cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interactive effect of Gestalt situations and arousal seeking tendency on customers' emotional responses: matching color and music to specific servicescapes

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the interactive effect of Gestalt versus non‐Gestalt situations, and arousal seeking tendency (AST) on customers' pleasure and arousal with matching color and music to hotel bars and hotel guest rooms; thereby providing guidance for service providers.Design/methodology/approach – This is an experimental design study with four treatments. Fictitious hotel bar and guest room video clips were created with the appropriate manipulation of color schemes and music as independent variables. After the video clip was shown, subjects were asked to complete a survey instrument. The hypothesized model was then tested.Findings – The results showed that the interactive effect of Gestalt versus non‐Gestalt, and AST on an individual's pleasure and arousal are both positive and statistically significant. As an individual's AST increases, both the arousal score and pleasure score increased in Gestalt situations (dynamic bar and tranquil guest room) and decreased in non‐Gestalt situat...
Molecular evolution of the maize sex-determining gene TASSELSEED2 in Bouteloua (Poaceae).

Abstract The majority of angiosperms produce hermaphrodite flowers, while a lesser number (20–30%) produce unisexual flowers. Little is known about the molecular biology of sex-determination in angiosperms, however, a few sex-determining genes have been cloned from the model system Zea mays. One of these genes is Tasselseed2 (Ts2) which has been shown to be involved in the arrest of developing pistils in male flowers. In this study, we sequenced a putative homologue of Ts2 in species of Bouteloua, a genus in the grass subfamily Chloridoideae. We found significant genetic variation at Ts2 in Bouteloua relative to other developmental genes characterized in maize and other grass species. We also found that in Bouteluoua, Ts2 is evolving non-neutrally in the hermaphrodite-flowered Bouteloua hirsuta while no difference from neutral expectation was detected at Ts2 in the monoecious/dioecious Bouteloua dimorpha. The putatively neutral gene Alcohol Dehydrogenase1 (Adh1) was also examined for the same species of Bouteloua, and no departure from neutral expectation was detected. Our results suggest that purifying selection may be acting on Ts2 in the hermaphrodite-flowered B. hirsuta while no evidence of selection was detected at Ts2 in the monoecious/dioecious B. dimorpha.
Microbial desalination cells for energy production and desalination

Abstract Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are a new, energy-sustainable method for using organic matter in wastewater as the energy source for desalination. The electric potential gradient created by exoelectrogenic bacteria desalinates water by driving ion transport through a series of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). The specific MDC architecture and current conditions substantially affect the amount of wastewater needed to desalinate water. Other baseline conditions have varied among studies making comparisons of the effectiveness of different designs problematic. The extent of desalination is affected by water transport through IEMs by both osmosis and electroosmosis. Various methods have been used, such as electrolyte recirculation, to avoid low pH that can inhibit exoelectrogenic activity. The highest current density in an MDC to date is 8.4 A/m2, which is lower than that produced in other bioelectrochemical systems. This implies that there is a room for substantial improvement in desalination rates and overall performance. We review here the state of the art in MDC design and performance, safety issues related to the use of MDCs with wastewater, and areas that need to be examined to achieve practical application of this new technology.
Determinants of states' welfare expenditures

Abstract Regression analysis is used to “explain” public welfare expenditures by states from 1946 through 1987. Explanatory variables include the need for public assistance, taxpayer willingness to provide aid, the level of economic activity, categorical welfare grants to state governments, the method of assuming the financial burden of providing for public welfare and partisanship. The group of explanatory factors collectively accounts for virtually all of the variation of the dependent variable, while permitting tests for a variety of hypotheses.
Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drugs Using Nanocarriers

The most prevalent form of cancer treatment used today is chemotherapy, although it is widely known to be associated with frequent, high dosages and unwanted side effects. The application of nanocarriers to conventional cancer treatment aims to address these problems by encapsulating chemotherapeutic drugs within polymer or lipid nanoparticles. These drug delivery nanoparticles, known as nanocarriers, work to increase the stability and circulation time of drugs and can be used to target specific areas. This project aims to fabricate nanocarriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in order to address the current problems of chemotherapy. These nanocarriers will reduce side effects and issues of conventional dosage forms by targeting tumor sites, releasing drug specifically and only where it is needed.
Are Teen Unemployment Rates Influenced by State Minimum Wage Laws

ABSTRACT Several recent studies have challenged the conventional notion that raising the minimum wage has negative labor market consequences. In particular, most recent minimum wage research has considered teen employment, with virtually no examination of unemployment rates. Given the conflicting findings in the recent literature, this study reconsiders this issue by examining the minimum wage's influence on teen unemployment rates. The empirical analysis considers state data from the latter 1980s, a unique period where many states raised their minimum wage above the federal level. The results suggest that both a greater minimum wage rate and greater minimum wage coverage increase teen unemployment rates. Further evidence suggests that employment declines outweigh teen labor force reductions, suggesting that increases in unemployment are primarily caused by labor demand shifts. Thus, policy makers should weigh these costs in deciding future minimum wage hikes.
Yawning and thermoregulation in budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus

Yawning is a widespread behavioural response expressed in all classes of vertebrates. There is, however, little agreement on its biological significance. One current hypothesis states that yawning serves as a thermoregulatory mechanism that occurs in response to increases in brain and/or body temperature. The brain-cooling hypothesis further stipulates that, as ambient temperature increases and approaches (but does not exceed) body temperature, yawning should increase as a consequence. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 20 budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus, through the manipulation of room temperature. Birds were exposed to three separate conditions (control temperature (22 °C), increasing temperature (22–34 °C), and high temperature (34–38 °C)) in a repeated measures design, with each condition lasting 21 min. The incidence of yawning differed significantly across conditions (4.20 ± 2.39 yawns per bird in the increasing temperature condition, compared to 2.05 ± 1.90 and 1.25 ± 0.72 yawns per bird, in the high temperature and control conditions, respectively). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that yawning serves a thermoregulatory function.
Orthodontic tooth movement response in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: report of case.

The characteristics and suggested treatment techniques for patients with this syndrome are discussed. The clinical manifestations and a classification o f the syndrome are presented, together with a clinical report o f orthodontic treatment.
Massive Soft Tissue Neurofibroma (Elephantiasis Neuromatosa) Case Report and Review of Literature

The authors review the literature on massive soft tissue neurofibroma. The methods included a review of 71 reports (PubMed search 1929-2012) with a total of 91 massive soft tissue neurofibroma patients and illustration of clinical and radiological progression of massive soft tissue neurofibroma on a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. The mean age at initial examination was 21 years. Tumor onset was mostly in childhood years. The commonest affected body segment was the lower extremity (46%), followed by head/neck (30%). Surgical management was pursued in the majority of cases (79%). Bleeding was a common complication (25%). Recurrence was described in 12%; multiple resections cases were described. Malignant transformation occurred in 5%. Although massive soft tissue neurofibroma may be present early in life, massive tumor overgrowth may take years. Predicting disease progression and/or benefit of surgical intervention early in the disease course is challenging. Recurrence and malignant transformation are possible. Massive soft tissue neurofibroma does not respond to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and is associated with life-threatening surgical complications.
Dynamic post-buckling characteristics of circular plates

Abstract An approximate analytic method is developed herein to study the post-buckling response of a thin elastic circular plate under the action of axisymmetric, time-dependent radial thrusts. The plate response is assumed to be in resonance with the principal mode of vibration of the plate, thereby neglecting effects associated with higher vibrational modes. It is shown that for certain simple cases of loading history and for small penetrations of the post-buckling domain, the above assumption is a valid approximation and leads to a powerful simplification in the governing equations of the problem which then reduce to a single nonlinear differential equation of the cubic order. It is the purpose of this paper to formulate this equation for which an analytical solution is then obtained. The post-buckling response of the plate under a step loading history is presented.
Androgenic Induction of α2u Globulin in Rats: Androgen Insensitivity in Prepubertal Animals

Alpha2u globulin is an androgeninducible and estrogen—repressible adult rat urinary protein of hepatic origin. Androgen treatment of immature rats of both sexes before 40 days of age does not induce α2u globulin. Administration of corticosterone along with testosterone also fails to induce α2u globulin in immature rats. Castration of newborn rats at 3 days of age does not prevent the development of androgen sensitivity after maturation. Urinary level of α2u output in adult male rats after partial hepatectomy closely follows the pattern of hepatic regeneration. From these results it is concluded that, (I) two independent events, gonadal maturation and development of androgen sensitivity in the liver cells seem to coincide around 40 days of age and, (II) once the liver cells acquire androgen—sensitivity through aging processes, the property can be transmitted from parent to daughter cells. (Endocrinology 92: 957, 1973)
Multiscale Cloud System Modeling

The central theme of this paper is to describe how cloud system resolving models (CRMs) of grid spacing approximately 1 km have been applied to various important problems in atmospheric science across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and how these applications relate to other modeling approaches. A long-standing problem concerns the representation of organized precipitating convective cloud systems in weather and climate models. Since CRMs resolve the mesoscale to large scales of motion (i.e., 10 km to global) they explicitly address the cloud system problem. By explicitly representing organized convection, CRMs bypass restrictive assumptions associated with convective parameterization such as the scale gap between cumulus and large-scale motion. Dynamical models provide insight into the physical mechanisms involved with scale interaction and convective organization. Multiscale CRMs simulate convective cloud systems in computational domains up to global and have been applied in place of contemporary convective parameterizations in global models. Multiscale CRMs pose a new challenge for model validation, which is met in an integrated approach involving CRMs, operational prediction systems, observational measurements, and dynamical models in a new international project: the Year of Tropical Convection, which has an emphasis on organized tropical convection and its global effects.
Isozymes of the sawflies Neodiprion and Diprion similis: Diagnostic characters and genetic distance

No isozyme markers distinguish between any two of the following, Neodiprion swainei, N. rugifrons or N. dubiosus. Assuming independent sorting of the ACO-A, GPD and SDH loci, N. swainei can be distinguished from the other two with a probability of 99.23% if these three loci are all used. The results from Nei's genetic distance calculation for 13 Neodiprion spp. are generally similar to previous work using morphological and geographic characters, except that: (a)N. taedae linearis and N. pratti are not as close to N. rugifrons as believed; (b)N. nanulus nanulus and N. fulviceps are closer to the other North American species in the lecontei group than they are to the Eurasian N. sertifer, and (c) there is no pattem of relationship between the sertifer group species studied.
Strength and Fracture of a Multifunctional Polystyrene Nanocomposite

A polystyrene polymer has been reinforced with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to effect multifunctional capabilities. The SWNTs are produced by the HipCo process and are subsequently dispersed in the polystyrene resin matrix. The dispersion of the SWNTs in the polystyrene is enhanced by the use of a surfactant and composite samples at 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2% 0.3% and 1.0% SWNT by weight are made. A multifunctional material is defined as a material with at least one additional property other than mechanical properties, and the desire is that the mechanical properties are not deteriorated due to the added nano-constituents. In this study SWNT reinforced polystyrene nano-composites are evaluated for their electrical conductivity as a function of SWNT weight percentage. The reinforced polystyrene nanocomposites are then evaluated for static strength, ductility and fracture properties to determine the effect of the nano-constituents on these mechanical properties.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The Economic Context of the Mexican Crisis

Abstract This paper presents a historical overview of economic reform in Mexico leading up to the financial crisis of 1994, beginning with trade policy and complementary policies for the liberalization of the domestic market. The principal outlines of macroeconomic reform and stabilization are then reviewed, leading to a brief account of the recent financial crisis and recent macroeconomic adjustment. The paper concludes with some observations about Mexico's recovery from the 1994 crisis. Este articulo presenta una perspectiva historica de las reformas economicas que llevaron a Mexico a la crisis financiera de 1994 iniciando con la politica de comercio exterior y otras politicas complementarias para la liberacion del mercado domestico. En particular, se estudian los principales elementos de la reforma macroeconomica y la estabilizacion y se conduce al lector hacia una descripcion breve de la reciente crisis financiera y sus correspondientes ajustes macroeconomicos. Finalmente, el articulo concluye con alg...
Journalism Innovation and the Ecology of News Production: Institutional Tendencies

This monograph develops and tests a news ecology model to help explain development and stasis of news forms and practices. The model predicts that emerging media form populations as they pursue similar resources and that later, forms and practices tend to become more similar and more legitimate to would-be entrants and to other institutions. The model is tested through an analysis of the health blog population and case studies of two city news environments. Results offered evidence that emerging media develop population forms that shift from an instrumental to an institutional orientation as they gain public legitimacy and become increasingly specialized.
Laser irradiation of amorphous thin films

Pulsed laser irradiation promotes thermal processes which can modify the microstructure of thin amorphous metallic or semiconducting films. Associated with these modifications are changes in most physical properties. In this paper, we review the variety of distinct processes which occur when either the duration or the intensity of the laser irradiation is varied. Relaxation phenomena, phase changes with emphasis on crystallization from the solid and liquid state, and ablation processes are addressed and illustrated by selected examples.
Building competence in pediatric end-of-life care.

Abstract Background: Pediatric end-of-life care involves multiple decision-makers including the patient, the family, and the health care provider. Although some information exists on the role of patient and family values on decision making, little is known about what influences the health care provider's decisions and performance. Objective: A survey was conducted to collect data on health care providers who provide pediatric end-of-life care to determine what factors influence provider confidence in managing eleven different end-of-life care issues. Design: An electronic 34-question survey was circulated in 2005 at a single children's hospital in Western Michigan. Results: One hundred fifty-seven responses were received. Age had the highest association with confidence. Older responders reported more confidence than their younger colleagues (odds ratio [OR] 3.3–26.1 on eight issues). Other provider factors associated with higher confidence levels included male gender (OR 3.6–11.2 on five issues), experien...
Fiber-Optic Oblate Flextensional Hydrophone

When an oblate spheroidal shell having an aspect ratio aib > (2-v)112, where v Poisson's ratio, is subject to hydrostatic compression, the semi-major, a, and semi-minor, b, axes experience strain of opposite sign. If two optical fibers, which comprise the arms of an interferometer, are wound around the equatorial and meridional circumferences of the spheroid, pressure changes induce a differential optical phase shift in the interferometer. Calculations of circumferential strain, polar and equatorial displacement, lowest natural frequency, buckling pressure, and optical pressure sensitivity of such a sensor are presented for thin shells. Sample designs based on these calculations are compared to other fiber-optic hydrophones of similar dimensions and materials. Preliminary designs will be presented.
The effects of high-nutrient urea on in vitro bullfrog fundic mucosa.

The effects of nutrient urea (240 mM) on H+ secretion, potential difference, and resistance were studied in isolated sheets of bullfrog fundic mucosa. H+ secretion was significantly reduced while transmucosal resistance was significantly increased and potential difference was significantly decreased. Measurement of CO2 utilization by, and distribution across, the mucosal sheets demonstrated that oxidative metabolism is increased (tCO2, 4.93 ± 0.2 to 5.83 ± 0.3 μmole/cm2 hr−1, P < 0.05) and that generation of protons (H+) within the oxyntic cell is stimulated (ΔCO2, 1.48 ± 0.1 to 2.22 ± 0.2 μmole/cm2 hr−1, P < 0.05, and nutrient HCO3− 1.35 ± 0.2 to 2.21 ± 0.2 μeq/cm2 hr−1, P < 0.05) in spite of paradoxically diminished H+ appearance on the secretory surface. Studies using 120 and 60 mM urea suggest that the effects may be done dependent. Results with 240 mM sucrose on the nutrient surface would indicate that those seen with urea cannot be attributed entirely to the hyperosmolality. Pretreatment of the mucosal sheets with metiamide (10−3M) resulted in the expected decrease in titratable H+ (to 0) but had no effect on urea-stimulated oxidative metabolism (tCO2, 2.09 ± 0.2 to 2.91 ± 0.4 μmole/cm2 hr−1, P < 0.02) or the generation of protons by the oxyntic cell (ΔCO2, 0.68 ± 0.1 to 1.35 ± 0.3 μmole/cm2 hr−1, P < 0.02, and nutrient HCO3− 0.83 ± 0.1 to 1.65 ± 0.3 μeq/cm2 h−1, P < 0.05). Both simultaneous or subsequent treatment with theophylline (5 × 10−3M) reversed the inhibitory effect of urea on H+ secretion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed involution of the secretory membrane following treatment with urea but maintenance of the microvillous secreting configuration of the membrane when theophylline was added to the nutrient solution. These results suggest that although nutrient urea stimulates the generation of H+ within the cell it simultaneously inhibits release of H+ by the secretory membrane. Failure to inhibit urea-stimulated generation of H+ within the cell by metiamide indicates that the increased oxidative metabolism and generation of protons stimulated by nutrient urea is probably not histamine-mediated. It is suggested that urea inhibits adenylyl cyclase and thus cAMP-mediated evolution of the secretory membrane with reduced H+ transport, an effect that can be reversed by inhibiting phosphodiesterase with theophylline.
Chelating Fluorogenic Surfactants For The Trace Detection Of Metals

Four 7-alkyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-5 sulfonates were synthesized with the alkyl chain containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms. These compounds behave as Zwitterionic surfactants in neutral solution and as anionic surfactants in alkaline solution. More importantly, the o-hydroxyquinoline functionality is a versatile chelating group. Of the many metal complexes that it forms, several are fluorescent. Micellar media frequently have great effects on fluorescence properties; this is the first time fluorescence properties of such systems have been studied in conjunction with surfactant properties such as critical micelle concentration, etc. for systematically engineered lengths of the hydrocarbon tail.
A review of ridge counting in dermatoglyphics

Abstract This paper reviews the problem of counting ridges in a digitized fingerprint and examines an interactive software system that relieves the tedium of visual inspection and standardizes the counting procedure. The software system includes digitizer, preprocessor and counter subsystems. The preprocessor smoothes and thresholds the image. The counter defines an appropriate window around the line between two user-selected points, eliminates artifacts and counts runs of zero pixels. A preliminary experiment with a counter based on the Hough transform is also briefly discussed.
Colorectal cancer screening of Californian adults of Mexican origin as a function of acculturation.

Background Californian Latinos have lower rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening compared to non-Latino whites, which may account in part for disparities in colorectal incidence trends. Methods Participants, 603 Mexican-American men and 893 women aged 50 and older who had not been diagnosed with colon cancer, reported CRC screening behavior on the 2005 California Health Interview Survey. A 7-item acculturation index (English language use/proficiency, nativity, citizenship, and years living in the U.S.) was developed. A logistic regression model predicted CRC screening as a function of acculturation. Results Higher acculturated Mexican-Americans were 3–4 times more likely to have had both fecal occult blood test and endoscopic CRC screening. Lower acculturated Mexican men and women were twice as likely to not have any CRC screening. Discussion Colorectal screening is effective in preventing cancer; educational and outreach efforts and efforts to decrease language barriers among lower-acculturated Mexican-Americans should be intensified.
Multiple Modes of Repression by the Smad Transcriptional Corepressor TGIF

TGIF is a DNA-binding homeodomain protein that has been demonstrated to play a role in transforming growth factor beta-regulated transcription and implicated in the control of retinoid-responsive transcription. We investigated the intrinsic transcriptional activity of TGIF fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. Our results demonstrate that TGIF is a transcriptional repressor able to repress transcription from several different promoters. Repression by TGIF is insensitive to the distance at which it is bound from the promoter. Moreover, the wild type TGIF effectively represses transcription when bound to its cognate DNA-binding site via its homeodomain. Deletion analysis revealed the presence of at least two separable repression domains within TGIF. Repression by one of these is dependent on the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), whereas the other appears not to require HDAC activity. Finally, we demonstrate that TGIF interacts with HDACs via its carboxyl-terminal repression domain. Together, these results suggest that TGIF is a multifunctional transcriptional repressor, which acts in part by recruiting HDAC activity.
The Evolution of a Teacher: A Two-Year Case Study

Abstract This article describes the results of a 2-year case study that focuses on a teacher, Renee, and her evolution from primarily teacher-centered practice toward more student-centered practice. The findings provide grounded theory about the process of teacher change as well as an in-depth understanding of one teacher's experience. The findings that emerged from the inquiry include a description of constraints to change Renee encounters and the factors that support changes she successfully implements. Connections are made to existing literature. Implications for staff development and teacher education programs are highlighted.
Surface photochemistry and photodesorption

Abstract Use of light to promote chemical reactions has been studied for a long time. The fact that solar energy is a primary ingredient of all forms of fuel, from combustible materials to wind power (excluding nuclear), together with the impending energy shortage has brought about a resurgence of interest in photochemistry. The development of the laser has resulted in the pursuit of new methods of isotope separation. This paper presents two new applications for light-induced reactions: surface photochemistry and photodesorption. Both are applicable to photochemical synthesis of compounds and separation of chemical or isotope mixtures. Emphasis is given to the more demanding isotope separation aspects of surface photochemistry and photodesorption. Conditions for chemical synthesis or chemical separation are treated as a logical extension of the isotope separation treatment.
Minimum Divergence Approaches for Robust Classification of Ground Moving Targets

This work addresses the problem of automatic target recognition (ATR) using micro-Doppler information obtained by a low-resolution ground surveillance radar. Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are used to represent the prior statistical information of threatening ground moving targets such as walking personnel and tracked or wheeled vehicles. A minimum divergence (MD) classification approach with a variety of distance measures is proposed. The proposed MD classification approach is robust with respect to modeling errors and can be efficiently used in low signal-to-noise (SNR) and training data deficient scenarios. The MD classifier is implemented using a variety of computationally efficient approximations of distance measures between GMMs. Performance of the MD classifier was analyzed using collected radar measurements and the influence of different distance measures and their approximations on classification performance is assessed. The proposed MD classifier outperforms the maximum likelihood (ML) classifier in low-SNR and training data deficient scenarios while providing a computationally efficient implementation.
Changes in morphological and physiological traits associated with recurrent selection for grain yield in maize

Experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 1975 and 1976 to determine changes in morphological and physiological traits associated with recurrent selection for grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.). Four variety hybrids, BSSS(R)CO x BSCB1(R)CO, BSSS(R)C7 x BSCB1(R)C7 [from a reciprocal recurrent selection program involving Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 (BSCB1)], BS12CO x B14A, and BS12C6 x B14A [from a half-sib selection program involving the open-pollinated variety Alph (BS12) and the inbred tester B14A] were grown at 59 300 and 98 800 plants/ha near Ames, Iowa We obtained data on CO2-exchange rate (an estimate of photosynthetic rate), grain yield, grain-yield components, flowering dates, maturity traits, light interception and use, shelling percentage, harvest index, and various other plant traits. CO2-exchange rate did not change appreciably with recurrent selection for yield. Grain yield per hectare and per plant were larger for the improved than unimproved hybrids. Grain-yield components did not change significantly with recurrent selection. Kernel weight of BSSS(R)C7 x BSCB1 (R)C7, however, was larger than that of BSSS(R)C0 x BSCB1(R)C0. Pollen-shed-to-silking interval was shorter for the improved than the unimproved hybrids, and grain-filling duration was longer in C7 x C7 than in C0 x C0 of the reciprocal recurrent selection program. Furthermore, improved hybrids were characterized by smaller tassels and more upright canopies. Usually, plant traits and leaf-area-related traits were similar for all hybiids. Although dry-matter productivity was similar for all hybrids, those that were improved by recurrent selection produced more grain per unit leaf area and per unit light interception. Also, BS12C6 x B14A was characterized by a higher harvest index than BS12CO x B14A. We concluded that the source (i.e., photosynthetic capacity) was not limiting grain yield in BSSS(R) x BSCB1(R) and BS12. Increased grain yields that resulted from recurrent selection were consequences of longer grain-filling duration for BSSS(R) x BSCB1(R) and increased translocation of photosynthate from source to sink for both BSSS(R) x BSCB1(R) and BS12.
Differences Between Men and Women in Dual‐Diagnosis Treatment

The authors reviewed the charts of all women and a randomly selected sample of men over a 6-month period on two addiction treatment units at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York. The men were more likely to be admitted with schizophrenia and to have used substances of abuse other than alcohol, and the women were more likely to be admitted with affective disorders. Also, the women on the dual-diagnosis ward were more likely to be domiciled (i.e., not homeless), and the women on both units were significantly more likely to report having been crime victims. These findings suggest that dually diagnosed women need a substantially different treatment paradigm from men.
Numerical simulations of periodic and chaotic responses in a stable duffing system

Abstract A stable Duffing system is examined by numerical simulations in order to obtain a better understanding of the behavior of periodic and chaotic responses to sinusoidal excitations. It is found that beside the multiplicity of responses, there is a duality for both periodic and chaotic responses. Period doubling does exist and this process may originate from different basic responses even with the same forcing frequency. The evolution of chaos is shown by a sequence of Poincare maps. Finally a possible pattern for transition to chaos is suggested.
Lateralized amygdala activation: importance in the regulation of anxiety and pain behavior

Abstract Background The amygdala is involved in the emotional responses to fear including anxiety and heightened pain reporting. In a rodent model, bilateral activation of the central amygdala (CeA) with corticosterone (CORT) produces anxiety-like behavior, somatic allodynia and visceral hypersensitivity. Although hemisphere-specific processing differences between the left and right amygdala have been reported, it remains unclear whether the right or left CeA is involved in the production of anxiety-like behavior, and abnormal somatic and visceral perception. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that lateralized corticoid-mediated mechanisms in the CeA produce anxiety as well as abnormal pain perception. Methods Anesthetized rats received stereotaxic implants of cholesterol (Chol; 30 μg) or CORT (30 μg) micropellets onto the left, right or both dorsal margins of the CeA. Following implantation (5–7 days), anxiety-like behavior was assessed on the elevated plus-maze (EPM), somatic allodynia was measured using Von Frey filaments, and visceral sensitivity was quantified as a visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) at 0–60 mm Hg. Results Unilateral implants of CORT onto either the left or right CeA produced anxiety-like behavior and somatic allodynia. However, our data illustrated that the bilateral placement of CORT onto the CeA was required to increase visceral sensitivity. Conclusion These results provide evidence that there is no hemispheric lateralization of the CeA involved in corticoid-mediated anxiety-like behavior and heightened pain reporting.
Genetics and Epidemiology of Tourette Syndrome

Although the genetic basis of Tourette syndrome is well established, uncertainty about how best to define and assess the Tourette syndrome phenotype has hampered efforts to identify the genes responsible for susceptibility to the disorder. In addition, such efforts have typically been underpowered or were undertaken before the technology was available to perform systematic genome-wide genetic investigations. The Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium on Genetics was formed by more than a dozen research groups from around the world to develop common approaches to phenotyping Tourette syndrome and to pool samples for uniform, well-powered genetic investigations. Several recent advances, including the completion of genome-wide scans of affected sib-pairs and large families, show real promise for identifying Tourette syndrome susceptibility genes. In this review, we describe the key epidemiologic, linkage, and association studies in Tourette syndrome and illustrate the strategies currently being used to identify Tourette syndrome genes.
Wireless Glucose Monitoring Watch enabled by an Implantable Self- sustaining Glucose Sensor System

Implantable glucose sensors can measure real time blood glucose as compared to conventional techniques involving drawing blood samples and in-vitro processing. An implantable sensor requires energy source for operation with wire inout provision for power and sending signals. Implants capable of generation-transmission of sensory signals, with minimal or no power requirement, can solve this problem. An implantable nanosensor design has been presented here, which can passively detect glucose concentration in blood stream and transmit data to a wearable receiver-recorder system or a watch. The glucose sensitive component is a redox pair of electrodes that generates voltage proportional to glucose concentration. The bio-electrode, made of carbon nanotubes-enzyme nanocluster, has been investigated because of the large surface area for taping electrical signals. This glucose sensor can charge a capacitor, which can be a part of a LCR resonance/inductive coupling based radio frequency (RF) sensor telemetry. Such a system can measure change in glucose concentration by the induced frequency shift in the LCR circuit. A simultaneous power transmission and signal transmission can be achieved by employing two separate LCR oscillating loops, one for each operation. The corresponding coupling LCR circuits can be housed in the wearable receiving watch unit. The data logged in this glucose monitoring watch can be instrumental in managing blood glucose as trigger for an insulin dispensing payload worn on person or implanted.
Hop tests correlate with IKDC and KOOS at minimum of 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction

Purpose The hypothesis of this study was that single-legged horizontal hop test ratios would correlate with IKDC, KOOS, and Marx activity level scores in patients 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction.
Teaching Family Preservation

ABSTRACT The family preservation movement, with its historic emphasis on keeping children with their families, is prominent in social work in the U.S.A. in large part this is due to the profession's enduring commitment to society's most deprived families. In keeping with the importance of this movement, appropriate content should be incorporated throughout the social work curriculum. Accordingly, this article describes three courses that can be integrated into the Child/Youth/Family area of the curriculum: a generic course on intensive family preservation, a specialized course on family reunification of children in out-of-home care, and a specialized course on preparation of foster adolescents for interdependent living.
Bacillus and Serratia species for Scarab control

Few microorganisms are commercially available for use against white grubs (larvae of Scarabaeidae). Entomopathogenic bacteria, particularly Bacillus popilliae, have been used the longest for white grub suppression. Other bacteria, namely B. thuringiensis and Serratia spp. offer promise for future control. This papes examines two genera of bacteria (Bacillus and Serratia) from the historical and current perspective. Bacillus popilliae, the firs microbial control agent registered in the United States, has a long history of use in suppressing populations of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica. However, lack of in vitro production and the slow and sporadic nature of its activity, severely limits its utilization. B. thuringiensis, the most widely used microbial pesticide, has not been used for scarab, control. However, strains with scarab activity have recently been discovered. Scarab larvae have been collected in the United States with signs and symptoms similar to those characteristic of amber disease (caused by Serratia entomophila) in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica. A total of 147 bacteria have been obtained from the digestive tracts of larvae of the Japanese beetle and masked chafers, Cyclocephala spp., as well as from larvae and soil collected in Japan and China. Seventy five of these have been identified as Serratia spp. Most (40) of the remaining bacteria are in the genus Enterobacter. A majority of the bacteria (73) and of the Serratia (38) came from P. japonica.
Judgments of a Woman's Emotions: The Influence of Observer Attitudes1

The influence that observers' attitudes toward lesbians have on their judgments of a lesbian target's emotional display was examined. In Phase One, college undergraduates' attitudes toward lesbians were measured. In Phase Two, 185 subjects returned and viewed a videotape in which a female target described as a lesbian, a novel individual, or a heterosexual, responded to an interviewer's questions regarding her recent romantic breakup. The subjects then judged the appropriateness of the target's display of 11 emotions. Contrary to predictions, attitudinally negative subjects evaluated the Lesbian target as highly appropriate. The potential applications of this result for social psychologists interested in examining the contact hypothesis, as well as for outgroup members themselves, are discussed.
An analysis of incident wave behavior required for screw and edge dislocation emission from cracks

Abstract Exact transient solutions for the motion and arrest of screw and edge dislocations at a crack subjected to the diffraction of, respectively, plane sinusoidal SH-waves and plane sinusoidal SV-waves are developed. These are then examined in view of a dislocation force-based criterion for emission. It is found, first, that, unless deceleration is allowed, dislocation arrest may be temporary. Then, expressions for the instant of emission and the arrest distance are obtained, and found to depend on properties such as dislocation speed, yield stress, and a dimensionless variable related to the size of a zone of attraction at the crack edge. Study of these expressions indicate that the edge dislocations are emitted in minimum times at particular finite speeds, while the screw dislocations achieve minimum emission times in the zero speed limit. Order-of-magnitude estimates of the expressions show that emission occurs on a micromechanical scale, that the incident wave frequencies required for emission may be in the MHz range, and that emission time varies directly with incident wavelength. A study of the dynamic stress intensity factors then shows that purely brittle fracture is more difficult to achieve than dislocation emission for a given incident wave.
Refining data flow information using infeasible paths

Experimental evidence indicates that large programs exhibit significant amount of branch correlation amenable to compile-time detection. Branch correlation gives rise to infeasible paths, which in turn make data flow information overly conservative. For example, def-use pairs that always span infeasible paths cannot be tested by any program input, preventing 100% def-use testing coverage. We present an algorithm for identifying infeasible program paths and a data flow analysis technique that improves the precision of traditional def-use pair analysis by incorporating the information about infeasible paths into the analysis. Infeasible paths are computed using branch correlation analysis, which can be performed either intra- or inter-procedurally. The efficiency of our technique is achieved through demand-driven formulation of both the infeasible paths detection and the def-use pair analysis. Our experiments indicate that even when a simple form of intraprocedural branch correlation is considered, more than 2% of def-use pairs in the SPEC95 benchmark programs can be found infeasible.
The Catholic Church’s restrictions on female participation and some biblical responses

The hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church has been a male bastion for centuries. For years the female laity has labored behind the scenes, relegated to specifically designated ministries and expected to serve humbly, quietly, and unquestioningly. In the last century, however, women in the Church began to challenge the limited roles that had been allotted to them and the question of a female priesthood, in particular, became the focal point of theological discourse both in local churches and in the Vatican itself. A number of documents were prepared by the Magisterium to deal with the impending threat of the proposed more inclusive priesthood and conservative members of the faith circled their wagons and prepared for their relentless defense of the status quo.' When one studies these documents, however, one is struck with the questionable premises which the Magisterium uses to support an exclusively male priesthood. Not only can these premises be challenged, but a comparison might be made between the restrictive patriarchal environment of the biblical period and the more "modern," yet sometimes just as restrictive, atmosphere of the Church in the twentyfirst century. Just as biblical women successfiilly operated in spite of the sociological and theological restraints placed on them by their male counterparts, so, too, the modern Catholic woman strategically maneuvers within the narrow confines of an exclusively male hierarchical church. Today's woman may describe her strategy in more modern terms, but, to a certain extent, her tactics bear a striking similarity to those employed by Rachel, Rebekah, and the other biblical matriarchs. These "subversive" techniques have proven to be the best way to survive and flourish in a male
Hexose transport derepressed and refractory to purine regulation in NAD(H)‐depleted Nil cells

Nil hamster fibroblasts depleted of NAD(H) by growth in medium devoid of nicotinamide (NAm-MEM) exhibit up to 2-3-fold higher rates of glucose transport. Derepression of glucose transport is observed only when Nil cells have become severely depleted of both intracellular NAD(H) and ATP, despite the continued presence of 5.5 mM D-glucose in the growth medium. Neither the initial rate of transport, approximated from 3-O-methylglucose uptake, nor accumulation of D-glucose itself is repressed upon restoring nicotinamide to the medium. Exposure of the cells to NAD+ (10(-5) M), however, leads to a sharp curtailment of transport within 2 to 3 hours. The purines, hypoxanthine and guanine, that sharply reduce glucose transport capacity of normal cells, have no significant effect upon transport activity of NAD(H)-depleted cells.
Multiphoton microscopy as a detection tool for photobleaching of EO materials

Multi-photon microscopy operating at 1550 nm is employed as a rapid characterization tool for studying the photostability of three well-known electro-optical materials. Different nonlinear optical responses such as multi-photon excitation fluoresence, second-, and third-harmonic generation can be used as detection probes to reveal the degradation mechanisms. This technique is rapid, accurate, and can be used to study the photostability of a broad range of materials.
Electrochemical reduction of diphenyliodonium salts and phenyl mercuric halides in dimethylformamide

Abstract Pulse polarograms for reduction of diphenyliodonium halides in dimethylformamide containing tetramethylammonium perchlorate exhibit either three or four waves, depending on the concentrations of supporting electrolyte and starting material. In the presence of 0.1 M tetramethylammonium perchlorate, diphenyliodonium bromide exhibits three waves (I, II, and III) when the concentration of starting material is lower than 0.74 m M ; for higher concentrations of diphenyliodonium bromide, the first wave splits and the pulse polarogram consists of four waves (Ia, Ib, II, and III). For electrolyses of diphenyliodonium bromide at potentials corresponding to either wave Ia or wave, Ib, diphenylmercury and iodobenzene are obtained and the coulometric n value is unity. At potentials on wave II, diphenylmercury and benzene are formed and the n value is three. For electrolyses done at potentials on wave III, the yields of benzene and diphenylmercury as well as the n value are potential dependent. At a sufficiently negative potential, benzene is the only product of a four-electron reduction of the diphenyliodonium cation. Wave Ia for a diphenyliodonium halide is attributed to reduction of the phenyl mercuric halide resulting from reaction of starting material with mercury, whereas wave Ib is caused by reduction of solution-soluble diphenyliodonium cations. Wave II arises from reduction of iodobenzene (a product formed by processes associated with the appearance of waves Ia and Ib), and wave III is due to reduction of adsorbed phenylmercury radicals (the other species formed by reactions responsible for waves Ia and Ib). These conclusions have been substantiated by independent pulse polarographic, cyclic voltammetric, and coulometric studies of phenyl mercuric halides.
Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation

Helicobacter pylori causes persistent inflammation in the human stomach, yet only a minority of persons harbouring this organism develop peptic ulcer disease or gastric malignancy. An important question is why such variation exists among colonized individuals. Recent evidence has demonstrated that H. pylori isolates possess substantial phenotypic and genotypic diversity, which may engender differential host inflammatory responses that influence clinical outcome. For example, H. pylori strains that possess the cag pathogenicity island induce more severe gastritis and augment the risk for developing peptic ulcer disease and distal gastric cancer. An alternative, but not exclusive, hypothesis is that enhanced inflammation and injury is a consequence of an inappropriate host immune response to the chronic presence of H. pylori within the gastric niche. Investigations that precisely delineate the mechanisms responsible for induction of gastritis will ultimately help to define which H. pylori-colonized persons bear the highest risk for subsequent development of clinical disease, and thus, enable physicians to focus eradication therapy.