cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of ionic photoacid generator (PAG) and base quencher into the resist polymer main chain for sub-50 nm resolution patterning

Previous research has shown that polymer-bound PAG resists exhibit improved lithographic performance in both 193 nm and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) applications as compared to their more traditional blended PAG analogs. The further incorporation of base directly into the resist polymer backbone is a potential route for improving the resist performance and processing window. In this work, a new series of chemically amplified resists (CARs) that incorporate both PAG and base quencher functional groups into the polymer main chain are reported. The lithographic performance of these materials was investigated using electron-beam lithography (EBL). The polymer-bound PAG cation resist showed higher photospeed than the polymer-bound PAG anion resists. Base quencher incorporation slightly decreased the photospeed but improved the resolution in the case of resists with the polymer-bound PAG cation and pyridine base. Base quencher incorporation showed no improvement on the lithographic performance of polymer-bound PAG anion resists.
Thermocapillary Motion of Bubbles and Drops

Recent experimental and theoretical results from research on the motion of bubbles and drops subjected to a temperature gradient are presented and discussed. Interesting features unique to this problem are identified.
TWO REMARKS ON SUBVARIETIES OF MODULI SPACES

We study two natural questions about subvarieties of moduli spaces. In the first section, we study the locus of curves equipped with F-nilpotent bundles and its relationship to the p-rank zero locus of the moduli space of curves of genus g. In the second section, we study subvarieties of moduli spaces of vector bundles on curves. We prove an analogue of a result of F. Oort about proper subvarieties of moduli of abelian varieties.
Critical role of AT1 receptor expression after ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat hearts: beneficial effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed at AT1 receptor mRNA.

Abstract—To examine the relevance of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression in the determination of myocardial function after ischemia/reperfusion, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intravenously with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) directed at AT1R mRNA (100 μg/rat, n=9) or scrambled antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (Scr-ODNs, 100 μg/rat, n=6). Both AS-ODNs and Scr-ODNs were given along with 300 μg/rat of liposome DOTAP/DOPE, a positive electron carrier (wt:wt=1:1). The hearts from AS-ODN– or Scr-ODN–treated rats were excised 24 hours later, perfused in vitro, and subjected to 25 minutes of global ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Parallel groups of rats were given the specific AT1R antagonist losartan (10 mg/kg IV, n=6) or saline (n=7) 4 to 6 hours before excising the hearts. Ischemia/reperfusion resulted in a significant increase in myocardial AT1R expression (autoradiography and binding assay) and myocardial dysfunction, indicated by increases in coronary perfusion pres...
Blood contamination and dentin bonding--effect of anticoagulant in laboratory studies.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the influence of heparinized blood vs. native blood on the marginal adaptation of dentin bonded composite resin restorations. Methods: Cylindrical dentin cavities were prepared in 40 extracted human incisors. After acid-etching four groups ( n =10) were contaminated with either fresh capillary blood (FCB), heparinized venous blood (HPB), saline (SAL) or heparinized saline (HPS) and bonded and filled with Scotchbond 1/Z 100. After water storage for 21 days and thermocycling (2000×, 5–55°C), replicas were produced for evaluation of marginal adaptation by means of quantitative marginal analysis in the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis-test and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons at p Results: There were no differences between groups SAL, HPS and HPB. Contamination with fresh capillary blood resulted in significantly higher amounts of marginal openings compared to all other groups. Significance: Freshly drawn blood has to be used for blood contamination experiments in laboratory studies.
Fluorescence spectra from cancerous and normal human breast and lung tissues

The fluorescence spectra have been measured from native chromophores in malignant and normal human breast and lung tissues. The spectra profiles were found to be different in both species. In addition, one normal breast tissue exhibited Raman spectra.
Sequential Processing for Organic Photovoltaics: Design Rules for Morphology Control by Tailored Semi-Orthogonal Solvent Blends

© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Design rules are presented for significantly expanding sequential processing (SqP) into previously inaccessible polymer:fullerene systems by tailoring binary solvent blends for fullerene deposition. Starting with a base solvent that has high fullerene solubility, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), ellipsometry-based swelling experiments are used to investigate different co-solvents for the fullerene-casting solution. By tuning the Flory-Huggins χ parameter of the 2-CP/co-solvent blend, it is possible to optimally swell the polymer of interest for fullerene interdiffusion without dissolution of the polymer underlayer. In this way solar cell power conversion efficiencies are obtained for the PTB7 (poly[(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl)]) and PC61BM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) materials combination that match those of blend-cast films. Both semicrystalline (e.g., P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)) and entirely amorphous (e.g., PSDTTT (poly[(4,8-di(2-butyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2,5-bis(4,4'-bis(2-octyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2'3'-d]silole-2,6-diyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole)]) conjugated polymers can be processed into highly efficient photovoltaic devices using the solvent-blend SqP design rules. Grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray diffraction experiments confirm that proper choice of the fullerene casting co-solvent yields well-ordered interdispersed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphologies without the need for subsequent thermal annealing or the use of trace solvent additives (e.g., diiodooctane). The results open SqP to polymer/fullerene systems that are currently incompatible with traditional methods of device fabrication, and make BHJ morphology control a more tractable problem.
System Level Energy Optimization for Location Aware Computing

We present a system-level energy optimization technique for a location-aware computing system that provides relevant information about the user's current location. The system is initialized with a map (in the form of a graph) as well as audio files associated with several locations in the map. The system consists of: GPS receiver module, serial port, compact flash module, stereo codec, power manager module implementing three sub modules namely, GPS-to-real-world position conversion module (implements algorithm to convert GPS co-ordinates to graph nodes), nearest-location-search module (implements modified Dijkstra's algorithm), user speed estimation module. The power manager implements an algorithm that works as follows: at any given location, the algorithm predicts the user speed by exponential average approach. The attenuation factor of this approach can be varied to account for the user speed history. The estimated speed is used to predict the time (say T) required to reach the next nearest location determined by nearest-location-search module implementing modified Dijkstra's algorithm. The subsystems are shutdown or switched to low-power mode for time T. After time T, the system wakes up and re-executes the algorithm. Based on a system-level model (VHDL and C), compared to simple time-out and constant update policies, the proposed algorithm results in energy savings in the range 55-99%. Work is ongoing to implement the entire system as a single chip solution
Sr Isotopic Age Analysis of Co-Occurring Miocene Phosphate Grain Types on the North Carolina Continental Shelf

ABSTRACT Four phosphate grain types and associated foraminifera were analyzed for their 87Sr/86Sr ratios to test the hypothesis that different authigenic grain types have specific times and processes of formation in response to changing conditions during one sea-level transgression. The samples were collected from one phosphate-rich depositional sequence (FPS-1) of the Miocene Pungo River Formation in Onslow Bay, North Carolina continental shelf. The hand-picked grains were from three cores representing upsection changes from lowstand, to transgressive, and highstand systems tracts. The phosphate grain types carried significantly different strontium isotopic signatures and included the following: peloidal grains (spherical to oval, highly rounded and polished grains with inor inclusions and common coatings), intraclastic grains (irregular-shaped rip-up grains from preexisting crusts and nodules), microsphorite (laminated crusts and bored hardgrounds associated with unconformities and containing common inclusions), and skeletal grains (formed directly by organisms). Four different phosphate skeletal grains were analyzed (brachiopods, vertebrae, teeth, and bone splinters); however, the results were not significantly different and therefore they were all included as one grain type. Analyses of phosphate grain types and associated foraminifera support the interpretation that they formed in response to specific chemical and physical processes and at different times during phosphogenesis, as follows. (1) Peloids cluster tightly and have Sr isotope ages contemporaneous with the associated foraminifera. They are interpreted to represent the time of phosphogenesis and primary sedimentation during early- to mid-stage transgression. (2) Intraclasts are significantly older than other associated phosphate grain types with Sr isotope ages similar to the microsphorites. They are interpreted to have formed as microsphorite on unconformity surfaces during the lowstand, were ripped up from these surfaces during the subsequent transgression, and reworked into the overlying sedi ent sequence. (3) Skeletal grains have quite variable Sr isotope ages, but in general they are younger than the other phosphate grain types. Most skeletal grains are interpreted to be contemporaneous with the peloids and foraminifera. However, their younger ages are interpreted to be in response to secondary geochemical processes associated with (a) recrystallization from carbonate hydroxyapatite to carbonate fluorapatite and (b) subsequent precipitation of apatite in the pore spaces characteristic of porous vertebrate skeletal material. Some skeletal material is older and probably has been reworked from the underlying unconformity surfaces.
Acquisition and transmission of corn stunt spiroplasma by its leafhopper vector Dalbulus maidis

SUMMARY As the acquisition access period of Dalbulus maidis on infected maize increased from 15 min to 7 days, the incubation period of corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) in the insect decreased from 27 days to 8 days and the final proportion of transmitting insects increased from 5% to 100%. After 7 days access the median incubation period (IPsO) was 14.3 days (IP50 females = 12.9 days: IP50 males =16.8 days), while the proportion of transmitting insects increased from 4. 3% (9 days after the start of acquisition access) to a maximum of 93% (after 22 days), before decreasing. Females started transmitting significantly earlier and a greater proportion transmitted each day than males, until day 22 when both sexes transmitted equally. Of the insects which transmitted CSS, 29% did so continuously until death; 66% failed to transmit during the last 1–3 days, and 5% transmitted intermittently towards the end of their life. During daily transfer, females were more likely to infect plants consecutively (up to 25) than males, and females infected the higher proportion of test plants. As the transmission access period was increased from 1 h to 72 h, the proportion of transmitting insects increased from 22.5% to 97.3% and the incubation period in maize decreased.
Impaired function of α2-adrenergic autoreceptors on sympathetic nerves associated with mesenteric arteries and veins in DOCA-salt hypertension

The present study tested the hypothesis that there is impaired function of α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and increased transmitter release from sympathetic nerves associated with mesenteric arteries ...
Issue at Point: The Dark Side of the Mirror.

EDITOR’S NOTE: This ‘‘Issue at Point’’ is a departure from the usual style. One could say that the very nature of the presentation is itself an issue. Be that as it may, the fact remains that it is presented as is (1) because it discusses issues close to most of us, and (2) because these issues are themselves set in a context which lend an immediacy and reality that are specific to a given set of problems of which we are all aware. For these reasons, Dr. Blatt was not asked to conform to the style with which you are familiar.
Metabolic Response of Clostridium ljungdahlii to Oxygen Exposure

Clostridium ljungdahlii is an important synthesis gas-fermenting bacterium used in the biofuels industry, and a preliminary investigation showed that it has some tolerance to oxygen when cultured in rich mixotrophic medium. Batch cultures not only continue to grow and consume H2, CO, and fructose after 8% O2 exposure, but fermentation product analysis revealed an increase in ethanol concentration and decreased acetate concentration compared to non-oxygen-exposed cultures. In this study, the mechanisms for higher ethanol production and oxygen/reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification were identified using a combination of fermentation, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) differential expression, and enzyme activity analyses. The results indicate that the higher ethanol and lower acetate concentrations were due to the carboxylic acid reductase activity of a more highly expressed predicted aldehyde oxidoreductase (CLJU_c24130) and that C. ljungdahlii's primary defense upon oxygen exposure is a predicted rubrerythrin (CLJU_c39340). The metabolic responses of higher ethanol production and oxygen/ROS detoxification were found to be linked by cofactor management and substrate and energy metabolism. This study contributes new insights into the physiology and metabolism of C. ljungdahlii and provides new genetic targets to generate C. ljungdahlii strains that produce more ethanol and are more tolerant to syngas contaminants.
The Evolution of Sol-Gel Films in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

The ability to study the surface texture of a sol-gel film of lead titanate as it is heated in-situ in an environmental scanning electron microscope is demonstrated. Measurements of the shrinkage of the film at cracks and around delaminations of several microns have been made. Grain sizes of the final crystalline microstructure were determined to be ~ 0.2 µm. The formation of bumps in the film 1–5 µm in size was observed. The presence of these features may correlate with the onset of crystallization.
Stochastic Model of Spatial Spread and Control of Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

A stochastic model is developed to study the spatial spread and control of tsetse flies, Glossina spp. In this model, the movement mechanism is described by the travel direction and distance of an individual tsetse fly, birth and death rates are described by probability distributions, and some control measures are considered. The model is used to estimate the straight-line distance traveled in the life span of a fly, and the distance fly populations will spread during a 10-yr period. Simulation results indicate that the straight-line distance traveled in the life span of a tsetse fly is <1.71 km from its birth place. The spread distance for fly populations is ≈18.7 km by the end of the 10th yr based on a 99% confidence prediction limit. Strategies of preventing tsetse flies from advancing to a tsetse-free region are examined. The probabilities that a fly crosses a protective barrier (buffer zone) are obtained for different control methods. The width of a protective barrier required to prevent the tsetse flies from advancing to a tsetse-free region is estimated.
An association between neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in three kindreds

Abstract Four cases of neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism occurred in three families; familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia was present in each kindred. The diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia was based on the following features: hypercalcemia in many relatives (eight to 16 per kindred), without other features of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes; recognition of hypercalcemia before the age of 10 in one to three relatives; hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in all relatives tested (five to 14 per kindred); and abnormal serum calcium levels despite parathyroidectomy in all additional relatives (one to five per kindred) undergoing this operation. The association of two uncommon syndromes (neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia) in these kindreds suggests that the two syndromes share a common genetic cause within each kindred. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:257–64.)
Specific conductance–stage relationships in Appalachian valley fill streams

Surface coal mining impacts on water resources in the Appalachian region, USA, are widely studied. Total dissolved solids (TDS), which are estimated in situ by the proxy variable specific conductance (SC), are of interest due to potential aquatic macroinvertebrate effects. Prior studies have documented the hydrochemical impacts of surface mining on streams, but research on the relationships between SC and discharge is limited. SC–Stage relationships can help infer potential hydrologic flow paths, as well as source water TDS concentrations in mining-influenced watersheds. The objectives of this study were to compare baseflow and stormflow hydrochemistry and determine SC–Stage relationships in valley fill (VF) streams. Five VF streams of varying ages in Virginia were equipped with continuous SC and stage data loggers for up to 12 months (December 2013–November 2014). Data analyses included baseflow and stormflow hydrochemistry, and SC–Stage regressions and storm hysteresis patterns. Data were analyzed seasonally. Stages were generally highest in winter and lowest in summer, while SCs were generally highest in summer and lowest in winter. All SC–Stage regressions indicated SC dilution during stormflow, but significance differed seasonally. Storm SC–Stage hysteresis patterns varied with storm precipitation amounts, season, and vegetative period, implying climatic controls on VF stream storm responses. Counterclockwise storm hysteresis likely occurred in response to high rainfall amounts exceeding the mine soil infiltration capacity. Clockwise storm hysteresis likely resulted from precipitation dissolving salts brought to the surface by evapotranspiration, but may have also resulted from rapid flow through pseudokarst features within the VF.
A capacitorless DRAM cell on SOI substrate

We propose a capacitorless DRAM (CDRAM) cell on SOI substrate with large READ current (>100 /spl mu/Aspl mu/m), small cell size, and simple fabrication process. PISCES simulations are used to analyze the memory cell operations. The CDRAM cell size is that of a transistor, which makes it very attractive for high density memory applications. Since the fabrication process of CDRAM is compatible with that of the general purpose SOI CMOS and complementary BiCMOS process, CDRAM can also be used for integrated on-chip memory and is an interesting candidate as the technology driver of SOI VLSI. >
A Nurse Educator's Guide to Student-Led Debriefing

Abstract Many students frequently receive the role of observer during clinical patient simulations. Unfortunately, some of these students become passive observers and experience limited learning because of insufficient active engagement with the clinical simulation. Securing students' engagement, attention, and interest during the learning experience can be challenging for faculty. This article describes a new approach that focuses on guiding students to lead the debriefing process, improving both engagement and learning.
EEG in Encephalopathy and Coma

The EEG is a very important part of the evaluation of patients with acutely altered mental status. Many of these patients are referred from intensive care settings, and a routine initial step often involves obtaining a 20-min record to screen for seizures, status epilepticus, encephalopathy, or even hypersomnolence. More recently, there has been a move to prolonged monitoring with continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) also being made available in the intensive care setting with the possibility of remote reviewing of the record.
Book Review: Anti-VEGF Use in Ophthalmology

This is a review of a book entitled, “Anti-VEGF Use in Ophthalmology,” written by Jay Duker, MD and Michelle Liang, MD. It is an excellent description of the history and development of anti-VEGF agents as well as an up-to-date and thorough account of their many clinical uses in Ophthalmology.
Planning Practices of Small-Scale Retailers:

The purpose of the present study is to examine the practice of planning engaged in by small-scale retailers and to determine if the activities of planners can be distinguished from those who do not...
The Partial Linear Sequence of Garden Bean Inhibitor II and Location of the Protease Reactive Sites

We have recently reported the isolation of three isoinhibitors of trypsin from the garden bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, var. Great Northern [1]. These inhibitors closely resemble the other low molecular weight legume inhibitors from lima beans [2, 3], mung bean [4], navy and kidney beans [5, 6], and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor of soybean [7]. They have in common a low molecular weight (8000 to 10000), high contents of serine, aspartic acid, and half-cystine and the absence of tryptophan and carbohydrate.
Eros and Anteros: Queer Mutuality in The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce

In “Eros and Anteros: Queer Mutuality in The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce,” David Orvis ponders the radical erotic potential of a single allusive moment in Milton’s Doctrine. In a chapter fulminating against enforced marriage, we find an impassioned defense of the mutual love that should precede matrimony, figured through the homoerotic coupling of twin brothers Eros and Anteros. Tracking the diverse classical sources that inform Doctrine’s version of the myth, Orvis argues that Milton exploits the controversies and contradictions attached to the story of Eros and Anteros to put into discourse a hitherto ineffable mutual love. Separated from pre-existing social structures, this mutuality lends itself to queer critique of their hegemonic status.
The energetic basis for hydroxyapatite mineralization by amelogenin variants provides insights into the origin of amelogenesis imperfecta.

Small variations in the primary amino acid sequence of extracellular matrix proteins can have profound effects on the biomineralization of hard tissues. For example, a change in one amino acid within the amelogenin protein can lead to drastic changes in enamel phenotype, resulting in amelogenesis imperfecta , enamel that is defective and easily damaged. Despite the importance of these undesirable phenotypes, there is very little understanding of how single amino acid variation in amelogenins can lead to malformed enamel. Here, we aim to develop a thermodynamic understanding of how protein variants can affect steps of the biomineralization process. High-resolution, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that altering one amino acid within the murine amelogenin sequence (natural variants T21 and P41T, and experimental variant P71T) resulted in an increase in the quantity of protein adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the formation of multiple protein layers. Quantitative analysis of the equilibrium adsorbate amounts revealed that the protein variants had higher oligomer–oligomer binding energies. MMP20 enzyme degradation and HAP mineralization studies showed that the amino acid variants slowed the degradation of amelogenin by MMP20 and inhibited the growth and phase transformation of HAP. We propose that the protein variants cause malformed enamel because they bind excessively to HAP and disrupt the normal HAP growth and enzymatic degradation processes. The in situ methods applied to determine the energetics of molecular level processes are powerful tools toward understanding the mechanisms of biomineralization.
Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on Derived Thermodynamic Properties of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidizolium Chloride Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures with Ethanol

Densities of the ionic liquids [C2C1im]Cl, [C3C1im]Cl, [C4C1im]Cl, and [C6C1im]Cl and their mixtures with ethanol were determined up to 40 MPa and 398 K. Density was modeled as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition using the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state. Using the model, derived thermodynamic properties, namely isothermal compressibility, isobaric expansivity, and internal pressure, were calculated. This allowed for the estimation of the Hildebrand solubility parameters of these ionic liquids (ILs). Internal pressure was found to go through a maximum at low concentrations of ionic liquid in the case of [C3C1im]Cl, [C4C1im]Cl, and [C6C1im]Cl. These observations were interpreted in terms of a significant effect of the alkyl chain length on the interactions between the IL and the cosolvent, ethanol. It is speculated that this is in part due to possible clustering between the anion (Cl–) and ethanol.
Integrated cancer networks improve compliance with national guidelines and outcomes for resectable gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend accurate clinical staging, perioperative therapy, and complete lymphadenectomy for patients with stage II to III gastric cancer. However, national compliance remains low. It was hypothesized that integrated cancer networks might improve compliance and outcomes within the community. METHODS Patients with stage II to III gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing curative-intent resection (National Cancer Data Base, 2006-2015) were examined. Guideline compliance was defined as any perioperative adjunctive therapy, complete lymphadenectomy, complete clinical staging, and complete compliance (all measures). Univariate comparisons and multivariable regression were used to assess factors associated with compliance, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess survival. RESULTS There were 27,210 patients identified: 7235 (26.6%) underwent surgery alone, whereas 19,975 (73.4%) received additional therapy. Half (53.1%) had complete lymphadenectomies, whereas complete clinical staging was available for 65.5%. Overall compliance with all 3 measures was 30.1%. Compliance improved by approximately 20% for each measure across the 10-year study period. Although patients treated at academic programs were most likely to receive concordant care in an adjusted analysis, those treated at integrated care networks were more likely to receive guideline-concordant care (odds ratio [OR], 0.69) than those treated at comprehensive community programs (OR, 0.48) or community programs (OR, 0.45; all P values <.001). The median overall survival was 45.5 months for patients who received guideline-concordant care and 32.0 months for those who did not (P < .001, reference for all ORs: academic programs). CONCLUSIONS Compliance with guidelines was associated with improved outcomes. Although the rate of compliance with NCCN guidelines is improving, integrated care networks may be an important way of improving the quality of gastric cancer care within the community.
Algorithms and Complexity

In this chapter, we show in an intuitive manner what an algorithm is and develop a way to measure the quality of algorithms. In particular, we consider some basic aspects of graph theoretic algorithms such as, for example, the problem of how to represent a graph. Moreover, we need a way to formulate the algorithms we deal with. We shall illustrate and study these concepts quite thoroughly using two specific examples, namely Euler tours and acyclic digraphs. At the end of the chapter we consider a class of apparently very difficult problems (the so-called NP-complete problems) which plays a central role in complexity theory; we will meet this type of problem over and over again in this book.
Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fractures: Does Surgeon Subspecialty Affect Perioperative Outcomes?

OBJECTIVES To determine if surgeon subspecialty training affects perioperative outcomes for displaced femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty. DESIGN Retrospective comparative study. SETTING One health system with 2 hospitals (Level I and Level III trauma centers). PATIENT AND PARTICIPANTS Patients who were treated with hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures between October 2012 and September 2017. OUTCOME MEASURES Leg length discrepancy, femoral offset, estimated blood loss (EBL), incidence of blood transfusion, time to surgery, operative time, and length of stay. Data were analyzed based on the treating surgeon's subspecialty training [arthroplasty (A), trauma (T), other (O)]. Hierarchical regression was used to compare the groups and control for confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 292 patients who received hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures were included (A = 158; T = 73; O = 61). Surgeon subspecialty had a statistically significant effect on operative time, with arthroplasty surgeons completing the procedure 9.6 minutes faster than trauma surgeons and 17.7 minutes faster than other surgeons (P < 0.01; ΔR = 0.03). Surgeon subspecialty did not significantly affect other outcomes, including leg length discrepancy (P = 0.26), femoral offset (P = 0.37), EBL (P = 0.10), incidence of transfusion (P = 0.67), time to surgery (P = 0.10), or length of stay (P = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that arthroplasty-trained surgeons perform hemiarthroplasty slightly faster than other subspecialists, but subspecialty training does not affect other perioperative outcomes, including leg length discrepancy, femoral offset, EBL, transfusion rate, time to surgery, or length of stay. This suggests that hemiarthroplasty can be adequately performed by various subspecialists, and deferring treatment to an arthroplasty surgeon might not have a clinically significant benefit in the perioperative period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hypothermia in treatment of neonates with severe asphyxia

Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia in the treatment of neonates with severe asphyxia. Methods Twenty-two children with severe asphyxia treated in our hospital from January, 2016 to August, 2018 were selected and divided into a control group and a hypothermia group according to different treatment methods. The control group were routinely treated, and the hypothermia group were treated with hypothermia. The treatment effects were compared. Results After 24 and 72 h treatment, the heart rates were lower in the hypothermia group than in the control group (both P 0.05). After treatment, the ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, PT, and TT were significantly better in the hypothermia group than in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the survival rate was 90.91% in hypothermia group, and was 72.72% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Hypothermia for children with severe asphyxia can improve the children’s physical function and reduce their mortality, so it was worth for popularization and application. Key words: Neonatal severe asphyxia; Hypothermia treatment; Efficacy; Safety
Simulation of isoelectro focusing processes

This paper presents the computer implementation of a model for the stationary electrolysis of two or more charged species. This has specific application to the technique of isoelectric focussing, in which the stationary electrolysis of ampholytes is used to generate a pH gradient useful for the separation of proteins, peptides and other biomolecules. The fundamental equations describing the process are given. These equations are transformed to a form suitable for digital computer implementation. Some results of computer simulation are described and compared to data obtained in the laboratory.
Relationships Between Body Postures and Collaborative Learning States in an Augmented Reality Study.

In this paper we explore how Kinect body posture sensors can be used to detect group collaboration and learning, in the context of dyad pairs using augmented reality system. We leverage data collected during a study (N = 60 dyads) where participant pairs learned about electromagnetism. Using unsupervised machine learning methods on Kinect body posture sensor data, we contribute a set of dyad states associated with collaboration quality, attitudes toward physics and learning gains.
End-of-Life Care: Use of Antineoplastic Therapy and Nonessential Medications in Veteran Patients Receiving Palliative Care

Background The use of antineoplastic therapy and nonessential medications at the end of life can lead to poorer quality of life for patients, decreased satisfaction with care among caregivers, financial toxicity, increased use of the emergency department, and hospitalization. Objectives This study evaluated the incidence of antineoplastic therapy administration and use of nonessential medications at 30 and 14 days prior to death among patients with metastatic lung, prostate, colon, or pancreatic cancer who were also receiving palliative care. Methods Using retrospective chart review, this study evaluated patients admitted to a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system during a two-year period. Variables assessed included use of antineoplastic therapy and nonessential medications, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, palliative care accessibility, and hospice referrals. Findings All patients in the study (N = 57) received palliative care. Sixteen percent of patients in this study received antineoplastic therapy, 14% received nonessential medications, and 40% were hospitalized or visited the emergency department within 30 days of death.
Sensor Driven Priority Routing of Health Care Data Packet in IoT Network

While routing through the Internet of Things (IoT) network, currently healthcare data packets do not get any special priority routing treatment. As IoT network is already facing performance issues due to network congestion, packet routing with conventional QoS process does not guarantee that the patients’ health data will be properly routed to doctors on time. This leaves the remote medical treatment at risk with possible threat to patients’ lives. In this paper, we studied the current healthcare packet transmission process in IoT and its performance issues in congested IoT networks, then proposed a sensor driven solution to prioritize healthcare data routing in congested IoT networks.Our proposed system adds a healthcare data identifier in IP packet headers at the sensor level, modifies QoS software at the network router level, and prioritizes healthcare data packet routing based on the healthcare data identifier seen at router QoS. Test data using TI Launchpad prototype shows that healthcare packets with identifier can route to doctor at 80% less latency than healthcare packets without identifier. Additionally, it saves medical diagnostic cost, and more importantly, reduces the risk of losing human lives. From our analysis, further contribution includes opening up multiple avenues for further research.
The Fair Process Counter-Effect: Procedural Justice and Protests in China’s School Admissions Reform

How does procedural justice influence protest emergence? This question has been neglected as the procedural justice and social movement literatures have taken disparate approaches to explain people...
Trapping-assisted nanopore sensing of molecular biomarkers

Integrated nanopore sensors enable label-free electrical detection of single molecular biomarkers using modulations in ionic current across a nanoscale opening in a solid-state membrane. Optical trapping can dramatically increase the rate of molecular detection and, thus, significantly speed up the sensing process. This is accomplished by optical delivery of microbeads that carry molecular targets that are specifically bound to their surface. Once trapped at the nanopore location, targets are released from the carrier bead and drawn through the pore by the large electric field that is present right at the pore location. We review the principle and implementation of this approach on an optofluidic chip. We report over 1000x improvement in sensing time and the application of these devices to detection of different molecular biomarkers and for infectious disease diagnosis of clinical samples.
Composite Neuroblastoma Metastatic to a Lymph Node: The Novel Histopathologic Diagnosis of a Unique Multiclonal Neoplasm.

Objective Composite neuroblastoma is a tumor composed of multiple tumoral clones within the neuroblastoma family. To date, establishing this unique histopathologic diagnosis has required the evaluation of the primary tumor mass. We report a case of composite neuroblastoma diagnosed by evaluation of a metastatic lymph node. Methods One abdominal lymph node involved by tumor was evaluated in a 6-year-old boy. The primary abdominal mass was not examined. Following histopathologic examination, clonality studies using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were also performed. Results Two distinct tumor components were identified by histopathologic evaluation and classified as differentiating neuroblastoma (component A) and poorly differentiated neuroblastoma (component B). Based on the patient's age, each clone was further classified as Unfavorable Histology. The presence of these two different tumoral clones was confirmed by CGH and FISH. Conclusion This case affirms the histopathologic approach to evaluating composite tumors, as established by the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) model for ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular tumors. Also, when both components are metastatic, this case demonstrates that composite tumors can be diagnosed by the evaluation of metastatic lesions alone. Finally, it supports the addition of composite neuroblastoma to a future version of the INPC.
Low-carbon production of hydrogen from fossil fuels

Currently, practically all industrial manufacturing of hydrogen is based on fossil fuels. However, even the “cleanest” of H2 production processes, steam methane reforming, produces close to 10 kg CO2 per kilogram of H2 product. This fact may diminish the environmental appeal of hydrogen as an environmentally clean fuel. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop and implement fossil fuel-based hydrogen production processes with low-to-zero CO2 emissions. The objective of this chapter is to analyze existing and emerging technological options and solutions for eliminating or drastically reducing the amount of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel-based manufacturing of hydrogen. The main approaches to low-carbon production of hydrogen from fossil fuels discussed in this chapter include: (1) integration of fossil fuel-based hydrogen plants with CO2 capture and storage, (2) production of CO2-free hydrogen via dissociation of methane, and (3) the combination of fossil fuel-based hydrogen production processes with noncarbon energy sources such as nuclear and solar. Current status, emerging technological trends, and outlook for low-carbon production of hydrogen are analyzed in this chapter.
Analysis of antibiotics by gas chromatography

Abstract Pharmaceutical grade griseofulvin in bulk and dosage form can be assayed by a new gas-liquid chromatographic procedure. The method involves dissolution in chloroform, injection into an OV-17 column, and normalization of the response with tetraphenylcyclopentadienone as an internal standard. Dechlorogriseofulvin, which is also found in all griseofulvin pharmaceutical products, can be determined simultaneously. Both components have been identified by mass spectrometry. The griseofulvin Food and Drug Administration Working Standard was critically analyzed for impurities by gas-liquid chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry.
Models for pigment pattern formation in the skin of fishes

The colours and patterns of the skin provides a fascinating system used for the study of pattern formation in experimental and theoretical research alike. In this article, a brief review of recent work on the pigmentation of the skin is presented. A mathematical model is shown to be able to capture many features associated with the evolving colour patterns on juveniles belonging to the genus of marine angelfish, Pomacanthus. Different forms of growth lead to very different patterning phenomena. The development of computational tools which can accurately reflect the geometry and growth of the real system will allow studies of the relationship between growth and patterning in species such as Pomacanthus or zebrafish.
Network-assisted multihoming for emerging heterogeneous wireless access scenarios

This paper presents a technique for enabling multihoming in the emerging heterogeneous (“hetnet”) mobile wireless access scenarios, where mobile devices have dual wireless interfaces (such as Wi-Fi and LTE) and can use either or both to achieve significant improvements in performance and service quality. A novel network-assisted technique for multihoming is introduced, enabled by the globally unique identifier (GUID) based routing in the proposed MobilityFirst Future Internet architecture, now under development. In particular, the approach shifts the burden of policy expression and data-striping from end-nodes to in-network nodes, and utilizes named object routing with GUIDs to establish multiple paths to destination mobile devices. The proposed multihoming technique uses hop-by-hop backpressure for data striping at the bifurcation router and includes a robust mechanism to reduce reordering of packets at the receive buffer. We quantify the performance gains using detailed NS3 based simulations and present results from a thorough parametric study to determine the effects of datarate, delay and hop-count difference between multiple available paths. We also show that when multiple interfaces are available, simultaneous use of both the interfaces is beneficial only under certain conditions depending on the ratio of the data-rate of the interfaces and the size of the flow.
Sedimentation Analysis of a Papain-digested Human Multiple Myeloma γG-Globulin

Abstract The results of certain further characterizations of some immunoglobulin fragments, in this instance Pieces I (or II) and III, of a multiple myeloma γG-globulin (HL) are presented here. The submolecules have been separated from the papain-cysteine-protein system by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column which had been equilibrated with cacodylate buffer. For the physicochemical observations, two solvent media were used: aqueous cacodylate buffer and 8 m urea-cacodylate buffer, both at pH 7 and an ionic strength of approximately 0.1. Sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity experiments were performed with the protein systems. It was found that the two fragments have substantially the same molecular weight (50,000). In each case, the sedimentation equilibrium data (apparent weight average molecular weight plotted against the average concentration) suggest that the protein submolecules associate in cacodylate buffer. Values of the equilibrium constant for the process have been computed on the assumption that only dimerization occurs. Association was suppressed in the solvent system containing 8 m urea, and conventional sedimentation behavior was observed. The course of sedimentation velocity experiments has been explained on the same basis, namely, association in the cacodylate buffer system. It has been shown that it is possible to estimate limiting sedimentation coefficients (s25,w0) for both monomer and dimer which are consistent with the observed sedimentation equilibrium result. An attempt has been made to obtain a distribution of sedimentation coefficients for Pieces I (or II) and III, but it is recognized that there are difficulties involved.
The Cone of Curves of K3 Surfaces Revisited

The following theorem was proved in [4] over the complex numbers. It turns out that the proof given there works with very small adjustments in arbitrary characteristic.
Electronic structure of Si O 2 , Si x Ge 1 − x O 2 , and Ge O 2 from photoemission spectroscopy

The valence-band structure of the mixed silicate ${\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ was investigated for a range of compositions by x-ray and uv photoemission spectroscopy. Structure in the valence band, which is derived from the oxygen nonbonding orbitals and from the Si-O bonding orbital, is seen to move continuously in initial energy in going from Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ to Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The width of the nonbonding bands at the top of the valence band decreases from about 3.3 eV in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ to 2.0 eV in Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ in which separate peaks are no longer resolved. The decrease in width of the nonbonding bands is correlated with an increase in the average oxygen-oxygen separation from 2.62 to 2.85 \AA{}. The results indicate that the width of the nonbonding bands is largely due to oxygen wave-function overlap. The valence bands measured by photoemission from the mixed oxide are not a superposition of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ valence bands. On the other hand, band-gap excitations, as determined by energy-loss satellites on the photoemission spectra, were found to be a superposition of those for Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and Ge${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, indicating local conduction-band states centered about the Ge and Si sites.
Perceptual Organization as a Foundation for Graphics Recognition

This paper motivates an approach to graphics recognition grounded in a framework for human and machine vision known as Perceptual Organization. We review some of the characteristics of this approach that distinguish it from traditional engineering of document recognition systems, and we suggest why and how the techniques and philosophy of Perceptual Organization might lead to advances in the very practical matters of interpreting diagrams, drawings, and sketches.
Difference in the Ratio of Dominant-Lethal Mutations to Heritable Translocations Produced in Mouse Spermatids and Fully Mature Sperm after Treatment with Triethylenemelamine (Tem)

The relative induction of dominant-lethal mutations and heritable translocations in triethylenemelamine-treated male postmeiotic germ cells of mice was determined depending on the stage treated. Males were mated either 11.5–14.5 days after treatment (middle spermatids) or less than 2.5 hours after treatment (fully mature sperm). Results clearly showed that, even though similar levels of dominant-lethal mutations were induced in fully mature sperm and in middle spermatids, the frequency of heritable translocations induced in mature sperm was markedly lower than that induced in middle spermatids. This observation was used, together with earlier ones, to suggest a mechanism by which dominant-lethal mutations and heritable translocations are produced following chemical treatment of male postmeiotic germ cels.
On the characterization of the kernel of the geodesic X-ray transform

Let Ω be a compact manifold with boundary. We consider co-variant symmetric tensor fields of order two that belong to a Sobolev space H k (Ω),k ≥ 1. We prove, under the assumption that the metric is simple, that solenoidal tensor fields that belong to the kernel of the geodesic X-ray transform are smooth up to the boundary. As a corollary we obtain that they form a finite-dimensional set in H k .