoid irradiation alone should be limited to very selected cases.
Concentration and dispersal of a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom in Penn Cove, Washington, USA.

A bloom of the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, several species of which are associated with the production of the potent excitotoxin domoic acid, was observed in a Puget Sound, Washington embayment in July and August of 1997. Penn Cove, which receives nutrients from the nearby Skagit River and abundant sunshine during summer months due to its location in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, is the home of a commercial mussel farm which supplies shellfish to many coastal areas of the USA. Levels of domoic acid in mussels increased to 3 ppm on 6 and 10 July, corresponding to the observation of a brown algal bloom in Penn Cove. Four species of Pseudo-nitzschia (P. pungens, P. multiseries, P. australis, and P. pseudodelicatissima) were present in our samples from the cove, corresponding to levels of domoic acid in seawater ranging from 0.1–0.8 µg l−1 as measured by a receptor binding assay. The highest Pseudo-nitzschia concentration during the time of our sampling was 13 million cells per liter on 28 July. The bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia occurred after a period of strong discharge from the Skagit River and rain accompanied by elevated south and southeasterly winds. Stratification of the cove, providing optimal bloom conditions, was facilitated by weak winds, sunshine, and a freshwater lens at the mouth of the cove. The position of the Pseudo-nitzschia bloom was influenced by buoyancy fronts caused by exchange of water within the cove with that of Saratoga Passage. The decay of this bloom in Penn Cove was accompanied by decreasing nitrate levels at all measured depths. These and future observations aid in the development of a model for prediction of toxic bloom events in the shallow embayments of Puget Sound. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence of chaotic regimes in the generalized Lorenz canonical form: a competitive modes analysis

The recently-developed technique of competitive modes analysis is applied to determine parameter regimes for which the generalized Lorenz canonical form, a system constructed by Celikovsky and Chen, which holds many other chaotic systems (such as the Lorenz system, the Lu system, the Chen system, and the Shimizu–Morioka system), may exhibit chaotic behavior. We verify that the generalized Lorenz canonical form exhibits interesting behaviors in the many parameter regimes thus obtained, thereby demonstrating the great utility of the competitive modes approach in delineating chaotic regimes in multi-parameter systems, where their identification can otherwise involve tedious numerical searches.
Transforming psychotherapy in order to succeed with adolescent boys: male-friendly practices.

The purpose of this article is to describe a "male-friendly" therapeutic process with troubled adolescent boys. A male-friendly process is one in which the therapist employs a wide variety of strategies and activities that are likely to appeal to male youth and that facilitate the establishment and maintenance of rapport. The nuances of practicing a male-friendly approach are highlighted and then applied in a case study of psychotherapy with a depressed adolescent boy. The implications of this approach for redefining professional conceptions about boundaries in the client-therapist relationship and reexamining inaccurate stereotypes about the emotional lives of boys are discussed.
Dietary Docosahexanoic Acid (DHA) Effects upon the Rat Pup Auditory System• 1526

Rats fed diets high in n3 fatty acids have lower whole brain levels of myelin basic protein, lower activities of 2′-3′cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase(an indicator of myelination) (DiBiase & Salvati, 1997), and longer auditory brainstem conduction times (ABCTs) (Saste et al., in press). We investigated the effects of varying levels of the n3 fatty acid DHA upon development of the rat pup auditory system.Methods: Dams were fed, from day 2 of gestation and throughout lactation, a purified diet whose fat source (22% of cals) was a vegetable oil blend supplemented with an algae oil containing 0% or 3% DHA. On postnatal day(pnd) 3, pups were culled to 10 per dam and were randomly cross fostered among dams of the same diet group to minimize litter effects (n=6 dams per diet group, 60 pups per diet group). Milk from culled pup stomachs was used for fatty acid analysis. On pnd 15, auditory electromyelographic reflexes (AEMR) to 130 db peak sound pressure level clicks were recorded from needle electrodes placed in the muscle of the thigh of 20 pups per diet group; pups were then sacrificed and brainstems removed for fatty acid analysis. For the remaining 40 pups per diet group, ABCTs were measured on pnd 24 and 31, and the postnatal day of appearance of the auditory startle reflex was determined. An additional group of dams fed 1% DHA diet had pups whose weight gains were 2/3 that of dams fed the 0% or 3% DHA diets; data from these pups are not presented. Results: Length of gestation, maternal weight gains and pup weights on pnd 3 did not differ between diet groups. Weight gains to pnd 12 were slightly lower among pups of dams fed the 3% DHA diet. The fatty acid composition of dam milk and pup brainstems reflected maternal diet. AEMRs were not different, however, ABCTs on pnd 24 were longer and the time of appearance of the auditory startle reflex was later in pups of dams fed 3% DHA.Conclusion: High levels of dietary DHA during development may be associated with delays in myelination of the central nervous system as suggested by longer ABCTs and a delay in appearance of the auditory startle reflex. Similar AEMRs between diet groups suggest minimal effects upon the peripheral nervous system. Table
Correcting the circular dichroism spectra of peptides for contributions of absorbing side chains.

The aromatic and sulfur-containing side chains Trp, Tyr, Phe, Cys, and Met contribute to the CD spectra of peptides and proteins in the amide region, interfering with the analysis for secondary structure. We propose a method to correct the CD spectra of peptides undergoing the helix-coil transition for contributions due to absorbing side chains using singular value decomposition. The method uses the common basis vectors obtained from an analysis of the CD spectra of related peptides without the aromatic and sulfur-containing amino acids. The common basis vectors are fitted to a portion of the CD spectrum of the peptide being corrected, in the range that is unaffected by its sidechain contributions. Then the resulting coefficients from the fitting are used along with the common basis vectors to regenerate the entire corrected spectrum. The method is illustrated for the CD spectra of the peptide sequence acetyl-Y-VAXAK-VAXAK-VAXAK-amide, where X is substituted with the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. This peptide model adopts a random-coil conformation in 2 mm sodium phosphate buffer, pH 5.5, and becomes an alpha helix in methanol/buffer solutions. The difference between the original and corrected spectra shows the contribution from the aromatic and sulfur-containing side chains.
Outcome After Failure of Second Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Treatment As First-line Therapy for Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Introduction The outcome of patients with CML who discontinue 2G-TKI initial therapy is unknown. We analyzed the characteristics of patients in whom treatment with first-line 2G-TKIs had failed.
Paediatricians' attitudes about discussing maternal depression during a paediatric primary care visit.

Objectives To assess paediatricians’ beliefs about discussing maternal depressive symptoms during a paediatric visit, and methods paediatricians use to identify mothers with depressive symptoms. Methods In-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 23 primary care paediatricians from a practice-based research network. We asked a series of previously developed questions about discussing maternal depressive symptoms during a paediatric visit; methods used to identify mothers at risk; barriers encountered, and potential strategies to improve recognition and treatment of maternal depression. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were codified and analysed using standard qualitative data techniques. Results All paediatricians agreed that it is appropriate to ask mothers about their own health during a well-child visit, because a mother’s well-being affects her children. Paediatricians relied on observational cues to identify a mother with depressive symptoms, especially mother–child interactions. Few used direct questions or a checklist. Almost all paediatricians felt that lack of time was the barrier most often faced in addressing maternal depression. Lack of training, inadequate knowledge of resources and distractions encountered in the primary care setting were additional barriers cited. One-third of paediatricians acknowledged the fear of judgement and stigma that a mother may face when discussing maternal stresses. Paediatricians desired better ability to refer mothers to social workers for help. Conclusions Observational cues are used more often than direct questions or screening tools to identify mothers at risk of depression. This may under-identify mothers at risk. Paediatricians prefer to rely on other professionals, particularly social services, to address maternal depression, yet mothers may be hesitant or ambivalent about such assistance because of fear of judgement. Paediatricians, in fact, may be the professional mothers most want to communicate with. Thus, appreciation of mothers’ perspectives, empathetic communication skills and knowledge of community resources can enhance paediatricians’ abilities to assist mothers at risk for depression.
First-principles aided thermodynamic modeling of the Nb–Re system

Abstract A thermodynamic description of the Nb–Re binary system is developed by means of the CALPHAD method using present first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and experimental data in the literature. In addition to terminal solution phases, there are two intermetallic phases in the system, sigma (σ) and chi (χ), all modeled with sublattice models. Special quasirandom structures (SQS) are employed to mimic the random mixing of the bcc, hcp, and fcc solid solution phases. It is found that the enthalpy of mixing predicted from first-principles calculations is positive for the hcp and fcc solid solution phases, while negative for the bcc solid solution phase. Finite temperature thermodynamic properties of end-members and dilute mixing in each sublattice of the complex σ and χ phases are predicted from first-principles calculations and the Debye–Gruneisen model. The calculated phase diagram agrees well with selected experimental phase equilibrium data in the literature.
Cultural difference in image tagging

Do people from different cultures tag digital images differently? The current study compared the content of tags for digital images created by two cultural groups: European Americans and Chinese. In line with previous findings on cultural differences in attentional patterns, we found similar cultural differences in the order of the image parts (e.g., foreground or background objects) that people tag. We found that for European Americans, the first tag was more likely assigned to the main objects than that by Chinese; but for Chinese, the first tag was more likely assigned to the overall description or relations between objects in the images. The findings had significant implications for designing cultural-sensitive tools to facilitate the tagging and search process of digital media, as well as for developing data-mining tools that identify user profiles based on their tagging patterns and cultural origins.
Integrin signaling in fibrosis and scleroderma.

Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors for extracellular matrix proteins. As well as mediating cell attachment and the bulk of force transduction from the cytoskeleton, they convey signals from the extracellular matrix to the cell. α1β1 and α2β1 are the major collagen receptors in this family. α1β1 provides negative feedback on collagen synthesis, whereas α2β1 stimulates the synthesis of matrix metalloproteases. Each receptor modulates the signaling activity of the other to coordinate matrix synthesis and remodeling. Expression of both is reduced in scleroderma despite a paracrine environment which would be expected to upregulate them. Deficiencies in the integrins correlate with upregulated collagen synthesis and downregulated metalloprotease synthesis seen during the disease.
Potential dependent structure of single crystal gold interfaces in alkaline electrolyte: an in situ X-ray scattering study

Abstract An X-ray scattering study of the structure of gold (001), (111), and (011) single crystals in 0.1M KOH electrolyte found that all three faces were reconstructed in the potential region where hydroxyl coverage was low. For the (001) and (111) surfaces, the reconstruction had a structure generally similar to the vacuum reconstruction (i.e. discommensurate distorted hexagonal and uniaxial compression, respectively). The (011) surface had a (1 × 3) “missing row” reconstruction, the same as found in neutral salt electrolytes, but different from the vacuum (1 × 2) reconstruction. The potentials at which the reconstruction formation and removal began were similar for all three faces. The kinetics of the reconstruction formation and removal were generally faster than in acidic electrolytes with non-adsorbing anions. The significant differences in the kinetics of transformation between the three faces were attributed to the markedly different density changes between the (1 × 1) and reconstructed structures and the consequent surface diffusion requirements.
Effects of Mexican Immigrant Parents' Daily Workplace Discrimination on Child Behavior and Family Functioning.

This study investigated Mexican immigrant parents’ reports of perceived workplace discrimination and their children's behavior, parents’ moods, and parent–child interactions. Parents of one hundred and thirty-eight 3- to 5-year-old children were asked to complete one survey daily for 2 weeks (N = 1,592 days). On days when fathers perceived discrimination, fathers and mothers reported more externalizing child behaviors, and mothers reported fewer positive child behaviors. When mothers perceived discrimination, they reported more externalizing child behaviors; fathers reported more internalizing child behaviors. Parents reported worse mood on days with perceived discrimination. Perceived discrimination was not strongly related to parent–child interactions. For fathers, but less so for mothers, those whose psychological acculturation indicated separation had more negative relations between daily perceived workplace discrimination and child and family outcomes.
Colour vision, evolution, and perceptual content

Computational models of colour vision assume that the biological function of colour vision is to detect surface reflectance. Some philosophers invoke these models as a basis for ‘externalism’ about perceptual content (content is distal) and ‘objectivism’ about colour (colour is surface reflectance). In an earlier article (Thompson et al. 1992), I criticised the ‘computational objectivist’ position on the basis of comparative colour vision: There are fundamental differences among the colour vision of animals and these differences do not converge on the detection of any single type of environmental property. David R. Hilbert (1992) has recently defended computational objectivism against my ‘comparative argument’; his arguments are based on the externalist approach to perceptual content originally developed by Mohan Matthen (1988) and on the computationally inspired theory of the evolutionary basis for trichromacy developed by Roger N. Shepard (1990). The present article provides a reply to Hilbert with extensive criticism of both Matthen's and Shepard's theories. I argue that the biological function of colour vision is not to detect surface reflectance, but to provide a set of perceptual categories that can apply to objects in a stable way in a variety of conditions. Comparative research indicates that both the perceptual categories and the distal stimuli will differ according to the animal and its visual ecology, therefore externalism and objectivism must be rejected.
Effects of Time and Movements of the Preshot Routine on Free Throw Shooting

This study examined the effects of length and movements of preshot routines on free throw shooting in basketball. 17 members of an intercollegiate men's basketball team attempted 20 free throws in ...
Cardiovascular autonomic function and sympathetic skin response in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Quantitative cardiovascular autonomic function tests (AFTs) and sympathetic skin response (SSR) were performed in 12 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Parasympathetic autonomic function was examined by Valsalva ratio and R-R interval variation during rest and deep breathing. Sympathetic autonomic function was evaluated by blood pressure responses to sustained handgrip and active standing. Using quantitative AFTs, subclinical autonomic dysfunction was demonstrated in three (25%) patients. Abnormal SSR was seen in six (50%) patients. Thus, mild autonomic dysfunction is present in many CIDP patients. The autonomic abnormalities involve parasympathetic or sympathetic components; in the sympathetic nervous system, both vasomotor and sudomotor fibers may be involved.
Hypothermia‐induced retrograde amnesia in mature and aged rats

Mature (10-month-old) and aged (25-month-old) rats were trained on a passive avoidance task. Following training, rats in each age group were exposed to a hypothermia treatment, restraint alone, or no treatment. The hypothermia treatment involved immersing the mature rats in 4 degrees C water for 12 min and immersing the aged rats in 1 degrees C water for 12 min. This treatment reduced the body temperature of both age groups to an equivalent temperature (22 degrees C). Following immersion, the body temperature of the aged rats continued to decline to a lower level and recovered at a slower rate than the mature rat's temperatures. When all rats were tested 24 hr after training for retention of the avoidance task, mature rats performed better than aged rats when trained with the same shock intensity. Increasing the shock duration for the aged rats eliminated the performance differences on the passive avoidance task between ages. Rats exposed to hypothermia showed poorer retention of the task (i.e., retrograde amnesia) than all control conditions. However, no age differences in the degree of amnesia induced by the hypothermia treatment were apparent once age groups were equated on the intensity of the amnesic agent (hypothermia) and degree of initial learning.
Informed consent and orthodontics

The legal doctrine of informed consent has struck a chord of fear in most dental practitioners today. This, in turn, has caused many orthodontists to assume a defensive attitude in their practices. A better posture might be to use informed consent to their own and their patients' best advantage. This is accomplished by using the doctrine to enhance patients' education and understanding of their orthodontic problems, the benefits of corrective therapy, any risks associated therewith, and viable treatment alternatives. The end result is an open and honest relationship with the patients, which promotes doctor/patient autonomy.
Decontamination Reactions of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants with Alcohols in the Basic Ionic Liquid Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide/1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide

Increased acts of international terrorism called for the development of rapid and reliable chemical agent decontamination reactions to minimize human exposure and material loss. Even though many chemical reaction processes have been reported, most remain unattractive for various reasons. In order to eliminate many of the adversities, these processes were studied in an ionic liquid solvent. In this report, we describe the reaction between chemical warfare simulants with alcohols in the ionic liquid 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimmidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide made basic with tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate. The chemical agent simulants used in this study were diisopropylfluorophosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, and chloroethylphenyl sulfide, which simulate agents GD, VX, and HD, respectively. The reactions were rapid, and products were identified by LC/MS-TOF and GC/MS. All of the reaction products of the VX and HD simulants remained in the ionic liquid, whereas the products from GD si...
Local variation of 13C and 18O content of mollusk shells and the relatively minor temperature effect in marginal marine environments

Oxygen isotopic data for modern shells from known environments are interpreted as indicating that δ18O of fossil shells can not be used as a basis for conclusions regarding palaeotemperatures in marginal marine environments of ancient seas, because the temperature effect is masked by larger effects due to river water additions and to evaporation and restricted mixing, which cause local variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of the water. The carbon isotopic data can be more clearly and unambiguously related to environment. Shell samples from marginal and intermediate salinity environments exhibit a progressive increase of 13C12C ratio in the direction of increasing marine influence and decreasing influence of continental organic material and derived CO2. There is a general positive correlation between salinity of the water and the 13C-content of shell carbonate, but that correlation does not extend to all of the sample groups from marginal lagoons, where ambiguous carbon isotopic compositions may result from the effects of abundant aquatic vegetation combined with restricted mixing with open marine waters. In attempting to apply carbon isotopic analyses of fossil carbonate to palaeogeography and to the interpretation of ancient near-shore environments, it probably will be more generally meaningful to relate the carbon isotope ratio of fossils to proximity to sources of continental carbon, rather than to palaeosalinity.
ANALYTIC EXPRESSION FOR A CLASS OF GREEN'S FUNCTIONS

Abstract The Green's function (H o −z) -1 =∫( ∑ 1 n p 2 k −z) -1 exp (i ∑ 1 n p k ⋯ r k ) п 1 n d 3 p k for n free particles is evaluated in closed form for arbitrary n.
Photoionization from Sn4d in SnS2: Evidence for a “second threshold”

Note: Stoffel, ng, univ wisconsin,dept phys,madison,wi 53706.ISI Document Delivery No.: JF465 Reference LSE-ARTICLE-1980-016doi:10.1016/0375-9601(80)90576-9 Record created on 2006-10-03, modified on 2017-05-12
The 104th Congress at midpoint of year one.

Some months ago I referred child psychiatric nurses and other reader of the column to your investment in the reality of the new landscape in Washington. While startling results took place with the election of 1994 in the composition of our U.S. Congress, the proposed agenda is even more alarming for advocates of vulnerable groups, such as children and youth. The new language centers on reinventing government, deregulation, public $ for limited public targets that clearly show impact, and balanced budget. While these are not necessarily negative goals in and of themselves, the difficulty comes with the underlying losses in accomplishing them. The House Republican “Contract With America” which calls for 354 billion in tax cuts has received more press coverage than the “New Deal” from its inception to present time. At midpoint of year one the new congress has achieved most of the minor agenda scheduled. There is still balanced budget, welfare reform, government reengineering and state block grant programs to be accomplished. Unfortunately, politics has one again taken the spotlight from action for the constituents. In the forefront are candidates positioning for the 1996 Presidential election.
Mitosis sequence detection using hidden conditional random fields

We propose a fully-automated mitosis event detector using hidden conditional random fields for cell populations imaged with time-lapse phase contrast microscopy. The method consists of two stages that jointly optimize recall and precision. First, we apply model-based microscopy image preconditioning and volumetric segmentation to identify candidate spatiotemporal sub-regions in the input image sequence where mitosis potentially occurred. Then, we apply a learned hidden conditional random field classifier to classify each candidate sequence as mitosis or not. The proposed detection method achieved 95% precision and 85% recall in very challenging image sequences of multipolar-shaped C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. The superiority of the method was further demonstrated by comparisons with conditional random field and support vector machine classifiers. Moreover, the proposed method does not depend on empirical parameters, ad hoc image processing, or cell tracking; and can be straightforwardly adapted to different cell types.