cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternaria keratitis after corneal crosslinking.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of fungal keratitis after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) surgery. Observations We report a case of fungal keratitis after CXL for post-refractive surgery ectasia. The patient presented 12 days after surgery with a corneal ulcer that was culture positive for Alternaria species of fungus. She subsequently developed a bacterial superinfection. The keratitis resolved with medical therapy, although the patient required a penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) due to central corneal scarring. Conclusions and Importance To our knowledge, this is the first case of fungal keratitis as a complication after CXL in the United States and the first case of Alternaria infection after CXL using the Dresden protocol. Infectious keratitis is a rare but serious complication of CXL, and we suggest continued innovation of operative techniques that may reduce the risk of infectious keratitis.
The Role of Healthcare Robotics in Providing Support to Older Adults: a Socio-ecological Perspective

In this review, we provide an overview of how healthcare robotics can facilitate healthy aging, with an emphasis on physical, cognitive, and social supports. We next provide a synthesis of future challenges and considerations in the development and application of healthcare robots. We organize these considerations using a socio-ecological perspective and discuss considerations at the individual, care partner, community healthcare, and healthcare policy levels. Older adults are the fastest growing segment of the US population. Age-related changes and challenges can present difficulties, for older adults want to age healthily and maintain independence. Technology, specifically healthcare robots, has potential to provide health supports to older adults. These supports span widely across the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of healthy aging. Our review suggests that while healthcare robotics has potential to revolutionize the way in which older adults manage their health, there are many challenges such as clinical effectiveness, technology acceptance, health informatics, and healthcare policy and ethics. Addressing these challenges at all levels of the healthcare system will help ensure that healthcare robotics promote healthy aging and are applied safely, effectively, and reliably.
Role of the somatosensory cortex in motor memory consolidation

Motor memories become resistant to interference by the process of consolidation, which leads to long-term retention. Studies have shown involvement of the somatosensory cortex in motor learning-related plasticity, but not directly in motor memory consolidation. This Neuro Forum article reviews evidence from a continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) study by Kumar and colleagues (Kumar N, Manning TF, Ostry DJ. PLoS Biol 17: e3000469, 2019) that demonstrates the role of somatosensory, rather than motor, cortex in human motor memory consolidation during implicit motor learning.
Leaf traits and canopy structure together explain canopy functional diversity: an airborne remote sensing approach

Plant functional diversity is strongly connected to photosynthetic carbon assimilation in terrestrial ecosystems. However, many of the plant functional traits that regulate photosynthetic capacity, including foliar nitrogen concentration and leaf mass per area, vary significantly between and within plant functional types and vertically through forest canopies, resulting in considerable landscape-scale heterogeneity in three dimensions. Hyperspectral imagery has been used extensively to quantify functional traits across a range of ecosystems but is generally limited to providing information for top of canopy leaves only. On the other hand, lidar data can be used to retrieve the vertical structure of forest canopies. Because these data are rarely collected at the same time, there are unanswered questions about the effect of forest structure on the three -dimensional spatial patterns of functional traits across ecosystems. In the United States, the National Ecological Observatory Network's Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) provides an opportunity to address this structure-function relationship by collecting lidar and hyperspectral data together across a variety of ecoregions. With a fusion of hyperspectral and lidar data from the NEON AOP and field-collected foliar trait data, we assessed the impacts of forest structure on spatial patterns of N. In addition, we examine the influence of abiotic gradients and management regimes on top-of-canopy percent N and total canopy N (i.e., the total amount of N [g/m2 ] within a forest canopy) at a NEON site consisting of a mosaic of open longleaf pine and dense broadleaf deciduous forests. Our resulting maps suggest that, in contrast to top of canopy values, total canopy N variation is dampened across this landscape resulting in relatively homogeneous spatial patterns. At the same time, we found that leaf functional diversity and canopy structural diversity showed distinct dendritic patterns related to the spatial distribution of plant functional types.
The renormalization group according to Balaban. II. Large fields

This is an expository account of Balaban's approach to the renormalization group. The method is illustrated with a treatment of the ultraviolet problem for the scalar ϕ4 model on a toroidal lattice in dimension d = 3. In this paper we control the large field contribution to the partition function.
Separation Logic-Based Verification Atop a Binary-Compatible Filesystem Model

Filesystems have held the interest of the formal verification community for a while, with several high-performance filesystems constructed with accompanying proofs of correctness. However, the question of verifying an existing filesystem and incorporating filesystem-specific guarantees remains unexplored, leaving those application developers underserved who need to work with a specific filesystem known to be fit for their purpose. In this work, we present an implementation of a verified filesystem which matches the specification of an existing filesystem, and with our new model AbsFAT tie it to the reasoning framework of separation logic in order to verify properties of programs which use the filesystem. This work is intended to match the target filesystem, FAT32, at a binary level and return the same data and error codes returned by mature FAT32 implementations, considered canonical. We provide a logical framework for reasoning about program behavior when filesystem calls are involved in terms of separation logic, and adapt it to simplify and automate the proof process in ACL2. By providing this framework, we encourage and facilitate greater adoption of software verification by application developers.
Make it Work! Teaching Law Students to Get Great Supervision (Even When Supervisors Aren't That Great)

In an ideal world every single meeting between law students and professors, or between beginning lawyers and their supervisors, should leave supervisors impressed by their charges and junior lawyers/students with a clear sense of direction for their work. We do not live in that ideal world. This Article seeks to improve those supervisory meetings, and to do so from the perspective of the ones under supervision. We posit there is a genuine art to getting the best supervision possible, and that doing so can be both learned and taught. We first unpack some of the disconnects and hidden assumptions that can hinder effective supervisory meetings. We observe that participants in supervisory meetings may have very different expectations about the roles of the participants. We further explore the relational aspects of supervision and note that a shared sense of responsibility for supervision promotes more effective supervisory interactions. Next, the Article turns to considering what law professors can do to prepare law students to get the most out of feedback from their supervisors. We conclude that teaching law students to adjust their attributions toward growth, to set clear and achievable goals, and to be thoughtfully self-reflective, will maximize their learning in any academic and professional supervision.
Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Fe 2 AIB 2 Synthesized by Single-Step Reactive Hot Pressing

A single-step reactive hot-pressing technique was used to synthesize dense, polycrystalline samples of the nanolaminated MAB phase, Fe2AlB2. The process yielded nearly single-phase stoichiometric Fe2AlB2 materials containing only Al2O3 as the impurity phase in a fraction of the synthesis time typically required for the more commonly used arc-melting methods. To determine crystalline, magnetic, and stoichiometric properties, samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-dependent vibrating sample magnetometry. The results of both techniques show magnetic and magnetocaloric properties similar to those obtained in literature by other methods such as multi-day arc melting and annealing.
Optimal bidding in multi-item multi-slot sponsored search auctions

With the growing popularity of search engines among consumers, advertising on search engines has also grown considerably. We study optimal bidding strategies for advertisers in sponsored search auctions. In general, these auctions are run as variants of second-price auctions but have been shown to be incentive incompatible. Thus, advertisers have to be strategic about bidding. Uncertainty in the decision-making environment, budget constraints and the presence of a large portfolio of keywords makes the bid optimization problem non-trivial. In addition, there keywords are not independent. In this paper, we formulate and solve the advertiser's decision problem. We propose two bidding policies in our paper. The first policy ignores the interaction between keywords and is referred to as the "myopic" policy in this paper. We extend this bidding policy to incorporate interaction between keywords, and refer to this policy as the "forward-looking" policy since it entails decision making over several time horizons. Depending on the advertiser's intent, level of sophistication and nature of the products being advertised, the advertiser might choose the myopic or the forward-looking policy. This paper makes three main contributions. The first contribution is towards improving managerial practice. Advertisers spend billions of dollars on sponsored search. The techniques described in the paper can help increase the Return on Investment (RoI) for advertisers and SEM firms, as demonstrated in our field implementation. The second key contribution is that our approach represents a significant step forward for the academic literature on bidding in multi-slot auctions. All the papers to date have studied the problem either in a deterministic setting or in a single-slot setting and have relied on heuristic solution techniques due to the complexity of the optimization problem. In contrast, we compute optimal bids in the more realistic stochastic multi-slot setting. The third contribution of this paper is that it is the first paper on bidding in sponsored search to incorporate the interdependence between keywords into a multi-period bidding problem. The interdependence in keyword performance, commonly referred to as spillovers, is a well-documented feature of sponsored search (Rutz and Bucklin, 2011) but has not been considered in the bidding literature. The interactions between keywords are modeled in the form of positive spillovers from generic keywords into branded keywords. The spillovers are estimated using a dynamic linear model framework. An approximate dynamic program is formulated to solve the advertiser's bidding problem. To validate our approaches, we estimate the parameters of the models using data from an advertiser's sponsored search campaign and use the bids proposed by the models in a field experiment. The "myopic" policy outperforms the advertiser's policy by 75.38% and the "forward looking" policy improves the ROI by another 7.87%. The results of the field implementation show that the proposed bidding techniques are very effective in practice.
Economic burden of measles and its influencing factors in Fujian, China.

Measles is a highly-contagious, serious diseases that can lead to potentially fatal illness, disability and death . We conducted an investigation to calculate the economic burden of measles cases f...
Sport supplements and the athlete's gut: a review.

Vigorous or prolonged exercise poses a challenge to gastrointestinal system functioning and is associated with digestive symptoms. This narrative review addresses 1) the potential of dietary supplements to enhance gut function and reduce exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and 2) strategies for reducing gastrointestinal-related side effects resulting from popular sports supplements. Several supplements, including probiotics, glutamine, and bovine colostrum, have been shown to reduce markers of gastrointestinal damage and permeability with exercise. Yet, the clinical ramifications of these findings are uncertain, as improvements in symptoms have not been consistently observed. Among these supplements, probiotics modestly reduced exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in a few studies, suggesting they are the most evidenced-based choice for athletes looking to manage such symptoms through supplementation. Carbohydrate, caffeine, and sodium bicarbonate are evidence-based supplements that can trigger gastrointestinal symptoms. Using glucose-fructose mixtures is beneficial when carbohydrate ingestion is high (>50 g/h) during exercise, and undertaking multiple gut training sessions prior to competition may also be helpful. Approaches for preventing caffeine-induced gastrointestinal disturbances include using low-to-moderate doses (<500 mg) and avoiding/minimizing exacerbating factors (stress, anxiety, other stimulants, fasting). Adverse gastrointestinal effects of sodium bicarbonate can be avoided by using enteric-coated formulations, low doses (0.2 g/kg), or multi-day loading protocols.
The PX domains of p47phox and p40phox bind to lipid products of PI(3)K

PX domains are found in a variety of proteins that associate with cell membranes, but their molecular function has remained obscure. We show here that the PX domains in p47phox and p40phox subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase bind to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P(2)) and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), respectively. We also show that an Arg-to-Gln mutation in the PX domain of p47phox, which is found in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, eliminates phosphoinositide binding, as does the analogous mutation in the PX domain of p40phox. The PX domain of p40phox localizes specifically to PtdIns(3)P-enriched early endosomes, and this localization is disrupted by inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) or by the Arg-to-Gln point mutation. These findings provide a molecular foundation to understand the role of PI(3)K in regulating neutrophil function and inflammation, and to identify PX domains as specific phosphoinositide-binding modules involved in signal transduction events in eukaryotic cells.
Superficial connective tissue tumors in early infancy

Eleven infants with tumors originating from connective tissue are described. Seven fit the picture of fibromatosis and four, that of lipomatosis. Despite the histologic pattern of malignancy and, frequently, the critical anatomic locations of these growths, the tumors tend to be surprisingly benign. Metastasis is rare, and invasiveness decreases with age. An extremely conservative approach is indicated.
Scaling Exponents of Strong Turbulence in the Eddy Viscosity Approximation

A dynamic equation for velocity structure functions $S_{n}(r) = $ in strong turbulence is derived in the one-loop (eddy viscosity) approximation. This homogemeous differential equation yields scaling exponents $\xi_{n}$ in the relations $S_{n}(r)\propto r^{\xi_{n}}$ which are in a very good agreement with experimental data.
Douglass Seaton, Ideas and Styles in the Western Musical Tradition, 3rd ed.

Ideas and Styles in the Western Musical Tradition can be used effectively as a quick but substantive tour through western musical history and context, suitable for undergraduates but also sufficiently erudite for graduate courses. The history of music is presented as arising from historical, political, and cultural influences; we are invited to explore ideas such as "Humanism and Music," "The Reformation in Music," and "Rationalism and its Impact on Music," and musical concepts are presented in specific historical and cultural contexts. Ideas and Styles does not replace the standard histories but it is more comprehensive than generic. It is a stimulating explication of ideas and the way that they inform musical process, presented through the frame of chronological history. Also included are "Suggestions for Further Reading" keyed to dictionaries, encyclopedias, and theoretical studies, and a particularly useful chart correlating the contents of the book with a number of well-known recorded anthologies. Access to a Companion Website is available as a free supplement, as are the expected Instructors' Materials (sample syllabi, learning objectives, PowerPoint slides and quizzes, etc).
Dynamics and mass balance of four large East Antarctic outlet glaciers

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://www.ingentaconnect.com".
Optimum sampling for estimation of Fourier coefficients in noise

The problem of optimum sampling strategies for spectral estimation of Fourier-type signals from a finite number of noisy discrete-time observations was investigated. It was shown that equally spaced sampling is among the optimum set of times for finding minimum variance unbiased estimates of the coefficients of a single sinusoid imbedded in additive zero-mean noise. It was also shown for the white noise case that samples taken at a nonuniform rate could be used to estimate the values of the signal at the uniform sample times reducing the variances of these estimates by the ratio of Nyquist rate to average sample rate.
MODIS comparisons with northeastern Pacific in situ stratocumulus microphysics

Vertical sounding measurements within stratocumuli during two aircraft field campaigns, Marine Stratus/stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) and Physics of Stratocumulus Top (POST), are used to validate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud liquid water path (LWP), and cloud effective radius (re). In situ COT, LWP, and re were calculated using 5 m vertically averaged droplet probe measurements of complete vertical cloud penetrations. MODIS COT, LWP, and re 1 km pixels were averaged along these penetrations. COT comparisons in POST showed strong correlations and a near 1:1 relationship. In MASE, comparisons showed strong correlations; however, MODIS COT exceeded in situ COT, likely due to larger temporal differences between MODIS and in situ measurements. LWP comparisons between two cloud probes show good agreement for POST but not MASE, giving confidence to POST data. Both projects provided strong LWP correlations but MODIS exceeded in situ by 14-36%. MODIS in situ re correlations were strong, but MODIS 2.1 µm re exceeded in situ re, which contributed to LWP bias; in POST, MODIS re was 20-30% greater than in situ re. Maximum in situ re near cloud top showed comparisons nearer 1:1. Other MODIS re bands (3.7 µm and 1.6 µm) showed similar comparisons. Temporal differences between MODIS and in situ measurements, airplane speed differences, and cloud probe artifacts were likely causes of weaker MASE correlations. POST COT comparison was best for temporal differences under 20 min. POST data validate MODIS COT but it also implies a positive MODIS re bias that propagates to LWP while still capturing variability.
Propulsion and control of deformable bodies in an ideal fluid

Motivated by considerations of shape changing propulsion of underwater robotic vehicles, this paper analyses the mechanics of deformable bodies operating in an ideal fluid. The application of methods from geometric mechanics results in a compact and insightful formulation of the problem. We develop an explicit formula for the fluid mechanical connection, in terms of the fluid potential function, for this class of systems. The connection can be used to analyze many issues in motion planning and control. The theory is illustrated by application to an amoeba-like device.
The Importance of Family: The Impact of Social Support on Symptoms of Psychological Distress in African American Girls

The study examines social support and ego-resiliency as buffers for the development of symptoms of psychological distress of urban African American female adolescents. The participants were 136 high school students who resided in a large southern city. Students completed measures examining negative life events, family support, ego-resiliency, and symptoms of psychological distress. Although perceptions of social support from mothers were highest of all domains of support, support from fathers appeared to be especially important, in that girls with lower levels of ego-resiliency experienced fewer symptoms of psychological distress when perceptions of support from fathers were high. The results indicate that resilience in African American girls is associated with the combination of supportive family relationships as well as the ability to adjust to new and challenging environmental demands.
ANNULATE LAMELLAE AND "YOLK NUCLEI" IN OOCYTES OF THE DRAGONFLY, LIBELLULA PULCHELLA

Annulated membranes in the form of single and short lamellae are present adjacent to and parallel to the nuclear envelope in oogonia and early oocyte (synaptene) stages of the dragonfly, Libellula pulchella. These solitary and short annulate lamellae are usually continuous with long, part rough- and part smooth-surfaced cisternae which extend into more distal areas of the oogonial ooplasm. These particular annulate lamellae then either disappear or decrease in number to be replaced by a much more extensive system of annulate lamellae in the cortical ooplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The differentiation of extensive stacks of annulate lamellae is consistently observed to be restricted to large cytoplasmic areas of considerable electron density. These cytoplasmic regions consist of material which stains basophilic and contains RNA but differs structurally from the large number of ribosomes which surround the dense masses. The cytoplasmic dense masses, in terms of their formation and staining reactions, are comparable to the "yolk nuclei" or "Balbiani bodies" described in insect oocytes in earlier studies. The results of the present study thus provide evidence that the appearance of cortical ooplasmic stacks of annulate lamellae in the dragonfly oocyte is specifically limited to cytoplasmic areas of high electron density which contain RNA but which do not have a ribosomal morphology.
Natural products: Sponge symbionts play defense

The gene cluster that produces the sponge-derived cytotoxin calyculin A has been located in an uncultivated bacterial symbiont. Biochemical analyses reveal a pyrophosphorylated protoxin as the true biosynthetic product and suggest that calyculins result from activated chemical defense.
Wide-bore capillary column gas chromatography in toxicological analysis of biological samples from multidrug overdoses fatalities

Fatalities from multidrug overdoses account for 25% of the total number of all poisoning fatalities and as such deserve greater attention from researchers than single drug overdoses. High resolution, good sensitivity, and repeatability provided by gas chromatography (GC) with wide-bore capillary silica and glass columns make GC particularly useful for identification and quantitative analysis of drugs in toxicological screening of autopsy specimens. Results of toxicological findings in three deaths from multidrug overdoses (methaqualone, doxepine, methotrimeprazine, pernazine-aspirin, paracetamol, codeine-morphine, diazepam) occurring in routine medical practice are reported.
Can Molecular Simulations Be Used To Predict Adsorption on Activated Carbons

We demonstrate that the adsorption of ethane on an industrial activated carbon may be predicted quantitatively using molecular simulations of a two-center model of ethane and a pore size distribution for the micropores of the active carbon. The pore size distribution was determined from the adsorption of methane on the same carbon at a single temperature. No adjustable solid−fluid parameters were used. A less realistic spherical model of ethane was not adequate to predict ethane adsorption.
Fish size and habitat depth relationships in headwater streams

Surveys of 262 pools in 3 small streams in eastern Tennessee demonstrated a strong positive relationship between pool depth and the size of the largest fish within a pool (P 10.8 d in deep pools. In the striped shiner experiment in shallow artificial streamside troughs, no individuals 75–100 mm TL survived as long as 13 d, where-as smaller (20–25 mm) fish had 100% survival over 13 d. The results of the experiments show that predation risk from wading/diving animals (e.g., herons and raccoons) is much higher for larger fishes in shallow water than for these fishes in deeper water or for smaller fish in shallow water. We discuss the role of predation risk from two sources (piscivorous fish, which are more effective in deeper habitats, and diving/wading predators, which are more effective in shallow habitats) in contributing to the bigger fish — deeper habitat pattern in streams.
Pubertal shifts in adrenal responsiveness to stress and adrenocorticotropic hormone in male rats

Abstract Studies have indicated significant pubertal-related differences in hormonal stress reactivity. We report here that prepubertal (30 days) male rats display a more protracted stress-induced corticosterone response than adults (70 days), despite showing relatively similar levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Additionally, we show that adrenal expression of the ACTH receptor, melanocortin 2 receptor ( Mc2r ), is higher in prepubertal compared to adult animals, and that expression of melanocortin receptor accessory protein ( Mrap ), a molecule that chaperones MC2R to the cell surface, is greater in prepubertal males following stress. Given that these data suggest a pubertal shift in adrenal sensitivity to ACTH, we directly tested this possibility by injecting prepubertal and adult males with 6.25 or 9.375 μg/kg of exogenous rat ACTH and measured their hormone levels 30 and 60 min post-injection. As these doses resulted in different circulating levels of ACTH at these two ages, we performed regression analyses to assess the relationship between circulating ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. We found no difference between the ages in the correlation between ACTH and corticosterone levels at the 30 min time point. However, 60 min following the ACTH injection, we found prepubertal rats had significantly higher corticosterone concentrations at lower levels of ACTH compared to adults. These data suggest that prolonged exposure to ACTH leads to greater corticosterone responsiveness prior to puberty, and indicate that changes in adrenal sensitivity to ACTH may, in part, contribute to the protracted hormonal stress response in prepubertal rats.
Anterior segment trauma and air bags

Ocular injuries caused by the inflation of driver- or passenger-side air bags during motor vehicle collisions are increasing in frequency. The literature contains several case reports of air bag-related ocular injuries. Two of these cases involve corneal injuries1,2and one describes vitreous and subretinal hemorrhages.3 Report of a Case. The cornea and glaucoma services of the Kresge Eye Institute of Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich, examined a 51-year-old female physician who had sustained severe anterior segment injury in her right eye as a result of a driver-side air bag discharge during a motor vehicle crash. While the details of the collision are not known, it is known that during the immediate postcollision period, the patient required hospitalization for 5 days for a hyphema. Treatment at that time included topical steroids and cycloplegics. Ocular examination of the right eye 1 year later revealed a best corrected visual acuity of
Automated Characterization of Ceramic Multilayer Capacitors

This paper describes an automated test configuration that is used for rapid characterization of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of ceramic multilayer capacitors. The primary components in this system are a coaxial resonant line, an HP 8753D vector network analyzer, and a personal computer. Sample measurements are provided for several 1206 style capacitors, and the trends in ESR versus the internal capacitor architecture are presented.
Spectral and magnetic properties of linear-chain aminoacid complexes of copper(II), bis(d,l-α-aminobutyrato)- and bis(1-asparaginato)copper(II)

Abstract The electronic structures of the linear-chain aminoacid complexes, bis(l-asparaginato)copper(II), Cu(aspg)2, and bis(d,l-α-aminobutyrato)copper(II), Cu(aba)2, have been elucidated using variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and electronic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Despite established linear chain structures, no evidence was found for metal-metal spin exchange coupling to 1.8 °K. EPR spectra demonstrated that metal-ligand covalency is minimal. The g- and hyperfine anisotropy of copper(II)-doped Cd(aspg)2 were completely resolved.
Phosphorylation of Threonine Residue 276 Is Required for Acute Regulation of Serotonin Transporter by Cyclic GMP

Cellular protein kinases, phosphatases, and other serotonin transporter (SERT) interacting proteins participate in several signaling mechanisms regulating SERT activity. The molecular mechanisms of protein kinase G (PKG)-mediated SERT regulation and the site of transporter phosphorylation were investigated. Treatment of rat midbrain synaptosomes with 8-bromo-cGMP increased SERT activity, and the increase was selectively blocked by PKG inhibitors. The V(max) value for serotonin (5-HT) transport increased following cGMP treatment. However, surface biotinylation studies showed no change in SERT surface abundance following PKG activation. (32)P metabolic labeling experiments showed increased SERT phosphorylation in the presence of cGMP that was abolished by selectively inhibiting PKG. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that cGMP-stimulated native SERT phosphorylation occurred only on threonine residues. When added to CHO-1 cells expressing SERT, 8-bromo-cGMP stimulated 5-HT transport and SERT phosphorylation. Mutation of SERT threonine 276 to alanine completely abolished cGMP-mediated stimulation of 5-HT transport and SERT phosphorylation. Although the T276A mutation had no significant effect on 5-HT transport or SERT protein expression, mutation to aspartate (T276D) increased the level of 5-HT uptake to that of cGMP-stimulated 5-HT uptake in wild-type SERT-expressing cells and was no longer sensitive to cGMP. These findings provide the first identification of a phosphorylation site in SERT and demonstrate that phosphorylation of Thr-276 is required for cGMP-mediated SERT regulation. They also constitute the first evidence that in the central nervous system PKG activation stimulates endogenous SERT activity by a trafficking-independent mechanism.
Exploring RF Transmissions From Discharge-Based Micromachined Radiation Detectors

This paper describes micromachined gas-based radiation sensors that are capable of radio frequency wireless signaling, and their possible utility in networks. The devices include a gas-filled region with a high electric field, in which incident beta-particles initiate avalanche breakdown. Under the proper circumstances, the resulting current pulses can inherently produce wireless transmissions. Two types of lithographically-manufactured devices are presented: (1) a silicon/glass stack with etched detection cavities and (2) a planar, 3-electrode metal-on- glass structure that uses a high-impedance electrode for increased control of discharge energy. Both are capable of producing ultra-wideband signals spanning >2.9 GHz. Permanent magnets (integrated with both structures) can enhance the RF performance by ap15-20 dBmuV. The impact of operating pressure, fill-gases (which are typically a mixture of Ne and N2) and electrode materials (Ni, Cu) on device performance is described. Tests performed in the proximity of weak (0.1-1.0 muCi) beta sources (90Sr, 204Tl), show that a 25% decrease in pressure permits a 55% decrease in operating voltage. Increasing Ne content in the fill-gas (e.g. Ne-to-N2 ratio from 1:5 to 3:5) decreases the minimum operating voltage by 200 V without loss in RF performance. Ni electrodes, which have a higher secondary electron emission coefficient than Cu, provide 30% more overall signal power.
Analysis of signal optimization problems for dielectric media

The authors have recently presented the results of the numerical implementation of a scheme for designing an incident electromagnetic plane wave which will deposit a maximum amount of energy in any selected portion of an inhomogeneous dielectric slab. This paper presents the mathematical analysis underlying this scheme for solving the signal design problem. The analysis indicates that the maximum energy is achieved by choosing the incident signal to be an appropriately normalized eigenfunction of a compact Fredholm integral operator. A numerical scheme for solving the optimization problem is discussed briefly.
A fast sketch for aggregate queries over high-speed network traffic

There have been security problems and network failures that are hard to resolve, for example, botnets, polymorphic worm/virus, DDoS, etc. To address them, we need to monitor the traffic dynamics and have a network-wide view about them, and more importantly, be able to detect attacks and failures in a timely manner. Due to the rapid increase in the traffic volume, it is often infeasible to monitor every individual flow in the backbone network due to space and time constraints. Instead, we are often required to aggregate packets into a small number of flows and develop the detection methods with aggregated flows, namely aggregate queries. Although it enables ISPs to detect network problems in a timely manner, the flow aggregation cannot preserve certain critical information in network traffic, e.g., IP addresses, port numbers, etc. Due to such missing information, it becomes very difficult (or often infeasible) for ISPs to identify the sources of network attacks or the causes of traffic anomalies, which are important to resolve the network problems effectively. In this paper, we propose an efficient data structure, namely the fast sketch, which can both aggregate packets into a small number of flows, and further enable ISPs to identify the anomalous keys (IP addresses, port numbers, etc.), with small space and time. With it, the number of aggregated flows can achieve the lower bound of the heavy-change detection, i.e., Ω(k log(n/k)), where n is the range of flow keys and k is an upper bound of the number of anomalous keys. In addition, our sketch combines both the combinatorial group testing and the quotient technique to identify anomalous keys, which can guarantee a sub-linear running time. We expect our work will improve the practice for real-time traffic monitoring in a high-speed networked system.
Species distribution models: Spatial autocorrelation and non-stationarity

The main goal of species distribution modeling is to identify important underlying factors related to broad-scale ecological patterns in order to make meaningful explanations or accurate prediction...
Monitoring eye movements during fMRI tasks with echo planar images.

Verifying task compliance during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments is an essential component of experimental design. To date, studies of oculomotor tasks such as smooth pursuit eye movements have either measured task performance outside the magnet and assumed similar performance during functional neuroimaging, or have used MR-compatible eye movement recording devices, which can be costly and technically difficult to use. We describe a simple method to visualize and quantify eye movements during an imaging experiment using the gradient echo images. We demonstrate that local eye movements will influence whole-head motion correction procedures, resulting in inaccurate movement parameters and potentially lowering the sensitivity to detect activations.
Municipal elections and community media

Abstract Local elections are held more often and more frequently than any other type in American politics and are more often the first stepping stone to higher election office. But the “lost world” of municipal governments still remains lost because of political scientists’ and media scholars’ preoccupation with national voting behavior and presidential “personality” contests. Fifty-nine mayoral elections from 1986 to 1998 in 15 rural New Mexico communities without TV stations are examined. When the powerful incumbency variable is eliminated, community journalism’s influence is positively correlated via newspaper endorsement and local radio advertising in predicting winners of local elections. This study also operationalizes from scientific measurement 19 other independent variables that have been identified in predicting the winners of municipal races.
Protein retention in hydrophobic interaction chromatography: modeling variation with buffer ionic strength and column hydrophobicity

The variation in protein retention times with protein and surface hydrophobicity and mobile phase composition and concentration has been described with a simple thermodynamic model. Column capacity factors for two proteins have been measured as a function of mobile phase ionic strength for a series of columns with varying levels of hydrophobicity. Application of the model to these data suggests that the protein retention is dominated by the release of water molecules upon adsorption, which is consistent with the entropically driven nature of hydrophobic interactions. The calculated number of water molecules released agrees with estimates based on the reduction in hydrophobic surface area for adsorption.
Vector representation and analysis of areally distributed variables

When areally distributed variables are represented by vectors relative to a single reference point location, resultant vectors (distribution vectors) can be used to measure the geographic distribution of the variables simultaneously taking into account (1) thevalues of the variables, (2) thedirection, relative to the reference location, of the points at which the values are located, and (3) thedistances between the reference point and the data points. The distribution vector method provides measures of weighted mean location (distribution mean location) and dispersion (standard distance) that reflect the value direction, and distance of variables relative to the reference location. The distribution vector method has versatile applicability to problems involving areally distributed variables and can be used with other quantitative methods. An illustrative application of the distribution vector method with a statistical spatial interaction model of airline passenger traffic from St. Louis to 27 selected SMSAs for each year from 1960 through 1965 is included.
Lamin B is a prompt heat shock protein

The cellular response to hyperthermia involves the increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) within several hours after treatment. In addition, a subset of proteins has been shown to be increased immediately after heating. These “prompt” HSPs are predominantly found in the nuclear matrix–intermediate filament fraction and are not present or detectable in unheated cells. Since the nuclear matrix has been suggested to be a target for heat-induced cell killing, prompt HSPs may play a prominent role in the heat shock response. Using Western blotting and flow cytometry, we found that an increase in the synthesis of lamin B, one of the major proteins of the nuclear lamina, is induced during heating at 45.5°C but not during heating at 42°C. Since it is an abundant protein which is constitutively expressed in mammalian cells, lamin B appears to be a unique member of the prompt HSP family. The kinetics of induction of lamin B during 45.5°C heating did not correlate with the dose-dependent reduction in cell survival. While increased levels of lamin B during 45.5°C heating do not appear to confer a survival advantage directly, a possible role for lamin B in cellular recovery after heat shock cannot be discounted. J Cell Physiol 178:28–34, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of evisceration on the development of tourniquet shock.

SummaryLimb ischemia produced by bilateral hind limb tourniquets in rats results in 100% mortality in intact animals within 11 hours after removal of the tourniquet. It has been suggested that one factor contributing to the demise of the animals is the production of toxic factors from the hy-peremic gut. We tested this hypothesis by eviscerating normal and adrenalectomized rats either before or after the application of the tourniquet. Evisceration itself was tolerated for a 24-hour period. Evisceration, however, had no significant effect on survival time of tourniquet stressed animals. It is, therefore, unlikely that factors produced by the gut in the intact or adrenalectomized animal contributes significantly to the life threatening effects of tourniquet shock.
Feminized tassels of maize mop1 and ts1 mutants exhibit altered levels of miR156 and specific SBP-box genes

Development of the unisexual maize inflorescences requires the abortion of pistillate primordia in the florets of the developing tassel and the arrest of staminate primordia in the florets of the developing ears. Mutations of many genes that lie within this sexual differentiation pathway, such as tasselseed1 (ts1), or that influence this pathway, such as mediator of paramutation 1 (mop1), result in feminization of the normally male tassel. Here, we show the loss of mop1 or ts1 function results in increased mRNA levels for several members of the SBP-box gene family. Our analyses of this family expand the number of maize SBP-box genes from 9 to 31 members. Intron-exon structures as well as phylogenetic data support the division of these family members into six groups. The SBP-box genes upregulated in feminized tassels fall into two groups, share common structural motifs and include the presence of a target site for miR156. Small RNA blots show miR156 levels are decreased in both mop1 and ts1 mutants. While there is a correlation between miR156 levels and SBP-box gene transcript levels, this correlation is not absolute, and thus we hypothesize that decreased levels of miR156 may provide competency for SBP-box gene upregulation by other common factors yet to be identified. We present a model that provides a putative link between ts1, ts2, ts4, Ts6, and mop1 in the sex-determination pathway.
Goffman on Organizations

This paper has two linked objectives: the first is to select those aspects of Goffman's immense body of work which continue, in my mind, to have a bearing/relevance for the organization studies field. The second is to offer one condensed empirical illustration, drawing upon an earlier published study which took purchase/inspiration from Goffman.
Total domination dot-stable graphs

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S. The minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of G is the total domination number of G. Two vertices of G are said to be dotted (identified) if they are combined to form one vertex whose open neighborhood is the union of their neighborhoods minus themselves. We note that dotting any pair of vertices cannot increase the total domination number. Further we show it can decrease the total domination number by at most 2. A graph is total domination dot-stable if dotting any pair of adjacent vertices leaves the total domination number unchanged. We characterize the total domination dot-stable graphs and give a sharp upper bound on their total domination number. We also characterize the graphs attaining this bound.
Host rock solid-state transformation in a shock-induced melt vein of Tenham L6 chondrite

Abstract The host-rock fragments entrained in a 580-μm-wide melt vein of the Tenham L6 chondrite were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to better understand the solid-state transformation mechanisms and the shock conditions. The melt vein consists of a matrix of silicate plus metal-sulfide that crystallized from immiscible melts, and sub-rounded host-rock fragments that have been entrained in the melt and transformed to polycrystalline high-pressure silicates by solid-state transformation mechanisms. These high-pressure phases include ringwoodite, low-Ca majorite, clinoenstatite, hollandite-structured plagioclase and Ca-rich majorite. The Ca-rich majorite occurs as a symplectitic intergrowth with a Ca-poor amorphous silicate phase in a 200 μm-diameter chondrule in the vein. This intergrowth seems to be the result of a disproportionate breakdown of a Ca-rich clinopyroxene precursor into Ca-rich majorite and (FeMg)SiO 3 perovskite, which subsequently vitrified upon pressure release. The TEM observations suggest that most solid-state transformations in the Tenham are reconstructive. The transformation of olivine to polycrystalline ringwoodite appears to involve incoherent intracrystalline nucleation and interface-controlled growth. Lamellae in partially transformed olivine are not continuous coherent lamellae, but rather lamellae of polycrystalline ringwoodite, which is inconsistent with a coherent lamellar transformation mechanism. Growth rate calculations based on published kinetic data suggest that the time required to grow 1 μm ringwoodite crystal is ∼ 100 ms at 1600 K, suggesting that the minimum shock pulse of approximately 100 ms.
A note on a difficulty inherent in estimating reliability from stress–strength relationships

Abstract : This note calls attention to a difficulty which arises frequently in the application of stress-strength methods in reliability theory. This difficulty has led to unanticipated catastrophic failures in a number of applications. (Author)
Ionic polymer-metal composite enabled robotic manta ray

The manta ray, Manta birostris, demonstrates excellent swimming capabilities; generating highly efficient thrust via flapping of dorsally flattened pectoral fins. In this paper, we present an underwater robot that mimics the swimming behavior of the manta ray. An assembly-based fabrication method is developed to create the artificial pectoral fins, which are capable of generating oscillatory with a large twisting angle between leading and trailing edges. Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators are used as artificial muscles in the fin. Each fin consists of four IPMC beams bonded with a compliant poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane. By controlling each individual IPMC strips, we are able to generate complex flapping motions. The fin is characterized in terms of tip deflection, tip blocking force, twist angle, and power consumption. Based on the characteristics of the artificial pectoral fin, a small size and free-swimming robotic manta ray is developed. The robot consists of two artificial pectoral fins, a rigid body, and an on-board control unit with a lithium ion rechargeable battery. Experimental results show that the robot swam at a speed of up to 0.055 body length per second (BL/sec).