cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How the AMOC affects ocean temperatures on decadal to centennial timescales: the North Atlantic versus an interhemispheric seesaw

This study investigates how variations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) affect sea surface temperature (SST) within the simulations of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5. In particular, we explore whether the SST response is interhemispheric in nature, specifically as reflected in the Atlantic SST Dipole index, or whether the response is localized more in the North Atlantic Ocean. In the absence of direct observational data, this Dipole index has been proposed to approximate AMOC variations over the duration of the instrumental temperature record. We find that typically, on timescales between decadal and centennial, the SST Dipole index correlates with the AMOC with coefficients ranging from 0.2 to 0.7, typically with a 0–6 year lag, and thus explains less than half of the AMOC variance. In just two models this value slightly exceeds 50 %. Even for the models with the highest correspondence between the AMOC and the Dipole index, the correlation between the two variables is controlled mainly by SST variations in the North Atlantic, not the South Atlantic, both for the model control and historical simulations. Consequently, in nearly all models, the North Atlantic SST provides a better indicator of AMOC variations than the Atlantic Dipole. Thus, on decadal to centennial timescales AMOC variability affects mainly the North Atlantic Ocean, with the sensitivity of the North Atlantic SST between 40 and 60°N, given by the multi-model average, of about 0.3 °C per 1 Sv of AMOC change, explaining roughly one third of the SST variance.
Hormone-dependent brain development and neuroendocrine prophylaxis.

During the pre- and/or early postnatal life, systemic hormones and neurotransmitters are acting as organizers of the brain, which is the controller of the neuro-endocrine-immune system. Thus, the quantity of systemic hormones and neurotransmitters codetermines during critical periods of brain development the quality, i.e., the responsiveness, of their own central nervous controllers and hence the functional and tolerance ranges of their own feedback control systems throughout life. Abnormal levels of systemic hormones and neurotransmitters, which can be induced by abnormal conditions in the psychosocial and/or natural environment, can act as teratogens and lead to permanent physiological and/or psychological dysfunctions in later life. Thus, many deviations and malfunctions of reproduction, metabolism, information processing and immunity called up to now idiopathic, essential, cryptogenic, primary or genuine can be explained by abnormal pre- and/or early postnatal psycho- and/or physiological processes. Therefore, "structural teratology" (teratomorphology) was supplemented by "functional teratology" (teratopsychophysiology). Such deviations, dysfunctions or diseases based on abnormal brain development can widely be prevented either by optimizing the psychosocial and/or natural environment or by well-timed correcting abnormal concentrations of systemic hormones and/or neurotransmitters.
A multiphase model for the hydrodynamics and total dissolved gas in tailraces

Abstract Elevated supersaturation of total dissolved gas (TDG) has deleterious effects in aquatic organisms. To minimize the supersaturation of TDG at hydropower dams, spillway flow deflectors redirect spilled water horizontally forming a surface jet that prevents bubbles from plunging to depth in the stilling basin. A major issue regarding the prediction of the hydrodynamics and TDG in tailraces is the effect of the spillway bubbly surface jets on the flow field. Surface jets cause significant changes on the flow pattern since they attract water toward the jet region, a phenomenon called water entrainment. Bubbles create interfacial forces on the liquid, reduce the effective density and viscosity, and affect the liquid turbulence increasing the water entrainment. Most numerical studies on dams use standard single-phase models, which have demonstrated to fail to predict the hydrodynamics and TDG distribution. In this paper, an anisotropic two-phase flow model based on mechanistic principles capable of predicting water entrainment, gas volume fraction, bubble size and TDG concentration is presented. Good agreement between model results and field data is found in the tailrace of Wanapum Dam. The simulations capture the measured water entrainment and TDG distribution. The effect of the bubbles on the hydrodynamics and TDG distribution is analyzed.
Nonlinear Model Development from Flight-Test Data for F/A-18E Super Hornet

Applied procedures for nonlinear aerodynamic model development and extraction from flight data for the F/A-18E Super Hornet aircraft are addressed. Parameter identification maneuver design, flight-test support technique, and aerodynamic model development are included. All-axis 3-2-1-1 maneuvers were designed to best excite the longitudinal and lateral-directional system natural frequencies of interest. The work was in support of leading edge flap degraded modes studies for the F/A-18E aircraft investigated by the Naval Air Systems Command. In this flight-test program, the effect of off-schedule, differentially frozen, leading-edge flaps was examined with the aircraft in power-approach configuration. A variety of processes was employed to develop fully nonlinear longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic incremental model corrections. This effort included total aerodynamic coefficient reconstruction from flight-test data and equation error analysis for model structure development/estimation
Estimation of Mobile Trajectory in a Wireless Network: A Basis for User's Mobility Profiling for Mobile Trajectoy Based Services

A new trend of mobile wireless services based on trajectory of a mobile phone and hence that of a mobile user, called Mobile Trajectory Based Services (MTBS) is emerging. To provision MTBS, a mobile operator needs to determine the trajectories of a mobile user over a period of time (a week for example) and then save them as mobility profile. There are two major challenges in determining the trajectory of a mobile user: 1) Location estimation error 2) Location estimation polling frequency. We propose an adaptive polling method such that the polling is not frequent to overburden the air resources unnecessarily and it is not sparse that leads to an ambiguous and erroneous mobility profile. The polling method includes a new map matching scheme using GIS (Geographical Information System) map. The scheme is based on previous location, map topology and travel time from one intersection to other. So, from erroneous and moderately polled location points with time stamps, we form a spatiotemporal trajectory for a mobile user. A set of such trajectories for all days of the week would form a mobility profile, on which plethora of MTBS could be provisioned.
Efficient decomposition of cosmic microwave background polarization maps into pure E , pure B , and ambiguous components

Separation of the $B$ component of a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization map from the much larger $E$ component is an essential step in CMB polarimetry. For a map with incomplete sky coverage, this separation is necessarily hampered by the presence of ambiguous modes which could be either $E$ or $B$ modes. I present an efficient pixel-space algorithm for removing the ambiguous modes and separating the map into pure $E$ and $B$ components. The method, which works for arbitrary geometries, does not involve generating a complete basis of such modes and scales the cube of the number of pixels on the boundary of the map.
Measurement of DNA superhelix density by dye titrationslab gel electrophoresis

An ethidium bromide titration procedure using electrophoresis in horizontal multigels is described which facilitates measurement of DNA superhelix densities. Using this system, measured superhelix density was found to be dependent on the amount of DNA loaded on the gel.
Antiquarian answers: book restoration as a resource for design

As technologies age, they experience wear and degradation, sometimes resulting in loss of functionality. In response, parts are replaced and software is updated. Yet restoration - the process of returning something to a previous condition, often regardless of its instrumental value -"is a relatively rare practice with computational technologies. The aim of this paper is to enrich HCI design practices by considering the material qualities of restoration. We consider what makes a technology worth restoring and what constitutes the process of restoration by examining data collected from a three-month apprenticeship-based qualitative study of bookbinding. Building on relevant literatures, we offer antiquarian books -"long-established information technologies - as a lens onto the ways values are enacted through material engagements. We conclude with a discussion of restoration's role in HCI.
Measurement of electron spin relaxation in charged GaAs quantum dots: Application of nonlinear optical phase-modulation spectroscopy

Preliminary measurements of the electron spin relaxation rate (T 1 ) in charged GaAs quantum dots are made using a nonlinear optical phase-modulation spectroscopy technique. T 1 approaches 46 μsec at zero magnetic field.
Cytomegalovirus Survival and Transferability and the Effectiveness of Common Hand-Washing Agents against Cytomegalovirus on Live Human Hands

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission can occur when women acquire CMV while pregnant. Infection control guidelines may reduce risk for transmission. We studied the duration of CMV survival after application of bacteria to the hands and after transfer from the hands to surfaces and the effectiveness of cleansing with water, regular and antibacterial soaps, sanitizer, and diaper wipes. Experiments used CMV AD169 in saliva at initial titers of 1 × 10(5) infectious particles/ml. Samples from hands or surfaces (points between 0 and 15 min) were placed in culture and observed for at least 2 weeks. Samples were also tested using CMV real-time PCR. After application of bacteria to the hands, viable CMV was recovered from 17/20 swabs at 0 min, 18/20 swabs at 1 min, 5/20 swabs at 5 min, and 4/20 swabs at 15 min. After transfer, duration of survival was at least 15 min on plastic (1/2 swabs), 5 min on crackers and glass (3/4 swabs), and 1 min or less on metal and cloth (3/4 swabs); no viable virus was collected from wood, rubber, or hands. After cleansing, no viable virus was recovered using water (0/22), plain soap (0/20), antibacterial soap (0/20), or sanitizer (0/22). Viable CMV was recovered from 4/20 hands 10 min after diaper wipe cleansing. CMV remains viable on hands for sufficient times to allow transmission. CMV may be transferred to surfaces with reduced viability. Hand-cleansing methods were effective at eliminating viable CMV from hands.
Out of core dense solvers on Intel parallel supercomputers

Certain engineering problems give rise to systems of linear equations AX=B, where A is a large, dense matrix. ProSolver-DES is an out-of-core dense solver for the Intel iPSC/860 system which was specifically designed for such problems. Recently Intel introduced an alternate slab-style solver which does full column pivoting. The performance of this solver is slightly less than that of ProSolver-DES, but still obtains well over 4 Gflops on a 128-node system. The Paragon-XP/S is Intel's next-generation parallel supercomputer. It provides a quantum leap in performance over the iPSC/860 in all design dimensions. At the same time, the programming model fully supports the message passing model of the iPSC/860, and programs written for the iPSC/860 will run unmodified on the Paragon system. The dense solvers will be available on Paragon and will run significantly faster. >
Enhancing automatic speech recognition with an ultrasonic lip motion detector

This paper presents the results of experimentation with a simple ultrasonic lip motion detector or "Ultrasonic Mike" in automatic speech recognition. The device is tested in a speaker dependent isolated word recognition task with a vocabulary consisting of the spoken digits from zero to nine. The "Ultrasonic Mike" is used as input to an automatic lip reader. The automatic lip reader uses template matching and dynamic time warping to determine the best candidate for a given test utterance. The device is first tested as a stand alone automatic lip reader achieving accuracy as high as 89%. Next the automatic lip reader is combined with a conventional automatic speech recognizer. Classifier fusion is based on a pseudo probability mass function derived from the dynamic time warping distances. The combined system is tested with various levels of acoustic noise added. In a typical example, at 0 dB, the acoustic recognizer's accuracy was 78%, the lip reader accuracy was at 69%, but the combined accuracy was 93%. This experiment demonstrates that this simple ultrasonic lip motion detector, that has an output data rate 12500 times less than a typical video camera, can improve automatic speech recognition in noisy environments. This experiment also demonstrates an effective classifier fusion algorithm based on dynamic time warping distances.
Independent and Coordinate Effects of ADP-Ribosyltransferase and GTPase-Activating Activities of Exoenzyme S on HT-29 Epithelial Cell Function

Type III-mediated translocation of exoenzyme S (ExoS) into HT-29 epithelial cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes complex alterations in cell function, including inhibition of DNA synthesis, altered cytoskeletal structure, loss of readherence, microvillus effacement, and interruption of signal transduction. ExoS is a bifunctional protein having both GTPase-activating (GAP) and ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) functional domains. Comparisons of alterations in HT-29 cell function caused by P. aeruginosa strains that translocate ExoS having GAP or ADPRT mutations allowed the independent and coordinate functions of the two activities to be assessed. An E381A ADPRT mutation revealed that ExoS ADPRT activity was required for effects of ExoS on DNA synthesis and long-term cell rounding. Conversely, the R146A GAP mutation appeared to have little impact on the cellular effects of ExoS. While transient cell rounding was detected following exposure to the E381A mutant, this rounding was eliminated by an E379A-E381A ADPRT double mutation, implying that residual ADPRT activity, rather than GAP activity, was effecting transient cell rounding by the E381A mutant. To explore this possibility, E381A and R146A-E381A mutants were examined for their ability to ADP-ribosylate Ras in vitro or in vivo. While no ADP-ribosylation of Ras was detected by either mutant in vitro, both mutants were able to modify Ras when translocated by the bacteria, with the R146A-E381A mutant causing more efficient modification than the E381A mutant, in association with increased inhibition of DNA synthesis. Comparisons of Ras ADP-ribosylation by wild-type and E381A mutant ExoS by two-dimensional electrophoresis found the former to ADP-ribosylate Ras at two sites, while the latter modified Ras only once. These studies draw attention to the key role of ExoS ADPRT activity in causing the effects of bacterially translocated ExoS on DNA synthesis and cell rounding. In addition, the studies provide insight into the enhancement of ExoS ADPRT activity within the eukaryotic cell microenvironment and into possible modulatory roles that the GAP and ADPRT domains might have on the function of each other.
All-optical switching via inverse Raman scattering in an optical fiber

We report the observation of inverse Raman scattering (IRS) in optical fiber. The achieved level of attenuation via IRS in an optical fiber is > 20dB at a time scale < 5ps. We found good agreement between experimental data and theoretical calculations.
Should We Write Off Graphology

The scientific study of graphology (handwriting analysis) has had a long history. Many practitioners believe that graphology is a valuable selection aid and use this technique in a selection context, and in some European countries it is quite well thought of. While a few articles have proposed that graphology is a valid and useful selection technique, the overwhelming results of well-controlled empirical studies have been that the technique has not demonstrated acceptable validity. A review of relevant literature regarding both theory and research indicates that, while the procedure may have an intuitive appeal, graphology should not be used in a selection context.
Multibunch beam break-up in detuned structures [next-generation linacs]

A key problem in next-generation linear collider designs utilizing multibunching is the control of multibunch beam break-up. One method of controlling the break-up is detuning, i.e., varying the frequency of the transverse deflecting modes by varying the cell dimensions within the accelerating structures. In this case, the beam break-up is sensitive to the resonances between the bunch frequency and some of the deflecting mode frequencies. It is also sensitive to errors in the fabrication and alignment of the accelerating structures. We examine these effects in the context of the SLAC NLC design. >
A low-loss beam splitter with an optimized waveguide structure

Novel beam splitters with optimized waveguide structures are designed and fabricated using reactive ion etching. At 1.15 mu m the excess loss of the beam splitter is measured to be 1.2 dB for TE and 1.8 dB for TM polarizations, respectively. >
cis-Acting Sequences That Contribute to Synthesis of Minus-Strand DNA Are Not Conserved between Hepadnaviruses

Hepadnaviruses are DNA viruses that are found in several mammalian and avian species. These viruses replicate their genome through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate termed pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). pgRNA is reverse transcribed by the viral polymerase into a minus-strand DNA, followed by synthesis of the plus-strand DNA. There are multiple cis-acting sequences that contribute to the synthesis of minus-strand DNA for human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Less is known about the cis-acting sequences of avian hepadnaviruses that contribute to synthesis of minus-strand DNA. To identify cis-acting sequences of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and heron hepatitis B virus (HHBV), we analyzed variants containing 200-nucleotide (nt) deletions. Most variants of DHBV synthesized minus-strand DNA to 50 to 100% of the wild-type (WT) level, while two variants synthesized less than 50%. For HHBV, most variants synthesized minus-strand DNA to less than 50% the WT level. These results differ from those for HBV, where most of the genome can be removed with little consequence. HBV contains a sequence, φ, that contributes to the synthesis of minus-strand DNA. It has been proposed that DHBV has an analogous sequence. We determined that the proposed φ sequence of DHBV does not contribute to the synthesis of minus-strand DNA. Finally, we found that the DR2 sequence present in all hepadnaviruses is important for synthesis of minus-strand DNA in both DHBV and HHBV but not in HBV. These differences in cis-acting sequences suggest that the individual hepadnaviruses have evolved differences in their mechanisms for synthesizing minus-strand DNA, more so than for other steps in replication.
Multistroke cloud-to-ground strike to the NASA F-106B airplane

An analysis of electromagnetic waveform records and video images of a multistroke cloud-to-ground (CG) strike to the NASA F-106B instrumented airplane is presented. The CG flash started as a lightning strike triggered by the airplane and later produced multiple return strokes to the ground (the ground strike network registered six return strokes). Although there are some uncertainties in data interpretation resulting from lack of independent measurements with other than the airborne instruments, recoil streamers and eight sequences of dart leaders followed by return strokes (two more than were indicated by the ground network) were identified in the airborne data. At least three of the subsequent return strokes were attached to the airplane. The analysis provides evidence that formation of recoil streamers and dart leaders is accompanied by a surge in continuous current. This feature is similar to that observed in the bidirectional leader development during lightning initiation on the airplane.
Bureaucratic Politics in Radical Military Regimes

Most theories of bureaucratic politics depict state bureaucracies as a conservative force in the political system. Their resistance to radical politics and innovative programs is attributed to certain typical traits of bureaucratic structures and career patterns. I summarize the arguments for bureaucratic conservatism, and then describe how civilian bureaucracies serving military regimes in Japan (1937–45), Peru (1968–75), and Egypt (1952–70) invalidated those arguments by promoting radical policy programs through the three devices of supraministerial bodies, low-ranking ministries, and new specialized agencies. I conclude that middle theories of bureaucratic politics may prove more fruitful than grand theoretical attempts to encompass all bureaucracies in a single set of propositions, and that structural and occupational explanations of bureaucratic behavior need to be modified by a greater appreciation for the role of individual bureaucratic leaders.
Reforming Career Appraisals to Meet the Needs of Clients in the 1990s

Career appraisals are intended to strengthen clients in recognizing and pursuing viable career options. However, this article shows that the structure of client and counselor roles and the focus of the assessments and interpretation in the typical appraisal obstruct this objective in four major ways. It proposes that radical reformations, rather than minor revisions, are required and offers methods for eliminating each obstacle. The four obstructions are: (1) casting clients as subordinates rather than as collaborators, (2) discounting self-assessment by favoring counselor assessments, (3) de-emphasizing the influence of contexts in clients' development, and (4) focusing on a single choice rather than on strengthening client decision-making and knowledge for follow-through.
Maximizing the value of electronic prescription monitoring programs.

There is general agreement that the “principle of balance” should guide controlled substance policy and regulation in the United States. Although the diversion of controlled substances from medical to nonmedical purposes is a significant public health problem, overly aggressive controlled substance regulation has been shown to have an unintended deterrent effect on appropriate controlled substance use, including pain management with opioid analgesics. The promotion of effective pain management and the reduction of substance abuse are equally important regulatory objectives. Neither regulatory objective need be sacrificed to achieve the other. Rather, the two objectives must be balanced with each other to assure that necessary pain management is encouraged while drug abuse is curtailed. Approximately 75 million people in the United States suffer from severe pain. Fifty million of these suffer chronic pain, and 25 million suffer acute pain from trauma or surgery. Pain is not merely an uncomfortable symptom.
Predicting Variation in Microhabitat Utilization of Terrestrial Salamanders

Understanding patterns of microhabitat use among terrestrial salamanders is important for predicting their responses to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The dependence of terrestrial salamanders on cutaneous respiration limits their spatial distribution to moist, humid areas. Although many studies have shown negative effects of canopy removal on terrestrial salamander abundance, some have shown potential ameliorating effects of retaining coarse woody debris (CWD) as moist refugia (critical resources in the landscape). Because cover objects like CWD retain moisture longer than fine debris, terrestrial salamanders are often more locally abundant in areas of dense cover. Temporally variable environmental conditions could affect microhabitat quality and influence the fine-scale spatial distributions of salamanders. Spatial and temporal variability in microhabitat use greatly influence individual detectability, which is always a challenge for terrestrial salamanders. We conducted repeated area-constrained surveys to examine variation in salamander microhabitat use of terrestrial salamanders in relation to season, year, and weather conditions. We found that time since rain (TSR) was the best predictor of relative salamander microhabitat use, but the strength of this relationship varied among years. In addition, TSR was also the best predictor of salamander surface activity. We captured most salamanders within leaf litter, but the proportion of leaf litter captures varied with TSR. Our results illustrate the importance of accounting for variable detectability when sampling for terrestrial salamanders. Disturbances which affect leaf litter depth and decomposition rates could influence the availability and quality of microhabitats and potentially increase competition among individuals for natural cover objects.
Twisted window search for efficient shape localization

Many computer vision systems approximate targets' shape with rectangular bounding boxes. This choice trades localization accuracy for efficient computation. We propose twisted window search, a strict generalization over rectangular window search, for the globally optimal localization of a target's shape. Despite its generality, we show that the new algorithm runs in O(n3), an asymptotic time complexity that is no greater than that of rectangular window search on an image of resolution n × n. We demonstrate improved results of twisted window search for localizing and tracking non-rigid objects with significant orientation, scale and shape change. Twisted window search runs at nearly 10 frames per second in our MATLAB/C++ implementation on images of resolution 240 × 320 on a quad-core laptop.
Sex roles as factors in defense mechanisms and object relations

Abstract For this study, 150 men and 164 women completed the Bern Sex-Role Inventory and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Data analyses showed that Turning Against the Object related negatively to femininity, Reversal of Affect related positively to femininity, and that the inner-oriented mode of object relations was associated with femininity. For women only, masculinity related positively with Principalization and Reversal of Affect, and negatively with Turning Against the Self. We interpret the results by viewing the measured defenses as being linked to aggression and its sex-role correlates.
A tale of two cities — Characterizing social community structures of fleet vehicles for modeling V2V information dissemination

We study the presence of social communities in mobility traces from vehicular fleets. By analyzing publicly available sets of fleet vehicle mobility traces obtained from two real-world deployments — consisting of more than 2000 taxis in Shanghai and Beijing respectively, we confirm the existence of small numbers of distinct social communities in vehicular networks, which is in direct contrast to the general belief that vehicular networks are best modeled as a relatively homogeneous system. We examine the spatio-temporal characteristics of social communities, gaining the insight that they are driven primarily by social proximity induced by geographic locality. We then develop a parsimonious multi-community ordinary differential equation (ODE) model, which uses the heterogeneous structure introduced by social communities to model information dissemination. We show through simulations that this approach dramatically outperforms the conventional homogeneous ODE model in capturing the dynamics of the dissemination process. We further demonstrate that the use of the ODE model to optimize seeding of an initial set of vehicles results in improved utility for information dissemination compared to seed-optimization using a homogeneous model.
Assessing the Spatial Concentration and Temporal Persistence of Poverty: Industrial Structure, Racial/Ethnic Composition, and the Complex Links to Poverty

This study assesses the social-structural, spatial, and temporal dimensions of aggregate-level poverty in the US Upper Midwest between 1960 and 2000. Central focus is on the links between local-area poverty, industrial structure and racial/ethnic composition, and the spatial and temporal dimensions of the linkages. During the study period, the region underwent significant industrial restructuring and dramatic change in racial/ethnic concentration. Using newly developed statistical methods for spatial-temporal regression, we explore hypotheses related to the spatial and temporal dimensions of the complex relationship between poverty, industrial structure, and race/ethnicity. Our approach yields reliable and interpretable estimates for structural factors of interest as well as the spatial-temporal autocorrelation structure underlying the data. Results inform theory about the implications of industrial structure and racial/ethnic composition for the concentration and persistence of poverty with clear direction for future research, and contribute to our understanding of the methodological approaches to investigating data that varies by and is dependent on space and time.
Results from the first deployment of the BASS Rake field prototype

The BASS Rake is an acoustic travel time current meter designed to make spatially and temporally dense velocity profile measurements in the continental shelf wave bottom boundary layer. The thinness of the layer is responsible for high levels of bottom shear stress which are important contributors to the sediment entrainment process and which enhance turbulent dissipation of flow energy. The BASS Rake is a modification of BASS, the Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor, using a new geometry to image flow in the WBBL. A laboratory prototype has previously demonstrated the features and near bed capabilities of the new design. The field prototype described was constructed with standard BASS components to evaluate the measurement technique and the performance of the support frame in the near shore zone. The field prototype measures the horizontal velocity vector at ten heights from the bottom up to 30 cm above the bottom. The results of tow tank calibration and cosine response measurements are presented. After calibration the field prototype was deployed in 3 m of water immediately outside the surf zone of a local beach. Profiles were recorded continuously at 1 Hz for approximately 3.5 weeks in December of 1996. This period includes both calm and storm conditions. Selected data from this deployment are presented.
Racial Disparity in Time Between First Diagnosis and Initial Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

BackgroundDisparities among patients with prostate cancer exist across the continuum of care. The interval of time that lapses between first diagnosis and treatment is another disparity that may ex...
UV Excitation of DNA Stabilized Ag Cluster Fluorescence via the DNA Bases

We report UV excitation through the DNA bases as a universal pathway to visible emission from DNA stabilized silver cluster fluorophores (AgDNAs). AgDNAs with peak emissions throughout the visible spectrum all exhibit two peaks in fluorescence excitation: a visible peak at a wavelength 50–150 nm shorter than the emission peak and a UV peak between 260 and 270 nm depending on the specifics of the DNA strand. UV excitation produces the same emission spectrum as visible excitation with 2–4 times greater intensity depending on the specific emitter. The excellent agreement between AgDNA excitation and absorption spectra, the similarity between AgDNA and bare DNA absorption spectra, and the ubiquity of UV excitation for all the AgDNAs studied strongly suggest that UV excitation proceeds via the DNA bases rather than by direct excitation of higher energy excited states of the Ag cluster. We explore the possibility that UV excitation can provide information about the type, number, and orientation of cluster-bound...
Observations on a precipitin reaction between serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a preparation (Cohn fraction II) of human gamma globulin.

SummaryThe precipitin reaction which has been observed will permit study of the 2 factors, one found in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the other in human gamma globulin, which interact to give a positive FII test (Heller). This reaction eliminates the need for sheep cells and lends itself to investigation by technics of quantitative immunochemistry (6).
Further Observations of Phenothiazine in Experimental Trichinosis.

ConclusionsContrary to our previously published observations, no evidence was found that phenothiazine administered prior to, concurrent with, or after infestation, has any appreciable value in experimental trichinosis in rats. There is strong evidence of a sex variation in the susceptibility of rats to Trichinella infection, females having higher resistance as indicated by the number of encysted Trichinella found after feeding standard doses of larvae.
Nest-Site Selection and the Radiative Environment of the Warbling Vireo

Selection of an appropriate nest site is a critical aspect of avian reproduction, since it determines the environment to which the adult, the eggs, and nidicolous young will be exposed for extensive and critical portions of the life cycle. Thus, nest placement may affect reproductive success importantly, and it presumably has evolved in relation to various factors, such as predation, the local availability of resources, and microclimate.
Survey on the Illegal Drugs Added in Health Food with Losing Weight,Relieving Physical Fatigue and Assist-Reducing Glycemia Functions

Objective To investigate the situation of drugs added illegally into health food with three functions in our country.Method A total of 166 samples collected from the National Surveillance Work on Health Food Products in 2008 were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS /MS).Results The overall detection rate of illegal drugs was 14.5%,and the positive rates were different significantly in six provinces.The detection rate of illegal drugs in capsule samples (33.3%) was the highst.The ratio of samples combined in using drugs was 45.8% in total positive samples.Conclusion Situation of illegal drugs used in health foods was very serious,especially in certain provinces.Combining use of drugs in health food products should be concerned by food hygiene supervision departments.
Mechanism and Technology on Desalination by Melting Underground Saline Water Ice

Simulated experiment about saline groundwater was conducted using the method of melting,to analyze dynamic of salinity and ion concentrations in the melting process,and the relationship among salt and ion content in melt water.The results showed that the salinity of the melt-water was up to 14.71 g/L at the beginning of melting ice.But with the process of melting saline ice,the saline and ion content,such as Cl-,SO2-4,CO2-3,HCO-3,Na+,Mg2+,and K+ in the melt water gradually decreased,and showed highly significant exponential correlation with the melting process(P0.01) with the R2 of more than 90%.While for Ca2+,the concentration increased at first and then decreased,showed significant parabolic relationship.From model calculated,after melting 79 mL water of 500 mL,the surplus ice salinity would be less than 2 g/L,which was the criterion of agricultural irrigation.While melting 216.5 mL,the salinity would be less than 1 g/L.At the beginning of melting ice,the major ions in the melt water were Na+,Mg2+,and Cl-,but at last,the major ions consisted of Na+,Mg2+,Cl-,and SO2-4.The salinity in melt water has highly significant positive correction with Cl-,CO2-3,HCO-3,Na+,Mg2+,and significant positive relationship with SO2-4,but has significant negative correction with Ca2+.The dynamic characteristic of the salinity show high consisted with ion content in the process of melting ice,and underground saline water desalination could be achieved.
Dispositional emotional expressivity, cancer-specific coping, and distress in socioeconomically-disadvantaged Latinas.

Objective Coping processes directed toward avoiding and approaching stressor-related thoughts and emotions predict psychological adjustment. However, few studies have examined how the relationship between dispositional emotional tendencies and stressor-specific coping affects outcomes. The aim of the current study was to examine the association of dispositional emotional expressivity (i.e., the propensity to experience and express emotions strongly) with cancer-specific coping through avoidance and emotional approach to predict intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms in Latinas with breast cancer. Method Recently diagnosed Latina breast cancer patients receiving treatment completed standardized assessments via interview at 2 time points: within 18 months of diagnosis (Time 1; N = 95) and 3 months later (Time 2; N = 79). Results Most women were immigrants (93%), reported a combined household income of $20,000 or less (75%), did not graduate from high school (59%), and primarily spoke Spanish (88%). In path analyses, more recent immigration was associated with greater dispositional expressivity, which in turn was associated with coping with the cancer experience using both greater avoidance and emotional approach strategies. Only avoidance-oriented strategies predicted an increase in intrusive thoughts at 3 months. No significant effects on depressive symptoms were observed. Conclusions Findings suggest that Latina breast cancer patients who have a propensity to experience and express emotions strongly may be initially overwhelmed by their cancer-related emotions and consequently turn to avoidance-oriented and emotional approach strategies to cope with their diagnosis. Avoidance-oriented coping in turn may uniquely predict an increase in cancer-related intrusive thoughts 3 months later. (PsycINFO Database Record
Institutional Economics and the Crises of Capitalism

This chapter is concerned with institutional change in market capitalist society. The history of this social order is one of persistent crises. These appear in myriad guises and levels such as aggregate stabilization crises, environmental and resource crises, crises of demographic adjustment, urban crises, and the crises faced by laborers, business enterprises, or local communities faced with economic obsolescence. Institutional change has largely consisted of reactive response to one or another such crises.
Emerald cities: Urban sustainability and economic development

Joan Fitzgerald connects two historically divergent concepts – sustainability and economic development – in her timely book, Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development. The main ...
On the Detection of Footsteps Based on Acoustic and Seismic Sensing

In this work, we present a copula-based framework for integrating signals of different but statistically correlated modalities for binary hypothesis testing problems. Specifically, we consider the problem of detecting the presence of a human using footstep signals from seismic and acoustic sensors. An approach based on canonical correlation analysis and copula theory is employed to establish a likelihood ratio test. Experimental results based on real data are presented.
A novel criterion for conduction block after catheter ablation of right atrial tachycardia after mitral valve surgery.

Background— One operative approach to the mitral valve, the superior transseptal incision, is proarrhythmic because of extensive atriotomies. The objective of this study is to describe complex atrial tachycardias (ATs) that occur after this approach and propose methods to verify lines of block as an end point for catheter ablation. Methods and Results— Of the 69 patients who had electrophysiological studies for AT after mitral valve surgery, 20 patients had prior superior transseptal incisions. Of these, 14 had complex ATs involving the lateral right atrium (RA). There were 9 dual-loop, 4 single-loop, and 1 focal tachycardias. Lateral wall ablation was performed either by creating a linear lesion from the lateral atriotomy to the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, or tricuspid annulus or by ablating focally in the lateral RA. After a single ablation procedure, conduction block in the lateral wall was verified in 10 of 14 patients using 1 of 2 distinct patterns of block. One pattern consisted of late activation in an anterolateral corridor of the RA, and a second pattern consisted of wide-spaced double potentials. Recurrent conduction through the lateral wall lesions was associated with intraprocedural and late recurrences of ATs. Conclusions— The optimal end point for ablating ATs after mitral valve surgery with the superior transseptal approach is to establish lines of block that can be recognized by characteristic patterns of activation in the lateral RA. A novel criterion for lateral conduction block after catheter ablation is identification of a late-activated corridor in the anterolateral RA.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Array of Elastin-like Polypeptide-Polyelectrolyte Conjugates with Varying Chemistries and Amine Content for Biomedical Applications.

Many structural variants of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), the genetically engineered equivalents of part of human elastin, currently are being investigated for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here, we report preparation of six different aminated ELP conjugates via two strategies. In the first, a direct linking strategy was used to couple hydrophobic ELP with either polyethyleneimine, polylysine, or polyarginine. In the second, conjugates were made by attaching ELP onto the reactive polymer, poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone), and then exhaustively reacting residual azlactone groups with either ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, or arginine. Molecular size and chemistry of the resulting six aminated-ELP conjugates were confirmed through gel electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the conjugates prepared using the “direct reaction scheme” formed small aggregates as well as retained their inverse volume-phase transition temperature...
Bringing Fresh Produce to Corner Stores in Declining Neighborhoods: Reflections from Detroit FRESH

The paper reports and reflects on an action research project to increase availability and sales of fresh produce in 26 neighborhood corner stores in Detroit, Michigan. Through analysis of neighbor­hood, store-related, and supply-chain character­istics, I identify factors in successful operations as well as challenges confronted by stores between 2009 and 2012, when many Detroit neighborhoods lost population due to tax foreclosure and aban­donment. Neighborhood distress was reflected in challenges experienced by a majority of stores, including those that dropped out of the project prematurely (five out of seven), or participated only inconsistently (seven out of 10). Nine stores supplied fresh produce consistently. Operators with high levels of performance tended to be in zip codes experiencing population losses at a lower rate than the citywide average, be more committed to their store-neighborhood, have more experience with fresh produce sales, and be more willing to test alternatives. This paper reflects on the chal­lenges of implementing corner store strategies in rapidly depopulating neighborhoods without ongoing subsidy. It also demonstrates the lessons in implementing them as action research projects including with students and community partners.
Financial Sector Health Since 2007: A Comparative Analysis of the United States, Europe, and Asia

This essay uses recent methodology for estimating capital shortfalls of financial institutions during aggregate stress to assess the evolution of financial sector health since 2007 in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Financial sector capital shortfalls reached a peak in the end of 2008 and early 2009 for United States and Europe; however, they declined thereafter steadily only for the United States, with Europe reaching a similar peak in the fall of 2011 during the sovereign crises in the southern periphery. In contrast, the financial sector in Asia had little capital shortfall in 2008–2009 but the shortfall has increased steadily since 2010, notably for China and Japan. These relative patterns can be explained on the basis of the regulatory responses in the United States, the lack thereof in Europe, stagnation in Japan, and the bank-leverage-based fiscal stimulus in China.
The Russian Siloviki & Political Change

The siloviki – Russian security and military personnel – are a key part of Team Putin. They are not, however, a coherent group, and there are important organizational and factional cleavages among the siloviki. Compared with some security and military forces around the world, Russian military and security forces generally lack the attributes that would make them a proactive and cohesive actor in bringing about fundamental political change in Russia. In the face of potential revolutionary change, most Russian military and security bodies do not have the cohesion or the will to defend the regime with significant violence. Russian siloviki are a conservativeforce supportive of the status quo. Future efforts by the siloviki to maintain the stability of the existing political order are most likely to be reactive, divided, and behind the scenes.
Automatic parallelization of fine-grained metafunctions on a chip multiprocessor

Due to the importance of reliability and security, prior studies have proposed inlining metafunctions into applications for detecting bugs and security vulnerabilities. However, because these software techniques add frequent, fine-grained instrumentation to programs, they often incur large runtime overheads. In this work, we consider an automatic thread extraction technique for removing these fine-grained checks from a main application and scheduling them on helper threads. In this way, we can leverage the resources available on a CMP to reduce the latency and overhead of fine-grained checking codes. Our parallelization strategy extracts metafunctions from a single threaded application and executes them in customized helper threads—threads constructed to mirror relevant fragments of the main program’s behavior in order to keep communication and overhead low. To get good performance, we consider optimizations that reduce communication and balance work among many threads. We evaluate our parallelization strategy on Mudflap, a pointer-use checking tool in GCC. To show the benefits of our technique, we compare it to a manually parallelized version of Mudflap. We run our experiments on an architectural simulator with support for fast queueing operations. On a subset of SPECint 2000, our automatically parallelized code using static load balance is only 19p slower, on average, than the manually parallelized version on a simulated eight-core system. In addition, our automatically parallelized code using dynamic load balance is competitive, on average, to the manually parallelized version on a simulated eight-core system. Furthermore, all the applications except parser achieve better speedups with our automatic algorithms than with the manual approach. Also, our approach introduces very little overhead in the main program—it is kept under 100p, which is more than a 5.3× reduction compared to serial Mudflap.
ABM Clinical Protocol #8: Human Milk Storage Information for Home Use for Full-Term Infants, Revised 2017.

A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols, free from commercial interest or influence, for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.