cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical experiments on feedback EMHD control of large scale coherent structures in channel turbulence

The current work focusses on the spatio-temporal evolution of large scale coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer of a plane channel both with and without microtile-based EMHD control. The heuristic concept behind the microtile designs that we have simulated apparently does not yield a successful drag reduction strategy (for the open-loop case [1]). In this work we investigate the flow response when the Lorentz force is applied with feedback conditioned on the advection of large-scale flow structures (e.g. hairpin vortices). We performed a long-time simulation conditioned on the passage of strong ejection events but obtained no reduction in skin friction. Based on short-time simulations we found that the near-wall flow structures undergo merely a spatial phase-shift when advecting above a single Lorentz force actuator: the structures are simply decelerated or accelerated with little change in their appearance, based on flow visualization. During this interaction of the applied Lorentz force with the flow, the Reynolds stress is unchanged.
BLoG: post-silicon bug localization in processors using bug localization graphs

Post-silicon bug localization -- the process of identifying the location of a detected hardware bug and the cycle(s) during which the bug produces error(s) -- is a major bottleneck for complex integrated circuits. Instruction Footprint Recording and Analysis (IFRA) is a promising post-silicon bug localization technique for complex processor cores. However, applying IFRA to new processor microarchitectures can be challenging due to the manual effort required to implement special microarchitecture-dependent analysis techniques for bug localization. This paper presents the Bug Localization Graph (BLoG) framework that enables application of IFRA to new processor microarchitectures with reduced manual effort. Results obtained from an industrial microarchitectural simulator modeling a state-of-the-art complex commercial microarchitecture (Intel Nehalem, the foundation for the Intel Core™ i7 and Core™ i5 processor families) demonstrate that BLoG-assisted IFRA enables effective and efficient post-silicon bug localization for complex processors with high bug localization accuracy at low cost.
On the Kolodner-Coffman method for the uniqueness problem of Emden-Fowler BVP

This paper surveys the Kolodner-Coffman method which has been applied very successfully by many authors to obtain uniqueness theorems for boundary value problems for differential equations of Emden-Fowler type. We recast some of the arguments in the language of Sturm's oscillation theory for linear second-order differential equations. The clarification provided by the new perspective enables us to improve several known results.
Courageous Reading Instruction: The Effects of an Elementary Motivation Intervention

ABSTRACT In an attempt to more clearly understand the erosion of engagement in some readers, a number of researchers (J. Brophy, 2008; J. Guthrie, 2010; K. Mohr, 2006) and organizations (Education Alliance, 2010) have called for the investigation of strategies to improve elementary reading motivation. Consequently this mixed-methods investigation focused on a motivation intervention for fifth-grade readers. Two constructs consistent with expectancy-value theory (J. Eccles, 1983), self-concept as a reader and value of reading, were examined. A pretest–posttest design was utilized following a motivation intervention arranged during participatory action research. The results suggest that a curricular considerate intervention comprised 3 practices had a significant impact on the reading motivation of 5th-grade students.
Ethical and management considerations in factitious illness: One and the same

The literature on factitious illness raises many ethical problems regarding diagnosis and treatment. The author briefly reviews ethical issues in factitious illness and argues for viewing these patients as autonomous citizens, capable of accepting responsibility for their behavior. Some factitiously ill patients psychologically resemble those with borderline personality disorder, and ethical implications are developed. In a case example, the author illustrates how good clinical management assists with the resolution or prevention of these ethical dilemmas.
Oligopolistic and competitive behavior of spatially separated markets

Abstract We examine the connection between Cournot oligopoly and perfect competition by showing that a fairly general oligopoly model with spatially separated markets generates a general spatial price equilibrium model as an extreme, limiting case. Our analysis depends crucially on the fact that the governing equilibrium conditions of both the oligopoly and the spatial price equilibrium problem can be formulated as variational inequalities.
Biological fractionation of oxygen and carbon isotopes by recent benthic foraminifera

Abstract Recent deep-sea benthic foraminifera from five East Pacific Rise box core tops have been analyzed for oxygen and carbon isotopic composition. The five equatorial stations, with water depths of between 3200 and 4600 m, yielded fourteen specific and generic taxonomic groups. Of the taxa analyzed, Uvigerina spp. most closely approaches oxygen isotopic equilibrium with ambient sea water. Pyrgo spp. was next closest to isotopic equilibrium, being on the average 0.59 ‰ depleted in 18 O relative to Uvigerina spp. Oridorsalis umbonatus also has relatively high δ 18 O values. Most other taxa were depleted in 18 O by large amounts. In no taxa was the carbon in the CaCO 3 secreted in carbon isotopic equilibrium with the dissolved HCO 3 − of ambient sea water.
Adatom capture and nuclei growth

Abstract Growth rate and time calculations for heterogeneous cap-shaped nuclei, including curvature effects, are presented. Surface diffusion is dominant until the nucleus size is comparable to the mean adatom diffusion distance. The nucleation exclusion zone around a growing nucleus is initially smaller than the adatom capture zone. The results are obtained in a form that is applicable to many experimental cases in which the impinging flux is known. Curvature effects and the critical nucleus size are unimportant when the supersaturation is greater than 100 and the attained nucleus size is greater than 10 times the critical.
Enzymatic deiodination of diiodotyrosine; possible mediation by reduced flavin nucleotide.

The deiodination of L-DIT in vitro by thyroid and liver tissue was studied. Supplements of FAD stimulated deiodination in dilute thyroid homogenates and subcellular particulate preparations enriched with NADPH. Sodium dithionite (0.05M) stimulated deiodination in the absence of NADPH and its effect was also enhanced by FAD. The products of deiodination were the same in NADPH and dithionite-supplemented systems in the presence of FAD. The stimulating effect of FAD under these conditions was detectable at micromolar concentration, was not dependent upon light or oxygen, and appeared to be enzymatically mediated. The distributions of deiodinating activity supported by NADPH and by dithionite among thyroid subcellular fractions were similar, both being predominantly microsomal; NADPHdependent activity appeared more sensitive to heat and aging. The stimulating effect of dithionitedithionite could not be explained on the basis of reduction of endogenous NADP with formation of effective concentration of NADPH si...
Easily testable nonrestoring and restoring gate-level cellular array dividers

The problem of design for testability of gate-level dividers is investigated using the single stuck-at fault model. Two C-testable designs are given for the nonrestoring array divider. The first design is C-testable with only eight vectors. The additional hardware required to obtain C-testability for an n*n nonrestoring array divider consists of n-1 two-input XOR gates and one control input. The second design does not require any extra circuitry or control inputs, and is C-testable with six vectors. In other words, the basic array structure itself is C-testable. Two easily testable designs for the restoring array divider are also presented. The first n*n array design is shown to be linearly testable with 2n+8 vectors. In the second design, a logic implementation that makes the design C-testable with only six vectors is used. The extra circuitry required for both designs consists of n XOR gates and one control input. >
Differentiating between reflex and spontaneous blinks using simultaneous recording of the orbicularis oculi electromyogram and the electro-oculogram in startle research

The present study documents the differences between reflex and spontaneous blinks by recording the vertical electro-oculogram (EOG) along with the orbicularis oculi electromyogram (OO-EMG). EOG and OO-EMG were applied without fixation of the head in 15 freely moving children during an auditory startle experiment. Results revealed that the easily-recorded EOG shows the same relationships between orbicularis oculi contraction and velocity of lid movement in startle blinks as the head-constraining methods, e.g. the magnetic search coil, used in previous studies. The OO-EMG onset occurred before the EOG onset in most reflex blinks while no such pattern occurred for spontaneous blinks. In comparison with spontaneous blinks, reflex blinks showed a shorter duration between onset and peak and between onset and offset in OO-EMG and EOG. In addition, reflex blinks showed greater OO-EMG activity and smaller EOG-recorded lid movements compared with spontaneous blinks. Simultaneous recording of OO-EMG and EOG can distinguish reflex from spontaneous blinks and lid saccades in populations, e.g. children, that cannot tolerate head restraint and in experiments permitting or requiring movement.
African Americans and gentrification in Washington, DC: race, class and social justice in the nation’s capital

African Americans and Gentrification in Washington, DC analyses the impact of gentrification on African Americans in the nation's capital. Prince uses theories of racism and neo-liberalism to exami...
The Gyro-Structure of the Complex Unit Disk

(2000). The Gyro-Structure of the Complex Unit Disk. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 273-284.
Effects of labetalol on uterine blood flow and cardiovascular hemodynamics in the hypertensive gravid baboon.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of labetalol on uterine blood flow and cardiovascular parameters in acutely instrumented, hypertensive gravid baboons. STUDY DESIGN: During the latter half of pregnancy six gravid baboons were acutely instrumented, with ultrasonic flow probes placed on ipsilateral, external iliac, and uterine arteries and a flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter in the pulmonary artery. After a stable arterial pressure baseline was obtained, norepinephrine was infused to increase mean arterial pressure by at least 20%. A 20-minute hypertensive steady state was obtained. Labetalol at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg was randomly infused, followed by a 2.0 mg/kg dose, each over 1 minute. A 20-minute recovery period followed every labetalol infusion, allowing the hypertensive steady state to reestablish. External iliac and uterine blood flow measurements were continuously recorded during the baseline and experimental trials. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary artery and capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, and cardiac output were obtained at 5, 10, and 15 minutes during each steady state and after each labetalol infusion. RESULTS: Labetalol at all dosages significantly reduced the mean arterial pressure and the systemic vascular resistance at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. External iliac blood flow was not consistently significantly reduced; however, uterine blood flow was significantly reduced after the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg labetalol dosages ( p CONCLUSION: Low-dose labetalol (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduces the pharmacologic hypertensive gravid baboon's mean arterial blood pressure without adversely affecting uterine blood flow.
“Sœur-des-Pauvres”: A Saint’s Legend à la Zola

This article focuses on one of Emile Zola’s short stories in the Contes a Ninon, “Sœur-des-Pauvres.” A first reading of the work reveals the structural similarities it shares with the traditional fairy tale. On closer examination, it becomes clear that Zola borrows rhetorical devices from a fairy tale subgenre, the Saint’s legend. In fact, the borrowings from popular Catholic belief underscore the theme of social justice that will become one of the hallmarks of the author’s later works. Consequently, “Sœur-des-Pauvres”—half conte de fEes, half conte a these,—may be seen as an Ebauche of sorts for Zola’s better-known works.
Ketorolac Tromethamine, a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug: Ability to Inhibit Post-radical Pelvic Surgery Adhesions in a Porcine Model

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of ketorolac tromethamine, a parenterally administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), to inhibit post-radical pelvic surgery adhesion formation (PRPSA). Twenty adult female hogs undergoing radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and resection of pelvic peritoneum were used. Animals were randomized to either ketorolac (4 mg/kg loading dose 45 min prior to skin incision, followed by 2 mg/kg 1M every 8 hr for nine doses) or no adjuvant therapy. Four weeks after surgery, repeat celiotomy was performed, and adhesions were quantified. Note was made of any bowel segments adherent to the pelvis. Adhesion scores for the ketorolac-treated animals ( n = 9, mean=0.92 ± 0.54, median=0.90) were significantly less than those for control animals ( n = 10, mean=6.73 ± 2.21, median=7.03, P = 0.0001). Similarly, significantly fewer treateed animals had small bowel loops adherent in the pelvis when compared to control animals (11% vs 90%, P = 0.001). Ketorolac is an effective inhibitor of PRPSA formation and limits small bowel adherence to the pelvis.
Nucleopores of the giant amoeba, Pelomyxa carolinensis.

As shown in tangential sections of Pelomyxa carolinensis nuclei, there are many pores, each with a surrounding annulus. Each annulus is composed of 8 subannuli or satellites, plus one to three central granules. Each satellite is an electron opaque mass (of much smaller opaque particulates) about 25 nm in diameter. The outer diameter of each annulus is about 115 nm while the inner, or pore diameter, is about 65 nm. The pores occur at distances averaging 185 nm from center to center. Frequently, delicate filaments connect adjacent satellites, and the central granule with the satellites. As seen in cross sections of the nucleus, nucleopores are formed by the fusion of the inner and outer nuclear envelope membranes. The pore appears as a gap, spanned by a delicate diaphragm anchored to the nuclear envelope where its two membranes are fused. Possible functions of the pore-annulus complexes are discussed.
Monoclonal antibodies to denatured ragweed pollen allergen Amb a I: characterization, specificity for the denatured allergen, and utilization for the isolation of immunogenic peptides of Amb a I.

Abstract The epitope structure of short ragweed allergen Amb a I (formerly antigen E or AgE) has been investigated by characterizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from mice immunized with Amb a I. The MAbs to Amb a I that we previously produced and characterized (HaAl, HaBl and HaCl) reacted with determinants which were conformationally dependent. Denaturation of Amb a I, which is a prerequisite for peptide isolation and hence epitope localization, destroyed these determinants. We report here the isolation of 15 MAbs produced against denatured Amb a I and present their reactivities with native Amb a I, denatured Amb a I, and peptide fragments of Amb a I. None of the 15 MAbs to denatured Amb a I bind to native Amb a I, as judged by their lack of binding to Amb a I in immune complex with HaAl and HaCl. All 15 MAbs reacted with the extensively reduced and alkylated form of denatured Amb a I and 14 of the 15 were shown by Western blotting techniques and ELISA to have activity against the isolated alpha chain or beta chains of Amb a I, but not both. In addition, several MAbs react with tryptic fragments of Amb a I which allowed us to isolate and sequence two tryptic peptides of Amb a I. Antisera raised against KLH-coupled synthetic analogs of these peptides reacted well with intact, denatured Amb a I. Finally, during Chromatographie purification of Amb a I from fresh pollen extracts, various MAbs began to react with Amb a I as a function of stage of isolation, suggesting that some proportion of Amb a I spontaneously denatures during purification, converting from the allergenic form possessing two major B cell epitopes to an allergenically inactive form.
PCR analysis of DNA from 70-year-old sections of rodless retina demonstrates identity with the mouse rd defect

Abstract Rodless retina (gene symbol, r) was discovered in mice by Keeler 70 years ago and was first described in this journal as an autosomal recessive mutation leading to "the absence of the visual cells (rods), the external nuclear layer, and the external molecular layer" [Keeler, C. E. (1924) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10, 329-333]. The mutation was studied by Keeler and others in the United States and Europe over the next decade, but Keeler's stock was destroyed in 1939, and mice definitively related to his by pedigree and progeny tests also appeared to have been lost by the end of World War II. In the early 1950s Bruckner in Basel recognized mice with a similar retinal phenotype. Investigators in London and Strasbourg analyzed descendants of Bruckner's mice and concluded, on the basis of different pathogenesis from r, that they carried a new mutation, which came later to be called retinal degeneration, rd. The relationship of r and rd has been unsettled ever since. Now that the rd phenotype is known to be due to a nonsense mutation in the rod photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene, we hoped to settle the question by direct analysis of r DNA. DNA was liberated from 70-year-old histological sections of +/r and r/r eyes, the only extant r DNA, and the regions encompassing the nonsense mutation amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed the presence of the same nonsense mutation and two intron polymorphisms in r DNA. PCR and direct sequence analysis of 11 strains of mice known to carry rd (or a similar allele) also revealed the presence of the nonsense mutation and the same intron polymorphisms. The fact that all r and rd mice contain an identical defect and intron polymorphisms in the phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene settles beyond reasonable doubt that a single mutation arising > 70 years ago is now widely distributed through inbred mouse strains. Because of the extensive use of the name in publications of the past 40 years, we propose that the gene continue to be designated retinal degeneration, rd.
Pharmaceuticals that cause mammary gland tumors in animals: findings in women

Risk of breast cancer in women was assessed for eight pharmaceuticals that produce mammary tumors in experimental animals, using nested case-control analyses in two cohorts with prescription records in a comprehensive medical care program. The two cohorts were: (1) earlier cohort: 78,118 female members who received prescriptions in 1969-1973, of whom 2,467 developed breast cancer, and (2) later cohort: 3,289,408 female members who received prescriptions in 1994-2006 of whom 24,528 developed breast cancer. Longest follow-up was until June 30, 2006. Ten randomly selected concurrent control women were age-matched to almost every case. Relative risks were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Case ascertainment was lagged by 2 years, or unlagged and subdivided by number of prescriptions received. Some analyses were controlled for hormone use and sensitivity analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of uncontrolled confounding. In the later cohort furosemide, and metronidazole showed statistically significant but very small increases in relative risk (ranging from 1.07 to 1.13). Of these, only furosemide showed increased risk in the earlier cohort: 2-year lag relative risk 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.23-2.24) or as low as 0.97, assuming uncontrolled positive confounding. Griseofulvin showed significant increases in the later cohort: relative risk for three or more prescriptions 1.48 (1.08-2.03) or as low as 1.23 assuming uncontrolled positive confounding and non-significant increases were noted in the earlier cohort. Our findings are limited by their inconsistency across the two cohorts and our inability to directly control for most established breast cancer risk factors. Although inconclusive, our findings suggest a need for more research on furosemide and griseofulvin.
Critical Issues in the Industrial Application of SPF-Process Modeling and Design Practices

With the continued use of superplastic forming (SPF) process in the manufacture of various aerospace and automotive components, there is an imminent need to accurately predict the process parameters for complex 3-D configurations. New SPF products are finding their way into architectural, rail, heavy industry, biomedical, sports and textile sectors apart from the traditional aero- and auto-industries. High fidelity process models in combination with other concurrent design tools (CAD, stress analysis, cost analysis) should be able to provide the platform necessary for the wider use of superplastic (SP) products across a range of industries. The objective of this paper is to first introduce the various industrial applications of SPF products and the design bottlenecks hindering their wider use. Practical considerations in the development of appropriate material constitutive models for superplastic materials and their relevance to numerical simulations are then discussed. Three different models including a micromechanics based model are used to describe the constitutive behavior of a a selected SP material (Aluminum 5083). The performance of the models are then compared with respect to experimental results. The effect of the actual material parameters on the simulated results, and hence the design are outlined. Some of the commercial and other finite element codes used in SPF process modeling are enumerated, and the features of each of the codes with respect to the type of elements, contact/friction algorithms, and pressure-prediction schemes are compared. In closing, other practical considerations in the manufacture of SPF products, e.g., die materials, optimal SPF/DB design, alpha-casing, product thickness control are also discussed.
Energy dependence of color transparency.

A quantum-mechanical approach is used to study high-momentum-transfer reactions in which a nucleon is knocked out of a target nucleus. It is found that the nuclear interactions of the wave packet produced in such a hard interaction may cancel, so that the nuclear medium is transparent. Expressions for the effective wave-packet--nucleon interaction and the corresponding distorted waves are presented. An analysis of existing ({ital p},{ital pp}) data at beam momenta from about 5 to 12 GeV/{ital c} suggests that only the nucleon and Roper resonance components of the wave packet contribute to the scattering amplitude. The ({ital p},{ital pp}) data and our theory imply that color-transparency effects in the ({ital e},{ital e}{prime}{ital p}) reaction may be significant at relatively low-momentum transfers of {ital Q}{sup 2}{approx}3--6 GeV{sup 2}.
Motor impairment in normal aging, clinically possible Parkinson's disease, and clinically probable Parkinson's disease: longitudinal evaluation of a cohort of prospective brain donors

This study presents data on the antemortem evaluations of a cohort of individuals registered in a brain donation program. Clinical evaluation determined that many individuals were unaware they had clinical signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) (rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity). Quantitative motor testing (timed tapping test and Purdue pegboard test) revealed a graded reduction in performance in those clinically found to have clinically possible and clinically probable PD. Longitudinal examinations over 4 years revealed some individuals progressed from control to clinically possible PD and clinically possible PD to clinically probable PD. This study underscores the importance of longitudinal antemortem testing of prospective brain donors as well as the potential value of quantitative motor testing.
From Biloxi to Cape Town: Curricular Integration of Service Learning

Team Reach Out started as a student-initiated service-learning project with the goal of providing on-going assistance to the victims of Hurricane Katrina. Four years after Hurricane Katrina, Team Reach Out refocused efforts to Cape Town, South Africa, where 4 senior nursing students and 1 science student integrated their leadership skills with the application of public health knowledge, compassion, and concern to work in partnership with several international health agencies. This article reviews the service-learning framework, course planning, and implementation of a recent service-learning project.
Realization of a measurement of a ‘‘weak value’’

We present the first realization of a measurement of a ``weak value,'' a concept recently introduced by Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman (AAV). Our experiment uses a birefringent crystal to separate the two linear-polarization components of a laser beam by a distance small compared to the laser-beam waist. This ``weak measurement'' is followed by a strong measurement which translates the centroid of the beam by a distance far larger than the birefringence-induced separation. In addition, we present data corresponding to orthogonal initial and final states, for which the weak value is not defined. This interference effect may have application in the amplification and detection of weak effects.
Chronic toxicity of copper to a partial life cycle of the midge,Chironomus decorus

The development and hatchability ofChironomus decorus eggs were not affected by 0.1 to 5 mg/L of copper in water. The embryos developed normally and hatched at about the same time (after 55 hr of incubation). All larvae survived the duration of the test (72 hr) except those subjected to 5 mg/L of copper in water, which died after only partial emergence from the egg shell. Apparently, eggs were protected by their shell from copper. Growth ofC. decorus larvae was reduced significantly when they were reared in copper-spiked food-substrate (bound copper) from the age 1 to 15 days old (900–4,500 mg/kg of copper). The substrate copper concentration at which larval growth was reduced to 50% (EC50) was 1,602 mg/kg. Substrate copper caused deformities in the epipharyngeal plate of larval mouthparts and copper concentration higher than 1,800 mg/kg delayed adult emergence. The copper concentration in pupal exuviae and adults were positively correlated to copper concentration in the substrate in which they had been reared as larvae. Larval stage appeared to be the most sensitive to copper toxicity, while eggs were the least sensitive. Larval growth was the best indicator in detecting copper pollution, since it could detect copper at relatively low concentrations. The time to adult emergence was not considered a very good indicator, while larval deformities offered a quick tool to evaluate copper pollution.
Application-based early performance evaluation of SGI altix 4700 systems for SGI systems

The suitability of the next generation of high performance computing systems for petascale simulations will depend on a balance between various factors such as processor performance, memory performance, local and global network performance, and Input/Output (I/O) performance. As the supercomputing industry develops new technologies for these subsystems, achieving system balance becomes challenging. In this paper we evaluate the performance of newly introduced dual-core based SGI Altix 4700 systems (both Bandwidth and Density models) and we compare their performance with that of a single-core based SGI Altix 3700 Bx2 system. The SGI Altix 4700 Density system installed in October 2007 at NASA Ames Research Center is the largest 2048-processor single system image (SSI) system in the world. We used the High Performance Computing Challenge (HPCC) benchmark, NAS Parallel benchmarks (NPB) and five real-world applications, three from computational fluid dynamics, one from climate modeling and one from nanotechnology. Our study shows that the SGI Altix 4700 Bandwidth system performs slightly better and SGI Altix 4700 Density system performs slightly worse than the SGI Altix 3700 Bx2 up to 128 processors, while the performance of the systems is almost the same beyond 128 processors, when the communication time dominates the compute time.
Male circumcision and HIV infection risk

Background Male circumcision is being promoted to reduce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection rates. This review evaluates the scientific evidence suggesting that male circumcision reduces HIV infection risk in high-risk heterosexual populations.
Measuring market power in multi-product oligopolies: the US meat industry

This paper develops and estimates an economic model for measuring market power in a quantity-setting oligopoly engaged in the joint production of demand-related goods. The model, which allows for firms' conjectures about both same and cross-market responses to own output variation, is applied to the US meat (beef and pork) industry. He hypothesis that the industry's equilibrium reflects price taking behaviour is rejected. The hypothesis of no cross effects cannot be rejected. Roughly, half of the farm-to-retail price spreads for beef and pork appear to be attributable to market power.
Environmental proactivity of hotel operations: Antecedents and the moderating effect of ownership type

Abstract This study examines the relative importance of three influential factors (stakeholder pressure, economic opportunities, and top managers’ personal environmental concern) in shaping managerial attitudes toward adoption of green programs in the hotel industry. The results, based on a sample of 235 top managers of hotels affiliated with three U.S. state hotel associations, suggest that stakeholder pressure is the most dominant predictor of managerial attitudes toward adoption of green programs followed by economic benefits and top managers’ personal environmental concern. In addition, the relationship between managerial attitudes toward adoption of environmental programs and organizational environmental commitment is found to be moderated by the ownership style. The relationship is stronger for independent hotels than for chain-affiliated hotels, indicating a more significant role of managerial discretion in implementing environmental strategies at the independent hotel setting than the chain hotel setting.
The War in Iraq and the Academic Study of Religion

We can gain valuable new perspectives on the Bush administration's policies in Iraq and the domestic response to them by applying the historical and analytical-descriptive methods of academic religious studies. The article analyzes the work that has already been done along these lines, placing it in the context of broader studies of American religion and culture that cast the U.S. role in the Iraq war in a new light. These works provide a model of scholarship as good citizenship, helping American society understand itself better in a time of war, stimulating the kind of thoughtful debate that is the lifeblood of democracy.
A Bond Failure Mechanism

Intermittent continuity failures of P-DIP parts were found to be the result of wire bond failures induced by stresses associated with the assembly process. The bond failures were characterized by cracking of the underlying pad structure. It was found that silicon nodule precipitates from the aluminum metallization in the pad acted as points of high stress during the bonding of gold to the pad regions. By altering the bonding parameters and the underlying pad structure, failure of the bonds could be prevented.
Two new oximate-bridged square-planar dinuclear nickel(II) complexes

The synthesis and characterization of two new dinuclear nickel(II) complexes, namely bis­{μ-3-[2-(dimethyl­amino)­ethyl­imino]butan-2-one oximato}dinickel(II) bis­(perchlorate) acetonitrile solvate, [Ni2(C8H16N3O)2](ClO4)2·CH3CN, (I), and bis­{μ-3-[2-(dimethyl­amino)ethyl­imino]-3-phenyl­propan-2-one oximato}dinickel(II) bis­(perchlorate), [Ni2(C13H18N3O)2](ClO4)2, (II), are reported. Single-crystal X-ray analyses of the complexes reveal that the nickel(II) ions are in square-planar N3O environments and form six-membered (NiNO)2 metallacycles. The cation in (II) possesses crystallographically imposed inversion symmetry.
Preparation and characterization of ZnTe as an interlayer for CdS/CdTe substrate thin film solar cells on flexible substrates

Abstract ZnTe thin films have been prepared on Mo-coated stainless steel substrates by the close spaced sublimation (CSS) technique. Cu-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu) films are prepared by immersing the as-deposited samples in a CuCl–H2O solution. The structural and morphological properties of the ZnTe films as a function of substrate temperature are investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. CdS/CdTe solar cells with and without the ZnTe and ZnTe:Cu interlayers are prepared and characterized with current–voltage (J–V), spectral response, and capacitance–voltage measurements. The structural and morphological properties of the ZnTe films prepared by CSS are found to be strongly influenced by the substrate temperature. The ‘roll-over’ behavior in the J–V characteristics of the CdS/CdTe solar cells due to a Schottky barrier at the back contact can be eliminated using ZnTe as the interlayer. Preliminary results on the application of ZnTe:Cu films suggest that the open circuit voltage and fill factor can be further improved, depending on processing conditions.
Alkyl ferulates in wound healing potato tubers.

Abstract Seven ferulic acid esters of 1-alkanols ranging in carbon length from C 16 to C 21 were synthesized and an HPLC protocol for their separation developed. Extracts prepared from wound healing potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tubers and analysed by HPLC indicated that alkyl ferulate esters begin to accumulate 3–7 days after wound treatment. Of the nine esters identified by EIMS, (including two esters of odd chain length alkanols) hexadecyl and octadecyl ferulates were predominant. Alkyl ferulate esters were restricted to the wound periderm.
A LINEAR DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK MODEL FOR PREPYRIFORM CORTEX.

Abstract A mathematical description is developed for the oscillatory prepyriform evoked potential, which is based on the concept of recurrent inhibition in a large pool of cortical neurons. A basic single-loop transfer function is presented in serial fashion, with stepwise exclusion of nonlinearities so that the over-all function can be represented in terms of Laplace transforms. Transcendental terms are eliminated where possible, and those remaining are treated by rational approximations. Estimates of parameters in the forward channel of the loop are based on measurements of a putative open-loop response obtained from cats under heavy pentobarbital anesthesia. Parameters in the feedback channel are then estimated from measurements of the phase, frequency, and decay rate of a typical prepyriform averaged evoked potential from a cat in the waking state. The model is presented in its simplest form as a linear time-invariant system based on essential characteristics of single neurons and their dominant interconnections. It is proposed as a basic schematic that can be further developed to make its predicted output compatible with the patterns of gross electrical activity recorded from this cortex.
OpenGL application live migration with GPU acceleration in personal cloud

Live migration of virtual machine (VM) across physical machines with limited downtime provides many new benefits for users having multiple devices within a personal cloud such as resource sharing and composition. Meanwhile, there are many graphics acceleration solutions within virtual machine which could improve 3D performance for Guest OS, such as VMGL (VMM-independent GPU acceleration), Virtual Box, and so on. However, these solutions cannot support 3D application live migration with physical GPU acceleration, because of the lack of OpenGL context in the target machine. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a novel solution that enables OpenGL application live migration with host physical GPU acceleration.
Dual-atomic-beam matter-wave gyroscope

We report improvements to our atom-interferometer based Sagnac gyroscope which uses stimulated Raman transitions to manipulate atomic wavepackets of cesium atoms. Using counter-propagating high-flux atomic beams, we form two interferometers with opposite Sagnac phase shifts that share key components such as Raman atomic state manipulation beams. Subtracting the two interferometer signals allows the common-mode rejection of spurious noise sources and various systematic effects. Preliminary results indicate a short term sensitivity of 3 X 10-9 (rad/s) (root) Hz.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A family of multivariate binary distributions for simulating correlated binary variables with specified marginal means and correlations

SUMMARY We introduce a family of multivariate binary distributions with certain conditional linear property. This family is particularly useful for efficient and easy simulation of correlated binary variables with a given marginal mean vector and correlation matrix.
Decay angular distributions of pπ− states formed in diffraction dissociation of neutrons on carbon☆

We present decay angular distributions of the pTr-system formed from the interactions of 25 -30 GeV/c neutrons on a carbon target. The data are studied as a function of t', which allows a partial separation of coherent and incoherent events. It is found that the coherent production goes substantially into pTr- states with J ~> 3 and is consistent with pure J = 3. We are not able to draw an5' firm conclusions about the question of helicity conservation from the data. There is no evidence for coherent production of the known 1 I = ~- resonances. Comparison is made of the data with predictions of the Drell-Hiida-Deck and double Regge models. In their present form these models do not appear to give satis- factory descriptions of the data.
Differential actions of progesterone and cortisol on lymphocyte and monocyte interaction during lymphocyte activation — relevance to immunosuppression in pregnancy

Abstract Progesterone and glucocorticoids share important anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Both hormones have potent anti-proliferative effects in MLR, mitogen activation and cytotoxic T-cell generation. We investigated the cellular target of this in vitro anti-proliferative activity by comparing the effects of progesterone and cortisol on lymphocyte-monocyte interaction in concanavalin (Con A) induced human T-cell activation. Three different in vitro systems for assessing monocyte dependent T-cell activation by Con A were used: (1) limiting concentration of monocyte, (2) preincubation of isolated populations of monocytes and T cells with steroids and (3) role of steroid on action of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Monocytes separated from human peripheral blood leukocytes by flotation gradients and adherence to plastic were cultured at concentrations of 0.5–10% with constant numbers of isolated autologous T cells. Inhibition of Con A activation in cortisol (0.1–10 μg/ml) treated cultures was inversely proportional to percent monocytes, whereas in progesterone (2.0–20 μg/ml) treated cultures, inhibition was independent of monocyte concentration. Separated monocytes preincubated with progesterone and cultured with fresh T cells supported normal (108 ± 7% control) levels of activation, but progesterone treated T cells and fresh monocytes responded at about 60% control levels. Similar experiments with cortisol (1 or 10 μg/ml) revealed significantly reduced responses when either cell population was preincubated with steroid. IL-1 induced by LPS stimulation of monocytes was blocked in its ability to stimulate Con A induced T cell proliferation with either steroid present during the assay of IL-1. These data provide additional support for local immunosuppression by steroids in the placenta during pregnancy. They suggest that progesterone selectively blocks T cell activation by a direct effect on T cells, whereas cortisol interferes with both monocytes and T cells.
Adiabatic elastic constants of uranium monocarbide

Abstract Using the phase-comparison technique, the room temperature adiabatic elastic constants of UC single crystals grown by the radio-frequency, induction heated floating-zone technique have been measured as a function of carbon composition (4.52–4.96 wt% C). The temperature dependence of the moduli was measured from 80 to 900 °K in a hypostoichiometric sample. There is a systematic increase of c44 with increasing carbon concentration. The elastic-moduli values are compared with published values for some alkali halides and refractory metal monocarbides. An increase in temperature results in a linear decrease in c11 and c, but c44 increases with temperature to a maximum at 80°C. The temperature coefficients of the moduli at T ⪢ 80 °C are comparable to those observed in the alkali halides. These results indicate that the ionic crystal character of the interatomic bonds increases with temperature and that the carbon concentration in the UC phase can deviate from stoichiometric composition.
Antifungal Diterpene Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Agelas citrina: Unified Configurational Assignments of Agelasidines and Agelasines†

Three new diterpene alkaloids – the hypotaurocyamines, (−)-agelasidines E and F (5–6), and the adeninium salt, agelasine N (9) – were isolated from the Caribbean sponge Agelas citrina along with six known natural products agelasines B–E (7, 10–12), 2-oxo-agelasine B (8), and (−)-agelasidine C (3). The chemical structures of 5, 6 and 9 were elucidated by analysis of NMR spectra and mass spectrometry. This represents the first report of natural products from the sponge A. citrina. Unified assignment of absolute configurations of the new compounds and known compounds were achieved by chemical correlation, quantitative measurements of molar rotations, and comparative analysis by van’t Hoff’s principle of optical superposition. (−)-Agelasidine C (3) exhibited potent antifungal and modest cytotoxic activity against human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells.
XAFS Characterization of Highly Active Alumina-Supported Molybdenum Phosphide Catalysts (MoP/Al2O3) for Hydrotreating

Alumina-supported molybdenum phosphide (MoP/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared by temperature-programmed reduction of supported phosphate precursors in H2 at 0.083 K s-1 to 1123 K. The catalysts had excellent activity in the simultaneous hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of quinoline and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene at realistic conditions [P = 3.1 MPa (450 psig) and T = 643 K (370 °C)]. The catalysts surpassed the performance of a sulfided commercial Ni−Mo−S/Al2O3 catalyst in both HDN and HDS. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis of the supported samples indicated the presence of dispersed species retaining metallic bonding with a characteristic Mo−P distance of 0.243 nm but showing considerable attenuation in Mo−Mo linkages.
The partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde : role of different crystal planes of MoO3

Abstract Partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde was studied over MoO3 samples which exposed different relative amounts of basal (010) and side (100) plane area. Characterization studies included X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, in situ laser Raman spectroscopy combined with isotopic labeling, scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional imaging technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET surface area measurement, and temperature-programmed reduction. These characterization results were used in conjunction with steady-state reaction studies using methane, formaldehyde, CO, and methanol as the feed over molybdenum trioxide samples to investigate the catalytic anisotropy previously observed over these catalysts for other reaction systems. These studies suggested that the MoO sites located on the side plane could be promoting the formation of formaldehyde, while the bridging oxygen sites located on the basal planes were more likely to lead to complete oxidation.
In praise of petroleum

A mong other difficulties,[*][1] the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (Rio+10) struggled with defining “sustainability.” Typical of efforts to make concrete this slippery concept was a preparatory paper addressing one of the most pressing issues in human development: how to bring modern energy services to the one-third of humanity whose development and survival requirements suffer from the lack of them.† These 2 billion people have little access to electricity and depend for cooking and heating on local biomass in the form of wood, crop residues, and dung. In common with other such analyses, the premise of this paper was that, for the poor as for everyone else, only renewable energy sources qualify as sustainable. After all, fossil fuels are in principle limited, and the fossil carbon they contain is a threat when released. Nevertheless, there are questionable assumptions behind the premise that fossil fuels are unsustainable for the rural poor: Does it make sense to ask the poor to take on novel devices and fuels that have never been tried elsewhere, because otherwise we may add a bit to GHG emissions or shorten the petroleum era by a few weeks? Shouldn't it be those that produce the most GHG and have the resources and technology to do something about it who shoulder the burden of testing and using new low-GHG high-efficiency technologies? To illustrate, efficiency increases in the world automobile fleet of just 0.5% per year (5.1% over 10 years, which is not much more than 1 mile per gallon) would free up annually sufficient fuel energy for the cooking needs of all 2 billion people well before the year of the next Earth Summit (Rio+20). If continued, by Rio+30, a 10-year household fuel reserve could also be put aside for these people. Put another way, no matter how the rural poor do their cooking, the GHG production and petroleum demand battles that count will be fought in Detroit, Yokohama, and Stuttgart (as well as Shanghai, Sao Paulo, and Mumbai). What possible better use for high-efficiency clean-burning fossil fuels such as LPG than providing high-quality energy services for poor households? There remain serious cost constraints and implications for local employment, of course, but there are no realistic resource or greenhouse constraints to keep us from targeting the needs of the poorest with LPG in places where renewable technologies are not yet appropriate or sustainable. In addition, there are clear health benefits of doing so. The World Health Organization (WHO), for example, has recently estimated that some 1.6 million premature deaths each year come from the use of solid fuels (biomass and coal) in poor households.‡ Rather than excluding petroleum, some of this one-time gift from nature ought actually to be reserved to help fulfill our obligation to bring the health and welfare of all people to a reasonable level: an essential goal of sustainable development, no matter how defined. [1]: #fn-1