cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary on the Book: Through the Models of Writing

The authors of this volume, Alamargot and Chanquoy, have performed a very valuable service to the scientific community. They have searched out a very large number of theoretical contributions relevant to writing from a variety of fields including cognitive psychology, composition research, speech and linguistics. They have shown where these theoretical contributions complement each other and where they differ. In addition, they have identified topics that require theoretical elaboration on which the available theories are either silent or vague. This distillation of the research literature will help to focus the efforts of researchers already in the field and should be an invaluable aid to those just entering the field.
Studies on Cytochrome c Peroxidase XIII. CRYSTALLINE COMPLEXES OF APOENZYME WITH PORPHYRINS

Abstract Combination of apocytochrome c peroxidase with various porphyrins such as proto-, hemato-, meso-, and deuteroporphyrins IX was investigated. These porphyrins combined with the apoprotein with a molar stoichiometry of 1:1 to form well defined porphyrin-protein complexes. The complexes were further purified by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns and crystallized by dialysis against distilled water. Spectrophotometric studies of the kinetics of the interaction of the apoenzyme with porphyrins indicated that their reactions were composed of at least two steps, a fast reaction followed by a slow reaction: the former appeared to be a chemical binding of porphyrins to the apoenzyme and the latter a conformational change of the protein moiety caused by the porphyrin binding. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the protoporphyrin-apoenzyme complex were determined as 4 x 104 and pH 5.45, respectively. The porphyrin-apocytochrome c peroxidase complexes were found neither to form distinct peroxide compounds in reaction with hydroperoxide nor to show the peroxidase activity. Comparison of these porphyrin-protein complexes with natural and synthetic cytochrome c peroxidases indicated that the iron atom in the prosthetic group is needed for the peroxidase activity but not for the binding of the prosthetic group to the apoenzyme. Light absorption, fluorescence spectra, and heat stability curves of the porphyrin-protein complexes were compared with those of the apoenzyme and natural holoenzyme.
Does Joint Production of Lending and Underwriting Help or Hurt Firms? A Fixed Effects Approach

The relaxation of restrictions on commercial bank underwriting, culminated in the passage of the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, has initiated a major change in debt underwriting markets facing borrowing firms, as financial institutions are now able to jointly produce private lending and corporate debt underwriting services. Using fixed effects regressions on a panel of 4553 debt issues by 509 firms from 1990 to 2003, I find that issuing firms receive a 10 to 15 percent reduction in underwriting fees, which is driven by commercial banks jointly offering lending and underwriting services. I show firms are no more locked in to financial relationships after deregulation than before, and that issuing firms add multiple lead managers to prevent a lending commercial bank underwriter from gaining too much power over the firm. While a number of papers analyze commercial bank entry, this paper is the first to use the effect of exogenous deregulation on within-firm variation over time to estimate key parameters. This methodological contribution is important; I show that cross section (or pooled) regressions produce biased and inconsistent estimates of the effect of commercial banks on yield spreads. The fixed effects strategy employed here calls into question the result in previous research that commercial banks obtain lower yield spreads for borrowing firms.
Ethical Considerations in Leaping from Bench to Bedside

Two preproposals involving in utero gene transfer research that were submitted to the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee have raised important questions regarding the appropriateness of initiating this sort of experimentation with human subjects. Before making the leap from bench to bedside, it is critical to address specific aspects of such proposals including, safety, the possibility of benefit, experimental design, and informed consent. Addressing these aspects adequately will require further public discussions and deliberations as well as additional empirical data.
A Dynamical Systems Perspective on Mediating Violence in Schools: Emergent Roles of Child and Youth Care Workers

In recent years, violence has been a major concern for human service professionals and increasingly, to child and youth care workers particularly as they have served in schools where major violent events have occurred. Most often violence prevention and intervention efforts ignore the systemic aspects of violence and are too narrowly focused. This article proposes that a consideration of violence in schools be based on dynamical systems theory. This theory offers rich possibilities for generating a useful model for mediating school violence and for suggesting ways in which child and youth care workers can use their competencies to address the multiple factors related to school violence. The article includes an overview to the concepts of dynamical systems theory, offers the dynamical systems model for mediating school violence and presents implications for the roles and functions of child and youth workers particularly in the emerging area of school based child and youth care work.
Improving accessibility for existing websites spanning multiple domains

There are demands for improving accessibility in existing websites by enlarging text and changing the colors. Typical solutions use technologies such as ActiveX that can only run on a specific client environment. JavaScript is supported in many Web browsers, and it can be used to add new functions for improving the accessibility of existing websites. However, Web browsers prohibit JavaScript from accessing webpages of another domain, so it is difficult to improve accessibility for related websites spanning multiple domains. This paper describes a method that solves the problem.
The Masculine Image of Presidents As Sporting Figures: A Public Relations Perspective

This article explores the role of the president identifying himself as a sporting figure, which can be successful as well as detrimental in the presidents’ overall public relations strategy, throug...
Peristalsis in duplication cyst: a new diagnostic sonographic finding.

Ultrasonography is useful in the evaluation of enteric duplication cysts in infants. Typically, there is an anechoic fluid-filled lumen with a double-layered surrounding wall. This case report documents an additional sonographic finding which has not been recorded: peristaltic contractions of the cyst wall. This provides a realtime observation which is specific in the pre-operative diagnosis of neonatal cystic abdominal masses.
Foreign entrant survival and foreign market share: Canadian companies' experience in united states medical sector markets

We show that successful foreign market entry is related to the extent of foreign presence in an industry at the time of entry. Survival of 31 Canadian-based businesses that entered 24 U.S. medical sector markets between 1968 and 1989 tended to be somewhat longer in product markets in which foreign-based businesses held a moderate market share when the Canadian businesses entered than in low and high foreign share product markets. The result controls several other industry and business-level factors, including industry concentration, entry year, corporate size, related diversification, entry mode, and service sector status.
Trends in mortality rates in patients with prostate cancer during the era of prostate specific antigen screening.

Purpose: We assess the influence of prostate specific antigen screening on trends in mortality rates in patients with prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: The incidence based mortality method was applied to prostate cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. This method links data on patients diagnosed with cancer to vital status and cause of death, such that mortality can be evaluated by factors associated with disease at diagnosis. Prostate and nonprostate cancer mortality rates were evaluated according to patient age at death, disease stage and grade at diagnosis, race and whether additional cancers involving other sites were present.Results: Mortality due to prostate cancer decreased from 37% in 1988 to 30% in 1995 largely as a result of a sharp increase in nonprostate cancer mortality rates. The overall trend in prostate cancer mortality rates increased from 1988 through 1992 and then decreased. The increase and decrease in rates occurred across categories of age, rac...
SPERM WHALE DISTRIBUTIONS AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH A WARM‐CORE RING OFF GEORGES BANK

Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) sighting rate in the vicinity of a thermal front on the eastern boundary of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring was five times greater than the pooled rate in the remainder of the study area. No sperm whales were sighted within the ring away from frontal boundaries. Sperm whale distribution patterns associated with the ring were examined using hydrographic and zooplankton data. Hydrographic structure and zooplankton densities and community composition differed between the high-use region and the remainder of the study area, suggesting that mesoscale patterns in the biological and physical environments regulate sperm whale habitat usage. Satellite thermal images indicated cool water associated with the eastern front was shelf or slope water entrained from the Scotian Shelf to the north. Interaction of the warm-core ring with the shelf or slope water is probably indirectly responsible for greater sperm whale presence on the eastern boundary of the ring, providing suitable habitat for their squid prey. Entrainment of shelf water by warm-core rings occurs frequently, providing potential sperm whale habitat in the vicinity of rings. Surveys of warm-core rings and other Gulf Stream features are needed to improve accuracy of sperm whale population estimates.
EFFECTS OF MACROPHYTE FUNCTIONAL GROUP RICHNESS ON EMERGENT FRESHWATER WETLAND FUNCTIONS

Most plant diversity-function studies have been conducted in terrestrial ecosystems and have focused on plant productivity and nutrient uptake/retention, with a notable lack of attention paid to belowground processes (e.g., root dynamics, decomposition, trace gas fluxes). Here we present results from a mesocosm experiment in which we assessed how the richness of emergent macrophyte functional groups influences aboveground and belowground plant growth and microbial-mediated functions related to carbon and nitrogen cycling, with an emphasis on methane (CH4) efflux and potential denitrification rates. We found that an increase in the richness of wetland plant functional groups enhanced belowground plant biomass, altered rooting patterns, and decreased methane efflux, while having no effect on aboveground plant production or denitrification potential. We hypothesize that the greater root production and increased rooting depth in the highest diversity treatments enhanced CH4 oxidation to a relatively greater degree than methane production, leading to an overall decrease in CH4 efflux across our plant functional group richness gradient.
Distal radioulnar joint dysfunction

The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is highly complex in its 3-dimensional interactions resulting in wrist motion. This complicated structure is prone to injury and instability, which can be difficult to assess and treat effectively. The goal of this article is to provide a description of the anatomy, biomechanics, imaging techniques, and surgical repairs.
Relationship between photosystem II activity and CO2 fixation in leaves

There is now potential to estimate photosystem II (PSII) activity in vivo from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and thus gauge PSII activity per CO2 fixed. A measure of the quantum yield of photosystem II, ΦII (electron/photon absorbed by PSII), can be obtained in leaves under steady-state conditions in the light using a modulated fluorescence system. The rate of electron transport from PSII equals ΦII times incident light intensity times the fraction of incident light absorbed by PSII. In C4 plants, there is a linear relationship between PSII activity and CO2 fixation, since there are no other major sinks for electrons; thus measurements of quantum yield of PSII may be used to estimate rates of photosynthesis in C4 species. In C3 plants, both CO2 fixation and photorespiration are major sinks for electrons from PSII (a minimum of 4 electrons are required per CO2, or per O2 reacting with RuBP). The rates of PSII activity associated with photosynthesis in C3 plants, based on estimates of the rates of carboxylation (vo) and oxygenation (vo) at various levels of CO2 and O2, largely account for the PSII activity determined from fluorescence measurements. Thus, in C3 plants, the partitioning of electron flow between photosynthesis and photorespiration can be evaluated from analysis of fluorescence and CO2 fixation.
Absorption spectrum of flexible conjugated polymers: the weak-disorder limit

Abstract Purely conformational contributions to dipole transition moments lead to a general new expression for the absorption spectrum of flexible conjugated polymers with persistence length ξc and alternation δ. Blue-shifts are found at rod-to-coil transitions without invoking rotational defects that break the conjugation. Conformational coupling in the weak-disorder limit increases the effective alternation.
Is There an Islamic Ethic of Humanitarian Intervention

Recent interventions by non-Islamic states into conflicts involving Islamic nations have shifted the focus of debates within the Muslim community from the conflicts themselves to whether non-Muslim states have the moral right to intervene into Muslim matters at all. Hashmi delivers an overview of fundamental issues Western leaders ignored when evaluating their power of intervention in the Persian Gulf, Bosnia, Somalia, and Afghanistan. In Islamic law (sharia), for example, national sovereignty carries an explicitly separate and less clearly defined meaning than in Western philosophy. Lack of consensus within the international community on the definition and criteria of intervention exacerbates even further the flaw of not incorporating non-Western thought into the decision-making process of intervention. In the aftermath of the Cold War, Hashmi proposes this as a long overdue moment for reassessing the UN chapter on intervention, reappraising the value of human rights and justice, and most important, including Islamic thought into the new system.
Twenty-four Hour Plasma Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Gulf War Veterans: Relationships to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Health Symptoms

Background We aim to characterize the baseline functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in Gulf War veterans (GWV) and examine the extent to which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and unexplained health symptoms—which commonly co-occur—have similar or different biological correlates. Methods Thirty-one GWV, 20 with current PTSD and 11 without current or lifetime PTSD, and 16 healthy nondeployed subjects not exposed to the Gulf War theater underwent medical and psychiatric examination followed by blood sampling every half-hour over 24 hours for the measurement of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Results Gulf War veterans without PTSD or another psychiatric disorder had significantly lower 24-hour plasma ACTH levels, a significantly higher cortisol:ACTH ratio, and no difference in cortisol levels compared to nondeployed subjects and to GWV with PTSD, controlling for body mass index (BMI). Among GWV, health symptoms (mood and cognitive symptoms) were positively associated with, and hyperarousal symptoms were negatively associated with, the cortisol:ACTH ratio. Additionally, the self-reported acute effects of pesticides and of pyridostigmine bromide during deployment were associated with lower ACTH levels, controlling for BMI and PTSD. Conclusions The data provide evidence of HPA axis dysregulation in Gulf War veterans, which may be related to Gulf War deployment exposures. Despite the overlap of chronic unexplained health symptoms and PTSD in GWV, these symptom constellations appear to be biologically distinct.
Hybrid Monte-Carlo method for simulating neutron and photon radiography

Abstract We present a Hybrid Monte-Carlo method (HMCM) for simulating neutron and photon radiographs. HMCM utilizes the combination of a Monte-Carlo particle simulation for calculating incident film radiation and a statistical post-processing routine to simulate film noise. Since the method relies on MCNP for transport calculations, it is easily generalized to most non-destructive evaluation (NDE) simulations. We verify the method's accuracy through ASTM International's E592-99 publication, Standard Guide to Obtainable E quivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Radiography of Steel Plates [1] . Potential uses for the method include characterizing alternative radiological sources and simulating NDE radiographs.
Candida laryngitis appearing asleukoplakia and gerd

Summary The symptoms and physical findings of reflux laryngopharyngitisare characteristic, but the mucosal alterations evident in the larynx are not exclusive to reflux. When conventional reflux management produces an equivocal response, other etiologic factors such as mycotic laryngitis, need consideration. The differential diagnosis of dysphonia in an immunocompromised patient always includes mycotic infections, but mycotic laryngitis can also occur in the immunocompetent host. Laryngeal candidiasis can produce physical findings, such as erythema and leukoplakia, that are similar to reflux laryngopharyngitis. Predisposing factors include previous radiation therapy, antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and any alteration in the mucosal barrier. Diagnosis is established by mucosal biopsy with special staining of the tissue to identify the characteristic hyphae. Treatment of mycoses can be difficult and long-term therapy is often required.
Venous haemodynamics after total knee arthroplasty: EVALUATION OF ACTIVE DORSAL TO PLANTAR FLEXION AND SEVERAL MECHANICAL COMPRESSION DEVICES

We performed a crossover study to evaluate the haemodynamic effect of active dorsal to plantar flexion and seven pneumatic compression devices in ten patients who had a total knee arthroplasty. Using the Acuson 128XP/10 duplex ultrasound unit with a 5MHz linear array probe, we assessed the augmentation of peak venous velocity and venous volume above and below the junction of the greater saphenous and common femoral veins in order to study both the deep and superficial venous systems. The pneumatic compression devices evaluated included two foot pumps (A-V Impulse System and PlexiPulse Foot), a foot-calf pump (PlexiPulse Foot-Calf), a calf pump (VenaFlow System) and three calf-thigh pumps (SCD System, Flowtron DVT and Jobst Athrombic Pump). The devices differed in a number of ways, including the length and location of the sleeve and bladder, the frequency and duration of activation, the rate of pressure rise, and the maximum pressure achieved. A randomisation table was used to determine the order of the test conditions for each patient. The enhancement of peak venous velocity occurred primarily in the deep venous system below the level of the saphenofemoral junction. The increases in peak venous velocity were as follows: active dorsal to plantar flexion 175%; foot pumps, A-V Impulse System 29% and PlexiPulse 65%; foot-calf pump, PlexiPulse, 221%; calf pump, VenaFlow, 302% and calf-thigh pumps, Flowtron DVT 87%, SCD System 116% and Jobst Athrombic Pump 263%. All the devices augmented venous volume, the greatest effect being seen with those incorporating calf compression. The increases in ml/min were found in the deep venous system as follows: foot pumps, A-V Impulse System 9.6 and PlexiPulse Foot 16.7; foot-calf pump, PlexiPulse, 38.1; calf pump, VenaFlow, 26.2; calf-thigh pumps, Flowtron DVT 61.5, SCD System 34.7 and Jobst Athrombic Pump 82.3. Active dorsal to plantar flexion generated 8.5 ml for a single calf contraction.
Buckling and vibration of a rotating beam

The equations for the vibration of a rotating beam, such as a helicopter blade, are exhibited. The beam is elastic (in general non-linearly so), the description is geometrically exact, the axis of rotation does not necessarily pass through the beam's clamped end (precession) and cross-sectional shearing is accounted for by using a director theory. Particular attention is paid to the impossibility of vibration (or buckling) confined to a plane making an angle β to the axis of rotation unless β=π/2 (orπ/2 or 0) or rotatory inertia is neglected. For purposed of illustration the analysis is specialized to describe Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams.
End User Security Training for Identification and Access Management

Identification and access management I/AM is among the top security issues facing institutions of higher education. Most institutions of higher education require end users to provide usernames and passwords to gain access to personally identifiable information PII. This leaves universities vulnerable to unauthorized access and unauthorized disclosure of PII as, according to recent literature, usernames and passwords alone are insufficient for proper authentication of users into information and information systems. This study examines a critical element in the successful implementation of any information security initiative, end user training. Specifically, this study advances research in the area of end user security training by using canonical action research CAR to develop and refine an IT security training framework that can guide institutions of higher education in the implementation of USB security tokens for two-factor authentication using public key infrastructure PKI.
Evolution of Insect Eyes: Tales of Ancient Heritage, Deconstruction, Reconstruction, Remodeling, and Recycling

The visual organs of insects are known for their impressive evolutionary conservation. Compound eyes built from ommatidia with four cone cells are now accepted to date back to the last common ancestor of insects and crustaceans. In species as different as fruit flies and tadpole shrimps, the stepwise cellular patterning steps of the early compound eye exhibit detailed similarities implying 500 million years of developmental conservation. Strikingly, there is also a cryptic diversity of insect visual organs, which gives proof to evolution’s versatility in molding even the most tenacious structures into something new. We explore this fascinating aspect in regard to the structure and function of a variety of different insect eyes. This includes work on the unique compound–single-chamber combination eye of twisted-winged insects and the bizarre evolutionary trajectories of specialized larval eyes in endopterygote insects.
Sexual Behavior of the Hermit Crab Pagur Us Traversi (Filhol) (Decapoda, Paguridae)

1852): A preliminary study of their morphology and behavior. M.S. Thesis, 1980, University of Toronto, Canada. 156 pp. Jordan, S. D. & D. W. Dunham, 1981. Two new color morphs of the crayfish Orconectes propinquus (Girard) from Lake Simcoe, Ontario. American Midland Naturalist, 105: 384-385. Nie, N. H., C. H. Hull, J. G. Jenkins, S. Steinbrenner & D. H. Brent, 1975. Statistical package for the social sciences, i-xxiv, 1-675. (McGraw-Hill, New York).
Business and Social Reconstruction

(1972). Business and Social Reconstruction. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 296-308.
Iterated Tests of the Equality of Several Distributions

Abstract Two important examples of this iterated procedure are given. The first one describes the test of the equality of the means of m independent normal distributions having common, but unknown, variance. This test is based on a sequence of Student t statistics: the first t tests the equality of the first two means, the second t tests the equality of the first three means (given that the first two means are equal), and so on. Since, under the null hypothesis, these statistics are mutually stochastically independent, it is easy to find the significance level of this procedure. Moreover, a rejection by this iterated scheme provides some reason why all m means are not equal. In the second example, the test of the equality of m independent distributions is based on a sequence of independent two-sample distribution-free statistics, such as the statistics proposed by Smirnov and Wilcoxon.
Neurofilament-dependent radial growth of motor axons and axonal organization of neurofilaments does not require the neurofilament heavy subunit (NF-H) or its phosphorylation.

Neurofilaments are essential for establishment and maintenance of axonal diameter of large myelinated axons, a property that determines the velocity of electrical signal conduction. One prominent model for how neurofilaments specify axonal growth is that the 660–amino acid, heavily phosphorylated tail domain of neurofilament heavy subunit (NF-H) is responsible for neurofilament-dependent structuring of axoplasm through intra-axonal crossbridging between adjacent neurofilaments or to other axonal structures. To test such a role, homologous recombination was used to generate NF-H–null mice. In peripheral motor and sensory axons, absence of NF-H does not significantly affect the number of neurofilaments or axonal elongation or targeting, but it does affect the efficiency of survival of motor and sensory axons. Loss of NF-H caused only a slight reduction in nearest neighbor spacing of neurofilaments and did not affect neurofilament distribution in either large- or small-diameter motor axons. Since postnatal growth of motor axon caliber continues largely unabated in the absence of NF-H, neither interactions mediated by NF-H nor the extensive phosphorylation of it within myelinated axonal segments are essential features of this growth.
Layered Synthetic Microstructures as Dispersing Devices in X-ray Spectrometers

Layered synthetic microstructures (LSM's) are useful dispersing devices for x-ray spectroscopy. They can be produced with virtually any layer spacing (d) greater than approximately 10 A and they have high diffraction efficiency. Integral reflection coefficients for such structures made up of alternating layers of a transition metal and carbon are 3 to 10 times greater than values for other dispersing elements used in the moderate to long wavelength region of the x-ray spectrum. Resolving power of the LSMs is somewhat poorer than crystals at this time but is sufficient to permit significant applications.
Experimental and simulation studies of the interfacial zone in concrete

Abstract Since concrete is a composite material, the interfaces between components can be expected to have major effects on physical properties. In ordinary portland cement concrete, the interfacial zone between cement paste and aggregate has been shown to exhibit characteristics greatly differing from those of the bulk paste. The addition of mineral admixtures to the mix has been shown to significantly alter this interfacial zone microstructure and enhance physical properties of the composite. In this paper, a direct comparison is made between results obtained using a three-dimensional microstructural model and those obtained experimentally on a similar set of mixes containing various amounts of silica fume. Quantitative measurements of backscattered electron images of the interfacial zone in the real materials are compared to model results. The model reproduces the experimentally-observed characteristics of the interfacial zone, which are quite different with and without the presence of silica fume. Based on the model and experimental results, it is suggested that the presence of silica fume produces a more homogeneous microstructure by balancing the Ca/Si molar ratio in the interfacial zone relative to that in the bulk paste, unlike ordinary portland cement concrete where this ratio increases dramatically as the aggregate surface is approached.
Decision speed for the choosing of the larger or the smaller of two digits

A recent published report suggests that numbers may be processed internally as analog magnitudes when Ss are required to select the larger of two digits. If this is the case then it is suggested that Ss should be able to select larger digits more quickly than smaller digits. Experimental investigation confirms that the choosing of larger digits is faster than the choosing of smaller digits.
RF propagation in finite thickness nonreciprocal magnetic photonic crystals

The magnetic crystal is promising for microwave applications, including smaller RF devices. The frozen mode regime has been demonstrated for infinite and semi-infinite magnetic photonic crystals. In this paper, we examine a more practical case: pulse propagation in a finite size magnetic photonic crystal.
Effect of temperature on surface noise

An experimental work is discussed whose objective was to obtain data that show the effect of temperature and temperature fluctuations on surface noise. This was accomplished experimentally by immersing a small chord airfoil in the turbulent airstream of a hot jet. The theory and experiment reported by Olsen (1976) provided a guide for designing and validating the hot jet experiment and for interpreting the data. It is shown that increased temperature causes a small decrease in the sound levels; at the same time it causes a shift in the spectra that is smaller but similar to the shift observed with subsonic hot jet noise.
Leveraging student course enrollment data to infuse personalization in a library website

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the benefits of integrating personalization within a library web site and presents methodology for achieving this goal within an academic setting. Design/methodology/approach – The project documented in this study explores the use of student course enrollment data as the basis for creating a personalized library web site. Off-the-shelf, open source applications are used in conjunction with existing university data to deliver a final product that offers an enhanced user experience for the university community. Findings – Adaptive personalization is increasingly commonplace on the web. Academic libraries have a unique source of existing data that offers the potential of adding personalization to the library web site. At present, the personalization of library online services remains largely unexplored. This project illustrates one relatively low-cost method to help libraries interested in creating personalized web sites. Practical implications – This paper ...
Religion, Rationality, and Experience: A Response to the New Rational Choice Theory of Religion

This paper is a critical response to the newest version of the rational choice theory of religion (RCTR). In comparison with previous critiques, this paper takes aim at RCTR's foundational assumption of psychological egoism and argues that the thesis of psychological egoism is untenable. Without that thesis, the normative aspects of religious commitment cannot be reduced validly to instrumental reason. On neither conceptual nor empirical grounds therefore can religion or religious commitment be defined comprehensively in terms of exchange theory. With the failure of psychological egoism as a point of departure, the paper articulates an alternative theory of religion, one based on the epistemic rationality grounded in religious experience and religious emotion.
Ten-year survival and clinical results of constrained components in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract The use of constrained prostheses in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unusual. This is a study of the indications, clinical results, and 10-year survival of these components. Fifty-four knees (44 patients) were prospectively followed, and 42 knees (34 patients) had 5 to 16 years (mean, 9 years) of follow-up. The indications for the components were valgus deformity with incompetent medial collateral ligament in 27 knees, severe flexion contracture with inability to balance the knee in 12, and others in 3. Knees were evaluated by the Hospital for Special Surgery and Knee Society score systems. Statistical analysis included paired Student t test and survivorship analysis. Of the entire cohort of 54 knees, there were only 2 failures: a tibial loosening revised at 3 years and a femoral loosening (no stem) revised at 1 year. Of the 42 knees with minimum 5-year follow-up, 12 knees were rated as excellent, 24 good, 3 as fair, and 3 as poor. There was a significant improvement in postoperative knee score, but not in the function score. The mean flexion contracture preoperatively was 17°; postoperatively, 1.7°; and mean flexion preoperatively, 93°; postoperatively, 97°. The 10-year survival with failure, defined as component revision for loosening, was 96% (confidence interval, 90.6%-100%). In difficult primary TKAs, there were 86% good or excellent results and a 10-year survival of 96% despite the increased constraint. The constrained condylar TKA remains indicated for knees with severe valgus deformity, incompetent medial collateral ligament, or severe flexion contracture in which the knee cannot be properly balanced.
The Stability of Synchrotron Orbits

The stability of electron orbits in a synchrotron with a frequency modulated r-f has been investigated. The method consists in expanding the equations of motion and in solving them to zeroth and to first order of approximation. Attention is centered on the relatively low voltages---up to 200 Mev---and consequently the effects of radiation damping are of minor importance and may be neglected. With the correct frequency modulation, the electrons, in zeroth order, move in circular orbits with a constant radius. In first order their $r$ and $\ensuremath{\theta}$ coordinates oscillate with the two frequencies ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ while the axial coordinate z oscillates with the frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$. It is shown that as the energy of the electrons increases, the amplitudes of the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ motions decrease approximately as $\frac{1}{{E}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ while the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ amplitude decreases as $\frac{1}{{E}^{\frac{1}{4}}}$. Thus the electron orbits are stable. A numerical example is calculated in detail for a machine where the injection energy is \textonehalf{} Mev and the final energy 150 Mev. The accuracy of the solution is discussed and it is concluded that it will be correct to better than one percent provided the frequencies ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$, and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ are not commensurable. In the latter case, under certain conditions, secular changes in the orbits could occur which would destroy their stability.
Additional planets in the habitable zone of Gliese 581

Context. The 3-planet system that contains two super Earths has recently been verified around the M dwarf Gliese 581. Recent theoretical work into the system's habitable zone (HZ) still raises questions as to the habitability of the known planets; however, the system remains the best candidate for potentially habitable planets.Aims. We address the possible existence of an undetected, lower mass planet inside the conservative HZ through the dynamical stability evolution of the system. This is important since recent studies consider planets c and d to be at the edges of the HZ, while the region in between might harbor a better candidate for habitability. These planets have a radial velocity contribution just below the measurement uncertainty, which would be the reason they have not been detected previously. Thus, our considered planetary masses are maximum masses for the undetected planet.Methods. Using reported planetary parameters of the three detected planets, we numerically integrate the system for 106 yr with mass-less test particles scattered inside the HZ. This specifies possible regions for stable orbits. We then integrate the system for 107 yr with a fourth lower mass planet inside the specified stability regions.Results. Our study found a high probability that stable systems occurred for a fourth planet of ~ with a semi-major axis between 0.11 AU and 0.21 AU and eccentricity between 0.01 and 0.25. In stable systems, the fourth planet had very little effect on the overall stability of the system. There, the dynamical evolution of the three detected planets was comparable to that of 3-planet models. The eccentricity of the undetected planet had small amplitude variations and its semi axis remained extremely stable. Thus, Gliese 581 remains a good candidate for future detection of habitable Earth-mass planets.
Nitrogen fixation and nitrate utilization by marine and freshwater Beggiatoa

Four newly isolated marine strains of Beggiatoa and five freshwater strains were tested for nitrogen fixation in slush agar medium. All strains reduced acetylene when grown microaerobically in media containing a reduced sulfur source and lacking added combined nitrogen. The addition of 2 mmol N, as nitrate or ammonium salts, completely inhibited this reduction. Although not optimized for temperature or cell density, acetylene reduction rates ranged from 3.2 to 12 nmol·mg prot-1 min-1. Two freshwater strains did not grow well or reduce acetylene in medium lacking combined nitrogen if sulfide was replaced by thiosulfate. Two other strains grew well in liquid media lacking both combined nitrogen and reduced sulfur compounds but only under lowered concentrations of air. All freshwater strains grew well in medium containing nitrate as the combined nitrogen source. Since they did not reduce acetylene under these conditions, we infer that they can assimilate nitrate.
Intersensory integration of selected spatial dimensions: extension to an adult sample.

Summary.-The development of intersensory integration had been studied previously in children between 3 and 13 yr. in terms of several spatial dimensions. This research extends the study of intersensory integration across visual and haptic systems with a sample of adults. Four conditions of length estimation were administered, and, for two of them, careful observations were made of Ss' haptic perceptual activity while engaged in perceiving length. Findings indicated a convergence in levels of accuracy for three of the four intersensory conditions by age 18 yr. Haptic perceptual activity was not substantially different at ages 13 and 18 yr. In an earlier study (Abravanel, 1968) the development of intersensory integration across visual and haptic/kinesthetic systems was studied in children between ages 3 and 13 yr. Four intersensory conditions of length estimation were administered to all Ss: haptic-visual, visual-haptic, haptic/kinesthetic-visual and, tactile-visual. Our inrention was to determine the capabilities of children in a task of perceiving length by means of one perceptual system (e.g., vision) and forming an equivalence in another system (e.g., haptics). Fig. 1 portrays the course of improvement of intersensory patterning by age for each condition. At age 13, magnitude of error was significanrly lowest (p < .O1 as indicated by Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons) for the haptic-visual estimation. The differences in magnitude of error for the remaining three conditions were not significant. This report presents data for a group of 18-yr.-olds who were administered the same conditions as the younger children. The purpose was to determine (1) whether the developmental trend toward increasing accuracy would continue past early adolescence and (2) whether the relative accuracies would be similar at ages 13 and 18. Moreover, the original study included a close observation of the techniques used by children in exploring objects for length. Perceptual activity changed considerably at a number of ages during the period from 3 to 13 yr. These changes in the quality of perceptual activity were related to increases in the accuracy of intersensory integration. In the present study, observarions were also made of the haptic perceptual activity of our adult sample in order to compare with the findings for children and adolescents.
The Effective Public for Plant-Community Public Relations Effort

Although corporations have become increastion which is actively interested in corporation ingly concerned with the development of activities and suggest that public relations effavorable community attitudes toward plants, forts, to be effective, should be addressed to little has been known about the audience tothis group. ward which a public relations program should Julian L. Woodward and Elmo Roper are be addressed. In this article, the authors point on the staff of the Elmo Roper research orto the small segment of a community populaganization.
Continuous-Time Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Wiener Modeling Method

This paper introduces a methodology for obtaining accurate continuous-time multiple-input, multiple-output models of nonlinear dynamic systems with Wiener characteristics. The models are obtained from complete reliance on experimental data, and this work demonstrates the effectiveness of optimal statistical design of experiments (SDOE) to fully obtain Wiener models. This method is evaluated on a highly nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor, and its performance is compared to conventional discrete-time Wiener modeling (DTM) using a pseudorandom sequence design (PRSD) and the same SDOE as the proposed method. The proposed method greatly outperforms the DTM developed from PRSD and moderately outperforms the DTM based on SDOE.
Old World Sexism Transplanted : Test of the Sheet

When Nick visits the cafe of his brother-in-law, Lombros, they become embroiled in a heated discussion over who is and who is not genuinely Greek. Nick takes the position that to be a true Greek you must not only have been born and raised in Greece but also speak Greek perfectly. On the other hand, Lombros takes the position that being Greek depends only on how much you love Hellenic culture and thereby what is in your heart. The conversation then turns into the real reason for Nick's visit. He wants to arrange a marriage between their sister-in-law, Penelope, and Yiannos, an older Greek man who owns a thriving restaurant. Yiannos's demand for a virgin bride threatens to doom any possibility of his marrying Penelope, until Lombros's cook, Josephine, saves the day with a fool-proof plan for Penelope to pass the "test of the sheet".
THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES : VIII. ON THE COURSE OF THE TISSUE ACIDOSIS SECONDARY TO BLOOD ACIDOSIS INDUCED WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

The changes in blood reaction caused by the injection into a vein of a weak solution of hydrochloric acid are accompanied by extravascular changes of similar magnitude within the subcutaneous tissue. Under the conditions of prolonged general anesthesia with ether or urethane the circulation to this tissue is so interfered with that an "outlying acidosis" may develop in addition to the acidosis immediately consequent on the blood state. Even under the best of circumstances the extravascular acidosis induced with hydrochloric acid affects not merely the tissue fluid but the reaction of the tissue itself. Rabbits in which a widespread extravascular acidosis has been produced, together with a blood acidosis as severe as is compatible with life, remain in good condition during the relatively long period over which this state of affairs persists. There is at no time any sign of capillary dilatation, though the vessels are bathed in relatively add fluid, and none of shock. No edema develops in the acidotic tissues, and the animals void large amounts of urine. The tissue acidosis lessens pari passu with that of the blood.
Electrostatic steering of substrate to acetylcholinesterase: analysis of field fluctuations.

Based on previous molecular dynamics simulation results for acetylcholinesterase dimer, we calculate and analyse the electrostatic field fluctuations around the enzyme. The results show that dynamic features of the electrostatic field favor attraction of the positively-charged substrate. An internet link to an animation of the results is also provided. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 53: 265–271, 2000
Protecting radio call letters and slogans as trademarks

In 1983 the FCC ended its supervision of call letter disputes, and two years later the Patent and Trademark Office gave broadcasters the right to protect their call letters. Since then, several radio stations have gone to court, claiming trademark infringement by competing stations on call letters, slogans, and dial positions. Whether stations prevail depends on such factors as type of mark, content of the call sign or slogan, audience recognition of competing calls or slogans, similarity of audience and format, and extent to which similar call signs or slogans may confuse the public.
Restriction enzyme mapping of bacterial urease genes: using degenerate primers to expand experimental outcomes

Two degenerate primers are described that can be used to amplify a 340 bp fragment of the ureC gene from a variety of urease producing bacteria. A series of experiments are outlined that enable students to develop restriction maps of the urease gene clusters from different bacteria. Students learn a variety of molecular biology techniques including polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Southern blotting. This project allows for multiple experimental outcomes using the same two PCR primers. © 2001 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.