cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity velocity measurements in a totally blocked interior subchannel of a wire-wrapped 61-pin hexagonal fuel bundle

Abstract Liquid metal fast reactors typically utilize a tightly packed triangular lattice of fuel pins helically wrapped with a wire spacer and enclosed in a hexagonal duct. During reactor operation partial or total flow blockage of coolant channels may occur at different locations of the fuel assembly. Due to potential isolated or combined causes, these blockages may include collection and accumulation of debris, and cladding deformation. The complexity of the flow behavior and heat transfer phenomena within a wire-wrapped fuel assembly accompanied with the effects of channel blockage has motivated the research community around the world, initiating extensive experimental and numerical investigations. The 61-pin wire-wrapped experimental bundle at Texas A& M University, with its clear, fully accessible test section, has been designed, constructed, and operated to conduct high-resolution measurements of the flow characteristics at different locations within the bundle. High spatial and temporal resolution measurements of the velocity fields within vertical and horizontal planes at different locations in test bundle have been produced using advanced laser-based techniques. The pressure at different axial and azimuthal locations in the bundle has been measured within a wide Reynolds number range to investigate laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes. In this article new high-resolution measurements of the velocity fields and turbulent characteristics within a totally blocked interior subchannel are presented. The time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements have been performed within the interior subchannel of the wire wrapped fuel bundle, under the presence of a localized, total blockage of one of the subchannels near the center pin. From the obtained velocity fields the first and second-order flow statistics, such as mean velocity, root-mean-square fluctuating velocity, and Reynolds stress, are computed and presented. Spectral analysis was performed to the fluctuating velocity and the vortex shedding frequency was found at St = 0.16 . Finally, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis was applied to the instantaneous velocity fields to extract the coherent flow structures in the flow region downstream of the blockage. The experimental results produced not only provide a better understanding of the flow behaviors under a channel blockage, but also support the validation of commercial and advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes with a unique set of experimental data.
Trust in Administrators among Community College Faculty Members.

ABSTRACTWhile faculty trust in administrators has been studied in K-12 schools and four-year higher education institutions (HEIs), we know little about how community college faculty view of trust. ...
Evolutionarily conserved peptides coordinate lunar phase and metabolism.

The family of peptides controlling metabolism and reproduction in vertebrate and invertebrate animals has deep evolutionary roots. In vertebrates, the primary peptide controlling sexual differentiation and reproduction is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a decapeptide with “relatives” extending to the alpha factor, a tridecapeptide mating pheromone of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) (1). The yeast pheromone is able to reproduce the biological actions of GnRH in the mammalian pituitary gland, thus suggesting that structural and functional properties of the GnRH-related superfamily (2) of ligands and peptides have been highly conserved during evolution. Invertebrate peptides evolved extensively within the bilaterian lineage and appear to have retained the ancestral role of mobilizing metabolic resources in response to stress, including the necessities of reproduction. In PNAS, Andreatta et al. (3) build on previous work showing that the marine bristleworm Platynereis dumerilii has a circalunar (monthly) clock that interacts in an independent manner with the circadian clock (4). In this most recent study (3), the authors use gene-editing techniques to generate animals mutant for the gene encoding corazonin1, a peptide belonging to the GnRH superfamily, and demonstrate that the animals are normal with respect to development and reproduction, yet show metabolic problems with energy homeostasis. Cells releasing endocrine signals are likely to predate the appearance of a nervous system, since they can be found in extant metazoans (sponges and cnidarians; Fig. 1) lacking nerve cells (5), animals that predate the split giving rise to protostomes (Arthropoda and annelids; Fig. 1), and deuterostomes (echinoderms and chordates; Fig. 1). A subject of intense discussion in the literature is the naming of the peptides related to GnRH / GnRH receptors (6), where evolutionary analysis of ligands is closely coupled with their receptors because they usually coevolve. One member of the GnRH superfamily, corazonin (first named because it stimulated the … [↵][1]1Email: kathleen.whitlock{at}uv.cl. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Multi-objective Optimization of Gas Turbine Combustion Tuning Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient

By observing and analyzing the main data of combustion tuning of 9F.03 gas turbine DLN 2.6+ LVE combustion system, Pearson Correlation Coefficient(PCC) method is used to correlate the parameters of combustion tuning process. Through the correlation degree of parameters such as fuel valve opening, combustion pollutant emission and Combustion Dynamics(CD) under typical firing mode and operation condition of gas turbine, combined with the basic processes of combustion adjustment, a new method is proposed, a new combustion tuning method based on Pearson correlation coefficient is proposed, which effectively solves the problem of multi-objective optimization in combustion tuning. Through the test data set, the two most common firing modes of gas turbines, Mode 6.2 and Mode 6.3, were tested, and the test results showed that the method was able to quickly complete multi-objective optimization of combustion parameters under common operating conditions.Finally, it puts forward some opinions on the shortcomings and limitations of this method, and provides suggestions for future development.
The Role of Past and Current Medical Use on Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs among College Students: Exploring Same-Drug and Cross-Drug Class Associations

Background: Understanding the role that medical use of prescription drugs plays in nonmedical use of prescription drugs can inform prevention efforts. In order to understand fully the potential risk that medical use of prescription drugs conveys for nonmedical use of prescription drugs, the current study explored (a) the simultaneous associations between the medical use of several classes of prescription drugs with current nonmedical use of the same and other prescription drug classes, and (b) whether the associations depended upon past or current medical use. Methods: Data came from a cross-sectional survey of 1686 college students, which assessed past and current medical use and current nonmedical use of stimulants, sedatives/anxiolytics, and opioid analgesics. Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that both past and current medical use of sedatives/anxiolytics and opioid analgesics predicted the current nonmedical use of the same drug class, whereas past medical use of stimulants predicted the current nonmedical use of stimulants. In addition, current medical use of stimulants predicted current nonmedical use of sedatives/anxiolytics and past medical use of sedatives/anxiolytics predicted current nonmedical use of opioid analgesics. Conclusions: This study provides a broader examination than past research of simultaneous same-drug class and cross-drug class associations between medical and nonmedical prescription drug use, as well as the role of past and current medical use in these associations. Overall, the results suggest that efforts to prevent nonmedical use of a prescription drug class should move beyond targeting only those who have or who are using the same drug class medically.
Epicardial Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Catheter ablation can effectively reduce the frequency of ventricular tachycardia in ischemic cardiomyopathy by ablating sites of reentry within complex regions of myocardial scar. In cases of near transmural infarction, this arrhythmia substrate may be nearer the epicardium than the endocardium, and epicardial ablation may be necessary. An epicardial substrate location can potentially be predicted by imaging that suggests transmural infarction. Percutaneous epicardial ablation improves outcomes in selected patients, but is higher risk and avoided in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting.
Stressed erythrophagocytosis induces immunosuppression during sepsis through heme-mediated STAT1 dysregulation

Macrophages are main effectors of heme metabolism, increasing transiently in the liver during heightened disposal of damaged or senescent red blood cells (sRBC). Macrophages are also essential in defense against microbial threats, but pathologic states of heme excess may be immunosuppressive. Herein, we uncovered a mechanism whereby an acute rise in sRBC disposal by macrophages led to an immunosuppressive phenotype following intrapulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection characterized by increased extrapulmonary bacterial proliferation and reduced survival from sepsis in mice. The impaired immunity to K. pneumoniae during heightened sRBC disposal was independent of iron acquisition by bacterial siderophores, as K. pneumoniae mutant lacking siderophore function recapitulated findings observed with wildtype strain. Rather, sRBC disposal induced a liver transcriptomic profile notable for suppression of Stat1 and interferon-related responses during K. pneumoniae sepsis. Excess heme handling by macrophages recapitulated STAT1 suppression during infection that required synergistic NRF1 and NRF2 activation but was independent of heme oxygenase-1 induction. Whereas iron was dispensable, the porphyrin moiety of heme was sufficient to mediate suppression of STAT1-dependent responses in human and mouse macrophages and promoted liver dissemination of K. pneumoniae in vivo. Thus, cellular heme metabolism dysfunction negatively regulates the STAT1 pathway with implications in severe infection.
Solving Problems on Functions: Role of the Graphic Calculator

Con el fin de analizar el papel que la calculadora grafica juega en la resolucion de problemas sobre funciones, se hizo un pequeno estudio cuasi-experimental con cuatro pares de estudiantes de pre-grado variando la condicion de la disponibilidad de la calculadora. El analisis de los protocolos de las sesiones revela que no hay mayores diferencias que se puedan atribuir a la presencia o ausencia de la calculadora grafica; sin embargo, las diferencias observadas en el uso de estrategias que se usaron en cada problema pueden explicarse en terminos de la naturaleza del conocimiento en juego y de la disponibilidad de tal conocimiento para los estudiantes. El estudio sugiere ademas un modelo para realizar investigaciones que busquen explicar los efectos de la tecnologia en el aprendizaje y en la instruccion.
Conformal cosmology and the age of the universe

We show that within the cosmology associated with conformal gravity the age of the universe is given as $1/H_0$, to thus overcome the current cosmological age crisis. We show that while the parameter $\Omega_{mat} = \rho_{mat} / \rho_C$ takes on all values between zero and infinity in conformal gravity, nonetheless it is of order one (but not identically equal to one) for half a Hubble time to thus naturally explain its current closeness to one without fine tuning. We show that the cosmological constant is naturally of order the energy density $\rho_{mat}$ of ordinary matter again without fine tuning. We compare and contrast conformal cosmology with that of the standard Friedmann cosmology.
Effect of K+ depolarization on the synthesis of prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetra(5,8,11,14)enoic acids (HETE) in the rat retina: evidence for esterification of 12-HETE in lipids

Abstract [14C]Arachidonic acid is metabolized to prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in the rat retina. After intravitreal injection of [14C]arachidonic acid, 25% of the injected radiolabel was recovered in the retinal lipids. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol were most actively labeled; however, all glycerolipids incorporated arachidonic acid. The synthesis of prostaglandins E2, F2α, D2, 6-keto-F1α, thromboxane B2 and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The identity of 12-HETE was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Incubation of prelabeled retinas in vitro promoted the release of [14C]arachidonic acid from glycerolipids. A 12-fold increase in the synthesis of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids occurred with no change in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Incubation in a depolarizing medium (45 mM K+) resulted in a selective increase in hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, an effect that was blocked by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (1 μM) and eicosatetraynoic acid (10 μM). 12-[3H8]Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, intravitreally injected, was incorporated into retinal lipids with a distribution similar to arachidonic acid. When retinas labeled with 12-[3H8]hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were incubated, there was a large release of the incorporated radioactivity, and metabolism to other products with the Chromatographie properties of dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The release of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was not affected by depolarizing conditions (45 mM K+); however, the conversion of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid to dihydroxy isomers was stimulated by K+. These experiments demonstrate active pathways for the generation of eicosanoids in the rat retina that are sensitive to membrane depolarization and lipoxygenase inhibitors.
a/alpha-specific effect on the mms3 mutation on ultraviolet mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract A new gene involved in error-prone repair of ultraviolet (UV) damage has been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the mms3-1 mutation. UV-induced reversion is reduced in diploids that are homozygous for mms3-1, only if they are also heterozygous (MATa/MAT alpha) at the mating type locus. The mms3-1 mutation has no effect on UV-induced reversion either in haploids or MATa/MATa or MAT alpha/MAT alpha diploids. The mutation confers sensitivity to UV and methyl methane sulfonate in both haploids and diploids. Even though mutation induction by UV is restored to wild-type levels in MATa/MATa mms3-1/mms3-1 or MAT alpha/MAT alpha mms3-1/mms3-1 diploids, such strains still retain sensitivity to the lethal effects of UV. Survival after UV irradiation in mms3-1 rad double mutant combinations indicates that mms3-1 is epistatic to rad6-1 whereas non-epistatic interactions are observed with rad3 and rad52 mutants. When present in the homozygous state in MATa/MAT alpha his1-1/his1-315 heteroallelic diploids, mms3-1 was found to lower UV-induced mitotic recombination.
The Ethics of Two-Way Symmetry and the Dilemmas of Dialogic Kantianism

J. E. Grunig's (1992a) seminal work on excellence theory and subsequent works by other scholars advance the two-way symmetrical model as a best-practice approach to public relations (PR). In part, two-way symmetry is preferred because of an assertion that it is the most ethical form of practice. However, only within a means-based deontological framework do two-way symmetry and the principle of dialogue emerge as universally ethical. Taking an ends-based utilitarian standpoint makes the potential ethical flaws of two-way symmetry apparent. Issues of moral luck, hegemony, and the limitations of dialogue also pose problems for the moral primacy claims surrounding two-way symmetry. The analysis that follows points toward a need for a more relative and contingent approach to PR ethics, and by extension to PR practice itself.
Role of β‐lactamase residues in a common interface for binding the structurally unrelated inhibitory proteins BLIP and BLIP‐II

The β-lactamase inhibitory proteins (BLIPs) are a model system for examining molecular recognition in protein-protein interactions. BLIP and BLIP-II are structurally unrelated proteins that bind and inhibit TEM-1 β-lactamase. Both BLIPs share a common binding interface on TEM-1 and make contacts with many of the same TEM-1 surface residues. BLIP-II, however, binds TEM-1 over 150-fold tighter than BLIP despite the fact that it has fewer contact residues and a smaller binding interface. The role of eleven TEM-1 amino acid residues that contact both BLIP and BLIP-II was examined by alanine mutagenesis and determination of the association (kon) and dissociation (koff) rate constants for binding each partner. The substitutions had little impact on association rates and resulted in a wide range of dissociation rates as previously observed for substitutions on the BLIP side of the interface. The substitutions also had less effect on binding affinity for BLIP than BLIP-II. This is consistent with the high affinity and small binding interface of the TEM-1-BLIP-II complex, which predicts per residue contributions should be higher for TEM-1 binding to BLIP-II versus BLIP. Two TEM-1 residues (E104 and M129) were found to be hotspots for binding BLIP while five (L102, Y105, P107, K111, and M129) are hotspots for binding BLIP-II with only M129 as a common hotspot for both. Thus, although the same TEM-1 surface binds to both BLIP and BLIP-II, the distribution of binding energy on the surface is different for the two target proteins, that is, different binding strategies are employed.
Reproducibility and Detection Threshold of Peri-Implant Diagnostics

There is an increasing awareness that, for clinical monitoring of oral implants, there is a need for reliable diagnostics and possibly prognostic parameters. Indeed, reports have too often limited ...
Nonlinear fusion of Gabor wavelet filters for locating objects, edges and clutter

We note the use of Gabor wavelet filters to locate objects and edges (for detections of regions of interest in scenes), to locate clutter regions (to reduce false alarms) and to produce distortion invariant features (for object classification). We describe new ways to select Gabor filter parameters, new nonlinear ways to combine Gabor function outputs for improved performance and to reduce the number of filters necessary.
Slogging and Stumbling Toward Social Justice in a Private Elementary School: The Complicated Case of St. Malachy:

This case study examines St. Malachy, an urban Catholic elementary school primarily serving children traditionally marginalized by race, class, linguistic heritage, and disability. As a private school, St. Malachy serves the public good by recruiting and retaining such traditionally marginalized students. As empirical studies involving Catholic schools frequently juxtapose them with public schools, the author presents this examination from a different tack. Neither vilifying nor glorifying Catholic schooling, this study critically examines the pursuit of social justice in this school context. Data gathered through a 1-year study show that formal and informal leaders in St. Malachy adapted their governance, aggressively sought community resources, and focused their professional development to build the capacity to serve their increasingly pluralistic student population. The analysis confirms the deepening realization that striving toward social justice is a messy, contradictory, and complicated pursuit, and that schools in both public and private sectors are allies in this pursuit.
Using a natural language and gesture interface for unmanned vehicles

Unmanned vehicles, such as mobile robots, must exhibit adjustable autonomy. They must be able to be self-sufficient when the situation warrants; however, as they interact with each other and with humans, they must exhibit an ability to dynamically adjust their independence or dependence as co-operative agents attempting to achieve some goal. This is what we mean by adjustable autonomy. We have been investigating various modes of communication that enhance a robot's capability to work interactively with other robots and with humans. Specifically, we have been investigating how natural language and gesture can provide a user- friendly interface to mobile robots. We have extended this initial work to include semantic and pragmatic procedures that allow humans and robots to act co-operatively, based on whether or not goals have been achieved by the various agents in the interaction. By processing commands that are either spoken or initiated by clicking buttons on a Personal Digital Assistant and by gesturing either naturally or symbolically, we are tracking the various goals of the interaction, the agent involved in the interaction, and whether or not the goal has been achieved. The various agents involved in achieving the goals are each aware of their own and others' goals and what goals have been stated or accomplished so that eventually any member of the group, be it robot or a human, if necessary, can interact with the other members to achieve the stated goals of a mission.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of nutrition in PCB-induced vascular inflammation

The nutritional profile of an individual can influence the toxicity of persistent environmental toxicants. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), prevalent environmental pollutants, are highly lipid-soluble toxic compounds that biomagnify through trophic levels and pose cancer, neurocognitive, and atherosclerotic risk to human populations. There is a growing body of knowledge that PCBs can initiate inflammatory responses in vivo, and this inflammation can be either exacerbated or ameliorated by nutrition. Data indicate that diets high in certain dietary lipids such as omega-6 fatty acids can worsen PCB-induced vascular toxicity while diets enriched with bioactive food components such as polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can improve the toxicant-induced inflammation. There is evidence that bioactive nutrients protect through multiple cell signaling pathways, but we have shown that lipid raft caveolae and the antioxidant defense controller nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) both play a predominant role in nutritional modulation of PCB-induced vascular toxicity. Interestingly, there appears to be an intimate cross-talk between caveolae-related proteins and cellular Nrf2, and focusing on the use of specific bioactive food components that simultaneously alter both pathways may produce a more effective and efficient cytoprotective response to toxicant exposure. The use of nutrition as a protective tool is an economically beneficial means to address the toxicity of persistent environmental toxicants and may become a sensible means to protect human populations from PCB-induced vascular inflammation and associated chronic diseases.
Examining data accuracy and authenticity with leading digit frequency analysis

This paper proposes and demonstrates that leading digit frequency analysis offers a potential framework to examine the accuracy and authenticity of data values in numerical data sets. Leading digit frequency analysis maintains that the frequencies of leading digits in an original and unmanipulated data set follow a predictable distribution as suggested by Benford’s law. The results of an experiment with random numbers revealed distinct differences between the observed leading digit distribution in the random numbers and the expected distribution as suggested by Benford’s law. This suggests that leading digit frequency analysis offers a useful procedure to evaluate data accuracy and authenticity and offers several useful managerial implications.
D2/D3 dopamine receptor binding with [F-18]fallypride in thalamus and cortex of patients with schizophrenia

Abstract Background Abnormalities in the dopaminergic system are implicated in schizophrenia. [F-18]fallypride is a highly selective, high affinity PET ligand well suited for measuring D2/D3 receptor availability in the extrastriatal regions of the brain including thalamus, prefrontal, cingulate, and temporal cortex, brain regions implicated in schizophrenia with other imaging modalities. Methods Resting [F-18]fallypride PET studies were acquired together with anatomical MRI for accurate coregistration and image analysis on 15 drug naive schizophrenics (10 men, 5 women, mean age 28.5 years) and 15 matched controls (9 men, 6 women, mean age 27.4 years). Dopamine D2/D3 receptor levels were measured as binding potential (BP). The fallypride BP images of each subject were spatially normalized and subsequently smoothed for group comparison. Measures of significance between the schizophrenic and control groups were determined using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The medial dorsal nucleus and pulvinar were also traced on coregistered MRI for detailed assessment of BP in these regions. Results The thalamus of patients with schizophrenia had lower [F-18]fallypride BP than normal controls and this was the brain area with the greatest difference (range − 8.5% to − 27.2%). Left medial dorsal nucleus and left pulvinar showed the greatest decreases (− 21.6% and − 27.2% respectively). The patients with schizophrenia also demonstrated D2/D3 BP reduction in the amygdala region, cingulate gyrus, and the temporal cortices. Conclusions These findings suggest that drug naive patients with schizophrenia have significant reductions in extrastratial D2/D3 receptor availability. The reductions were most prominent in regions of the thalamus, replicating other studies both with high affinity D2/D3 ligands and consistent with FDG-PET studies, further supporting the hypothesis of thalamic abnormalities in this patient population.
A Computer Implementation of the Separate Maintenance Model for Complex‐system Reliability

Reliability modeling and quantitative reliability prediction for all but the simplest system architectures demands intensive computer support for the numerical computations required. Many commercial and academic reliability modeling software packages provide support for the Markov-chain state diagram system reliability model. Other system reliability models, such as those offering non-exponential life and/or repair time distributions, transient analysis, or other special handling, may sometimes be desirable. Users have fewer choices for software supporting these options. This paper describes SUPER, a software package developed at Bell Laboratories, which provides computational support for the separate maintenance model as well as for some other useful system reliability descriptions. SUPER is an acronym for System Used for Prediction and Evaluation of Reliability. The paper also includes a brief tutorial to assist practitioners with system reliability model selection, a review of the models contained in SUPER and their theoretical bases, and implementation issues. SUPER has been used in the telecommunications industry for over 15 years. The paper includes an example from this experience. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PRE-MORBID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT v. POST-STROKE TRANSFUSION OR BMT IN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A DECISION-ANALYTIC APPROACH • 931

Stroke is the most feared complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Recent bone-marrow transplant (BMT) trials investigating the efficacy of BMT in SCD patients with co-morbid conditions preliminarily suggest BMT survival to be 90%. Upon completion, these trials will not determine the best management strategy for primary or secondary prevention of stroke.
Quantitative microfluidic biomolecular analysis for systems biology and medicine

In the postgenome era, biology and medicine are rapidly evolving towards quantitative and systems studies of complex biological systems. Emerging breakthroughs in microfluidic technologies and innovative applications are transforming systems biology by offering new capabilities to address the challenges in many areas, such as single-cell genomics, gene regulation networks, and pathology. In this review, we focus on recent progress in microfluidic technology from the perspective of its applications to promoting quantitative and systems biomolecular analysis in biology and medicine.
EXPLORING THE LIMITS OF THE TECHNOLOGY S-CURVE. PART II: ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

This is the second of two papers in which I use information from the technological history of the disk drive industry to examine the usefulness of the S-curve framework for managers at the firm level in planning for new technology development. In this article I show that it is in architectural, rather than component innovation, that entrant firms exhibit an attacker's advantage. A conventionally drawn sequence of intersecting S-curves is a misleading conceptualization of the substitution process for new architectural technologies, because it characterizes architectural innovations strictly in technical terms. Innovations in architectural technologies frequently redefine the functionality of products and address product performance needs in new or remote markets, rather than mainstream ones. Such innovations in architectural technologies entail market innovation as much as technology development, and it is in their ability to aggressively enter emerging or remote markets that entrant firms exhibit an attacker's advantage. I propose a different S-curve framework for processes of architectural technology change that comprehends both its technological and market aspects.
Interference-induced diversity loss in poisson SIMO networks

Interference in wireless systems is both temporally and spatially correlated. Yet very little research has analyzed the effect of such correlation. Here we focus on its impact on the diversity in Poisson networks with multi-antenna receivers. In most analyses of multi-antenna communication, the effect of interference is ignored, and when it is considered, interference is assumed independent. Here we show that interference correlation significantly reduces the probability of successful reception in SIMO links.
Reliability of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Abstract This study examines the test-retest reliability of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in ketamine-anesthetized common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). DPOAE gain functions were measured at 16 f2-frequencies between 3 and 24 kHz. Test-retest reliability was assessed at the following time intervals: (1) Interleaved, in which two gain functions were obtained at each frequency before advancing to the next frequency, (2) Immediate, wherein one gain function was collected at all f2-frequencies and the retest was immediately performed without removing the probe tip, (3) Short-term, in which the retest followed a 10-min period with the probe removed, and (4) Long-term, wherein the retest was performed at least one week after the initial test. Reliability was assessed using four correlation coefficients used in the literature. Test-retest reliability was best in the interleaved interval and worst in the short-term interval. In general, reliability was best when primary-tone levels were high. Correlation coefficients decreased at frequencies above 12-kHz in the short-term and long-term intervals, but the decrease was more substantial in females than in males in the long-term interval. At frequencies below 12 kHz, same-day measurements (2, 3) were less repeatable, regardless of whether the probe was removed, which may be due to time under anesthesia. These results have implications for DPOAE studies where repeated measures are required and when treatment or group differences are small.
Stream Interactions and Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections at 5.3 AU near the Solar Ecliptic Plane

We have performed a survey of the characteristics of two types of large spatial-scale solar-wind structures, stream interaction regions (SIRs), and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), near 5.3 AU, using solar-wind observations from Ulysses. Our study is confined to the three aphelion passes of Ulysses, and also within ± 10° of the solar ecliptic plane, covering a part of 1992, 1997 – 1998, and 2003 – 2005, representing three slices of different phases of the solar activity cycle. Overall, there are 54 SIRs and 60 ICMEs in the survey. Many are merged in hybrid events, suggesting that they have undergone multiple interactions prior to reaching Jovian orbit. About 91% of SIRs occur with shocks, with 47% of such shocks being forward – reverse shock pairs. The solar-wind velocity sometimes stays constant or even decreases within the interaction region near 5.3 AU, in contrast with the gradual velocity increase during SIRs at 1 AU. Shocks are driven by 58% of ICMEs, with 94% of them being forward shocks. Some ICMEs seem to have multiple small flux ropes with different scales and properties. We quantitatively compare various properties of SIRs and ICMEs at 5.3 AU, and study their statistical distributions and variations with solar activity. The width, maximum dynamic pressure, and peak perpendicular pressure of SIRs all become larger than ICMEs. Dynamic pressure (Pdyn) is expected to be important for Jovian magnetospheric activity. We have examined the distributions of Pdyn of SIRs, ICMEs, and general solar wind, but these cannot explain the observed bimodal distribution of the location of the Jovian magnetopause. By comparing the properties of SIRs and ICMEs at 0.72, 1, and 5.3 AU, we find that the ICME expansion slows down significantly between 1 and 5.3 AU. Some transient and small streams in the inner heliosphere have merged into a single interaction region.
Thermal contact conductance of metallic coated BiCaSrCuO superconductor/copper interfaces at cryogenic temperatures

The effects of vapor deposited coatings on the thermal contact conductance of cold pressed, normal state BiCaSrCuO superconductor/oxygen-free copper interfaces were experimentally investigated over a pressure range of 200 to 2,000 kPa. Using traditional vapor deposition processes, thin coatings of indium or lead were applied to the superconductor material to determine the effect on the heat transfer occurring at the interface. The test data indicate that the contact conductance can be enhanced using these coatings, with indium providing the greater enhancement. The experimental program revealed the need for a better understanding and control of the vapor deposition process when using soft metallic coatings. Also, the temperature-dependent microhardness of copper was experimentally determined and found to increase by approximately 35 percent as the temperature decreased from 300 to 85 K. An empirical model was developed to predict the effect of soft coatings on the thermal contact conductance of the superconductor/copper interfaces. When applied, the model agreed well with the data obtained in this investigation at low coating thicknesses but overpredicted the data as the thickness increased. In addition, the model agreed very well with data obtained in a previous investigation for silvercoated nickel substrates at all coating thicknesses.
Structural elucidation of the lipopolysaccharide core regions of the wild-type strain PAO1 and O-chain-deficient mutant strains AK1401 and AK1012 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 wild-type strain PAO1 and derived rough-type mutant strains AK1401 and AK1012 was isolated by a modified phenol/chloroform/petroleum-ether extraction method. Deoxycholate/PAGE of the LPS from the rough mutant AK1401 indicated two bands near the dye front with mobilities similar to those of the parent strain, indicating that both LPS contain a complete core and a species comprising a core and one repeating unit. Composition analysis of the LPS from strains PAO1 and AK1401 indicated that the complete core oligosaccharide was composed of D-glucose (four units), L-rhamnose (one unit), 2-amino-2-deoxy- D-galactose (one unit), Lglycero- D-manno-heptose (Hep; two units), 3-deoxy- D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo; two units), Lalanine (one unit) and phosphate (three units). The glycan structure of the LPS was determined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques in combination with MS-based methods on oligosaccharide samples obtained from the LPS by delipidation procedures. The locations of three phosphomonoester groups on the first heptose residue were established by a two-dimensional 31P (ω1)-half-filtered COSY experiment on the reduced core oligosaccharide sample of the LPS from the wild-type strain. The presence of a 7-O-carbamoyl substituent was observed on the second heptose. The structure of the core region of the O-chain-deficient LPS from P. aeruginosa serotype O5 is as follows : R2 CONH2P 3 7 6 R14)-α- D-GalpN-(13)- L-α- D-Hepp-(13)- L-α- D-Hepp-(15)-α- D-Kdop-(26)-lipid A 2 2 4 4 ↗↖L-Ala P P 2 α- D-Kdop where R1 is β- D-Glcp-(12)-α- L-Rhap-(16)-α- D-Glcp-(1 and R2 is α- D-Glcp-(16)-β- D-Glcp-(1. A structural model is presented that is also representative of that for P. aeruginosa serotype O6 LPS. A revised structure for the serotype O6 mutant strain A28 is presented.
Resume evaluations and cosmetics use: When more is not better

Physical appearance is an integral component of self-presentation in all social situations, including that of applying for a job. This project investigated the relationship between employment evaluations of women and one aspect of their appearance under the individual's control—the use of varying degrees of cosmetics. Cosmetics use was found to be positively correlated with perceived attractiveness, femininity, and sexiness. Based on resume evaluations, however, cosmetics use had a negative effect on the expected performance of female applicants for a gender-typed (secretary) position, but no effect on the expected performance of female applicants for a nongender-typed (accountant) position. Makeup thus appears to strengthen sex role stereotypes associated with traditionally feminine jobs.
Measurement of Thermal Neutron Flux

A new technique has been developed for the measurement of thermal neutron flux. Small glass beads (~ 1 mm radius) are made black to thermal neutrons by the inclusion of B10. In addition, a 1/v activation such as cobalt, dysprosium, or indium is incorporated in the glass to measure the fluence (nv?t). Following activation over a measured time interval, the absolute source strength of a Co bead is determined by ?-? coincidence. The flux is directly proportional to the source strength. The Dy and In beads are calibrated relative to a Co bead.
Dual sites of occurrence of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and their possible functional significance in avian tissues☆

1. Uropygial glands of domestic goose and mallard which synthesize methyl-branched fatty acids, contain large quantities of cytosolic malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and a small quantity of mitochondrial enzyme. 2. Uropygial glands of chicken and the liver of geese which generate little methyl-branched acids, contain only small quantities of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and in such cases the enzyme is in the mitochondria. 3. The mitochondrial decarboxylase from the uropygial gland and liver of goose is immunologically similar to the cytosolic decarboxylase of the uropygial gland. 4. The mitochondrial enzyme probably protects the mitochondrial enzymes which are susceptible to inhibition by malonyl-CoA, whereas the cytosolic enzyme promotes the synthesis of methyl-branched acids.
DISSONANCE AND INFORMATION IN EQUILIBRATION TO FORMAL OPERATIONS

Summary.-The effect of a dissonance procedure on equilibration to formal operations was examined by assessing 30 third-grade subjects on response level to a lever-balancing task after training on simple balance and proportional tasks. Typical Piagetian responses were used as indicators of stage level. Subjects who indicated conservation of volume and lack of formal operations for the lever-balance task were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (a) a dissonance procedure, (b) information only, and (c) no information. An immediate posctesr for generalization of learning and a delayed posttest for stabilization were administered. Subjects from all groups indicated advanced levels of response which remained through delayed postrests. It was concluded that interacrion of the subjects with the measuring instrument was sufficient ro facilitate equilibration which masked effect of the dissonance procedure. A more interactive dissonance procedure, elimination of the pretest on balance, and more information on the progression toward the proportionality schema at this age level are suggested. Developmental theorists, such as Piaget and Kohlberg, view cognitive development as taking place in hierarchical stages of invariant sequence and increasing complexity, and with individual variations as to duration and chronological age (Flavell, 1963). It is generally believed that many students, as well as many adults, never reach the stage of formal operations which would permit them actively to use abstract thinking and develop logical approaches to problem solving. The necessity for proportional and combinatorial logic, and of abstract thinking, for the understanding of scientific principles has prompted investigators to raise the question of how children may be assisted in their development of this kind of thinking (Sayre & Ball, 1975; Herron, 1976), and at what ages they might be expected to be receptive to various instructional approaches. In the use of a developmental concept of intelligence as a basis for curriculum development, the educational objective, as assumed by Kohlberg ( 1968), is not one of acceleration but of facilitation of the development of intelligence. The progression from one stage to the next, according to the developmental perspective of stages, is described as occurring by a process called equilibration (Piaget, 1967), which always moves the child to a higher, more complex level of thought, encompassing and going beyond the previous mental structures available to the child. In order for this process to take place, the child must perceive during assimilation that his mental structures are not adequately handling the task or that a dissonant position has arisen.
Dilation-analytic wave operators for three particles

Let H(0) be a dilation-analytic three-particle Schrodinger operator with analytic continuation H(ϕ) (ϕ>0). Let a be zero or the energy of a two-particle bound state. Let-Δ (a) be the Laplace operator representing the kinetic energy of the relative motion of fragments scattered in channel a. By recent results, wave operators W (±, a, ϕ) with conjugates W† (±, a, ϕ) exist such that W (±, a, ϕ) W† (±, a, ϕ) is a projection P (a, ϕ) commuting with H (ϕ) while [H (ϕ)-a]W (±, a, ϕ) equals-W(±, a, ϕ) Δ (a) e2iϕ. This paper shows that the wave operators transform dilation-analytic functions of particle coordinates into dilation-analytic functions. Specifically, if the left shoulder of the spectrum of P (a,ϕ) H (ϕ) does not sweep across eigenvalues of H(ϕ) when α≤ϕ≤β, then W(-, a, ϕ) and W† (+, a, ϕ) are dilation analytic in [α, β]. If the right shoulder does not sweep across eigenvalues, W(+, a, ϕ) and W†(-, a, ϕ) are dilation analytic in [α,β]. A semisimple eigenvalue of H (ψ) embedded in the spectrum of P (a, ψ) H (ψ) does not prevent the wave operators from being dilation analytic in an interval [α, β] with ψ as an interior point.
Peptide-modified surfaces for enzyme immobilization.

Background Chemistry and particularly enzymology at surfaces is a topic of rapidly growing interest, both in terms of its role in biological systems and its application in biocatalysis. Existing protein immobilization approaches, including noncovalent or covalent attachments to solid supports, have difficulties in controlling protein orientation, reducing nonspecific absorption and preventing protein denaturation. New strategies for enzyme immobilization are needed that allow the precise control over orientation and position and thereby provide optimized activity.
Body image evaluations in women smokers.

While body image has been found to be an important predictor for several health behaviors (abnormal dieting. weight regain, exercise), only one study to date has examined body image attitudes in women smokers (Australian sample) with results suggesting that women smokers feel less attractive than nonsmokers. The purpose of the present study was to compare body image in women smokers to normative samples of women. Subjects were 136 women (89.0% White, M age = 39.85, 74% employed. 52% married, body mass index [BMI] = 25.54) entering a randomized clinical smoking cessation trial. Subjects completed the Appearance Evaluation and Fitness Orientation subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire and the Silhouette Choosing Task. Pooled t-tests showed that subjects scored significantly lower on Appearance Evaluation (t = -6.58, p < .01) and Fitness Orientation (t = -5.55, p < .01) than the normative sample. For the silhouette choosing task, the present sample reported a significantly higher current silhouette (t = 2.29, p < .05) and dissatisfaction score (t = 4.04, p < .01) than the comparative sample. There were no significant differences on the ideal or attraction scores. Results suggest that women smokers may be more dissatisfied with their bodies than women in general. Possible implications include that smoking may adversely affect body image and/or body image concerns may negatively impact cessation attempts.
Effect of Noncellulosic Material on the Actinic Degradation of Cotton Fabric: Part IV: 5-Bromosalicylaldehyde, N-(n-Butyl)-5-Bromosalicylaldimine, Di-(5-Bromosalicylaldehyde) Ethylenediimine, and Their Copper Complexes

Cotton duck samples were treated with derivatives of salicylaldehyde or with copper complexes of these derivatives, and were exposed in a carbon-arc Weather-Ometer. The effectiveness of the treatments in reducing the rate of photo-induced depolymeriza tion of cotton cellulose has been related to (a) the volatility of the treating compounds and complexes, (b) the ability of the compounds to form intramolecular, six-member chelate rings; and (c) the absorption of the treating materials in the spectral region of most intense emmission from the carbon-arc light source. Comparison with oxine and copper oxinate has been made.
Neuropeptide Y functions as a physiologic regulator of cephalic phase acid secretion.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been established as a potent orexigenic peptide, and recent studies suggest that NPY stimulates cephalic phase secretion as well. However, it is not known whether NPY's effects are pharmacologic or physiologic. In order to determine the physiologic significance of NPY, we examined the effects of two putative NPY receptor antagonists, PYX-1 and PYX-2, on sham feeding and gastric acid secretion in dogs. Our results demonstrate that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of PYX-1 and PYX-2 at 1000 pmol/kg doses significantly suppresses the gastric acid response to sham feeding in dogs. The volumes sham fed were not significantly altered with i.c.v. administration of the antagonists. Peripheral administration did not affect acid secretion nor sham feeding volumes. Our data suggest that central administration of the novel NPY antagonists, PYX-1 and PYX-2, results in significant suppression of acid secretion in dogs. This supports our hypothesis that NPY functions as a physiologic modulator of cephalic phase acid secretion.
Integrating 21st century access to ERIC services and resources

This paper explores issues surrounding the development of the ERIC dataset as it enters the 21st Century. The central theme that runs throughout the analysis is the need for the dataset and the rich, growing array of Clearinghouse services to be integrated to provide a single end-user window into ERIC.