cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grazing Influences on Mass, Nutritive Value, and Persistence of Stockpiled Jesup Tall Fescue without and with Novel and Wild-Type Fungal Endophytes

Introducing novel endophytes into tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) that produce no ergot alkaloids could prevent negative impacts on animal performance while improving plant persistence. This 3-yr study evaluated ‘Jesup’ tall fescue (TF) for forage mass, nutritivevalue, and stand persistence when containing no endophyte, a novel endophyte (no ergot alkaloids), or a wild-type endophyte (ergot alkaloids). Forage was accumulated from mid-August and treatments consisted of (i) a grazed control (grazed when growth approximated 10 to 15 cm), or forage accumulated and grazed in (ii) mid-November, (iii) mid-December, (iv) mid-January, and (v) mid-February. Endophyte status had no influence on total forage mass; forage removed by grazing; proportion of leaf, stem, and dead fractions; or on nutritive value (except ergovaline which was greatest in the wild type). Delaying defoliation linearly reduced forage mass, ergovaline concentration, and nutritive value. All stands of TF declined with losses similar (P 5 0.37) for wild-type and novel stands (29 vs. 42%) but were greatest for the TF without an endophyte (29 vs. 75%; P 5 0.01 and 42 vs. 75%; P 5 0.04). These data support the use of novel endophytes in TF for animal production and caution against the use of endophyte-free TF because of decreased stand longevity. The presence of ergovaline can be minimized by stockpiling TF with utilization after late autumn but occurs with a sacrifice in forage mass and nutritive value.
A Fourier error analysis for radial basis functions on an infinite uniform grid. Part 2: Spectral-plus is special

A frequent claim in the radial basis function (RBF) literature is that with a wise choice of the ''shape parameter'' @a, spectrally accurate RBFs can be ''spectral-plus'' in the sense that the RBF approximation is orders of magnitude more accurate than the corresponding spectral method. This is surprising because in the so-called ''flat limit'', @a->0, RBF methods provably reduce to a standard spectral method. On an infinite uniform grid, for example, Gaussian, hyperbolic secant, inverse quadratic, and multiquadric and inverse multiquadric RBFs reduce to the classical sinc basis. Using the error theorem proved in Part 1, we show that indeed it is possible for RBFs to be greatly superior to the sinc basis. However, rather special conditions are required for this superiority. The generic case is that RBFs are less accurate than the sinc method for nonzero values of the shape parameter.
PRINCIPAIS DOENÇAS DA CULTURA DA SOJA E MANEJO INTEGRADO

Muitas doencas ja foram relatadas na cultura da soja, porem a incidencia e severidade dependem de alguns fatores, como clima, cultivares, potencial de inoculo de patogenos, estrutura e fertilidade do solo, vigor da planta, dentre outros. O cenario das doencas na cultura da soja no Brasil vem se alterando a cada ano, com o aumento da severidade de algumas doencas, tanto da parte aerea, como as causadas por fungos habitantes do solo. A maioria dos patogenos bacterianos e fungicos e transmitida ou transportada pelas sementes. As principais doencas bacterianas sao crestamento bacteriano, fogo selvagem e pustula bacteriana. Essas doencas encontram-se controladas atraves do uso de cultivares de soja com maior nivel de resistencia genetica aos seus patogenos. As doencas causadas por fungos sao a maioria na cultura. A ocorrencia das doencas pode variar de safra a safra, de regiao a regiao e a maior ou menor severidade depende das condicoes climaticas, cultivar de soja em uso e potencial de inoculo do patogeno. Algumas doencas tem requerido controle quimico, como as doencas de fim de ciclo, oidio, mofo branco e ferrugem. A ferrugem tem proporcionado altos custos ao seu controle com fungicidas, ha mais de uma decada. Nas ultimas safras, o mofo branco tambem tem ocorrido em muitas culturas, com necessidade do uso de fungicidas. Nesta palestra sao apresentadas as principais doencas da cultura da soja, seus sintomas e o manejo integrado ao controle de doencas.
Customers of performing arts organisations: are subscribers different from nonsubscribers?

The subscribing customers of performing arts organisations are an indispensable, but frequently maligned source of patronage for the arts. This paper reviews some of these criticisms in the arts literature and assesses previous research on subscribers. Audience studies of the customers of cultural organisations have generally focused on usage differences (eg nonusers, frequent users) rather than subscriber/nonsubscriber differences. Based on theories of relationship marketing, the paper describes how relational subscribers may differ from nonsubscribing customers who frequent the arts but are more transactional in their exchanges with the cultural organisation. The results of a survey of subscribing and nonsubscribing customers of a repertory theatre company are presented to show differences between these two types of customer. Subscribers have higher levels of satisfaction, trust and commitment, and have more positive intentions of supporting and donating to the organisation. The arts patronage goals of subscribers are more congruent with the goals of the cultural organisation. Subscribers are more satisfied with familiar than with famous performers, and are comfortable with diversity in the choice of repertoire. Other factors examined include differences in overall involvement with the category of theatre, perceptions of risk and value, use of information sources, and reasons why some customers choose not to subscribe. The paper concludes with discussion of the importance of relationship marketing and subscribing customers for the performing arts organisation. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment in a Supersymmetric U(1)' Model

Abstract We study the muon anomalous magnetic moment a μ = ( g μ − 2 ) / 2 in a supersymmetric U ( 1 ) ′ model. The neutralino sector has extra components from the superpartners of the U ( 1 ) ′ gauge boson and the extra Higgs singlets that break the U ( 1 ) ′ symmetry. The theoretical maximum bound on the lightest neutralino mass is much smaller than that of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) because of the mixing pattern of the extra components. In a U ( 1 ) ′ model where the U ( 1 ) ′ symmetry is broken by a secluded sector (the S -model), tan β is required to be ≲3 to have realistic electroweak symmetry breaking. These facts suggest that the a μ prediction may be meaningfully different from that of the MSSM. We evaluate and compare the muon anomalous magnetic moment in this model and the MSSM and discuss the constraints on tan β and relevant soft breaking terms. There are regions of the parameter space that can explain the experimental deviation of a μ from the Standard Model calculation and yield an acceptable cold dark matter relic density without conflict with collider experimental constraints.
Photoinduced electron transfer in a donor–acceptor dyad oriented by an aligned nematic liquid crystal solvent

Abstract Ultrafast photoinduced charge separation in the donor–acceptor dyad, N-(10-phenyl-10-H-phenothiazine)-9-cyano-1,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)-perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (CNPMI-PTZ) occurs readily in both toluene and benzonitrile. When CNPMI-PTZ is dissolved in the nematic liquid crystal 4-(n-pentyl)-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and the mixture is incorporated into a cell whose interior surfaces are coated with a rubbed polymer, both the liquid crystal director and CNPMI-PTZ align parallel to the rub direction. This geometry allows selective excitation of the CNPMI chromophores aligned along the director using linearly polarized light. Transient absorption measurements using aligned CNPMI-PTZ are compared to those obtained in isotropic solvents. It is found that both charge separation and charge recombination are adiabatic in the aligned 5CB and the charge transfer kinetics are slow relative to the motions of the aligned donor–acceptor molecule. The adiabaticity leads to enhanced ion pair lifetimes, which most likely will prove useful for designing systems for the photoconversion of solar energy.
Social Indicators: a Third World Perspective

Social Indicators provide data for assessing the social issues and concerns for human welfare inherent in the concept of sustainable development, particularly in the context of economic structural adjustment. They give a broader social view of development. 1 The World Bank is now the only institution that regularly publishes, on an annual basis, detailed data on social conditions for all countries of the World. This information is contained in the Bank's Social Indicators of Development Report (SID), the latest edition of which came out in December 1989. 2 The data published form a subset of a much broader array of social statistics of varying reliability held on file in the Bank's central data base. Since the Bank is organized according to geographical regions for operational purposes, and implements policy country by country, the data are arranged primarily on a national basis. Statistical series published by the Bank, therefore, mostly reflect country specific definitions and classifications. This has both advantages and disadvantages, but it means that in some cases international comparability may be sacrificed for national relevance. The Social Indicators Report, however, also contains several World Tables on special topics where certain selected indicators, judged to be more comparable and critical than others, are shown for all countries.
A High Vacuum Fracture Facility for Molecular Interactions

This paper describes the development of a high vacuum fracture rig for delaminating functionalized silicon surfaces. The main focus here is on examining molecular interactions by functionalizing the silicon surfaces with carboxyl and diamine terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). However, many other interactions can be considered. The crack front location and normal crack opening displacements (NCOD) are measured by infrared crack opening interferometry (IR-COI). This allows the normal traction-separation relation of the interactions to be determined. Some mixed-mode fracture experiments were conducted on silicon/carboxyl/diamine/silicon sandwich specimens in ambient and high vacuum. Interesting differences in behavior were noted.
The 4h/24h 99mTc-MDP whole body retention: A new index of bone pathology

Abstract A simple technique for determining the whole body retention of 99mTc labeled methylene diphosphonate (MDP) at 4-h and 24-h was applied to 28 adult patients (22 prostate cancer, 6 osteoporosis). Following administration of 20 mCi (740 MBq) 99mTc-MDP, a qualitative scintigram was performed and whole body retention was recorded at 4 and 24 h. The prostate cancer patients all had positive bone scintigrams, and of this group, 7 were in relapse and 15 in remission on chemotherapy. The osteoporotic groups whole body retention values were determined prior to the initiation of drug therapy. Mean percent whole body retention values were significantly greater at 4 and 24 h for the cancer patients in relapse relative to both the prostate cancer patients in remission and the osteoporotics: 4-h%/24-h%; equals 74.3/60.2, 57.5/33.5, and 48.0/30.3, respectively. The whole body retention values of the latter two groups, however, were only significantly different at 4-h. An additional index of skeletal pathology was developed by combining the 4-h/24-h values to calculate the biological half time (t 1 2b ) for this time period using a single exponential model. Again the cancer patients in relapse exhibited a significantly longer half time relative to those in remission and the osteoporotics (70.4 vs 25.7 h and 29.2 h, respectively). The combination of 4 and 24-h whole body retention values with the associated t1 2b has potential for following and classifying patients during the course of their skeletal disease. These values have been shown to be especially valuable with cancer patients with metastatic disease.
Rectangular Cutthroat Flow Measurement Flumes

The dimensions and criteria for constructing rectangular cut-throat flumes, their role in water measurement, and the advantages of their use are examined. The differences between free flow and submerged flow conditions are described along with the necessary criteria for determining which flow regime exists. The transition submergences are listed for flume sizes between 1 ft and 6 ft. The general free flow equation and the curves which are used when submerged flow exists in the flumes are presented. Proper installation and maintenance procedures for cutthroat flumes and techniques for measuring flow depths which yield satisfactory results are described.
Scalable Concurrent B-Trees Using Multi-Version Memory

We present a new algorithm for implementing a concurrent B-tree on a multiprocessor. The algorithm replicates B-tree nodes on multiple processors (particularly nodes near the root of the tree) to eliminate bottlenecks caused by contention for a single copy of each node. In contrast to other replication or caching strategies that provide some form of coherence, the algorithm uses a novel replication strategy, calledmulti-version memory. Multi-version memory weakens the semantics of coherent caches by allowing readers to access “old versions” of data. As a result, readers can run in parallel with a writer. Using multi-version memory for the internal nodes of a B-tree reduces the synchronization requirements and delays associated with updating the internal nodes. Experiments comparing the B-tree algorithm based on multi-version memory to other algorithms based on coherent replication show that using multi-version memory enhances throughput significantly, even for small numbers of processors, and also allows throughput to scale with increasing numbers of processors long past the point where other algorithms saturate and start to thrash.
Curve Decomposition Analysis for Fixed-Guided Beams With Application to Statically Balanced Compliant Mechanisms

Statically balanced compliant mechanisms require no holding force throughout their range of motion while maintaining the advantages of compliant mechanisms. In this paper, a post-buckled fixed-guided beam is proposed to provide the negative stiffness to balance the positive stiffness of a compliant mechanism. To that end, a unique curve decomposition modeling method is presented to simplify the large deflection analysis. The modeling method facilitates parametric design insight and elucidates key points on the force-deflection curve. Experimental results validate the analysis. Furthermore, static balancing with fixed-guided beams is demonstrated for a rectilinear proof-of-concept prototype.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Exponential growth rate of Dempster-Shafer belief functions

In this paper we discuss some topics of knowledge representation for reasoning under uncertainty in belief network-based systems. In particular, we will examine the seemly obvious but unduly overlooked phenomenon that belief functions can grow at an exponential rate when using Dempster's rule of combination, which often results in belief computations being done in nearly worst cases. This problem has severe practical consequences for the development of belief network-based systems in applications domains where the knowledge structure determines a dense belief network with high degrees of node linkage and especially with large clusterings of belief functions. Empirical evidence suggests that belief networks for some types of problem domain like classification tend to be very dense. Despite the development of efficient local computation schemes for belief propagation in general Dempster-Shafer belief networks, it can be concluded that the actual applicability of belief networks is limited subject to the knowledge structure of the problem domain under consideration.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Exercise test predictors of ambulatory silent ischemia during daily life in stable angina pectoris

Abstract The predictive value of several exercise test parameters in identifying stable angina patients at risk of silent myocardial ischemia during daily life were examined. A total of 97 patients with coronary artery disease, stable angina and ambulatory electro-cardiographic data were evaluated. Of the 86 patients with a positive exercise test, 39 (group 1) had ≥1 episodes of ST-segment depression and 47 (group 2) did not develop ST changes during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Comparison of the exercise test parameters between the 2 groups revealed early onset of ischemia during exercise tests as the single most significant (p
The use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of internal energy distributions in isolated transient species in the gas phase

Abstract Isotope effects on the loss of H and D are used to estimate the internal energy distribution in transient radicals produced by collisional electron transfer in the gas phase, as studied by neutralization–reionization mass spectrometry (NRMS). Experimental intermolecular and intramolecular isotope effects are compared to those calculated by RRKM theory on ab initio potential energy surfaces and convoluted with energy distribution curves. Fitting parameters in trial energy distribution curves provides widths and maxima that are compared with the energetics of ion and neutral formation. For collisional neutralization of 2-hydroxypyridinium, 3-hydroxypyridinium, and C(OH) 3 + cations by electron transfer from polarizable molecular targets, the most probable internal energy of the resulting transient radical is expressed as a simple sum of the precursor ion internal energy and the Franck–Condon energy acquired by vertical electron capture. This simple formula allows one to predict internal energies in transient neutral systems where a complete kinetic analysis of isotope effects is difficult or impractical.
New quantum aspects of a vacuum-dominated universe

In a new model that we proposed, nonperturbative vacuum contributions to the effective action of a free quantized massive scalar field lead to a cosmological solution in which the scalar curvature becomes constant after a time ${t}_{j}$ (when the redshift $z\ensuremath{\sim}1)$ that depends on the mass of the scalar field and its curvature coupling. This spatially flat solution implies an accelerating universe at the present time and gives a good one-parameter fit to high-redshift type Ia supernovae (SNe-Ia) data, and the present age and energy density of the universe. Here we show that the imaginary part of the nonperturbative curvature term that causes the cosmological acceleration implies a particle production rate that agrees with predictions of other methods and extends them to non-zero mass fields. The particle production rate is very small after the transition and is not expected to alter the nature of the cosmological solution. We also show that the equation of state of our model undergoes a transition at ${t}_{j}$ from an equation of state dominated by non-relativistic pressureless matter (without a cosmological constant) to an effective equation of state of mixed radiation and cosmological constant, and we derive the equation of state of the vacuum. Finally, we explain why nonperturbative vacuum effects of this ultralow-mass particle do not significantly change standard early universe cosmology.
Securing Network Processors with High-Performance Hardware Monitors

As the Internet becomes integrated into nearly all aspects of everyday life, its reliability grows in importance. This vital communication resource, which has become an inviting target for attackers, must be protected with the same vigor as the end-systems it interconnects. Recent trends in network router architecture towards programmability and flexibility have increased the susceptibility of communication hardware to software attacks which modify intended data processing and forwarding functions. Contemporary routers typically feature network processors, whose protocol processing functions are determined via software. Prior work has shown that these general-purpose software-based processing systems can be attacked with data packets sent through the Internet. As a defense mechanism, the correct functionality of a network processor can be verified by a hardware monitor that observes processor operation and compares it to expected behavior. In the event of an attack, the monitor can interrupt the network processor, suppress malicious behavior, and reset the processor to a usable state for processing of subsequent traffic. In this work, we present several significant advances in hardware monitoring for network processors. A low-overhead monitor architecture that evaluates correct network processor operation in real-time on an instruction-by-instruction basis is described and tested. The monitor is shown to effectively prevent stack smashing attacks on processors that use a Harvard architecture, a widely used network processor configuration. Through experimentation, we show that our approach to hardware monitoring does not affect data plane packet throughput. In the event of an attack, malicious packets are dropped while packets of regular network traffic proceed through the network unaffected. A full evaluation of monitor architectural parameters is provided to create an optimized monitor design.
Scene Recognition following Locomotion around a Scene

Effects of locomotion on scene-recognition reaction time (RT) and accuracy were studied. In experiment 1, observers memorized an 11-object scene and made scene-recognition judgments on subsequently presented scenes from the encoded view or different views (ie scenes were rotated or observers moved around the scene, both from 40° to 360°). In experiment 2, observers viewed different 5-object scenes on each trial and made scene-recognition judgments from the encoded view or after moving around the scene, from 36° to 180°. Across experiments, scene-recognition RT increased (in experiment 2 accuracy decreased) with angular distance between encoded and judged views, regardless of how the viewpoint changes occurred. The findings raise questions about conditions in which locomotion produces spatially updated representations of scenes.
RADIOGRAPHY REVIEW: THE VASCULAR AND BRONCHIAL PATTERNS OF PULMONARY DISEASE

Pulmonary blood vessels account for the majority of radiographically visible structures in normal lung. The vascular pattern of pulmonary disease is characterized by changes in vessel size, shape, contour. Changes in size can be classified as hypo vasularity (decreased size) or hyper vascularity (increased size). The pulmonary arteries and veins may be affected separately or simultaneously. In normal lung, the bronchial structures peripheral to the hilar area are not seen clearly. The bronchial pattern of pulmonary disease is characterized by alteractions in bronchial wall thickness and dinsity, or in bronchial lumen diameter. Mixtures of the four lung patterns, i.e., alveolar, interstitial, bronchial, and vascular, occur frequently. The lung radiographic pattern in an individual animal depends not only on the disease process present, but also on the stage of the disease during which they are radiographed.
Functional and electrophysiological changes after graded traumatic spinal cord injury in adult rat

A graded contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) was created in the adult rat spinal cord using the Infinite Horizons (IH) impactor to study the correlation between injury severity and anatomical, behavioral, and electrophysiological outcomes. Adult Fisher rats were equally divided into five groups and received contusion injuries at the ninth thoracic level (T9) with 100, 125, 150, 175, or 200 kdyn impact forces, respectively. Transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials (tcMMEPs) and BBB open-field locomotor analyses were performed weekly for 4 weeks postinjury. Our results demonstrated that hindlimb locomotor function decreased in accordance with an increase in injury severity. The locomotor deficits were proportional to the amount of damage to the ventral and lateral white matter (WM). Locomotor function was strongly correlated to the amount of spared WM, which contains the reticulospinal and propriospinal tracts. Normal tcMMEP latencies were recorded in control, all of 100-kdyn-injured and half of 125-kdyn-injured animals. Delayed latency responses were recorded in some of 125-kdyn-injured and all of 150-kdyn-injured animals. No tcMMEP responses were recorded in 175- and 200-kdyn-injured animals. Comparison of tcMMEP responses with areas of WM loss or demyelination identified the medial ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) as the location of the tcMMEP pathway. Immunohistochemical and electromicroscopic (EM) analyses showed the presence of demyelinated axons in WM tracts surrounding the lesion cavities at 28 days postinjury. These data support the notion that widespread WM damage in the ventral and lateral funiculi may be a major cause for locomotor deficits and lack of tcMMEP responses after SCI.
The Impact of Alternate High School Exit Certificates on Access to Postsecondary Education

The vast majority of high school students plan to attend college, but little is known about the postsecondary enrollment of students who exit high school with certificates of completion or individualized diplomas. With as many as 10% of all high school completers in some states earning documentation other than the high school diploma, it is necessary to better understand the access to postsecondary education for this subset of students who exit high school. Results of this case study reflect the policies and perceptions of a stratified sample of postsecondary institutions in two states. Conclusions highlight both state and institutional variation in postsecondary admission requirements and concerns related to the social validity of the alternate exit certificate.
Lyapunov-Based Visual Servo Tracking Control Via A Quatemion Formulation

The singularities in visual servo control associated with the image Jacobian and the error system containing trigonometric terms make the controller fail in some particular configurations. Many applications may be restricted by these singularities. In this paper, a quaternion parameterization is used to formulate the visual servo tracking control problem to eliminate the singularities. As in the previous work by Chen et al. (2005), the tracking problem is encoded by a sequence of images (i.e., a video). Adaptive tracking controllers are developed for both the camera-in-hand and camera-to-hand problem. A quaternion-based Lyapunov function is developed to facilitate the control design and the stability analysis
Nonequilibrium Defect-Unbinding Transition: Defect Trajectories and Loop Statistics

In a Ginzburg-Landau model for parametrically driven waves, a transition between a state of ordered and one of disordered spatiotemporal defect chaos is found. To get insight into the breakdown of the order, the defect trajectories are tracked in detail. Since the defects are created and annihilated in pairs, the trajectories form loops in space-time. The probability distribution functions for the size of the loops and the number of defects involved in them undergo a transition from exponential decay in the ordered regime to a power-law decay in the disordered regime. These power laws are also found in a simple lattice model of randomly created defect pairs that diffuse and annihilate upon collision.
Paired windward and leeward biogeochemical time series reveal consistent surface ocean CO2 trends across the Hawaiian Ridge

Sustained time series have provided compelling evidence for progressive acidification of the surface oceans through exchange with the growing atmospheric reservoir of carbon dioxide. However, few long-term programs exist, and extrapolation of results from one site to larger oceanic expanses is hampered by the lack of spatial coverage inherent to Eulerian sampling. Since 1988, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series program has sampled CO2 system variables nearly monthly at Station ALOHA, a deep ocean site windward and 115 km north of the island of Oahu. Surface measurements have also been made at Station Kahe, a leeward site 12 km from the island and on the opposite side of the Hawaiian Ridge. Despite having different physical settings, the sites exhibit identical rates of surface pCO2 increase and hydrogen ion accumulation, suggesting that atmospheric forcing dominates over local dynamics in determining the CO2 trend in the surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre.
Analgesia for Circumcision: Effects on Newborn Behavior and Mother/Infant Interaction

Objective To test the effectiveness of acetaminophen for pain management during and after circumcision. Design A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, pretest-posttest design. Setting Level III nursery at a Midwestern hospital. Participants Sixty full-term newborns, whose mothers had uncomplicated pregnancies and vaginal deliveries. Interventions Administration of 10 mg/kg acetaminophen or placebo 1 hour before circumcision. Main Outcome Measures Behaviors (clarity of cues and responsiveness) were observed in newborns during a feeding interaction, and pain distress (percentage of time crying and heart rate) was assessed during and after the circumcision. Results ANCOVA revealed significant group differences in subscales of the NCAFS (Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale) for newborns, whereas statistically significant differences for mothers were found in the sensitivity to cues and social-emotional growth-fostering scales. A significant increase in heart rate and crying time during the circumcision was noted; however, no significant difference was observed between groups. At the diaper change after the circumcision, the percentage of cry did suggest an effect from the analgesia. Conclusions These findings reinforce the reciprocal, synchronous nature of mother-infant interactions during the early postpartum period and the need for pain control after circumcision to promote neonatal comfort and improve mother-infant interaction.
System-Level Process Variation Driven Throughput Analysis for Single and Multiple Voltage-Frequency Island Designs

Manufacturing process variations are the primary cause of timing yield loss in aggressively scaled technologies. In this paper, we analyze the impact of process variations on the throughput (rate) characteristics of embedded systems comprised of multiple voltage-frequency islands (VFIs) represented as component graphs. We provide an efficient, yet accurate method to compute the throughput of an application in a probabilistic scenario and show that systems implemented with multiple VFIs are more likely to meet throughput constraints than their fully synchronous counterparts. The proposed framework allows designers to investigate the impact of architectural decisions such as the granularity of VFI partitioning on their designs, while determining the likelihood of a system meeting specified throughput constraints. An implementation of the proposed framework is accurate within 1.2% of Monte Carlo simulation while yielding speed-ups ranging from 78times-260times, for a set of synthetic benchmarks. Results on a real benchmark (MPEG-2 encoder) show that a nine clock domain implementation gives 100% yield for a throughput constraint for which a fully synchronous design only yields 25%. For the same throughput constraint, a three clock domain architecture yields 78%
Selected Legal Aspects of Academic Administrative Leadership: An Orientation for New Academic Administrators.

The basis for sound administrative decisions in colleges and universities lies in broad-based knowledge of federal and state constitutional and statutory provisions, case law, policies of governing boards, and other legal issues affecting higher education.
Identification of polyamine-responsive bacterioplankton taxa in South Atlantic Bight

Putrescine and spermidine are short-chained aliphatic polyamines (PAs) that are ubiquitously distributed in seawater. These compounds may be important sources of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen for marine bacterioplankton. Here, we used pyrotag sequencing to quantify the response of bacterioplankton to putrescine and spermidine amendments in microcosms established using surface waters collected at various stations in the South Atlantic Bight in October 2011. Our analysis showed that PA-responsive bacterioplankton consisted of bacterial taxa that are typically dominant in marine systems. Rhodobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria) was the taxon most responsive to PA additions at the nearshore site. Gammaproteobacteria of the families Piscirickettsiaceae; Vibrionaceae; and Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae, were the dominant PA-responsive taxa in samples from the river-influenced coastal station, offshore station and open ocean station, respectively. The spatial variability of PA-responsive taxa may be attributed to differences in composition of the initial bacterial community and variations of in situ physiochemical conditions among sites. Our results also provided the first empirical evidence that Gammaproteobacteria might play an important role in PA transformation in marine systems.
The iPad in radiology resident education.

BACKGROUND The widespread adoption of mobile devices such as smart phones, laptops, and tablets may have an impact on medical education. A recent survey of health care professionals showed that 79% use iPads for work [1]. Several medical schools and residency programs have already incorporated iPads into their curricula [2]. Given the image-based learning in radiology, tablet devices have the potential to enhance the way radiology is studied and taught [3]. However, few studies have examined the influence of tablet technology on radiology residency education. We aimed to assess the impact of iPad ownership on radiology resident education in terms of study habits and use of
Argentina as a New Country

As a new country of settlement origins Argentina, like the United States, belongs to a small group of historically favored nations. Since its economic development has differed to a considerable degree from that of others of the group, an examination of Argentina's experience and relative position may serve to raise questions of interest to students of comparative history.
Formal Design Verification of Digital Systems

In present design automation systems, the standard approach that is taken to verify the correctness of proposed logic designs is that of simulation. However, due to several difficulties that arise as simulation is applied to more complex systems, designers have searched for other techniques to at least augment this traditional approach. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe a research project to develop a formal design verification system using the Argonne Automated Reasoning Assistant (AURA). Some results of this investigation are presented, together with a discussion of some of the problems that have been encountered and plans for future work.
STRATEGIES FOR TRANSPLANTATION OF CADAVERIC KIDNEYS WITH CONGENITAL FUSION ANOMALIES

Purpose: The dire shortage of cadaveric kidneys has led to a gradual expansion of donor criteria in the transplant community. The use of kidneys with anatomical fusion anomalies is uncommon and has not been well defined in the literature. We evaluated the surgical strategies and postoperative outcomes of transplanting cadaveric kidneys with congenital fusion anomalies.Materials and Methods: Three cadaveric kidneys with congenital fusion anomalies were procured and transplanted between May 1994 and November 1999. None of the 3 donors had any significant urological history. All fusion anomalies were identified during the organ procurement process.Results: Anomalies included 1 L-shaped cross-fused ectopic and 2 horseshoe kidneys. All 3 kidneys were procured en bloc. One horseshoe kidney with a narrow isthmus was split and the 2 kidneys were transplanted into separate recipients, while the other horseshoe kidney was transplanted en bloc into a single recipient. The L-shaped kidney was transplanted en bloc int...
Heterochromatic silencing of Drosophila heat shock genes acts at the level of promoter potentiation

In a variety of organisms, genes placed near heterochromatin are transcriptionally silenced. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this block in transcription, high resolution in vivo chromatin structure analysis was performed on two heat shock genes, hsp26 and hsp70. These genes normally reside in euchromatin where GAGA factor and RNA Pol II are present on the promoter prior to heat shock induction. P-element transformation experiments led to the identification of stocks in which these two genes were inserted within heterochromatin of the chromosome 4 telomeric region. These transgenes exhibit silencing that is partially suppressed by mutations in the gene encoding HP1. Micrococcal nuclease analysis revealed that the heterochromatic transgenes were packaged in a more regular nucleosome array than when located in euchromatin. High resolution DNase I analysis demonstrated that GAGA factor and TFIID were not associated with these promoters in heterochromatin; potassium permanganate experiments showed a loss of Pol II association. Taken together, these data suggest that occlusion of trans-acting factors from their cis- acting regulatory elements leading to a block in promoter potentiation is a mechanism for heterochromatin gene silencing.
A unified voltage quality conditioner without reference calculation

Voltage quality is one of the most important factors of the power quality in distribution systems and is sensitive to many customers. Voltage quality problems include: Amplitude errors (regulation), harmonics, phase unbalance, sag or swell, flick, impulse, and interrupt/outage etc. This paper adopts the one cycle control (OCC) method in a series connection topology, which here acts as a unified voltage quality conditioner (UVQC) to deal with most of the problems identified above. The new OCC-UVQC has many advantages including no reference calculation resulting in a great simplicity, fast transient response, high precision, constant switching frequency, and excellent reliability. The principle of the proposed UVQC is provided in detail. The performances of voltage quality improvement are verified by simulation and experimental results.
A transformer-flux-balance controller for a high-frequency-link inverter with applications for solid-state transformer, renewable/alternative energy sources, energy storage, and electric vehicles

This paper outlines a controller that balances the flux of the isolation transformer in a multi-stage high-frequency-link (HFL) bi-directional inverter. It comprises a primary-side high-frequency (HF) dc/ac converter (referred to as Bridge I) followed by cascaded ac/pulsating-dc and pulsating-dc/ac converters (referred to as Bridge II and Bridge III) on the secondary side of the transformer. The overall inverter is preceded by a capacitive filter and is followed by an output LC filter. The issue with the flux balance arises when energy is fed back from the ac output of the inverter to the dc energy source. The problem arises in the HFL inverter in this bi-directional mode since without an intermediate dc-link capacitor, the output of Bridge III, which is pulsating, has an additional problem with the variation in the maximum amplitude of each pulse due to an underlying beat frequency. Without addressing the flux imbalance, the HF transformer may saturate and have an impact on its size and thermal sustenance. The simulation results of the flux-balance controller shows satisfactory performance.
Physiology of oropharyngeal swallow in the cat: a videofluoroscopic and electromyographic study

The majority of animal studies of deglutition have examined electrically stimulated swallows in sedated animals. This present investigation examined oropharyngeal and cervical esophageal swallow ph...
AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE: A JEWISH VIEW

(1991). AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE: A JEWISH VIEW. Religious Education: Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 184-196.
Evolved Navigation Theory and the Environmental Vertical Illusion

Abstract This study outlines a previously unknown, large illusory component to one of the most common psychological experiences. Evolved navigation theory (ENT) suggests that perceptual and navigational mechanisms reflect navigational costs over evolution. Vertical surfaces pose a distinct cost of falling not present in horizontal navigation. However, horizontal surfaces sometimes form retinally vertical images and researchers often assume that retinal image determines distance perception. We tested ENT-derived predictions suggesting that observers would overestimate surface lengths based on environmental, not retinal, verticality. Participants drastically overestimated environmentally vertical surfaces only and did so at a magnitude related to surface length. These results replicate across multiple settings and methods and are supported by previous studies. Although researchers often assume that selection pushes perceptual mechanisms toward objective accuracy, this study suggests that genetic fitness can sometimes benefit from systematic illusions.
Maximizing What Exceptional Students Can Learn A Review of Research on the Keyword Method and Related Mnemonic Techniques

This paper reviews recent research involving the use of mnemonic techniques with exceptional students. All results to date indicate that students instructed in these techniques consistently and significantly outperform students who are given alternative modes of study—including direct instruction—on a variety of school-learning tasks. Both theoretical and applied research issues are considered throughout the paper.
Stability and security assessment of a class of systems governed by LaGrange's equation with application to multi-machine power systems

In recent studies, it has been verified heuristically and experimentally (via simulations) that instability in power systems due to a fault occurs when one machine or a group of machines, called the critical group, loses synchronism with the remaining machines. Using energy functions associated with a critical group (rather than system-wide energy functions), transient stability results which are less conservative than other existing results, have recently been obtained. The existence and identity of a critical group is ascertained in these studies by off-line simulations. In the present paper, we first establish some general stability results for a large class of dynamical systems (which are arrived at via a Lagrange formulation). We then show how multi-machine power systems with nonuniform damping are special cases of this class of dynamical systems. Next, we show that our stability results can be used to establish analytically the existence and the identity of the critical group of machines in a power system due to a given fault. Furthermore, we also show that our stability results can be used to obtain an estimate of the domain of attraction of an asymptotically stable equilibrium of a power system. The results presented herein can potentially be used on-line to determine which machines belong to a critical group, and to use this information for corrective action (e.g., shedding of the critical generators or fast valving for these generators.) As such, our results have potential applications in fault diagnosis and security assessment of certain classes of dynamical systems in general and of power systems in particular. The applicability of the present results is explored by means of a specific example (a 162-bus, 17-generator model of the power network of the State of Iowa). Certain limitations of the present results are recognized and avenues for further research are identified.
A new built-in test scheme for DCVS circuits

A new built-in-test (BIT) scheme for differential cascode voltage switch (DCVS) circuits is presented. The scheme implements a mixed test strategy, combining both offline and online tests, and achieves very high transistor-level fault coverage as well as low error detection latency. The scheme has the additional merits of minimal impact on circuit performance and very reasonable hardware overhead. >
Factors Affecting the Incidence and Severity of a Breast Blister Condition in Broilers

Abstract BREAST blisters have been observed on poultry for a number of years, but during the last two or three years, there has been an apparent increase in the incidence of this condition in broilers. The Federal Poultry Inspectors in the Northwest Arkansas broiler area have observed incidences higher than 70 percent in certain flocks which were dressed in the processing plants where they were employed. In these cases, a portion of the breast was removed, thus reducing not only the weight but the market grade of the bird, with an appreciable reduction in price per pound of the marketable product. Smith (1956) studied the effect of several different types of litter on incidence of breast blisters. Among the materials studied were wood shavings, sawdust, whole corn cobs, and corn cobs which were ground to particles less than three inches in diameter. He found that birds which were maintained on the …
QseA Directly Activates Transcription of LEE1 in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Quorum sensing (QS) in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) regulates the expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The LEE contains five major operons named LEE1 through LEE5. QseA was previously shown to be activated through QS and to activate the transcription of LEE1. The LEE1 operon encodes Ler, the transcription activator of all other LEE genes, and has two promoters: a distal promoter (P1) and a proximal promoter (P2). We have previously reported that QseA acts on P1 and not P2. To identify the minimal region of LEE1 that is necessary for QseA-mediated activation, a series of nested-deletion constructs of the LEE1 promoter fused to a lacZ reporter were constructed in both the EHEC and E. coli K-12 backgrounds. In an EHEC background, QseA-dependent activation of LEE1 can be observed for the entire regulatory region (beginning at nucleotide -393 and ending at nucleotide -123). In contrast to what occurred in EHEC, in K-12 there was no QseA-dependent activation of LEE1 transcription between base pairs -393 and -343. These data indicate that a QseA-dependent EHEC-specific regulator is required for the activation of transcription in this region. We also observed QseA-dependent LEE1 activation from nucleotides -218 to -123 in K-12, similar to results of the nested-deletion analysis performed with EHEC. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays established that QseA directly binds to the region of LEE1 from bp -173 to -42 and not to the region from bp -393 to -343. These studies suggest that QseA activates the transcription of LEE1 by directly binding upstream of its P1 promoter region.
Pregnancy and Tuberculosis

There is no solid evidence that pregnancy has an adverse effect on tuberculosis. With early diagnosis and prompt, adequate chemotherapy, the outcome of pregnancy in a woman with tuberculosis is likely to be good. Routine therapeutic abortion is not indicated. Data in the literature do not support the notion that pregnancy is a major risk factor for the development of tuberculosis, although no well-designed studies have been conducted. Screening of pregnant patients for tuberculosis should be based on consideration of other proved risk factors not on the fact of pregnancy. Preventive therapy should be given during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy to selected patients at high risk of progressive disease developing. Treatment of disease should be instituted promptly when disease is detected. The preferred regimens are INH-EMB, INH-RIF, or INH-EMB-RIF, although other drugs may be needed if the disease is recurrent or if there is resistance to these primary drugs. Mothers taking antituberculosis drugs can nurse their infants with little risk. With proper medical management, both tuberculosis and pregnancy can be expected to reach a happy conclusion in virtually all cases.