cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D2-40 functions as an effective chondroid marker distinguishing true chondroid tumors from chordoma

Chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the central nervous system share many histological features, generating, at times, considerable diagnostic difficulty and, not infrequently, requiring immunohistochemical analysis for appropriate classification. While both chordomas and chondrosarcomas stain positively for S100, only chordomas typically express epithelial antigens like cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen. Positive or negative staining with these latter two markers currently represents the only immunohistochemical technique that effectively distinguishes chordomas from chondrosarcomas. A marker that is reliably positive in chondrosarcomas and negative in chordomas has, to date, not been reported. D2-40 is a monoclonal antibody initially developed against M2A, a fetal testis-related antigen now known as podoplanin (aggrus), which has been found to stain a diverse collection of both benign and malignant tissues. In this study, we systematically investigated D2-40 immunoreactivity in a series of 22 chordomas, 20 chondrosarcomas, and 12 enchondromas, in conjunction with cytokeratin and S100 immunostaining. We found that D2-40 robustly and reliably immunostains low-grade chondroid neoplasms (100% of enchondromas and 94% of grades I and II chondrosarcomas), but not chordomas. By contrast, we observed generally strong and diffuse cytokeratin positivity in all cases of chordoma, but not in cases of enchondroma or low-grade chondrosarcoma. Thus, we show that D2-40 behaves as a chondroid marker differentiating true chondroid neoplasms from chordoma. We also demonstrate D2-40 immunoreactivity in two cases of chordoid meningioma and, in doing so, tentatively provide a means to distinguish this tumor from chordoma.
Ionizable interpenetrating polymer networks of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylic acid: Evaluation of water uptake

A semi interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA) has been prepared and its water-sorption capacity has been evaluated as a function of chemical architecture of the IPN, pH, and temperature of the swelling medium. The water uptake potential of the IPNs has also been investigated in inorganic salt containing aqueous solutions and simulated biological fluids. The IPN was characterized by IR spectral analysis, and the network parameters such as average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), crosslink density (q), and number of elastically effective chains (Ve) have been evaluated by water-sorption measurements. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2054–2065, 2004
Adding pattern related information in structural and behavioral diagrams

Abstract Design patterns capture the distilled experience of expert designers. The compositions of design patterns may reuse design experience and solve a set of problems. Design patterns and their compositions are usually modeled using unified modeling language (UML). When a design pattern is applied or composed with other patterns, the pattern-related information may be lost because UML does not track this information. Thus, it is hard for a designer to identify a design pattern when it is applied or composed. The benefits of design patterns are compromised because the designers cannot communicate with each other in terms of the design patterns they use when the design patterns are applied or composed. In this paper, we present notations to explicitly represent the structural and behavioral aspects of each pattern in the applications and compositions of design patterns. The notations allow us to maintain pattern-related information in class and collaboration diagrams. Thus, a design pattern is identifiable and traceable from its application and composition with others in these diagrams. A case study is used to illustrate our approach.
Residual effects of slit tillage and subsoiling in a hardpan soil

Subsoiling and slit tillage can increase root growth through subsurface hardpans. In-row subsoiling fractures a section of the pan below the row. Slit tillage cuts a 3-mm-wide slit through the pan with a thin blade mounted on a shallow subsoil shank. Subsoiling is usually repeated annually. Slit tillage has been reported as an alternative to subsoiling that does not need to be repeated annually. This study was conducted to determine the longevity of the effects of tillage on a fine loamy Acrisol at Florence, South Carolina, USA. Corn (Zea mays) root growth, yield, and soil cone index were measured for 3 years in plots that had been slit tilled, in-row subsoiled, or no-tilled for 4 years immediately prior to the study. During the study, no plots were tilled. Three-year average corn yields were 5.08 Mg ha−1 for residual slit-tilled treatments, 5.34 Mg ha−1 for residual subsoiled treatments, and 5.07 Mg ha−1 for the no-tilled treatments. Three-year mean profile cone indices were 2.53 MPa for residual slittilled treatments, 2.51 MPa for residual subsoiled treatments and 2.61 MPa for no-tilled treatments. Only 10% of the slits could be found 3 years after tillage. The lack of persistence of the slits was a result of either slit infilling with sand from the Ap horizon or collapse of the slit walls. Roots grew to a depth of at least 0.95 m in all treatments. Root growth was not correlated with yield. In this soil, residual subsoiled treatments gave higher yields than no-tillage treatments, but residual slit tillage did not. If deep tillage is not performed annually, subsoiling would be better than not tilling, but slit tillage would not.
Time evolution and delocalization of excitation in models of a harmonic oscillator chain with an impurity mass

Abstract It has been recently shown that models of a classical nearest-neighbor coupled harmonic oscillator chain with an impurity mass can be studied with the method of recurrence relations. One important advantage of this approach is that one can follow delocalization of the excitation of an impurity mass in the original lattice space. Irreversibility in such a system arises naturally in the thermodynamic limit. We have further studied the time evolution in a diatomic chain with an impurity mass. Included in this study is the role of the acoustic and optical branches of the phonon spectrum in the time evolution of the excitation of an impurity mass, as well as other forms of coupling, e.g., next nearest-neighbors.
Space filling tiling by random packing of discs

Abstract We study here a space filling tiling generated by random non-overlapping packing of discs. To place the n th disc we randomly choose a point in the empty pore space of the n −1 discs and place a disc with the centre at this point and touching the nearest disc. We measure the fractal dimension of the pore space left in the asymptotic limit for these space filling patterns.
Media markets and candidate awareness in house elections, 1978–1990

This article presents a detailed examination of the mass media's influence on candidate visibility and candidate awareness in House elections, using media markets as the vehicle for analysis. Simple comparisons reveal striking media market effects on both visibility and awareness: Voters are much more likely to report contact with the candidates in “media market districts"—House districts where there is a close fit between the local television market and the district's boundaries. Candidate recognition figures are also markedly higher in the media market setting. These findings indicate that the mass media have the potential to strongly influence competition in House races: Challengers are able to use the media advantages in media market districts to overcome the exposure gap associated with the incumbency advantage. Closer inspection reveals that these effects hold true even after controlling for other factors, most notably the spending activities of the candidates. These results suggest a substantial me...
Establishing through-bond connectivity in solids with NMR: Structure and dynamics in HC60+

We present a novel nuclear magnetic resonance experiment for establishing through-bond connectivity in solids using scalar coupling-driven correlation. This method, a variant of the popular double-quantum-filtered correlation spectroscopy experiment in liquids, is robust under fast magic-angle-spinning conditions and in the presence of dynamics. In HC(60)(+), where anisotropic molecular motion renders through-space dipolar-driven correlation ineffective, this through-bond correlation method answers a significant structural question by accurately identifying the direct bond between the protonated sp(3) hybridized carbon site and the sp(2) hybridized cationic site.
MRI study on volume effects of coronary emboli on myocardial function, perfusion and viability

Abstract Background Coronary filtration devices showed inadequate protection during PCI due to the inability to filter microemboli Methods Under X-ray guidance, pigs (n=18) received two different volumes (16mm 3 or 32mm 3 ) of 40–120μm microemboli (intracoronary). At 3days, regional myocardial perfusion and LV function were assessed using first pass perfusion and cine MRI. Viability MRI was performed in beating and non-beating hearts to delineate microinfarcts and compare with histochemical triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain, using semi-automatic threshold method. Histology and cardiac injury enzymes were used to confirm the presence of microinfarcts and characterize cellular and vascular changes. Results Microinfarcts were visible as enhanced specks on DE-MRI in all animals that received 32mm 3 , but only two-third of the animals that received 16mm 3 , volume. The decline in ejection fraction and increase in LV volumes and microinfarcts were volume dependent. Regional perfusion and contractility were significantly reduced in the LAD territory compared with remote myocardium. Histology showed apoptosis, edema, inflammation and vascular thrombosis. Conclusions Microemboli of
Coping With Limitations Rather Than Preaching Damnation: Comments on Donaldson's Account of "Contradictions Between Theories and Management Education"

Presents author's comments on the argument on account of contradictions between theories and management education, posed by Lex Donaldson, a university professor. Discussion of the essence of Donal...
Static and dynamic responses of slowly adapting joint receptors

Summary (1) A systems analysis approach was used to study slowly adapting knee joint receptors. Transfer functions were obtained from the receptor response to sinusoidal inputs of knee joint angle over a range of frequencies from 0.01 to 7 Hz. (2) The Bode plots obtained in the dynamic studies revealed a high pass filter characteristic with a magnitude slope on the order of 5 dB/decade and a phase lead on the order of 22.5°. The gain of the transfer function was found to be influenced by both the input angle excursion and the static bias angle. (3) The static angle sensitivity curves of the receptors were found to be ‘bell shaped’ in some cases and to increase or decrease monotonically with joint angle in other cases. (4) The static sensitivity curve produced by a series of positive increments of joint angle was not the same as the static sensitivity curve produced by a series of negative increments of joint angle. Tentatively this finding is attributed to a non-Newtonian viscoelastic effect and is felt to limit the information available from a single, peripheral receptor.
Mössbauer study of FeCl2·6H2O and its decomposition product

Abstract The Mossbauer spectra of FeCl2·6H2O and its decomposition products are presented and the relation between the isomer shift and quadrupole splitting in ferrous chloride hydrates is discussed. The measured Mossbauer parameters of FeCl2·6H2O agree well with observations in solidified solutions of ferrous chloride between −52 and −45°C. The abrupt changes of the Mossbauer spectra at different temperature values are explained on the basis of the decomposition of ferrous chloride hydrates.
Release of Ca2+ from Intracellular Stores and Entry of Extracellular Ca2+ Are Involved in Sea Squirt Sperm Activation

Abstract A rise in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is required to activate sperm of all organisms studied. Such elevation of [Ca2+]i can occur either by influx of extracellular Ca2+ or by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. We have examined these sources of Ca2+ in sperm from the sea squirt Ascidia ceratodes using mitochondrial translocation to evaluate activation and the Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2 to monitor [Ca2+]i by bulk spectrofluorometry. Sperm activation artificially evoked by incubation in high-pH seawater was inhibited by reducing seawater [Ca2+], as well as by the presence of high [K+]o or the Ca channel blockers pimozide, penfluridol, or Ni2+, but not nifedipine or Co2+. The accompanying rise in [Ca2+]i was also blocked by pimozide or penfluridol. These results indicate that activation produced by alkaline incubation involves opening of plasmalemmal voltage-dependent Ca channels and Ca2+ entry to initiate mitochondrial translocation. Incubation in thimerosal or thapsigargin, but not ryanodine (even if combined with caffeine pretreatment), evoked sperm activation. Activation by thimerosal was insensitive to reduced external calcium and to Ca channel blockers. Sperm [Ca2+]i increased upon incubation in high-pH or thimerosal-containing seawater, but only the high-pH-dependent elevation in [Ca2+]i could be inhibited by pimozide or penfluridol. Treatment with the protonophore CCCP indicated that only a small percentage of sperm could release enough Ca2+ from mitochondria to cause activation. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) delivered by liposomes or by permeabilization increased sperm activation. Both of these effects were blocked by heparin. We conclude that high external pH induces intracellular alkalization that directly or indirectly activates plasma membrane voltage-dependent Ca channels allowing entry of external Ca2+ and that thimerosal stimulates release of Ca2+ from IP3-sensitive intracellular stores.
Three-Dimensional Imaging for Breast Augmentation: Is This Technology Providing Accurate Simulations?

Background: For patients considering breast augmentation, 3-dimensional (3D) imaging provides a preoperative simulation of the postoperative result. However, the clinical accuracy of these simulations has not been assessed. Objective: The authors compared preoperative simulations with postoperative results of breast augmentation to permit more informed decisions about breast augmentation. Methods: To determine differences between simulations and actual results, volumetric and contour analyses were performed for patients who underwent 3D imaging both preoperatively and 3 months after breast augmentation. All patients received round smooth silicone implants or anatomically shaped cohesive silicone gel implants; the mean volume was 295 cc. Results: Twenty patients (40 breasts) underwent 3D imaging both pre- and postoperatively. There were no procedural complications or revisions. The mean difference between preoperative simulation and postoperative breast volume was 27.2 cc (range, 1.4-99.5 cc), representing a 9.2% mean difference in volume and an accuracy of 90.8%. The mean absolute difference (root mean square) of all surface points along the breast in aggregate was 4.0 mm (range, 1.8-8.3 mm). No specific location along the surface contour of the breast could be identified as having the greatest differences. Conclusions: The preoperative simulation provided by 3D imaging is >90% accurate in predicting postoperative breast volume. The mean absolute differential for surface contour in this study was 4 mm, representing 98.4% accuracy based on average surface area. Level of Evidence: 3 ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Biotransport: Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer

There is an important need for comprehensive courses related to Biotransport to be offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels in US Universities. These courses must emphasize both theory and applications. At present, although there are many different descriptions of courses related to biotransport that are available in catalogues of various departments, it is clear that a systematic approach is needed to develop a formally comprehensive set of guidelines and course material descriptions in this that will be useful for the student body at large. As a part of this discussion, a comprehensive model course description is displayed in the following.© 2011 ASME
Towards a smart replacement strategy of power cables based on the depolarization principle

In spite of having excellent short-term dielectric properties, polymeric insulated cables are subjected to serious degradation problems due to defects, water treeing, partial discharges, etc… Canada more than 20% of the installed power cables are older than their designed life-time. Therefore, utilities are challenged to make the right decisions in repairing, refurbishing or completely replacing older cables. The best option for utilities is to apply a so called “smart replacement strategy of power cables”, i.e. only replacing cables that could adversely affect the reliability of a network in the near future. This will be the best approach to cut operation costs as well as increase the reliability of a power system. The implementation of such a strategy can only be accomplished if and when the utilities have access to reliable and non-destructive diagnostic tools that can be applied on-site. At the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), an on-site testing technique for estimating the degree of degradation of power cables based on the polarization/depolarization current principle has been developed using a nearly noiseless high voltage solid state switch with a few ns rise time. The high frequency (HF) components of the depolarization current (I DEP ) can be measured and the area under the HF component of the I DEP curve, Q Dep , can be linked to the intensity of water treeing in cable insulations. This was observed from a series of tests on flat samples and miniature cables aged in a wet environment, and from measuring specimens removed from failed cables. Using Q Dep as Diagnostic Indicator, the tested cables were divided into three categories: Good Condition, Fair Condition and Poor Condition. In 2011 this technique was applied to a large number of cables in the local utility network. The results of these tests will be described in this paper. It will be shown that the age was not the determining factor of the cable condition. Also, it will be clarified that only −1 kV dc is sufficient to assess the condition of cables, therefore, testing with −3 kV will not change the condition determined with 1 k kV.
Loss of function germline mutations in RAD51D in women with ovarian carcinoma

Abstract Objective RAD51D , a gene in the Fanconi Anemia–BRCA homologous recombination pathway, has recently been shown to harbor germline mutations responsible for ovarian carcinoma in multiply affected families. We aimed to extend these results to ovarian carcinoma in the general population. Methods We sequenced RAD51D in germline DNA from 360 individuals with primary ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube carcinoma who were not selected for age of cancer onset or family history. We also sequenced RAD51D in 459 probands from 226 high risk breast cancer families who were wild type for 21 breast and ovarian cancer genes. Results Of 360 cases, three (0.8%) carried loss-of-function mutations in RAD51D . All three subjects had ovarian carcinoma; one was also diagnosed with a synchronous endometrial carcinoma. Only one of the three subjects had a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Combined with previous data for this series, 23.9% of women with unselected ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal carcinoma carried a germline loss-of-function mutation in any of 13 tumor suppressor genes. Among the 449 women and 10 men with familial breast cancer, none carried a loss of function mutation in RAD51D . Conclusions These data support the previous observation that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51D predispose to ovarian carcinoma but not to breast carcinoma. We conclude that inherited ovarian cancer is highly heterogeneous genetically, and that approximately one in four ovarian carcinoma patients carry a germline mutation in a known tumor suppressor gene that confers high risk.
Free-carrier absorption in quantizing magnetic fields

The theory of free-carrier absorption in nondegenerate semiconductors is extended to take into account quantizing magnetic fields. In the presence of a magnetic field, the behavior of the free-carrier absorption depends not only upon the magnitude of the magnetic field but also upon the polarization of the electromagnetic field relative to the magnetic field direction. For electromagnetic radiation polarized transverse to the magnetic field, the phenomenon of free-carrier absorption merges into that of cyclotron resonance, which has been extensively reported in the literature. However, when the radiation is polarized parallel to the magnetic field, the absorption depends critically on the mechanisms by which the carriers are scattered in the semiconductor. When acoustic phonon scattering is dominant, we find that the free-carrier absorption is an oscillatory function of the magnetic field which increases in magnitude with the magnetic field. The oscillations only occur when the photon frequency $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is greater than the cyclotron frequency of the carriers. When $\ensuremath{\Omega}l{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}$ the free-carrier absorption is predicted to increase linearly with the magnetic field. The magnetic-field dependence of the free-carrier absorption is explained in terms of phonon-assisted transitions between the various Landau levels of the carriers.
The contact angle of water on ice

Abstract When a rapidly freezing, water-ice interface approaches a water-air interface at a low angle, the water shirnks away from the advancing intersection line. This effect seems to indicate that γ IA γ IW + γ WA . The apparent intersection angle decreases with decreasing freezing rate, -a fact which is explained qualitatively by an increase of the slope of the water-ice interface adjacent to the contact line with decreasing freezing rate, caused by experimental conditions. A minimum value for the receding contact angle of water on ice is 12 ± 1° at slightly below 0°C., at a receding rate of about 1 cm./sec. on a somewhat rough surface. The possible error from the fact that the water-ice interface can not be observed directly is less than three degrees.
Carbon segregation to single crystal surfaces of Pt, Pd and Co

Abstract Results are reported on the surface segregation behaviour of carbon from dilute solid solutions in Pt, Pd and Co. With Pt(100) no preferential surface segregation was observed; this is similar to previous results for Pt(111). For Pd(lOO), Pd(111) and Co(0001) segregation was observed with evidence for a surface phase transition of the type previously reported for Ni(111). These observations suggest that the strong carbon-carbon interactions within a graphite monolayer are of more importance in producing the transition than a good epitaxial fit to the substrate. A comparison of the kinetics of carbon segregation to Co(0001) with those predicted by a simple diffusion model suggest that surface processes such as nucleation or lateral diffusion may play important roles.
Endovascular therapy of extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysms: case series and literature review

Background Experience with endovascular therapy of extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (ECAP) has been growing, and various results suggest it as a suitable treatment option. We present a consecutive case series of patients with ECAPs treated with endovascular therapy, and a pertinent literature review. Methods A prospectively maintained database of neuroendovascular procedures was retrospectively reviewed for cases of ECAP treated between January 2007 and December 2012. The primary outcome of interest was incidence of periprocedural (within 30 days) neurologic and cardiopulmonary complications. PubMed was searched for relevant endovascular studies from 2000 to 2012 for the review. Results In our series, 12 patients with 14 ECAPs received stents, with or without coils. No perioperative neurologic or cardiopulmonary complications occurred. Median duration of clinical follow-up was 6.25 months (range 0–50 months), and median duration of imaging follow-up was 6.25 months (range 0–50 months), with eight patients asymptomatic and three showing improved symptoms (one patient with two lesions was lost to follow-up). Literature review revealed an overall primary outcome of 8.6% and no procedure related deaths. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of ECAP is safe and effective at improving symptoms. There were no perioperative or permanent neurologic sequelae in the 11 patients with follow-up, and all symptomatology related to ECAP improved or resolved with treatment.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism after Laser Therapy to the Larynx

Submitted for publication May 14, 2013 Accepted for publication June 26, 2013 From 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 2Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, 3Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and 4Department of Radiology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York. Address correspondence to Dr. John P. Bilezikian, Department of Medicine, PH 8W-864, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: jpb2@columbia.edu Published as a Rapid Electronic Article in Press at http://www.endocrine practice.org on September 6, 2013. DOI:10.4158/EP13214.CO To purchase reprints of this article, please visit: www.aace.com/reprints. Copyright © 2013 AACE. Abbreviations: PTH = parathyroid hormone
Toward Secure and Resilient Interdependent Infrastructures

A new megainfrastructure is emerging from the convergence of energy ~including the electric grid, water, oil and gas pipelines!, telecommunications, transportation, Internet and electronic commerce. Furthermore, in the electric power industry and other critical infrastructures, new ways are being sought to improve network efficiency and eliminate congestion problems without seriously diminishing reliability and security. Maintaining reliability, security, and robustness of critical national and international infrastructures is becoming increasingly challenging and a comprehensive strategy is needed to prepare for the diverse threats posed by the evolving spectrum of destabilizers. Such a strategy should both increase protection of vital industry assets and ensure the public that they are well protected. All the infrastructure industries in the United States, and to a significant extent in many other nations, have multiple ownership and management and they operate with only a minimum of regulation by the national government. The international infrastructure is operated by a combination of national governments, national corporate entities, and increasingly by multinational corporations. Only treaties whose enforcement depends heavily on the goodwill and cooperation of all parties, regulate the behavior of these heterogeneous organizations. There is also the effect of deregulation and economic factors and the impact of policies and human performance. As recent events in the United States, specifically California, have shown the network is becoming increasingly stressed. Whether the capacity or safety margin will exist to support anticipated demand is in question. The complex systems used to relieve bottlenecks and clear disturbances during periods of peak demand are at great risk of serious disruption, creating a critical need for technological improvements. Thus these infrastructures are increasingly vulnerable to failures cascading through and between them. A key concern is the avoidance of widespread network failure due to cascading and interactive effects. Management of disturbances in all infrastructures, along with prevention of cascading effects throughout and between networks, requires a basic understanding of true system dynamics, as well as effective distributed control so that to halt cascading effects proactively, or at least after a disturbance, enable parts of the networks to remain operational and even automatically reconfigure themselves. Given economic, societal, quality-of-life issues, and the everincreasing interactions among infrastructures, science and technology has a major role to play and create innovative solutions. Although the immediate and critical goal is to avoid widespread network failure, the longer-term vision is to enable adaptive and
The wild and the cultivated: Wine in euripides' Bacchae

Abstract Like other classical cults, the religion of Dionysus was assimilative, incorporating pre-Hellenic elements into the traditions of the Indo-European migrants to the Greek lands. The viticultural aspects of the god must have originated with the cultivation of the vine, and as the religion spread to the Aegean from its eastern homeland, it assimilated deities and shamanic rites that involved magical plants in use before the advent of wine. In the final incorporation of the god into Greek religion, Dionysus became a son of Zeus and assimilated the migrants' own traditions of Asiatic shamanism. As a god who had now been born into the Olympian age, his gift of viticulture, like Demeter's cultivation of the grain, was indicative of the evolution toward superior Hellenic civilization and of the successful hybridization of cultivated plants from what were supposed to have been their wild forms in more primitive times. Primitivism, which was associated with the dead, was thought, however, to pose an atavistic threat to civilization if it were not accorded an honored role in the final Olympian settlement, and in terms of the Dionysian religion, the pre-viticultural aspects of the god were part of his total identity and had to be balanced in maenadic rites against other enactments that centered upon the god in his Olympian evolution. In the Bacchae , Euripides told the story of the god's advent from Asia Minor, where he has discovered the vine plant, to Thebes, the pre-viticultural kingdom where the first of his two births had taken place. Pentheus and the Theban women discount the claim of his Olympian birth and reject his gift of the newly discovered wine. Pentheus represents the primitive identity of the god and is presented in the play as having a temper that is the antithesis to the calming and pain-relieving effects of the cultivated intoxicant. Appropriately in his kingdom, only the wild identity of the god can function. By a reenactment of the two births, this primitive enemy of the god is consecrated for his role as sacrificial surrogate, whose violent death will vindicate the Olympian identity of Dionysus. Since Thebes has refused the assimilative evolution, the maenadic revel there is not a function of the god's totality, and atavistic forces undo the civilization that Cadmus had founded when he planted the first crop at Thebes and the whole kingdom, at the end of the play, reverts to primitivism. Such a reversion is the theme in other tragedies about Thebes, and traditionally the rejected pollution of that city is transmuted into a source of chthonic fertility for Athens, a city, unlike its neighbor, that has struck an eternal accord with its own primitive origins and has welcomed the god, as is obvious in its festivals of drama, where Dionysus functions in his higher aspect as a founder of culture.
The intermolecular bending vibrations of the hydrogen cyanide dimer

Abstract The ν1+ν91 combination band of the hydrogen cyanide dimer has been observed under sub-Doppler resolution conditions. This mode corresponds to the simultaneous excitation of one quantum in both the “free” CH stretch and the ν91 bending mode of the dimer. When combined with previous work on the ν1 fundamental and ν1+ν91-ν91 hot bands of the dimer, the bending frequency can be determined in both the ground (40.7511 cm−1) and excited (40.5520 cm−1) intramolecular vibrational states.
Measurement of Cerebral Glucose Utilization Using Washout After Carotid Injection in the Rat

The carotid injection technique, used previously to quantitate the kinetics of blood-brain barrier transport of metabolic substrates, may be modified to analyze the rate of cerebral glucose utilization. A 0.2-ml solution of [14C]glucose (GF) and [3H]methylglucose (M), an internal reference, is rapidly injected into the carotid artery, followed by microwave fixation of brain at various times up to 4 min after injection. The brain radioactivity is separated into a fraction containing neutral hexoses (GF and M) and a fraction containing metabolites of glucose. The GF/M ratio is related to the rate constant (k3) of brain glucose utilization by the simple, linear equation: 1n(GF/M) = ln(GF0/0)--k3t, where GF0/M0 = the brain uptake index of glucose, relative to methylglucose, at 5--15 s after injection, and t = the time after carotid injection, e.g., 1--4 min. It is assumed that (a) the rate of influx due to recirculation of label is minimal during the 4-min circulation period; and (b) the rate constants of glucose efflux (k2) and methylglucose efflux (k2*) are identical. Independent estimates of k2 and k2* showed these parameters to be identical: k2 = 0.14 +/- 0.08 min-1; k2* = 0.14 +/- 0.02 min-1. A logarithmic plot of GF/M ratios versus time was linear (r = 0.99), and was described by the slope k3 = 0.21 +/- 0.02 min-1. Assuming glucose is uniformly distributed in brain, then the glycolytic rate = k3 x brain glucose = (0.21 min-1) (2.6 mumol g-1) = 0.55 mumol min-1 g-1 for the cortex of the barbiturate-anesthetized rat. These studies provide the basis for a simple method of measurement of regional brain glycolysis that does not require either the use of correction factors, e.g., the lumped constant, or the use of differentially labeled glucose.
Association of a transmembrane polymorphism of Fcγ receptor IIb (FCGR2B) with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwanese patients

Objective To investigate the possible association of the Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) Ile/Thr187 transmembrane domain polymorphism, which significantly affects receptor signaling, with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwanese patients. Methods We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization−time-of-flight mass spectrometry to genotype 351 Taiwanese SLE patients and 372 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals from the same geographic area. Allele frequencies and genotype distributions were compared between the patients and controls, both as an aggregate and as stratified by sex, autoantibody profile, and clinical parameters. A combined analysis was conducted to assess the FCGR2B Thr187 allele as a common risk factor in different ethnic populations. Results The minor Thr187 allele was significantly associated with SLE in Taiwanese subjects (P = 0.017, odds ratio [OR] 1.989 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.119–3.553]). Interestingly, male SLE patients showed enrichment of the Thr/Thr187 genotype (24%; 7 of 29) as compared with female SLE patients (10%; 32 of 322) (P = 0.043, OR 2.884 [95% CI 1.028–7.839]). Additionally, SLE patients with Thr/Thr187 and Ile/Thr187 genotypes were more likely to have pleural effusions (P = 0.038, OR 1.874 [95% CI 1.033–3.411]) and anti-SSA/Ro antibody production (P = 0.046, OR 2.221 [95% CI 1.013–4.897]). Combined analysis of 4 groups of Asian patients strongly supported the association of the FCGR2B Thr187 allele with the lupus phenotype (P = 0.000159). Conclusion The FcγRIIb transmembrane polymorphism is a strong disease susceptibility candidate in epistasis with other genetic effects in Taiwanese and other Asian populations. It may also play a more prominent role in male patients with SLE.
Spanish‐English Cognates of High Frequency

Author's Summary— Within Spanish and English vocabularies composed of the first 3000 words of the Buchanan and Thorndike frequency lists, over 1000 words in each language are related through their common Latin origin. The list of cognates is presented with suggestions for its use in teaching and research.)
Amyloid β-peptide and oxidative cellular injury in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects primarily learning and memory functions. There is significant neuronal loss and impairment of metabolic functioning in the temporal lobe, an area believed to be crucial for learning and memory tasks. Aggregated deposits of amyloid β-peptide may have a causative role in the development and progression of AD. We review the cellular actions of Aβ and how they can contribute to the cytotoxicity observed in AD. Aβ causes plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, impairment of ionmotive ATPases, glutamate uptake, uncoupling of a G-protein linked receptor, and generation of reactive oxygen species. These effects contribute to the loss of intracellular calcium homeostasis reported in cultured neurons. Many cell types other than neurons show alterations in the Alzheimer’s brain. The effects of Aβ on these cell types is also reviewed.
In the absence of aminopeptidase ERAAP, MHC class I molecules present many unstable and highly immunogenic peptides

Immunosurveillance by cytotoxic T cells requires that cells generate a diverse spectrum of peptides for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Those peptides are generated by proteolysis, which begins in the cytoplasm and continues in the endoplasmic reticulum by the unique aminopeptidase ERAAP. The overall extent to which trimming by ERAAP modifies the peptide pool and the immunological consequences of ERAAP deficiency are unknown. Here we show that the peptide-MHC repertoire of ERAAP-deficient mice was missing many peptides. Furthermore, ERAAP-deficient cells presented many unstable and structurally unique peptide-MHC complexes, which elicited potent CD8+ T cell and B cell responses. Thus, ERAAP is a 'quintessential editor' of the peptide-MHC repertoire and, paradoxically, its absence enhances immunogenicity.
Formation of Thin Films of Clay−Organic Complexes with an Application as an Electrode Modifier

A thin film was formed by spreading a chloroform dispersion of a hydrophobic clay−organic complex at an air−water interface. The clay−organic complexes were prepared by reacting synthetic saponite ...
A Method for the Solution of Conduction Heat Transfer with Non‐linear Heat Generation

The equation governing the one-dimensional heat conduction with non-linear heat generation is transformed from a boundary value to an initial value problem by using a method of transformation recently presented by Na [2], [3]. The resulting equation is then integrated numerically by the Runge-Kutta method. Critical values of a parameter are found which serve as a limit for the existence of steady-state solutions.
Public sociology: South African dilemmas in a global context

Abstract Thirteen years ago I returned to South Africa at the invitation of Blade Nzimande to address what was then ASSA—: the Association of Sociologists of Southern Africa. Much had changed since my previous sojourn to South Africa in 1968. It was then 1990. Nelson Mandela had just been released from Robben Island and the ANC had been unbanned. My two teachers, Harold Wolpe and Jack Simons, both prominent intellectuals of the liberation movement, had just returned to South Africa. I, at least, had benefited from their exile but they had been sorely missed in South Africa. At Wits a talk by the mythical Harold, renown among other matters for his daring escape from jail, was advertised as: “: Harold Wolpe—: Live.”: While I was in South Africa, that July, I also witnessed the (re)launch of the South African Communist Party to a tumultuous crowd in Soweto. Notwithstanding escalating violence in the townships and civil war in Natal, the winter of 1990 was surely one of the more optimistic moments in South Af...
Biliary Complications After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation From Donors After Cardiac Death: Broad Spectrum of Disease

Abstract Background Donation-after-death liver transplantation (DCD-LT) carries higher complication rates compared with donation-after-brain death liver transplantation (DBD-LT). In this report we describe our experience with biliary complications in DCD-LT with emphasis on anatomical patterns and outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed retrospective review of patients' medical records from August 2004 to December 2008, during which time total of 26 DCD-LTs were performed. Mean follow-up was 29 months (range 3 to 51 months). Results Biliary complications occurred in 12 patients (46%), of whom 9 were related to DCD (35%). Four patients had more than 1 biliary complication, and 4 had concomitant arterial problems (stricture/thrombosis). Treatment of complications included: ERCP (n = 5, 3 resolved), conversion to roux (n = 5, 2 resolved), revision of roux (n = 1), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (n = 1), artery revision (n = 3). Three patients with casts had operative extraction of casts depicting a mummified biliary tree; histology showed casts and fibrosis and anastomotic suture material. Six patients underwent retransplantation (23%). Among retransplanted patients, 2 deaths occurred (7.7%). Conclusion Our experience with DCD-LT reveals a high prevalence of biliary complications with a new and wide spectrum of clinicopathologic findings. Better strategies for prevention of these unique biliary complications are needed to better justify the added risks and costs for performance of DCD-LT.
MOSFET surface wave detectors for high frequency signal processing

The piezoresistance effect in Si-MOSFET structures is used for the detection of Rayleigh surface waves launched on a silicon substrate. The semiconductor devices are MOSFET N and P-channel inversion layers, the channel length is along the direction of the wave propagation and many elementary detectors have been disposed along the propagation path in order to realize tapped delay lines. Theoretical and experimental results are given for the conversion efficiency, bandwidth, sensitivity and dynamic range for a single N or P channel device. Results are presented also for an array of detectors operating as a variable delay line and as a correlator for a 50 MHz bit rate waveform.
Smoking and absenteeism

Studies of the causes of absence from work tend to indicate uniformly that smokers miss more work than non-smokers. Some estimates of this increased smoker absenteeism range as high as 32%, or about 81 million additional lost days of work per year in the US alone. Unfortunately these studies, in the main, employ only a simple means difference test as a statistical basis for their deductions, and hence are incapable of determining whether smokers miss more work because they smoke or for other reasons common to smokers as a group. In this study, we posit a native model of absenteeism and employ Tobit analysis to estimate its response to various determinants using data from the 1968 PSID. We than empoly a Blinder-type decomposition technique to attempt to determine the amount of absenteeism attributable directly or indirectly to smoking behaviour of workers. Our results suggest that smokers miss no more work than non-smokers because they smoke. Rather smokers tend to be younger, heavier drinkers, blue collar...
Computing in Civil Engineering: Current Trends and Future Directions

This paper describes a study to investigate the need for, the usage of, and the teaching of computing technologies to civil engineering students. The investigation first comprised a survey of the c...
PARENTAL ISSUES IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INFANTILE ECZEMA

From time to time, all dermatologists treat children with seemingly intractable eczema. A group of these children in the author’s practice improved significantly or cleared completely after education of the parents had corrected dysfunctional family relationship^.^ It should be emphasized that intractable cases do not conform to this scenario. This author, however, on careful questioning, frequently has been able to elicit information supportive of this sequence of events, usually resulting in a gratifying outcome. Typically patients of this kind have had every possible appropriate dermatologic care. Oral antibiotics and antiyeast medications have been used, in addition to class I topical and sometimes oral glucocorticoids. Antipruritics have been prescribed and due attention has been paid to diet, clothing, hydration, and the elimination of dust mites. Despite all these measures, the child continues to be miserable, whining, and clinging, and he or she sleeps poorly and scratches incessantly. Often other physicians have been consulted, dozens of salves tried, and extensive testing undertaken. The mother is exhausted and frustrated; this makes her irritable and short-tempered, which does not help. Siblings, feeling shortchanged, become more demanding and cranky, adding to the mother’s burden, while the father, for whom the mother has little time and energy, frequently is displaced in the marital bed by the sleepless patient. Angry and resentful, he also is worried by the strain on family resources.
Coupled channel theory of pion-deuteron reaction applied to threshold scattering

Abstract Scattering and absorption of pions by a nuclear target are treated together in a coupled channel theory. The theory is developed explicitly for the problem of pion scattering and absorption by a deuteron. The equations are presented in terms of the integral equations of three-body scattering theory. The method is then applied in an approximate from to calculate the contribution of pion absorption to the scattering length for pion-deuteron scattering. The sensitivity of the calculated results to the model assumptions and approximations is investigated.
The implementation of two satellite programs in a microcomputer environment

This paper describes the implementation of two computer programs that predict the motion of artificial satellites. The two programs are developed in a microcomputer environment. The particular microcomputer used is an IBM AT system. The programs can predict the orbital behavior of artificial satellites under the influence of gravity harmonics up to a 21 by 21 field, luni-solar gravity, drag, and solar radiation pressure. One program uses Cowell's method and the other uses variation of parameters with a singly averaging technique. Both programs use commercially available software to post-process trajectory information and to generate graphics display. The programs reside on floppy disks and are available to the general public through NASA's Computer Software Management and Information Center (COSMIC).
Subcellular distribution of zinc and the presence of a metallothionein-like protein in bovine retina.

Abstract The mammalian retinas contain the highest concentrations of Zn in any known living tissues. Metallothionein is a low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding protein which occurs ubiquitously in nature and which has been recently identified in mammalian brains with a high affinity to bind Zn. In order to study the metabolism of Zn further, we have measured its subcellular distribution in the bovine retina and have found the distribution to be nonuniform, with the outer rod segments and the pellet 1 fraction, known to be highly enriched in photoreceptor cell synaptosomes, containing the highest amounts of 0.230 ± 0.040 and 0.119 ± 0.04 μ Zn/mg protein, respectively. In addition, the bovine retina contains a low-molecular-weight metallothionein-like protein which exhibits an elution volume ( V c / V 0 ) of 1.9 on gel permeation chromatography and which produces only one isoform on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a retention time of 16.67 min. The precise function of this metallothioneinlike protein, which may be related to the transport and compartmentation of Zn in the retina, remains to be elucidated.