cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REST-VP16 activates multiple neuronal differentiation genes in human NT2 cells

The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST)/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) can repress transcription of a battery of neuronal differentiation genes in non-neuronal cells by binding to a specific consensus DNA sequence present in their regulatory regions. However, REST/NRSF(-/-) mice suggest that the absence of REST/NRSF-dependent repression alone is not sufficient for the expression of these neuronal differentiation genes and that the presence of other promoter/enhancer-specific activators is required. Here we describe the construction of a recombinant transcription factor, REST-VP16, by replacing repressor domains of REST/NRSF with the activation domain of a viral activator VP16. In transient transfection experiments, REST-VP16 was found to operate through RE1 binding site/neuron-restrictive enhancer element (RE1/NRSE), activate plasmid-encoded neuronal promoters in various mammalian cell types and activate cellular REST/NRSF target genes, even in the absence of factors that are otherwise required to activate such genes. Efficient expression of REST-VP16 through adenoviral vectors in NT2 cells, which resemble human committed neuronal progenitor cells, was found to cause activation of multiple neuronal genes that are characteristic markers for neuronal differentiation. Thus, REST-VP16 could be used as a unique tool to study neuronal differentiation pathways and neuronal diseases that arise due to the deregulation of this process.
The seizure Locus Encodes the Drosophila Homolog of the HERG Potassium Channel

Mutations in the seizure (sei) locus cause temperature-induced hyperactivity, followed by paralysis. Gene cloning studies have established that the seizure gene product is the Drosophila homolog of HERG, a member of the eag family of K+ channels implicated in one form of hereditary long QT syndrome in humans. A series of five null alleles with premature stop codons are all recessive, but viable. A missense mutation in the sei gene, which changes the charge at a conserved glutamate residue near the outer mouth of the pore, has a semidominant phenotype, suggesting that the mutant seizure protein acts as a poison in a multimeric complex. Transformation rescue of a null allele with a cDNA under the control of an inducible promoter demonstrates that induced expression of seizure potassium channels in adults rescues the paralytic phenotype. This rescue decays with a t1/2 of approximately 1-1.5 d after gene induction is discontinued, providing the first estimate of ion channel stability in an intact, multicellular animal.
Small-signal Discrete-time Modeling of Digitally Controlled DC-DC Converters

The paper presents an exact small-signal discrete-time model for digitally controlled DC-DC converters. The model, which is based on well-known approaches to discrete-time modeling and the standard Z-transform, takes into account modulator effects and delays in the control loop. The model is well suited for direct digital design of digital compensators
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Albedo Change on Drought in Semi-Arid Regions.

Numerical simulation studies of the effects of changes in albedo on rainfall involve comparisons of semiarid areas, lying at the boundary between a major desert and an adjacent monsoonal region, with areas of the same size located within the monsoonal region itself. The sensitivity of the rainfall to the ground hydrology was determined by performing the albedo simulations with two different evapotranspiration parameterizations, one giving too high evaporation over land and the other giving negligible evaporation over land. The evaporation rate is, in general, found to have as important an effect as changes in albedo. The mechanism by which an increase of albedo reduces the rainfall during conditions of high evaporation is considered.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition and Head and Neck Cancer Recurrence and Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis

The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy on the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) recurrence or HNC-attributable death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA patients with HNC were assembled from the US national Veterans’ Affairs (VA) administrative databases, and diagnoses confirmed and data collected by electronic medical record review. The cohort was divided into those treated with non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (nbDMARDs) versus TNF inhibitors (TNFi) after a diagnosis of HNC. Likelihood of a composite endpoint of recurrence or HNC-attributable death was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression. Of 180 patients with RA and HNC, 31 were treated with TNFi and 149 with nbDMARDs after the diagnosis of HNC. Recurrence or HNC-attributable death occurred in 5/31 (16.1%) patients in the TNFi group and 44/149 (29.5%) patients in the nbDMARD group (p = 0.17); it occurred in 2/16 (13%) patients who received TNFi in the year prior to HNC diagnosis but not after. Overall stage at diagnosis (p = 0.03) and stage 4 HNC (HR 2.49 [CI 1.06–5.89]; p = 0.04) were risk factors for recurrence or HNC-attributable death; treatment with radiation or surgery was associated with a lower risk (HR 0.35 [CI 0.17–0.74]; p = 0.01 and HR 0.39 [CI 0.20–0.76]; p = 0.01 respectively). Treatment with TNFi was not a risk factor for recurrence or HNC-attributable death (HR 0.75; CI 0.31–1.85; p = 0.54). We conclude that treatment with TNFi may be safe in patients with RA and HNC, especially as the time interval between HNC treatment and non-recurrence increases. In this study, TNF inhibition was not associated with an increase in recurrence or HNC-attributable death.
Factors Associated with Opioid Use in a Cohort of Patients Presenting for Surgery.

Objectives. Patients taking opioids prior to surgery experience prolonged postoperative opioid use, worse clinical outcomes, increased pain, and more postoperative complications. We aimed to compare preoperative opioid users to their opioid naive counterparts to identify differences in baseline characteristics. Methods. 107 patients presenting for thoracotomy, total knee replacement, total hip replacement, radical mastectomy, and lumpectomy were investigated in a cross-sectional study to characterize the associations between measures of pain, substance use, abuse, addiction, sleep, and psychological measures (depressive symptoms, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, somatic fear and anxiety, and fear of pain) with opioid use. Results. Every 9-point increase in the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) score was associated with 2.37 (95% CI 1.29-4.32) increased odds of preoperative opioid use (p = 0.0005). The SOAPP-R score was also associated with 3.02 (95% CI 1.36-6.70) increased odds of illicit preoperative opioid use (p = 0.007). Also, every 4-point increase in baseline pain at the future surgical site was associated with 2.85 (95% CI 1.12-7.27) increased odds of legitimate preoperative opioid use (p = 0.03). Discussion. Patients presenting with preoperative opioid use have higher SOAPP-R scores potentially indicating an increased risk for opioid misuse after surgery. In addition, legitimate preoperative opioid use is associated with preexisting pain.
Influences on Ratings of Risk for Consumer Products

Previous studies have suggested many persons do not know the meanings of many terms commonly used as stand alone descriptions of hazards. Studies (Leonard & Digby, 1992; Leonard & Hill, 1993) have shown that the same hazard description, for example flammable, associated with different products resulted in very different perceptions of risk. The present study eliminated anchoring effects that may have resulted from using separate categories by combining 13 different products into a single set for both rating and ranking. The results were consonant with previous findings in that a low correlation between subjective impressions and physical characteristics was found. Subjects in a second study who received a demonstration of some of the products' flammability significantly changed their ratings. The discussion involved consideration of how cognitive information may be developed.
ELEVATED ST2 SERUM LEVELS A BIOMARKER FOR CARDIOMYOPATHY IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, fatal X-linked disorder characterized by the lack of dystrophin, a key sarcolemma muscle protein. Nearly 50% of DMD patients now die from cardiac related causes. The purpose of our research was to identify cardiac serum biomarkers associated with DMD
Purpose, Acknowledgments, Contributors

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center–Hays. The 2016 program is the 102nd staging of Roundup. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center–Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in order to increase profit margins for producers in the long term.
Using surface-mount components in an embedded systems lab

Embedded systems classes and labs can often benefit from having students design their own systems including printed circuit boards (PCBs). These boards can be the basis of either complete small microcontroller systems or add-on boards to existing platforms. However, modern circuit components are very often available only in tiny surface-mount technology (SMT) packages intended for automatic assembly and reflow soldering. This paper describes how we enhanced an embedded systems lab in a cost-effective way to enable students to develop, assemble, and solder custom PCBs that contain SMT components. This allows an enriched hands-on experience, and an expansion of the scope and complexity of the student projects.
Cholesterol-Dependent Phase-Demixing in Lipid Bilayers as a Switch for the Activity of the Phosphoinositide-Binding Cytoskeletal Protein Gelsolin

The lateral distribution of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in lipid bilayers is affected both by divalent cation-mediated attractions and cholesterol-dependent phase demixing. The effects of lateral redistribution of PIP2 within a membrane on PIP2–protein interactions are explored with an N-terminal fragment of gelsolin (NtGSN) that severs actin in a Ca2+-insensitive manner. The extent of NtGSN inhibition by PIP2-containing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) depends on the lateral organization of the membrane as quantified by an actin-severing assay. At a fixed PIP2 mole fraction, the inhibition is largely enhanced by the segregation of liquid ordered/liquid disordered (Lo/Ld) phases that is induced by altering either cholesterol content or temperature, whereas the presence of Ca2+ only slightly improves the inhibition. Inhibition of gelsolin induced by demixed LUVs is more effective with decreasing temperature, coincident with increasing membrane order as determined by Laurdan generalized po...
Introduction to Thomas Robert Malthus, ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population’, 1798

The argument in Thomas Robert Malthus’s Essay on Population, the first edition of which was published anonymously in 1798, is one of the most dramatic in the history of human thought. It is no wonder that it is a classic not solely of economic thought but of all human writings whatsoever.
Reterritorializing workspaces: Entrepreneurial podcasting as situated networking, connected mediation, and contextualized professionalism

Podcasting is an innovative form of technical and professional communication (TPC), and a case study of Haven and Harper's work in the knitting community through podcasting demonstrates how women have found ways to maneuver outside of traditional workplaces in order to reterritorialize their workspaces. Such entrepreneurial engagements illuminate the inclusiveness and exciting nature of the work happening on the fringes and the forward momentum of the field of TPC as a whole. The entrepreneurial work in this case study reveals the situated networking, connected mediation, and contextualized professionalism that occurs in entrepreneurial TPC. While these women have applied their TPC expertise to knitting, the form of podcasting and the techniques they use can be translated across disciplines and demonstrates a need to connect with and value users. Entrepreneurial work through new media technologies is leading the way to future TPC, as audiences have become increasingly complex in their expectations for communication.
Predicting frequent emergency department visits among children with asthma using EHR data.

Objective For children with asthma, emergency department (ED) visits are common, expensive, and often avoidable. Though several factors are associated with ED use (demographics, comorbidities, insurance, medications), its predictability using electronic health record (EHR) data is understudied. Methods We used a retrospective cohort study design and EHR data from one center to examine the relationship of patient factors in 1 year (2013) and the likelihood of frequent ED use (≥2 visits) in the following year (2014), using bivariate and multivariable statistics. We applied and compared several machine-learning algorithms to predict frequent ED use, then selected a model based on accuracy, parsimony, and interpretability. Results We identified 2691 children. In bivariate analyses, future frequent ED use was associated with demographics, co-morbidities, insurance status, medication history, and use of healthcare resources. Machine learning algorithms had very good AUC (area under the curve) values [0.66-0.87], though fair PPV (positive predictive value) [48-70%] and poor sensitivity [16-27%]. Our final multivariable logistic regression model contained two variables: insurance status and prior ED use. For publicly insured patients, the odds of frequent ED use were 3.1 [2.2-4.5] times that of privately insured patients. Publicly insured patients with 4+ ED visits and privately insured patients with 6+ ED visits in a year had ≥50% probability of frequent ED use the following year. The model had an AUC of 0.86, PPV of 56%, and sensitivity of 23%. Conclusion Among children with asthma, prior frequent ED use and insurance status strongly predict future ED use.
Epidemiology of fentanyl-involved drug overdose deaths: A geospatial retrospective study in Rhode Island, USA.

Background We conducted an epidemiological investigation of fentanyl and non-fentanyl overdose deaths in Rhode Island to inform overdose prevention efforts. Methods All drug overdose deaths occurring in Rhode Island between January 1, 2014 and September 30, 2016 were included. Overdose circumstances and decedent characteristics were ascertained from medical examiner files. Toxicological reports provided quantification of fentanyl and metabolites. ArcGIS was used to map exact overdose locations. We compared fentanyl-associated with non-fentanyl overdose deaths using chi-square tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. To identify overdose clusters, we used the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Results A total of 778 overdose deaths were observed during the study period. In total, 358 (46.0%) were attributable to acute fentanyl intoxication, increasing from 84 (35.0%) in 2014 to 138 (55.6%) during the first nine months of 2016 (Mantel–Haenszel test for trend P < 0.001). Compared to non-fentanyl overdoses, fentanyl overdose decedents were younger, more likely to have multiple drugs contribute to the death, and have evidence of injection drug use. The geospatial distribution of fentanyl and non-fentanyl involved deaths were similar. Conclusions Findings suggest widespread penetration of fentanyl in the drug supply, impacting a diverse group of users. An immediate scale-up of harm reduction and overdose prevention interventions is needed.
When I Think of You I Project Myself: Examining Idiographic Goals From the Perspective of Self and Other

Across two studies, we examined the correspondence between targets’ idiographic goals and the goals attributed to them by their social contacts. In both studies, targets listed their personal goals...
Morbimortalidad materna: Publicaciones presentadas en la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia en los 70 años de vida institucional de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología

High maternal morbidity and mortality, which occur mainly in poor, developing countries, constitute a problem which is very representative of a country’s health system, and are therefore considered as leading health indicators. For this reason, although maternal mortality expressed in absolute values does not represent an exorbitant quantity for a country, every case represents a failure of the country’s health system. Cases of maternal morbidity are more numerous, which is why they could be more useful to enable the authorities to take more effective action to combat maternal death. This article analyzes the publications made in relation to investigations, reports and cases of maternal morbidity and mortality since 1950, that is, for the past 67 years.
Effect of exercise on left ventricular mass index by echocardiography in mild and moderate hypertension: A meta-analysis

Background: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is considered to be a significant manifestation of increased blood pressure, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Exercise training is recommended for reducing blood pressure in mild and moderate hypertensive patients. Methods: We conducted a search for interventional studies evaluating the effect of exercise on LV mass index (LVMI) in hypertensive patients. Studies were searched using different databases from 1990 to 2015. The primary end points were change in LVMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Of 122 studies, eight studies were found to be eligible for this meta-analysis. Results: The produced effect size was found to be large for LVMI (3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–5.5) and DBP (2.8, 95% CI: 1.6–3.9) with significant heterogeneity, while moderate (0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.77) for SBP without significant heterogeneity. The estimated predictive intervals for LVMI (95% CI: −3.2–10.3) and DBP (95% CI: −1.3–6.8) showed a positive but not significant difference in the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant reduction in LVMI and DBP in hypertensive patients after exercise training. A moderate reduction in the SBP of these patients was also depicted after exercise. Our study supports the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for regular exercise in hypertension.
Interruptions Experienced by Emergency Nurses: Implications for Subjective and Objective Measures of Workload

Introduction This study aimed to describe interruptions experienced by emergency nurses and establish convergence validity of 1 objective workload measure by linking interruption characteristics to objective and subjective measures of workload. Methods Interruptions were captured in real time across 8- or 12-hour shifts using a previously validated Workflow Interruptions Tool (WIT). Data collected on each interruption included type, priority, and location where the interruption occurred. At mid- and end-shift, the Surgery Task Load Index (SURG-TLX) and the Rapid Cognitive Assessment Tool (RCAT) were administered to participating nurses to measure workload subjectively and objectively. Results Thirty-eight emergency nurse shifts were observed. A total of 3,229 interruptions were recorded across 372.5 clinical hours and 38 shifts (means [M] = 85.0 interruptions per shift, standard deviation [SD] = 34.9; M=8.7 interruptions per hour, SD=3.36). The median duration per interruption was 13.0 seconds. A moderate positive association was identified between the number of interruptions experienced during a shift and the increased overall SURG-TLX workload reported at end-shift, r(36) = 0.323, P = 0.048. Also, a moderate positive association was identified between increased reaction times during the RCAT task and increased mental demand experienced at end of shift, r (36) = 0.460, P Discussion This study observed interruptions throughout the entirety of a nursing shift and found that the majority of interruptions caused by the environment were low priority. Targeting interventions to reduce low-priority and environmental interruptions may aid in alleviating the impact of interruptions on clinical staff and patient care. Furthermore, results demonstrate that the frequency of interruptions was perceived to increase the nursing staff workload overall.Unlabelled BoxContribution to Emergency Nursing Practice •Emergency nurses perceived their own workload accurately. •Interruptions occur every 6 to 7 minutes for emergency nurses. •Frequency of interruptions increased the nursing staff workload overall.
End-of-treatment and serial PET imaging in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma following dose-adjusted EPOCH-R: a paradigm shift in clinical decision making

Dose-adjusted-EPOCH-R obviates the need for radiotherapy in most patients with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. End-of-treatment PET, however, does not accurately identify patients at risk of treatment failure, thereby confounding clinical decision making. To define the role of PET in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma following dose-adjusted-EPOCH-R, we extended enrollment and follow up on our published phase II trial and independent series. Ninety-three patients received dose-adjusted-EPOCH-R without radiotherapy. End-of-treatment PET was performed in 80 patients, of whom 57 received 144 serial scans. One nuclear medicine physician from each institution blindly reviewed all scans from their respective institution. End-of-treatment PET was negative (Deauville 1-3) in 55 (69%) patients with one treatment failure (8-year event-free and overall survival of 96.0% and 97.7%). Among 25 (31%) patients with a positive (Deauville 4-5) end-of-treatment PET, there were 5 (20%) treatment failures (8-year event-free and overall survival of 71.1% and 84.3%). Linear regression analysis of serial scans showed a significant decrease in SUVmax in positive end-of-treatment PET non-progressors compared to an increase in treatment failures. Among 6 treatment failures, the median end-of-treatment SUVmax was 15.4 (range, 1.9-21.3), and 4 achieved long-term remission with salvage therapy. Virtually all patients with a negative end-of-treatment PET following dose-adjusted-EPOCH-R achieved durable remissions and should not receive radiotherapy. Among patients with a positive end-of-treatment PET, only 5/25 (20%) had treatment-failure. Serial PET imaging distinguished end-of-treatment PET positive patients without treatment failure, thereby reducing unnecessary radiotherapy by 80%, and should be considered in all patients with an initial positive PET following dose-adjusted-EPOCH-R (clinicaltrials.gov identifier 00001337).
Mark IV: A Phase Coherent Observing System for Pulsars

We have built a new radio astronomical receiving system designed specifically for very high precision timing and polarimetry of fast pulsars. Unlike most detectors currently used to study pulsars, this intrument does not square the received signal at the time of observation. Instead, voltages proportional to the instantaneous electric vectors of incoming signals are digitized, time-tagged, and recorded on high speed magnetic media. We have tested the system using a 5 MHz bandwidth signal with 2-bit digitization at the Greenbank 140 foot telescope. Full polarization information was obtained with a 0.2 μ s time resolution. We have used this system to study the giant pulses emitted by PSR B0531+21 and PSR B1937+21, to determine high precision dispersion measures, and to perform high precision timing and polarimetry.
Leptomeningeal Enhancement Is Associated with Transient Neurologic Deficits after Flow Diversion of Intracranial Aneurysms.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between blood–brain barrier disruption and transient neurologic deficits (TNDs) after neuroendovascular interventions (NEIs) using postcontrast T2/FLAIR (pcFLAIR) imaging. Methods This is a prospective study of 41 consecutive patients undergoing flow diversion therapy for unruptured aneurysm treatment. Patients underwent postprocedural magnetic resonance imaging within 24 hours of the procedure, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and pcFLAIR sequences. Regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for developing TNDs. Results In total, 13 patients (31.7%) developed neurologic complications ranging from visual field defects to dense hemiplegia. All deficits were transient, resolving spontaneously within 72 hours. Five of 13 patients (38.5%) with TNDs had presence of lesions on DWI whereas the remaining 8 patients (61.5%) did not. In contrast, all patients who developed TNDs had leptomeningeal enhancement on pcFLAIR imaging, and no patient with normal pcFLAIR imaging developed TNDs. Regression analysis revealed the extent of pcFLAIR enhancement is associated with development of postprocedure neurologic deficits (P Conclusions This study challenges conventional dogma that TNDs are ischemic in etiology and suggests blood–brain barrier impairment may be a potential alternative mechanism. These findings are applicable to stroke and other reversible neurologic diseases.
Multiracial campus professionals’ experiences with queering race in U.S. postsecondary contexts

Because Multiracial people are often pressed between socially constructed monoracial categories and forced to navigate a monoracial-only paradigm of race, Multiracial individuals may develop a heig...
Ankle Rotation and Muscle Loading Effects on the Calcaneal Tendon Moment Arm: An In Vivo Imaging and Modeling Study

In this combined in vivo and computational modeling study, we tested the central hypothesis that ankle joint rotation and triceps surae muscle loading have independent and combinatory effects on the calcaneal (i.e., Achilles) tendon moment arm (CTma) that are not fully captured in contemporary musculoskeletal models of human movement. We used motion capture guided ultrasound imaging to estimate instantaneous variations in the CTma during a series of isometric and isotonic contractions compared to predictions from scaled, lower extremity computational models. As hypothesized, we found that muscle loading: (i) independently increased the CTma by up to 8% and (ii) attenuated the effects of ankle joint rotation, the latter likely through changes in tendon slack and tendon curvature. Neglecting the effects of triceps surae muscle loading in lower extremity models led to an underestimation of the CTma, on average, particularly in plantarflexion when those effects were most prominent. We also found little agreement between in vivo estimates and model predictions on an individual subject by subject basis, alluding to unaccounted for variation in anatomical morphology and thus fundamental limitations in model scaling. Together, these findings contribute to improving our understanding of the physiology of ankle moment and power generation and novel opportunities for model development.
From Schoolgirls to “Virtuous” Khmer Women: Interrogating Chbab Srey and Gender in Cambodian Education Policy

Chbab Srey (Code of Conduct for Women) is an important piece of Khmer literature outlining expected behavior for girls and women in Cambodia. Pieces of the poem are taught in secondary school and interwoven into the educational experiences of girls and female teachers, yet there is little research on Chbab Srey in education. Using discourse analysis, this article considers the influence of Chbab Srey on gender-related education policy in Cambodia. This research highlights the juxtaposition of Chbab Srey and gender mainstreaming in education policy and in the curricular experiences of girls and teachers in Cambodia, and introduces an unexamined and culturally coveted piece of Cambodian curriculum to the fields of teacher-related policy and girls’ education.
Enhanced Sensing and Nondegraded Thermal Noise Performance Based on PT-Symmetric Electronic Circuits with a Sixth-Order Exceptional Point.

An exceptional point (EP) is a non-Hermitian degeneracy where both eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors coalesce. It was recently proposed and demonstrated that such spectral singularity can be utilized for enhanced sensing. Potential drawbacks of EP sensing include both fundamental resolution limit and noise effects that might mask the hypersensitive resonant splitting. Here, we address these issues by proposing a parity-time ($\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$)-symmetric sensing circuit bearing a sixth-order EP. By employing capacitive coupling channel as a sensing platform, we achieve an enhanced resonance shift proportional to the fourth-order root of the perturbation strength and maintain a high resolution for weak perturbation. Due to the low-pass feature of our circuit, thermal noise is mitigated down to a level comparable to its Hermitian counterpart, despite the presence of highly noisy gain and loss elements. Our EP sensing scheme offers combined enhanced sensitivity, improved resolution and nondegraded thermal noise performance, showing an exciting prospect for next-generation sensing technologies.
Bawdy City: Commercial Sex and Regulation in Baltimore, 1790–1915

A vivid social history of Baltimore's prostitution trade and its evolution throughout the nineteenth century, Bawdy City centers women in a story of the relationship between sexuality, capitalism, and law. Beginning in the colonial period, prostitution was little more than a subsistence trade. However, by the 1840s, urban growth and changing patterns of household labor ushered in a booming brothel industry. The women who oversaw and labored within these brothels were economic agents surviving and thriving in an urban world hostile to their presence. With the rise of urban leisure industries and policing practices that spelled the end of sex establishments, the industry survived for only a few decades. Yet, even within this brief period, brothels and their residents altered the geographies, economy, and policies of Baltimore in profound ways. Hemphill's critical narrative of gender and labor shows how sexual commerce and debates over its regulation shaped an American city.
Kinematic and Coordination Variability in Runners with and Without Patellofemoral Pain

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury that has been suggested to cause abnormal gait kinematics and variability in runners with PFP. Conflicting results have been presented as to the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the variability of lower extremity kinematics and joint coordination in the presence of PFP and exertion. Methods: Six female runners with PFP and matched controls (CON) ran at a self-selected pace on an instrumented treadmill until exertion or pain criteria was met. Sixteen anatomical retroreflective markers and seven tracking clusters were placed on the participants’ lower extremities. Data collected for 20 steps from the beginning, middle, and end of the run were processed. Kinematic variability was assessed for each participant by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of peak knee flexion, internal rotation, and adduction angle and their velocities. Continuous relative phase (CRP) mean values were calculated from normalized phase plots for coordination relationships between knee horizontal plane motion and hip sagittal, frontal, and horizontal and ankle frontal plane motion. Coordination variability was calculated as the CRP coupling SD over 100% of stance for each time point for each participant. Statistical comparisons were assessed through a 2 (PFP vs. CON) x 3 (beginning, middle, end) repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in variability for peak knee adduction angle, peak knee adduction velocity, hip flexion/knee rotation CRP, and knee rotation/rearfoot eversion CRP over time for the PFP group compared with CON (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pain and exertion increase the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination reflecting decreased movement control towards the end of a run.
Correction to: Assessment and Treatment of Challenging Behavior Maintained by a Nonvocal Mands Function.

Figure 2 did not have a data path of open circles depicted. Below is the corrected Fig. 2, with a more accurate figure caption.
Video Atlas of Cystourethroscopy Findings

Study Objective The objectives of this video are to demonstrate normal findings at the time of cystourethroscopy, show examples of common benign findings within the bladder and urethra, and to show lesions that warrant additional investigation. We hope to provide examples of common benign and malignant findings to gynecologic surgeons to assist with recognition if they incidentally found. Design N/A Setting Tertiary academic hospital with a high-volume gynecologic surgery practice Patients or Participants The images shown in the video are taken from a variety of patients undergoing cystoscopy by two urogynecologists. Interventions Images were obtained at the time of surgery for educational purposes Measurements and Main Results This video demonstrates the equipment and steps of performing cystourethroscopy. We review examples of the following benign anatomic variants: shaggy urethral fronds, squamous metaplasia, cystitis cystica, bladder trabeculations, ureterocele, bladder diverticula, bladder wall cysts, ureteral orifice cysts, hypervascularity, duplicated collecting systems, foreign bodies, and fistulas. We also review two examples of neoplastic findings, including urothelial papilloma and papillary urothelial carcinoma. Conclusion Cystoscopy can be a useful procedure in the office and operating room. Gynecologic surgeons should be familiar with normal cystoscopy findings. If abnormalities are found, it is the surgeon's responsibility to document and refer the patient for additional testing if indicated.
Elevated Blood Lead Level Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nationwide Survey (NHANES 2011-2016)

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is most commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, but increasing evidence has also implicated environmental toxicants. In this study, we aim to show that elevated blood Lead levels results in worsening liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD in a large U.S. population-based cohort. Methods: The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) is a CDC funded nationally representative survey of the civilian United States population. A total of 30,172 patients were included from this survey. 2,499 non-pregnant individuals ages 20-74 were identified with NAFLD as determined by a Fatty Liver Index score ≥ 60 (reference) and included in this study. Advanced fibrosis was defined by the National Fibrosis Score > 0·676. Student’s T-test was used for continuous and Rao-Scott Chi-Square test for categorical variables. Comparison across quartiles was done with simple linear regression for continuous and Rao-Scott Chi-Square test for categorical variables. Demographics and patient confounders were adjusted using multivariate logistic regression (SAS 9·4) for odds of Advanced Fibrosis with respect to Lead quartile. Findings: Increasing blood Lead levels in NAFLD patients is significantly associated with increasing age, male gender, alcohol, smoking, and lower education. After multivariate adjustment for confounding factors, risk of Advanced Fibrosis significantly increased with Lead exposure, OR 5.93, 95% CI 2.88-12.24 in highest Lead quartile (Q4). In subgroup analysis stratified by BMI, a significant association between advanced liver fibrosis and blood Lead levels was consistently present, Q4 (OR 5·78, 95% CI 0·97-33·63) and Q4 (OR 6·04, 95% CI 2·92-12·48) in BMI 30, respectively. Interpretation: Our findings show that advanced liver fibrosis is six times more likely in NAFLD patients with elevated blood lead levels. NAFLD patients at high risk of Lead exposure may need aggressive screening of blood Pb levels to minimize risk of fibrosis progression. Funding Statement: The authors stated: "None." Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest or financial support regarding the publication of this paper. Ethics Approval Statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are publicly available at [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm].
Mindfulness as a mediator in the relationship between social media engagement and depression in young adults

Abstract Social media engagement has been inconsistently linked to depression and it is important to determine whether specific motivations for engagement are linked to depression and what the mechanisms may be. This study investigated five factors of mindfulness as potential mediators between behavioral, affective, and cognitive social media engagement and depression. Participants (between 17 and 24 years old) at a university or found through social media (Reddit, Facebook, and Instagram; N = 371) were given the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Social Media Engagement Scale for Adolescents (SMES-A), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), which measured depression. The awareness facet of mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between all three social media engagement subscales (behavioral, affective, and cognitive) and depression. Additionally, there was a significant mediation between the affective engagement subscale and depression by the nonjudge, nonreact, and describe facets of mindfulness. Our results suggest that mindfulness is an important mechanism of the relationship between social media engagement and depression. The implementation of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may be useful to help teach how to engage in social media mindfully and positively.
Optimal Multi-stage Configuration Allocation with Applications to Video Advertising

In modern applications of real-time resource allocation, for example allocating ad opportunities created by users to relevant advertisers during video streaming, a prevalent scenario is when an arriving user can be served under different "configurations''. For example, in video advertising, a configuration can be an arrangement of video-ads of various lengths and formats for a subset of advertisers, showing up at different time-stamps of the video. Each selected configuration assigns a certain number of impressions to each advertiser. Depending on their long-term contracts, each advertiser is willing to pay for a certain number of impressions during the decision making horizon at a per-impression price depending on the assigned configuration. While this application is real-time, there is an inherent allowance for latency in showing ads to users, as several of these ads show up in the middle (or at the end) of the video. This provides an opportunity for ad allocator to batch the users and to make more profitable allocation decisions. While designing algorithms for the fully online variant of this setting has been studied in the literature [Devanur et al., 2016], the multi-stage variant where the allocation decisions are made batch-by-batch is not studied. Motivated by the above application, we study designing optimal competitive multi-stage configuration allocation algorithms (with preemption) in an adversarial setting, where users arrive in batches in a stage-wise fashion. The allocator then decides on an irrevocable configuration for each of the users in an arriving batch at each stage so as to maximize the total revenue. We propose a novel convex-programming based multi-stage configuration allocation algorithm that is 1-(1-1/K)^K competitive, where K is the number of stages. We further show an intimate connection between the convex programs used in each stage and a recursive functional equation (with a sequence of polynomials of decreasing degrees as its solution). Using this connection, we develop a recursive primal-dual analysis for our algorithm and extend the previous analysis framework of multi-stage fractional matching [Feng and Niazadeh, 2021] to this more general setting. Interestingly, we show there is an intimate connection between convex Lagrangian dual of each stage of our algorithm and how the primal-dual analysis needs to be set up, which might be of independent interest.
Leisure experiences and social support systems of latino students with daca status

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the leisure experiences of undocumented Latino young adults with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status in order to note any potential links between leisure experience and success in reaching higher education. This population faces a unique set of challenges in their transition to adulthood and their pursuit of and access to higher education. Research suggests that 3 common factors among undocumented young adults who have been successful in reaching higher education are extra-familial mentors, positive social supports, and supplementary educational programming. This study used these 3 factors and the principles of contact theory to examine leisure experiences of undocumented young adults with DACA status. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 young adults with DACA status who were enrolled in higher education. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Due to the difficulty accessing this population, snowball sampling was used beginning with a volunteer database from a local Hispanic Alliance. The results support previous literature that has identified constraints this population faces when striving for higher education, as well as the capacity of populations that experience disadvantages for leisure constraint negotiation. The findings show leisure and recreational pursuits support the development of the above mentioned 3-factor support system, helpful in reaching higher education, from previous literature and document a severe drop off of both leisure and recreation participation after high school graduation. Limitations of the study and implications for practice and future research are discussed.
What Have We Learned and Where Are We Going

This chapter explains the complexity of the regeneration phenomenon while focusing on regeneration of mammalian tissues and organs, and tissue engineering. In complex structures, such as extremities or significant parts of the body, epimorphic regeneration requires not only the well-described tissue interactions, but also molecular signaling that will likely prove to be every bit as complex as that which underlies the regeneration of isolated tissues. Many different types of regenerative phenomena exist, and they often appear to operate according to their own sets of rules. There has been a strong historical tendency in the field to try to assign new phenomena to categories with existing names, but sometimes they just do not fit. Nature has devised an amazing variety of means by which to restore lost or damaged structures. In some cases, the end result is an almost perfect replica of what was lost; but in others, the product of regeneration is both structurally and functionally incomplete.
Kinetic model of the inner magnetosphere with arbitrary magnetic field

[1] Theoretical and numerical modifications to an inner magnetosphere model—Hot Electron Ion Drift Integrator (HEIDI)—were implemented, in order to accommodate for a nondipolar arbitrary magnetic field. While the dipolar solution for the geomagnetic field during quiet times represents a reasonable assumption in the near-Earth closed field region, during storm activity this assumption becomes invalid. HEIDI solves the time-dependent, gyration- and bounce-averaged kinetic equation for the phase space density of one or more ring current species. New equations are derived for the bounce-averaged coefficients for the distribution function, and their numerical implementation is discussed. Also, numerically solving all the bounce-averaged coefficients for the dipole case does not change the results significantly from the analytical approximation of Ejiri (1978). However, distorting the magnetic field changes all bounce-averaged coefficients that make up the kinetic equation. Initial simulations show that changing the magnetic field changes the whole topology of the ring current. This is because the drifts are altered due to dayside compression and nightside stretching of the field. Therefore, at certain locations, the nondipolar magnetic drifts can dominate the convective drifts, considerably altering the pressure distribution in the equatorial plane.
The Power of Talk: How Words Change Our Lives By Felecia Briscoe, Gilberto Arriaza, and Rosemary C. Henze

Language matters, and the coauthors of The Power of Talk present a clearly written and convincingly argued book on the role of everyday language in maintaining and contesting power, privilege, and ...
Appearance-Based 3D Object Recognition

General, three-dimensional object recognition is still an unsolved problem. A major handicap in many systems is the use of standard point and straight-line-segment features for recognition. We believe that general object recognition can only be accomplished by utilizing the appropriate sensors for each object class and the appropriate features that can be reliably extracted using those sensors. We also believe that the analysis of complex scenes will require an active system. In this paper we define a new representation called an appearanced-based model and discuss its use for hypothesize-and-test object recognition in an active environment.
Chapter 1 The Entrainment, Transport and Sorting of Heavy Minerals by Waves and Currents

Abstract Heavy-mineral grains in a sediment have hydrodynamic properties that are distinct from the particles of quartz and feldspar. Differences also occur within the suite of heavy minerals due to their ranges of densities, diameters and shapes. The contrasting hydrodynamic properties of these sediment grains can give rise to differential rates of transport by flowing fluids that yield distinct patterns of deposition based on the particle attributes. The higher densities and generally finer grain sizes make the heavy minerals more resistant to entrainment by flowing water, and they then experience lower rates of transport when carried as part of the bedload or in suspension where differences in grain settling velocities are important. In the extreme this hydrodynamic sorting can lead to the formation of heavy-mineral concentrates, or a placer when the deposit contains economically valuable minerals. The processes of mineral sorting have been investigated mainly in the context of the formation of placers found in rivers, beaches and in continental shelf sands. That research is reviewed in application to the hydrodynamic sorting of sediment grains in general, with the focus being on the mechanisms of selective entrainment, shear sorting during bedload transport, sorting within the geometry of bedforms such as ripples, and the effects of differences in particle settling velocities on grain sorting during suspension transport and when the sediments are deposited. Each of these mechanisms depends on the particle density, diameter and shape, and collectively account for the observed patterns of mineral sorting found in sediment deposits.