cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RESOURCE ALLOCATION USING QFD AND SOFTNESS CONCEPTS DURING PRELIMINARY DESIGN

A design method has been developed to allow a design project manager to coordinate the efforts of the sub-assembly design teams during the preliminary stages of product development, thereby increasing the concurrency of the design process. Through the use of Quality Function Deployment, soft numbers, and linear programming, the method optimizes the amount of cost, weight, and space allocated to each of the sub-assembly design teams so that the probable customer satisfaction with the vehicle's performance is maximized. By allocating resources and not designating physical dimensions, the project manager constrains sub-assembly designers at the minimum required level, but still provides the required knowledge to all of the teams so that they may design independently. The automobile is used as an illustrative example to highlight the method.
Using Temperature-Sensitive Smart Polymers to Regulate DNA-Mediated Nanoassembly and Encoded Nanocarrier Drug Release

In this paper we describe the use of a temperature-responsive polymer to regulate DNA interactions in both a DNA-mediated assembly system and a DNA-encoded drug delivery system. A thermoresponsive pNIPAAm-co-pAAm polymer, with a transition temperature (TC) of 51 °C, was synthesized with thiol modification and grafted onto gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) also containing single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA). The thermoresponsive behavior of the polymer regulated the accessibility of the sequence-specific hybridization between complementary DNA-functionalized Au NPs. At T TC, the polymer shell undergoes a hydrophilic to -phobic phase transition and collapses, shrinking below the outer ssDNA, allowing for the sequence-specific hybridization to occur. The potential application of this dynamic interface for drug delivery is shown, in which th...
HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) AND AMERICAN ADOPTION OF KOREAN CHILDREN: RESULTS OF SCREENING

Each year about 5000 Korean children are adopted by American families. We began screening for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) following HBV infections in two families in which recently adopted Korean children were found to be HBsAg carriers. We evaluated, using a radioimmunoassay, 884 abandoned or released children ≥ 3 months of age from an adoption agency in Seoul, Korea, 2 weeks prior to U.S. arrival. Rescreening of all children was recommended within 6 months of their arrival. A questionnaire was sent to determine whether rescreening had been performed and if test results differed from Korean findings. HBsAg positive tests(+) were found in 4.53%(40/884). Sex was not a factor, but a greater percentage (%) of HBsAg(+) children were > 1 year of age compared with the total % tested (37.5% vs 21.9%, p .05] existed between month of arrival and number of HBsAg(+) children. Of children > 1 year of age with HBsAg (+), 12/15 had been abandoned compared with 4/23 children ≤1 year of age (p<.001). Families of the first 645 children were sent questionnaires; 375 (58%) responded. Of those HBsAg(+), 15/17 were retested; 13 remained HBsAg(+). Of those HBsAg(−), 160 were retested; 3/160 were HBsAg(+)[1.9%]. Testing of all adopted Korean children for HBV should be done to diminish risk of potential virus transmission.
Simulation and assessment of power variations from wind arrays during local storms

Abstract Little attention has been paid to the development of control practices for utilities with power variations resulting from wind generation. One of the reasons is that little information is available on wind power variations from wind power arrays. This study demonstrates that severe operating problems can be caused by local storms in utilities with wind penetrations exceeding 5% of the utility's capacity. It is expected that future wind generation can comprise up to 15% of a utility's capacity which points to an even greater need for the development of control practices. The study was carried out by simulating wind power variations from various configurations of MOD-2 (with a capacity of 2 MW) wind turbine arrays during local storms. An existing wind data set collected at 27 meteorological measurement sites located in a square area of 128 km on a side was used to study the effects of spatial and temporal wind speed variations during storms. Wind power variations of individual units, arrays, and a series of multiple arrays are presented. It is shown that wind power variations of single arrays will be above 60% of capacity over a period of 15 min. Widely separated arrays reduce power variations but do not eliminate a high percentage of capacity changes in a 15-min period. Cyclic variation on a single unit due to turbulence is large as a percentage of capacity but does not produce large power variations as a percentage of multiple array power capacity.
MR Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging offers the potential for measuring brain perfusion in acute stroke patients, at a time when treatment decisions based on these measurements may affect outcomes dramatically. Rapid advancements in both acute stroke therapy and perfusion imaging techniques have resulted in continuing redefinition of the role that perfusion imaging should play in patient management. This review discusses the basic pathophysiology of acute stroke, the utility of different kinds of perfusion images, and research on the continually evolving role of MR perfusion imaging in acute stroke care.
Segmental nonanastomotic bronchial stenosis after lung transplantation.

Abstract Background . Nonanastomotic distal bronchial stenosis has been observed in some patients after lung transplantation. We investigated its relationship with acute cellular rejection (ACR), infection, and ischemia. Methods . Between January 1994 and December 1997, 246 lung transplantations were performed at our hospital. These cases were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated to identify those patients with nonanastomotic bronchial stenosis. Results . Six patients had bronchial stenosis within the grafted airway distal to the uninvolved anastomotic site. The average ACR before stenosis was 1.9 compared with 1.6 in a control group. ACR at the time of first recognition of the stenosis ranged from A2 to A3.5, with an average value of A2.9. All 6 patients demonstrated alloreactive airway inflammation before and at the time of stenosis. Four patients had evidence of ischemic damage in the perioperative period. Conclusions . Segmental nonanastomotic large airway stenosis after lung transplantation should be assessed separately from anastomotic complications. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, certainly one should consider alloreactive injury, ischemic damage, and infection as individual and coercive causes.
Asymmetric leakage in (Ba, Sr)TiO3 nanoparticle/parylene‐C composite capacitors

Nanoparticle polymer composite capacitors have been examined for some time as a route to high performance, printable capacitors. One approach to creating these compo- sites is to use a particle film together with vapor deposited polymers, which can yield high performance, but also forms a structurally asymmetric device. The performance of a nano- particle (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST)/parylene-C composite capacitor is compared to that of a nanoparticle BST capacitor without the polymer layer under both directions of bias. The composite device shows a five orders of magnitude improvement in the leakage current under positive bias of the bottom electrode relative to the pure-particle device, and four orders of magni- tude improvement when the top electrode is positively bi- ased. The voltage tolerance of the device is also improved and asymmetric (44 V vs. 28 V in bottom and top positive bias, respectively). This study demonstrates the advantage of this class of composite device construction, but also shows that proper application of the device bias in this type of asym- metrical system can yield an additional benefit. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 000: 000-000, 2012
A 2-year longitudinal study of overdenture patients. Part I: Incidence and control of caries on overdenture abutments

1. The development of caries on overdenture abutments is a significant problem. In the patients examined, a high incidence of caries was noted at each recall. While few teeth were lost due to caries (none by first recall, none by second recall, and four by third recall), many teeth can eventually deteriorate and be lost (Fig. 7). 2. Caries can develop in a short period of time as shown by the results of the initial examination (caries present 2 to 8 months after insertion of the overdenture). 3. Some patients seem to be caries susceptible, as shown by the recurrence of caries, notwithstanding caries removal from the overdenture teeth at each recall. For example, a large percentage of patients with caries at the 1-year recall also had caries at the 2-year recall. 4. Patients who were placed on fluoride solution and/or had teeth treated with silver nitrate had a significant decrease in caries when compared to those who received no treatment or were placed on a placebo. 5. Fluoride caused some irritation or burning sensation in tissues of several patients. This was relieved in several patients by a decrease in the frequency of application from daily to 2 to 3 times a week.
Factors influencing the atomization of vanadium in graphite furnace AAS

Abstract We have made the determination of V conform to the requirements of the modern (stabilized temperature) furnace technology where the integrated absorbance (A·s) signals are used to quantitate analyte volatilized into a chamber whose temperature is relatively constant during the period when the analyte peak is measured. Graphite tubes with good pyrolytic coating and fast (maximum power) heating are required. We explored the advantages of specially designed tubes, of a cool-down procedure between the char and atomization steps and of very thin platforms. We found that Mg(NO 3 ) 2 was advantageous as a matrix modifier. With these conditions we found no problems with several matrices reported by earlier workers to be troublesome, for example HNO 3 , phosphate, Fe, Mg and Ca. However metals that form very refractory carbides, such as La, Mo, W and Zr may remain troublesome for V, probably because mixed carbides result which include VC. A group of geological samples was analysed for V. Our recommendation is the use of wall atomization from tubes with good pyrolytic coatings, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 as a matrix modifier and the cool-down procedure to establish a nearly constant temperature along the tube.
On the feasibility of spatial multiplexing for indoor 60 GHz communication

We investigate spatial multiplexing in the sparse multipath environment characteristic of beamsteered indoor 60 GHz links. The small carrier wavelength implies that large spatial multiplexing gains are available even under line of sight (LOS) conditions for nodes with form factors compatible with consumer electronics devices such as set-top boxes and television sets. We present a transceiver architecture that provides both highly directive beams and spatial multiplexing, and model its performance for a typical in-room communication link. We evaluate the performance of a simple scheme using a fixed constellation, transmit beamsteering and MMSE reception. The performance is benchmarked against transmit precoding along the channel eigenmodes without a constellation constraint. We observe that, for a relatively small transmit power per antenna element (achievable, for example, in low-cost CMOS processes), the spatial multiplexing gain is robust to LOS blockage and to variations in the relative locations of the transmitter and receiver in the room.
Situational approach to assessment of guilt: Development and validation of a self-report measure

The present research developed and evaluated a self-report measure of guilt that encompassed diverse, typical guilt experiences. Behavior-analytic procedures were employed to construct the Situational Guilt Scale (SGS), in which 22 items assessed anticipated guilt feelings for a wide range of naturally occurring specific situations. The SGS was administered to young-adult college students (mean age, 24 years), along with measures of guilt in traditional moral contexts, depressive tendencies, and socially desirable responding. A test-retest study of the SGS was separately conducted. Results indicated that SGS scores had statisfactory internal consistencies and considerable stability. Correlational findings and comparisons of SGS scores in a typology of depressive experience showed relationships of SGS guilt scores with dependent and self-critical tendencies and support the validity of the measure. The findings and utility of the SGS are discussed.
A review of grinding technologies for glass machining

In this paper, a brief review of glass grinding is made. First, the properties of various glasses are introduced. Grinding technique is defined. Then the mechanisms of materials removal from glasses are presented. Then, ultra-precision grinding of glasses is described. We also discuss the relatively new grinding technology of electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) for glass machining. For glasses which are hard and brittle, the coarse grinding should be controlled under ductile mode as much as possible so that the ground surfaces could be damage-free. Ultra-precision grinding for glass is really the right direction to obtain high quality surfaces because a subsequent lapping or polishing procedure is not required. ELID grinding is a self-sharpening process. It can grind glasses efficiently with high precision.
Final state spectra in a multiperipheral model

Abstract Using an integral equation technique based on the multiperipheral model, we study various properties of the spectrum of secondaries in high-energy inelastic collisions. From the basic properties of the multiperipheral model, we derive several results about single particle momentum spectra, and multiplicity of secondaries. We initiate an extension of our method to multiparticle correlations by calculating the average invariant mass of neighbors on the multiperipheral chain.
The Effects of Inorganic Solid Particles on Water and Crude Oil Emulsion Stability

Small inorganic particles strongly enhance water−crude oil emulsion stability when interactions with asphaltenes promote particle adsorption at the oil−water interface. A variety of particle types have been studied to investigate the controlling factors for particle-stabilization effectiveness. Emulsion stabilities were determined by the extent of water resolved after centrifugation and the electric field required for emulsion breakdown. All particles used were hydrophilic and stabilized oil-in-water emulsions if small enough to be interfacially active. When dried and exposed to asphaltene-containing oil phases, the particles stabilized water-in-oil emulsions. Decreased extents of preadsorbed water, decreased particle sizes, and increased particle concentrations enhanced water-in-oil emulsion stability. Investigations with model emulsions showed that an intermediate state of asphaltene aggregation, near the point of incipient precipitation, is required for particle modification and emulsion stabilization....
Anomalous Gray Matter Structural Networks in Major Depressive Disorder

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by abnormalities in structure, function, and connectivity in several brain regions. Few studies have examined how these regions are organized in the brain or investigated network-level structural aberrations that might be associated with depression. Methods: We used graph analysis to examine the gray matter structural networks of individuals diagnosed with MDD (n ¼ 93) and a demographically similar healthy comparison group (n ¼ 151) with no history of psychopathology. The efficiency of structural networks for processing information was determined by quantifying local interconnectivity (clustering) and global integration (path length). We also compared the groups on the contributions of high-degree nodes (i.e., hubs) and regional network measures, including degree (number of connections in a node) and betweenness (fraction of short path connections in a node). Results: Depressed participants had significantly decreased clustering in their brain networks across a range of network densities. Compared with control subjects, depressed participants had fewer hubs primarily in medial frontal and medial temporal areas, had higher degree in the left supramarginal gyrus and right gyrus rectus, and had higher betweenness in the right amygdala and left medial orbitofrontal gyrus. Conclusions: Networks of depressed individuals are characterized by a less efficient organization involving decreased regional connectivity compared with control subjects. Regional connections in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex may play a role in maintaining or adapting to depressive pathology. This is the first report of anomalous large-scale gray matter structural networks in MDD and provides new insights concerning the neurobiological mechanisms associated with this disorder.
Spatial patterns of soil moisture connected to monthly-seasonal precipitation variability in a monsoon region

[1] The relations between monthly-seasonal soil moisture and precipitation variability are investigated by identifying the coupled patterns of the two hydrological fields using singular value decomposition (SVD). SVD is a technique of principal component analysis similar to empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). However, it is applied to two variables simultaneously and is capable of extracting spatial patterns of one variable which are closely connected to variability of the other. Simulation is performed with a regional climate model to reproduce soil moisture and precipitation in east Asia. It is found that, of a number of leading soil moisture SVD patterns, those representing meridional anomalies have closer relationships to subsequent precipitation variability. The corresponding atmospheric variability is characterized by opposite anomalies between the middle and low troposphere and by comparable anomalies between the middle and low latitudes. These patterns occur more frequently during spring and summer. The time lag correlations of the SVD expansion series with soil moisture leading precipitation are much greater than those of the original data series and EOF expansion series, suggesting that predictability of monthly-seasonal precipitation variability could be improved by using soil moisture in the form of its coupled SVD patterns with precipitation.
Expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 is associated with an increased risk of death in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background Constitutive activation of STAT5 (by phosphorylation) has been identified in a number of malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Objectives We investigated whether the level of phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) expression correlates with clinical outcome in AML. Methods Adult patients with newly diagnosed AML receiving induction chemotherapy and with an available diagnostic bone marrow were evaluated. Results Forty-two percent of patients had pSTAT5 expression >0 on immunohistochemical analysis of fixed bone marrow core biopsies. In multivariable analyses, controlling for age, history of antecedent hematologic disorder, cytogenetic risk, and WBC at diagnosis, pSTAT5 expression was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.19–3.23, P = 0.008) and of relapse after achieving complete remission (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16–4.63, P = 0.018). Conclusions Validation of pSTAT5's prognostic value requires additional study in a larger group of uniformly treated patients. However, our data suggests that targeting this signaling pathway in AML may improve the outcome of patients.
Respiratory morbidity in workers exposed to asbestos in the primary manufacture of building materials.

Former employees (214) of a plant that manufactured asbestos-containing building materials (wallboard and acoustic tile) from 1958 through 1974 were screened for asbestos-related pulmonary disease. Results are presented on 182 union members whose names appeared on a 1966 seniority list in one of six departments believed to have had substantial asbestos exposure. The study population demonstrated a high frequency of pulmonary abnormalities often associated with asbestos exposure: low mean forced vital capacity percent of predicted (FVC % predicted), low mean forced expiratory volume at one second percent of predicted (FEV1 % predicted), presence of parenchymal abnormalities (40.1% with profusion scores of 1/0 or higher), and 30.5% with bilateral pleural abnormalities on chest roentgenograms. In addition, râles in two or more locations were found in 22.8% on examination of the chest, 30.6% gave a history of chronic bronchitis, and 34.8% of dyspnea grade two or higher. Calculated asbestos exposure scores, based upon participant recall, were not found to be associated with these abnormalities. The abnormal findings were not adequately explained by potential confounders such as cigarette smoking. Other notable findings in this study include the presence of smoking-adjusted decrements in pulmonary function associated with moderate profusion scores (i.e., 1/0 and 1/1) and the presence of a substantial degree of obstructive lung disease (19.2%) in this population.
Regulation of nitrate reductase in the mycorrhizal ascomycete Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae

The regulation of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.3) in the mycorrhizal ascomycete Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae was studied with the aim of improving understanding of nitrate assimilation in mycorrhiza. It was possible to study induction, de-repression and repression of NR individually and in combination by utilizing the neutral nitrogen source urea. The NR activity required specific induction by nitrate and was not present in de-repressed urea grown cultures. The induction of NR by nitrate required de novo protein synthesis as it was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Both ammonium and glutamine in the medium repressed the NR activity. The repression by ammonium appeared to require its assimilation since treatment of mycelia with l -methionine- dl -sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, reduced ammonium repression. These studies demonstrated that the regulation of NR in Wilcoxina is unlike the constitutive and non-repressible NR reported in mycorrhizal basidiomycetes.
Centrifuge model experiments to determine ice forces on vertical cylindrical structures

Abstract Laboratory tests were conducted under unit gravity and high inertial acceleration conditions to determine ice crushing forces on rigid isolated vertical cylindrical structures. The technique of dimensional analysis was used to establish non-dimensional parameters that fully describe the ice crushing phenomenon. The non-dimensional parameters identified incorporate the force on the structure, the compressive strength of the ice, the floe velocity, the structure size relative to the ice crystal size and ice thickness, and the inertial acceleration field induced by the centrifuge employed in the test program. The test results indicate that very small-scale model tests can accurately describe large scale ice forces on rigid vertical cylindrical structures if proper consideration is given to the structure size relative to the ice thickness and crystal size. Further, the results obtained in the study are valid for both non-saline and saline ice if the respective ice uniaxial compressive strengths are employed.
Dissociating the detection of intentionality from animacy in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus

Certain motion patterns can cause even simple geometric shapes to be perceived as animate. Viewing such displays evokes strong activation in temporoparietal cortex, including areas in and near the (predominantly right) posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These brain regions are sensitive to socially relevant information, but the nature of the social information represented in pSTS is unclear. For example, previous studies have been unable to explore the perception of shifting intentions beyond animacy. This is due in part to the ubiquitous use of complex displays that combine several types of social information, with little ability to control lower-level visual cues. Here we address this challenge by manipulating intentionality with parametric precision while holding cues to animacy constant. Human subjects were exposed to a “wavering wolf” display, in which one item (the wolf) chased continuously, but its goal (i.e., the sheep) frequently switched among other shapes. By contrasting this with three other control displays, we find that the wolf9s changing intentions gave rise to strong selective activation in the right pSTS, compared with (1) a wolf that chases with a single unchanging intention, (2) very similar patterns of motion (and motion change) that are not perceived as goal-directed, and (3) abrupt onsets and offsets of moving objects. These results demonstrate in an especially well controlled manner that right pSTS is involved in social perception beyond physical properties such as motion energy and salience. More importantly, these results demonstrate for the first time that this region represents perceived intentions beyond animacy.
Blood-flow models of the circle of Willis from magnetic resonance data

Detailed knowledge of the cerebral hemodynamics is important for a variety of clinical applications. Cerebral perfusion depends not only on the status of the diseased vessels but also on the patency of collateral pathways provided by the circle of Willis. Due to the large anatomical and physiologic variability among individuals, realistic patient-specific models can provide new insights into the cerebral hemodynamics. This paper presents an image-based methodology for constructing patient-specific models of the cerebral circulation. This methodology combines anatomical and physiologic imaging techniques with computer simulation technology. The methodology is illustrated with a finite element model constructed from magnetic resonance image data of a normal volunteer. Several of the remaining challenging problems are identified. This work represents a starting point in the development of realistic models that can be applied to the study of cerebrovascular diseases and their treatment.
Scalar U( N) QCD in the large- N limit

Abstract The large- N limit of scalar U( N ) QCD in two dimensions is derived by a hamiltonian method.
Limitation on image resolution imposed by a random medium

In underwater photography, it was reported that clear photographs were obtained through water with large (10–15) optical distances even though the MTF rolls off at a few cycles per mrad. This paper presents an explanation of this apparent contradiction by showing that at a large optical distance where the total coherent intensity is negligibly small compared with the total incoherent intensity, it is still possible to form the Airy disk due to the coherent intensity. We present the condition under which this can take place and applied the results to an imaging system in still water and in water with particulate matter.
Dynamic nonlinear pricing: Biased expectations, inattention, and bill shock

Abstract Recent research highlights the importance of biased expectations and inattention for nonlinear pricing in dynamic environments. Findings are: (1) Three-part tariffs, such as cellular service contracts, exploit consumer overconfidence. (2) Surprise penalty fees may be used to further exploit biased beliefs or alternatively to price discriminate more efficiently whenever consumers are inattentive. (3) Implementing the recent bill-shock agreement between cellular carriers and the FCC is predicted to harm rather than help consumers when endogenous price changes are taken into account.
Spin Wave Spectra of Magnetite

Expressions for spin wave energies in normal and inverse spinel have been obtained which are exact to all orders in the spin wave momentum. These dispersion curves have been compared with existing experimental data on magnetite and good agreement found if the principal exchange interaction is taken to be 2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ eV. The surprisingly small range of validity of the usual ${k}^{2}$ approximation is pointed out and possible effects of the deviation from ${k}^{2}$ behavior on the magnetic part of the heat capacity are discussed. The small (like-like) exchange interactions have been included (also to all orders in the spin-wave momentum) with the most important result that agreement with the experimental dispersion curves is improved.
CEO turnover around earnings restatements and fraud

Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether restatement firms with certain restatement characteristics are more likely to have chief executive officer (CEO) turnover within a year of the restatement announcement, and whether these same firms are later subject to regulatory action by the US Securities and Exchange Commission.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis uses a logistic regression to test a sample of firms that restated earnings during the years 1996‐1999.Findings – The results show significant associations between measures of the severity of earnings restatement and the probability of CEO turnover. Also, restatement firms with CEO turnover are more likely to be issued an SEC Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release in the years after the restatement, indicating that financial fraud has occurred.Research limitations/implications – The results may not generalize to a more recent time period because the sample of firms is from the 1996‐1999 time period.Originality/value – This stud...
A model for array-based approximate arithmetic computing with application to multiplier and squarer design

We propose a general model for array-based approximate arithmetic computing to trade off accuracy for significant reduction in energy consumption, which is realized by identifying input signatures for efficient compensation of approximation errors. Under this model, our approximate 16×16 bits fixed-width Booth multiplier consumes 44.96% and 28.33% less energy and area compared with the most accurate fixed-width Booth multiplier. Furthermore, it reduces average error, max error and mean square by 10.46%, 30.77% and 21.26%, respectively, when compared with the best reported approximate design. Using the same approach, significant energy consumption, area and error reduction is achieved for a squarer unit.
Determination of sulfur contaminants in military jet fuels

Abstract Military jet fuel samples have been characterized by gas chromatography with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector and a mass spectrometer (GC–SCD–MS). Sixteen distinct organosulfur compounds were quantified in the jet fuel samples. The structures and the concentrations for seven of them are determined in this study. Although the total sulfur content of jet fuel varies from sample to sample, the individual organosulfur distribution remains unchanged for six jet fuel samples obtained over a 4-year period. The two major sulfur compounds are determined to be 2,3-dimethylbenzothiophene and 2,3,7-trimethylbenzothiophene. These two major compounds are determined to be good representative compounds in jet fuel surrogates for computational studies of jet fuel catalysis such as JP-8 reformation.
Chant Therapy For Treating Vocal Fatigue Among Public School Teachers

Voice therapies have proven to be an effective method of helping patients avoid the symptoms of vocal fatigue. This study assesses the effect of a chant-based therapy on self-perceptive symptoms of...
Building both technology-intensive and technology-limited clusters by emerging research universities: The Toledo example

Abstract Universities have been instrumental in supporting and advancing industry clusters for many decades, long before cluster-based economic development strategies became popularized. Universities through their research programs, academic programs, faculty consulting and other activities have been a resource to support industry clusters even when the university themselves took little effort to promote cluster development as part of the university mission. As universities embrace economic development and regional engagement as part of their overall mission, universities are taking more active positions to advance new clusters or support existing clusters. This paper compares the role of one university, The University of Toledo, in supporting an emerging technology cluster in solar energy that draws upon the University’s assets in research, technology transfer, and incubation, and the older greenhouse industry that has more modest links to the University’s research and technology programs. It is shown that even a modest-sized research University can advance both types of clusters through active cluster management supported at the highest levels of the institution.
Ethnic-Racial Socialization and Adjustment Among Latino College Students: The Mediating Roles of Ethnic Centrality, Public Regard, and Perceived Barriers to Opportunity

Parents' efforts to socialize their children around issues of ethnicity and race have implications for well-being in several life domains, including academic and psychological adjustment. The present study tested a multiple mediator model in which parental ethnic-racial socialization was linked to psychological adjustment through two dimensions of ethnic identity (ethnic centrality and public regard) as well as two types of perceived barriers to opportunity (language and economic). Data were drawn from a sample of Latino students (N = 227; 65% women) attending a highly selective university. Results suggest that cultural socialization was related to self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and physical symptoms, and that part of its association with self-esteem was mediated by ethnic centrality beliefs. In contrast, preparation for bias had few direct associations with adjustment in this sample; this type of ethnic-racial socialization primarily functioned through its association with public regard and perceived language barriers to upward mobility. Moreover, in predicting self-esteem, public regard and perceived language barriers exhibited equally important roles as mediators of preparation for bias. These findings extend previous research, and implications for future research on ethnic-racial socialization among Latinos are discussed.
Prescott's Paradigm: American Historical Scholarship and the Decline of Spain

I believe the Spanish subject will be more new than the Italian, more interesting to the majority of readers, more. useful to me by opening another & more practical department of study, & not more laborious, in relation to the authorities to be consulted, and not more difficult to be discussed, with the lights already afforded me by judicious treatises on the most intricate parts of the subject, and with the allowance of the introductory year for my novitiate in a new walk of letters. The advantages of the Spanish topic, on the whole, overbalance the inconvenience of the requisite preliminary year.
A Mathematical Model of Condensation Heat and Mass Transfer to a Moving Droplet in its Own Vapor

A mathematical model appropriate for predicting condensation heat and mass transfer rates along the surface of a droplet moving in pure vapor is developed. A Karman-Pohlhansen type of integral approach was adopted for the solution of vapor-phase boundary layer equations. The diffusion-dominated internal core was solved using a finite difference numerical scheme. The rate-controlling mechanism of pure vapor condensing on a droplet was found in the thermal core region of the liquid phase where the streamlines correspond to the isotherms and diffusion is the primary transport mechanism. The total rate of heat transfer is found to be inversely proportional to the droplet radius. The condensation velocity at the vapor-liquid interface reduces the boundary layer thickness and moves the separation point toward the rear stagnation point. The internal motion also helps increase the transport rates by reducing both the boundary layer thickness and thermal resistance in the liquid phase. The results predicted by this model compare favorably with available experimental values.
Influence of employment characteristics on postpartum mothers' health

SUMMARY Background/Purpose: Over half of mothers with infants under one year are employed. This study explored the work experiences of women who returned to employment during the first year and the relationship of employment characteristics to maternal health. Design/Methods: Longitudinal, repeated measures during pregnancy and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Data on employment characteristics and health status gathered between 1990–95 by questionnaire from 149 employed, partnered women residing in a large urban area in the northwestern United States. Results: Work-family interference increased significantly between pregnancy and each postpartum occasion (p < .001). Between 19–34% of the variance in health status at each measurement occasion was explained by employment characteristics. Work-family interference consistently contributed to the variance in health status. Conclusions: New models are needed to further understand the complex interplay of work and family lives.
Modeling Spatial Patchiness and Hot Spots in Stated Preference Willingness to Pay

Stated preference analyses often impose strong assumptions regarding spatial welfare distributions that can influence the validity of welfare analysis and aggregation. These include spatial homogeneity and continuous distance decay. Global assumptions such as these are increasingly questioned by non-economics disciplines in favor of approaches that allow for local patchiness. Drawing from this literature, this article proposes methods to identify and evaluate hot spots in stated preference welfare estimates using local indicators of spatial association. Methods are illustrated using geocoded choice experiment data addressing river restoration. Results suggest the presence of statistically significant, non-continuous patterns overlooked by current approaches.
Internet monitoring of an instrumented civil structure

Routine acquisition of data from instrumented civil structures need not require onsite presence. We have developed a sensor interrogation method which utilizes the Internet global computer network as the information conduit from sensor(s) to user. It is therefore possible for the data monitoring to be performed at a remote location with the only requirements for data acquisition being Internet accessibility. Such a system may prove quite advantageous when a single user, or small group, is required to acquire and analyze data from several instrumented structures which are geographically very separated. In this developed system, it is possible to remotely acquire raw sensor data as well as realtime video/audio images of the current status at the instrumented structure.
Interaction of two touching spheres in a viscous fluid

Abstract The nature and effects of contacts between suspended particles were studied through a process in which a heavy sphere falls past a light sphere in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number. Teflon and nylon spheres were used for the heavy and light spheres, respectively, with natural surface roughness and with the nylon sphere artificially roughened. Because of the existence of microscopic roughness on the sphere surfaces, the particles are able to make physical contact, breaking the symmetry of the trajectory predicted by hydrodynamic theory for smooth spheres. The experimental results are compared with numerical results calculated according to the theory of Davis (Phys. Fluids A 4 (1992) 2607), with a particular focus on the rotational velocities of the spheres. The numerical results from the roll/slip model provide the best fit of the experimental data. Instead of locking together like a rigid body and rotating together, two spheres initially roll without slipping and then roll with slipping after the maximum friction force is reached.
The possible metabolic role of C37 alkenones in Emiliania huxleyi

Abstract Ratios of C37 alkenones (U37K′ratios) produced by the haptophyte microalgae Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica are often used as proxies for past sea surface temperatures. Previous studies suggested that these lipids might be either membrane molecules or metabolic storage molecules. In order to assess their cellular role, we cultured two strains of E. huxleyi at 12:12 and 0:24 light/dark cycles (North Pacific clone 55a and Sargasso Sea clone BT6). For both strains, alkenone concentrations (ng/ml) generally increased through both logarithmic and stationary phase in cultures with 12:12 light/dark cycles. This pattern of increasing concentration closely resembles the pattern of increasing triacylglycerol concentration observed in cultures of other marine phytoplankton. Triacylglycerols are used as metabolic storage molecules by many marine algae, but are under-represented or absent in E. huxleyi. When the E. huxleyi cultures were placed in continuous darkness, their alkenone concentrations fell. These findings, that alkenones increase in abundance from logarithmic to stationary phase and decrease in concentration when E. huxleyi is energy-deprived, suggest that Emiliania huxleyi uses alkenones for metabolic storage. Alkenone unsaturation (U37K′) ratios changed only slightly during net alkenone degradation in our dark experiments (by −0.035 and +0.046 U37K′ units in the dark incubations of BT6 and 55a, respectively), suggesting that metabolic utilization of C37 alkenones by E. huxleyi is unlikely to be a major source of uncertainty for paleotemperature estimation. If C37 alkenones are primarily used for metabolic storage, the temperature dependence of their unsaturation may result from differences in melting point, density, or enzymatic optima of biochemical pathways of the differently saturated alkenones.
Hindutva, Mythistory, and Pseudoarchaeology

Abstract This essay elucidates ideologically-inspired interpretations of the South Asian archeological record, particularly by those called Hindutvādins, and those who write about (and against) them. I first survey briefly the chief points in the history of archaeology in examining the Indus Valley Civilization. Next, I describe some of the major controversies that reflect claims of Hindutva pseudoarchaeology in the South Asian context. Throughout, I illustrate the increasingly virulent interactions between Hindutva proponents, indigenist theorists, and academic interpreters, and what these debates foretell of the future of Indus Valley studies.
Effect of temperature on high fluence transition metal implants into polycrystalline aluminum

Abstract Polycrystalline aluminium was implanted with 150 keV titanium ions (Ti+), manganese ions (Mn+) and nickel ions (Ni+) at 100 and 623 K, with fluences ranging from 0.6 × 1017 to 1.1 × 1018 ions cm−2. At the higher temperature the implanted elements penetrated to regions much deeper than the projected range, the largest effect being observed for the manganese implants. The low temperature implants did not introduce important diffusion effects, with the exception of the nickel implants at a fluence of 9 × 1017 ions cm−2. In contrast, they led to higher concentrations of the transition metals. The measured depth distributions of the implanted species are discussed in terms of radiation-enhanced diffusion, radiation-induced segregation, sputtering and phase formation. In most cases the formation of the aluminium-richest transition metal-aluminium crystalline phase was observed. The production of the crystalline NiAl3 and MnAl6 phases by ion implantation at 100 K is reported here for the first time. These phases were previously found to be unstable under irradiation. Their formation is interpreted considering the depth distributions of damage and transition metals.
The use of a novel cross-linking procedure in demonstrating the subunit structure of an oligomeric protein by negative staining

A highly purified cytochrome P-450 obtained from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria has been intramolecularly cross-linked in a novel procedure. Cross-linking the cytochrome by this procedure has permitted determination of the geometry of its subunit arrangement by electron microscopy. Thus, when cytochrome P-450 molecules which were not cross-linked were negatively stained and examined in the electron microscope, only irregularly shaped structures, devoid of apparent symmetry, were seen in the micrographs. On the other hand, when the cross-linked cytochrome was examined by negative staining, some of the micrograph images could be readily identified as oligomeric forms of the protein in which the subunits were symmetrically arranged in square and rectangular arrays. The symmetrical images are thought to be projections of native geometrical subunit arrangements which have been stabilized by the cross-linking reaction against surface tension and other disruptive forces attendant to the negative staining technique. Conversion of the cytochrome to high molecular weight cross-linked species was verified by dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, since the cross-linking reaction is a random process, a molecule may be cross-linked in different ways. Only some of the cross-linked cytochrome molecules retain their native subunit geometry when stained, indicating that highly specific modes of cross-linking are required for structural stabilization. The cross-linking procedure is of a general nature and can be used with other proteins which suffer distortion in structure as a consequence of the negative staining process.
An event of distinct ion polar rain

Although the comparatively featureless polarcap precipitation phenomenon of the electron polar rain has been known and studied since the work of Winningham and Heikkila [1974], to date there has been almost no work concerning ion polar rain, apparently because of its low intensity. This report documents a clear instance of ions at magnetosheath energy levels, precipitating in the manner characteristic of polar rain at flux levels of ⪍ 109 eV/cm² -s- sr—a flux about 10 times larger than that reported in the only previously published discussion of ion polar rain [Hardy et al., 1986]. A Maxwellian distribution with a temperature of 230 eV and a density of 0.02/cm³ fits the ion polar rain reasonably well. The comparatively high intensity permits verification that the strong dayside-nightside gradient expected and observed in electron polar rain also occurs in the ion polar rain, and that the sign of the dawn-dusk gradient was appropriate for the IMF By component at the time. A fairly typical (somewhat intense) electron polar rain accompanied the ion polar-cap precipitation, displaying the same gradients as the ions.
Structural and electronic properties of aqueous NaCl solutions from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with hybrid density functionals

Abstract We present a study of a dilute solution (1 M) of NaCl in water, carried out using ab initio molecular dynamics with semilocal and hybrid functionals. We showed that the structural and electronic properties of the solute and the solvent are the same as those obtained in the infinite dilution limit, i.e. for aqueous ions in the presence of a uniform compensating background. Compared to semilocal functionals, simulations with hybrid functionals yield a less structured solution with a smaller number of hydrogen bonds and a larger coordination number for the Cl − anion. In addition, hybrid functionals predict qualitatively correct positions of the energy levels of the ions with respect to the valence band of water.