cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variations in sediment sources and yields in the Finger Lakes and Catskills regions of New York

The proportional contributions of stream bank and surface sources to fine sediment loads in watersheds in New York State were quantified with uncertainty analysis. Eroding streamside glacial drift, including glaciolacustrine deposits, were examined to help explain variations in the proportional contributions made by bank erosion. Sediment sources were quantified by comparing concentrations of the bomb-derived radionuclide 137 Cs in fluvial sediment with sediment from potential source areas such as agricultural soils, forest soils and stream banks. To compare sediment sources in streams containing abundant deposits of fine-grained glacial drift with watersheds that lacked moderate or extensive streamside deposits, samples were taken from 15 watersheds in the region. The mean contribution of bank erosion to sediment loads in the six streams with glaciolacustrine deposits was 60% (range 46–76%). The proportional contribution of bank erosion was also important in one stream lacking glaciolacustrine deposits (57%) but was less important in the remainder, with contributions ranging from 0 to 46%. Data from this study on the varying contributions of bank erosion and data from past studies of sediment yield in 15 watersheds of New York State suggest that eroding streamside glacial deposits dominate sediment yield in many watersheds. In other watersheds, past impacts to streams, such as channelization, have also resulted in high levels of bank erosion. Copyright  2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities in the Twenty-first Century Economy: A Preliminary Taxonomy

Our current information technological revolution is, by crude metrics, two to three times the relative size of previous industrial revolutions which transformed the economy and the world. However, at the moment, it is anyone’s guess what changes in macroeconomic vulnerabilities and opportunities our current industrial revolution will bring. It seems highly likely that it will bring a better-performing labour market. It also seems highly likely that it will bring larger swings in asset prices and investment demand, which will call for more aggressive counter-cyclical monetary policy. It is possible that it will bring a reduction in the size of the inventory-driven component of the business cycle, and that it will add to the difficulties of financial regulation as complexity increases the government’s task while euphoria diminishes its competence.
A Morphometric Approach for Addressing Tooth-Based Species Delimitation in Fossil Mako Sharks, Isurus (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes)

ABSTRACT Morphological studies of fossil and extant shark teeth have typically been qualitative in nature, with resulting taxonomic problems due to the complicated forms of heterodonty exhibited by many sharks. This is apparent in the designation of fossil species assigned to Isurus (Lamniformes), where the status of the putative Neogene fossil species Isurus xiphodon and I. hastalis is solely based upon supposed differences in tooth morphology. Here we apply the geometric morphometric techniques of Procrustes superimposition, resampling-based Goodall's F-test, and canonical variates analysis to extant Isurus teeth, with the goal of assessing whether these quantitative analytical techniques provide a more objective basis for taxonomic decisions than do traditional qualitative morphological descriptions. These quantitative techniques are then applied to I. hastalis and I. xiphodon to examine whether I. xiphodon should be considered a junior synonym of I. hastalis or a separate species. Results show that ge...
Improving Link Analysis Method in User Interface Design Using A New Computational Optimization Algorithm

Link analysis (LA) method is one of major user interface analysis methods in HCI. However, it seemed that it has several limitations, including negligence of high-frequency, low-link elements in a control interface and underestimation of the total moving distance in real task settings. To improve LA in these limitations, this study developed an algorithm based on the concept of optimizing the total moving distance and the outcome of the algorithm can be quantitatively validated. The findings along with the difficulties faced in this study might provide beneficial reference as well as challenges worth for future studying.
A Holocene record of climate change, fire ecology and human activity from montane Flat Top Bog, Maui

A sediment core from a high-elevation bog on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands contains evidence for drier conditions between 9.4–5.8 kyr BP, followed by a wetter interval between 5.8–2.2 kyr BP, and a variable late Holocene. These precipitation changes may be a reflection of vertical displacements of the upper boundary of the mid-Pacific Trade Wind Inversion (TWI) cloud layer. Fires, probably volcanically ignited, occurred in the forests prior to human arrival. Polynesian activity in this high-elevation, remote site was apparently limited, with no pollen, charcoal, or sedimentological evidence for local anthropogenic disturbance. After European contact, grass fires increased and introduced plant species invaded the site. Values for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediments throughout the Holocene indicate low trace-metal deposition from atmospheric particulates at the site, even in the twentieth century.
Preparation of monolignol γ-acetate, γ-p-hydroxycinnamate, and γ-p-hydroxybenzoate conjugates: selective deacylation of phenolic acetates with hydrazine acetate

We report here a reliable and facile synthesis of a range of monolignol γ-p-hydroxycinnamate (including p-coumarate, ferulate, and caffeate), γ-acetate, and γ-p-hydroxybenzoate conjugates, many not previously reported, that are either putative intermediates in the biosynthesis of natural lignins or new monomer-conjugates destined for upcoming designer lignins. The key was the development of a highly selective deacylation approach for phenolic acetates; i.e., a method that cleaves phenolic acetates while leaving the sensitive monolignol ester conjugates intact.
Pathomechanism of shock wave injuries on femoral artery, vein and nerve. An experimental study in dogs.

Abstract Purpose : To study the pathomechanism of shock wave injuries to the femoral artery, vein and nerve in dogs. Materials and methods : High-energy shock wave (0.47 mJ/mm 2 energy flux density) were applied to the right femoral artery, vein and nerve in nine mongrels, and the left side was used as control. Macroscopic examinations including structure integrity, edema, discolouration and extravasation; and microscopic examinations including detachment of the intima layer, disruption of the medium layer, capillary congestion, neutrophil margination and extravasation of the outer layer and the surrounding tissues were performed in 2 h, and in 4 days, respectively, after shock wave application. Results : The most serious injuries included disruption of the medium layer with separation from the adventitia layer of the femoral artery. The injuries to the femoral vein and nerve predominantly involved the outer adventitia layer and the surrounding tissues. Mild nerve bundle swelling was noted in most cases. There were capillary congestion, neutrophil margination and extravasation indicative of inflammatory tissue reaction after shock wave application. Conclusion : High-energy shock waves caused serious injuries to the femoral artery, vein and nerve, especially the femoral artery and inflammatory reaction to the surrounding tissues.
Ionizing radiation-induced asymmetries of the retention characteristics of ferroelectric thin films

A new failure mode in ferroelectric, non-volatile memories in a radiation environment has been identified. Exposure to ionizing radiation in combination with a series of unipolar pulses, which could be found in a read-only or read-mostly memory application, has been found to create a preferred memory state in the ferroelectric storage cell. This preferred memory state, or imprint, causes a significant asymmetry in the retention of polarization. While ferroelectric materials remain highly radiation tolerant, a new, more stringent testing method-should be adopted for hardness assurance. The creation of a preferential memory state, or 'imprint', in ferroelectric films and memories has previously only been reported in elevated temperature situations.
Forces acting on soil moisture in relation to other fundamental functions

It will be convenient for the purpose of our discussion to consider the water in soil as held in three different manners: (1) Water in the liquid-air interface; (2) water in the solid-liquid interface; (3) water in between these two surfaces. A considerable amount of study has been given to each of these divisions by various investigators. Most of the water in soil is held in the last form but its condition as regards pressure or potential depends on the shape of the interfaces. Of course, it must be kept in mind that from a mathematical sense there is no discontinuity in passing from one division to another, but from a physical point of view there is a more or less sudden change.
Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work

We began this research with several goals: The main aim was to accurately characterize cache performance with particular attention to large caches in realistic environments. This required more accurate and efficient cache analysis techniques than were available earlier, and also reliable trace data to derive accurate cache performance statistics.
An Update on Central Nervous System Stimulant Formulations in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ObjectiveTo review recent literature on the different stimulant preparations regarding efficacy and safety in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and describe advantages and disadvantages of the many available dosage formulations.Data SourcesLiterature retrieval was performed through PubMed/MEDLINE (2005–December 2008) using the terms methylphenidate, amphetamines, central nervous system stimulants, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed and drug manufacturers were contacted for any possible additional references.Study Selection And Data ExtractionDouble-blind clinical trials found using the search criteria listed above were included for review. Open-label studies and studies prior to 2005 were included if no double-blind trials were published for that formulation within the time period reviewed.Data SynthesisThe literature reviewed here demonstrates the efficacy and safety of stimu...
Percentage of tumor and tumor length in prostate biopsy specimens: a study of American veterans.

In this study, the tumors of 451 Veterans Affairs patients with prostate cancer were examined. In the biopsy specimens, percentage of tumor and tumor length were observed in addition to Gleason grade. The patients were then followed up until death or for a mean of 4.9 years to see how these measures of the quantity of tumor in the biopsy specimens related to overall survival. Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that patient age and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were related significantly to overall survival. After controlling for these 2 variables, percentage of tumor was significantly related to overall survival (P = .0012), and after controlling for age and PSA level, tumor length was significantly related to overall survival (P = .00026). Nevertheless, these 2 measures did not add prognostic information, that is, either one or the other was significant, but not both, probably because they are closely correlated. The results favor including one or the other of these 2 quantitative measures in reports on prostate biopsy specimens with tumor. For any biopsy of the prostate, the most important issue for the patient and his pathologist is the presence of cancer. Once cancer is found, the patient’s concerns turn to whether he will die prematurely, whether the tumor will make him suffer, and what, if any, treatments he should seek. Once the cancer is found, the pathologist’s concerns turn to issues of histologic grade and quantity of tumor. It is therefore no coincidence that the pathologist’s secondary concerns address, at least partly, the secondary concerns of the patient. For example, the Gleason grading scheme was formulated because it related significantly to overall survival. 1 In addition, many have shown that the combination of histologic grade and measures of tumor quantity in the initial biopsy specimen relate to outcomes in prostate cancer (see Vollmer 2 for a list of references). However, and in contrast with Gleason’s initial study of histologic grading, recent studies have favored outcomes other than overall survival, including tumor stage and tumor volume. Perhaps the most popular outcome to study has been biochemical failure, 3 an outcome that is difficult to define and one that is loosely connected to firmer outcomes such as distant metastases and overall survival. 4-7
A Randomized Trial of Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy and Adherence Case Management Intervention

Background. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a directly administered antiretroviral therapy program (DAART) and intensive adherence case management (IACM) intervention on virologic and immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among patients at 3 public human immunodeficiency virus clinics in Los Angeles County, California. Methods. Participants included 250 treatment-naive and treatment-experienced persons for whom no more than 1 prior HAART regimen had failed. Five days per week for 6 months, a community worker delivered 1 HAART dose to DAART participants and observed the participant take it. IACM participants met weekly with a case manager to overcome barriers to HAART adherence. A control group (the standard of care [SOC] group) received the usual care. Results. The majority of patients were Latino (64%) or African American (24%); 57% were monolingual Spanish speakers. Seventy-five percent of the patients were male, and 64% reported an annual income of !$10,000. In an intent-to-treat analysis, no statistical differences were observed in the percentage of patients with an undetectable viral load (i.e., !400 copies/mL) at 6 months between the DAART group (54%), IACM group (60%), and SOC group (54%; ). An on-treatment analysis determined that there were no statistical differences in P 1 .05 the percentage of patients with an undetectable viral load at 6 months between the DAART group (71%), IACM group (80%), and SOC group (74%; ). Additionally, there were no statistical differences in 6-month changes P 1 .05 in the CD4 + cell count or in self-reported adherence to therapy. Conclusions. Among patients with limited prior HAART experience and adherence barriers that had not been assessed before randomization, no differences were found in virologic or immunologic response for DAART or IACM, compared with SOC, at 6 months. DAART and IACM did not improve short-term outcomes when SOC included other means of adherence support that were not controlled for by the study design.
The role of serum testosterone and TBI in the in-patient rehabilitation setting.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between serum testosterone levels, age, length of stay, admission, discharge and changes in functional capacity over time among patients with traumatic brain injury treated in a rehabilitation hospital.Design: This study used a nonrandomized chart review of 54 males, consecutively admitted to a brain injury rehabilitation hospital.Methods: The charts of 54 males consecutively admitted to a brain injury rehabilitation unit between the periods of December 2004 and May 2005 were included in this study. Individuals were included in this study if they were 18 years of age or older, had suffered a traumatic brain injury, undergone admission and discharge, functional independence measure (FIM) testing and had received a serum testosterone level check within one to seven days from admission.Main outcome and results: The main outcome measure of this study was the FIM changes over time, as compared with admission testosterone levels. Low serum testosterone levels on admission...
Partial Kelly portfolios and shrinkage estimators

The log-optimal or Kelly portfolio forms the basis of a theoretically appealing investment strategy. However, it is difficult to compute, and this hinders its adoption in practice. In this paper we consider an approximate Kelly portfolio based on maximizing the expected value of a quadratic approximation to log utility. We show that this semi-log approximation gives an information-theoretic justification for portfolio selection based on either the mean-variance efficient frontier or the Sharpe ratio. We further show that there is a strong connection between estimated approximate fractional Kelly portfolios and shrinkage estimators, which leads to an optimal choice of a fractional Kelly parameter. We conclude by showing that the fractional Kelly portfolio succeeds not because of reduced risk, but because of reduced estimation error. We simulate to show that this property is largely responsible for the good empirical performance of fractional Kelly strategies.
Ectopic pancreatic tissue presenting as submucosal gastric mass.

Background: Ectopic pancreas is pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomic location without connection to the normal pancreas. We describe the presentation and minimally invasive management of four patients with ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach. Methods: Data were collected from a retrospective chart review of four patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastric pancreatic rests. Results: Four patients underwent laparoscopic resection of gastric pancreatic tissue. All patients were discharged on postoperative day 3. No complications developed. Conclusion: Laparoscopic gastric wedge resection is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic pancreatic rests located in the stomach.
Recapturing Spatial Approaches to Social Science Problems

In Geographical Sociology, Porter and Howell (2012) describe a minimal set of criteria that a spatial informed analysis should contain. Specifically they argued that spatial analysis should be spatial in …
Entre la desesperación y la esperanza: el caso de Colombia Sobre la aplicación de la estándares de reparación del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

Este articulo muestra como el sistema juridico Colombiano, y especialmente la Ley de victimas y restitucion de tierras (Ley 1448 de 2011), satisface los requerimientos de la Comision y de la Corte Inter-Americana de Derechos Humanos, para reparar a las victimas del conflicto. Sin embargo, las normas sobre reparacion pierden efectividad al momento de ser implementadas, debido a la permanencia del conflicto armado en Colombia. En particular, se estudia el caso de la reparacion de victimas a traves de la restitucion de tierras. Asi mismo, se ofrecen una serie de recomendaciones para contribuir a la resolucion de los problemas.
Putrescine uptake and release by colon cancer cells

We have investigated the uptake and release of [3H]putrescine by a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (LoVo) maintained on filter inserts. This culture system permits the cells to develop morphological polarity and provides separate access to the basolateral and apical surfaces of the cells. [3H]putrescine was taken up more readily by the basolateral than by the apical side of the cells. [3H]putrescine uptake could be stimulated greater than 300 times by either 10 mM asparagine or 10% fetal bovine serum. [3H]putrescine was accumulated to a concentration gradient of approximately 300-fold; uptake could be inhibited 50% by 7.5 microM unlabeled putrescine and was not dependent on Na+. The release of [3H]putrescine into the apical medium was inhibited by asparagine or fetal bovine serum. Usually, less than one-thousandth of the [3H]putrescine taken up into the cells was released into the apical medium. Release of [3H]putrescine did not correspond to the accumulation of [14C]-inulin in the apical medium. For these reasons we concluded that putrescine release was not simply passive leakage but was responsive to intracellular demand. The [3H]putrescine taken up by the cells as well as that released into the apical medium was greater than 90% unmetabolized at 4h.
Digital Impedance for Faradaic Analysis III . Copper Corrosion in Oxygenated

Impedance measurements have been made on copper rotating disks corroding in oxygenated 0.1N HC1. A model is developed here for the first time for the faradaic impedance of a corrosion couple consisting of an anodic dissolution reaction dominated by convective diffusion and a cathodic reaction under kinetic control. The model was found to be obeyed for all values of disk rotation rate, oxygen concentration, and voltage excitation frequency. The corrosion rate was found to depend on oxygen concentration to the 2/3 power, and on rotation rate to the 1/6 power.
A Theoretical Analysis of Bargaining and Interstate Water Compacts

Freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce across the globe, leading to conflict over property rights for existing freshwater resources. One realization of such conflict is found in the allocation among states of interstate rivers in the United States. While interstate water markets seem like the natural solution to such allocation problems, they are rare and, property rights needed to achieve efficient market outcomes must first be well-defined through negotiated agreements, Interstate River (or Water) Compacts. To date, the process through which these compact agreements are reached has not been studied from an economics perspective. Using a sequential-offer bargaining model based on the work of Krishna and Serrano (1996) with an uncertain outside option, this paper analyzes the negotiation of interstate compacts, and compares the equilibrium allocation of a compact to a set of conditions that characterize a proposed optimal allocation. The primary result of my theoretical model is that compact allocations will tend to favor equitable allocations over- efficient allocations, over-allocating water to relatively low-value and less risk averse states at the expense of higher-value states and more risk averse states. I assess two possible policy solutions to improve the efficiency of interstate compacts.
Saw Palmetto for Symptom Management During Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Context Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) affect 75%–80% of men undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer. Objectives To determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and preliminary efficacy of Serenoa repens commonly known as saw palmetto (SP) for management of LUTS during RT for prostate cancer. Methods The dose finding phase used the time-to-event continual reassessment method to evaluate safety of three doses (320, 640, and 960 mg) of SP. Dose-limiting toxicities were assessed for 22 weeks using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events for nausea, gastritis, and anorexia. The exploratory randomized controlled trial phase assessed preliminary efficacy of the MTD against placebo. The primary outcome of LUTS was measured over 22 weeks using the International Prostate Symptom Score. Additional longitudinal assessments included quality of life measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Prostate. Results The dose finding phase was completed by 27 men who reported no dose-limiting toxicities and with 20 participants at the MTD of 960 mg daily. The exploratory randomized controlled trial phase included 21 men, and no statistically significant differences in the International Prostate Symptom Score were observed. The prostate-specific concerns score of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Prostate improved in the SP group (P = 0.03). Of 11 men in the placebo group, two received physician-prescribed medications to manage LUTS compared with none of the 10 men in the SP group. Conclusion SP at 960 mg may be a safe herbal supplement, but its efficacy in managing LUTS during RT needs further investigation.
Recent Advances in Computational Materials Science and Engineering

Theories of phase equilibrium have been successfully used to characterize the main contributions to alloy phase stability, the interpretation of complex and extensive experimental data and, in some instances, the prediction of metastable phases. At present, there is increased interest in the application of microscopic quantum theory in order to produce a reliable description of phase equilibrium and, in particular, phase diagrams. Here we discuss a first-principles statistical mechanics theory of alloy phase stability which incorporates the calculation of electronic total energies in the local density approximation, configurational entropies and vibrational modes into the total free energy of disordered systems and intermetallic compounds. Applications of the theory to the binary Ni-Al and ternary Ni-Al-Ti systems are given using the Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital method for the total energy calculations, the Cluster Variation method for the description of the configurational entropy, and the Debye-Gruneisen approximation for the vibrational modes.
Etiological analysis of influenza surveillance in Xingtai from 2011 to 2013

Objective To investigate the epidemiological tendency,strain types and etiologic characteristics of influenza in Xingtai from 2011 to 2013,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Throat swabs of influenza- like illness( ILI) cases were collected. The nucleic acid of influenza viruses was detected by real- time polymerase chain reaction( RT- PCR). Results 2 144 throat swab specimens were collected from January,2011 to December,2013,among which 211 cases were positive for nucleic acid,with the positive rate of 9. 84%,including 127 cases of influenza A( 5. 92%) and 84 cases of influenza B( 3. 91%). 127 cases of influenza A were classified into 58 cases of new H1N1( 2. 70%),68 cases of H3( 3. 17%) and 1 case of unclassified influenza A( 0. 05%). The positive rate differences of virus among different age groups had statistical significance( χ2= 13. 703,P 0. 01). The highest positive rate( 14. 00%) was in the age group of five years old. Conclusion The dominant influenza virus strain was influenza A( H3) in 2011,influenza B in2012,and new influenza A( H1N1) in 2013. And they became dominant influenza virus alternately each year. Influenza reaches the peak form January to February each year in Xingtai. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance so as to further prevent and control influenza and know the trends of the epidemic in time.
Probability and Operators in Quantum Mechanics

This chapter contains a discussion of the role played by probability in the foundations of quantum mechanics and an introduction to the role it plays in quantum statistical mechanics.
Evidence for tonic activity of enkephalins in brain and development of systemically active analogues with clinical potential

The origin and physiological role of the various brain endorphins (Hughes, 1975; Terenius and Wahlstrom, 1975; Goldstein, 1975) remains an intriguing question. In particular, the elucidation of the source, manner of synthesis and specific functions of the brain pentapeptides, [Met5]-enkephalin and [Leu5]-enkephalin, provides an exciting challenge to investigators in the field. There is considerable evidence that these endogenous brain peptides are neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in various brain areas (see for example, Frederickson, 1977). They are present in these areas together with stereospecific receptors and immunohistochemical studies have shown that they are localized in nerve terminals and cell bodies. They affect the firing rate of neurons in these particular brain areas by an action on specific receptors and there is a highly effective system in brain for their inactivation.
Long-term outcome for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: A report of two cases

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare aggressive vascular tumor of skin and deep soft tissues that typically presents in infancy and may be associated with a potentially life-threatening coagulopathy known as Kasabach-Merrit phenomenon (KMP). Recent advances in medical therapy have successfully treated many patients. However, our knowledge regarding the natural history of these lesions and optimum surveillance strategies remains rudimentary. We report two young women who had KHE with KMP treated in infancy and presented in adolescence with comorbidities related to their KHE tumor. This presentation supports the need for long-term surveillance in these patients.
Representations as Sums of Three Squares

As already remarked in Chapter 3, it is easy to verify the “only if” part of Legendre’s Theorem 3.1, which we recall here in its complete form.
Role of LPS-elicited signaling in triggering gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori: modulatory effect of ghrelin

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a primary culprit in the etiology of gastric disease, and its cell-wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is recognized as a potent endotoxin responsible for triggering a pattern of the mucosal inflammatory responses. The engagement by the LPS of gastric mucosal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) leads to initiation of signal transduction events characterized by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, induction of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, and up-regulation in Src/Akt. These signaling events in turn exert their influence over H. pylori-elicited excessive generation of NO and PGE2 caused by the disturbances in nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase isozyme systems, increase in epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation, and the induction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) release. Interestingly, the extent of gastric mucosal inflammatory response to H. pylori is influenced by a peptide hormone, ghrelin, the action of which relays on the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a)-mediated mobilization of G-protein dependent transduction pathways. Yet, the signals triggered by TLR-4 activation as well as those arising through GHS-R1a stimulation converge at MAPK and PLC/PKC/PI3K pathways that form a key integration node for proinflammatory signals generated by H. pylori LPS as well as for those involved in modulation of inflammation by ghrelin. Hence, therapeutic targeting these signals' convergence and integration node could provide a novel and attractive opportunities for developing more effective treatments of H. pylori-related gastric disease.
The importance of cell signalling - integrins and growth factors - in bone tissue engineering: applications for the treatment of osteosarcoma

The importance of cell signalling integrins and growth factors in bone tissue engineering applications for the treatment of osteosarcoma
Urban Politics as the Unfolding of Social Relations in Place: The Case of Sexually Transmitted Disease Investigation in Mid‐Twentieth‐Century Gay Seattle

Abstract: Recent debates in urban politics stress the need to broaden conceptions of what counts as urban politics, as well as of where they take place. This means shifting attention to include more quotidian and prosaic social relations, including those taking place in spaces of civil society. We answer this call with a case study of the relations between an emerging gay male community in mid‐twentieth‐century Seattle, USA and the local public health department’s disease investigators (DIs). We focus on both the biopolitics and cultural politics of the investigation process, from the perspectives of both DIs and gay men. We point out certain tensions and paradoxes in these processes as a form of governmentality, and interpret them through a ‘noir’ cultural lens that is consistent with a notion of urban politics as the unfolding of social relations in place. We conclude by stressing how our findings and framework can augment urban political inquiry both intellectually and empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Response by Brass and Hiatt to Letter Regarding Article, "Aspirin Monotherapy Should Not Be Recommended for Cardioprotection in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease".

Samir Henni et al further enumerate the complexities in formulating a recommendation for antiplatelet therapy in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. We agree that monitoring of residual platelet activity is of great interest, but heterogeneity in methodologies and trial results, and cost considerations, …
Primary management of atypical meningioma: treatment patterns and survival outcomes by patient age.

The initial management of atypical meningiomas poses a distinct clinical challenge in that treatment protocols have not been fully established, and outcomes, especially differences by patient age, have not been broadly measured. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) allows for analysis of a large, diverse patient population to determine clinical parameters and survival outcomes based on the initial treatment of patients with atypical meningiomas. Analysis of the NCDB yielded 3611 atypical meningioma patients treated between 2008 and 2012. Principal treatment paradigms included surgery with or without radiation. Survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves stratified by age at diagnosis for each treatment paradigm. Subset analysis was performed for socio-economic factors. Overall 5-year survival rate was 77.6% and declined with increasing patient age (p 75 years (p 75 years (p 75 years, while patients between 55 and 75 years tended to have slightly improved survival with surgery alone. Though surgery remains the standard of care in the primary treatment of atypical meningioma, the decision to administer radiation post-operatively has remained controversial.
Los Trionfi en España: la poética petrarquista, la teoría de la traducción y la lengua vernácula en el siglo XVI

The sixteenth-century translations of Petrarch’s Trionfi into Castilian offer a means of gauging the changing attitudes toward Petrarch’s poetics, translation and the vernacular language. Despite their cancionero style, the first translations of the Trionfi by Antonio de Obregon in 1512 and of the Trionfo d’amore by Alvar Gomez confirm the receptivity of Spanish culture to the development of Spanish Renaissance poetics, yet demonstrate the difficulties of translating ad sensum into a different poetic from. Bases on the apparently contradictory double purpose of the humanist translator as fidus and interpret, Hermando de Hozes’s 1554 translation in Italianate terse Rina rhyme scheme successfully appropriates the Petrarchan lyric, conveying the sense of the original while proclaiming the autonomy ambition primacy of the Castilian vernacular.
Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluid Water

The engineers of remotest antiquity provided water for their cities. In the Middle Ages the use of water mills flourished in Europe. In these activities practical knowledge of the properties of water—density, volatility, and viscosity—preceded the development of scientific understanding. Similarly, Watt patented the condenser, making the steam engine practical, in 1769, before the discovery of the compound nature of water, shown by Cavendish in 1781, and well before the development of thermodynamics in the nineteenth century.
On Material Changes and Heating Rate Dependent Properties

The fact that material properties may be altered by temperature cycling has been known since antiquity and has long been employed usefully - especially in hardening of materials. The presence of such changes implies that the values obtained upon testing may depend on time-temperature history of the material. Thus, increased use of techniques capable of obtaining data on small samples over a large temperature range rapidly or of reaching and holding a prescribed temperature almost instantaneously opens the possibility of studying time-temperature changes on physical properties. In addition, the use of techniques employing high heating rates may make it possible either to observe or not observe the effects on thermophysical properties of certain processes. This is of increased interest to technology since high heating rates are being experienced in present day applications. Of particular interest to the thermophysics community is the meaning and usefulness of thermal diffusivity-conductivity data and their interrelationship for changing systems.
Future Directions in Mixed-Signal Design Automation

The goal of embedded system design is to develop customized hardware and software for an embedded application, so that the functional, cost, and performance needs of the application are met.This chapter introduces some of the current challenges related to design automation for analog and mixed-signal systems, as advanced topics. The topics include high-level specification of analog and mixed-signal systems, a simulation method for fast performance estimation and high-level synthesis of analog subsystems.
A Probabilistic Approach for Heart Rate Variability Analysis Using Explicit Duration Hidden Markov Models

Monitoring of the temporal dynamics of the beat-to-beat intervals offers a non-invasive method for assessing autonomous nervous system activity. Recently it became feasible to continuously monitor cardiac activity through the pulse wave signal collected using wrist based sensors employing photoplethysmography (PPG). However, wearable sensor data collected in ambulatory setting is full of motion artifacts, baseline drift, and noise. New computational techniques are required to make reliable high level inferences from wearable sensor data. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic method for computing heart rate variability indices from noisy PPG sensor data collected in the natural environment. We model the joint distribution of beat labels and sensor data using an Explicit Duration Hidden Markov Model (EDHMM) and sample likely beat sequences from the posterior distribution conditioned on measured sensor data. Beat sequences produced by the EDHMM sampler can be used to calculate posterior distribution of arbitrary heart rate variability indices to form Bayesian estimates. Experimental validation with IEEE Signal Processing Cup data shows that our proposed framework can outperform state-of-the art methods in PPG signal analysis in continuous heart rate estimation.
On constant multi-commodity flow-cut gaps for families of directed minor-free graphs

The multi-commodity flow-cut gap is a fundamental parameter that affects the performance of several divide & conquer algorithms, and has been extensively studied for various classes of undirected graphs. It has been shown by Linial, London and Rabinovich [15] and by Aumann and Rabani [3] that for general n-vertex graphs it is bounded by O(log n) and the Gupta-Newman-Rabinovich-Sinclair conjecture [9] asserts that it is O(1) for any family of graphs that excludes some fixed minor.The flow-cut gap is poorly understood for the case of directed graphs. We show that for uniform demands it is O(1) on directed series-parallel graphs, and on directed graphs of bounded pathwidth. These are the first constant upper bounds of this type for some non-trivial family of directed graphs. We also obtain O(1) upper bounds for the general multi-commodity flow-cut gap on directed trees and cycles. These bounds are obtained via new embeddings and Lipschitz quasipartitions for quasimetric spaces, which generalize analogous results form the metric case, and could be of independent interest. Finally, we discuss limitations of methods that were developed for undirected graphs, such as random partitions, and random embeddings.
Use of Cangrelor as a Bridge to Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with a Recent Drug-Eluting Stent Who Developed Acute Tirofiban-Related Thrombocytopenia.

Current guidelines emphasize the need for at least 6-12 months of oral dual antiplatelet therapy consisting of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor following drug-eluting coronary artery stent implantation. In patients with recently implanted coronary artery stents who require urgent cardiac or noncardiac surgery, the benefits of maintaining oral dual antiplatelet therapy must be carefully weighed against the risks of excessive bleeding, and current practice is largely guided by individual surgeon preferences. When the effects of a second oral antiplatelet agent are undesirable during the perioperative period, the use of a short-acting intravenous antiplatelet agent as "bridge" therapy that can be discontinued shortly before surgery is associated with a reduced occurrence of adverse clinical events in patients with recently implanted coronary stents requiring urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Cangrelor is an intravenous adenosine triphosphate analog P2Y12 receptor antagonist with a short plasma half-life that has been used off label in patients with recent coronary stents as a bridge to invasive procedures with excessive bleeding risk. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate the safe and effective use of cangrelor as a bridge to left ventricular assist device implantation in a patient with a recently implanted drug-eluting coronary artery stent who developed acute thrombocytopenia following reexposure to tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor.
Avoiding the Unhappy Patient by Building Rapport in the Internet Age.

The dynamics of the doctor–patient relationship has been complicated as more patients seem to expect perfection in this age of selfies and Internet postings. The preoperative patient interview is critical to recognize both body language clues and subtle but apparent red flags to avoid rhinoplasty on potentially unhappy patients. This interview should include routine use of a body dysmorphic disorder screening questionnaire since legions of these patients are undiagnosed prior to surgery and few, if any, are ever satisfied with even an excellent surgical result. These patients need diagnosis and psychological intervention—not surgery. Rapport is critical to patient and surgeon's satisfaction; therefore, it is valuable to practice the ABC's of rapport building: 1) active listening, (2) positive body language, and (3) candor.
A role for glutathione in reactions between oxidants and proteins

This report presents a study of the reaction of carbonic anhydrase III, a cytosolic protein which contains two reactive cysteine residues, with two oxidants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the peroxyradical generator 2,2*-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH). The role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in these reactions was explored. Carbonic anhydrase III reacts with both oxidants, producing irreversibly oxidized cysteine residues in the absence of GSH. In the presence of low concentrations of GSH (approximately equimolar to protein thiol concentrations) irreversible oxidation of carbonic anhydrase III is prevented and S-glutathiolation is observed. Thus, S-glutathiolation blocks sulfhydryl oxidation, preventing irreversible damage. Equivalent concentrations of glutathione disulHde (GSSG) do not produce signiflcant S-glutathiolation. These experiments suggest that a variety of oxidants including H202 and peroxyradicals cause S-glutathiolation by a mechanism that involves a direct oxidation of a protein sulfhydryl and subsequent reaction
Classification as Catachresis: Double Binds of Representing Difference with Semiotic Infrastructure

Background This article explores the results of a three-year ethnographic study of how semiotic infrastructures—or digital standards and frameworks such as taxonomies, schemas, and ontologies that encode the meaning of data—are designed. Analysis It examines debates over best practices in semiotic infrastructure design, such as how much complexity adopted languages should characterize versus how restrictive they should be. It also discusses political and pragmatic considerations that impact what and how information is represented in an information system.Conclusion and implications This article suggests that all databased representations are forms of data power, and that examining semiotic infrastructure design provides insight into how culturally informed conceptions of difference structure how we access knowledge about our social and material worlds.Contexte Cet article explore les resultats d’une etude ethnographique ayant dure trois ans sur la maniere de concevoir les infrastructures semiotiques, c’est-a-dire les normes et cadres numeriques tels les taxonomies, schemas et ontologies qui donnent un sens aux donnees.Analyse L’article examine les debats sur les meilleures pratiques dans la conception des infrastructures semiotiques, tels que le niveau de complexite qu’un langage adopte devrait demontrer par rapport a son caractere restrictif. Il rend compte aussi de considerations politiques et pragmatiques ayant un impact sur le choix d’informations representees dans un systeme d’information et la maniere de les representer.Conclusion et implications Cet article suggere que toute representation dans une base de donnees est une utilisation de donnees a des fins de pouvoir, et que l’examen de la maniere dont les infrastructures semiotiques sont concues peut nous aider a mieux comprendre comment les notions de difference informees culturellement structurent la facon dont nous apprehendons les connaissances de nos univers sociaux et materiaux.
Multi-way Graph Signal Processing on Tensors: Integrative analysis of irregular geometries

Graph signal processing (GSP) is an important methodology for studying data residing on irregular structures. As acquired data is increasingly taking the form of multi-way tensors, new signal processing tools are needed to maximally utilize the multi-way structure within the data. In this paper, we review modern signal processing frameworks generalizing GSP to multi-way data, starting from graph signals coupled to familiar regular axes such as time in sensor networks, and then extending to general graphs across all tensor modes. This widely applicable paradigm motivates reformulating and improving upon classical problems and approaches to creatively address the challenges in tensor-based data. We synthesize common themes arising from current efforts to combine GSP with tensor analysis and highlight future directions in extending GSP to the multi-way paradigm.
The Role of Two-Component Systems in Ethylene Perception

Ethylene receptors from Arabidopsis contain domains with similarity to the two-component signal transduction systems originally identified in bacteria. The ETR1 ethylene receptor, for example, has both histidine kinase and response regulator domains. We are interested in how the two-component system has been adapted for signal transduction in eukaryotes and, more specifically, ethylene signal transduction in plants. In order to biochemically characterize the histidine kinase domain of ETR1, this portion of the protein was transgenically expressed in yeast. Auto-phosphorylation was observed upon incubation with radiolabeled ATP. Based on the acid/base stability of the phospho-amino acid and site-directed mutagenesis, ETR1 was demonstrated to contain histidine kinase activity. In addition to its enzymatic function, the histidine kinase domain of ETR1 bound CTR1, a Raf-like protein kinase that acts in the ethylene signal transduction pathway. This interaction occurred in ETR1 mutants that lacked residues required for histidine kinase activity. These data suggest that the histidine kinase domain of ETR1 performs both an enzymatic and a physical role in ethylene signal transduction.