cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-Abelian hybrid fracton orders

We introduce lattice gauge theories which describe three-dimensional, gapped quantum phases exhibiting the phenomenology of both conventional three-dimensional topological orders and fracton orders, starting from a finite group $G$, a choice of an Abelian normal subgroup $N$, and a choice of foliation structure. These hybrid fracton orders, examples of which were introduced in a previous paper [Tantivasadakarn et al., Phys. Rev. B 103, 245136 (2021)], can also host immobile, pointlike excitations that are non-Abelian, and therefore give rise to a protected degeneracy. We construct solvable lattice models for these orders which interpolate between a conventional, three-dimensional $G$ gauge theory and a pure fracton order, by varying the choice of normal subgroup $N$. We demonstrate that certain universal data of the topological excitations and their mobilities are directly related to the choice of $G$ and $N$, and also present complementary perspectives on these orders: certain orders may be obtained by gauging a global symmetry which enriches a particular fracton order, by either fractionalizing on or permuting the excitations with restricted mobility, while certain hybrid orders can be obtained by condensing excitations in a stack of initially decoupled, two-dimensional topological orders.
Abstract 124: Plasma Biomarkers of inflammation Reflect Seizures and Hemorrhagic Activity of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations

Introduction: The clinical course cerebral of cavernous malformations (CCMs) is highly variable, with a limited number of recent studies querying factors associated with disease severity. We hereby...
Evaluation of a Refined Implantable Resonator for Deep-Tissue EPR Oximetry in the Clinic

(1) Summarize revisions made to the implantable resonator (IR) design and results of testing to characterize biocompatibility; (2) Demonstrate safety of implantation and feasibility of deep tissue oxygenation measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. In vitro testing of the revised IR and in vivo implantation in rabbit brain and leg tissues. Revised IRs were fabricated with 1–4 OxyChips with a thin wire encapsulated with two biocompatible coatings. Biocompatibility and chemical characterization tests were performed. Rabbits were implanted with either an IR with 2 oxygen sensors or a biocompatible-control sample in both the brain and hind leg. The rabbits were implanted with IRs using a catheter-based, minimally invasive surgical procedure. EPR oximetry was performed for rabbits with IRs. Cohorts of rabbits were euthanized and tissues were obtained at 1 week, 3 months, and 9 months after implantation and examined for tissue reaction. Biocompatibility and toxicity testing of the revised IRs demonstrated no abnormal reactions. EPR oximetry from brain and leg tissues were successfully executed. Blood work and histopathological evaluations showed no significant difference between the IR and control groups. IRs were functional for up to 9 months after implantation and provided deep tissue oxygen measurements using EPR oximetry. Tissues surrounding the IRs showed no more tissue reaction than tissues surrounding the control samples. This pre-clinical study demonstrates that the IRs can be safely implanted in brain and leg tissues and that repeated, non-invasive, deep-tissue oxygen measurements can be obtained using in vivo EPR oximetry.
Anaerobic bacterial responses to carbonaceous materials and implications for contaminant transformation: Cellular, metabolic, and community level findings.

Abstract Carbonaceous materials (CM) enhance the abundance and activity of bacteria capable of persistent organic (micro)pollutant (POP) degradation. This review synthesizes anaerobic bacterial responses to minimally modified CM in non-fuel cell bioremediation applications at three stages: attachment, metabolism, and biofilm genetic composition. Established relationships between biological behavior and CM surface properties are identified, but temporal relationships are not well understood, making it difficult to connect substratum properties and “pioneer” bacteria with mature microorganism-CM systems. Stark differences in laboratory methodology at each temporal stage results in observational, but not causative, linkages as system complexity increases. This review is the first to critically examine relationships between material and cellular properties with respect to time. The work highlights critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to accurately predict microorganism-CM behavior and to tailor CM properties for optimized microbial activity, critical frontiers in establishing this approach as an effective bioremediation strategy.
NOTES: Cholecystectomy (U.S. Experience)

Medicine has taken an enormous step from the performance of life-saving open procedures to minimally invasive surgery that assures not only survival, but also a relatively good quality of life. The general acceptance of laparoscopic surgery has made many procedures less invasive, safer, and cosmetically more acceptable. The idea of scarless surgery has now become a great challenge for the whole medical environment.
Sensitivity of the California Current nutrient supply to wind, heat, and remote ocean forcing

A regional ocean model is used to evaluate the roles of wind, surface heat flux, and basin-scale climate variability in regulating the upwelled nitrate supply in the California Current. A strong positive trend in nitrate flux from 1980 to 2010 was driven almost entirely by enhanced equatorward winds, negating a weak negative trend associated with increased surface heat flux. Increased upwelling and nitrate flux are consistent with cooler surface temperatures and higher phytoplankton concentrations observed over the same period. Changes in remote ocean forcing, resulting primarily from basin-scale climate variability (e.g., El Nino–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation), drive considerable interannual fluctuations and may dominate the ecosystem response on interannual to decadal time scales. However, comparison with previously published findings suggests that local wind intensification persists through changing basin-scale climate regimes. Understanding the different time scales of variability in forcing mechanisms, and their interactions with each other, is necessary to distinguish transient ecosystem impacts from secular trends.
Acute alcoholic myopathy. Enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopic findings.

Abstract Five cases of acute alcoholic myopathy were studied by light microscopy and histochemical techniques. Three cases were studied by electron microscopy. The findings were uniform showing rhabdomyolysis and chronic interstitial inflammation. Type I fibers were predominantly affected with patchy loss of oxidative enzyme activity in some fibers. The electron microscopic observations disclosed conspicuous mitochondrial abnormalities, characterized by partial or total dissolution of mitochondria with disorganization and swelling of the cristae. Bizarre paracrystalline rectangular inclusions as well as amorphous osmiophilic inclusions were noted in some degenerating mitochondria. It was concluded that such enzyme histochemical and mitochondrial changes form a non-specific response to a variety of agents injurious to skeletal muscle.
Testing the relationship between work and health: A bivariate hazard model

Abstract A bivariate hazard model which allows the hazards to be correlated shows that decisions about work and health are significantly related. Failure to take the correlation into account will cause selectivity bias.
The technology tour de force of the Human Genome Project

The monumental task that entailed the sequencing of the human genome required rapid improvements to the technology that underlies large-scale DNA sequencing. As such, the efforts of many groups of biochemists, molecular biologists, engineers, and bioinformaticians, working both in academia and industry, were required. This article provides a brief overview of some of the key developments in technology that helped to fuel the increased scale of this critical scientific endeavor. Keywords: Human Genome Project; DNA sequencing technology
The AmericaView classification methods accuracy comparison project: A rigorous approach for model selection

Abstract Evaluation of classification methods, whether in connection with the development of new methods or in an application setting, has been hampered by the lack of availability of adequate data and an approach for comparisons. We collected 30 mostly moderate-resolution, multispectral datasets to enable statistically rigorous comparisons of methods and have made those datasets available for other researchers. We developed a methodological approach to comparing classification methods and demonstrated the approach using six methods, C5.0, classification tree analysis, logistic model trees, multivariate adaptive regression splines, random forest, and support vector machines. We also demonstrated how these data and this approach can be used to address specific questions in addition to overall accuracy performance, including the relative effects of using derived components and ancillary data and the relative success in classifying rare classes. Most methods performed best by at least one metric with at least one dataset. Therefore, although random forest on average performed statistically significantly better than the other methods tested, we do not recommend this method as the sole option currently in remote sensing. Rather, our results suggest that remote sensing analysts should evaluate multiple methods with respect to any classification project, which can be accomplished through statistical software packages.
Orientational dependence of intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) signal from tendon tissue.

The proton signal changes as the long axis of tendon tissue is rotated with respect to the main magnetic field (B0). The orientational changes in the tendon signal obtained using the correlation spectroscopy revamped by asymmetric z-gradient echo detection (CRAZED) sequence, which allows the effects of intermolecular dipolar interactions to be observed, were investigated and compared with the orientational changes of the signals produced using correlation spectroscopy (COSY), spin-echo (SE), and one-pulse sequences. The intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) signal obtained using the CRAZED sequence showed a variation in the signal from tendon tissue, with sharper peaks and greater relative differences between minimum and maximum signal values compared to the variations in the signal obtained from the COSY, SE, and one-pulse sequences. This result is attributed to the orientational dependence of the transverse relaxation rate of single (SQC) and double (DQH) quantum coherences R2 and R2,2, respectively. Magn Reson Med 53:1183–1186, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Statistics, Attributes, and the Dynamics of Burin Typology

Exploring the dynamics of typological patterning in stone tools requires analytic approaches for quantitatively manipulating attributes. Building upon the work of A. Spaulding, the present author, and many others, this paper outlines one such approach based upon contingency table analysis, which is designed to meet the needs of the practicing lithic typologist while calling for little statistical expertise. Its use is illustrated by an examination of the dynamics of morphological patterning among dihedral and truncation burins. The results obtained serve as a basis for examining some of the key issues involved in pursuing lithic typology and understanding its behavioral background.
Preoperative evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography arthrography. Evaluation in 25 baseball players with surgical confirmation

A prospective study was completed on 25 baseball players with medial side elbow pain. They were evaluated preoperatively with both computed tomography arthrogram and magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the elbow to assess the ulnar collateral ligament. At surgery, 16 of 25 patients had an abnormal ulnar collateral ligament and 9 patients had a normal ulnar collateral ligament. The computed tomography arthrogram detected abnormalities in 12 of the 14 patients with ulnar collateral ligament tearing (sensitivity, 86%). The magnetic resonance imaging scan indicated abnormalities in 8 of 14 patients (sensitivity, 57%). The specificity of the computed tomography arthrogram was 91% and the magnetic resonance imaging was 100%. A newly described "T-sign" was seen on the computed tomography arthrogram in the patients with an undersurface tear of the ulnar collateral ligament. This represented the dye leaking around the detachment of the ulnar collateral ligament from its bony insertion but remaining contained within the intact superficial layer of the ulnar collateral ligament and capsule. Both the computed tomography arthrogram and the magnetic resonance imaging scan were accurate in diagnosing a complete tear of the ulnar collateral ligament preoperatively in all cases. The main advantage of the computed tomography arthrogram was in evaluating the partial undersurface tear.
Neural Networks for Multiobjective Adaptive Structural Control

The concept of using neural networks to predict future values of constrained performance variables as part of an adaptive structural controller is proposed. Neural networks are first trained using simulated responses and then they are used in simulations with input disturbances having different frequency contents. Because of this, as well as other factors, one or more prespecified constraints may be violated. The neural networks are designed to permit predictions of these unsafe vibration levels, stresses, actuator saturations, etc., before they can occur. To prevent their occurrence, the control laws may be adaptively tuned, maximizing safety and reliability. To illustrate the proposed methodology, numerical examples are shown using linear quadratic Gaussian control of a simple example three-story building model subjected to earthquake excitation, with an active brace used for control. Elman neural networks are chosen, filtered white noise is used as the input disturbance for training, and actual earthqu...
Whatever happened to cell-bound antibodies? On the overriding influence of dogma.

For over 75 years, only humoral antibodies were known to mediate immunological specificity. The apparent absence of these in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions was perplexing, and the dominant dogma of antibodies led to some curious hypotheses.
Multiple Roles for Enterococcus faecalis Glycosyltransferases in Biofilm-Associated Antibiotic Resistance, Cell Envelope Integrity, and Conjugative Transfer

ABSTRACT The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the limited availability of new antibiotics are of increasing clinical concern. A compounding factor is the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms (communities of cells encased in a protective extracellular matrix) that are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that readily forms biofilms and also has the propensity to acquire resistance determinants via horizontal gene transfer. There is intense interest in the genetic basis for intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in E. faecalis, since clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics are not uncommon. We performed a genetic screen using a library of transposon (Tn) mutants to identify E. faecalis biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance determinants. Five Tn mutants formed wild-type biofilms in the absence of antibiotics but produced decreased biofilm biomass in the presence of antibiotic concentrations that were subinhibitory to the parent strain. Genetic determinants responsible for biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance include components of the quorum-sensing system ( fsrA , fsrC , and gelE ) and two glycosyltransferase (GTF) genes ( epaI and epaOX ). We also found that the GTFs play additional roles in E. faecalis resistance to detergent and bile salts, maintenance of cell envelope integrity, determination of cell shape, polysaccharide composition, and conjugative transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10. The epaOX gene is located in a variable extended region of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen ( epa ) locus. These data illustrate the importance of GTFs in E. faecalis adaptation to diverse growth conditions and suggest new targets for antimicrobial design.
Mechanism and inhibition of cytochrome P-450 aromatase

Compilation de 81 references recentes orientees principalement sur la diminution du taux d'œstrogenes par inhibition de leur biosynthese
Model Tests of Load Transmission Through Grounded Ice Rubble

A model test series has been performed to look at the load distribution through newly formed grounded ice rubble. In the tests, a section of a vertical-sided Arctic structure was built above a submerged berm. Both the structure and the berm were instrumented independently of one another so that the load apportioning through the rubble to the berm and structure could be determined. The results have important implications in the design loads of Arctic structures built on submerged berms.
Cooperative infrared to visible upconversion and visible to near-infrared quantum cutting in Tb and Yb co-doped glass containing Ag nanoparticles

Tb, Yb, and Ag co-doped glass nano-composites were synthesized in a lithium-lanthanum-aluminosilicate glass matrix (LLAS) by a melt-quench technique. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were formed in the glass matrix and confirmed by optical absorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Plasmon enhanced luminescence was observed. Cooperative infrared to visible upconversion and visible to near-infrared quantum cutting were studied for samples with different thermal annealing times. Because the Yb3+ emission at 940 - 1020 nm is matched well with the band gap of crystalline Si, the quantum cutting effect may have its potential application in silicon-based solar cells.
Cardenolides from Asclepias asperula subsp. Capricornu and A. Viridis

Abstract 6′- O -( E -4-hydroxycinnamoyl) Desglucouzarin, the first cardenolide containing a cinnamoyl ester moiety, has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the milkweed, Asclepias asperula . In addition, five known cardenolides were isolated and identified from A. asperula and A. viridis .
Accumulations of cyclic AMP and inositol phosphates in guinea pig cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes: enhancement by agents acting at sodium channels

Abstract Activation of α 1 -adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine in guinea pig cortical synaptoneurosomes augments accumulations of cyclic AMP elicited by 2-chloroadenosine and concomitantly increases formation of inositol phosphates. Various agents that effect calcium channels or sites of action of calcium have little or no effect on cyclic AMP accumulation elicited either with 2-chloroadenosine, or with a 2-chloroadenosine/norepinephrine combination, nor did they markedly affect formation of inositol phosphates elicited by norepinephrine. However, EGTA reduces both cyclic AMP accumulation and inositol phosphate formation. Agents such as batrachotoxin, scorpion ( Leiurus ) venom and pumiliotoxin B that are active at voltage-dependent sodium channels enhance accumulations of cyclic AMP and inositol phosphates. These effects are blocked by tetrodotoxin. It is proposed that enhanced influx of sodium ions increases phosphatidylinositol metabolism, resulting information of diacylglycerols and inositol phosphates, and that the former, through activation of protein kinase, causes an enhancement of cyclic AMP accumulations in brain tissue.
Bunker C fuel oil reduces mallard egg hatchability

Recent studies have shown that microliter amounts of petroleum applied externally to the egg surface are extremely toxic to developing embryos of a variety of bird species. Five microliters of No. 2 fuel oil, South Louisiana crude oil, or Kuwait crude oil reduced hatchability of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs under laboratory conditions by at least 68%. The present study was designed to test the effect of Bunker C fuel oil on mallard egg hatchability.
The effect of crosslinking on thermal and mechanical properties of perfluorocyclobutane aromatic ether polymers

As the minimum features in semiconductor devices decrease, it is a new trend to incorporate copper and polymers with dielectric constant less than 3.0 to enhance the performance of the devices. Two fluorinated polymers, poly(biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl ether) (BPFCB) and poly(1,1,1-triphenyl ethane perfluorocyclobutyl ether) (PFCB), are newly developed polymers with dielectric constants below 3.0. These two polymers have a similar backbone structure, but PFCB has the capability of crosslinking. To know the implications of these two polymers in the semiconductor industry, properties that are important for the integral reliability of Integral Circuits (IC), such as thermal and mechanical properties, should be understood. This comparative study shows that the crosslinking in perfluorocyclobutane aromatic ether polymer can reduce vertical thermal expansion and increase glass transition temperature (T g ) while water absorption, crystalline-like phase, and dielectric constant are slightly increased.
Effects of current velocity on development and survival of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, embryos

The influence of current velocity on the survival and development of lingcod embryos was investigated in the field and laboratory. Examination of egg masses at five lingcod spawning sites indicated that embryo mortalities were high (up to 95%) at low-current sites because of inadequate ventilation and resulting hypoxia. Development of embryos near the center of poorly ventilated egg masses was retarded relative to development of embryos near the periphery. Hatching of embryos from poorly ventilated eggs was protracted; embryos from the interior of egg masses hatched later and were significantly smaller than embryos from eggs near the periphery. Oxygen levels measured in egg masses at low-current velocity sites during tidal flow average 16% air saturation, corresponding to a Median Tolerance Limit (LT50) of about 73 h. Oxygen levels measured in egg masses at high-current velocity sites during slack water average 69% air saturation, a level that did not adversely affect the embryos. Current velocities of 10–15 cm s−1 were needed to maintain interstitial oxygen levels in egg masses near that of the ambient water. Water movement may be an important stimulus for spawning site selection by lingcod. In areas where tidal currents were weak, spawn deposition occurred in shallow water where waves and vertical tide motion created water movement. In areas where tidal currents were strong, spawns were consistently deposited in deeper water.
HIV, ABC and DHS: age at first sex in Uganda

Although the DHSs for Uganda provide evidence of an upward trend in age at first sex between 1995 and 2000, they also provide evidence of bias in either response or sample membership sufficient to offset all evidence of trend for men and much of the evidence for women. These data therefore do not provide evidence that Ugandans are responding to the HIV epidemic by prolonging abstinence. The Abstain-Be-Faithful-Condoms (ABC) approach to prevent HIV emphasises the delaying of age at first sex. To investigate adoption of the ABC approach, Zaba et al 1 estimated the median age at first sex from the DHSs. They inferred that this median has increased. Gersovitz,2 however, showed that the bias in response could account for the deferral of first sex in several DHSs. This paper scrutinises two DHSs for Uganda, an oft-cited example of the success of ABC,3 and argues against the findings of Zaba et al . With two surveys for one country at different times and questions about age at first sex, one can estimate trends in age at first sex and bias in respondents’ answers over time. The trend can be calculated as the difference in proportions in two surveys of men or women whose age falls in a fixed interval, and who report being virgins before a particular age. To exclude people with the same year of birth (same cohort) from both proportions and to avoid attenuating any trend, the age range should not exceed the difference in time between surveys. As the interest is about populations and different respondents were selected with different probabilities, proportions and significance tests should use sample weights. As sampling used clusters, significance tests should adjust for correlation among the answers of respondents from the same cluster (SVYMEAN command of the STATA program). As …
Virtuousness Is Necessary for Genuineness in Corporate Philanthropy

This article comments on P. C. Godfrey's article, "The Relationship Between Corporate Philanthropy and Shareholder Wealth: A Risk Management Perspective." The author feels that Godfrey's approach suggests that the perception of genuineness is necessary for any relationship between moral capital and corporate philanthropy. An organization's responsiveness to the needs of its stakeholders does not necessarily indicate that they are genuine in their motives. The author notes that a stakeholder's assessment of a firm and their motives may shape their future dealings with that firm.
CLINICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS OF BENIGN NEUTROPENIA OF CHILDHOOD AND NEUTROPENIA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA

Chronic neutropenia of childhood and neutropenia associated with hypogammaglobulinemia may have autoimmune etiologies. We observed 9 patients with isolated neutropenia and 5 boys with neutropenia associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Both types of patients presented between 4 and 24 months of age with recurrent otitis media, skin infections caused by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa or Candida and chronic diarrhea. Only the 5 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia developed invasive infections such as bacterial pneumonias and sepsis due to pseudomonas and clostridia. No patients developed an invasive infection while receiving gammaglobulin. No demargination was observed after epinephrine, and no sustained response occurred with steroid therapy. Anti-neutrophil antibodies were not detected in 10 of 12 patients. All patients with hypogammaglobulinemia had elevated percents of T4 lymphocytes. Marrow aspirates showed deficiency of granulocytes beyond the myelocyte or metamyelocyte stage. Ultrastructural studies showed reduction in secondary granules and increased lucency of primary granules. However, myeloperoxidase content was normal by electronmicroscopy. This morphologic appearance may represent accelerated neutrophil senescence. Analysis of both the clinical course and laboratory findings in patients with isolated neutropenia, or with neutropenia associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, thus revealed no distinguishing characteristics. Neutropenia may have a common pathogenesis in both groups of patients.
Mapping the reading circuitry for skilled deaf readers: an fMRI study of semantic and phonological processing.

Abstract We examined word-level reading circuits in skilled deaf readers whose primary language is American Sign Language, and hearing readers matched for reading ability (college level). During fMRI scanning, participants performed a semantic decision (concrete concept?), a phonological decision (two syllables?), and a false-font control task (string underlined?). The groups performed equally well on the semantic task, but hearing readers performed better on the phonological task. Semantic processing engaged similar left frontotemporal language circuits in deaf and hearing readers. However, phonological processing elicited increased neural activity in deaf, relative to hearing readers, in the left precentral gyrus, suggesting greater reliance on articulatory phonological codes, and in bilateral parietal cortex, suggesting increased phonological processing effort. Deaf readers also showed stronger anterior–posterior functional segregation between semantic and phonological processes in left inferior prefrontal cortex. Finally, weaker phonological decoding ability did not alter activation in the visual word form area for deaf readers.
Cell-mediated immunity to myelin basic protein in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Encephalitogenic myelin basic protein, the antigen responsible for induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in animals, induced a significant proliferative lymphocyte response in the cells of five of eight patients in the acute stages of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a possible clinical counterpart of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. No significant response was noted in patients recovered from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis nor in patients with multiple sclerosis or other neurologic diseases nor in normal controls. No circulating antibody to myelin basic protein was detected in the sera of any patients or controls. These findings suggest that cell-mediated immunity to myelin basic protein is a concomitant of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Reliability of III-V devices - The defects that cause the trouble

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Highlights? Mechanisms of hot electron degradation in HEMTs. ? Defects responsible for recoverable degradation in HEMTs. ? Defects responsible for non-recoverable degradation in HEMTs. Degradation of electronic devices by hot electrons is universally attributed to the generation of defects, but the mechanisms for defect generation and the specific nature of the pertinent defects are not known for most systems. Here we describe three recent case studies in III-V high-electron-mobility transistors that illustrate the power of combining density functional calculations and experimental data to identify the pertinent defects and associated degradation mechanisms. In all cases, benign pre-existing defects are either depassivated (irreversible degradation) or transformed to a metastable state (reversible degradation).
Roles for geographers in the international tourist industry

Abstract International tourism is an industry that is second only to petroleum as a commodity in world trade. There are many positions available in the international tourist industry to geographers who wish to pursue them. Nearly every geographic specialization, topical or regional, can be accomodated. There are opportunities for members of the discipline with experience ranging from the undergraduate to the post-doctoral levels in research and planning, information and marketing services, and technical services. Types of activities include development research and planning, location analysis, teaching, cartography, and others.
Maintenance infliximab infusions forever

The authors undertook a randomized controlled trial to assess the benefit of maintenance infliximab therapy in patients with active Crohn's disease defined as having a Crohn's Disease Activity Index 220. Initially, 573 patients were given a single dose of infliximab. The 335 patients (58%) who responded (Crohn's Disease Activity Index decrease of >70 points) to this treatment at 2 wk were then randomized to receive repeat infusions of placebo at wk 2 and 6 and then every 8 wk thereafter until wk 46 (group I), repeat infusions of 5 mg/kg of infliximab (group II), or 5 mg/kg of infliximab at wk 2 and 6 followed by 10 mg/kg (group III). The prespecified coprimary endpoints were the proportion of patients who responded at wk 2 and were in remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index <150) at wk 30 and the time to loss of response up to wk 54 in patients who responded.
Broadband performance of a patterned piezoelectric energy harvester integrated with a continuous elastoacoustic mirror

In this work we explore efficient transformation of broadband wave energy into low-power electricity using patterned polymer piezoelectrics integrated with an Elliptical Acoustic Mirror (EAM) configuration. The mirror under consideration features a semi-elliptical continuous mirror with a rectangular arrangement of harvesting material overlapping the geometrical focus of the mirror. Spatial and temporal transformation of the wave propagation field into the frequency-wavenumber domain is performed in order to identify the wavenumber content inside the mirror region. A frequency-domain Root-Mean-Square (RMS) evaluation is then applied in order to guarantee broadband harvesting characteristics to the resulting Distributed Harvester (DH). Computational modeling and experimental testing are employed to quantify performance enhancement of the presented approach in the 20-120 kHz range, where broadband focusing characteristics of the continuous EAM are confirmed experimentally. Additionally the patterned configuration with proper wiring results in substantial power enhancement over 20-60 kHz, i.e. the neighborhood of the center frequency used in its Fourier transform-based design.
High-Resolution Microwave and Infrared Molecular-Beam Studies of the Conformers of 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane

High-resolution microwave and infrared molecular-beam spectra have been measured for 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134). For the higher energy, polar, C2 symmetry, gauche conformer, microwave spectra have been recorded for the normal and mono-13C isotopomers and analyzed to determine a C-C bond length of 1.512(4) A, in good agreement with a recent ab initio value (MP2/6-31G**) of 1.515 A [S. Papasavva, K. H. Illinger, and J. E. Kenny, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 10100-10110 (1996)]. A tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser and electric-resonance optothermal spectrometer have been used to measure the infrared spectrum of the nu6, C-C stretch of the gauche conformer near 906 cm-1. Microwave-infrared double resonance and precise ground state combination differences provided by the microwave measurements guide the assignment of the spectrum. The observation of a c-type spectrum definitively establishes that the upper state vibration is of A symmetry in the C2 point group. The spectrum is fit to a Watson asymmetric-top Hamiltonian to a standard deviation of 0.24 MHz. A weak perturbation shifts the line positions for transitions near J = Kc = 20 by as much as 12 MHz. The identity of the perturber is unknown. Pulsed slit-jet diode-laser spectra have been recorded for the nu16 vibration of the anti conformer near 1127 cm-1. An a- and c-type hybrid band is observed, consistent with a Bu symmetry mode. Previous low-resolution studies have attributed the 1127-cm-1 mode to either a Bu or an Au symmetry vibration. A total of 522 nonblended transitions were assigned and fit to determine ground and excited state constants. The ground state constants of A = 5134.952(65) MHz, B = 3148.277(27) MHz, and C = 2067.106(43) MHz are the first experimental determinations of the rotational constants for this conformer. Here, type A standard uncertainties are given in the parentheses. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Mechanism of the carbonatation shrinkage of lime and hydrated cement

Carbonatation of hydrated lime compacts produces shrinkage and changes in mechanical properties comparable with those found in similarly treated compacts of bottle-hydrated cement and samples of hardened Portland cement paste. From experimental results obtained with the simpler lime system a mechanism for carbonatation shrinkage is proposed that postulates a through-solution reaction and induced cycles of wetting and drying. Experiments on compacts of bottle-hydrated cement show that carbonatation of the ‘combined lime’ is at least as rapid and extensive as the carbonatation of the ‘free lime,’ and that contrary to current opinion the former reaction results in even greater carbonatation shrinkage. The mechanism for carbonatation shrinkage of this system is considered to be connected with dehydration and polymerisation of the hydrous silica product of carbonatation.
Colored de Bruijn Graphs and the Genome Halving Problem

Breakpoint graph analysis is a key algorithmic technique in studies of genome rearrangements. However, breakpoint graphs are defined only for genomes without duplicated genes, thus limiting their applications in rearrangement analysis. We discuss a connection between the breakpoint graphs and de Bruijn graphs that leads to a generalization of the notion of breakpoint graph for genomes with duplicated genes. We further use the generalized breakpoint graphs to study the Genome Halving Problem (first introduced and solved by Nadia El-Mabrouk and David Sankoff). The El-Mabrouk-Sankoff algorithm is rather complex, and, in this paper, we present an alternative approach that is based on generalized breakpoint graphs. The generalized breakpoint graphs make the El-Mabrouk-Sankoff result more transparent and promise to be useful in future studies of genome rearrangements.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced reduction of adenosine deaminase activity in vivo and in vitro

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent immunosuppressant in several animal species. The purpose of this study was to determine if TCDD affected the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA), a purine metabolizing enzyme that is vital to the proper functioning of the immune system. The effect of TCDD on ADA activity was studied in various tissues of male Balb/c mice (a TCDD-responsive strain) and DBA/2 mice (a less-responsive strain). Of the tissues examined after administration of TCDD in vivo (115 micrograms/kg, i.p.), ADA activity was found to be significantly reduced in thymic and splenic tissues of Balb/c mice at 24 hours postadministration. The enzyme activity in these affected tissues remained consistently low through 10 days postadministration. Such an effect of TCDD was both dose and time related in the thymic tissue of Balb/c mice. In contrast, no appreciable alterations in ADA activity were evident in any of the tissues of DBA/2 mice at any of the sampling intervals, indicating that such an effect of TCDD is likely to be mediated through the Ah receptor. This in vivo effect of TCDD on thymic ADA activity was also reproducible in situ where isolated whole thymuses were directly incubated with 10 nM TCDD. In this model, TCDD's effects on ADA activity were antagonized by known protein kinase or phosphorylation inhibitors such as quercetin, genistein, tyrphostin, and neomycin. These results indicate that the effect of TCDD on ADA activity in the thymus may be related to its property to elevate protein kinase activities in this tissue. ADA activity was also reduced in 3T3 cells that were treated with 10 nM TCDD in a low (1%) serum media. In contrast, 25 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF) under such conditions consistently stimulated ADA activity. Interestingly, EGF at a similar concentration failed to elicit a stimulatory effect on ADA activity when cells were pretreated with TCDD. The property of TCDD to lower ADA activity under in vivo, in situ, as well as in vitro conditions appears to be largely related to its action to modulate protein phosphorylation activities.
A model calculation on the chemisorption of aluminum on graphite

Abstract Atomic chemisorption on the basal plane of graphite has been modelled with a finite-size cluster of carbon atoms. The interaction with an A1 atom has been studied extensively using different computational methods, involving large basis sets and electron correlation. The non-planarity of a clean graphite surface is found to be a very important factor determining the most stable chemisorption site, as well as the chemisorption bond energy. The large reconstruction of the graphite surface in the presence of an A1 atom is a striking result of this study.
High prevalence of substance use disorders among adolescents who use marijuana and inhalants

Abstract Background: We examined the association between the use of inhalants, marijuana, and other drugs and recent DSM-IV substance use disorders among adolescents aged 12–17 years. Methods: Data were drawn from 2000 to 2001 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse. Adolescents aged 12–17 years who reported having ever used an illicit drug in their lifetime were categorized into four mutually exclusive groups: inhalant users (16%), marijuana users (53%), inhalant and marijuana users (16%), and other drug users (15%). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations with recent substance use diagnoses among lifetime adolescent drug users (N = 10,180). Results: We found that 31% of lifetime drug users reported having never used marijuana. One half of these atypical drug users were predominantly nonmedical users of pain relievers. Adolescents who used inhalants or other drugs but not marijuana were least likely to report multidrug use. Adolescents who reported using both inhalants and marijuana were most likely to use three or more classes of drugs (73%) and to receive a diagnosis of past year alcohol (35%) and drug (39%) abuse or dependence. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that among lifetime adolescent drug users, those who use both inhalants and marijuana are at very high risk for alcohol and drug use disorders.
Classic detective puts his finger on the clue

A fictional gumshoe was first to pick up the intriguing criminal potential of 'gummy fingers'.
An Amplitude-Independent Nanosecond Timing Discriminator for Fast Photomultipliers

A circuit has been developed which reduces amplitude-dependent timing errors to less than 0.2 nsec over a dynamic amplitude range of more than 100 to 1. The anode signal is clipped, and a pedestal added, allowing adjustment of the discriminator to the true "zero-crossing" point. Tunnel diodes are used as threshold devices and pulse shapers. A version of this circuit adapted to RCA-2067 photomultipliers is described which features a pulse-recognition threshold variable from < 1 to 10 mA and a pulse-pair resolution of < 15 nsec. In tests performed with a mercury-light pulser and in coincidence experiments with plastic scintillation counters, the time delay through this discriminator was found to be essentially independent of the signal amplitude over the linear range of the photomultipliers.
A POLYTROPIC MODEL FOR THE HELIUM SHELL FLASH

A model consisting of two polytropes is constructed, to represent a helium core of a star during the helium shell flash occurring at the onset of helium burning in a degenerate core. The maximum temperature reached during the flash can be predicted as a function of core mass and mass inside the helium burning shell. This temperature will generally be too low for the production of neutrons out of 14N. Some additional results on the helium shell flash in a star of 1.3 M| are also presented. Since the first numerical results on stellar evolution through the helium flash were published by Schwarzschild and H~irm (1962), this part of stellar evolution computa- tions has been known for its numerical difficulties. These are caused by a short evo- lutionary timescale in the central part of the star in contrast to slow changes in the rest of the star. Following the evolution timestep by timestep one has to choose a certain chemical composition and mass for the stellar model and for another set of these parameters the computations must be repeated. This was done by Schwarz- schild and Hfirm in several papers (H/irm and Schwarzschild, 1964, 1966). A com- pletely different approach, which avoids these time-consuming computations, is the use of polytropic models. These were used by Sugimoto (1964), to calculate models for the helium flash as a function of core mass. Including the weak interaction neutrino processes leads to a different kind of helium flash, burning in a shell around the center (Thomas, 1965). This introduces the mass inside this shell as a new parameter, which enters the helium flash computations. The polytropic model presented here provides an answer to the question, how changes in this mass value change the behavior of the flash. But first some results using corrected neutrino rates are given, as obtained with the method described in Thomas (1967) (referred to as paper I). These cover the phase from the beginning of the flash until shortly after the top of the flash, which is defined by the maximum rate of nuclear energy generation. Because energy generation depends on density, too, this is not identical with the maximum temperature reached during the flash. The stellar model has a total mass of 1.3 M@ and a chemical composition, X=0.9, Z=0.001, the sequence leading to the flash models started at model 303 of paper I, the plasma neutrino rates being decreased by a factor of 4.
Determinants of toddlers' experience in day care: Age of entry and quality of setting.

Seventy-eight toddlers (mean age=19.2 mo.) enrolled in center or family day care or at home with their mothers were observed in order to examine determinants of individual experiences of caregiving. Three clusters of caregiver-child interaction were identified: talk and play, restrict and cry, and touch and laugh. Children at home and in day-care settings with more adults per child had higher talk and play scores than children in day-care settings with fewer adults per child. Children at home and in day-care centers with fewer adults per child had higher restrict and cry scores. Children in day-care centers with more adults per child had the highest touch and laugh scores.
The effects of the macrotetralide actin antibiotics on the equilibrium extraction of alkali metal salts into organic solvents.

In order to clarify the mechanism by which neutral molecules such as the macrotetralide actin antibiotics make phospholipid bilayer membranes selectively permeable to cations, we have studied, both theoretically and experimentally, the extraction by these antibiotics of cations from aqueous solutions into organic solvents. The experiments involve merely shaking an organic solvent phase containing the antibiotic with aqueous solutions containing various cationic salts of a lipid-soluble colored anion. The intensity of color of the organic phase is then measured spectrophotometrically to indicate how much salt has been extracted. From such measurements of the equilibrium extraction of picrate and dinitrophenolate salts of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and NH4 into n-hexane, dichloromethane, and hexane-dichloromethane mixtures, we have verified that the chemical reactions are as simple as previously postulated, at least for nonactin, monactin, dinactin, and trinactin. The equilibrium constant for the extraction of each cation by a given macrotetralide actin antibiotic was also found to be measurable with sufficient precision for meaningful differences among the members of this series of antibiotics to be detected. It is noteworthy that the ratios of selectivities among the various cations were discovered to be characteristic of a given antibiotic and to be completely independent of the solvent used. This finding and others reported here indicate that the size and shape of the complex formed between the macrotetralide and a given cation is the same, regardless of the species of cation bound. For such “isosteric” complexes, notable simplifications of the theory become possible which enable us to predict not only the electrical properties of a membrane made of the same solvent and having the thinness of the phospholipid bilayer but also, and more importantly, the electrical properties of the phospholipid bilayer membrane itself. These predictions will be compared with experimental data for phospholipid bilayer membranes in the accompanying paper.
129Xe NMR spectroscopy on molecular sieves SAPO-37, AIPO4-5, SAPO-5 and SSZ-24

Xe NMR spectroscopy is used to study SAPO-37, NaY, AlPO4-5, SAPO-5, and SSZ-24. Of these samples, those with FAU topology show that the129Xe chemical shift is dependent upon framework composition while the materials with API topology do not. Values of the129Xe NMR chemical shifts at zero xenon pressure cannot be correlated with the size of the framework void space.