cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The intriguing near-ultraviolet photochemistry of H2Te

Abstract The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of H2Te has a long wavelength tail that extends to 400 nm. Photodissociation at 355 nm yields TeH ( 2 Π 1/2 ) selectively relative to the 2 Π 3/2 ground state; the transition moments for these channels lie in, and perpendicular to, the molecular plane, respectively. Vibrational structure in the region 380–400 nm is consistent with a shallow well in the adiabat leading to 2 Π 1/2 , akin to the one in HI leading to I(2P1/2). These effects have no counterparts with the light Group 6A dihydrides.
Imagery, propositions, and the form of internal representations

This paper has four major sections: First, we review the basic arguments offered by Pylyshyn (Psychological Bulletin, 1973, 80, 1–24) and others against using imagery as an explanatory construct in psychology. Second, we consider each of these points and find none that speak against any but the most primitive notions of imagery. Third, we review the results of various experiments on imagery. In each case, we compare two explanations of the findings: one which assumes the existence of a surface image manifesting emergent properties, and one which assumes that all internal representations are coded in terms of “abstract propositions.” We find imagery hypotheses to be at least as adequate as those based on propositional representation. Finally, we conclude that debate about the ultimate foundations of internal representation is fruitless; the empirical question is whether images have properties that cannot be derived directly from more abstract propositional structures.
The lobose amebas: II. A new ameba of the “Proteus” group, polychaos nitidubia N. Sp.

A new ameba of the 'proteus group, Polychaos nitidubia n. sp., is found in lakes, ponds and streams of the State of Florida, United States of America. It resembles both Polychaos dubia (A. A. Schaeffer, 1916) and Amoeba nitida E. Penard, 1902, in certain respects, but it is distinct from either. It resembles P. dubia in its pseudopodal forms and movements and also in the presence of clumped crystals in the cytoplasm. It resembles A. nitida in the form of the nucleus, which is a cup-shaped disc or an invaginated spheriod. It is smaller than A. nitida, but somewhat larger than P. dubia. Polychaos nitidubia n. sp. is found in habitats similar to those where Amoeba proteus and other species of the ‘proteus group’ occur, and may be present with such species. P. nitidubia n. sp. is 200 to 550 µ long in locomotion; its nucleus is 27 to 35 µ diameter with many submembranellar chromatin granules, but no endosome; cytoplasmic granules are numerous, often in fused groups of 2 to 4 crystals, cytoplasm is clear, viscous; movement is less fluid than that of P. dubia, but resembles it. Une nouvelle amibe du ‘groupe proteus’, Polychaos nitidubia spec. nov. a ete trouvee dans des lacs, des etangs et des ruisseaux de l'Etat de Florida aux Etats Unis de l'Amerique. Elle ressemble tant a la Polychaos dubia (A. A. Schaeffer, 1916) et a la Amoeba nitida E. Penard, 1902, a certaines egards et en difere a d'autres. Elle ressemble a la Polychaos dubia par rapport a la forme des pseudopodes et leurs mouvements, et aussi par rapport a la presence en cytoplasme des cristaux en groupes. Elle ressemble A. nitida par rapport a la forme du noyau, qui est discoide en forme de tasse, ou spheroide invagine. C'est une amibe plus petite que l'A. nitida, mais plus grande que P. dubia. La Polychaos nitidubia spec. nov. se trouve dans des habitats pareils a ceux de l'Amoeba proteus et des autres et elle se trouve parfois en meme lieu. La Polychaos nitidubia spec. nov. est 200 a 500 µ de long durant la locomotion. Son noyau est de 27 a 35 µ de diametre, avec de nornbreuses granules chromatines sousmembranelles. L'endosoma est absent. Les cristaux du cytoplasme sont nombreux, dans des groupes de 2 a 4, ou solitaires. Le cytoplasme est claire, visqueux. Le mouvernent est moins coulant que celui de la P. dubia, mais y ressemble.
Women against men: An examination of domestic violence based on an analysis of official data and national victimization data

In recent years, increased attention has been focused on the victimization of women in domestic assaults. Several studies, derived from police reports, shelter populations, and general social surveys have documented the incidence and nature of this phenomenon. A companion discussion of the victimization of men in domestic assaults has been conspicuously absent. This article adds to our knowledge on domestic violence research by examining the incidence and correlates of male victimizations within the domicile. The findings are based on an analysis of approximately 6,200 cases of domestic assaults reported to law enforcement authorities and of national victimization data reported to the National Crime Survey.
The Development of Social Anxiety in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders

The present study examined factors contributing to the development of social anxiety in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, the study examined the contribution of socia...
The origin of the attine ant-fungus mutualism.

Cultivation of fungus for food originated about 45-65 million years ago in the ancestor of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae, tribe Attini), representing an evolutionary transition from the life of a hunter-gatherer of arthropod prey, nectar, and other plant juices, to the life of a farmer subsisting on cultivated fungi. Seven hypotheses have been suggested for the origin of attine fungiculture, each differing with respect to the substrate used by the ancestral attine ants for fungal cultivation. Phylogenetic information on the cultivated fungi, in conjunction with information on the nesting biology of extant attine ants and their presumed closest relatives, reveal that the attine ancestors probably did not encounter their cultivars-to-be in seed stores (von Ihering 1894), in rotting wood (Forel 1902), as mycorrhizae (Garling 1979), on arthropod corpses (von Ihering 1894) or ant faeces in nest middens (Wheeler 1907). Rather, the attine ant-fungus mutualism probably arose from adventitious interactions with ...
Lung infections and innate host defense.

Human lungs continuously handle various pollutants, microbes, and allergens. The pulmonary innate immune response eliminates most of these foreign particles while maintaining a sterile environment within the lung. This response is tightly regulated in order to minimize inflammation and protect the host. This review focuses on the major pulmonary innate immune components that respond to infectious agents, including alveolar macrophages and their major receptors and surfactant, and its ability to regulate the host response to certain infectious pathogens. Finally, potential therapeutic applications relevant to these innate immune determinants will be discussed.
A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density.

To determine the magnitude and mediators of the association between cigarette smoking and bone mass in the epidemiologic literature we reviewed articles, published abstracts and conference proceedings, identified through MEDLINE, psychological abstracts, conference proceedings, and article bibliographies. We studied cross-sectional and prospective human studies that provided a quantitative measure of bone mass (X-ray, absorptiometry, or computed tomography) as a function of cigarette smoking exposure. Effects were expressed as pooled standardized mean differences for categorical comparisons (e.g. bone mass in current versus nonsmokers), and as pooled correlation coefficients for continuous comparisons (e.g., correlation of bone mass and pack-years of smoking). Effects were derived for combined bone sites (all bone sites pooled within each study) and four specific sites (hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and os calcis), and were examined overall and as a function of subject and methodologic characteristics (gender, age, body weight, menopausal status, health status). Data were pooled across 86 studies, enrolling 40, 753 subjects. Smokers had significantly reduced bone mass compared with nonsmokers (never and former smokers) at all bone sites, averaging a one-tenth standard deviation (SD) deficit for combined sites. Deficits were especially pronounced at the hip, where the bone mass of current smokers was one-third of a SD less than that of never smokers. Overall, effects were greatest in men and in the elderly, and were dosedependent. In prospective studies, smokers had greater rates of bone loss over time compared with nonsmokers. Bone mass differences remained significant after controlling for age and body weight differences between the two groups. Absolute effect sizes at most bone sites were greatest for current smokers compared with never smokers, intermediate for current smokers compared with former smokers, and lowest for former smokers compared with never smokers, suggesting that smoking cessation may have a positive influence on bone mass. Based on these data, it is estimated that smoking increases the lifetime risk of developing a vertebral fracture by 13% in women and 32% in men. At the hip, smoking is estimated to increase lifetime fracture risk by 31% in women and 40% in men. It appears that smoking has an independent, dose-dependent effect on bone loss, which increases fracture risk, and may be partially reversed by smoking cessation. Given the public health implications of smoking on bone health, it is important that this information be incorporated into smoking prevention and cessation efforts
Development of the Children's Health Ratings Scale:

Following pilot testing, the 17-item Children's Health Ratings Scale was group ad ministered to approximately 1,200 fourth- through sixth-grade students. The internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the scale were ex amined utilizing various statistical methods, including calculation of the alpha coefficient, factor analysis, and other correlational techniques. The scale was found to be reliable with an alpha coefficient of .83. Concurrent validity was supported by the finding that higher scale scores, were associated with higher ratings on a single, general health item and with lower ratings on single items concerning pain, health worry, and the presence of sickness. Correlations between scores on the Children's Health Ratings Scale and sex, grade level, and a measure of response bias were of low magnitude and presented no serious threat to instrument validity. Five factors were identified for interpretation during factor analysis. A post hoc validity study compare...
In vitro differentiation of human marrow stromal cells into early progenitors of neural cells by conditions that increase intracellular cyclic AMP.

Human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) are multipotential stem cells that can be differentiated into bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle. In the experiments here, we found that undifferentiated cultures of hMSCs express some markers characteristic of neural cells such as microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), neuron-specific tubulin (TuJ-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and vimentin. By treating hMSCs with 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX)/1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) for 6 days, about 25% of the hMSCs differentiated into cells with a typical neural cell morphology and with increased levels of both NSE and vimentin. The data suggested that the hMSCs may have been differentiated into early progenitors of neural cells in vitro under conditions that increase the intracellular level of cAMP.
Nocturnal queers: Rent boys’ masculinity in Istanbul

Recently, ‘rent boys’ have become increasingly visible in the queer social spaces of Istanbul. They come from impoverished areas of the city and engage in compensated sex with other men. In this article, I examine how these heterosexually identified rent boys assemble and perform exaggerated masculinity in order to negotiate the tensions between their local socially excluded environments and an burgeoning western-style gay culture while they conduct their ‘risky’ sexual interactions with other men. Exaggerated masculinity repairs and masks the subverting effects of compensated sex for rent boys’ heterosexual subjectivities and makes them closer to the hegemonic ideals of masculinity. Through intense participant observation and 20 recorded interviews with rent boys and their clients, this study demonstrates how rent boys perform an assiduous self-governance through symbols and implicit meanings vis-a-vis different and contradictory class positions, gender identities, and sexual acts.
Meningeal lesions mimicking migraine

Arteriovenous malformations are commonly acknowledged as mimicks of migrainous syndromes. The authors describe classical migraine of many years' duration that preceded the diagnosis of a meningioma in three patients. Two patients had an occipital meningioma, and a fronto-temporal meningioma was found in the third. Visual symptoms in two patients were exceptional by their constant localization in the same hemianopic field, while in the third patient they involved either hemianopic field. Sometimes the visual phenomena occurred independently of the headache. In one patient a causal relationship with the migrainous condition was further supported by its cessation following removal of the tumor. These observations permit the differential diagnosis of both classical migraine and dissociated visual phenomena to occasionally include a meningioma.Activation of intradural and extradural arteriovenous shunts has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Support for this hypothesis is inferred f...
Fragment cache management for dynamic binary translators in embedded systems with scratchpad

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) has been used to achieve numerous goals (e.g., better performance) for general-purpose computers. Recently, DBT has also attracted attention for embedded systems. However, a challenge to DBT in this domain is stringent constraints on memory and performance. The translated code buffer used by DBT may occupy too much memory space. This paper proposes novel schemes to manage this buffer with scratchpad memory. We use footprint reduction to minimize the space needed by the translated code, victim compression to reduce the cost of retranslating previously seen code, and fragment pinning to avoid evicting needed code. We comprehensively evaluate our techniques to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Regulation of acetyl phosphate synthesis and degradation, and the control of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli

We investigated the relationship between Escherichia coli flagellar expression and the regulation of acetyl phosphate synthesis and degradation. Using cells either wild type for acetyl phosphate metabolism or defective for phosphotransacetylase or acetate kinase, or both, we measured flagellar expression and the intracellular concentration of acetyl phosphate relative to growth phase and temperature. Under the conditions tested, we found that elevated levels of acetyl phosphate corresponded to inhibition of flagellar synthesis. To extend these observations, we measured the intracellular concentration of acetyl-CoA, the level of expression from the pta and ackA promoters, and the activities of phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase derived from cell lysates. Relative to increasing culture density, acetyl-CoA levels and expression from both the pta and ackA promoters decreased. Relative to increasing temperature, expression from the ackA promoter decreased and phosphotransacetylase activity increased. In contrast, temperature had little or no effect on either acetate kinase activity or expression from the pta promoter. We propose that cells regulate intracellular acetyl phosphate concentrations relative to growth phase and temperature by modulating the availability of acetyl-CoA, the expression of ackA, and the activity of phosphotransacetylase.
The social ontology of intentions

This article addresses the issue of how to develop a theory of interpretation of social action (discourse included) that takes into consideration culture-specific claims about intentions while simu...
Physics-Based Method for the Removal of Spurious Resonant Frequencies in High-Frequency Force Balance Tests

AbstractThe high-frequency force balance (HFFB) test is a widely used method for estimating lateral turbulent wind loads on tall buildings in a wind tunnel. The method relies on use of a highly accurate force sensor placed at the base of the tall building model to measure base forces and overturning moments. Because the turbulent wind load excitation is broadband, it is important to adequately design the connection detail between the model and the sensor. Accurate design is needed to avoid contaminating the measurement of the lateral wind loads by the potential spurious resonant effect, which is induced by flexibility in the connection detail. This design often relies on the experience of the wind tunnel modeler. On occasion, because of the limitations of test setup and environment, the connection detail between the building model and the HFFB force sensor may not be sufficiently stiff. Consequently, resonant response caused by the flexible connection may affect the power spectral density function of the ...
Complete genome sequence of the marine, chemolithoautotrophic, ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosococcus oceani ATCC 19707.

ABSTRACT The gammaproteobacterium Nitrosococcus oceani (ATCC 19707) is a gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph capable of extracting energy and reducing power from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Sequencing and annotation of the genome revealed a single circular chromosome (3,481,691 bp; G+C content of 50.4%) and a plasmid (40,420 bp) that contain 3,052 and 41 candidate protein-encoding genes, respectively. The genes encoding proteins necessary for the function of known modes of lithotrophy and autotrophy were identified. Contrary to betaproteobacterial nitrifier genomes, the N. oceani genome contained two complete rrn operons. In contrast, only one copy of the genes needed to synthesize functional ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, as well as the proteins that relay the extracted electrons to a terminal electron acceptor, were identified. The N. oceani genome contained genes for 13 complete two-component systems. The genome also contained all the genes needed to reconstruct complete central pathways, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnass and pentose phosphate pathways. The N. oceani genome contains the genes required to store and utilize energy from glycogen inclusion bodies and sucrose. Polyphosphate and pyrophosphate appear to be integrated in this bacterium9s energy metabolism, stress tolerance, and ability to assimilate carbon via gluconeogenesis. One set of genes for type I ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was identified, while genes necessary for methanotrophy and for carboxysome formation were not identified. The N. oceani genome contains two copies each of the genes or operons necessary to assemble functional complexes I and IV as well as ATP synthase (one H+-dependent F0F1 type, one Na+-dependent V type).
Response of cell cycle proteins to neurotrophic factor and chemokine stimulation in human neuroglia.

Increased expression of neurotrophins (e.g., NGF, BDNF) and chemokines (e.g., RANTES) has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the effect of these factors on intracellular signaling cascades inducing cell cycle proteins p53, pRb, and E2F1 in human fetal mixed neuronal and glial cells. Comparing neurotrophin- and chemokine-treated cultures with untreated controls showed altered subcellular localization and expression of hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (ppRb), E2F1, and p53. Using immunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, E2F1 and ppRb were detected exclusively in neuronal nuclei in control cultures while p53 was cytoplasmic in astrocytes and nuclear in neurons. Following treatment with neurotrophins, E2F1 and ppRb were observed in the cytoplasm of neurons, while p53 was observed in both neuronal and astrocytic nuclei. Similar findings were observed following treatment with RANTES. Semiquantitative analysis using immunoblots showed an increase in the amount of phosphorylated pRb in treated cultures. Induction of cell cycle proteins may play a role in neurodegeneration associated with neurotrophin and chemokine stimulation.
Field Evaluation of Polysil Outdoor Post-Type Insulators

A comprehensive program has been designed to evaluate the capabilities of Polysil insulation for outdoor applications in a wise variety of environmental conditions. The program will consist of eighteen 69-kV post-type insulators of varying designs, all made of Polysil, mounted on a fully instrumented rack and energized on various systems throughout the United States and Mexico. There will be 25 racks involved and these will be placed geographically in such a manner as to encounter as many different environmental conditions as possible. Instrumentation attached to the insulators will record various types of surface currents and correlate these with atmospheric conditions at the time of occurence. In addition, there will be nonenergized flat samples of the various Polysil formulations used to collect contaminants and be analyzed in laboratories on a periodic time basis. It is expected that data will be accumulated that will provide the utilities with information on types of materials, insulator designs, surfaces and economics for their particular local environmental conditions.
An image-based visual threat cue for autonomous navigation

The paper presents a new visual motion cue which we call the visual threat cue (VTC) that provides some measure for a relative change in range as well as clearance between a 3D surface and a fixated observer in motion. This cue is independent of the 3D environment, needs almost no a-priori knowledge about it, is rotation independent, and is measured in [time/sup -1/] units. A practical method to extract the VTC from a sequence of images of a 3D textured surface obtained by a fixated, fixed-focus monocular camera in motion is also presented. This approach of extracting the VTC is independent of the 3D surface texture and needs no optical flow information, 3D reconstruction, segmentation, feature tracking or pre-processing. It can be used in many textured environments and does not depend on the type of texture in the environment. This algorithm to extract the VTC was applied to several real indoor as well as outdoor textures, where we observed a similar behavior for all the textures.
Evaluating the Effects of Cutoffs and Treatment of Long-range Electrostatics in Protein Folding Simulations

The use of molecular dynamics simulations to provide atomic-level descriptions of biological processes tends to be computationally demanding, and a number of approximations are thus commonly employed to improve computational efficiency. In the past, the effect of these approximations on macromolecular structure and stability has been evaluated mostly through quantitative studies of small-molecule systems or qualitative observations of short-timescale simulations of biological macromolecules. Here we present a quantitative evaluation of two commonly employed approximations, using a test system that has been the subject of a number of previous protein folding studies–the villin headpiece. In particular, we examined the effect of (i) the use of a cutoff-based force-shifting technique rather than an Ewald summation for the treatment of electrostatic interactions, and (ii) the length of the cutoff used to determine how many pairwise interactions are included in the calculation of both electrostatic and van der Waals forces. Our results show that the free energy of folding is relatively insensitive to the choice of cutoff beyond 9 A, and to whether an Ewald method is used to account for long-range electrostatic interactions. In contrast, we find that the structural properties of the unfolded state depend more strongly on the two approximations examined here.
The association between intrauterine growth restriction in the full-term infant and high blood pressure at age 7 years: results from the Collaborative Perinatal Project

OBJECTIVE: To use neonatal and placental anthropometry as proxy measures of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to relate these to blood pressure later in childhood. STUDY DESIGN: A post hoc analysis of full-term white and black children from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, followed from birth until age 7 years (n = 29,710). Blood pressure above the 90th percentile by gender and race was considered high blood pressure. Anthropometric measures at birth included birth weight, ponderal index (PI, birth weight/birth length(3)), head to chest circumference (HCC) ratio, and placental ratio percentage (PRP, placental weight(*)100/birth weight). RESULTS: Among anthropometric measures, PI, HCC, and birth weight were not associated with high systolic blood pressure at age 7 years, but PRP was. In multiple logistic regression, high systolic blood pressure and widened pulse pressure were both predicted by increased PRP [odds ratio (OR) 1.03 and 1.04, P < 0.001] but not by birth weight, when adjusted for gender, race, and maternal education. High diastolic blood pressure was weakly predicted by birth weight (OR 1.10, P = 0.05) but not by PRP. CONCLUSIONS: PRP is associated with an increased risk for high systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure later in childhood, whereas birth weight, PI, and HCC are not. The proportion of placental weight to birth weight is a useful marker of IUGR for studying the developmental origins of adult disease hypothesis.
Countering DoS attacks with stateless multipath overlays

Indirection-based overlay networks (IONs) are a promising approach for countering distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Such mechanisms are based on the assumption that attackers will attack a fixed and bounded set of overlay nodes causing service disruption to a small fraction of the users. In addition, attackers cannot eaves-drop on links inside the network or otherwise gain information that can help them focus their attacks on overlay nodes that are critical for specific communication flows. We develop an analytical model and a new class of attacks that considers both simple and advanced adversaries. We show that the impact of these simple attacks on IONs can severely disrupt communications. We propose a stateless spread-spectrum paradigm to create per-packet path diversity between each pair of end-nodes using a modified ION access protocol. Our system protects end-to-end communications from DoS attacks without sacrificing strong client authentication or allowing an attacker with partial connectivity information to repeatedly disrupt communications. Through analysis, we show that an Akamai-sized overlay can withstand attacks involving over 1.3M "zombie" hosts while providing uninterrupted end-to-end connectivity. By using packet replication, the system can resist attacks that render up to 40% of the nodes inoperable. Surprisingly, our experiments on PlanetLab demonstrate that in many cases end-to-end latency decreases when packet replication is used, with a worst-case increase by a factor of 2.5. Similarly, our system imposes less than 15% performance degradation in the end-to-end throughput, even when subjected to a large DDoS attack.
WOLSTENHOLME TYPE THEOREM FOR MULTIPLE HARMONIC SUMS

In this paper, we will study the p-divisibility of multiple harmonic sums (MHS) which are partial sums of multiple zeta value series. In particular, we provide some generalizations of the classical Wolstenholme's Theorem to both homogeneous and non-homogeneous sums. We make a few conjectures at the end of the paper and provide some very convincing evidence.
Segmental arterial mediolysis: clinical and imaging features at presentation and during follow-up.

Abstract Purpose To review clinical and imaging features at presentation and during follow-up of patients with a suspected diagnosis of segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM). Materials and Methods All cases of SAM diagnosed at a single institution from 2000 to 2010 were included. Diagnosis was based on characteristic radiologic features in the absence of other plausible diagnoses. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, presenting symptoms, and laboratory and imaging findings at presentation and during follow-up. Results Fourteen patients (nine men; mean age, 53 y ± 15) were diagnosed with SAM. Initial presentation included abdominal or flank pain (n = 8) and chest pain, headache, stroke, or suprapubic fullness (n = 1 each). Two patients were asymptomatic. Inflammatory markers were negative in all cases. Imaging at presentation revealed involvement of celiac (n = 7), common hepatic (n = 3), splenic (n = 2), superior mesenteric (n = 5), renal (n = 5), and iliac (n = 2) arteries and the abdominal aorta (n = 1). Imaging demonstrated arterial dissections (n = 10), fusiform aneurysms (n = 6), arterial wall thickening (n = 2), and artery occlusion (n = 1). Clinical follow-up was available in 13 patients (median, 25 mo). Symptoms improved (n = 4), resolved (n = 3), or remained stable (n = 2), and four patients experienced new symptoms. Follow-up imaging, available in 10 patients at a median of 33 months, demonstrated new dissections, aneurysms, or arterial occlusions in five patients, including carotid artery dissection in three. Imaging findings remained stable (n = 3), improved (n = 1), or resolved (n = 1). Conclusions SAM affects middle-aged and elderly patients. Visceral artery dissections and aneurysms are common. The disease progresses in nearly half the patients. Serial follow-up with computed tomographic angiography and/or magnetic resonance angiography may be necessary to monitor disease progression.
Investigation of Nonlinear Effects in Multitone-Driven Narrow-Linewidth High-Power Amplifiers

In this paper, we investigate two approaches to multitone seeding of high-power ytterbium-doped amplifiers using a symbolic and numerical code that solves a two-point boundary problem. Optimization of amplifier action through wavelength separation and/or seed power ratios is considered in relation to the two most dominant nonlinear effects: stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and four-wave mixing. One approach uses a large wavelength separation among the input signals, while the other approach entails that the wavelength separation is set to twice the Brillouin shift. Both techniques are shown to mitigate SBS effects, although for the latter case, four-wave mixing sidebands can carry a substantial amount of power.
sp‐9‐(meta‐Methyl­phenyl)‐9‐fluorenol

The title compound, C20H16O, (I), whose 9-aryl group is freely rotating in solution, crystallizes exclusively as its sp rotamer, which exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving O—H⋯π(fluorene) but not involving O—H⋯OH. The mol­ecules pack as centrosymmetric dimers incorporating two O—H⋯π(fluorene) hydrogen bonds. Although (I) melted sharply without decomposition, its melt failed to recrystallize on cooling.
Plasma-etch technology

An overview is given of plasma-etch processes used in microelectronics fabrication for pattern transfer, and the main requirements for plasma-assisted etching are outlined. The two primary etch mechanisms-chemical and physical-are examined. Issues involved in bringing plasma processes to the factory are discussed. Monitoring and controlling plasma processes are considered. >
CleverNAO: The intelligent conversational humanoid robot

The objective of this work was the creation of a robotic system that any person could talk to in the English language, in particular, pairing an artificial intelligence algorithm that processes natural language with a physical robot that could synthesize speech. The result, called CleverNAO, is a successful combination of a chatbot application named Cleverbot with the NAO robot doing the speech synthesis. An attempt to include speech recognition was also made, with mixed success.
Preoperative diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube

Abstract Two instances of primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube, the diagnosis of both of which was made preoperatively on the basis of inexplicable postmenopausal metrorrhagia, are herewith reported.
The Preparation of Radioactive Chemicals for Clinical Use

In recent years, manufacturers of radiochemicals have offered a most significant contribution to the conduct of medical and pharmaceutical research by making available to qualified investigators a multitude of labeled compounds. However, it is indeed unfortunate that, except in a few cases, these radiochemicals are unavailable in dosage forms of acceptable pharmaceutical quality for use in human subjects. From the medico-legal standpoint, then, it becomes the responsibility of the individual investigator to prepare or formulate these compounds in such a way as to make them compatible with use in patients. In so doing, the investigator, in effect, guarantees the safety of these products to his patients and to others in the scientific community who would duplicate his efforts.
Situation Analytics: A Foundation for a New Software Engineering Paradigm

Advances in cognitive science along with modern-day smart technologies and software services that take into account our mental state will enable a software industry that is poised to meet customers' needs on the fly in new and truly individualized ways.
Predicting Structures of Ru-Centered Dyes: A Computational Screening Tool

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) represent a means for harvesting solar energy to produce electrical power. Though a number of light harvesting dyes are in use, the search continues for more efficient and effective compounds to make commercially viable DSCs a reality. Computational methods have been increasingly applied to understand the dyes currently in use and to aid in the search for improved light harvesting compounds. Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods have a well-deserved reputation for giving good quality results in a very short amount of computer time. The most recent semiempirical models such as PM6 and PM7 are parametrized for a wide variety of molecule types, including organometallic complexes similar to DSC chromophores. In this article, the performance of PM6 is tested against a set of 20 molecules whose geometries were optimized using a density functional theory (DFT) method. It is found that PM6 gives geometries that are in good agreement with the optimized DFT structures. In order t...
Brown and red stain in ponderosa pine lumber

In past years there has been much research on blue stain in pine sapwood especially in pines killed by bark beetles (1). One year ago, a brown stain was observed in one inch ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) boards brought to the Colorado State University wood research laboratory for kiln drying. Samples were obtained of this stained wood and the brown stain fungus was readily isolated (Figs. 1, 2).1 In culture, the fungus grew fairly rapidly with brown mycelium but developed no conidia or fruiting structures by which it could be identified. Recently, the Wood Research Laboratory obtained one thousand 2 x 4's cut from ponderosa pines from northern New Mexico. The trees were from fairly dense young stands so that they contained much sapwood. They were held in moist condition in the Wood Research Laboratory with plastic sheets so that the sapwood became infested with blue stains and molds such as fast-growing Trich? oderma and Penicillium species. Examination also disclosed scattered pockets of a brown stain in many ofthe 2 x 4's. Isolations from this brown stain proved it to be caused by the same fungus as that from ponderosa pine boards obtained earlier. Parts ofthe 2 x 4's containing brown stain were placed in a damp chamber. In 3-4 wk, brown, perithecium-like structures developed on the surface of the brown-stained areas. White, waxy columns issued from the tips of these fruiting bodies and consisted of hyaline cylindrical spores or spermatia about 8 x 1 ^m. They did not germinate to form cultures when transferred in mass to culture medium. The fruiting bodies were about 103 mm in diam, and dark brown to black. It is hoped that future investigators will discover this fungus in mature condition on overwintered pine wood for positive identification.
The Genus Thyridia (Lepidoptera, Ithomiinae)

The genus Thyridia (Methona) is in complete confusion in the majority of American collections, primarily because there are three species which show practically no distinction in color and pattern nor in distribution (see map), while within each there is parallel variation in the ground tint. The other two familiar species show tangible differences in pattern and have generally been correctly determined, though one is very close in structure to a member of the first three. Of these three, one is new, and in its highland Ecuador race is larger than any Ithomiid hitherto known; and we describe two further species from a couple of females in our collection and a male in the Carnegie Museum collection, that are even larger.
Is distance to chemotherapy an obstacle to adjuvant care among the N.C. Medicaid-enrolled colon cancer patients?

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer has been linked to patient and provider characteristics but little is known about whether distance to chemotherapy providers constitutes an obstacle to chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 1,184 Medicaid patients diagnosed with colon cancer in North Carolina in 1999–2002 comprised the sample. Data from the N.C. Central Cancer Registry, N.C. Medicaid Claims, American Hospital Directory and US Census were merged. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between chemotherapy receipt and the distance to nearest chemotherapy provider. Results: Compared to the referent group of SEER-staged II (local) cancer patients living less than 2 miles from the nearest chemotherapy provider, the odds of receiving chemotherapy fell as the distance to the nearest provider increased. The odds ratio (OR) for those living ≥5 to Conclusions: Distance to provider may be an obstacle to chemotherapy for some groups of low-income colon cancer patients. Relieving travel burdens of rural patients living far from providers may help Medicaid increase guideline-consistent adjuvant care for regional cancer patients.
Estimating Active Transportation Behaviors to Support Health Impact Assessment in the United States.

Health impact assessment (HIA) has been promoted as a means to encourage transportation and city planners to incorporate health considerations into their decision-making. Ideally, HIAs would include quantitative estimates of the population health effects of alternative planning scenarios, such as scenarios with and without infrastructure to support walking and cycling. However, the lack of baseline estimates of time spent walking or biking for transportation (together known as “active transportation”), which are critically related to health, often prevents planners from developing such quantitative estimates. To address this gap, we use data from the 2009 US National Household Travel Survey to develop a statistical model that estimates baseline time spent walking and biking as a function of the type of transportation used to commute to work along with demographic and built environment variables. We validate the model using survey data from the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC, metropolitan area. We illustrate how the validated model could be used to support transportation-related HIAs by estimating the potential health benefits of built environment modifications that support walking and cycling. Our statistical model estimates that on average, individuals who commute on foot spend an additional 19.8 (95% CI 16.9–23.2) minutes per day walking compared to automobile commuters. Public transit riders walk an additional 5.0 (95% CI 3.5–6.4) minutes per day compared to automobile commuters. Bicycle commuters cycle for an additional 28.0 (95% CI 17.5–38.1) minutes per day compared to automobile commuters. The statistical model was able to predict observed transportation physical activity in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill region to within 0.5 MET-hours per day (equivalent to about 9 minutes of daily walking time) for 83% of observations. Across the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill region, an estimated 38 (95% CI 15–59) premature deaths potentially could be avoided if the entire population walked 37.4 minutes per week for transportation (the amount of transportation walking observed in previous US studies of walkable neighborhoods). The approach developed here is useful both for estimating baseline behaviors in transportation HIAs and for comparing the magnitude of risks associated with physical inactivity to other competing health risks in urban areas.
Single particle ICP-MS method development for the determination of plant uptake and accumulation of CeO2 nanoparticles

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) are among the most broadly used engineered nanoparticles that will be increasingly released into the environment. Thus, understanding their uptake, transportation, and transformation in plants, especially food crops, is critical because it represents a potential pathway for human consumption. One of the primary challenges for the endeavor is the inadequacy of current analytical methodologies to characterize and quantify the nanomaterial in complex biological samples at environmentally relevant concentrations. Herein, a method was developed using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) technology to simultaneously detect the size and size distribution of particulate Ce, particle concentration, and dissolved cerium in the shoots of four plant species including cucumber, tomato, soybean, and pumpkin. An enzymatic digestion method with Macerozyme R-10 enzyme previously used for gold nanoparticle extraction from the tomato plant was adapted successfully for CeO2NP extraction from all four plant species. This study is the first to report and demonstrate the presence of dissolved cerium in plant seedling shoots exposed to CeO2NPs hydroponically. The extent of plant uptake and accumulation appears to be dependent on the plant species, requiring further systematic investigation of the mechanisms.
Why Cities? A Response

Why do cities exist? Geographers Allen Scott and Michael Storper recently put the question before the field of urban studies and provided a clear and concise answer in terms of economies of agglomeration and the urban land nexus. I argue that two other basic elements must be added to this duo: the spatial concentration of economic surplus by ruling classes and states and the creation of a built environment or urban landscape. In addition, I take issue with Scott and Storper's neglect of the problem of scale in urban theory and their overly tidy sense of what constitutes a scientific approach to complex phenomena like cities.
Microwave dielectric characterization of flexible plastic films using printed electronics

This work describes the development of a wideband RF measurement technique using printed test structures for characterizing the complex dielectric properties of flexible substrates at RF and microwave frequencies. This novel method is based on a single probe measurement using two concentric circular capacitors with different gap sizes that can be additively manufactured on the dielectric film under test. Three types of common, commercially-available substrates for flexible electronics were characterized: Polyimide (Kapton), Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP), and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Their dielectric constant and loss tangent were measured from 50MHz up to 20GHz, and were compared to the data available from substrate vendors.
Persona birth and maturation

This chapter discusses the persona birth and maturation. The birth and maturation phase is a period of strategic communication and determined execution of plans. It may not seem like it, but it is a time when one and their core team must redouble one's dedication and effort toward the persona method. During this phase, you analyzed your internal audience and created communication devices tuned to their needs, styles, and environment. One educates their broader team about user-centered design (UCD), the persona method, particular persona creation process, and resulting personas. One has planned a progressive disclosure of information about their personas, starting with the creation of “buzz”—a general awareness and excitement that something interesting is coming.
Integration of Customer Experience Management into the DNA of a service enterprise

Integrating customer experience management (CEM) into the DNA of an enterprise allows a company to recognize innovation opportunities that will potentially make their service unique. It will also assist the company in implementing those innovative ideas by focusing on their customers' needs and wants. Moreover, integration of total innovation management (TIM) and CEM will help in reforming the service industry's culture by allowing all employees to constantly contribute to ongoing innovation efforts at any time and any place. Currently, TIM has a product innovation focus. Integrating CEM and TIM partners the customer focus with the enterprise-wide innovation ecosystem and allows for the customer's experience to become the focal point of every activity throughout a company, thus making TIM more applicable in a service enterprise. This paper surveys the existing research conducted on innovation management, total innovation management, and customer experience management. This paper summarizes innovation management and how it initiated TIM and discusses the importance of Customer Experience Management (CEM) for a service enterprise. Furthermore, it proposes that incorporating TIM and CEM must be the focal point in a service enterprise's day-to-day business activities.
Body of evidence: integrating Eduard Pernkopf’s Atlas into a librarian-led medical humanities seminar

Background: Anatomical subjects depicted in Eduard Pernkopf’s richly illustrated Topographische Anatomie des Menschen may be victims of the Nazi regime. Special collections librarians in the history of medicine can use this primary resource to initiate dialogs about ethics with medical students. Case Presentation: Reported here is the authors’ use of Pernkopf’s Atlas in an interactive medical humanities seminar designed for third-year medical students. Topical articles, illustrations, and interviews introduced students to Pernkopf, his Atlas, and the surrounding controversies. We aimed to illustrate how this controversial historical publication can successfully foster student discussion and ethical reflection. Conclusions: Pernkopf’s Atlas and our mix of contextual resources facilitated thoughtful discussions about history and ethics amongst the group. Anonymous course evaluations showed student interest in the subject matter, relevance to their studies, and appreciation of our special collection’s space and contents.
Neurodevelopmental readiness of children for participation in sports.

Many children participate in organized sports each year as a means of socialization, and physical skill building. Sports participation is dependent on physical growth, and neurodevelopmental readiness of the child. It is important to be aware of a child’s level across the various streams of development and engage in specific strategies to optimize their ability at each age group. This article first outlines developmental skills across various age groups in childhood, and makes suggestions for such strategies.
Onwards and Upwards

![Figure][1] This issue of your favorite journal marks a special moment—the seamless transition at JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging (or iJACC , as we fondly call it), as it gets ready for the next innings. iJACC has been quite successful, measured whichever way, over the last 10 years under