cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of alcoholics' and nonalcoholics' causal attributions for drinking behavior

Alcoholic individuals often are assumed to deny personal responsibility for their alcoholism and to attribute causation to external situational factors. To investigate this assumption, in a 2 x 2 factorial design 20 alcoholics and 20 nonalcoholics made causal attributions for a recent personal drinking episode and for the audiotaped episode of a target individual who was described as either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic. Results suggested that alcoholic subjects tended to make greater internal attributions for their own drinking than did nonalcoholic subjects. Subjects' attributions for the target individual depended on both the subjects' and targets' drinking histories. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance to models of alcoholism and to actor-observer differences in causal attributions.
Corporate Sustainability Ratings Databases:Maximizing perceived content usefuless

This paper reports on a laboratory experiment conducted to investigate interactions between the design of two different corporate sustainability ratings databases, and users’ perceptions of the usefulness of their content. Four heuristics were investigated: the for-profit status of the company that produced the database, the company’s strategic ties, the perceived ease-of-use of the database itself, and its perceived credibility. A dual-process theoretical lens was applied. Findings support the importance of three of the four heuristic cues for influencing perceptions of content usefulness. Both credibility and For-profit status functioned as both heuristic cues and as argument factors, suggesting that their influence is systematic and enduring. Ease-of-use was the most influential overall, particularly in interaction with user expertise. Implications for the design of sustainability ratings databases are discussed, along with ongoing research efforts.
Santa Evita , History, Fiction, and Myth: A Narrative from Another Side

If Tomas Eloy Martinez’s intention is to encompass Argentina’s reality, he does it by agreeing with what his admired friend Gabriel Garcia Marquez has affirmed many times:“La realidad no solo es los policias que llegan matando gente, sino tambien las mitologias, las leyendas, todo lo que forma parte de la vida de la gente, y todo eso hay que incorporlo” (Gonzalez Bermejo, 23) [Reality is not only the policemen who arrive killing people, but also the mythologies, the legends, everything that forms a part of people’s lives, and all of this must be incorporated.]1
Experimental Studies on Eggs and Miracidia of Renifer aniarum (Leidy, 1891) and Dasymetra villicaeca (Byrd, 1935)

Previous investigators of trematodes of the Subfamily Reniferinae, to which the 2 species studied by the writer belong, have found the eggs fully developed when oviposited. In the present studies 2 groups of parasite-free Physa halei Lea (the snail host) were inoculated October 1 and October 6, 1936, respectively with freshly oviposited eggs of Renifer aniarum (Leidy, 1891), which no doubt had been naturally incubated in the uteri of the trematodes while in the mouth of the snake, Natrix cyclopion (Dumeril and Bibron), and shed cercarial larvae of this fluke 36 days later. During the 30 days previous to the dates of inoculation the mean air temperature was 28°C. in the laboratory where the snakes were kept. Subsequently 3 groups of parasite-free P. halei were inoculated with eggs of R. aniarum November 4, 11, and 20, 1936, respectively, and one group of parasite-free P. halei was inoculated November 20, 1936, with eggs of Dasymetra villicaeca Byrd, 1935. Individuals from these 4 groups were later fixed at ...
Ca2+ modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in rat skeletal muscle fibers.

Ca2+ transients and the rate of Ca2+ release (dCaREL/dt) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in voltage-clamped, fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers from the rat were studied with the double Vaseline gap technique and using mag-fura-2 and fura-2 as Ca2+ indicators. Single pulse experiments with different returning potentials showed that Ca2+ removal from the myoplasm is voltage independent. Thus, the myoplasmic Ca2+ removal (dCaREM/dt) was studied by fitting the decaying phase of the Ca2+ transient (Melzer, Rios & Schneider, 1986) and dCaREL/dt was calculated as the difference between dCa/dt and dCaREM/dt. The fast Ca2+ release decayed as a consequence of Ca2+ inactivation of Ca2+ release. Double pulse experiments showed inactivation of the fast Ca2+ release depending on the prepulse duration. At constant interpulse interval, long prepulses (200 msec) induced greater inactivation of the fast Ca2+ release than shorter depolarizations (20 msec). The correlation (r) between the myoplasmic [Ca2+]i and the inhibited amount of Ca2+ release was 0.98. The [Ca2+]i for 50% inactivation of dCaREL/dt was 0.25 μm, and the minimum number of sites occupied by Ca2+ to inactivate the Ca2+ release channel was 3.0. These data support Ca2+ binding and inactivation of SR Ca2+ release.
Localism, Factional Fluidity, and Factionalism: Louisiana and Mississippi Gubernatorial Contests

In his classic, Southern Politics , Key used the term “one-party factionalism” to describe the electoral politics of the South during the 1930s and 1940s: “one-party” because the Republicans offered, at best, only minimal opposition to the Democrats, and “factional” because several groups tended to vie for control of the top state offices via electoral victories in the Democratic primaries. According to Key, severe consequences accompanied one-party factionalism. In most of the southern states, primary voters could not even vote the “ins” out of office, for the competing factions were so fluid that it was never clear who, if anyone, represented the ins. The haves in southern society normally controlled government; although those in power had their differences, particularly in style, most of them agreed that the status quo needed protection. The less privileged lacked organized avenues for expressing their needs.
Computational insights on the isomerization of photochromic oxazines.

We investigated the isomerization of the simplest member of a family of photochromic oxazines with the aid of density functional theory, using three different functionals. Specifically, we simulated the thermal interconversion of the two enantiomers, associated with this compound, and established that the opening of the oxazine ring dictates the rate of the overall degenerate process. The M062X functional provides the best match to experimental data, whereas B3LYP calculations fail to model accurately the ground-state potential-energy surface of this system. In addition, we also modeled the absorption spectra of this compound and its photogenerated isomer with time-dependent calculations. The resulting data support the original assignment of the experimental spectra and confirm that the oxazine ring opens upon excitation. The MPW1PW91 functional provides the best match to experimental data, whereas M062X calculations fail to model accurately the spectroscopic parameters of this particular system. Furtherm...
High-order rotated staggered finite difference modeling of 3d elastic wave propagation in general anisotropic media

Summary We analyze the dispersion properties and stability conditions of the high-order convolutional finite difference operators and compare them with the conventional finite difference schemes. We observe that the convolutional finite difference method has better dispersion properties and becomes more efficient than the conventional finite difference method with the increasing order of accuracy. This makes the high-order convolutional operator a good choice for anisotropic elastic wave simulations on rotated staggered grids since its enhanced dispersion properties can help to suppress the numerical dispersion error that is inherent in the rotated staggered grid structure and its efficiency can help us tackle 3D problems cost-effectively.
Effect of Functionalities of Binders on Rheological Behavior of Alumina Suspensions and Properties of Green Sheets

The effect of functionalities of acrylic binders on rheological behavior of aqueous alumina suspensions and properties of green sheets was investigated to find optimal conditions for the tape casting process. The functionalities of binders were 35, 20 and 10mg KOH/g. These binders had almost the same glass transition points (Tg) and molecular weights (Mw). Suspensions containing binders with low functionalities showed high shear-thinning flow behavior and high yield stresses. The resultant green sheets had low packing densities, low strengths and small elongations. In contrast, suspensions containing binders with high functionalities showed low shear-thinning flow behavior and low yield stresses. Suspensions gave green sheets with high packing densities, high strengths and large elongations in this case. As functionalities of binders increased, the amounts of adsorbed binders on alumina particles decreased and solubilities of binder sheets in aqueous solutions increased. It is found that the dispersibility of suspension is controlled by adsorption of binder on alumina particles and binder solubility in aqueous solution. It is also found that the strength of green sheet is determined by that of binder sheet. The results are interpreted as follows; increase in functionality enhances the cross-linking of chain molecules in the binder by forming hydrogen bonds between carboxylic acid sites.
Nanometer emittance ultralow charge beams from rf photoinjectors

In this paper we discuss the generation of a new class of high brightness relativistic electron beams, characterized by ultralow charge (0.1--1 pC) and ultralow normalized emittance ($l50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$). These beams are created in rf photoinjectors when the laser is focused on the cathode to very small transverse sizes ($l30\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ rms). In this regime, the charge density at the cathode approaches the limit set by the extraction electric field. By shaping the laser pulse to have a cigarlike aspect ratio (the longitudinal dimension much larger than the transverse dimension) and a parabolic temporal profile, the resulting space charge dominated dynamics creates a uniformly filled ellipsoidal distribution and the emittance can be nearly preserved to its thermal value. We also present a new method, based on a variation of the pepper-pot technique, for single shot measurements of the ultralow emittances for this new class of beams.
Volume Concentration of Rat Muscle Measured by the Phosphate Partition Method

A simple method, based on the assumed impermeability of muscle cells to phosphate, has recently been described for finding the volume concentration (relative volumes of interspaces and cells) in frog muscle.1 This investigation was undertaken with the idea that the method might be applicable to rat muscle.The method used was essentially that of M. G. Eggleton. Adult rats were decapitated, and paired leg muscles (extensor digitorum longus or tibialis anticus) were quickly dissected out and weighed.One muscle of a pair was placed in mammalian Ringer's solution of a given phosphate content, and the other in a solution of a different phosphate content. The phosphate (4 parts Na2HPO4 to 1 part KH2PO4) was added in M/15 concentration to insure isotonicity. The muscles were left in the solutions for 1, 2, 3, or 9 hours, and at the end of the period they were again weighed and the P of the solution was determined by the method of Martland and Robison.2 From the weights of the muscles and from the initial and fina...
Revisiting territories of relegation: Class, ethnicity and state in the making of advanced marginality

In the postindustrial city, relegation takes the form of real or imaginary consignment to distinctive sociospatial formations variously and vaguely referred to as “inner cities,” “ghettos,” “enclaves,” “no-go areas,” “problem districts,” or simply “rough neighborhoods.” How are we characterize and differentiate these spaces, what determines their trajectory (birth, growth, decay and death), whence comes the intense stigma attached to them, and what constellations of class, ethnicity and state do they both materialize and signify? These are the questions I pursued in my book Urban Outcasts (2008) through a methodical comparison of the trajectories of the black American ghetto and the European working-class peripheries in the era of neoliberal ascendancy. In this article, I revisit this cross-continental sociology of “advanced marginality” to tease out its broader lessons for our understanding of the tangled nexus of symbolic, social and physical space in the polarizing metropolis at century’s threshold in particular, and for bringing the core principles of Bourdieu’s sociology to bear on comparative urban studies in general.
Time course of recovery of arterial pressure control after carotid denervation

We examined the recovery of arterial pressure control after carotid sinus baroreceptor denervation in conscious dogs with atrioventricular block. Strength of control was assessed by measuring changes in peripheral resistance and atrial rate after step changes in cardiac output. One day after carotid denervation, arterial pressure was significantly elevated (+13.7 mmHg), and the strength of control of peripheral resistance and atrial rate were significantly decreased to 46.1 and 36.6% of control, respectively. Over 4–7 days, the strength of control of both peripheral resistance and atrial rate and the mean arterial pressure returned to the levels observed before denervation. After carotid denervation, the pressor response to bilateral carotid artery occlusion was abolished, and thus the recovery of arterial pressure control was not caused by inadequate carotid denervation or regeneration of carotid baroreceptors. The recovery of arterial pressure control after carotid denervation is probably caused by an increase in the reflex responses to pressure changes at the aortic baroreceptors and may reflect plasticity within the baroreflex pathway.
Creating a Professional Blog The Impact of Student Learning Styles on Perceptions of Learning

This article provides marketing educators with a blogging activity that allows students to add to their marketing expertise as well as enhance their communication skills. Specifically, we propose an activity that incorporates the necessary steps for experiential learning to be achieved. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this activity is examined by individuals who participated in the blog activity as well as individuals who analyzed the blog contributions. The results suggest that participants perceived that this activity was effective in aiding their learning, but differences in learning effectiveness were detected based on participants’ learning style and gender.
Behavioral Disorders in Children with Tourette Syndrome

The prevalence of comorbid neurobehavioral problems in 35 children and adolescents (31 [88%] boys; mean age 11.8 years) with Tourette syndrome (TS) was determined at a psychiatric clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Iran.
Intrarenal mechanisms of renal reserve

Acute ingestion of protein and intravenous infusion of amino acids are known to stimulate increases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in animals and humans. Although some investigators believe that these changes are mediated by a circulating hormonal factor, there is considerable evidence that intrinsic intrarenal mechanisms such as tubular transport of amino acids and sodium, and the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, are involved in this renal hemodynamic response, and that extrarenal factors may not be required.
Racial differences in hospital mortality for medical and surgical admissions: variations by patient and hospital characteristics

Objective : To determine if there are disparities between White and Black inpatient mortality rates for specific medical and surgical conditions and whether disparities vary by patient and hospital subgroups. Design, Setting, Participants: All-payer discharge records in the 2009 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 36 states that comprised about 80% of the Black and White populations in the United States were used to create a random, stratified sample of about 1,900 community hospitals (a 40% sample of US hospitals). All discharges in the hospitals were included and weighted for national estimates. Main Outcome Measures: Inpatient Quality Indicators, developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, were used to measure risk-adjusted hospital mortality for six medical conditions and four surgeries. National estimates compared non-Hispanic Whites to Blacks by patient and hospital characteristics. Results: Blacks had lower mortality for all medical conditions compared to Whites. However, they had higher mortality rates for two surgical procedures (coronary artery bypass graft and craniotomy) and lower mortality for one surgery (abdominal aortic anuerysm repair). These patterns held for most, though not all, patient and hospital subgroups for medical conditions, but disparities typically varied by subgroup for surgeries. Conclusions: Policymakers and researchers may use these findings in targeting interventions, designing quality reporting programs and designing studies on why the disparities exist and how to reduce them. ( Ethn Dis . 2015;25[1]:90–97)
Homoeotic Genes and the Specification of Segmental Identity in the Embryo and Adult Thorax of Drosophila Melanogaster

The homoeotic loci Sex-Combs Reduced (Scr), Antennapedia (Antp), and Ultrabithorax (Ubx), are required early in development to specify the thoracic segmental identities of the embryo. However, each locus also has a later function(s): to maintain specific aspects of thoracic segmental identity through metamorphosis. Antp + primarily specifies mesothoracic (T2) identity while the embryonic prothoracic (T1) and metathoracic (T3) identities are dependent, respectively, upon Scr + and Ubx + and interactions between these loci and Antp +. Since the loss of Scr + and/or Ubx + in combination with the loss of Antp + function results in a transformation of one or more of the thoracic segments to a T1-gnathal identity, Antp + function is at least partially epistatic to that of either Scr + or Ubx + during the establishment of thoracic segmental identities. Somewhat later in development, Scr + and Ubx + are required to maintain the identity of specific regions of either the pro- or metathorax, respectively. By contrast, Antp + functions to maintain the identities of certain regions in all three segments. Loss of this function allows portions of the ventral region of each thoracic segment to become antenna-like. In addition, a loss of identity of a region of the anterior, dorsal-lateral mesothorax also occurs. Taken together, these results indicate that Antp is a complex locus with a central role in the establishment and maintenance of thoracic segmental identities. Differences among the thoracic segments arise through the interaction of Scr and Ubx with Antp.
Human Factors of Health Information Technology—Challenges and Opportunities

Health information technologies are becoming ubiquitous. According to the DHHS Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, 96% of nonfederal acute care hospitals had adopt...
Ocean microseism measurements with a neutral bouyancy free-floating midwater seismometer

abstract Seismometers in spherical aluminum pressure housings have been weighted to float stably at midwater depths in the ocean, and thus record water motions in a frequency band of 0.02 to 5 cps. Simultaneous records made with a midwater instrument at 1.2-km depth and a bottom instrument at 4.6-km depth showed coherence at spectral power peaks of leaky organ-pipe frequencies and additional coherence peaks at frequencies down to 0.025 cps. Twenty organ-pipe modes can be tentatively identified. The spectral power can be attributed almost entirely to microseismic motions in wave-guide modes. We conclude that the forcing functions for microseisms are broad enough so that deep ocean-bottom and midwater microseism spectral peak frequencies are characteristic of local bathymmetry.
Upscaling Action Research and implications for community organizing practice

Case studies are an effective vehicle for telling important stories that may have broader implications, but how is the research study made relevant, or generalizable, to other places or events? Thi...
P237 Specific pattern of non-specific ANTI-HLA antibody reactivity?

Solid phase assays (SPAs) have significantly improved our ability to assess the presence of anti-HLA antibody (Abs) that would be deleterious to the allograft post-transplant. SPAs have also demonstrated increased specificity and sensitivity for alloantibody detection. However, several studies have identified intrinsic and extrinsic factors that negatively impact the reliability of SPAs. Thus, substances in sera that inhibit/interfere with the Abs binding have been identified. In addition, presence of denatured HLA antigens and/or inconsistent antigen density on latex beads has been noted. These factors coupled with the increased sensitivity of the SPAs could lead to false positive/false negative results. In the present study, using single antigen beads (SAB), we demonstrate the detection of a highly specific pattern of HLA Class II alloantibodies (MFI > 1,000) against a small subset of DRB1, DRB3 and DP antigens. What is remarkable about this pattern is that a near identical profile of alloantibodies was detected in at least 6 patients (5 pre- and 1 post-transplant) and was conserved over time. Thus, Abs against the following antigens (ranked from highest MFI to lowest MFI; DR52 (03:01) – DR14:02 – DP10 – DR16:01 – DR8 - DR14:54 – DR9 – DR16:02 – DR14:01 – DP13 – DP19 – DR13) were identified in all the patients. An epitope that would help explain this pattern of reactivity could not be identified. To confirm this pattern, the sera were tested using SAB from another vendor. This pattern was completely absent, suggesting that the observed reactivity was non-specific. However, pretreatment of sera with a variety of products known to reduce interfering substances did not alter the reactivity pattern suggesting that it was “real”. Testing of sera for the presence of HLA Class I and II Abs using screening beads (each coated with multiple HLA antigens) confirmed the observations made with SAB further suggesting that the observed reactivity was “real”. Finally, surrogate flow crossmatches with donor cells expressing one or more corresponding antigens were largely T- and B-cell negative suggesting that the observed reactivity was most likely non-specific (surreal?). This study underscores the complexity involved in interpreting and then assigning presence/absence of anti-HLA alloantibodies using the highly sensitive SPAs.
The politics of local government performance: Elite cohesion and cross-village constraints in decentralized Senegal

Abstract The adoption of democratic decentralization across the developing world has been critiqued by scholars and practitioners for both macro-level institutional shortcomings and, on a more micro scale, for falling prey to elite capture. This article draws on interviews with over 350 local authorities in decentralized Senegal to call attention to a third level of analysis: the meso-level of the local state itself. Though local elites dominate positions of authority everywhere, the article argues that local government performance varies subnationally as a function of elites’ relations among each other across villages. Where denser cross-village social ties generate higher cohesion among elites, individual opportunism is constrained and local government performance improves. Where such cross-village relations are weaker, elites see local institutions as a zero-sum game among villages. The composition of local social relations, in other words, drives better or worse governance at the local level. Because West African cross-village relations are largely determined by historical settlement patterns, notably the presence or absence of a precolonial state, the article suggests that local political strategies are historically constrained. The link between history and local government performance documented here holds important implications for the nature of political representation and local development outcomes following the recent wave of democratic decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa.
The management of renal angiomyolipoma.

Revue des cas de la litterature mondiale et de 13 cas personnels. Un schema therapeutique systematique est propose base a la fois sur la taille de la tumeur et les symptomes
Draft Genome Sequence of an Active Heterotrophic Nitrifier-Denitrifier, Cupriavidus pauculus UM1.

ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Cupriavidus pauculus UM1, a metal-resistant heterotrophic nitrifier-denitrifier capable of synthesizing nitrite from pyruvic oxime. The size of the genome is 7,402,815 bp with a GC content of 64.8%. This draft assembly consists of 38 scaffolds.
High Prevalence of Clinically Important Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with a Normal Electrocardiogram Referred for Transthoracic Echocardiography.

Background Normal electrocardiographic (ECG) results have been reported to be associated with a low prevalence of structural heart disease and thus may preclude the need for transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) imaging. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of important TTE abnormalities in patients with a normal ECG referred for TTE imaging. Methods Consecutive electrocardiograms over 6 months were reviewed. Patients with a normal ECG who underwent TTE imaging within 30 days formed the study group. TTE indication and appropriateness designation were determined. TTE findings were noted, including a composite, "major TTE abnormalities" (Maj TTE ABNs). Results Of 26,254 electrocardiograms reviewed, 3,955 (15%) were normal, 522 with qualifying TTE studies. Maj TTE ABNs were common (27%). The most common TTE indication was signs or symptoms of congestive heart failure (17%), 35% of which had Maj TTE ABNs. Two echocardiographic indications were found to have significantly fewer of Maj TTE ABNs: palpitations (4%, P P P Conclusions Clinically important TTE abnormalities in patients with a normal ECG are common, suggesting that normal ECG results should not routinely preclude TTE imaging to identify structural heart disease. However, recognition of common clinical indications and application of the appropriate use criteria may identify patients with a normal ECG in whom TTE imaging is of very low yield.
Longitudinal follow-up of endothelial function in breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitors (AIs).

e12525Background: AIs reduce breast cancer-related mortality however they may increase cardiovascular (CV) risk. We previously presented data demonstrating women on AIs have endothelial dysfunction...
Lymphadenectomy is associated with an increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism in early stage endometrial cancer

Abstract Objectives In patients undergoing surgery for early stage endometrial cancer, we sought to evaluate the effect of lymphadenectomy (LND), as well as surgical route, on the risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries (2000−2013) linked to Medicare claims follow up from 1999 to 2014 was accessed to identify those with stage I-II endometrioid endometrial cancer who underwent hysterectomy. Performance of LND, 90-day incidence of postoperative VTE, open vs minimally invasive surgery (MIS), demographics, comorbidities, grade, and stage were collected. A washout period of 12 months with no prior VTE was required. t-test, Chi square test, univariate and multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance estimator were used. Results A total of 15,101 patients had hysterectomy for early stage endometrial cancer. LND was performed in 9004 (60%) patients. VTE was found in 486 patients. There were 346 VTEs (3.8%) in the LND group vs 140 (2.3%) in those without LND (RR = 1.67, p Conclusions LND is associated with an increased 90-day risk of postoperative VTE in patients undergoing surgery for early stage endometrial cancer. The need for extended postoperative VTE prophylaxis in patients undergoing LND via MIS needs further exploration.
The Hemodynamically Labile Patient: Cardiovascular Adjuncts and Assist Devices

A 66-year-old retired teacher is being managed in the intensive care unit after having a myocardial infarction. The patient had no prior medical problems. The patient is hemodynamically labile and is refractory to volume support and all pharmacologic interventions. The patient is now in profound cardiogenic shock. Which of the following would most likely be the management of choice? (A) Emergency cardiac catheterization (B) Coronary artery bypass surgery (C) Intraaortic balloon pump (D) Continue inotropic support (E) No further intervention is needed
Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis II: Target Tissues and Integrated Control

Most of the calcium in the body resides in the bones as mineralized matrix. Bone has three major types of cells: osteoblasts cover the bone and lay down the organic matrix that forms bone; osteocytes reside in lacunae and communicate via canaliculi; giant multinucleated osteoclasts resorb bone mineral and matrix in a reaction akin to inflammation. The number and activity of these cells determines bone balance. Calcitonin inhibits osteolysis by the osteoclasts. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) recruits stem cells in the blood to become osteoclasts, through receptors on the osteoblasts. PTH and vitamin D both stimulate macrophage colony stimulating factor production by the osteoblasts that recruit cells from the plasma to bind to osteoblasts to form osteoclasts. PTH decreases Ca and phosphate reabsorption from the ultrafiltrate in the proximal tubule but increases reabsorption of Ca from the distal nephron. Vitamin D stimulates both Ca and phosphate reabsorption from the distal nephron. Vitamin is the only hormone that affects the intestine to make it absorb Ca and phosphate more avidly.
Forecasting Financial Statements’ Analysis

Pro forma income statement is an estimate for the profits or losses of a company. They are also vital for any valuation exercises one might do in investment analysis or M&A evaluation/planning. The standard approach used in the compilation of financial statements is known as the “percent of sales forecasting.”
The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora

In April of 1965 thousands of Armenians gathered in Yerevan and Los Angeles, demanding global recognition of and remembrance for the Armenian Genocide after fifty years of silence. Since then, over 200 memorials have been built around the world commemorating the victims of the Genocide and have been the center of hundreds of marches, vigils and commemorative events. This article analyzes the visual forms and semiotic natures of three Armenian Genocide memorials in Armenia, France and the United States and the commemoration practices that surround them to compare and contrast how the Genocide is being memorialized in different Armenian communities. In doing so, this article questions the long-term effects commemorations have on an overall transnational Armenian community. Ultimately, it appears that calls for Armenian Genocide recognition unwittingly categorize the global Armenian community as eternal victims, impeding the development of both the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora.
The shape of biogeography: Endemism, maps, and classification of fish distributions in the western Pacific

AIM: The aim of this study is to describe and illustrate with maps the distribution and shape of biotic areas of endemism of fish clades in the western Pacific, including East Asia and Australasia. This study also depicts the allopatric or sympatric distributions of major subclades and makes general statements about the shared history among the areas using information provided by the shape of the distributions, phylogeny, and geology. This study also tests the hypothesis that Australasia is a locus of survival or differentiation for inferred “basal” subclades of global taxa. LOCATION: Western Pacific. TAXA: Teleost fishes. METHODS: Clades are mapped to illustrate the shape of their distribution and to infer the shared relationships among distribution, phylogeny, and geology. Phylogenetic hypotheses for groups of taxa are converted into area cladograms which are used to summarize area relationships. This information is compared with that from other clades, ecology, and geology, to make general statements about the biogeographical history of the fish biota. RESULTS: The distribution of each clade has an identifiable shape. The “basal” subclades of many widespread teleost fish taxa are endemic to the western Pacific, including East Asia and Australasia; hence, this is the inferred location of a principal vicariant event for each clade. The “basal” subclade and its sister clade may be allopatric and represent remnants of general distributional patterns. The distribution of a clade, including its geography and its relationship with a geographical or geological feature, conveys historical information about the clade and the area in which it evolved: its area of endemism. These features repeat in unrelated or distantly related taxa in the biota indicating a shared history. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The western Pacific including East Asia and Australasia is a locus of survival or differentiation, the site of the principal breaks in the distribution, for an array of teleost clades. It is not their center of origin. Biology and geology should be integrated in biogeographical analyses. Modern distributions reflect remnants of once more widespread distributions. When biogeography acknowledges the connections and correlations between geology and biology, it implements a guiding principle of the work of Alexander von Humboldt.
Defining Personhood in a Posthuman World

The chapter begins with discussions of personhood and how it might be defined in order to apply “personhood” to the examples discussed in the book. I draw from two famous essays by Mary Midgley and Mary Anne Warren, both of which engage the question of “what is a ‘human’ or ‘person’?” in different ways. I introduce my delineation of outward versus inward personhood, and use the HBO series Westworld (2016–2018) as an excellent example of how we see these distinctions in play. Bourdieu’s concept of habitus is particularly important to the idea of outward personhood, and self-awareness or consciousness is central to inward personhood.
Analysis of Structural Reliability

Advances in the field of structural analysis should be accompanied by improved statistical methods of determining structural safety. The reliability or the probability of survival of the structure is used as a rational criterion for structural safety. Three methods including Monte Carlo simulation, numerical integration, and failure mode ordering are developed for computing the reliability of a structure with many members and load conditions described by frequency distributions. An elastic pinned end truss with thirteen members and two load conditions is analyzed. Investigation of different values of standard deviation for the load and strength distributions leads to a criterion for determining whether failure modes may be treated as statistically dependent or independent. The design of structures for a specified reliability is also discussed.
De Novo Malignancy after Heart Transplantation

Purpose The volume of heart transplants (HTx) has increased over the past decade, with a concurrent improvement in post-transplant survival. De novo malignancies (DNM) are a known morbidity associated with immunosuppression and become particularly relevant as HTx patients are living longer. We therefore sought to characterize the development of DNM post-HTx. Methods We queried the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database for adult HTx patients from 1987-2018. Patients diagnosed with a recurrence of a pre-transplant malignancy or squamous or basal cell carcinomas were excluded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compute annual probabilities of developing DNM. Rates were compared to the general population in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with standardized incidence ratios (SIR). Categorical and continuous characteristics were compared using Pearson's chi-squared and two-sample t-test. Results Amongst 49,491 HTx patients, median follow-up was 6.91 years. A total of 9,165 DNM were diagnosed in 6,383 patients (12.9%) at an average of 8.0 (SD 5.3) years post-HTx. At 1, 3, and 5 years, the probability of developing DNM was 0.7%, 2.8%, and 5.4%, respectively. The most commonly diagnosed DNM were lung (22.3%, n=1,424), prostate (16.4%, n=1,049), and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)/lymphoma (16.4%, n=1,049). Malignancies had a higher incidence among HTx patients than in the general population (SIRs: overall 3.83, lung 5.3, prostate 2.13, and PTLD/lymphoma 10.4). As compared to patients who did not develop a DNM, those who did were more likely to be male (83.0% vs. 75.8%), have a history of smoking (58.9% vs. 46.3%), and be older (mean age 55.4 vs. 51.3 years) (all p Conclusion The incidence of DNM is fourfold higher among HTx recipients as compared to the general population, particularly in those with additional risk factors such as male sex, smoking history, and older age. Close oncologic surveillance is particularly critical as patients survive longer.
Transcending enclosures by bus: Public transit protests, frame mobility, and the many facets of colonial occupation:

In this article, I investigate three public transit-centered Palestinian political actions in the West Bank and argue that the activists’ framing choices facilitate particular forms of global solid...
Intelligent Structural Health Monitoring with Ultrasonic Lamb Waves

Structural health monitoring is a branch of machine learning where we automatically interpret the output of in situ sensors to assess the structural integrity and remaining useful lifetime of engineered systems. Sensors can often be permanently placed in locations that are inaccessible or dangerous, and thus not appropriate for traditional nondestructive evaluation techniques where a technician both performs the inspection and interprets the output of the measurement. Ultrasonic Lamb waves are attractive because they can interrogate large areas of structures with a relatively small number of sensors, but the resulting waveforms are challenging to interpret even though these guided waves have the property that their propagation velocity depends on remaining wall thickness. Wavelet fingerprints provide a method to interpret these complex, multi-mode signals and track changes in arrival time that correspond to thickness loss due to inevitable corrosion, erosion, etc. Guided waves follow any curvature of plates and shells, and will interact with defects and structural features on both surfaces. We show results on samples from aircraft and naval structures.
A Large-Scale Internal Validation Study of Unsupervised Virtual Trichrome Staining Technologies on Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Liver Biopsies

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a type of fatty liver disease characterized by accumulation of fat in hepatocytes and concurrent inflammation. It is associated with significant morbidity as it can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure and increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH has become increasingly prevalent in the US and is a leading cause of liver transplantation for end stage liver disease and a significant public health burden. Grading and staging NASH involves liver core biopsy, followed by microscopic examination of histologic preparations of the tissue. Tissue sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to grade NASH activity, and stained with trichrome to help stage fibrosis. Methods to computationally transform one stain into another on digital whole slide images (WSI) can reduce the need for additional physical staining besides H&E, alleviating personnel, equipment, and time costs. Recent computational techniques have shown promise and success for virtual staining of tissue. We conducted a large-scale validation study of the viability of virtual staining technologies for H&E to trichrome conversion on WSI (n=574). Our results demonstrate that virtual trichrome technologies present an immediate software solution that can be readily employed in the clinical setting as a diagnostic decision aid.
Developing bioorthogonal probes to span a spectrum of reactivities

Bioorthogonal chemistries enable researchers to interrogate biomolecules in living systems. These reactions are highly selective and biocompatible, and can be performed in many complex environments. However, like any organic transformation, there is no perfect bioorthogonal reaction. Choosing the ‘best fit’ for a desired application is crucial. Correspondingly, there must be a variety of chemistries — spanning a range of rates and other features — to choose from. Over the past few years, considerable strides have been made towards not only expanding the number of bioorthogonal chemistries but also fine-tuning existing reactions for particular applications. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in the development of bioorthogonal reactions, focusing on how principles of physical organic chemistry have guided probe design. The continued expansion of this toolset will provide precisely tuned reagents for manipulating bonds in distinct environments. Tagging and manipulating biomolecules in living systems requires precisely tuned, biocompatible reactions. This Review focuses on recent advances in the development of bioorthogonal reactions, with an emphasis on how mechanistic insights have driven the field.
Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric: Communicating Self-Determination

Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric provides case studies encompassing “indigenous perspectives on rhetoric and public address,” particularly as these frameworks occur symbolically via “the conte...
Black comedy and the Bildungsroman: Fran Ross’s Oreo

In this essay, I place Fran Ross’s dazzling, unjustly neglected novel, Oreo, at the centre of contemporary discussions of race, gender, and the politics of laughter in the racist, misogynistic, and...
A Review of Current Noninvasive Imaging Surveillance Practices for Deep Venous Arterialization Procedures

Venous arterialization is an increasingly common procedure performed in patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) where there are no open or percutaneous revascularization options. Th...
Atto 465 derivative is a nuclear stain with unique excitation and emission spectra for multiplex immunofluorescence histochemistry

The architecture of a biologic response is inextricably linked with the tissue architecture of the target site. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) is an effective technique for the maximal visualization of multiple target proteins in situ. This powerful tool is limited by the spectral overlap separation of the currently available synthetic fluorescent dyes. The fluorescence excitation wavelengths ranging between 405nm and 488nm are rarely used in mIF imaging and serve as a logical additional slot for a fluorescent probe. In the present study, we demonstrate that Atto 465-pentafluoroaniline (Atto 465-p), a derivative of the fluorescent dye Atto 465, can serve as a nuclear stain in the violet-blue region of the visible spectrum. This opens the 405nm channel, traditionally used for nuclear stain, for detection of another experimental target. This increases the flexibility of the mIF panel and, with appropriate staining and microscopy, enables the quantitative analysis of at least six targets in one tissue section.
Self-Reported Health Indicators in the US Army: Longitudinal Analysis From a Population Surveillance System, 2014‒2018

Objectives. To describe health-related behaviors or indicators associated with overall health and well-being using the Global Assessment Tool (GAT), a health behavior and psychosocial questionnaire...
Using neurotypical siblings as intervention agents to guide individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A systematic review

Abstract Background Siblings share a unique and long-lasting relationship. Their involvement in the upbringing of an individual with a disability may lead to long-term positive developmental outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize existing interventions where neurotypical (NT) siblings served as intervention agents to guide their brothers/sisters with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods Within this review we describe the training provided to NT siblings and how they delivered interventions to their brothers/sisters with ASD. We also summarize social validity outcomes to understand the social importance of the goals and effects as well as the social appropriateness of the intervention procedures from the perspectives of parents, siblings, and naive observers. Results The 16 included studies provided training of intervention strategies/skills (e.g., Stay-Play-Talk curriculum, delivering prompts and reinforcers, and giving play instructions) to NT siblings. After training, NT siblings implemented the intervention through play or other interactions with their siblings with ASD. Social validity outcomes from raters indicated the agreement on the intervention goals, appropriateness and acceptance of the procedures, and satisfaction of the behavioral changes of the included studies. Conclusion Findings from this systematic review should be used to guide the development of appropriate training for NT siblings and inform the procedures within interventions delivery. Limitations of existing studies and areas for future consideration are discussed.
More Affordable Housing, But Where, and for Whom? A New Jersey Study revealing the Low Income Housing Tax Credit’s Impact, and the Ongoing Concentration of the Poor

Since its inception as part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the Tax Credit for Low-Income Rental Housing (Low Income Housing Tax Credit, “LIHTC”) has been the most significant government subsidy for the provision of affordable rental housing.1 The program has grown significantly in size, especially in recent years. In 2001, states received $1.50 per capita to dedicate to tax credits for qualifying projects; by 2010, this federal expenditure rose to $2.10 per capita.2 Even in its early days, LIHTC was called the most generous tax credit in history.3 By 2000, one million units of affordable housingcompliant with metro-specific rent caps and tenant income restrictions described in this paperhad been created nationwide by use of the LIHTC.4 By 2008, that total reached over 1.76 million.5
A Review of Crime Laboratory Management Forum 1976

The book is a compilation of twelve essay-type chapters and a chapter on the results of a criminalisties survey. The authors are outstanding personalities in the crime laboratory field today.