cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How perceptions of justice affect security attitudes: suggestions for practitioners and researchers

Purpose – Surveillance is seen as an important tool to prevent security breaches and may improve prosecutorial ability, but employees may engage in subtitle counterproductive behaviors in protest. This poses significant risks and costs to employers. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of a previous field study of the influences from justice perceptions as mitigation and prescribe some methods for addressing the issues that are raised.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from protection motivation theory, the psychological contract, and the systems of organizational justice, a threat control model about surveillance attitudes is field‐tested in a randomized design.Findings – Trust and perceptions of justice mediated attitudes about surveillance practices; and threat severity and efficacy of surveillance in maintaining security moderated attitudes about corporate surveillance are founded.Originality/value – The paper illustrates the theoretical linkages between surveillance practices and ...
Renal pressure-flow relationships in severely hypertensive rabbits.

AbstractThe relationship between renal perfusion pressure and renal blood flow (RBF) was studied in the contralateral or not-clipped kidneys of seven two-kidney one-clip renovascular severely hyper...
EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BRADYARRHYTHMIAS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Bradyarrhythmias may be due to varied causes, although acute myocardial infarction, hypoxia, sepsis, and hypothermia should be considered. Emergency department therapy consists of treatment of the underlying cause, pharmacologic interventions, and temporary pacing. This article provides a detailed discussion of the causes and treatment of bradyarrhythmias in the emergency department.
Nano-chemo-mechanical sensor array platform for high-throughput chemical analysis

We have developed a 2-D multiplexed cantilever array platform for high-throughput nanomechanical chemical sensing and analysis. After coating the cantilevers with alkane thiols having different functional end groups, we have performed vapor phase chemical sensing experiments with toluene and water vapor as targets. To overcome non-uniform responses caused by fabrication and imaging issues, the chemical response of each cantilever is self-calibrated using the thermal response of each cantilever. From these experiments, we could observe chemically induced nanoscale motion of cantilevers for various humidity or vapor concentration levels, and response differentiation with different functional end groups of thiols.
AWARE (Asymmetric Write Architecture With REdundant Blocks): A High Write Speed STT-MRAM Cache Architecture

Spin-transfer torque magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) is a promising memory technology for lower level caches because of its high density and nonvolatile nature. However, the high write latency is a bottleneck to its widespread adoption as the future on-chip memory. In this paper, we propose a new cache architecture-asymmetric write architecture with redundant blocks (AWARE)-that can improve the write latency by taking advantage of the asymmetric write characteristics of 1T-1MTJ STT-MRAM bit-cells. Due to the nature of the storage element in STT-MRAM, the time required for the two-state transitions ( 1→ 0 and 0→ 1) is not identical. In other words, one of the state transitions is slower than the other direction. In conventional cache architecture, the overall write latency is limited by the slower transition. However, the AWARE cache design introduces redundant blocks in each row, and they are preset to the initial state that enables the faster transition. Hence the write operations performed in these redundant blocks are much faster than the conventional write scheme. The write latency in AWARE is improved by 30% over conventional cache architecture with no area penalty in the data array. Moreover, the additional tag bits introduced in this technique result in penalty on the total cache area. In addition, the write energy increases modestly by 7% in the proposed cache design. However, this write-energy increase can be mitigated by sacrificing the cache capacity.
Investigating Not-Knowing: Research Methodology

SUMMARY Phenomenology offers a unique and useful approach to understanding how people experience events or phenomena. The method is particularly instructive in exploring how youth workers experience and make sense of moments of not-knowing in the context of their professional relationships with young people. This chapter provides an introduction to phenomenological research, including its theoretical foundations and procedures. The research methods of this study, including participant recruitment, interview format, data analysis, and presentation, are included, as are the five themes associated with the experience of not knowing what to do: (a) the paralysis of stuckness, (b) features of despair, (c) humiliation and the fear of being found out, (d) questions of vocation and calling, and (e) the transition from not-knowing to knowing.
Cellular functions of TC10, a Rho family GTPase: regulation of morphology, signal transduction and cell growth.

Cellular functions of TC10, a Rho family GTPase: regulation of morphology, signal transduction and cell growth
3CR249.1 and Ton202—luminous QSOs in interacting systems

The morphologies of the extended emission-line regions around the QSOs 3CR249.1 and Ton202 indicate that they have, in both cases, resulted from interactions between two galaxies of roughly equal mass and that the galaxies involved possessed extensive rotating gaseous disks before their encounters. These two examples provide support for the position that luminous QSOs are frequently activated by violent interactions. More generally, the distribution of gas around luminous QSOs promises to be a sensitive and useful indicator of the recent history of their physical environment.
Single-Cell Phenotyping within Transparent Intact Tissue through Whole-Body Clearing

Understanding the structure-function relationships at cellular, circuit, and organ-wide scale requires 3D anatomical and phenotypical maps, currently unavailable for many organs across species. At the root of this knowledge gap is the absence of a method that enables whole-organ imaging. Herein, we present techniques for tissue clearing in which whole organs and bodies are rendered macromolecule-permeable and optically transparent, thereby exposing their cellular structure with intact connectivity. We describe PACT (passive clarity technique), a protocol for passive tissue clearing and immunostaining of intact organs; RIMS (refractive index matching solution), a mounting media for imaging thick tissue; and PARS (perfusion-assisted agent release in situ), a method for whole-body clearing and immunolabeling. We show that in rodents PACT, RIMS, and PARS are compatible with endogenous-fluorescence, immunohistochemistry, RNA single-molecule FISH, long-term storage, and microscopy with cellular and subcellular resolution. These methods are applicable for high-resolution, high-content mapping and phenotyping of normal and pathological elements within intact organs and bodies.
Variability in odor-modulated flight by moths

Based on previous studies of odor-modulated flight where track parameter data was lumped and averaged, the speed and orientation of the moths' movement along their flight tracks have been said to be controlled to maintain certain “preferred” values. The results from our fine-scaled analysis of this behavior show that none of the track parameters typically measured are held constant. The moths' speed along the flight track is modulated substantially and predictably: fastest along the straight legs and slowest around the turns. In addition, about half of the individuals studied progressively reduced the peak speed along the straight legs as they approached the pheromone source. While most of the track legs between the turns were directed upwind, their orientations were widely distributed, indicating no preferred direction. Small fluctuations of orientation along some straight legs suggest corrective maneuvers to stabilize flight direction about an internal set point. The visual inputs hypothesized to control steering and speed, transverse and longitudinal image flow, changed continuously during upwind flight in pheromone, but no regular relationship between them was observed. We found that the orientation of the longitudinal body axis and the direction of thrust (course angle) were only rarely coincident during upwind flight to the odor source, suggesting that moths receive sensory input which differs quantitatively from that calculated by conventional methods. Our results strongly suggest that the long-accepted hypothetical mechanisms of control for this behavior do not operate in the manner in which they have been proposed.
The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2

Readers of this book will generally fit into two groups. One group consists of geologists and geochemists, who have studied the global carbon cycle for many decades. These readers will find that the papers in this book present a new view of familiar themes. Whereas much previous work on the carbon cycle and other geochemical cycles has emphasized the nature of the steady state maintained by complex networks of feedbacks, recent attention has shifted to the changes implied by the way these feedbacks respond to perturbations.
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases

The cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk2 associates with cyclins A, D, and E and has been implicated in the control of the G1 to S phase transition in mammals. To identify potential Cdk2 regulators, we have employed an improved two-hybrid system to isolate human genes encoding Cdk-interacting proteins (Cips). CIP1 encodes a novel 21 kd protein that is found in cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and Cdk2 immunoprecipitates. p21CIP1 is a potent, tight-binding inhibitor of Cdks and can inhibit the phosphorylation of Rb by cyclin A-Cdk2, cyclin E-Cdk2, cyclin D1-Cdk4, and cyclin D2-Cdk4 complexes. Cotransfection experiments indicate that CIP1 and SV40 T antigen function in a mutually antagonistic manner to control cell cycle progression.
Cuprate superconductors from the viewpoint of strong correlation

There is now a growing consensus that the physics of cuprate superconductors is dominated by strong correlation and that the fundamental challenge to the theorist is to achieve an understanding of the doped Mott-Hubbard insulator. From this viewpoint, the Hubbard and the t-J models are reasonable Hamiltonians to study. I shall review the gauge theory description of the t-J model. I shall discuss two recent advances: 1) the study of bosons in a strongly fluctuating gauge field in collaboration with Derek Lee and Don Kim, and 2) the descripton of the underdoped regime, focusing on the photoemission spectra and the relation to the spin gap phenomenon, in collaboration with Xiao-Gang Wen.
Distributed Control In The Multi-Sensor Kernel System

The Multi-sensor Kernel System (MKS) has been introduced as a convenient mechanism for specifying multi-sensor systems and their implementations. In this paper, we demonstrate how control issues can be handled in the context of MKS. In particular, the Logical Sensor Specification is extended to include a control mechanism which permits control information to (1) flow from more centralized processing to more peripheral processes, and (2) be generated locally in the logical sensor by means of a micro-expert system specific to the interface represented by the given logical sensor. Examples are given including a scheme for controlling the Utah/MIT dextrous hand.
Taking a Stand on the Meanings of Stand: Bodily Experience as Motivation for Polysemy

A travers quatre experiences, les As. examinent le role que des experiences corporelles jouent dans la comprehension que differentes personnes peuvent avoir du terme polysemique stand. Ils veulent montrer que les theories de la semantique psychologique doivent rendre compte non seulement de l'organisation des mots polysemiques dans le lexique mental, mais doivent egalement etre capables d'expliquer pourquoi les differents sens d'un mot font sens d'une facon ou d'une autre chez les individus
Combining academic studies with it certifications: becoming a cisco regional academy

Influenced by unprecedented growth in the IT industry, especially in the Washington, DC metropolitan area, George Mason University (Mason) has become a Cisco Regional Academy from which extra educational benefits have been derived. Since becoming a Cisco Regional Academy in 2004, Mason now has 16 Local Academies in its jurisdiction which includes Arlington, Loudoun, Fairfax, Shenandoah, Warren, Prince William, Frederick Counties of Virginia, and Howard University in the District of Columbia. Fourteen Local Academies are now active with approximately 300 High School, Community College and College students enrolled in total. The Northern Virginia Community College System's Manassas and Alexandria Campuses recently activated Cisco Local Academies with two instructors currently in training. These new academies will increase Mason's Regional Academy activity to 16 active Local Academies. This growth in the Regional Academy is supported by the demand for IT system engineers and design specialists with AS and BS degrees and industry certifications.Mason also has a Local Academy with students enrolling on a voluntary basis. Because academic studies take precedence over this voluntary course, the number of students completing the Cisco curriculum has been low. The Local Academy is conducted on a Blended Distance Learning Basis. Two of the academic program's networking courses now include Cisco Academy enrollment; this provides the use of PacketTracer 5.0 to perform lab tasks in a virtual environment not requiring physical equipment. Physical equipment is still used in the lab studies to prepare graduates for the real world environment.This paper expands on the benefits of students graduating with a BS in IT academic degree augmented with the knowledge to become industry IT certified.
Aflatoxin B1 Alters the Expression of P53 in Cytochrome P450-expressing Human Lung Cells

Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a potent dietary hepatocarcinogen in animals and probably in humans. Mutations (and altered expression) of the tumor suppresser gene p53 have been observed in liver tumors from patients exposed tohigh dietary AFB 1 . Inhalation of AfB 1 -laden grain dusts has been associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer in humans as well. We examined the effects of low concentrations of AFB 1 on the expression of p53 and MDM2 in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) transfected with cDNA for either cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 (B-CMV1A2) or CYP 3A4 (B3A4), two isozymes that are responsible for AFB 1 activation in human liver and possibly the lung. Untreated B-CMV1A2 and B3A4 cells constitutively expressed p53. Exposure to a range (0.015-15 μM for 30 min) of AFB 1 concentrations caused a concentration-dependent decline in p53 expression in B-CMV1A2 cells, and to a lesser extent, in B3A4 cells. The AFB 1 -mediated decrease in p53 continued for at least 12 h after 30-min exposures to 1.5 μM AFB 1 . Mirroring the decrease in p53 expression was a concentration-dependent increase in the expression of the 76-kDa MDM2 isoform in B-CMV1A2 and B-3A4 cells. Interestingly, AFB 1 did not induce DNA laddering, an indicator of apoptotic cell death, but proteolytic activation of caspase-3 was detected in AFB 1 -treated B-CVM1A2 cells. In total, these data show that low, environmentally-relevant concentrations of AFB 1 alter the expression of p53 and MDM2 in these human lung cells, and that cells that stably express CYP 1A2 were more susceptible to this effect than nontransfected, or 3A4-expressing cells.
Graphical displays: implications for divided attention, focused attention, and problem solving

When completing tasks in complex, dynamic domains observers must consider the relationships among many variables (e.g., integrated tasks) as well as the values of individual variables (e.g., focused tasks). A critical issue in display design is whether or not a single display format can achieve the dual design goals of supporting performance at both types of tasks. We consider this issue from a variety of perspectives. One relevant perspective is the basic research on attention and object perception, which concentrates on the interaction between visual features and processing capabilities. The principles of configurality are discussed, with the conclusion that they support the possibility of achieving the dual design goals. These considerations are necessary but not sufficient for effective display design. Graphic displays map information from a domain into visual features; the tasks to be completed are defined in terms of the domain, not in terms of the visual features alone. The implications of this subtle but extremely important difference are discussed. The laboratory research investigating alternative display formats is reviewed. Much like the attention literature, the results do not rule out the possibility that the dual design goals can be achieved.
Nestling tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) diets in an upland old field in western Michigan.

Abstract We collected and identified 1852 prey items from 89 boluses delivered to 62 nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at 14 nests in an upland old field in western Michigan. We found that 90.8% of nestling diets was insects from the Orders Diptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. We also found clam and snail shells in boluses. Over the most common brood sizes of 4–6 nestlings, brood size was inversely proportional to the number of items per bolus delivered to nestlings although mean dry and mean organic weight of boluses did not differ. Bolus composition was not influenced by weather conditions. Nestling diets at our study site were similar in the proportions of many prey items, such as Diptera and Homoptera, to tree swallow nestling diets in other habitats but contained fewer aquatic forms such as Odonata and Ephemeroptera.
Origin of Satin Spar Veins in Evaporite Basins

ABSTRACT Satin spar (fibrous gypsum) veins occur in rocks overlying evaporites in the Amadeus Basin, Australia; Appalachian Basin, USA; Cheshire Basin, England; Elk Point Basin, Canada; Palo Duro Basin, USA; Paradox Basin, USA, and Zechstein Basin, England. These antitaxial veins, which are characterized by central partings and near-vertical fibers, fill horizontal and inclined fractures. Most satin spar veins occur in highly fractured or brecciated clastic strata that overlie or are associated with bedded halite, anhydrite, and gypsum. Saline springs are commonly present, indicating that halite dissolution is active. The similarities in morphology and occurrences of these veins suggest a common genesis. Satin spar veins result from several simultaneously active processes. Recharge of low-salinity surface water results in dissolution of shallow ( 200 m to 750 m deep) halite, development of cavernous porosity, and formation of extensional fractures in the rock column overlying salt-dissolution zones. Greater solubility of anhydrite than gypsum at low temperatures and at salinities below halite saturation causes hydration of anhydrite to gypsum, which takes place without significant volume change. Once groundwater is saturated with respect to gypsum, any further anhydrite hydration and solution must result in supersaturation, and the excess CaSO4 carried by ground water flowin from dissolution zones precipitates as gypsum in open, high-permeability fractures.
An emerging role for the miR-26 family in cardiovascular disease

In response to acute myocardial infarction (MI), a complex series of cellular and molecular signaling events orchestrate the myocardial remodeling that ensues weeks to months after injury. Clinical, epidemiological, and pathological studies demonstrate that inadequate or impaired angiogenesis after myocardial injury is often associated with decreased left ventricular (LV) function and clinical outcomes. The microRNA family, miR-26, plays diverse roles in regulating key aspects of cellular growth, development, and activation. Recent evidence supports a central role for the miR-26 family in cardiovascular disease by controlling critical signaling pathways, such as BMP/SMAD1 signaling, and targets relevant to endothelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and LV function post-MI. Emerging studies of the miR-26 family in other cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes suggest that miR-26 may bear important implications for a range of cardiovascular repair mechanisms. This review examines the current knowledge of the miR-26 family's role in key cell types that critically control cardiovascular disease under pathological and physiological stimuli.
Property tax in Indonesia: measuring and explaining administrative (under‐) performance

One of the arguments made by some Indonesian government officials in defence of continued central control over the property tax is that it has performed well under their authority and that its decentralisation would inevitably result in weaker operations and outcomes. The property tax has indeed grown remarkably well over the past 15 years. This growth, however, has been from a very low base, has been dominated by increased revenues from the mining sector and has been driven by a small number of sub-national governments. Recently, only around 40% of local sector property tax potential has been realised under central control, given the existing tax rate and base. Property valuations are the most problematic aspect of administration but tax coverage and collections are also sub-standard. While there may, in fact, be insufficient local government capacity to manage the property tax, even to current levels of performance, this problem could be solved by transferring the relevant central staff to local governments, as has been carried out in other newly decentralised sectors. But even before tax administration is devolved, local governments could at least be given some authority over the property tax rate, presently one of the lowest in the world. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep debt: Theoretical and empirical issues

The term ‘sleep debt’ is widely used to describe the effects of sleep loss. The construct of sleep debt, however, is poorly defined in the scientific literature. Cumulative build-up of sleep pressure appears to be a key feature of sleep debt. The concepts of ‘core sleep’ and ‘basal sleep need’ have been proposed to provide a theoretical framework, albeit without strong empirical basis. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to sleep debt may be possible over time, but experimental evidence for this hypothesis is ambiguous. Recent experiments using chronic sleep restriction have revealed significant effects of sleep debt on daytime sleep latency and behavioral alertness. In a series of strictly controlled laboratory studies, we found that sleep debt can lead to fundamentally different daytime responses, depending on whether homeostatic sleep pressure (as measured in the waking electroencephalogram (EEG)) or behavioral alertness (as measured with psychomotor vigilance lapses) is considered. This suggests the existence of an as yet unidentified regulatory mechanism of waking neurobehavioral function. To study the nature of this regulatory process under chronic sleep restriction, advantage can be taken of the natural variability in sleep need frequently cited in the literature. We also obtained evidence for interindividual differences in vulnerability to sleep loss regardless of sleep need. Statistical modeling of the effects of chronic sleep restriction on behavioral alertness, taking into account these interindividual differences, provided a reference for defining sleep debt. The results suggested that sleep debt may be defined as the cumulative hours of sleep loss with respect to a subject-specific daily need for sleep.
Adult-generated hippocampal and neocortical neurons in macaques have a transient existence

Previously we reported that new neurons are added to the hippocampus and neocortex of adult macaque monkeys. Here we compare the production and survival of adult-generated neurons and glia in the dentate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, and inferior temporal cortex. Twelve adult macaques were injected with the thymidine analogue BrdUrd, and the phenotypes of labeled cells were examined after 2 h, 24 h, 2 wk, 5 wk, 9 wk, and 12 wk by using the following immunocytochemical markers: for immature and mature neurons, class III β-tubulin (TuJ1); for mature neurons, neuronal nuclei; for astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein; and for oligodendrocytes, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase. We found that the dentate gyrus had many more BrdUrd-labeled cells than either neocortical area. Furthermore, a greater percentage of BrdUrd-labeled cells expressed a neuronal marker in the dentate gyrus than in either neocortical area. The number of new cells in all three areas declined by 9 wk after BrdUrd labeling, suggesting that some of the new cells have a transient existence. BrdUrd-labeled cells also were found in the subventricular zone and in the white matter between the lateral ventricle and neocortex; some of the latter cells were double-labeled for BrdUrd and TuJ1. Adult neocortical neurogenesis is not restricted to primates. Five adult rats were injected with BrdUrd, and after a 3-wk survival time, there were cells double-labeled for BrdUrd and either TuJ1 or neuronal nuclei in the anterior neocortex as well as the dentate gyrus.
Seasonal variation in colony size of Brazilian free-tailed bats at Carlsbad Cavern based on thermal imaging

The colony of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico, is a wellknown example of this highly gregarious and conspicuous species in North America. For nearly a century researchers have tried to estimate the size of this colony, but different census methods and lack of repeatability have resulted in questionable estimates that have given rise to poorly understood but highly popularized, longterm population trends for this migratory species. In this study we present accurate seasonal estimates of colony size based on a recently developed census method—thermal infrared imaging and computer vision analysis. The size of the colony was estimated several times monthly from March through October 2005. Our estimates range from 67,602 to 793,838 bats, values that are orders of magnitude lower than the largest historic estimates. Consecutive estimates of nightly emergences show fluctuations of as many as 291,000 individuals, indicating that colony composition is considerably more dynamic than previously thought. Our results, combined with a quantitative analysis of emergence behavior, question the validity of early historic estimates that millions of bats once roosted in this cave and suggest that the long-term pattern of decline reported for this species might not be as severe as currently thought. DOI: 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-391R.1.
The effects of empathy and listening of salespeople on relationship quality in the retail banking industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between salespeople’s empathy and listening behaviour and the relationship quality (RQ) customers have with their banks, taking into consideration the moderating effect of felt stress (FS) experienced by salespeople. The paper examines specific effects of FS on factors related to a salesperson’s performance. Design/methodology/approach – To examine the proposed model, responses from 150 customers were collected and matched with responses from 25 salespeople working at a major ba ' nk in Chile. The paper analysed the dyadic data gathered using two analysis techniques. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the relationships proposed at the customer level. Moreover, hierarchical linear modelling was used to test the moderating effect of FS, measured at the salesperson level, on the proposed relationships. Findings – The results show that customers’ perceptions of salespeople’s listening behaviour mediate the relationship between cus...
Comparison of faculty and student attitudes toward teamwork and collaboration in interprofessional education

A barrier to interprofessional education (IPE) can be attitudes of faculty toward interprofessional teamwork and collaboration (Curran, Sharpe, & Forristall, 2007; Steinert, 2005). Students also ma...
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Gaps in the Use of and Adherence to Evidence-Based Preventive Therapies Among Elderly Medicare Part D Beneficiaries After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—It is unclear whether gender and racial/ethnic gaps in the use of and patient adherence to β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins after acute myocardial infarction have persisted after establishment of the Medicare Part D prescription program. Methods and Results—This retrospective cohort study used 2007 to 2009 Medicare service claims among Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age who were alive 30 days after an index acute myocardial infarction hospitalization in 2008. Multivariable logistic regression models examined racial/ethnic (white, black, Hispanic, Asian, and other) and gender differences in the use of these therapies in the 30 days after discharge and patient adherence at 12 months after discharge, adjusting for patient baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Of 85 017 individuals, 55%, 76%, and 61% used angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and statins, respectively,...
Correlated Equilibria in Continuous Games: Characterization and Computation

We present several new characterizations of correlated equilibria in games with continuous utility functions. These have the advantage of being more computationally and analytically tractable than the standard denition in terms of departure functions. We use these characterizations to construct eective algorithms for approximating a single correlated equilibrium or the entire set of correlated equilibria of a game with polynomial utility functions. We then exhibit the rich structure of the set of correlated equilibria by analyzing the simplest of polynomial games, the mixed extension of matching pennies. We show that while the correlated equilibrium set is convex, the structure of its extreme points can be quite complicated. In nite games there can be a superexponential separation between the number of extreme Nash and extreme correlated equilibria. In polynomial games there can exist extreme correlated equilibria which are not nitely supported; we construct a large family of examples using techniques from ergodic theory. These examples show that in general the set of correlated equilibrium distributions of a polynomial game cannot be described by conditions on nitely many joint moments, in marked contrast to the set of Nash equilibria which is always expressible in terms of nitely many moments.
The loss of anti-predator behaviour following isolation on islands

When isolated from predators, costly and no longer functional anti-predator behaviour should be selected against. Predator naivete is often pronounced on islands, where species are found with few or no predators. However, isolation on islands involves other processes, such as founder effects, that might be responsible for naivete or reduced anti-predator behaviour. We report the first comparative evidence that, in macropodid marsupials, isolation on islands may lead to a systematic loss of ‘group size effects’—a behaviour whereby individuals reduce anti-predator vigilance and allocate more time to foraging as group size increases. Moreover, insular animals forage more, and are less vigilant, than mainland ones. However, we found no evidence that animals on the mainland are ‘flightier’ than those on islands. Remarkably, we also found no evidence that isolation from all predators per se is responsible for these effects. Together, these results demonstrate that anti-predator behaviour may indeed be lost or modified when animals are isolated on islands, but it is premature to assume that all such behaviour is affected.
Correlates of patterns of range use of a troop of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). II. Spatial structure, cover density, food gathering, and individual behaviour patterns

Abstract This is the second article in a series that quantitatively describes how seasonal changes within a troop of free-ranging yellow baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ) were synchronized with simultaneous changes that occurred in the pattern with which it used its range and environmental factors within that range. In conjunction with the first article in this series (D. R. Rasmussen 1979), the results reveal: First, that the most females within the troop were impregnable and the most males emigrated and immigrated when (1) the troop's pattern of range use was most likely to bring it into contact with other troops, (2) visual contact with other troops was least restricted, (3) juvenile troop members may not have needed to be as close to adult males for protection from predators, and (4) the least amount of time was spent gathering food. Second, that other troop members, particularly juveniles, consistently maintained closer proximity to adult males when dangers from predators may have been greatest as a consequence of (1) a seasonal increase in both cover density and variability, and (2) an increase in the predictability of the location of the troop due to its pattern of range use being smallest in area and most clumped and to its frequent use of the same sleeping sites for several consecutive nights. I suggest that seasonal changes in the reproductive biology of troop members and the defensive spatial structure of the troop are adaptively synchronized with the changes in the patterns with which the troop uses its range and the environmental factors within that range.
Management of Complications in Neurotology

Neurotologic and skull base surgery involves working around important neurovascular and neurotologic structures and can incur unwarranted complications. Knowledge of surgical anatomy, good preoperative planning, intraoperative monitoring, and excellent microsurgical technique contribute to minimizing and avoiding complications. In the event of a complication, however, the neurotologic surgeon should be prepared to manage it. In this article, the authors focus on the management of complications encountered in neurotologic skull base surgery, including hemorrhage, stroke, cerebrospinal fluid leak, extraocular motility deficits, facial paralysis, hearing loss, dizziness, lower cranial nerve palsies, and postoperative headache.
Paradoxical Enhancement of the Activity of a Bacterial Multidrug Transporter Caused by Substitutions of a Conserved Residue

Substitution of threonine or serine for the evolutionary conserved intramembrane proline P347 of the Bacillus subtilis multidrug transporter Bmr significantly increases the toxin-effluxing activity of Bmr without affecting its abundance in the cell. In cocultivation experiments, we demonstrate that although the mutant T347 Bmr is advantageous to cells growing in the presence of a toxin, the wild-type P347 Bmr is advantageous under the conditions of nutritional limitation. This may explain why Bmr has evolved the way it did, that is, with proline at position 347. These observations provide a basis for speculating that the evolution of Bmr has been determined by its presently unidentified natural function rather than by its ability to expel diverse toxins from the cell.
Political Economy of Taxation and Growth with a Taste for Status

This paper investigates the political economy of taxation and growth in a model in which individuals have preference for high levels of relative consumption. A pivotal voter determines the equilibrium tax on capital, the revenues from which fund the provision of productive public goods. The taste for status and the distributions of wealth and political power interact to generate stylized versions of oligarchies, middle class democracies and populist democracies. An rise in the taste for status increases the role of distributional concerns in determining the equilibrium tax, lowering growth in an oligarchy or populist democracy but increasing it in a middle class democracy. In addition, starting as an oligarchy, the egalitarian redistribution of wealth or political power causes growth to first rise and then fall as the equilibrium tax rate approaches and then exceeds it growth maximizing level. While earlier work has investigated the normative implications of status preferences for tax policy, this is the first paper to develop a positive theory of taxation and growth in the presence of status preferences.
From novice to expert: Implications of language skills and writing-relevant knowledge for memory during the development of writing skill

This article outlines a theory of the development of writing expertise illustrated by a review of relevant research. An argument is made for two necessary (although not sufficient) components in the development of writing expertise: fluent language generation processes and extensive knowledge relevant to writing. Fluent language processes enable the developing writer (especially the young developing writer) to begin to manage the constraints imposed by working memory, whereas extensive knowledge allows the writer to move beyond the constraints of short- term working memory and take advantage of long-term memory resources by relying instead on long-term working memory.
Availability of Systems with or Without Inspections

Availability is a very important measure of system performance. A great deal of research works on it have been done. This article reviews the recent major results in this field. Systems whose failures are either self-announcing or not self-announcing are considered in these works, various repair methods and different inspection policies are explored as well. Some of these studies derive the expressions of the steady-state availability, limiting average availability, and others give the expressions of the instantaneous availability explicitly or recursively.
The Transitional Experience of Family Caring for Their Child With a Tracheostomy.

Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the family experience of caring for their child with a tracheostomy due to a compromised airway during the transition from hospital to home, and to identify types of support that families request to be successful caregivers. Design and methods This study used a qualitative descriptive design with focus groups to answer semi-structured interview questions. The investigators followed basic content analysis to interpret descriptive data using three-person consensus. Results Eighteen family members participated. Four themes emerged: “This is not the life I had planned: coming to accept the new reality;” “Don't make the hospital your home; don’t make your home a hospital;” “Caregivers engage with providers that demonstrate competence, confidence, attentiveness, and patience;” and “Participants value the opportunity to give back and help others.” Conclusions Growth in the family caregiver role leads to personal transformation demonstrated by increased confidence, finding joy from their child, becoming an advocate for their child, and a resource for others. Family members described the transition to being ‘in charge,’ the relationship with the provider, and being able to advocate for getting the resources they needed in the home. Practice implications Relationships are as critical as teaching skills to families during hospitalization. Family members see considerable value in connecting with care providers. In addition, there is a desire to share their experience with other families that are beginning a similar journey. Participants requested a support approach that included competent providers, Web-based video education for skills training, family-to-family connection, and continued family group support after discharge.
The Many Facets of Anti-Terrorism: A Discussion of Cooperation and Collaboration among Various Areas of Expertise:

Recent events have caused an understandably dramatic increase in the attention paid to the science of homeland security and anti-terrorism. Both as a country and as individuals, we find ourselves contemplating methods to prevent, thwart, or at least attenuate terrorist activities. The war on terror, however, is unlike any war our country has fought in that the enemy is distributed, secretive, and follows no traditional “rules of war”. If we are to win this battle then, we must adapt our methods to face the challenge. Rather than military strategy, the war on terror will require a collaborative effort among individuals in a range of fields, including many areas of human factors. This panel session presents a small cross-section of topics related to antiterrorism which represent opportunities for human factors involvement. It is hoped that presentation and discussion of these topics with our colleagues will foster further thinking on and expansion of these as well as identification of other opportunities fo...
Surface Passivated Air and Moisture Stable Mixed Zirconium Aluminum Metal-Hydride Nanoparticles

Synthesis of surface passivated Zr-Al mixed metal-hydride nanoparticles was accomplished via a multi-step process. The initial reaction to produce the zirconium aluminum hydride was via decomposition of zirconium tetrahydroaluminate (Zr(AlH4)4) while exposed to ultrasound produced by a bench-top ultrasonic cleaning bath. The particles were surface passivated using carbohydrates and were shown to be stable in air and partially stable in water. TEM imaging suggests the existence of smaller particles made of a Zr-Al alloy that range in size from 1.8 nm to 7.9 nm in diameter and are interspersed with larger particles that range from tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter. It was also shown that the carbohydrate-derived coating of the nanoparticles is present as an aluminum alkoxide gel surrounding the core particles.
A qualitative study of cellulose distribution in Ceratocystis and Europhium.

To determine the distribution of cellulose in the cell wall of members of the genera Ceratocystis and Europhium, a qualitative investigation of 47 species of the former and four of the latter was u...
The role of indirect positive evidence in syntactic acquisition: A look at anaphoric one

Language learners are often faced with a scenario where the data allow multiple generalizations, even though only one is actually correct. One promising solution to this problem is that children are equipped with helpful learning strategies that guide the types of generalizations made from the data. Two successful approaches in recent work for identifying these strategies have involved (i) expanding the set of informative data to include indirect positive evidence , and (ii) using observable behavior as a target state for learning. We apply both of these ideas to the case study of English anaphoric one , using computationally modeled learners that assume one ’s antecedent is the same syntactic category as one and form their generalizations based on realistic data. We demonstrate that a learner that is biased to include indirect positive evidence coming from other pronouns in English can generate eighteen-month-old looking-preference behavior. Interestingly, we find that the knowledge state responsible for this target behavior is a context-dependent representation for anaphoric one , rather than the adult representation, but this immature representation can suffice in many communicative contexts involving anaphoric one . More generally, these results suggest that children may be leveraging broader sets of data to make the syntactic generalizations leading to their observed behavior, rather than selectively restricting their input. We additionally discuss the components of the learning strategies capable of producing the observed behavior, including their possible origin and whether they may be useful for making other linguistic generalizations.
New findings of rare or little-known alpheid shrimp genera (Crustacea, Decapoda) in Moorea, French Polynesia

Six rare or little-known genera from the shrimp family Alpheidae are reported from French Polynesia, five of them for the first time. Distribution ranges are significantly extended for the recently described Acanthanas pusillus Anker, Poddoubtchenko & Jeng, 2006 and Richalpheus palmeri Anker & Jeng, 2006, previously known only from two and one type specimens, respectively, from the Philippines. The original description of A. pusillus, based on two females, is completed with the description and illustration of the male cheliped and pleopod; accordingly, the diagnosis of Acanthanas is slightly emended. The genus Leptalpheus Williams, 1965 was not known from French Polynesia before, but is represented there by two species: L. denticulatus Anker & Marin, 2009, previously known from Vietnam, the Philippines and Fiji; and L. pacificus Banner & Banner, 1974, previously considered as a Hawaiian endemic. The genus Prionalpheus Banner & Banner, 1960 is represented in French Polynesia by two species: P. triarticulatus Banner & Banner, 1960, reported for the first time, and P. brachytomeus Banner & Banner, 1971, reported with some doubts (P. cf. brachytomeus) for the first time since the original description. Rugathanas borradailei (Coutiere, 1903), a widespread but rather uncommon and easily overlooked species, is also reported for the first time from French Polynesia. Colour patterns are illustrated for all species, this being for the first time for R. palmeri, L. pacificus, P. triarticulatus and P. cf. brachytomeus.
Studies of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Oligotropha carboxidovorans

Abstract We have undertaken physicochemical studies of the CO dehydrogenase from the aerobe Oligotropha carboxidovorans, probing both the binuclear Mo- and Cu-containing active site where CO is oxidized to CO2 and the enzyme’s FAD, where the reducing equivalents obtained from CO are transferred to the quinone pool. Regarding the FAD site, we have characterized the semiquinone oxidation state by EPR and identified it to be of the blue neutral form with a linewidth of 20 G. The signature long-wavelength absorbance of FADH is also observed in the absorption spectrum of partially reduced enzyme at low pH. The enzyme exhibits a pH-dependent absorption spectrum in the oxidized state that is lost upon covalent modification of the enzyme by the flavin-specific agent diphenyliodonium cation. The pH dependence is attributed to Tyr 193 of the FAD-containing CoxM subunit, which sits atop the re face of the isoalloxazine ring in van der Waals contact with it. Electron equilibration among the enzyme’s four redox-active centers (including two [2Fe-2S] clusters in addition to the binuclear center and FAD) is found to be pH-dependent, but too fast to be followed using a stopped-flow pH jump protocol. Electron transfer from the iron-sulfur clusters to the FAD is thus much faster than in other members of the xanthine oxidase family of molybdenum-containing enzymes to which CO dehydrogenase belongs. Finally, a complex of the binuclear center with bicarbonate has been characterized by EPR, where the absence of observed hyperfine coupling using 13C-labeled bicarbonate suggests strongly that the bicarbonate is not directly coordinated to the Mo(V) of the partially reduced binuclear center.
Neural Networks, Human Perception and Modern Buddhism

We examine some ways in which contemporary results from neural network theory can potentially contribute to a Buddhist understanding of emptiness. We also make some general remarks about the pitfalls and benefits inherent in attempting to apply ideas from artificial intelligence to an understanding of Buddhism.