cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUBCUTANEOUS ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA

SUMMARY.— Persistent subcutaneous nodules on the head and neck with distinctive histological features of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia are reported in nine patients. They were all young adults and had one or more lesions ranging from 1 to 10 cm. in diameter. Apart from blood eosinophilia, there were no systemic manifestations. While some lesions persisted for several years, the condition appears to be benign. The nodules lie mainly in the sub-cutis but sometimes extend into the overlying dermis and deeply into muscle or fascia. They are composed of unencapsulated masses of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with the following components: 1. Exuberant proliferation of capillary vessels, often with imperfectly canalized masses of endothelium. 2. Massive infiltration with eosinophils and an excess of mast cells. 3. Reticulin formation but little collagenous fibrosis. 4. Lymphoreticular hyperplasia, increasing with the duration of the lesion and leading to lymphoid follicle formation in lesions of one year or more duration. The clinical and histological features suggest enough common ground for regarding subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia as a distinct pathological entity. Its relation to Kimura's disease as described in Japan is discussed.
Oxidative Cell Membrane Alteration: Evidence for Surfactant‐Mediated Sealinga

: Exposure to very intense ionizing irradiation produces acute tissue sequelae including inflammation, pain, and swelling that often results in tissue fibrosis and/or necrosis. Acute tissue necrosis occurs in hours when sufficiently rapid damage to membrane lipids and proteins leads to altered membrane structure, disrupting the vital electrochemical diffusion barrier necessary for cell survival. 1,2 This damage mechanism is thought to underlie the interphase death of lethally irradiated postmitotic cells such as neurons, but it has also been implicated in the rapid cell death of lymphocytes and acute vascular changes due to capillary epithelium dysfunction. 3,4 It is not known whether sealing of radiation-permeabilized cell membranes will prolong survival of lethally irradiated cells or perhaps lead to repair of damaged nucleic acids. The purpose of this study is to begin to address the first question.
Multicomponent structure in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of transition metal compounds☆

Abstract This paper is a summary of work in progress on a comprehensive study of the nature of satellite lines in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The work can be broken down into three principal areas: (1) The satellite structure arising from photoionization in the K shell of transition metal compounds has been measured using CuKα x rays. From these data the relative importance of electron shake up and multiples splitting has been ascertained. (2) A systematic study of the satellite structure following photoionization in the 2p subshell of the metal ion for first row transition metal halides, hexacyano complexes, acetyl acetonates and other miscellaneous compounds. The data can be explained in terms of monopole excitation involving either charge exchange between ligand and metal orbitals or excitation of electrons in the 3d orbital. (3) A study of multiplet splitting in the 3s subshell of nickel for a series of NiFe x Cr 2-x O 4 alloys has been carried out and compared with measurements on the hyper field interactions from Mossbauer experiments.
Excitation of the spin-isospin giant resonance by 180° inelastic electron scattering

Abstract A very simple Goldhaber-Teller type of collective model is formulated to describe the “spin-isospin” giant resonance in nuclear matter. The model is used to calculate 180° electron scattering form factors and the results are compared with experiment for 12 C and 16 O. These results account qualitatively for the observed behaviour of the giant resonance form factors as functions of q , although quantitative agreement with experiment is not completely obtained. Some consequences of these results are discussed.
Advanced Modulation and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output for Multimode Fiber Links

We evaluate the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) concepts and their applicability in increasing data rates achievable in multimode fibers. We draw on several MIMO techniques used commonly in wireless standards, and experimentally evaluate their performance benefits to a 3-km multimode fiber link. Using two transmitters and two detectors in concert, with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), we achieved a data rate of 12 Gb/s, exceeding the fiber's characteristic bandwidth length product by over 20-fold. It is expected that MIMO strategies can provide significant benefits to local and metropolitan area networks in terms of network cost and complexity, power budget, and data rate.
Nonspecific vaginal infections: A critical evaluation of hemophilus vaginalis

Abstract 1.1. The results of this investigation clearly demonstrate the presence of a gram-negative bacillus conforming to the description of Hemophilus vaginalis in the vaginal flora. 2.2. This organism was never isolated in pure culture, but was always found to be associated with one or more bacteria. 3.3. No evidence was found that suggested H. vaginalis to be the etiological agent in nonspecific vaginitis. 4.4. A new form of triple sulfonamide therapy, a vaginal tablet, was found to be equally as effective and acceptable as triple sulfonamide therapy in the form of a cream.
Not all depression is created equal: sex interacts with disease to precipitate depression

Depression is a common mental disorder that co-occurs in other neurological and somatic diseases. Further, sex differences exist in the prevalence rates of many of these diseases, as well as within non-disease associated depression. In this review, the case is made for needing a better recognition of the source of the symptoms of depression with respect to the sex of the individual; in that, some disease states, which includes the neuroendocrine and immune reactions to the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, may initiate depressive symptoms more often in one sex over the other. The diseases specifically addressed to make this argument are: epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. For each of these conditions, a review of the following are presented: prevalence rates of the conditions within each sex, prevalence rates of depressive symptoms within the conditions, identified relationships to gonadal hormones, and possible interactions between gonadal hormones, adrenal hormones, and immune signaling. Conclusions are drawn suggesting that an evaluation of the root causes for depressive symptoms in patients with these conditions is necessary, as the underlying mechanisms for eliciting the depressive symptoms may be qualitatively different across the four diseases discussed. This review attempts to identify and understand the mechanisms of depression associated with these diseases, in the context of the known sex differences in the disease prevalence and its age of onset. Hence, more extensive, sex-specific model systems are warranted that utilize these disease states to elicit depressive symptoms in order to create more focused, efficient, and sex-specific treatments for patients suffering from these diseases and concurrent depressive symptoms.
The Role of Compensation in Siting Hazardous Facilities

Empirical evidence indicates that compensation can prove effective in gaining public acceptance for siting facilities on the benign end of the spectrum (e.g., landfills, prisons), but is subject to serious limitations when it comes to facilities that the public regards as particularly risky or of questionable legitimacy such as nuclear waste repositories. These facilities require creative mitigation measures such as independent inspections of the facility and local shutdown power. Even then they may be viewed as too risky to be acceptable with or without compensation. This article proposes a two-stage siting process which recognizes the importance of regulations and safety standards (Stage 1) while employing a voluntary process with compensation to address concerns with equity and efficiency (Stage 2).
Structural Conditions of Achievement Among Whites and Blacks in the Rural South.

Achievement motives and value orientations among black and white adolescent males were studied in eight small communities in the rural South. Significant differences between white and black achievement scores were observed, leading to a search for the structural conditions best accounting for these differences. The generally low achievement among blacks was attributed to general patterns of community oppression. Low achievement motives were linked to the caste-like occupational structure as it apparently influenced black family socialization, whereas low achievement value orientations were associated with perceptions of opportunities for mobility among blacks. These conclusions were felt to have implications for the general literature on achievement, as well as for the current “culture of poverty” controversy.
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence with Anticholinergics in Patients taking Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Dementia

Clinicians often encounter patients with dementia and urge incontinence who might benefit from both an anticholinergic medication and a cholinesterase inhibitor. At first glance, this combination would seem to violate basic principles of geriatric pharmacology, as the drugs appear to be working at cross-purposes and anticholinergic medications are notorious for worsening cognitive function in susceptible patients. A case is presented and discussed in which this combination was clinically effective and pharmacologically sound.
Long‐Term Prognosis Of CIDP: A Study of 49 Patients

In 1975 Dyck et al. (Mayo Clin Proc. 1975, 50:621) reported that 10% of their patients with CIDP died, 28% were confined to wheelchair/bed and 8% were ambulatory and not able to work. More recent papers (Bouchard et al., Neurology 1999, 52:498; Gorson et al., Neurology 1997, 48:321) have reported quite similar data: 27–29% of treated patients need assistance for most activities and 7–10% of patients die. These findings are in contrast with the progressive expansion of therapeutic repertoire observed over the last 25 years. We describe the outcome of 49 patients affected by CIDP observed in our Institute from 1986 to 2000. All patients underwent extensive electrophysiological examination. Sural nerve biopsy was carried out in 45/49 patients. Selection criteria included clear-cut evidence of conduction blocks or demyelination at pathological examination. Patients were treated with corticosteroids, IVIg, and PE. Patients on refractory to standard therapies received azathioprine or Interferon alpha. Taken as a whole, outcome was good in 84% of our patients: 33 (67%) achieved clinical remission and 8 (17%) improved significantly. 12% of our patients were unresponsive to all treatments. 4% died as the result of progression of the disease to severe quadriplegia with respiratory failure. Patients achieving recovery were separated in two distinct groups: patients showing a remission period after treatment withdrawal (16 patients) and patients needing permanent therapies to maintain improvement (17 patients). In the former group, 8 patients had a monophasic course with a follow-up of 6 months to 9 years (mean 47 months); 8 patients showed a relapsing-remitting course with a drug-free period ranging from 6 months to 20 years, 50% reaching a remission period of at least 5 years. Regarding the latter group, clinical remission while taking therapies lasted 3 months to 4 years. In conclusion, we found that prognosis of CIDP is better than reported in the literature. Selection criteria and different therapeutic approach may explain such discrepancy.
The Somatosensory Link in Fibromyalgia: Functional Connectivity of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Is Altered by Sustained Pain and Is Associated With Clinical/Autonomic Dysfunction

Chronic pain patients feel pain as a primarily somatosensory sensation, although it is well understood that clinical pain is much more than somatic and encompasses multiple affective and cognitive domains. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prototypical functional pain syndrome characterized by multi-dimensional symptomatology. Symptoms include widespread pain, mood disturbance with significant pain catastrophizing, cognitive and physical fatigue, dysfunction of autonomic activity, and amplified sensitivity and temporal summation to experimental pain stimuli (1).Multiple neuroimaging studies have supported the theory that FM is primarily a multi-system disorder of central nervous system (e.g. brain) processing. However, the precise linkage between the circuitries processing somatic sensation with those underlying broader affective and cognitive domains remains unknown. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) is an adaptation of fMRI that may help assess brain circuitry supporting spontaneous clinical pain. While spontaneous clinical pain(2), and negative affect (3) components of FM have been linked to altered resting (or intrinsic)functional brain connectivity, previous studies have not systematically probed the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) – a potentially integral brain area for somatic symptomatology such as pain. In FM, decreased secondary somatosensory (S2) connectivity to primary motor cortex (3), and reduced connectivity between S2 and S1 (4) were also recently reported. Interestingly, S1 connectivity is also sensitive to sustained experimental pain stimulation in healthy adults (5), suggesting malleable state-like properties for S1 connectivity networks. This view is consistent with generalized reports that functional brain connectivity can reflect both state and trait processes (6). Such state processes may even underlie the hyperalgesia, allodynia, and temporal summation commonly noted in chronic pain patients, as region-specific changes in S1 connectivity may support maladaptive changes in central processing of somatosensory afference. Our current study investigated evoked-pain state induced alterations in S1 connectivity in chronic pain patients suffering from FM. We also explored how altered S1 connectivity is associated with clinically-relevant variables such as pain intensity and pain-related catastrophizing, key determinants of FM morbidity. Furthermore, we linked evoked deep-tissue pain modulated S1 connectivity with temporal summation of pain and core non-somatic aspects of FM pathophysiology including altered autonomic modulation. The latter investigation follows past studies that have noted autonomic dysfunction in FM patients (7), linking such dysfunction with clinically-relevant parameters (7, 8). We hypothesized that multi-system pathology, common to FM, is supported by altered functional S1 connectivity at rest and/or in response to evoked nociceptive stimuli highly relevant to FM patients – i.e. deep-tissue pain.
MOCVD of Wide Bandgap III-V Semiconductors by using Novel Precursors

Thin films of aluminum nitride have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) from diethylaluminum azide. Growth rates of AIN on Si(111) were monitored in-situ with laser interferometry. The growth rate was linear in the partial pressure of the reactant at high temperatures and sublinear at low temperatures. A simple surface reaction mechanism consistent with these observations has been proposed. Surface reaction kinetics and mechanism were further investigated by steady-state kinetic mass spectrometry. Parameters in the growth rate expression were determined by a nonlinear regression of growth rate data. A typical sample of AIN on B-plane sapphire showed a bandgap of about 5.2eV which was increased to 5.9eV upon annealing in nitrogen at atmosphere pressure.
PhoneNet: a phone-to-phone network for group communication within an administrative domain

This paper proposes PhoneNet, an application framework to support direct group communication among phones without relay nodes. PhoneNet presents the familiar abstraction of a multi-user chat service to application writers. It performs two main functions: inviting participants to the chat room and routing data between participants directly without going through any intermediaries.Made possible by a generic chat room service embedded in the network itself, all application-specific code in PhoneNet applications runs on the phones themselves. Unlike the conventional server-client model, this design does not require scalable central servers that can handle all simultaneous interactions.As a first step, we have created a prototype of PhoneNet that works within an administrative domain. The multicast functionality among phones is implemented on top of a software-defined network (SDN). We have developed two applications using PhoneNet: teleconferencing and photo-sharing. Our experience suggests that it is easy to develop PhoneNet applications and PhoneNet appears to be effective in reducing network traffic.
Airborne passive Fourier transform infrared remote sensing of methanol vapor from industrial emissions.

Passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) remote sensing measurements are applied to the detection of methanol vapor plumes released from a chemical manufacturing facility. With the spectrometer mounted in a downward-looking mode on a fixed-wing aircraft, overflights of the facility are made during the methanol release. Signal processing and pattern recognition methods are applied to the acquired data for the purpose of constructing an automated classification algorithm for the methanol detection. The analysis is based on the use of short, digitally filtered segments of the raw interferogram data collected by the spectrometer. The classifiers are trained with data collected on the ground by use of an experimental protocol designed to simulate background conditions observed from the air. Optimization of the digital filtering and interferogram segment parameters leads to successful classifiers based on 100 or 120 interferogram points. The optimal interferogram segment location is found to be 95-points displaced from the centerburst, and the best performing digital filters are centered on the methanol C–O stretching band at 1036 cm−1 and have a passband full-width at half-maximum of 100 to 160 cm−1. The best classifiers achieve classification errors of less than 1% and are observed to be resistant to possible interference effects from species such as ethanol and ozone. This work demonstrates the utility of airborne passive FT-IR remote sensing measurements of volatile organic compounds under complex background conditions such as those encountered while monitoring an operating industrial facility.
Dispersion copolymerization in non-aqueous media

Recent developments in dispersion copolymerization including particle formation in both polar and nonpolar media are discussed. The effects of stabilizer, reaction medium and initiation rate on particle size and distribution in homo- and copolymerization are described, and in particular, processes leading to the formation of monodisperse latices and the crosslinking of these microspheres will be examined.
Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites

Graphene-based materials are single- or few-layer platelets that can be produced in bulk quantities by chemical methods. Herein, we present a survey of the literature on polymer nanocomposites with graphene-based fillers including recent work using graphite nanoplatelet fillers. A variety of routes used to produce graphene-based materials are reviewed, along with methods for dispersing these materials in various polymer matrices. We also review the rheological, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of these composites, and how each of these composite properties is dependent upon the intrinsic properties of graphene-based materials and their state of dispersion in the matrix. An overview of potential applications for these composites and current challenges in the field are provided for perspective and to potentially guide future progress on the development of these promising materials.
Compelled to try: the never-enough quality of conceptive technology.

In this article I use literature from the medical and social sciences, as well as interviews with women and couples with fertility impairments, to argue against locating the compelling character of conceptive technology exclusively in pronatalist or patriarchal agendas. I suggest that the attraction to this technology derives not only from these broader cultural values but also from the way that the technology itself works (or does not work). Studying conceptive techniques helps illuminate why enough never seems to be enough for couples and physicians in pursuit of fertility.
The Effect of Schematic Context on Mental Imagery

A strong relationship exists between a word's power to arouse imagery and how memorable the word is. Although researchers have reported this relationship to be linear in nature, it can be U-shaped: Words rated as either easy or difficult in arousing an image can be recalled very well, while words rated as neutral are recalled poorly. A U-shaped function seems to occur when people image words in a schematic context. In this study, college students were asked to suppose that they were at a park (the schematic context) while rating words for the ease with which they aroused images. Students in a control condition also rated the words for ease of image arousal, but they were told nothing about a park or any other schema. In two other similar conditions, students rated words for the ease of arousing memories rather than images. After rating the words students recalled them. Results were generally consistent with the U-shaped function, suggesting schema involvement. That is, words rated as easy were consistent ...
Adaptive leakage control on body biasing for reducing power consumption in CMOS VLSI circuit

Power dissipation is an important issue in VLSI circuit design. This paper emphasizes on adaptive leakage control using body bias technique to reduce the power dissipation of the 65 nm MOS devices. Through adding forward body biasing, the leakage is reduced in sub-100 nm CMOS devices (unlike above-100 nm devices) while slightly increasing the signal propagation delay. For the conditions where the circuit does not use up the entire clock cycle, this slack can be used to reduce the power dissipation without any loss in performance. The fact that the circuit delay remains less than the clock period provides the opportunity to reduce power consumption of VLSI circuits. The objective is to change the voltage of the body bias to reduce leakage, allowing the circuit to consume less power whenever the clock edge can be met as detected beforehand.
Relaxation in extracted muscle fibers.

1. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in low concentrations imitates all the known effects of the relaxation factor ("Marsh factor"). In extracted muscle fibers which have contracted in a solution containing adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), the addition of EBTA causes relaxation, the subsequent addition of CaCl2, contraction. 2. In fibers which have been briefly immersed in 5 MM EDTA, ATP causes rapid relaxation if Mg is also present. These fibers have essentially the same properties as briefly extracted fibers. Brief immersion into a solution containing CaCl2 restores at once the original condition. It is concluded that EDTA produces its action by firmly combining with bound Ca, thereby inactivating it. 3. In relaxed muscle fibers not only Ca, but also lowering the concentration of Mg below a critical level, causes contraction. In such fibers Mg in the lowest effective concentrations increases contraction, but the effect reverses above a certain concentration. 4. At 0° Mg in the presence of ATP has a relaxing effect without the relaxation factor. 5. The results indicate that Mg has two distinct effects in the presence of ATP. It causes contraction at low concentrations, but above a critical concentration its relaxing action prevails. The last of these effects is blocked by bound Ca. If the latter is inactivated by EDTA, Mg in sufficiently high concentrations causes relaxation. The action of the relaxation factor can similarly be explained by assuming that it acts as a complexing agent which inactivates bound Ca. 6. Previous evidence that the relaxed state depends on the formation of an enzymatically inactive ATP-protein complex was confirmed. It was found that PP in low concentrations strongly increases the relaxing effect of ATP in briefly extracted fibers.
Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa

Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. Meave G. Leakey and John M. Harris (eds). 2003. Columbia University Press, New York, 688 p., cloth, ISBN 0-231-11870-8. The fossil site known as Lothagam lies west of the southern end of Lake Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolf) in northern Kenya. The Turkana Basin is famous for its paleontological, paleoanthropological, and archeological records from both east and west of this large lake in the eastern part of the rift system. The Plio-Pleistocene outcrops have been the focus of important research in early hominid taxonomy and evolution, subsistence behavior of early hominids, the tempo and mode of evolution in lacustrine gastropods, vertebrate taphonomy, and mammalian faunal turnover, as well as basic systematic paleontology of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. Lothagam is a more restricted area (∼60 km2 of outcrop) and its strata are older—late Miocene to early Pliocene, overlain unconformably by Quaternary sands, gravels, and coquinas. Only a handful of African sites document this time period that includes the Messinian salinity crisis and major floral and faunal changes in many parts of the world. Thus, this monograph is a welcome publication for those who work on the later Neogene, and for paleoanthropologists interested in the ecological context of basal hominids. Paleontological work began at Lothagam in 1967 under Bryan Patterson and continued sporadically until 1989, when Meave Leakey and John Harris co-led interdisciplinary research teams in five field seasons to document the geology, geochronology, paleontology, paleoanthropology, and isotope geochemistry of the sediments and faunas. This monograph covers primarily the results of these field seasons from 1989 to 1993, although there are frequent references to results from the earlier field work. The early field seasons retrieved over 500 specimens, including many vertebrate fossils. The fauna documented in the monograph is based on about 1,500 described …
Targeting death receptors: is this trail still hot?

Despite tremendous improvements in the survival of patients with pediatric solid tumors, outcomes for metastatic solid tumors and tumors that fail upfront therapy remains dismal (1,2). Further dose intensification of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation has not improved survival and new treatment strategies are desperately needed.
Mink: An Incremental Data-Driven Dependency Parser with Integrated Conversion to Semantics

While there are several data-driven dependency parsers, there is still a gap with regards to incrementality. However, as shown in Brick and Scheutz [3], incremental processing is necessary in human-robot interaction. As is shown in Nivre et al. [12], dependency parsing is well-suited for mostly incremental processing. However, there is as of yet no dependency parser that combines syntax and semantics by including traditional dependency parsing, CCG tagging, and lambdalogical structures in one fast, accurate application suitable for embodied natural language processing. This paper addresses that gap by introducing Mink, an incremental data-driven dependency parser with integrated conversion to semantics. We show that Mink is comparable to similar but non-incremental parsers, and that it succeeds at performing some semantic analysis.
The County Sheriff in Films: A Portrait of Law Enforcement as a Symbol of Rural America

For years, there has existed a gap in academic research on county sheriffs in their role in rural law enforcement. However, the image of the county sheriff has been caricatured perennially on the silver screen, ie, in films. This study, rooted in cultivation theory, uses qualitative film analysis in an attempt to identify common themes and heuristics in media portrayals of the sheriff. After identifying these themes, we explore the implications of these portrayals for public perceptions of the sheriff as a professional law enforcement officer and as an elected official. We argue that the sheriff serves as a symbol of rural America — and conclude by discussing the implications of this phenomenon and how it might be ameliorated by more intense research focused on the sheriff.
Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, decreases macrophage motility.

Cellular locomotion results from a series of spatially and temporally integrated reactions. The coordinated regulation of these reactions requires sensitive intracellular signaling mechanisms. Beca...
Effect of soil texture on soil physical properties and regulations

Taking tillage brown soil as experimental material,and using the method of indoor incubation experiment,we studied effects of sand content on soil basic physical properties and the regulations of organic matter on it. the results showed that with the content of soil sand increased to C K( sand content 31. 51%),soil bulk density increased by 2% ~ 15%,and soil water capacity was reduced than the control by 1% ~ 11%. Organic matter could reduce soil bulk density by 10% than the control. As sand content in the range of 30% ~ 70%,adding organic matter could better keep soil moisture,but it would be not obvious when sand content more than 70%. REDOX potential would go down with the adding amount of organic matter.
Supporting Human Dignity and Human Rights A Call to Adopt the First Principle of Human-Centered Design

Technical and professional communication (TPC), like human-centered design, has long been human centric. But TPC struggles with the complexities of determining which humans are at the center of our...
Establishing and Teaching Elective Courses

Electives have long been an integral and well-established component of medical educational programs in the United States. Beyond the year 4 electives traditionally targeted at career exploration, there has been growing interest in electives designed for enrichment and in elective experiences in years 1 through 3. This chapter provides an opportunity to consider electives in medical education as an important and often under-recognized component of the required curriculum.
Heart Failure Hospitalization by Race/Ethnicity, Gender and Age in California: Implications for Prevention.

Objective: We examined variation in rates of hospitalization, risk factors, and costs by race/ethnicity, gender and age among heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: We analyzed California hospital discharge data for patients in 2007 (n=58,544) and 2010 (n=57,219) with a primary diagnosis of HF (ICD-9 codes: 402, 404, 428). HF cases included African Americans (Blacks; 14%), Hispanic/Latinos (21%), and non-Hispanic Whites (65%). Age-adjusted prevalence rates per 100,000 US population were computed per CDC methodology. Results: Four major trends emerged: 1) Overall HF rates declined by 7.7% from 284.7 in 2007 to 262.8 in 2010; despite the decline, the rates for males and Blacks remained higher compared with others in both years; 2) while rates for Blacks (aged ≤54) were 6 times higher compared with same age Whites, rates for Hispanics were higher than Whites in the middle age category; 3) risk factors for HF included hypertension, chronic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and 4) submitted hospitalization costs were higher for males, Blacks, and younger patients compared with other groups. Conclusion: Health inequality in HF persists as hospitalization rates for Blacks remain higher compared with Whites and Hispanics. These findings reinforce the need to determine whether increased access to providers, or implementing proven hypertension and diabetes preventive programs among minorities might reduce subsequent hospitalization for HF in these populations. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):345-354; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.345
Reflections on China's Belt and Road Initiative

ABSTRACTSince 2013, China’s leadership have been proposing a New Silk Road also called One Belt One Road to refer to the Silk Road Economic Belt (by land) and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (by sea). This article focuses on the overland routes connecting Xinjiang in China to Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan, its historical antecedents, and the role of Xinjiang as a gateway to China’s contemporary Silk Road connections.
The Evolution of a Data Communications Network in an University Hospital

The Hospital University of Pennsylvania has designed and completed the first of three phases of a data communications network. The network has a star topology, and its message protocol is based on message broadcasting. The central node, governing the network, is currently linked to five peripheral systems: Laboratory, Radiology, Financial, Admissions, and Patient Management. Technically the network has presented no problems. Its modularity parallels the Hospital’s organization and catalyzes indepth departmental analysis and system design. Aspects of physical planning for the network were not unusual. In our hands, the methods for training large numbers of users needs more investigation. Most importantly, the network is cost beneficial.
Uncertainty, Indeterminacy, Omniscience, and Other Matters

Farrell explores how the view of language presented in Chapter 2 helps us distinguish the uncertainly and underdeterminacy which belong to most language from the indeterminacy which does not. Clarifying the author’s role allows resistance to Barthes’ “death of the author” and a reconsideration of the various characters with which critics have sought to fill the author’s place, including the implied author, the omniscient narrator, the poetic speaker, and the author function. In the last two sections, Farrell situates his own philosophical assumptions in relation to Derrida and deconstruction and provides a historical sketch of the different conceptions of authorship in premodern, modern, and postmodern culture.
Reactivity to unpredictable threat as a treatment target for fear-based anxiety disorders.

Background Heightened reactivity to unpredictable threat (U-threat) is a core individual difference factor underlying fear-based psychopathology. Little is known, however, about whether reactivity to U-threat is a stable marker of fear-based psychopathology or if it is malleable to treatment. The aim of the current study was to address this question by examining differences in reactivity to U-threat within patients before and after 12-weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Methods Participants included patients with principal fear (n = 22) and distress/misery disorders (n = 29), and a group of healthy controls (n = 21) assessed 12-weeks apart. A well-validated threat-of-shock task was used to probe reactivity to predictable (P-) and U-threat and startle eyeblink magnitude was recorded as an index of defensive responding. Results Across both assessments, individuals with fear-based disorders displayed greater startle magnitude to U-threat relative to healthy controls and distress/misery patients (who did not differ). From pre- to post-treatment, startle magnitude during U-threat decreased only within the fear patients who received CBT. Moreover, within fear patients, the magnitude of decline in startle to U-threat correlated with the magnitude of decline in fear symptoms. For the healthy controls, startle to U-threat across the two time points was highly reliable and stable. Conclusions Together, these results indicate that startle to U-threat characterizes fear disorder patients and is malleable to treatment with CBT but not SSRIs within fear patients. Startle to U-threat may therefore reflect an objective, psychophysiological indicator of fear disorder status and CBT treatment response.
The Median Value of a Continuous Function

SummaryUsing a limit we define the median value of a continuous function on a bounded interval and we explicate the connection between the median and area minimization.With the help of Lebesgue mea...
Studies onnanomaterial coated passive single mode fiber device response inhigh speed optical systems

The influence of nanomaterials potential in every fields is well appreciated throughout well by researchers and industrialists. The generation and lossless propagation of gigahertz frequency signal pulses have become the current trend in photonic fiber laser source systems. One among such systems which is considered here, is a mode locked fiber laser system. In this paper we have simulated a single mode fiber coated with three different promising nanomaterials zinc oxide, Gallium Nitride and graphene and their effect on optical characteristics and electric field parameters have been studied. These components and its combined implementation is considered everywhere for research studies in the field of nanotechnology as they have the inherent potential of saturable absorption, high nonlinearity factor and potentially high optical threshold. These characteristics make them the future candidates in the field of nanophotonics based communication systems.
Breast masses. In-office evaluation with diagnostic triad.

PreviewA frightened woman who has discovered a lump in her breast wants an immediate diagnosis. Fortunately, as Dr Hindle describes, proper use of examination, aspiration, and mammography can usually put the patient's fears to rest in the initial office visit. He provides a clinical algorithm to follow in a patient with a breast mass and summarizes the American Cancer Society recommendations for breast examination and mammography.
Effects of parameter and data uncertainty on long-term projections in a model of the global forest sector

Abstract This study explored the consequences for long-term projections and impact analysis of the uncertainty in model parameters and initial conditions. Using the Global Forest Products Model, multiple replications of projections were carried out with parameters or initial condition data sampled randomly from their assumed distribution. The results showed that parameter uncertainty led to uncertainty of the projections increasing steadily with the time horizon, and more rapidly than the uncertainty stemming from initial conditions. Among the parameter uncertainties, those in the supply and demand elasticities tended to dominate the uncertainty in the other parameters describing forest growth, manufacturing activities, and trade inertia. In an application to impact analysis it was found that, due only to the uncertainty of the model parameters, and conditional on other assumptions, an assumed rise in global temperature of 2.8 °C over a century caused the forest stock in 2065 to be 2.4% to 4.0% higher in developed countries, and 2.5% to 3.9% lower in developing countries, with 68% probability, a conservative estimate of the true uncertainty given all the other factors involved in such a prediction.
The Orbital Elements of a Visual Binary

The orbit of a visual pair describes, in the form of seven so-called orbital elements, the motion of the companion relative to the primary star, such as is obtained from the relative observations. In the two-body problem with the masses M1 and M2, the radius vector r, and the constant of gravitation k2, the relative motion is represented by the second-order differential equation $${d^2}r/d{t^2} = - {k^2}\left( {{M_1} = {M_2}} \right)r/|r{|^3}$$ (4) . Its six scalar constants of integration correspond to six elements which suffice to specify a particular solution if the total mass M1 + M2 is assumed to be known. This holds for the solar system but not for double stars. The Kepler laws describe the solutions of Equation (4), and the 1st and 2nd laws are readily utilized: the motion proceeds in a conic section (an ellipse, if periodic) with the primary star in the focus, and the area swept by the radius vector in the conic section is constant per unit of time. The 3rd law (formula 1), although equally valid, cannot be applied until the orbit is known, and a determination of the unknown total mass is attempted. The semiaxis major, therefore, is an independent element and, moreover, from visual and all positional data known only in arc sec, not in linear measure such as astronomical units or kilometers.
Temperament and Behavior Problems in the Classroom

In the past 40 years much of interest to educators, physicians, and psychologists has been learned about temperament differences among children, but this information may not yet have been fully inc...
Managing Water Resources for Adaptation to Climate Change

A selective overview is presented of US. federal water resources planning and management as it is practiced under contemporary climate variability. The premise of this paper is that the allocation, distribution, planning, design, operation, regulation — i.e., all of the functions that comprise water resources supply management as it has evolved during the past 25 years, together with the range of complementary demand management tools and measures, comprise virtually the same set that should serve as the basis of an adaptive response strategy to postulated climate change. The diverse programs, procedures and authorities of the Corps of Engineers are used to illustrate how the accumulation of numerous small changes in the present range of water resources management practices and procedures increases the flexibility for adaptation to current climate uncertainty and serves as a precursor to future possible responses within an ill-defined, changing climatic regime.
Complex quantifiers with genitive and concord in Old English and beyond

In this paper, we establish the empirical correlation that in Old English, the morphology on the quantified element is related to the morpho-syntactic status of the quantifier. While quantified DPs are always in the genitive, quantified non-DPs vary between genitive and concord based on the status of the quantifier. The quantifiers that take only genitive dependents contain uninflected particles and cannot be modified; those that occur with non-DP-size dependents in concord are inflected as adjectives and can be modified by degree words. We propose that particle-like quantifiers are in a head position but that quantifiers with adjectival properties are in a specifier position. The quantified dependents are also argued to be in different positions: all DP dependents are in the genitive and proposed to be the complement of N; in contrast, non-DP dependents are either in a specifier position (if genitive) or part of the nominal projection line (if concord). We wind up with the proposal that head-like quantifiers assign genitive case to their specifiers but adjective-like quantifiers do not. This proposal is confirmed in two related languages: most quantifiers in Old High German are of the head type and thus occur with genitive dependents, while all Old Icelandic quantifiers under investigation are adjective-like and take non-DP dependents in concord.
"Lingua Francas" beyond English: Multilingual Repertoires among Immigrants in a Southwestern US Border Town.

English is often assumed to be the national language in the US and the global language in the world; yet such views fail to address the complex linguistic repertoires of people living in linguistic...
Pillar Three: Maintaining Complete Documentation

From the outset, AO members were committed to documenting all of their cases and, thus, enshrined this commitment in the AO by-laws. Members were required to make a copy of each case available to other members. The by-laws further stated that members must document their own Osteosynthesis, according to common guidelines; record the cases in such a way that they could be analyzed statistically; grant all other members access to their documentation, while at the same time be granted access to all of their fellow AO colleagues’ documentation. At that time, when surgeons were eager to talk about their successes while also keeping a lid on their failures, this represented a far-reaching commitment among members.
What Kind of Research Do We Want?: Good Research

From January 1, 2012 - December 31, 2016, David Salisbury and Andrew Schwarz served as Editors-in-Chief of The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems. In this reflection, the former editors-in-chief share how their relationship with this publication as well as their own partnership emerged over time. Salisbury and Schwarz share some of their major accomplishments while serving in this role as they sought to develop and promote this publication during their tenure.
"TEACHING TABLES:" Increasing Student Accountability in Group Projects

This talk will focus on strategies to promote student engagement, learning and accountability in student learning teams. In our experience, students frequently complain about an uneven labor distribution when working collaboratively on course assignments. In order to increase student accountability in teams, we implemented a number of interventions throughout the semester. Students were grouped students based on their availability for meetings, and demographic characteristics, thus promoting diversity while increasing student perceptions of procedural justice and control. The first project deliverable was a team charter, requiring groups to set clear norms for communication and conflict resolution. As the teams began working and norms were established, students completed â€œTeam Experience Surveysâ€ and an interim feedback activity that enabled students to reflect on their collaboration processes and adjust strategies for the second half of the group project. Finally, at the end of the semester, students provided self- and team member evaluations of their contributions which were used in determining an individualâ€™s project grade, further promoting accountability. The session will expand on our experience in each of the areas described above and will provide practical strategies for implementing our methods in other student teams as well as discuss the technology that enabled our approach.
Efficient learning from big data for cancer risk modeling: A case study with melanoma.

Abstract Background Building cancer risk models from real-world data requires overcoming challenges in data preprocessing, efficient representation, and computational performance. We present a case study of a cloud-based approach to learning from de-identified electronic health record data and demonstrate its effectiveness for melanoma risk prediction. Methods We used a hybrid distributed and non-distributed approach to computing in the cloud: distributed processing with Apache Spark for data preprocessing and labeling, and non-distributed processing for machine learning model training with scikit-learn. Moreover, we explored the effects of sampling the training dataset to improve computational performance. Risk factors were evaluated using regression weights as well as tree SHAP values. Results Among 4,061,172 patients who did not have melanoma through the 2016 calendar year, 10,129 were diagnosed with melanoma within one year. A gradient-boosted classifier achieved the best predictive performance with cross-validation (AUC = 0.799, Sensitivity = 0.753, Specificity = 0.688). Compared to a model built on the original data, a dataset two orders of magnitude smaller could achieve statistically similar or better performance with less than 1% of the training time and cost. Conclusions We produced a model that can effectively predict melanoma risk for a diverse dermatology population in the U.S. by using hybrid computing infrastructure and data sampling. For this de-identified clinical dataset, sampling approaches significantly shortened the time for model building while retaining predictive accuracy, allowing for more rapid machine learning model experimentation on familiar computing machinery. A large number of risk factors (>300) were required to produce the best model.