cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CorteXlab: An open FPGA-based facility for testing SDR & cognitive radio networks in a reproducible environment

While many theoretical and simulation works have already highlighted the potential gain of cognitive radio, several technical issues still have to be overcome from an experimental viewpoint. This demo describes the process a user should follow to deploy his own experiment on CorteXlab testbed. Two typical scenarios involving several nodes are deployed in live. The first scenario is based on IEEE 802.15.4 communication between two picoSDR nodes. The second scenario is dealing with an avoiding-interference use case where the previous two picoSDRs are communicating while a cognitive MIMO-OFDM transceiver running on one picoSDR must avoid interference with them.
Effect of Creep Relaxation of Prestress on the Integrity of Axisymmetric Wire-Wound Cylindrical Pressure Vessel

The creep relaxation of prestress in a wire-wound cylindrical vessel based on power function creep law is obtained. In this paper, it is assumed that the wire is wrapped perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The relaxed stress at each layer of wire at any time t is then employed to determine the capability of the cylinder to safely contain an internal pressure. The maximum allowable pressure is obtained as a function of time.
Productive and Counterproductive Attendance Behavior: An Examination of Early and Late Arrival to and Departure From Work

Although previous research has examined late arrival to and early departure from work, little is known about early arrival and late departure. Using data from 227 participants employed in a number of different organizations, the current study found that early arrival, late arrival, early departure, and late departure represent four distinct constructs. Furthermore, early arrival and late departure loaded onto the same second-order factor as organizational citizenship behaviors and late arrival and early departure loaded onto the same second-order factor as counterproductive work behaviors. Additional analyses found that Conscientiousness and job attitudes predicted significant variance in each of these attendance behaviors. We also collected qualitative data from a second sample (N = 176), which found that early employees generally spend their extra time at work engaging in work-related activities.
The Child Opportunity Index: Improving Collaboration Between Community Development And Public Health

Improving neighborhood environments for children through community development and other interventions may help improve children’s health and reduce inequities in health. A first step is to develop a population-level surveillance system of children’s neighborhood environments. This article presents the newly developed Child Opportunity Index for the 100 largest US metropolitan areas. The index examines the extent of racial/ethnic inequity in the distribution of children across levels of neighborhood opportunity. We found that high concentrations of black and Hispanic children in the lowest-opportunity neighborhoods are pervasive across US metropolitan areas. We also found that 40 percent of black and 32 percent of Hispanic children live in very low-opportunity neighborhoods within their metropolitan area, compared to 9 percent of white children. This inequity is greater in some metropolitan areas, especially those with high levels of residential segregation. The Child Opportunity Index provides perspectiv...
OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN NEONATAL PIG HEARTS STRESSED WITH PACING-INDUCED TACHYCARDIA. • 114

OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN NEONATAL PIG HEARTS STRESSED WITH PACING-INDUCED TACHYCARDIA. • 114
Inorganic salts dissolved in non-aqueous or in mixed solvents—I spectrophotometric and conductometric studies of anhydrous ferric chloride dissolved in pure nitromethane or in nitromethane-carbon tetrachloride

Abstract Absorption spectra and conductance measurements are given for anhydrous ferric chloride dissolved in nitromethane and in nitromethane-carbon tetrachloride. Empirical relationships between measured values and concentration terms are illustrated. Equilibrium processes to explain these data are proposed.
Detection of tricuspid valvular regurgitation with a catheter velocitometer.

The preoperative diagnosis of tricuspid valvular regurgitation (TVR) is unreliable, and definitive diagnosis is usually made by the surgeon at the time of operation. In preliminary studies of a new electromagnetic catheter velocitometer used in dogs undergoing thoracotomy, pressures in the right atrium and ventricle were recorded simultaneously with the velocity of vena caval blood flow through a competent tricuspid valve and following surgical production of TVR. Normal and chronic TVR dogs were studied by catheterization. A systolic to diastolic (S/D) ratio was derived by measuring the areas beneath the recorded vena caval velocity curves that coincided with ventricular systole and diastole. In both normal and TVR dogs, heart rate varied from 60 to 240/min, and mean right atrial pressure varied from 2.5 to 15 mm Hg. Results indicated that patterns of velocity clearly distinguished normal from regurgitant tricuspid valves; velocity pattern of TVR was the reciprocal of the normal pattern; vena caval S/D ratio in normal animals was 2.0 ± 0.3 but never less than 1.0, and S/D ratio in TVR was 0.6 ± 0.15 but always less than 1.0. Under conditions similar to clinical cardiac catheterization, the patterns of velocity and the S/D ratio obtained with the velocitometer provided a highly reliable assessment of the presence or absence of TVR in dogs.
Obesity as a risk factor for sedation-related complications during propofol-mediated sedation for advanced endoscopic procedures.

Background There are limited data on the safety of anesthesia-assisted endoscopy by using propofol-mediated sedation in obese individuals undergoing advanced endoscopic procedures (AEPs). Objective To study the association between obesity (as measured by body mass index [BMI]) and the frequency of sedation-related complications (SRCs) in patients undergoing AEPs. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients A total of 1016 consecutive patients undergoing AEPs (BMI 35, 127 [12%]). Intervention Monitored anesthesia sedation with propofol alone or in combination with benzodiazepines and/or opioids. Main Outcome Measurements SRCs, airway maneuvers (AMs), hypoxemia, hypotension requiring vasopressors, and early procedure termination were compared across 3 groups. Results There were 203 AMs in 13.9% of patients, hypoxemia in 7.3%, need for vasopressors in 0.8%, and premature termination in 0.6% of patients. Increasing BMI was associated with an increased frequency of AMs (BMI 35–26.8%; P 35, 13.4%; P = .001); there was no difference in the frequency of need for vasopressors ( P = .254) and premature termination of procedures ( P = .401). On multivariable analysis, BMI (odds ratio [OR] 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1), age (OR 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1), and American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or higher (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.0) were independent predictors of SRCs. In obese individuals (n = 286), there was no difference in the frequency of SRCs in patients receiving propofol alone or in combination ( P = .48). Limitations Single tertiary center study. Conclusions Although obesity was associated with an increased frequency of SRCs, propofol sedation can be used safely in obese patients undergoing AEPs when administered by trained professionals.
Hypercube message routing in the presence of faults

We discuss the problem of routing messages on hypercubes which have faulty processors and/or communication links. We are motivated by the belief that simple algorithms, operating under simple assumptions, can ensure high probabilities of successful message routing. In this paper, we consider the basic problem of routing a single message from an arbitrary source to an arbitrary destination. In our study, a fault is assumed to render the processor or link non-functional for purposes of communicating messages. As such, we may also consider communications hot spots as node faults, and our results also apply to routing in congested hypercubes.A framework for the analysis of fault tolerant routing schemes on a hypercube is presented. This framework includes differing routing schemes, routing information models and fault distribution models. The a priori probabilities of successful routing of a single, indivisible message under each of our possible sets of assumptions are calculated. Using random routing, under the one-step local information routing model, we show that the a priori probability of successful message routing is high even for an exceedingly large number of faults. We also analyze the behavior of sidetracking, a routing method which combines the concepts of local information and randomization. Using sidetracking, and in the one-step local information routing model, a message will be routed forward using random routing. If the message reaches a blocked processor (no non-faulty neighbors along a minimal path to the destination) it will be sent to a non-faulty neighbor, chosen uniformly at random from the set of non-faulty neighbors. We use simulation experiments to determine the performance of this routing scheme, analyzing the probability of successful routing and the expected path length of a routed message. The empirical performance of the sidetracking algorithms indicates strongly that, in the limit as the cube dimension grows larger and for a fixed probability of node failure, the probability of successful message routing is 100%.
Grain boundary structure of YbBa2Cu3O7−x formed by oxidation of metallic precursors

Abstract The grain boundaries of superconducting YbBa2Cu3O7−x produced by oxidation of silver-containing metallic precursors under various oxidation conditions have been investigated using mainly a high resolution electron microscopy technique. The grain size of the 1-2-3 superconducting phase is influenced by oxidation temperature and time, and the grains are relatively equiaxed with well developed grain surfaces having a [001] normal. As reported previously, a new phase, YbBa2Cu4Ox (1-2-4), is often observed at boundaries between grains when one of the grains exhibits a [001] normal at the boundary. The 1-2-4 phase is not observed when both or neither of the grains have a grain boundary normal near [001]. The formation of this phase at grain boundaries is affected by the conditions of oxidation. Whether the 1-2-4 phase is formed or not, grain boundaries whose normal is [001] are terminated with copper oxide basal planes of a 1-2-3 unit cell and there is no amorphous or other grain boundary phases between the two grains. The relationship between these microstructural results and the electrical properties of samples are discussed.
Anterior Tracheal Suspension

Tracheomalacia (TM) is a disorder of the airway consisting of weakness of the anterior tracheal cartilaginous rings and laxity of the posterior membranous trachea, resulting in dynamic airway obstruction. The clinical symptoms range from chronic cough and wheezing to life-threatening apnea with cyanosis and profound airway obstruction (acute lifethreatening events). TM in infancy occurs either in isolation or in association with a variety of anatomic conditions, including a wide range of congenital heart lesions, as well as primary tracheal and esophageal disorders. TM is also associated with chromosomal abnormalities, such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and trisomy 21. Severe TM is a life-threatening condition with reported mortality rates as high as 80%. Prolonged intubation and chronic positive pressure ventilation is particularly common in affected patients following reparative congenital heart surgery; in the most severe cases, tracheostomy is required. Although often life-saving in these patients, tracheostomy results in a high risk of medical, social, and developmental complications. Patients requiring tracheostomy are technology-bound until their anterior tracheal wall matures and they effectively outgrow their malacia. Most concerning, patients with tracheostomy and persistent severe TM remain at risk of sudden death, recurrent infections, and equipment failure. Aortopexy has been accepted as the standard surgical treatment to alleviate TM associated with congenital heart disease and carries a success rate of 85 to 90%. In our experience, innominate artery-pexy coupled with aortopexy has been particularly effective in relieving TM secondary to isolated innominate artery compression. However, it has also been our experience that aortopexy alone has failed to relieve symptoms in a number of cases of more complex TM and tracheobronchial malacia. Since March 2008, we have used anterior tracheal suspension for the treatment of severe refractory TM and tracheobronchial malacia in infants and children as an alternative to
Positive Emotions, Spirituality and the Practice of Psychiatry

This paper proposes that eight positive emotions: awe, love (attachment), trust (faith), compassion, gratitude, forgiveness, joy and hope constitute what we mean by spirituality. These emotions have been grossly ignored by psychiatry. The two sciences that I shall employ to demonstrate this definition of spirituality will be ethology and neuroscience. They are both very new. I will argue that spirituality is not about ideas, sacred texts and theology; rather, spirituality is all about emotion and social connection. Specific religions, for all their limitations, are often the portal through which positive emotions are brought into conscious attention. Neither Freud nor psychiatric textbooks ever mention emotions like joy and gratitude. Hymns and psalms give these emotions pride of place. Our whole concept of psychotherapy might change if clinicians set about enhancing positive emotions rather than focusing only on negative emotions.
The Net Transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current through Drake Passage

Abstract Estimates of the net transport through Drake Passage are made for three periods during which the year-long DRAKE 79 current meter array spanning the Passage was in operation. Relative geostrophic shears from hydrographic surveys in January 1979, April 1979 and January 1980 were referenced to directed speed measurements to give profiles of net speed. Direct measurements were averaged in time to make them more compatible with the spatially-averaged baroclinic shears. The agreement between directly-measured and baroclinic shears is generally good except in regions of large bathymetric relief and during periods when current cores were shifting past or between moorings. The presence of cold-core rings during two of the DRAKE 79 hydrogaphic surveys resulted in intensified flow and increased transport within fronts, but did not affect the net transport through the Passage. The three latest estimates of net transport (117, 144 and 134 × 106 m3 s−1) are in close agreement with a previous estimate of 124 ×...
Low cycle fatigue in rene 88DT at 650 °C: Crack nucleation mechanisms and modeling

Intermediate-temperature low-cycle-fatigue experiments were conducted on three microstructural conditions of the nickel-base superalloy Rene 88DT over several strain ranges. The most significant difference between the microstructural conditions was the grain size; two of the conditions had an average grain diameter of approximately 20 µm, while the third condition had an average grain diameter of 6 µm. Two dominant crack nucleation mechanisms were observed on the specimen fracture surfaces: crack nucleation from surface slip band damage accumulation and crack nucleation around subsurface inclusion clusters. The experimental results indicate that both the grain size and the applied strain range are contributing factors in the prevailing crack nucleation mechanism. The Fatemi-Socie parameter, a multiaxial fatigue damage parameter, was used to examine the ease and probability of surface slip band crack nucleation for these microstructural conditions. The parameter was modified to explicitly include grain size, fatigue R-ratio, and applied strain range, thus giving it a more physically meaningful basis. This modified Fatemi-Socie parameter was found to be a suitable parameter for characterizing the ease of surface slip band cracking for materials with different grain sizes and is able to explain the observed disparity in fatigue lives based on microstructural design.
A miR-21 hairpin structure-based gene knockdown vector

RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used to study gene functions as a reverse genetic means from first-generation siRNA to second-generation short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the newly developed microRNA (shRNA-miR). Here we report a gene knockdown vector system based on the mouse miR-21 hairpin structure. In this system, the pre-miRNA hairpin of the miR-21 gene was modified by replacing the 22-nucleotide mature sequence with shRNA sequences that target genes of interest, flanked by 160-bp upstream and 65-bp downstream sequences of the mouse pre-miR-21. We tested this system by knocking down the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter gene using different vectors, in which shRNA-miR was driven by the polymerase II (pol II) promoter. We found that miR-21 hairpin-based shRNA-miR can be directly placed under pol II promoter, like UbC or CMV promoter to knockdown the gene of interest. To facilitate the wide application of the miR-21 hairpin-based gene knockdown system, we further knocked down the endogenous gene lamin (A/C), which showed that endogenous lamin A/C expression can be efficiently silenced using the miR-21 hairpin-based lentiviral vector. The miR-21 hairpin-based gene knockdown vector will provide a new genetic tool for gene functional studies in vitro and in vivo.
Finite extension and low-angle normal faulting

Andersonian theory for infinitesimal strains predicts that normal faults will form at high angles to the surface in extensional terranes. In contrast, low-angle normal faults are sometimes observed on which tens of kilometers of slip has occurred, and moderate-angle faults with slip of 5 to 15 km are common. A simple extension of the theory to account for the stresses required to drive finite deformation shows that low angles are preferred for large extension on individual faults. The formation of low-angle faults may require inhomogeneities in stress or material properties, but once slip begins on a low-angle fault it is likely to continue, whereas slip on high-angle faults is likely to end after modest slip, to be replaced by the formation of new high-angle faults.
Regulation of thyrotropin production by mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor cells in vitro by physiological levels of thyroid hormones.

Primary suspension cultures from serially transplanted mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumors were shown to be regulated by physiological levels of thyroid hormones. TSH release was linear for up to 48 h in control cultures and was inhibited progressively after 10, 24, and 48 h in cultures exposed to triiodothyronine (T3), 4.0 nM. TSH release was inhibited up to 55% of control and glucose consumption was stimulated up to 2.6-fold in a dose-dependent fashion by T3 between 0.2 and 4.0 nM. A biphasic dose-dependent relationship for T3 and thyroxine (T4), and TSH production was demonstrated in two series of cultures. TSH production was stimulated progressively by T3 up to 0.1 nM and T4 up to 5 nM. At higher T3 and T4 levels, TSH production was progressively inhibited. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at total medium concentrations of 0.2 nM T3 and 15 nM T4 or free hormone levels of 8 x 10-12 M and 14 X 10-11 M, respectively. High affinity, low capacity nuclear binding sites were demonstrated for T3 and T4. The ap...
Kinetics and thermodynamics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process using Brocadia spp. dominated mixed cultures.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial process commonly applied to treat ammonium pollution in effluents with low organic carbon content. Modeling anammox processes is important for simulating and controlling full-scale plants. In this study, the anammox process was simulated using three models, and substrate and growth parameters obtained by different research groups. Two Brocadia spp.-dominated mixed cultures, one granular and the other flocculent, were used for this purpose. A very good correlation between experimental data using both sludges and model predictions was achieved by one of the models, obtaining correlation coefficients higher than 0.997. Other models and stoichiometric equations tested were unable to predict the anammox kinetics and stoichiometry. Furthermore, the thermodynamic behavior of the two mixed cultures was compared through the determination of the energy of activation of the anammox conversion at temperatures ranging from 9 to 40 °C. Optimum temperature for anammox activity was established at 30–35 °C in both cases. The energy of activation values calculated for granular sludge and flocculent sludge were 64 and 124 kJ mol −1 , respectively.
Micromachined lab-on-a-tube sensors for simultaneous brain temperature and cerebral blood flow measurements.

This work describes the development of a micromachined lab-on-a-tube device for simultaneous measurement of brain temperature and regional cerebral blood flow. The device consists of two micromachined gold resistance temperature detectors with a 4-wire configuration. One is used as a temperature sensor and the other as a flow sensor. The temperature sensor operates with AC excitation current of 500 μA and updates its outputs at a rate of 5 Hz. The flow sensor employs a periodic heating and cooling technique under constant-temperature mode and updates its outputs at a rate of 0.1 Hz. The temperature sensor is also used to compensate for temperature changes during the heating period of the flow sensor to improve the accuracy of flow measurements. To prevent thermal and electronic crosstalk between the sensors, the temperature sensor is located outside the “thermal influence” region of the flow sensor and the sensors are separated into two different layers with a thin-film Copper shield. We evaluated the sensors for accuracy, crosstalk and long-term drift in human blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid. These in vitro experiments showed that simultaneous temperature and flow measurements with a single lab-on-a-tube device are accurate and reliable over the course of 5 days. It has a resolution of 0.013 °C and 0.18 ml/100 g/min; and achieves an accuracy of 0.1 °C and 5 ml/100 g/min for temperature and flow sensors respectively. The prototype device and techniques developed here establish a foundation for a multi-sensor lab-on-a-tube, enabling versatile multimodality monitoring applications.
Gastric Infection by Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic active gastritis, ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Current eradication regimens use a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics. Triple therapy now has a success rate less than 80%, below the cutoff for efficacious eradication. Antibiotic resistance, inconsistent acid control by PPIs, and poor patient compliance contribute to the failure rate. H. pylori is a neutralophile that has developed special acid acclimation mechanisms to colonize its acidic gastric niche. Identifying the components of these mechanisms will provide novel bactericidal drug targets. Alternatively, better 24-hour acid control would increase the efficacy of antibiotics, leading to dual therapy with improved PPIs and amoxicillin. Studies of acid acclimation by H. pylori have identified several potential eradication targets including UreI, α-carbonic anhydrase, and a two-component system. Continuing improvement of PPIs has led to the development of at least three candidate drugs with improved 24-hour acid control.
Preferential expression of the novel alternative isoform I.3 of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in activated human T lymphocytes

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor–1α (HIF-1α) is critical not only in the regulation of oxygen homeostasis but also in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. We previously reported that T-cell receptor–mediated activation of T cells in mice leads to the expression of an alternative isoform of HIF-1α that inhibits activated T cells in a delayed negative feed-back manner. In this paper, we describe a novel mRNA isoform of human HIF-1α that is upregulated in peripheral T lymphocytes after T-cell receptor stimulation. This activation- inducible isoform is expressed using the alternative first exon I.3, and it encodes a protein that is 24 amino acids longer than the ubiquitous HIF-1α isoform. This mRNA isoform I.3 of HIF-1α is expressed in a tissue-specific manner with the highest expression found in peripheral blood leukocytes and the thymus.
Parental reports of children's sleep and wakefulness: Longitudinal associations with cognitive and language outcomes.

Abstract Associations between parental reports (N = 62) of children’s sleep and wakefulness at 7, 19, and 31 months and cognitive and language outcomes were examined. Periodogram analysis was used to estimate the proportion of variance in children’s sleep and wakefulness that was explained by a 24-hr cycle (i.e., circadian sleep regulation). Controlling for characteristics of children and mothers, circadian sleep regulation at 7 and 19 months was positively associated with mental development scores at 24 months and language development scores at 36 months. In addition, rate of growth in circadian sleep regulation from 7 to 31 months was positively associated with mental development scores at 24 months. These results are consistent with theoretical models that posit a hierarchical arrangement of self-regulatory processes.
Role of hydrogen bonding in red cell aggregation.

The role of hydrogen bonding in red cell aggregation induced by dextran was studied with the use of urea, an inhibitor for hydrogen bonding. In order to avoid hemolysis of red cells by the high concentration of urea, the studies were performed on human red cells hardened in glutaraldehyde. The degree of red cell aggregation at Hct = 45% was estimated by the use of a coaxial cylinder viscometer. The viscometric aggregation index (VAI) was calculated from viscosity values at shear rates of 52 sec-1 (eta H) and 0.05 sec-1 (eta L); VAI = (eta L - eta H)/eta H. Red cells with surface charge intact and with charge removal by neuraminidase treatment were studied. Urea at high concentrations, e.g., 6 M, significantly inhibited red cell aggregation induced by dextran. These findings indicate that hydrogen bonding plays an important role in dextran-induced red cell aggregation. An understanding of the nature of the forces involved in red cell aggregation serves to establish the physicochemical principles of cell-to-cell interactions induced by macromolecules.
Late bleeding from right internal mammary artery after HeartMate left ventricular assist device implantation.

Postoperative bleeding is one of the major complications after implantation of left ventricular assist devices. We experienced 5 unusual cases, which had bleeding from the right internal mammary artery between 5 and 69 days after implantation of a Heartmate (Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA) device. It was evident that the outflow graft had eroded through the vessel. Sudden decreases in device flow, hypotension, bleeding from the driveline or chest tube sites, and a drop in hematocrit were the initial manifestations. Chest roentgenogram and transthoracic echocardiography were effective in identifying hemothorax and cardiac tamponade. Four out of 5 patients survived to heart transplantation and were discharged from the hospital. When identified and treated appropriately, this complication does not impair patient outcome.
Building National Capacity for Child and Family Disaster Mental Health Research

Disaster mental health is a burgeoning field with numerous opportunities for professional involvement in preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Research is essential to advance professional understanding of risk and protective factors associated with disaster outcomes; to develop an evidence base for acute, intermediate, and long-term mental health approaches to address child, adult, family, and community disaster-related needs; and to inform policy and guide national and local disaster preparedness, response, and recovery programs. To address the continued need for research in this field, we created the Child & Family Disaster Research Training & Education (DRT) program, which is focused specifically on enhancing national capacity to conduct disaster mental health research related to children, a population particularly vulnerable to disaster trauma. This paper describes the structure and organization of the DRT program, reviews the training curriculum, discusses implementation and evaluation of the program, and reviews obstacles encountered in establishing the program. Finally, key lessons learned are reviewed for the purpose of guiding replication of the DRT model to address other areas of community mental health.
206 - A Serarch for Intrinsic Fluorescence Changes of Garfish Olfactory Nerve During Electrical Stimulation

Abstract The intrinsic fluorescence intensity of garfish olfactory nerve ( Lepisosteus osseus ) was found to undergo a reversible increase of 0.01% with electrical stimulation. The nerve was perfused with a garfish Ringer's solution at 23 °C. Incident light at 280 nm was provided by a Xenon light source and a monochromator, and the flourescence emission in the range 300–450 nm was detected, perpendicular to the incident radiation, by means of a photomultiplier tube placed behind a cut—off filter which removed scattered incident light. The garfish olfactory nerve is non—myelinated, and consists of about 10 7 homogeneous single fibers. Impulses in this nerve may travel as slow as 0.1 m/s. The temporal relation between the spike phase of the action potential and the increase of the fluorescence intensity was not always constant. In about 30% of the experiments a fluorescence increase was detected in the absence of electrical stimulation applied to the nerve. There was no change, however, when the exciting light was 260 nm or when impulse propagation was blocked by cessation of flow of physiological solution over the nerve. The change of fluorescence intensity is indicative of a change in the structure or the environment of the protein in the nerve.
Short-Period Magnetic Fluctuations in Advanced Composition Explorer Solar Wind Data: Evidence for Anticorrelation with Alfvén Speed

Short-period rms fluctuations δBrms in the interplanetary magnetic field have been derived from Advanced Composition Explorer/MAG data for 50 solar rotations between 1998 and 2001. We find that in many cases, individual maxima in δBrms are associated with local minima in the Alfven speed VAlf. To determine whether this anticorrelation persists in large data sets, we compute the correlation coefficient between the temporal gradients (in the spacecraft frame) δrms and Alf for each of the 50 solar rotations in the data set. We find that, in 48 of the 50 rotations, δrms is anticorrelated with Alf. The confidence level of the anticorrelation is greater than 90% in 35 rotations and is greater than 99.95% in 14 rotations. We find that in some low-VAlf regions of solar wind, there is a pronounced enhancement of non-Alfvenic (compressive) fluctuations. We suggest that refraction effects operating on MHD waves contribute to these aspects of the magnetic field fluctuation properties of the solar wind.
Observing folding and catalysis of a single RNA enzyme molecule

Summary form only given.RNA enzyme molecules form complex and specific structures that are able to perform a variety of structure-related functions. Yet the mechanism by which an RNA molecule folds into a unique structure is largely unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that single molecules fluorescence microscopy is a power tool to study RNA folding.
Identification of submicroscopic genetic changes and precise breakpoint mapping in myelofibrosis using high resolution mate-pair sequencing.

We used high resolution mate-pair sequencing (HRMPS) in 15 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF): eight with normal karyotype and seven with PMF-characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities, including der(6)t(1;6)(q21–23;p21.3) (n = 4), der(7)t(1;7)(q10;p10) (n = 2), del(20)(q11.2q13.3) (n = 3), and complex karyotype (n = 1). We describe seven novel deletions/translocations in five patients (including two with normal karyotype) whose breakpoints were PCR-validated and involved MACROD2, CACNA2D4, TET2, SGMS2, LRBA, SH3D19, INTS3, FOP (CHTOP), SCLT1, and PHF17. Deletions with breakpoints involving MACROD2 (lysine deacetylase; 20p12.1) were recurrent and found in two of the 15 study patients. A novel fusion transcript was found in one of the study patients (INTS3-CHTOP), and also in an additional non-study patient with PMF. In two patients with der(6)t(1;6)(q21–23;p21.3), we were able to map the precise translocation breakpoints, which involved KCNN3 and GUSBP2 in one case and HYDIN2 in another. This study demonstrates the utility of HRMPS in uncovering submicroscopic deletions/translocations/fusions, and precise mapping of breakpoints in those with overt cytogenetic abnormalities. The overall results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of PMF, given the low frequency of recurrent specific abnormalities, identified by this screening strategy. Currently, we are pursuing the pathogenetic relevance of some of the aforementioned findings. Am. J. Hematol. 88:741–746, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Somatostatin inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis induced by both thyrotropin and insulin-like growth factor-I in FRTL5 cells.

Somatostatin, a cyclic tetradecapeptide, is both a hypothalamic hormone and a paracrine peptide, with effects on many tissues. Despite the fact that somatostatin can inhibit various cellular events in a number of cell lines, somatostatin is a constituent of medium defined for optimal growth of FRTL5, a line of differentiated and nontransformed rat thyroid follicular cells. In the present study we have evaluated the role of somatostatin in the control of DNA synthesis in FRTL5 cells and have investigated the mechanisms of somatostatin interaction with pathways stimulated by TSH and insulin-like growth factor- I (IGF-I). Somatostatin inhibits TSH-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in FRTL5 cells. Maximal effects are observed at somatostatin concentrations of 0.1–10 ng/ml, and the effects are diminished at somatostatin concentrations above 10 ng/ml. Somatostatin also inhibits (Bu)2cAMP-stimulated DNA synthesis, suggesting that the loci of somatostatin action are both proximal and distal to activ...
Dendrimer based fluorescent glucose sensor for diabetic monitoring

Fluorescent glucose assays based on the affinity reaction between Concanavalin A and dextran have been extensively studied. However, advancements in polymer science have allowed for new macromolecules capable of replacing dextran which may improve the performance of this well-known assay. Dendrimer macromolecules, being highly ordered and spherical, allow for the binding of specific residues to the terminal (peripheral) binding sites, enabling researchers to customize the molecule. In this research, glycosylated dendrimers have been engineered to replace dextran to allow for more controlled chemical and fluorescent responses (eliminate multivalent binding and improve reversibility). This new assay has been shown to form small aggregate particles containing many Con A and glycosylated dendrimers resulting in a substantial loss in fluorescent intensity. Overall, this assay shows promise for use as part of an implantable glucose monitoring device, but more research needs to be done to increase sensor stability and optimize the sensor response to glucose.
Understanding university student drinking in the context of life goal pursuits: The mediational role of enhancement motives

Previous research has shown that university students who experience lower levels of meaning in the pursuit of typical life goals use more alcohol and experience more alcohol-related problems. The main objective of the present study was to extend this work by identifying motivational mechanisms that underlie the association between goal meaning and alcohol involvement. Ninety-three introductory psychology students participated in a university health behaviors study for course credit. Students completed a goal assessment in which they generated and rated goals that characterized their lives on dimensions of meaning and efficacy and then completed a series of assessments about alcohol use. Controlling for gender, partial correlations showed that higher meaning ratings for life goals were associated with less alcohol use and fewer alcohol-related consequences. Multiple mediational analyses among drinkers showed that the association between goal meaning ratings and alcohol involvement was mediated by enhancement but not coping motives. Findings support motivational models that have suggested that those who experience less engagement in their daily life tasks may experience greater positive incentive value from drinking. Results point to the potential value of alcohol intervention approaches that include efforts to help students engage in sources of non-substance related reinforcement in their daily lives.
Laparoscopic Management of a Gastric Diverticulum

Gastric diverticuli are rare entities that may present with a variety of vague abdominal symptoms. Diagnosis requires endoscopic and radiologic evaluation preceded by clinical suspicion. This is the first report describing the laparascopic excision of a gastric diverticulum. A description of this procedure and suggestions for the workup of gastric diverticuli are presented.
Layout, Organization, and the Effectiveness of Consumer Product Warnings

Three experiments are presented examining the effects of warning layout (spatial structure) and organization (semantic structure) on the readability and memorability of warning information. In Expe...
Effects of topographic features on postfire exposed mineral soil in small watersheds

Exposed mineral soil is an immediate result of forest fires with direct relevance on surface runoff and soil erosion. The goal of this study was to determine which topographic features influence the distribution of exposed mineral soil following wildfire in forested watersheds. In a field investigation 2 months after a simulated wildfire, ground cover was measured and a number of topographic variables, including slope, aspect, distance to streams, solar radiation, elevation, curvature, and profile curvature, were used to determine their relationships to postfire exposed mineral soil. The spatial distribution of fire effects along hill slopes was assessed using geographic information system (GIS), and a regressional relationship was derived to estimate postfire exposed mineral soil from key topographic variables, namely, aspect, solar radiation, and profile curvature. Solar radiation, aspect, and profile curvature were significantly correlated with the amount of soil exposed after the fire; however, aspect and profile curvature were the leading variables in the predictive regression model. Convex-shaped profile curvatures on south-facing slopes had higher values of exposed mineral soil than concave surfaces on north-facing slopes. These results can help land managers with decisions on prioritizing areas in need of pre- or postfire treatment.
Endothelium, the dynamic interface in cardiac lipid transport.

Vascular endothelium is the dynamic interface in transport of lipid from blood to myocytes in heart and arteries. The luminal surface of endothelium is the site of action of lipoprotein lipase on chylomicrons and VLDL and the site of uptake of fatty acids from albumin. Fatty acids and monoacylglycerols are transported from the lumen in an interfacial continuum of endothelial and myocyte membranes. Lipoprotein lipase is transferred from myocytes to the vascular lumen, and is anchored there, by proteoheparan sulfate in cell membranes. Insulin, needed for synthesis of lipoprotein lipase and esterfication of fatty acids, is captured from the blood stream and delivered to myocytes by endothelial insulin receptors. Fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, lipoprotein lipase and insulin are transported along the same route, but by different mechanisms. The route involves the plasma membrane of endothelium and myocytes, the membrane lining transendothelial channels, and intercellular contacts. (Mol Cell Biochem 116: 181–191, 1992)
DYE CAPPED SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCLUSTERS. ROLE OF BACK ELECTRON TRANSFER IN THE PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF SNO2 NANOCRYSTALLITES WITH CRESYL VIOLET AGGREGATES

Adsorption of a cationic dye, cresyl violet, on SnO2 and SiO2 nanoclusters and nanocrystalline thin films results in the formation of H-aggregates. These dyes are photochemically and electrochemically active and extend the photoresponse of large bandgap semiconductors such as SnO2. Photocurrent generation in dye capped nanocrystalline films of SnO2 has been demonstrated with visible light excitation. A photon-to-photocurrent generation efficiency around 1% has been observed at 510 nm. Back electron transfer between the photoinjected electron and the oxidized sensitizer plays an important role in controlling the efficiency of net electron transfer. Transient absorption and microwave absorption measurements of the dye aggregate capped SnO2 films suggest that the back electron transfer is multiexponential and most is completed within a few hundred nanoseconds. The activation energy of the back electron transfer process is very low (∼1.7 kJ/mol).
Euphorbain p, a serine protease from euphorbia pulcherrima

Abstract A serine protease named euphorbain p has been isolated in a homogeneous state from the latex of Euphorbia pulcherrima . This multi-chain enzyme, MW 74000, is similar in composition to one in E. lathyris , but is larger in size and has a more restricted activity. It has a pI of 4.7, and displays maximum activity at pH 7.0.
Visor projected helmet mounted displays technology and applications

Abstract Helmet Mounted Sight and Display systems are now in service in military aircraft. Although these systems share some common features with ground based `virtual reality' systems, the military cockpit environment and the application they are used for, dictate a different approach in the design, development and qualification for military use. The primary function of the Aircrew helmet is to protect the pilot. The advent of helmet mounted displays places additional constraints on the helmet which is now an important element of the cockpit displays system, providing weapon aiming, and other information to the pilot. The design of HMDs for the military cockpit environment is therefore a demanding task if the operational benefits are to be realised without affecting pilot safety. Many designs now use the helmet visor as the display surface rather than eyepieces in front of the pilots eyes. This has resulted in a family of visor projected displays which cater for a range of requirements from simple day helmet mounted sights to wide field of view, 24 h displays. This paper provides an overview of the visor projected HMD design and technology, discusses the building blocks within a typical HMD system and describes practical implementation for several different applications.
Exact order of subsets of asymptotic bases

Abstract Let A be an asymptotic basis of order h. Denote g(A) the smallest h such that A is an asymptotic basis of order h. Let Ik(A) = {F ∥ F ⊆ A, ∥F∥ = k, and AβF is an asymptotic basis}. Define G k (h)= max A g(A)⩽h max F∈I k (A) g(A⧹F) In this paper, we prove that G k (h) ≥ α k + 1 ( 2048 625 ) [ (k + 1) 4 ] ( h (k + 1) ) k + 1 + O(h k ) , where α k = 1 if k=0,1 ( mod 4) 4 3 if k=2( mod 4) 135 64 if k=3( mod 4) This improves a result of Xing-De Jia (1992, J. Number Theory41, 116–127).
From the ribosome to the spliceosome and back again.

When invited to contribute to the Reflections series, I pondered what aspects of my career I should focus on. Hoping to lay down a strong narrative arc, I have chosen to link my earliest beginnings with RNA, as a graduate student studying the ribosome, to my later adventures in what hence became known as “the RNA World,” as a tenured professor studying the spliceosome. I believe that some of my most unusual scientific insights have come from this particular path, and it is those examples I have highlighted here. Given that these articles are intentionally highly personal narratives, I want to ask at the outset for forbearance from the many members of the RNA World community whose invaluable contributions I have not been able to cite, given the length constraints, but without which my own progress would not have been possible.
Selective elimination of IK,slow1 in mouse ventricular myocytes expressing a dominant negative Kv1.5α subunit

Although previous studies have revealed a role for the voltage-gated K+ channel α-subunit Kv1.5 (KCNA5) in the generation of the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive component of delayed rectification ...
Increasing Thiamine Concentrations in Lake Trout Eggs from Lakes Huron and Michigan Coincide with Low Alewife Abundance

Abstract Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes suffer from thiamine deficiency as a result of adult lake trout consuming prey containing thiaminase, a thiamine-degrading enzyme. Sufficiently low egg thiamine concentrations result in direct mortality of or sublethal effects on newly hatched lake trout fry. To determine the prevalence and severity of low thiamine in lake trout eggs, we monitored thiamine concentrations in lake trout eggs from 15 sites in Lakes Huron and Michigan from 2001 to 2009. Lake trout egg thiamine concentrations at most sites in both lakes were initially low and increased over time at 11 of 15 sites, and the proportion of females with egg thiamine concentrations lower than the recommended management objective of 4 nmol/g decreased over time at eight sites. Egg thiamine concentrations at five of six sites in Lakes Huron and Michigan were significantly inversely related to site-specific estimates of mean abundance of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, and successful...
Effect of feature similarity on illusory conjunctions

In four experiments, we examined whether the phenomenon of illusory conjunctions is constrained by feature similarity. Specifically, are illusory conjunctions more likely to occur between items with similar features than between items with dissimilar features? Feature similarity was manipulated in two dimensions: color and shape. Experiment 1 demonstrated that more illusory conjunctions occur between items with similar colors than between items with dissimilar colors. A similar effect was found for letter similarity in Experiment 2. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that the similarity effect is still obtained for illusory conjunctions even when identification of the relevant features is near perfect. These findings introduce a new constraint in the process of feature integration. Additional implications of the similarity constraint for theories of feature integration are discussed.
Rate-constrained motion estimation algorithm for video coding

We propose a rate-distortion-constrained motion estimation algorithm that leads to improvements in motion-compensated video coding. This is especially true in low bit rate video coding applications such as video conferencing. We introduce the concept of coding efficiency, and the rate-distortion optimization process is formulated as a problem of maximizing coding efficiency. Based on the coding efficiency, the proposed motion estimation algorithm measures the effect of choosing different motion vectors on the overall bit rate and reconstruction distortion. The main advantages of the algorithm are that it employs a more effective measure of performance and it is computationally simple. Our experimental results show that our proposed rate-constrained motion estimation algorithm yields better rate-distortion performance when compared with conventional motion estimation algorithms.