cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Provenance signature of changing plate boundary conditions along a convergent margin: Detrital record of spreading-ridge and flat-slab subduction processes, Cenozoic forearc basins, Alaska

Cenozoic strata from forearc basins in southern Alaska record deposition related to two different types of shallow subduction: Paleocene–Eocene spreading-ridge subduction and Oligocene–Recent oceanic plateau subduction. We use detrital zircon geochronology (n = 1368) and clast composition of conglomerate (n = 1068) to reconstruct the upper plate response to these two subduction events as recorded in forearc basin strata and modern river sediment. Following spreading-ridge subduction, the presence of Precambrian and Paleozoic detrital zircon ages in middle Eocene–lower Miocene arc-margin strata and Early Cretaceous ages in lower Miocene accretionary prism–margin strata indicates that sediment was transported to the basin from older terranes in interior Alaska and from the exhumed eastern part of the Cretaceous forearc system, respectively. By middle-late Miocene time, diminished abundances of these populations reflect shallow subduction of an oceanic plateau and associated exhumation that resulted in an overall contraction of the catchment area for the forearc depositional system. In the southern Alaska forearc basin system, upper plate processes associated with subduction of a spreading ridge resulted in an abrupt increase in the diversity of detrital zircon ages that reflect new sediment sources from far inboard regions. The detrital zircon signatures from strata deposited during oceanic plateau subduction record exhumation of the region above the flat slab, with the youngest detrital zircon population reflecting the last period of major arc activity prior to insertion of the flat slab. This study provides a foundation for new tectonic and provenance models of forearc basins that have been modified by shallow subduction processes, and may help to facilitate the use of U-Pb dating of detrital zircons to better understand basins that formed under changing geodynamic plate boundary conditions.
Stages of Design in Technology for Global Development

The battle against poverty is a continual engagement with humility-especially for technologists. In the area of research known as information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D), engineers work with social scientists to develop novel solutions to the challenges faced by the world's poorest communities. In most cases, these challenges can't be met simply by providing a useful technology. Although it's easy to specify the technical requirements to set up a PC with Internet access in a slum or a remote agrarian village, what it takes for technology to meaningfully impact a poor migrant worker or rural farmer is an altogether different problem that requires considerations of local economy, cultural norms, and stakeholder needs. The Technology for Emerging Markets (TEM) group at Microsoft Research India (http://research.microsoft.com/research/tem) in Bangalore faces these kinds of problems every day. The solutions, however, rarely come easily and require extensive time in the field, honesty about what does and doesn't work, and a willingness to accept technically simple solutions.
PRIVACY LEAKAGE IN HEALTH SOCIAL NETWORKS

Members of health social networks may be susceptible to privacy leaks by the amount of information they leave behind. The threat to privacy increases when members of these networks reuse their pseudonyms in other social networks. The risk of re-identifying users from such networks requires quantitative estimates to evaluate its magnitude. The estimates will enable managers and members of health social communities to take corrective measures. We introduce a new re-identification attack, the social network attack, that takes advantage of the fact that users reuse their pseudonyms. To demonstrate the attack, we establish links between MedHelp and Twitter two popular social networks based on matching pseudonyms. We used Bayesian networks to model the re-identification risk and used stylometric techniques to identify the strength of the links. On the basis of our model 7-11. 8% of the MedHelp members in the sample population who reused their pseudonyms in Twitter were re-identifiable compared with 1% who did not. The risk estimates were measured at the 5% risk threshold. Our model was able to re-identify users with a sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 96%. The potential for re-identification increases as more data is accumulated from these profiles, which makes the threat of re-identification more serious.
Slowing down Internet worms

An Internet worm automatically replicates itself to vulnerable systems and may infect hundreds of thousands of servers across the Internet. It is conceivable that the cyber-terrorists may use a wide-spread worm to cause major disruption to our Internet economy. While much recent research concentrates on propagation models, the defense against worms is largely an open problem. We propose a distributed antiworm architecture (DAW) that automatically slows down or even halts the worm propagation. New defense techniques are developed based on behavioral difference between normal hosts and worm-infected hosts. Particularly, a worm-infected host has a much higher connection-failure rate when it scans the Internet with randomly selected addresses. This property allows DAW to set the worms apart from the normal hosts. We propose a temporal rate-limit algorithm and a spatial rate-limit algorithm, which makes the speed of worm propagation configurable by the parameters of the defense system. DAW is designed for an Internet service provider to provide the anti-worm service to its customers. The effectiveness of the new techniques is evaluated analytically and by simulations.
Model-based system for automatic target recognition

An experimental model-based automatic target recognition (ATR) system, XTRS, for recognizing 3-D vehicles in real or synthetic, groundbased or airborne, 2-D laser-radar range and intensity images is discussed. The key to recognition is a new generic matching engine that compares image events (e.g., silhouettes) and their constituent primitives to some appearance-model (AM) hierarchy, which describes how 3-D--possibly articulated--objects appear in the imagery. The authors describe each of the system's components; i.e., the even characterization (for extracting events from images and decomposing the events into primitives), the models, the matching, and the control. XTRS may also perform low-level information fusion by constructing feature-indicating interest images and combining them into an overall interest image used for locating an event. Examples of processing and performance results are given for real CO2 groundbased laser-radar imagery. The authors also report on a performance evaluation of XTRS based on synthetic data where importance parameters (e.g., range to target) are systematically varied. Overall, more than 1500 range and intensity image pairs have been used throughout XTRS's development.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Integrating magnetics for on-chip power: Challenges and opportunities

Integration of efficient power converters requires a technology for efficient, high-power on-chip inductors. The state of the art is reviewed, and possible future developments are discussed for both air-core and magnetic-core inductors. Performance limits and scaling are analyzed. General design possibilities are outlined and different approaches are compared. Magnetic materials are reviewed, and nano-granular composite materials are highlighted as an attractive option.
Liposomes in Drug Delivery

Liposomes, phospholipid bubbles with a bilayered membrane structure, are considered as promising pharmaceutical carriers for different applications. Currently, liposomes are used experimentally and clinically to deliver various pharmaceuticals including drugs and diagnostic agents as well as genes and related products. Research in the field of liposomes aims now at the development of various liposome-based multifunctional nanopreparations for therapy and diagnostics or for both simultaneously (theranostics). This chapter briefly addresses the basic properties of liposomes as drug delivery systems and the development and current status of some liposomal products.
Race, Coping Style, and Substance Use Disorder Among Non-Hispanic African American and White Young Adults in South Florida

Background: Despite their higher rates of stress, African American young adults tend toward similar or lower rates of substance misuse than their White counterparts. Arguably, such patterns derive from: (1) racial variations in the availability of coping strategies that mitigate stress; and/or (2) racial differences in the efficacy of available coping styles for reducing substance misuse. Objectives: We assessed whether two coping style types—problem-focused and avoidance-oriented—varied by race (non-Hispanic African American vs. non-Hispanic White) and whether the effects of coping styles on substance misuse were moderated by race. Methods: Using data from a community sample of South Florida young adults, we employed logistic regression analyses to examine racial differences in coping style and to test if race by coping style interactions (race × problem-focused coping and race × avoidance-oriented coping) influenced the odds of qualifying for a DSM-IV substance use disorder, net of lifetime stressful ev...
The Relaxin-Like Factor

Testicular Leydig cells contain the message for a protein of the insulin/relaxin-like family which, in the heat of discovery, was called the Leydig insulin-like peptide (LEY I-L)1 or INSL3, corresponding to the chromosomal location of the human gene.2 The authors felt that this was a Leydig cell specific message and predicted an insulin-like character for the gene product.1 Upon close scrutiny one will notice that the critical position in the A chain-loop, which decides between insulin or relaxin-like conformations, was occupied by glycine (relaxin configuration) instead of isoleucine (insulin configuration). Furthermore, the cDNA sequence of the B-chain also showed more relaxin-like characteristics, in particular the binding-site sequence RXXXR which occurred four residues further toward the C-terminal end of the molecule (Fig. 16.1). This meant a displacement of exactly one helix turn with the arginines still projecting essentially away from the core as they do in relaxin. All this was enough reason to synthesize the molecule according to the cDNA sequence and to study its physicochemical and biological properties. Within a month this new factor was synthesized and measurements of circular dichroism as a function of wavelength showed a conformation very similar to that of porcine relaxin.3 A tracer was produced by direct iodination of a synthetic precursor as given below.
Writing and Running Functions

Most of us who have played around with AutoLISP have encountered defun, the subr we use to write our own functions. But there’s much more to writing functions than just learning how to use this subr.
The use of cation-cation and anion-anion bonds to augment the bond-valence model

The bond-valence model has, for several decades, been widely used for creating quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), crystal structure modeling, and verification of proposed structures. Certain limitations of the model, such as the neglect of interactions between cations and between anions, have prevented it from being more broadly applied. In this work, we use cation-cation and anion-anion bonds to augment the existing bonding model in the systems H-Al-Si-O and K-Al-Si-O. The bond valence-length curves for these interactions employ the same mathematical form as ionic bonds, but make only a small contribution to the overall bonding in ionic materials. In the systems examined here, oxygen-oxygen interactions were much more important than those between cations for producing accurate bond-valence sums. Both anion-anion and cation-cation bonding could prove important, however, for our ultimate goal of producing valence-based force fields for use in molecular dynamics simulations. Rolling these interactions into the bond-valence framework would produce behavior similar to hard-sphere repulsive or van der Waals terms, but would more flexibly account for the complete bonding environment. The overall improvement in valence sums was robust, was maintained outside the calibration set, and was invariant to elemental substitution. We conclude that this minor alteration of the bond-valence approach will significantly improve bond-valence models in conjunction with other recent extensions of the approach.
Периодические автоколеБания потенциала покрытия во время его осаждения методом автокаталитического восстановления

Во врсмя осаждения Cu−Cd сплава методом химическовосстановления с помощью формальдегида наблюдаются колебания потенциала металла с периодом з 0,2–10 мин. и амплитудой до ∼190 мВ. Колебания рассматриваются на основе электрохимических представлений о химическом осаждении металлов и связываются с пассивирующим действием на каталитический процесс.
Relationship Between Advertising and Aging Americans: A Content Analysis

Advertising may change over time in an attempt to appeal to or influence the marketplace. This study looks at the changes in the population distribution in America, specifically, the 55 years and older group, and advertising directed toward this group. The implication is that in one company’s case the advertising content changes to include the elderly segment.
Personality factors in the reactions of child-care workers to emotionally disturbed children.

(1963). Personality Factors in the Reactions of Child-Care Workers to Emotionally Disturbed Children. Psychiatry: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 257-265.
Scramjet Combustion Efficiency Measurement via Tomographic Absorption Spectroscopy and Particle Image Velocimetry

The combustion efficiency of a scramjet is a metric that evaluates the overall performance of the engine. Until recently, combustion efficiency was measured using indirect approaches such as a one-dimensional control volume calculation or a calorimeter and wall pressure tap measurements. A novel nonintrusive direct approach for the measurement of combustion efficiency is presented that combines the optical diagnostic techniques tunable diode laser absorption tomography and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Experimental results are presented for measurements of the University of Virginia’s Supersonic Combustion Facility in both the scram and ram-modes of operation. The tunable-diode-laser-absorption-tomography/stereoscopic-particle-image-velocimetry method directly measures the converted hydrogen (via water vapor) mass flow rate exiting the dual-mode scramjet and compares this to the facility-measured injected hydrogen fuel mass flow rate. A complementary computational fluid dynamics study was perfo...
Clinical Reasoning: An 87-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute encephalopathy.

An 87-year-old man with diastolic heart failure, coronary artery disease, TIAs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, aplastic anemia, and benign prostatic hypertrophy with chronic indwelling catheter was transferred to the neurocritical care unit for acute encephalopathy. The patient initially presented to an outside facility with progressive lethargy evolving over 12 hours from a fully functional baseline. At the outside hospital, he was febrile (103.7°F) and hypotensive (62/40 mm Hg), without leukocytosis (white count 5.6 K/μL) but with urinalysis demonstrating evidence of infection. Empiric IV vancomycin and cefepime were started. CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis was unrevealing of an infectious source. MRI of the brain was also unremarkable. His mental status declined further over the following 4 days, prompting an EEG that revealed generalized periodic discharges (GPDs). The patient was treated with levetiracetam and transferred to our hospital out of concern for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). Upon arrival to the neurocritical care unit, physical examination revealed persistent hypotension (79/44 mm Hg) that responded well to IV fluids without vasopressors and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 with eyes opening to noxious stimulus only. He was mumbling unintelligible words and withdrew all 4 limbs antigravity to pain.
RF noise modelling with PSP

In this presentation we will focus on the two main sources of noise in CMOS devices which are of interest for RF circuit, design: flicker noise and thermal noise.
Disappointing Outcomes of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

The role of high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is poorly defined. Comparisons of outcomes between PTCL and B-cell NHL following HDT have yielded conflicting results, in part due to the rarity and heterogeneity of PTCL. Older retrospective studies found comparable survival rates after ASCT for pts with T-cell and B-cell NHL.[1][1],[2][2] In this study, we report our single center experience over one decade using a uniform high-dose regimen for patients with PTCL. Patients and Methods The transplant database of the BMT program at Cleveland Clinic was reviewed, and 32 patients undergoing ASCT for PTCL between 1996 and 2005 were identified. Twenty-one patients (66%) had anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and 11 (34%) had peripheral T cell, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Patient characteristics are summarized in table 1. Stem cell mobilization with VP16 and GCSF priming provided a median CD34 cell dose of 5.01× 106/kg (range 2.05–29.69). Patients received a preparative regimen consisting of busulfan (either 1 mg/kg orally or 0.8mg/kg IV for 14 doses), followed by VP16 60 mg/kg IV continuous infusion, then cyclophosphamide 60mg/m2 IV daily for two days. Standard supportive care measures were employed. Results Recovery to 500 neutrophils/uL occurred at a median of 10 days post transplant (range 9–12 days) and platelet recovery to 20 000 at a median of 14 (range 7–60) days. Kaplan-Meier 5 year overall survival and relapse-free survival for all patients is 34% and 18%, respectively; median survival for all patients is 36 months (see figure 1). Median follow-up of 10 survivors is 25 months. No obvious plateau was observed on the overall or relapse fee survival curves. No significant difference in outcomes based on subgroup (ALCL versus PTCL-NOS) was observed. Staining for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was available for 11 (of 21 total) anaplastic T cell lymphoma patients: 4/5 ALK-positive patients are alive compared to 2/6 ALK-negative patients at last follow-up. Four of five patients undergoing ASCT as consolidation following initial therapy are alive at a median 25 months. Based on this small patient population, and in contrast to some recent studies, our results suggest a poor outcome for patients with PTCL after ASCT. The outcome for pts undergoing ASCT in first remission, and for ALK-positive (versus ALK-negative) ALCL, requires prospective investigation. | Characteristic | N (%) | |:------------------------------:| ---------- | | ALCL | 21 (66) | | PTCL NOS | 11 (34) | | Male | 21 (66) | | Age: median(range) | 44 (16-69) | | 2 prior chemo regimens | 22 (69) | | 3 or more prior chemo regimens | 7 (22) | | Transplant in first remission | 5 (16) | | Relapsed/Refractory | 25 (78) | Table 1: Patient Characteristics ![Figure][3] Figure [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: pending:yes
Mentoring and Work Engagement for Female Accounting, Faculty Members in Higher Education

Women have comprised the majority of accounting graduates with bachelor and master degrees since the 1980s and 1990s, respectively, but currently only account for about 30% of doctoral students. Their representation in the accounting professoriate is essentially the same. Supportive strategies, such as mentoring, assist disciplines in which women are under-represented in attracting and retaining them in the work environment. Work engagement is one measure of a person’s commitment to their current employer. Therefore, understanding which aspects of mentoring increase the level of work engagement of those women currently in academia is important and can guide institutions in developing mentoring programs. In my study, I investigated factors that predict work engagement for female accounting professors.
Equine Dental Pulp Connective Tissue Particles Reduced Lameness in Horses in a Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective—To assess if injection of allogeneic dental pulp tissue particles would improve lameness in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA) or soft tissue injury (ST). Design—Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial and client survey assessment. Animals—40 lame client-owned horses. Procedures— Sterile dental pulp, recovered from otherwise healthy foals that perish during dystocia, was processed under GMP to produce mechanically manipulated, unexpanded pulp tissue particles containing viable cells surrounded in extracellular matrix. Forty lame client-owned horses with confirmed OA (n=20), or ST injury (desmitis or tendonitis) received a 2 ml intra-articular (n=20 OA) or intra-lesional (n=20) injection of control transport vehicle (n=20) or 10 x 106 dental pulp tissue particles (n=20). Acclimatized horses had baseline measurements performed, and were then injected on Day 0. Horses were treadmill exercised for 2 weeks, evaluated by clinical parameters, lameness score, edema (score and circumference), pain on flexion (OA) or pressure (ST), and clients’ scores for pain and discomfort before and through 45 days after pulp injection. Twenty horses were available for > 2.5 year follow-up. Results— Pulp-treated horses showed decrease in lameness compared to baseline (P2.5 year follow-up, at least 10 horses were in work. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance— Dental pulp tissue particles can be considered as a treatment option for equine lameness due to OA, desmitis or tendonitis.
Sensitivity Studies and Experimental Evaluation for Optimizing Transcurium Isotope Production

AbstractThis work applies to recent initiatives at the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to optimize the production of transcurium isotopes in the High F...
How Do We Measure the Cost of Whole-Organism Performance Traits?

SYNOPSIS Whole-organism performance traits, such as maximal speed and endurance capacity are undoubtedly costly, but we know little about how or when all of the costs associated with performance are paid to individuals or how to measure them. To understand how performance traits might be involved in trade-offs with other life-history traits it is critical to determine the development, production, and maintenance costs of performance traits, as well as how each of these changes with increased or decreased use of the performance trait. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several potential phenotypic measures of dynamic whole-organism performance that may be used in life-history studies, including direct performance measures; metabolic rates; ecological cost of transport; and changes in metabolic rate after training. We use the first approach, direct performance measures, to show trade-offs between endurance capacity and several traditional life history variables in phrynosomatid lizards. The largest problem currently in determining the costs of performance traits and how those costs might lead to life-history trade-offs is that there are estimates of performance costs in very few taxa, and when there are, those species typically are not studied with respect to "traditional" life-history traits.
Complementary Representations of the Care of the Self in the Gospel of Mary and the Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicity

This chapter highlights the way that two ancient texts of early Christ groups represent women in terms of the care of the self. The Gospel of Mary portrays its main character as an unwavering figure who functions as a strong leader. She engages in parrhēsia, or frank speech, a practice related to self-care. Mary also describes an “ascent of the soul” that may be related to the care of the self. The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicity depicts Perpetua similarly. Both are courageous women who transgress norms of social deference. Perpetua speaks up boldly and also describes a vision of an ascent. However, the martyrdom account does accord with the tendency to depict women as virtuous only when they subject themselves to suffering.
Beyond the Nursery: Postnatal Care in the 21st Century.

Postnatal care has been one of the great public health successes of the past century. In 1910, most infants were born at home, and perinatal mortality was high; 1 in 10 US infants died before their first birthday.1 By 1960, the large majority of US births occurred in a hospital, where infants received multiple effective preventive interventions that led to a steep decrease in mortality rates. At that time, newborn preventive interventions were typically provided in a room called the “nursery,” where infants were lined up in row after row, and nurses moved from infant to infant to deliver care; mothers were housed on the postpartum ward, where they recovered from the birth process by resting quietly in bed. Things have changed for the better in the 21st century: the number, scope, and effectiveness of postnatal preventive interventions has continued to expand, whereas infant mortality has continued to decline. …
Nuclear Receptors and ATP Dependent Chromatin Remodeling: A Complex Story

Nuclear receptors are a class of tightly regulated and highly inducible transcription factors and thus represent an excellent model for the study of transcription. The activity of these transcription factors is controlled by their interactions with co-regulatory proteins that act to remodel chromatin, modify histones, and initiate the transcriptional process. This review will focus on the use of nuclear receptors in understanding the role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes in transcription.
Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity

Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ [Ca2+]i primarily determine the contraction/relaxation cycle of vascular smooth muscle. Agonists that increase [Ca2+]i and induce vasoconstriction are counteracted by cellular Ca2+ transport mechanisms that decrease [Ca2+]i and modulate vasoconstriction. In vascular tissue, the Ca2+-ATPases play a crucial role in regulating [Ca2+]i and tone. Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells possess two forms of Ca2+-ATPases: plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ pumps (130–150 kd) and sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum (SER) Ca2+ pumps (100–115 kd) (12, 16, 17). The PM Ca2+ pumps along with Na+/Ca2+ exchange are the major mechanisms for Ca2+ extrusion from the cell. The SER Ca2+-ATPase pumps buffer an increase in [Ca2+]i by reloading intracellular stores with Ca2+ (16, 36).
ITPACK Solution Modules

The purpose of this chapter is to describe some of the solution modules which can be used within ELLPACK. We describe the ITPACK solution modules (JACOBI CG, JACOBI SI, SOR, SYMMETRIC SOR CG, SYMMETRIC SOR SI, REDUCED SYSTEM CG, REDUCED SYSTEM SI) which are based on the use of iterative algorithms. These modules are routines adapted from the ITPACK software package developed at The University of Texas at Austin. The objective of this discussion is to provide the ELLPACK user with sufficient information for intelligent use of these solution modules.
GARE: Geometric Analysis and Reasoning Engine

A geometric analysis and reasoning engine (GARE) has been developed for geometric modeling and geometric problem solving for robot task planning application. Geometric modeling and geometric reasoning are crucial components of the design and operation phases of the modern automated systems. Intelligent Computer Aided Design (ICAD) systems should not only allow for geometric modeling but also provide capabilities for reasoning with the geometry. Many interesting physical analysis problems that arise in various applications such as manufacturing and robotics can be transformed into equivalent geometric problems. The basic concept underlying the design of GARE is that many complex geometric reasoning problems can be solved by combining simple geometric algorithms, GARE consists of a geometric modeling system, a geometric task description system, and a geometric reasoning system. This paper presents an overview of various components of GARE and their integration.
Heat and Mass Transfer from the Skin and Clothing

On a time scale of days, all living organisms transfer heat to the environment at the same rate it is generated metabolically. The rate of heat transfer from skin to the environment depends on the difference between skin and ambient temperatures. Mammals maintain fairly constant acceptable core temperature by regulating skin blood flow, sweating, and shivering to establish acceptable skin temperature, which depends on physical processes by which internal energy is transferred to the environment—conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation of water. As a practical matter, skin-to-solid conduction is usually not significant in the heat balance, and only three means of internal energy transport are important. An exception to that, of course, is burn damage owing to contact between the skin and a hot surface or flame, with which we are not concerned.
Food selectivity in a diverse sample of young children with and without intellectual disabilities.

Abstract Children with developmental concerns are more likely to be referred to feeding clinics for food selectivity than typically developing (TD) children. However, there is limited research on food selectivity in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Fifty-nine TD children and 56 children with ID ages 3–8 years participated in the Children's Mealtime Study to compare food selectivity, conceptualized as food refusal and narrow food repertoire, among TD children and children with ID. Parents completed a 119-item food frequency questionnaire. Food refusal rate was calculated as the number of foods the child refused of those offered. Food repertoire, comprising the number of unique foods eaten, was determined from a 3-day food record. Compared to TD children, among children with ID the food refusal rate was significantly higher (28.5% vs. 15.7%) and mean food repertoire significantly narrower (20.7 vs. 24.2 unique foods) (p
How to Lead a Child to Flower: Luce Irigaray’s Philosophy of the Growth of Children

A tree or a flower contain a wordless wisdom that can pass directly from them to a child. It is not only such wisdom that is conveyed in Luce Irigaray’s To Be Born. The book’s themes range from a perspective for a collaborative construction of a new way of living for the coming generations, to bridging the spiritual and cultural divide between men and women. But a major theme of the book concerns the way in which we, as human beings, may not only bring to fruition our potentialities as adults living and developing together, but also may be able to think about children and childhood, about what it means to grow as a child and throughout one’s life, as well as how to be a carer for children.
Neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in Becker muscular dystrophy.

INTRODUCTION Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) results in decreased dystrophin with implications for mental health. METHODS This is a retrospective case series of neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms and respective pharmacotherapies of 70 patients with BMD. RESULTS Fifty-four (77.1%) patients exhibited at least one symptom, and 19 (27.1%) patients exhibited four or more symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms were specific learning disabilities or special education needs (31.4%), inattention/hyperactivity (35.7%), language/speech delays (35.7%), and emotional or behavioral dysregulation (38.6%). Fisher's exact tests indicated that anxiety was more prevalent with mutations upstream of exon 30 (P = .049), but the prevalence of other symptoms did not differ with respect to mutation sites. Similarly, the number of symptoms individual patients with BMD exhibited did not differ with respect to mutation sites. Seventeen (24.3%) patients required pharmacotherapy to manage symptoms. DISCUSSION Neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and emotional symptoms are prevalent in patients with BMD regardless of dystrophin gene mutation site.
Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care by English Language Proficiency in the USA, 2006-2016.

In the USA, people with limited English proficiency (LEP) disproportionately experience gaps in health insurance coverage and access to care. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 included reforms that could improve these outcomes. To describe changes in insurance coverage and access to health care by English language proficiency over 2006–2016. We used regression models to estimate changes in coverage and access after 2010 for adults with high vs. limited English proficiency, adjusting for socio-economic status, demographic characteristics, and health care needs. We used difference-in-differences models to assess adjusted changes in disparities by English proficiency after 2010. Supplemental analyses used nearest-neighbor propensity score matching to balance the characteristics of respondents. Respondents aged 18–64 in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey over 2006–2016, with high (n = 174,214) or limited (n = 16,484) English language proficiency. Insurance coverage was a binary variable indicating any health insurance coverage during the past 12 months. Access to care was measured using binary variables indicating whether the respondent had a usual source of care and received necessary medical, dental, and preventive care. Gains in health insurance coverage after 2010 were significant for adults with high English proficiency (1.7 percentage points, p < 0.001) and adults with limited English proficiency (4.6 percentage points, p = 0.007); gains did not significantly vary by English proficiency. Adults with LEP showed larger improvements than adults with high English proficiency in having a usual source of care (5 percentage points, p = 0.007) and receiving needed medical care and dental care (1.4 percentage points, p = 0.013, and 2.8 percentage points, p = 0.009, respectively). Findings remained similar when matching was used to balance the measured characteristics of respondents with high vs. limited English proficiency. Disparities in health care access by English proficiency narrowed after 2010, the year of passage of the ACA.
The nerve growth factor receptor: biochemical and structural analysis.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the biochemical characterization of the human nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor and the expression and molecular cloning of the receptor after gene transfer into heterologous cells. It also discusses the structural features of the receptor in relation to its many functional responses. The many physiological effects of NGF on selective neuronal populations in the central and peripheral nervous systems are the result of its initial interaction with a specific cell surface receptor. The chapter highlights that knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of the NGF receptor is essential to understand the mechanism of action of NGF in responsive cells. In vivo , NGF is secreted by a target tissue near a nerve terminal, binds to a cell surface receptor, and is internalized by endocytosis. The internalized NGF and its receptor are then transported in a retrograde manner along the microtubules to the cell body. Although NGF is delivered intact and biologically active to the cell body, it is rapidly degraded in the lysosomes.
Patterns and Predictors of Weight Loss with Exenatide Treatment in Overweight and Obese Women

In the medical management of obesity, treating physicians observe significant heterogeneity in responses to pharmacotherapy. Indeed one of the most important clinical questions in obesity medicine is whether we can predict how an individual will respond to a particular pharmacotherapeutic agent. The present study examines patterns and predictors of weight loss among overweight and obese women who demonstrated early robust response to twice daily exenatide treatment. 182 women were assigned using single-blind randomization to either treatment with twice daily exenatide injections or to matched placebo injections with dietary counseling. Women who demonstrated > 5% weight loss after 12 weeks of treatment were deemed high responders and remained on study treatment for up to 52 weeks; women who lost 10% of body weight as super responders. Our primary outcome was change in body weight; secondary outcomes included changes in metabolic parameters including lipids, waist circumference, resting energy expenditure, and response to a meal tolerance test. We also performed an exploratory metabolomic analysis. Consistent with published literature, we observed individual heterogeneity in the weight loss response to exenatide and diet/placebo. Although there was no significant difference between treatment groups in the percentage of participants who achieved > 5% weight loss (56% of exenatide group and 76% of diet/placebo group), or those who achieved > 10% weight loss (43% of exenatide group and 55% of diet/placebo group), in both cases there was a trend toward a higher response rate in the group that received placebo with dietary counseling. In addition to achieving similar average weight loss, both treatment groups also demonstrated similar maximum weight loss. The range of maximum weight loss was greater in the diet/placebo group and there was more weight regain among individuals in the exenatide group compared to the diet/placebo group. In our exploratory metabolomic analysis, we observed lower baseline circulating cysteine concentrations in the exenatide responder group and we also found a trend toward higher baseline levels of serotonin, aminoisobutyric acid, anandamide, and sarcosine in the exenatide super responder group. We did not identify any metabolic predictors of weight loss in either the exenatide or the diet/placebo treatment group.
Aerosolizable Lipid Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Delivery of mRNA through Design of Experiments

Messenger RNA is a class of promising nucleic acid therapeutics to treat a variety of diseases, including genetic diseases. The development of a stable and efficacious mRNA pulmonary delivery system would enable high therapeutic concentrations locally in the lungs to improve efficacy and limit potential toxicities. In this study, we employed a Design of Experiments (DOE) strategy to screen a library of lipid nanoparticle compositions to identify formulations possessing high potency both before and after aerosolization. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) showed stable physicochemical properties for at least 14 days of storage at 4 °C, and most formulations exhibited high encapsulation efficiencies greater than 80%. Generally, upon nebulization, LNP formulations showed increased particle size and decreased encapsulation efficiencies. An increasing molar ratio of poly-(ethylene) glycol (PEG)-lipid significantly decreased size but also intracellular protein expression of mRNA. We identified four formulations possessing higher intracellular protein expression ability in vitro even after aerosolization which were then assessed in in vivo studies. It was found that luciferase protein was predominately expressed in the mouse lung for the four lead formulations before and after nebulization. This study demonstrated that LNPs hold promise to be applied for aerosolization-mediated pulmonary mRNA delivery.
Heritable consequences of paternal nicotine exposure: from phenomena to mechanisms†

Our understanding of the interactions between genetic and environmental factors in shaping behavioral phenotypes has expanded to include environment-induced epigenetic modifications and the intriguing possibility of their association with heritable behavioral phenotypes. The molecular basis of heritability of phenotypes arising from environment-induced epigenetic modifications is not well defined yet. However, phenomenological evidence in favor of it is accumulating rapidly. The resurgence of interest has led to focus on epigenetic modification of germ cells as a plausible mechanism of heritability. Perhaps partly because of practical reasons such as ease of access to male germ cells compared to female germ cells, attention has turned toward heritable effects of environmental influences on male founders. Public health implications of heritable effects of paternal exposures to addictive substances or to psycho-social factors may be enormous. Considering nicotine alone, over a billion people worldwide use nicotine-containing products, and the majority are men. Historically, the adverse effects of nicotine use by pregnant women received much attention by scientists and public policy experts alike. The implications of nicotine use by men for the physical and mental well-being of their children were not at the forefront of research until recently. Here, we review progress in the emerging field of heritable effects of paternal nicotine exposure and its implications for behavioral health of individuals in multiple generations. Summary sentence Nicotine exposure of male experimental animals produces adverse influences not only on somatic and germ cells of the exposed males but also on the brain and behavior of multiple generations descending from the males. Graphical Abstract
The European Union and the Dental Team

As is evident from this work, often across the EU in each Member State, diversity characterizes the dental team in many of its facets and activities. This characteristic not only distinguishes the Member States from one another, but this diversity also exists within some of them. The lack of harmonization is a gross challenge. Diversity is a key descriptor when discussing dental care professionals (DCPs) in the EU. The EU has acted in patients’ interests as well as those of DCPs. Also, it has exhibited diverse roles, ranging from initiator to coordinator. As mentioned throughout this work, its impact results from activities in sectors other than health care. Therefore, its influence is due to the spillover effect. Activities in one field impact another.
Gut microbiome in liver pathophysiology and cholestatic liver disease

Abstract An increasing amount of evidence has shown critical roles of gut microbiome in host pathophysiology. The gut and the liver are anatomically and physiologically connected. Given the critical role of gut-liver axis in the homeostasis of the liver, gut microbiome interplays with a diverse spectrum of hepatic changes, including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cholestasis, and tumorigenesis. In clinic, cholestasis manifests with fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice, caused by the impairment in bile formation or flow. Studies have shown that the gut microbiome is altered in cholestatic liver disease. In this review, we will explore the interaction between the gut microbiome and the liver with a focus on the alteration and the role of gut microbiome in cholestatic liver disease. We will also discuss the prospect of exploiting the gut microbiome in the development of novel therapies for cholestatic liver disease.
Sampling Errors in Estimation of Extreme Hurricane Winds

Hurricane wind speeds corresponding to various probabilities of occurrence at any given site are currently estimated using Russell.s procedure a detailed description of which may be found. In this procedure, information on hurricane wind speeds is obtained indirectly from: 1) Statistical information on the climatological characteristics of hurricanes; and 2) a physical model of the hurricane wind field, that describes the dependence of hurricane wind speeds at any given point upon these climatiological characteristics.
SEM Image Analysis for Quality Control of Nanoparticles

In nano-medicine, mesoporous silicon particles provide efficient vehicles for the dissemination and delivery of key proteins at the micron scale. We propose a new quality-control method for the nanopore structure of these particles, based on image analysis software developed to automatically inspect scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images of nanoparticles in a fully automated fashion. Our algorithm first identifies the precise position and shape of each nanopore, then generates a graphic display of these nanopores and of their boundaries. This is essentially a texture segmentation task, and a key quality-control requirement is fast computing speed. Our software then computes key shape characteristics of individual nanopores, such as area, outer diameter, eccentricity, etc., and then generates means, standard deviations, and histograms of each pore-shape feature. Thus, the image analysis algorithms automatically produce a vector from each image which contains relevant nanoparticle quality control characteristics, either for comparison to pre-established acceptability thresholds, or for the analysis of homogeneity and the detection of outliers among families of nanoparticles.
Source function expansion method for radiative transfer in a two-layer slab

Abstract Radiative heat transfer in an isotropically scattering, absorbing and emitting two-layer slab with specularly reflecting boundaries is solved by expanding the source function by Legendre polynomials in the space variable in the integral form of the equation of radiative transfer. The reflectivity and the transmissivity of the slab for an externally incident isotropic radiation are determined. The S -1 solution yields results which are sufficiently accurate for most engineering applications.
Status of the DIII-D 110 GHz ECH system

The DIII–D program is presently commissioning the first MW gyrotron of a planned 3 MW, 110 GHz electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system for off-axis electron heating and current drive. Advanced toka...
PDZK1 Is a Novel Factor in Breast Cancer That Is Indirectly Regulated by Estrogen through IGF-1R and Promotes Estrogen-Mediated Growth

Although a relationship between PDZK1 expression and estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulation has been suggested, the nature of such a connection and the function of PDZK1 in breast cancer remain unknown. Human tissue microarrays (cancer tissue: 262 cores; normal tissue: 87 cores) and breast cancer cell lines were used to conduct the study. We show that PDZK1 protein expression is tightly correlated with human breast malignancy, is negatively correlated with age and had no significant correlation with ER-α expression levels. PDZK1 exhibited an exclusive epithelial expression with mostly cytosolic subcellular localization. Additionally, 17β-estradiol induced PDZK1 expression above its basal level more than 24 h after treatment in MCF-7 cells. PDZK1 expression was indirectly regulated by ER-α stimulation, requiring insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and function. The molecular link between PDZK1 and IGF-1R was supported by a significant correlation between protein and mRNA levels (r = 0.591, p < 0.001, and r = 0.537, p < 0.001, respectively) of the two factors in two different cohorts of human breast cancer tissues. Interestingly, PDZK1 knockdown in MCF-7 cells blocked ER-dependent growth and reduced c-Myc expression, whereas ectopic expression of PDZK1 enhanced cell proliferation in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol potentially through an increase in c-Myc expression, suggesting that PDZK1 has oncogenic activity. PDKZ1 also appeared to interact with the Src/ER-α/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) complex, but not with IGF-1R and enhanced EGFR-stimulated MEK/ERK1/2 signaling. Collectively, our results clarify the relationship between ER-α and PDZK1, propose a direct relationship between PDZK1 and IGF-1R, and identify a novel oncogenic activity for PDZK1 in breast cancer.