cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Kalman-Filtering Approach to High Dynamic Range Imaging for Measurement Applications

High dynamic range imaging (HDRI) methods in computational photography address situations where the dynamic range of a scene exceeds what can be captured by an image sensor in a single exposure. HDRI techniques have also been used to construct radiance maps in measurement applications; unfortunately, the design and evaluation of HDRI algorithms for use in these applications have received little attention. In this paper, we develop a novel HDRI technique based on pixel-by-pixel Kalman filtering and evaluate its performance using objective metrics that this paper also introduces. In the presented experiments, this new technique achieves as much as 9.4-dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and can achieve as much as a 29% improvement in radiometric accuracy over a classic method.
A diatom record of environmental change in Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica, late Pleistocene to present

We present a diatom record from a sediment core taken in Lake Fryxell, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Six zones were defined using diatom assemblage changes that indicate varying limnological conditions. The early lake stage, ca. 35,000 cal years BP, is characterized by Mayamea atomus f. permitis, a species rarely reported in modern Antarctic Dry Valley environments. An extended period from ca. 35,000 to 19,000 cal years BP is characterized by low diatom abundance, with dominant taxa Luticola spp., Muelleria spp., and Diadesmis contenta. The modern assemblage was established ca. 13,000 cal years BP, after two relatively brief transitional stages. One key species for this recent period, Navicula lineola var. perlepida, is absent in surface sediments and the modern environment, indicating an environmental change within the last several centuries. The diatom assemblage is compared to modern diatom communities in Dry Valley streams, which provide the most complete information on diatom distributions in this region. Although precise environmental interpretation of the core is hampered by limited knowledge of environmental constraints on many of the diatom taxa present in the lake core, the data provide important new insights into the history of Glacial Lake Washburn.
Populations Structuring of Near Infrared Spectra and Modified Partial Least Squares Regression

The computer programs CENTER and SELECT have been presented as a way tp establish population boundaries and choose samples for near infrared calibrations. This study was conducted to evaluate calibrations derived on samples chosen by CENTER and SELECT from broad groups of hay, haylage, corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) samples. Population boundaries were established with a maximum standardized H distance from the average spectrum of 3.0
Institutional Instability and the Challenges of Protected Area Management in Russia

Since the fall of the USSR, the protected-area system within the Russian Federation has been plagued by insufficient financial support and instability in the federal administration. In 2000 President Putin dissolved the State Committee on Environmental Protection and the Federal Forest Service, transferring both agencies’ responsibilities to the Ministry of Natural Resources; since that time, protected-area administration has undergone repeated restructuring. Through a series of elite interviews and site visits, this investigation explores how a lack of stability has been a source of confusion among staff, reduced the ability to secure finances, and impeded the continued development of the system. Though solutions such as partnerships with nongovernmental organizations and capacity-building workshops are being developed, effective protected-area management depends on federal administrative stability and a steady source of financing.
Use of Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-IT with Substance Abuse Patients:

The Acculturation Rating ScaleforMexican Americans-II (ARSMA-II) was administered to 105 adult male MexicanAmerican substance abuse patients. The subscales werefound to have good internal reliabili...
Human serum precipitins to oral bacteria related to dental caries

Adults aged 20-38 years were classified by a positive (+) or negative (-) precipitating serum antibody response to D-alanyl glycerol teichoic acid (S), or an antigen from Actinomyces spp. (A). Culture filtrates of Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus were used to detect the respective specific antibodies by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion when present in serum at a concentration of more than 0.05 mg/ml. Among subjects who had grown up in fluoridated areas, A+ subjects exhibited significantly fewer decayed, missing and filled teeth or teeth surfaces compared to A- subjects (p less than 0.02). For the whole population examined, caries severity increased with age and decreased with length of residence in a fluoridated area (p less than 0.01). When classified by A and S antibody response, only S-subjects showed a significant increase in caries score with age (p less than 0.02) and only A+S+ subjects a significant decrease in score with length of exposure to fluoridated water (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the severity of caries in relation to age and fluoride exposure may differ in subjects with the different antibody specificities.
The revenge of the page

Writers of literary hypertext have urged complexly linked hypertext forms. Some writers have applied this to expository and argumentative hypertext, taking advantage of hypertext's ability to expand the "margins" of a document in new directions. Where argumentative issues or contexts are complex and self-reflexive enough, these writers urge that hypertexts become complex multi-dimensional expository and argumentative texts with elaborate rhetorical and argumentative structures that take place over sequences of links. However this ideal is challenged by developments on the Web, where argumentative hypertexts are dominated by a linked mini-essay style that uses one-step link patterns for its rhetorical moves. Was the ideal of complex hypertext rhetorical structures mistaken? This essay analyzes the situation, argues for the viability of more complex hypertexts, suggests some causes for the dominance of the single page and single-step rhetorical move, and looks at some developments that may challenge this dominance.
Using LIDAR to Monitor a Beach Nourishment Project at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, USA

Abstract With beach nourishment widely used today to combat shoreline erosion, it is desirable to monitor the postnourishment shoreline to evaluate the projects' success. Implementing a monitoring program is difficult because of time and personnel requirements. Remotely sensed elevation data, in particular that derived from airborne light-detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors, could be used because of its extensive coverage. In 1998, a beach-fill project was carried out at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, and coincidentally LIDAR data were collected annually in this location from 1997 to 2000. This project uses the LIDAR data to identify beach and dune zones and to compute volumetric changes for each zone. Spatial variations are analyzed by examining shoreline segments, in which beach and dune volumes are determined for the different surveys. Spatial and temporal changes in both the beach and dune zones are monitored following the initial fill project. The passage of hurricanes Bonnie and Floyd in the ...
Shift Hashing for Memory-Constrained Applications

Hardware innovations such as motes, RFIDs, embedded microprocessors, and wireless sensors have introduced a new set of wide-ranging applications for business, government, industry, and individuals. These applications include connected cities, smart homes and appliances, smart vehicles, improved security and surveillance, business integration and e-commerce to name a few. The real-time nature of these applications requires direct access to data and minimal response time from underlying hardware systems. This paper presents a new hashing method, Shift Hashing, which is an improvement over existing hashing schemes such as Tridirectional Computed Chaining, which reduce the direct access time by providing multi-way branching of individual probe chains. What is distinctive about Shift Hashing is that it not only allows faster access to data in most cases, but also eliminates the space requirement for storing links completely. There is no time-space tradeoff. Hence the method is suitable for applications in which space is quite limited and fast and real-time access is important. It is simple, easy to implement and its generality makes it very flexible to use. Storage efficiency is achieved by incorporating a link field in the key of the record by using bit shifting methods. The concept of using shifting to compute data rather than storing it may be applicable to other situations as well.
Asymmetric Polarization Behavior of Sodium β″‐Alumina Electrolyte

The roles of electrolyte composition and surface treatments in the phenomenon of asymmetric polarization in sodium β″-alumina ceramics are investigated. The results indicate that Asymmetric polarization is only displayed by electrolyte compositions containing 80 vol%β″-alumina phase and that a chemical treatment utilizing phosphoric acid, or a water treatment, is effective in circumventing the asymmetric polarization via removal of the asymmetric-polarization-causing resistive surface film. The surface film is soda rich, 20 to 40 nm thick, and there is a considerable concentration gradient from the surface into the bulk of an as-sintered sodium β″-alumina electrolyte.
Comparative and International Education: A Journey toward Equality and Equity

Comparative and international education is a field characterized by wide and constant borrowing of theories, concepts, and research methods from the social sciences. While some see this multidisciplinarity as cause for alarm, others consider it a source of intellectual wealth. Given the multiple disciplines, perspectives, and events that attract the attention of comparative and international education (CIE hereafter), it is difficult to present a consensual view of contributions, progress, and challenges to date. In examining the trajectory of CIE over several decades, I lean on my professional experience, a review of the major journals in the field, and my five years as associate editor for the Comparative Education Review. Even so, I make no claims that my account is the most complete or most accurate. Since education systems are intended to have positive effects on society both by providing essential skills and by promoting social mobility and inclusion of all citizens, this review focuses on the issues of equality and equity in the comparative education context. In 1969, two distinct groups of professionals joined to form the Comparative and International Education Society. In general, comparative education emphasizes the understanding of the dynamics of educational change and seeks to detect patterns of change across countries. International education concentrates primarily on developing countries and endeavors to gear education to the improvement and building of nation-states. CIE is found in university courses and programs and in academic journals, as well as in negotiations between and within states for purposes of policymaking. The ideas and preferences of CIE professionals are played out in various spaces: economists prevail in government and international transactions; in universities, there is a more balanced array of sociologists, political scientists, and, increasingly, anthropol-
How Many Principles for Public Health Ethics

General moral (ethical) principles play a prominent role in certain methods of moral reasoning and ethical decision-making in bioethics and public health. Examples include the principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Some accounts of ethics in public health have pointed to additional principles related to social and environmental concerns, such as the precautionary principle and principles of solidarity or social cohesion. This article provides an overview of principle-based methods of moral reasoning as they apply to public health ethics including a summary of advantages and disadvantages of methods of moral reasoning that rely upon general principles of moral reasoning. Drawing upon the literature on public health ethics, examples are provided of additional principles, obligations, and rules that may be useful for analyzing complex ethical issues in public health. A framework is outlined that takes into consideration the interplay of ethical principles and rules at individual, community, national, and global levels. Concepts such as the precautionary principle and solidarity are shown to be useful to public health ethics to the extent that they can be shown to provide worthwhile guidance and information above and beyond principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, and the clusters of rules and maxims that are linked to these moral principles. Future directions likely to be productive include further work on areas of public health ethics such as public trust, community empowerment, the rights of individuals who are targeted (or not targeted) by public health interventions, individual and community resilience and wellbeing, and further clarification of principles, obligations, and rules in public health disciplines such as environmental science, prevention and control of chronic and infectious diseases, genomics, and global health.
Present/absent sample matching in pigeons: Is comparison choice controlled by the sample stimulus or by differential sample responding?

In two experiments involving present/absent sample matching, we tested whether the visual stimuli or differential sample behavior served as the basis for comparison choice. In both experiments, one group (FR/DRO) was required to peck the present sample and to refrain from pecking the absent sample (as typically occurs with fixed duration present/absent samples), and the other group (FR/FR) was required to peck both samples. In Experiment 1, the samples were a black dot on a white field (present) and the white field alone (absent). In Experiment 2, the samples were a yellow hue (present) and a dark response key (absent). In both experiments, divergent retention functions were found only for the FR/DRO group. These results suggest that, in nonhedonic present/absent sample matching, it is the behavior directed toward the present sample, rather than the visual stimulus itself, that serves as the basis for comparison choice.
"The Biggest Problem": School Leaders' Covert Construction of Latino ELL Families--Institutional Racism in a Neoliberal Schooling Context.

This critical discourse analysis focuses upon the discursive construction of Latino English language learners (ELL) identity within a Texas neoliberal schooling context. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine the construction of Latino ELL identities in the discourses of Texas school leaders practicing under the aegis of neoliberal schooling. Important to this construction was the context of the discourse. School leaders’ discourse was colorblind and largely silent about both ELL status and ethnicity/race. Instead the dominant Discourse constructed economically disadvantaged families as deficit. However, in the discursive context Latino ELL families were disproportionately economically disadvantaged; thus, they were covertly constructed as deficient. The covert nature of the deficit construction makes it difficult to identify and thus resist. Given the other negative effects of neoliberal policies and practices, the implication of these findings is that neoliberal school policies are a manifesta...
Response spectra for differential motion of columns paper II: Out-of-plane response

It is shown that the common response spectrum method for synchronous ground motion can be extended to make it applicable for earthquake response analyses of extended structures experiencing differential out-of-plane ground motion. A relative displacement spectrum for design of first-story columns SDC (T, TT, z, zT, t, d) is defined. In addition to the natural period of the out-of-plane response, T, and the corresponding fraction of critical damping, z, this spectrum also depends on the fundamental period of torsional vibrations, TT, and the corresponding fraction of critical damping, zT, on the ‘‘travel time,’’ t (of the waves in the soil over a distance of about one-half the length of the structure), and on a dimensionless factor d, describing the relative response of the first floor. The new spectrum, SDC, can be estimated by using the empirical scaling equations for relative displacement spectra, SD, and for peak ground velocity, vmax. For recorded strong-motion acceleration, and for symmetric buildings, the new spectrum can be computed from Duhamel’s integrals of two uncoupled equations for dynamics equilibrium describing translation and rotation of a two-degree-offreedom system. This representation is accurate when the energy of the strong-motion is carried by waves in the ground the wavelengths of which are one order of magnitude or more longer than the characteristic length of the structure. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of arachidonic acid on unitary calcium currents in rat sympathetic neurons

1We have characterized the actions of arachidonic acid (AA) on whole cell and unitary calcium (Ca2+) currents in rat neonatal superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons using barium (Ba2+) as the charge carrier. 2Whole cell currents were elicited by stepping the membrane potential from −90 mV to +10 mV. Arachidonic acid (5 μm) was introduced into the bath in the continued presence of 1 μm (+)-202-791, an L-type Ca2+ channel agonist. Under these conditions, the peak current, comprised mainly of N-type current, and a slow, (+)-202-791-induced component of the tail current were inhibited by 67 ± 6 and 60 ± 10%, respectively, indicating that AA inhibits both N- and L-type currents. 3At a test potential of +30 mV, AA (5 μm) decreased unitary L- and N-type Ca2+ channel open probability (Po) in cell-attached patches that contained a single channel. For both channels, the underlying causes of the decrease in Po were similar. Arachidonic acid caused an increase in the percentage of null sweeps and in the number of null sweeps that clustered together. In sweeps with activity, the average number of openings per sweep decreased, while first latency and mean closed time increased. Arachidonic acid had no significant effect on unitary current amplitude or mean open time. 4Our findings are the first description of the inhibition of unitary L- and N-type Ca2+ channel activity by AA and are consistent with both channels spending more time in their null mode and with increased dwell time in one or more closed states.
A strategy to objectively evaluate the necessity of correcting detected target deviations in image guided radiotherapy

Image guided radiotherapy technologies are being increasingly utilized in the treatment of various cancers. These technologies have enhanced the ability to detect temporal and spatial deviations of the target volume relative to planned radiation beams. Correcting these detected deviations may, in principle, improve the accuracy of dose delivery to the target. However, in many situations, a clinical decision has to be made as to whether it is necessary to correct some of the deviations since the relevant dosimetric impact may or may not be significant, and the corresponding corrective action may be either impractical or time consuming. Ideally this decision should be based on objective and reproducible criteria rather than subjective judgment. In this study, a strategy is proposed for the objective evaluation of the necessity of deviation correction during the treatment verification process. At the treatment stage, without any alteration from the planned beams, the treatment beams should provide the desired dose coverage to the geometric volume identical to the planning target volume (PTV). Given this fact, the planned dose distribution and PTV geometry were used to compute the dose coverage and PTV enclosure of the clinical target volume (CTV) that was detected from imaging during the treatment setupmore » verification. The spatial differences between the detected CTV and the planning CTV are essentially the target deviations. The extent of the PTV enclosure of the detected CTV as well as its dose coverage were used as criteria to evaluate the necessity of correcting any of the target deviations. This strategy, in principle, should be applicable to any type of target deviations, including both target deformable and positional changes and should be independent of how the deviations are detected. The proposed strategy was used on two clinical prostate cancer cases. In both cases, gold markers were implanted inside the prostate for the purpose of treatment setup verification and were used to determine potential target deviations. To derive the detected CTV geometry from the planning CTV based on the locations of the gold markers, the CTV was approximated with an elastic semirigid body model. The derived CTV geometry and shape were confirmed with CBCT imaging. The evaluation results and the related mathematical equations and computational algorithm are presented. It is concluded that the proposed strategy is potentially useful in establishing objective criteria for the necessity of correction of the target deviations.« less
Psychological and medical complications of chronic pain management

A N UNFORTUNATE but obvious tact is that where there is medical care, there are complications. There are procedure-related and pharmacological complications that are discussed with the patient and made part of the informed consent. However, we may be ignoring the most common group of complications, those of the psyche. The impact of psychological complications may be just as far reaching as any physical complication resulting from a needle. In this article, we review the procedure-related and the pharmacological complications of pain management, but first we examine the often overlooked psychological complications.
Strain Relaxation and Surface Roughness as a Function of Growth Temperature in Linearly Graded InxAl1-xas (x=0.05 to 0.25) Buffers

The relation of relaxation to surface morphology in linearly-graded InAlAs was examined as a function of growth temperature using x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Samples were grown at temperatures ranging from 370°C to 550°C. Weak diffraction features for samples grown at 370°C and 420°C limited determination of the extent of their relaxation. The fractional relaxation of samples grown between 470°C to 550°C was essentially identical (~77%) and symmetric in orthogonal directions. The character of the surface morphology changed from random small scale roughness to a roughness more periodic in nature as the growth temperature increased. Although no asymmetry was observed in the relaxation, the roughness developed an asymmetry at higher growth temperatures with more prominent ridges along % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB % PrgifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0x % c9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8fr % Fve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaadaWada % qaaiqaigdagaqeaiaaigdacaaIWaaacaGLBbGaayzxaaGaeyOeI0Ya % amWaaeaacaaIXaGabGymayaaraGaaGimaaGaay5waiaaw2faaaaa!410C! $$\left[ {\bar 110} \right] - \left[ {1\bar 10} \right]$$ .
Estimating Population Size with Two- and Three-Stage Sampling Designs

Reliable estimates of population size are important for developing and monitoring health programs in at-risk populations. Laska, Meisner, and Siegel (Biometrics 1988;44:461-72) developed an unbiased estimator for the size of a population at a single venue based on a single sample. Because many populations of interest are not contained within a single venue, this article generalizes the Laska, Meisner, and Siegel estimator to incorporate two- and three-stage sampling designs and enable estimation of total population size over multiple venues. Use of the estimator with two- and three-stage sampling designs is illustrated with examples that estimate the size of a population of individuals who socialize over a 4-week period at public venues where transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections is likely to occur.
A simpler form of the Craig representation for the two-dimensional joint Gaussian Q-function

We derive a simpler form for the Craig (1991) representation of the two-dimensional joint Gaussian Q-function which dispenses with the trigonometric factor that precedes the exponentials in the integrands and furthermore results in an exponential argument that is precisely in the same simple form as that in the Craig representation of the one-dimensional Gaussian Q-function. As such, the entire dependence on the correlation parameter now appears only in the limits of integration. The resulting single integral form is particularly useful in evaluating the outage probability for dual diversity selection combining over correlated identically and nonidentically distributed log normal channels.
Bariatric surgery vs. advanced practice medical management in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: rationale and design of the Surgical Therapy And Medications Potentially Eradicate Diabetes Efficiently trial (STAMPEDE)

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely interrelated, and are two of the most common chronic, debilitating diseases worldwide. Surgical approaches to weight loss (bariatric surgery) result in marked improvement of T2DM, however randomized trials directly comparing the efficacy of surgical and medical approaches are lacking. The Surgical Therapy and Medications Potentially Eradicate Diabetes Efficiently (STAMPEDE) trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of two bariatric surgery procedures involving gastric restriction only (laparascopic sleeve gastrectomy) and gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y) to advanced medical therapy in patients with T2DM with modest obesity with BMI of 27-42 kg/m2. This single site, prospective, randomized controlled trial will enroll 150 subjects who will be followed. The primary end point will be the rate of biochemical resolution of T2DM at 1 year as measured by HbA1c < 6%. The safety and adverse event rates will also be compared between the three arms of the study.
Transgenic expression of human amphiregulin in mouse skin: Inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia and enlarged sebaceous glands

To explore the role of amphiregulin in inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia, we overexpressed human AREG (hAREG) in FVB/N mice using a bovine K5 promoter. A construct containing AREG coding sequences flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated region sequences (AREG-UTR) led to a >10-fold increase in hAREG expression compared to an otherwise-identical construct containing only the coding region (AREG-CDR). AREG-UTR mice developed tousled, greasy fur as well as elongated nails and thickened, erythematous tail skin. No such phenotype was evident in AREG-CDR mice. Histologically, AREG-UTR mice presented with marked epidermal hyperplasia of tail skin (2.1-fold increase in epidermal thickness with a 9.5-fold increase in Ki-67(+) cells) accompanied by significantly increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration. Dorsal skin of AREG-UTR mice manifested lesser but still significant increases in epidermal thickness and keratinocyte hyperplasia. AREG-UTR mice also developed marked and significant sebaceous gland enlargement, with corresponding increases in Ki-67(+) cells. To determine the response of AREG-UTR animals to a pro-inflammatory skin challenge, topical imiquimod (IMQ) or vehicle cream was applied to dorsal and tail skin. IMQ increased dorsal skin thickness similarly in both AREG-UTR and wild type mice (1.7- and 2.2-fold vs vehicle, P < 0.001 each), but had no such effect on tail skin. These results confirm that keratinocyte expression of hAREG elicits inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia, and are consistent with prior reports of tail epidermal hyperplasia and increased sebaceous gland size in mice expressing human epigen.
Multi-atlas label fusion using hybrid of discriminative and generative classifiers for segmentation of cardiac MR images

Multi-atlas segmentation first registers each atlas image to the target image and transfers the label of atlas image to the coordinate system of the target image. The transferred labels are then combined, using a label fusion algorithm. In this paper, we propose a novel label fusion method which aggregates discriminative learning and generative modeling for segmentation of cardiac MR images. First, a probabilistic Random Forest classifier is trained as a discriminative model to obtain the prior probability of a label at the given voxel of the target image. Then, a probability distribution of image patches is modeled using Gaussian Mixture Model for each label, providing the likelihood of the voxel belonging to the label. The final label posterior is obtained by combining the classification score and the likelihood score under Bayesian rule. Comparative study performed on MICCAI 2013 SATA Segmentation Challenge demonstrates that our proposed hybrid label fusion algorithm is accurate than other five state-of-the-art label fusion methods. The proposed method obtains dice similarity coefficient of 0.94 and 0.92 in segmenting epicardium and endocardium respectively. Moreover, our label fusion method achieves more accurate segmentation results compared to four other label fusion methods.
Procedures for the Use of Implantable and External Pumps for Continuous Infusion Chemotherapy

The administration of chemotherapeutic agents is now being done more frequently on an outpatient basis which contributed to the improvement of the quality of life of cancer patients; this has become possible since small portable pumps were developed. The use of two of these pumps, one implantable (Infusaid), the other external (Cormed) will be described in this article. They are herein described, because of the author’s familiarity with their use for more than three years at the Chemotherapy Unit of Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y. Several other types of portable pumps are also available and apparently equally effective, but the author did not have the opportunity to use them.
Fathers’ and Mothers’ Perceptions of Their Children’s Psychosocial Behaviors in Mexican Immigrant Families

This study examines the differences between mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of their children’s psychosocial behaviors, whether parents’ perceptions vary as a function of children’s gender, and the influence of sociodemographic and social support variables on parents’ perceptions in two-parent Mexican immigrant families in the USA. Mothers and fathers from 79 families with a second- or third-grade child participated in the study. Mothers and fathers did not differ in their perceptions of children’s most of the positive (e.g., cooperative) and none of the negative (e.g., anxious) behaviors. Mothers rated children’s attentive behavior higher than fathers. Mothers and fathers perceived that sons were happier than daughters. Family and extra-familial support were associated with fathers’ perceptions of their children’s happy and cooperative behaviors, whereas none of the SES and support variables was associated with mothers’ perceptions of children’s positive behaviors. Family size and institutional support influenced fathers’ and mothers’ perceptions of their children’s anxious behavior.
Predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences in adolescents: A systematic review of the literature and implications for future research.

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review of the literature examining risk and protective factors of alcohol related negative consequences (ARNCs) among adolescents. Methods We conducted a systematic search of original empirical articles published between January 1, 1990 and June 1, 2015. The qualitative synthesis was performed using the Theory of Triadic Influence as a framework. Results Fifty-two studies were reviewed. Intrapersonal (e.g., personality traits, drinking motives and expectancies, depression), interpersonal (e.g., parental and peer alcohol use, violence exposure) and attitudinal factors (e.g., media exposure to alcohol, religiosity) influence ARNCs. Emerging evidence of new trends contributing to ARNCs include ready mixed alcohol drinks and childhood trauma and abuse. Conclusions Risk factors from all domains of influence were observed. More research is needed on protective factors and how alcohol use interacts with preventive factors in predicting ARNCs. The conceptualization of negative consequences varies significantly between studies and may impact the external validity of previous research.
The Debate About Constitutional Dialogues in Canada: Unforeseen Implications?

This project entails a re-assessment of the contemporary American and Canadian debate about judicial activism the “countermajoritarian” challenge it poses to democratic self-government. I conclude that the debate about the countermajoritarian threat of judicial review and the debilitating impact it has on deliberative democracy actually has the counter-intuitive affect of creating a stronger case for judicial activism
Optical Polymer Waveguides for Biomedical Applications

Optical glass/plastic fibers are widely used in medicine for bringing light into target tissues. Here, we demonstrate waveguides based on biocompatible polymers and hydrogels, enabling new approaches and functionalities for in-body applications.
High-Performance Catalytic CH4 Oxidation at Low Temperatures: Inverse Micelle Synthesis of Amorphous Mesoporous Manganese Oxides and Mild Transformation to K2–xMn8O16 and ϵ-MnO2

Catalytic combustion of methane at low temperature under lean conditions was investigated over mesoporous amorphous manganese oxide (Meso-Mn-A), Mn2O3 (Meso-Mn2O3), MnO2 (epsilon phase) (Meso-ϵ-MnO2), and octahedral molecular sieves MnO2 (Meso-OMS-2) synthesized using an inverse surfactant micelle method. The prepared materials are monodispersed nanoparticle aggregates, and the mesopores are formed by connected interparticle voids. All the mesoporous manganese oxides proved to be significantly active compared to nonporous, similar phase materials. However, among the tested materials Meso-Mn-A showed the lowest light-off temperature of 229 °C, but Meso-OMS-2 showed the highest conversion (90%) at the lowest temperature of 373 °C. Despite the low light-off temperatures of mesoporous materials, even nonporous K-OMS-2 (cryptomelane) showed 90% conversion at 403 °C illustrating not only the effect of mesopore size but also the oxidation state of manganese and the structure of the catalyst having effects on the...
Effect of a Natural Insecticide from Nicotiana gossei on the Whitefly Parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

The collateral effects of a biorational compound from Nicotiana gossei Domain on the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan were determined in laboratory and greenhouse tests and compared with the effects of spraying with M-Pede or Margosan-O. Fewer parasitized whitefly pupae were killed by spraying with N. gossei extract or Margosan-O than spraying with M-Pede. More E. formosa wasps were killed by spraying with M-Pede than by spraying with N. gossei extract or Margosan-O and when confined to treated leaf surfaces 1 h after spraying. At 1.5 and 3 h after spraying, both N. gossei extract and M-Pede killed more wasps than when spraying with Margosan-O. When wasps were released into greenhouses 3 h after spraying, fewer whiteflies were parasitized on tomato leaflets treated with biorationals than on leaflets treated with water. However, at 24 h after spraying tomato leaflets, parasitization was significantly higher on those treated with N. gossei extract and Margosan-O. Fewer wasps were found on leaflets treated with M-Pede. Although the 3 biorational insecticides caused mortality of E. formosa , the N. gossei extract was less detrimental than M-Pede to the viability of E. Formosa. . N. gossei extract could be used successfully with E. formosa in integrated pest management programs
Growth of California encephalitis and other viruses in Aedes dorsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) cell cultures.

Aedes dorsalis cells were evaluated for their susceptibility to California encephalitis (CE) virus, a bunyavirus, and 13 other viruses (6 bunyaviruses, 5 togaviruses, 2 rhabdoviruses). Those viruses naturally vectored by mosquitoes (CE, Jamestown Canyon, Trivittatus, Turlock, Hart Park, Western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis) and by Culicoides (Lokern, Main Drain and Buttonwillow) grew well in Ae. dorsalis cells. A tick-borne virus (Powassan) and 2 nonarthropod-borne viruses (Modoc and Rio Bravo) failed to replicate. The 2 rhabdoviruses Kern Canyon and Harl Park, grew in the Ae. dorsalis cultures, but multiplication occurred only after a 3-day latent period. Kern Canyon virus (insect vector, if any, unknown) has not been previously reported to replicate in mosquito cells. None of the viruses that grew in the mosquito cells produced overt cytopathic effects. Two subpopulations of Ae. dorsalis cells were more susceptible than parental cells to CE Virus by infectivity and immunofluorescent-antibody assays.
Predation of Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni , Pupae by the Striped Earwig, Labidura riparia , and Two Bird Species

The effectiveness of the striped earwig, Labidura riparia (Pallas), as a predator of the rupal stage of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hubner, was investigated by affixing laboratory-reared pupae to the undersides of cabbage leaves in the field and counting the number of pupae eaten per day. Two bird species the savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Wilson), and the palm warbler, Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin), were also significant predators which actively searched for and consumed pupae. By examining placed pupae both morning and evening, it was possible to ascertain the mortality caused by the earwig, the savannah sparrow, and the palm warbler. Both earwigs and sparrows were highly effective predators and consumed from 4 to 90% of the placed pupae over a 3-day period.
Hepatic infarction: MRI appearance

Because the liver is supplied with portal venous as well as hepatic arterial blood, hepatic infarction is a rare occurrence. Prior to the use of computed tomography (CT), ante mortem diagnosis of this entity was unusual. The CT findings in liver infarction have been described. However, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance has not been well characterized or illustrated. We present the CT and MRI findings of a biopsy-proven case of hepatic infarction.
Abstract 5002: Posttranslational modification of E2F1 during melanoma progression

Melanoma, the malignant tumor of melanocytes, accounts for approximately 78% of skin cancer related deaths. No current treatment significantly enhances disease-free survival once distant metastases have established. To facilitate the development of effective treatment strategies, it is imperative that we obtain a better understanding of the biology of melanoma cells as they progress through the various stages of disease. Previous studies have shown that E2F1, a transcription factor, is over-expressed in melanoma cells. Interaction between E2Fs and tumor suppressor, Rb is essential for regulation of cell cycle progression. E2F1 is known to be involved in other important biological processes, including DNA damage, DNA repair, differentiation, development, autophagy and apoptosis. However, the mechanism through which E2F1 is elevated in melanoma remains unknown. In normal cells in late S phase, E2F1 is recognized by the E3 ligase p45 SKP2, undergoes ubiquitination and is finally degraded in 26S proteasome. Since multiple post-translational modifications have been reported to affect the stability and functions of E2F1, we have hypothesized that during melanoma progression E2F1 fails to undergo degradation and this failure is due to post-translational modification of E2F1. In this study we have used melanoma cells of increasing disease progression. Our results show that primary melanoma cells have high level of E2F1 message and protein. We also found that E2F1 protein levels are not tightly regulated during cell cycle progression. Levels of E2F1 remain constantly high during cell cycle progression in the less metastatic melanoma cells. Consistent with these results, phosphorylation of E2F1 at Serine 337 is almost unchanged during cell cycle progression in the less metastatic melanoma cells. These results taken together suggest that this post-translational modification site may play an important role in stabilization of E2F1 in the primary melanoma cells that represent the radial and vertical growth phases of melanoma. Since modifications usually induce conformational changes, which may affect any following modifications, it is necessary to study the crosstalk among different modifications like acetylation and phosphorylation. The modifications towards the same direction may generate a specific array of modifications that can induce markedly stronger functional effects compared with those produced by the sum of single modifications. Therefore, it is intriguing to detect the coordination of different modifications and determine if there is such a modification array that regulates the stabilization and degradation of E2F1 resulting in the elevated E2F1 levels in melanoma cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5002. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5002
Reaction of Fulminate with Methemoglobin

The addition of a few drops of saturated aqueous mercuric fulminate or of 2% sodium fulminate solution to about 5 cc of millimolar methemoglobin prepared by the action of ferricyanide on laked human erythrocytes, causes the formation of a scarlet pigment which shows a spectroscopic picture similar to that of cyanmethemoglobin. It differs from cyanmethemoglobin, however, in that the addition of alkali causes a change in the spectroscopic band to those of alkaline methemoglobin, in the case of the fulminate derivative, whereas when cyanmethemoglobin is treated with alkali its band persists. The color intensity of the fulminate derivative appears to be about half that of an equimolecular solution of cyanmethemoglobin.Saturated silver fulminate precipitates methemoglobin from solution, the precipitate being red in color. Where the methemoglobin solution has been prepared by the action of quinhydrone on hemoglobin, mercuric fulminate likewise causes a similar precipitate. This would indicate a difference betwe...
Application of Information Security Key Technologies for Smart Grid in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city

By analyzing the construction status of security classified protection for electric information systems and the security demand of smart grid,this paper proposes an information security protection model for smart grid based on classified protection. According to the characteristics of smart grid,the presented model describes possible information security protections from aspects of physical,terminal,boundary,network,host,application and data security. With the aim of enhancing the information security defense capability of smart grid,the proposed model can be useful and practical during the construction of smart grid information security facilities.
Purification and characterization of 5-ketofructose reductase from Erwinia citreus

5-Ketofructose reductase [D(-)fructose:(NADP+) 5-oxidoreductase] was purified to homogeneity from Erwinia citreus and demonstrated to catalyse the reversible NADPH-dependent reduction of 5-ketofructose (D-threo-2,5-hexodiulose) to D-fructose. The enzyme appeared as a single species upon analyses by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing with an apparent relative molecular mass of 40,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.4. The amino acid composition of the enzyme and the N-terminal sequence of the first 39 residues are described. The steady-state kinetic mechanism was an ordered one with NADPH binding first to the enzyme and then to 5-ketofructose, and the order of product release was D-fructose followed by NADP+. The reversible nature of the reaction offers the possibility of using this enzyme for the determination of D-fructose.
Eine Steuerliste aus Hermupolis. Neuedition von SPP XX 40+48

P.Vindob. G 2039 und 2047 wurden beide 1921 von C. Wessely als SPP XX 40 und 48 publiziert. Die Zeichnungen der bei den Fragmente, die Wessely seiner Ausgabe beigegeben hatte, und die Ahnlichkeit der Texte haben mich ver anlast zu vermuten, das beide Fragmente zusammengehoren.
Misadventures in nasal tip surgery. Analysis and repair.

The majority of nasal tip surgery complications result from a failure to understand and appreciate the dynamic consequences of various surgical maneuvers upon nasal tip integrity and anatomy. The magnitude and variety of complications possible from nasal tip surgery are limited only by the total number of surgeons and operations carried out worldwide. It is convenient to categorize tip surgical complications as resulting from (1) overly conservative surgery or (2) overly aggressive surgery. This article provides a systematic overview of nasal tip complications, and emphasizes the importance of analysis and accurate diagnosis prior to developing a corrective surgical procedure. Complications of nasal tip surgery are far less likely if surgical approaches to the tip are based entirely upon the anatomy encountered, employing a graduated systematic anatomic approach to tip sculpture.
Puncturing the myths of acupuncture

Acupuncture is a widely practiced system of medicine that has been in place for thousands of years. Consumer interest and use of acupuncture are becoming increasingly popular in the United States, as it is used to treat a multitude of symptoms and disease processes as well as to maintain health and prevent illness. A growing body of evidence increasingly validates the practice of acupuncture. Further developing scientific data will play an important role in the future of acupuncture and other complementary and alternative medicines in public health. Acupuncture is commonly used concurrently with conventional medicine. Although acupuncture is embraced by consumers and medical professionals, misconceptions abound. We have explored and dispelled ten misconceptions common to the practice of acupuncture, utilizing an evidence-based approach. As the trend of merging conventional medical care with acupuncture treatment grows, it is important to develop a conceptual model of integrative medicine. Using a scientific evidence approach will create a structure from which to begin and grow confidence among conventional medical providers. Acupuncture is a safe and effective modality when performed properly by trained professionals. Educating both the consumer and medical community is important to enable appropriate and evidence-based applications of acupuncture and integration with conventional medicine for high-quality patient care.