cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated Decision Algorithms for Auto-steered Electric Transmission System Asset Management

Electric power transmission systems are comprised of a large number of physical assets, including transmission lines, power transformers, and circuit breakers, that are capital-intensive, highly distributed, and may fail. Managing these assets under resource constraints requires equipment health monitoring integrated with system level decision-making to optimize a number of various operational, maintenance, and investment-related objectives. Industry processes to these ends have evolved ad-hoc over the years, and no systematic structures exist to coordinate the various decision problems. In this paper, we describe our progress in building a prototype structure for this purpose together with a software-hardware environment to deploy and test it. We particularly focus on the decision algorithms and the Benders approach we have taken to solve them in an integrated fashion.
Interstage weight gain for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing the hybrid procedure.

Background Weight gain during the interstage (IS) period for hypoplastic left heart (HLHS) patients has been associated with improved outcomes. IS home monitoring has been shown to improve mortality. No data exist on IS weight gain and home monitoring effects on weight gain for HLHS patients undergoing the hybrid procedure. Objective Goal of this study was to describe the weight gain of patients with HLHS undergoing the hybrid procedure during the IS period, to determine if weight parameters were associated with mortality, and to determine if home monitoring improved weight gain. Methods Retrospective review was performed. Patients were included if they had the diagnosis of HLHS and underwent hybrid procedure. Baseline demographics, surgical dates, and all IS weights were recorded. Results Forty-four patients met inclusion criteria, 24 patients had IS monitoring. Time period evaluated was from April 2006 to June 2011. Mean birth weight of the total population was 3.13 ± 0.61 kg, age at hybrid was 5.84 ± 4.10 days, weight z-score at hybrid discharge was −1.66 ± 1.01, age at pre-Stage II was 6.12 ± 1.37 months, IS weight gain was 16.85 ± 5.94 g/day, and weight z-score pre-Stage II was −2.25 ± 1.28. Monitored patients had significantly higher weight z-score pre-Stage II (−1.67 ± 0.98 vs. −2.82 ± 1.28) and lower change in weight z-score (−0.26 ± 0.97 vs. −1.24 ± 1.06). Eight patients died IS. There was a significant difference in weight gain per day in those that survived the IS period (17.87 ± 4.75 g/day vs. 12.28 ± 8.65 g/day). There were no significant differences in weight characteristics in patients that survived the Stage II procedure (n = 28) vs. those that did not (n = 7). Conclusion Home monitoring improved IS weight gain in patients undergoing the hybrid procedure. Decreased weight gain per day was associated with IS mortality.
Geographic Information System-Based Truck Accident Information and Management System for New Jersey Roadways

Geographic information systems (GIS) technology has been discussed for managing traffic accident data for years. However, its usefulness for analyzing truck accidents has not been explored extensively. Because GIS has spatial referencing and graphical display features, it would be useful to link relevant accident information to assist in information management and safety analysis. Used with other analysis technologies, GIS can help identify factors that contribute to accidents at specific locations and to identify countermeasures. The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) has comprehensive electronic databases, including roadway networks, truck accident records, roadway geometry, and other relevant information, but use of this information remains at the level of database management. Integration of truck accident information into a GIS is a low-cost, high-benefit way to analyze factors that affect truck accidents and their associated mitigation measures. The analytical ability of a GIS-based truc...
Model-based registration for dynamic cardiac perfusion MRI.

Purpose To assess the accuracy of a model-based approach for registration of myocardial dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI corrupted by respiratory motion. Materials and Methods Ten patients were scanned for myocardial perfusion on 3T or 1.5T scanners, and short- and long-axis slices were acquired. Interframe registration was done using an iterative model-based method in conjunction with a mean square difference metric. The method was tested by comparing the absolute motion before and after registration, as determined from manually registered images. Regional flow indices of myocardium calculated from the manually registered data were compared with those obtained with the model-based registration technique. Results The mean absolute motion of the heart for the short-axis data sets over all the time frames decreased from 5.3 ± 5.2 mm (3.3 ± 3.1 pixels) to 0.8 ± 1.3 mm (0.5 ± 0.7 pixels) in the vertical direction, and from 3.0 ± 3.7 mm (1.7 ± 2.1 pixels) to 0.9 ± 1.2 mm (0.5 ± 0.7 pixels) in the horizontal direction. A mean absolute improvement of 77% over all the data sets was observed in the estimation of the regional perfusion flow indices of the tissue as compared to those obtained from manual registration. Similar results were obtained with two-chamber-view long-axis data sets. Conclusion The model-based registration method for DCE cardiac data is comparable to manual registration and offers a unique registration method that reduces errors in the quantification of myocardial perfusion parameters as compared to those obtained from manual registration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Meaning of Freedom in Public Discourse

A fundamental purpose of science and democracy is to enrich our lives by working together to achieve shared goals. To work together, we must be able to communicate with clear, shared definitions for the words we use. Freedom is one of the key words used in political science and public policy discussions. However, freedom is a nebulous term. This paper examines the meaning of freedom in public life in the United States. It is based on a sample of 200 mentions of freedom in newspapers around the country. In the paper, we argue that people erroneously use freedom when they actually are referring to other political values. We also suggest that the misuse of freedom undermines efforts to realize those other values.
The Mediocrity of Government Subsidies to Mixed-Income Housing Projects

Since the 1970s a new vehicle for the provision of housing assistance - the mixed-income, or inclusionary, project - has flowered in the United States. In a community of this sort, the developer and its government benefactors designate a fraction of the dwelling units, typically between 10 and 25 percent, as targets for the delivery of aid. Eligible households who successively occupy these particular units pay below-market rents, while the occupants of the other units do not. This article situates this innovation within the broader history of U.S. housing assistance policy and evaluates its merits. The central conclusion is that the mixed-income project approach, while superior to the traditional public-housing model, is in almost all contexts distinctly inferior to the provision of portable housing vouchers to needy tenants. Although prior commentators have also touted the voucher approach, the article enriches their analyses by addressing more fully the social consequences of various housing policies that might be used to economically integrate neighborhoods and buildings.
Explaining Pay without Performance: The Tournament Alternative

After only a brief hiatus in the wake of the stock market downturn of 2000, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) pay levels have resumed their upward trajectory. In response, many influential shareholders and academics are asking the question: Are the executive compensation arrangements we observe examples of optimal contracting between CEOs and the boards of directors of the firms they manage, according to which executives are rewarded for enhancing shareholder value? Or do such arrangements indicate a corporate governance failure, whereby CEOs exercise so much influence over boards that managers are effectively setting their own pay? The foregoing accounts - optimal contracting and managerial power, respectively - dominate current explanations of how executive pay is structured. In this Article, I demonstrate that neither explains adequately observed executive pay arrangements. Instead, I turn to the paradigm of tournament theory-in which CEO pay is a prize awarded to the winner of a competition to get to the top of the corporate ladder; to illuminate the structure of executive pay. Introducing tournament theory into the mix of how firms motivate their CEOs can explain features of CEO pay that are either inconsistent with, or deemed inefficient by, competing theories. Because one's view of how executive pay arrangements should be designed has significant implications for our assessment of actual executive pay practices, I argue that we should consider the role that tournaments can play in motivating executives before undertaking reforms in the executive pay arena. Optimal contracting theory, in which boards of directors are assumed to be designing pay-for-performance contracts to align the interests of managers with those of shareholders, remains the dominant lens through which executive pay arrangements are analyzed. Observed executive pay contracting fails, however, to conform to the optimal contracting model. Rather than linking compensation to performance, pay arrangements for executives do not reveal a statistically significant relationship between the two. This anomaly has puzzled scholars in the executive compensation area and generated a vigorous debate over pay without performance.
'Big Brother' in a Post-Communist Era - A Radiography of the Protection of Private Life in an European Romania

Reducing privacy to an insignificant value is one of the main faults of totalitarian regimes. It is maybe their most frustrating feature for the inner comfort of the individual who is under surveillance. The suspicion that his or her every move could be reported any time, registered and afterwards kept in a file to be judged by the arbitrary mechanisms of such a regime annihilates the manifestations of free will in all of its facets – freedom of speech, economical freedom, freedom to socially interact.The feeling of being constantly under surveillance creates psychological discomfort and produces mutations in behavioral decisions. Maybe it is the annihilation of free will of the individual which decisively contributed to the fall of totalitarian regimes in the late ‘80s, as the individual desired to regain his or her privacy, to freely develop his or her personality, to fully enjoy his or her inherent liberties. But the development of society paradoxically made privacy more threatened in a present dominated by democratic values, due to the spectacular development of technology. The Surveillance Society is more present in academic and social discourses than ever. But is it actually malefic in a democratic context? Is it not useful and necessary for preventing destructive actions such terrorism?The answers to these questions are not at all simple. They should start with a few ideas, such as considering the democratic context as the one adding value to privacy. This time around, we are not evaluating privacy, but a right to privacy, guaranteed to individuals by established legal instruments. This paper aims to analyze the mechanisms of protecting private life in a post-communist Romania, underlying also the features of a new type of Surveillance Society.
A Speculative Model of the Diatomic Molecular Bond

The intimate relationship between wave length and energy levels enables one to use the steady state Schrodinger wave equation to deduce many molecular vibrational constants without actually simulating the vibrational motions themselves. However, simulation of vibrational motions by means of the nonsteady Schrodinger equation presents difficulties at the present time (Borman (1990), Polanyi (1987)).
Assessment of serum luteinizing hormone during ovarian stimulation with gonadortrophins

An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), using monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for human luteinizing hormone (HLH), was evaluated for quantitative measurement of serum LH after human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration in patients undergoing stimulation of multiple follicular development. Compared to a radioimmunoassay (RIA) commonly used to monitor serum LH, LH IRMA was more effective by several orders of magnitude in discriminating between HLH and HCG and showed no cross-reactivity at HCG concentrations normally found in serum after hormone treatment. Assays of serum samples obtained from 10 patients receiving HCG as part of an HMG/HCG protocol to induce ovulation for IVF/GIFT also demonstrated that RIA values were greatly affected by exogenous HCG. It was estimated that 17-32% of serum HCG was measured as serum LH in RIA. In contrast, determinations of serum LH by IRMA was not biased by exogenous HCG. Data from IRMA indicated that eight of the 10 patients showed a significant rise in LH secretion, relative to mean baselines, at either 12 or 36 h after administration. In one patient the rise had already occurred before HCG administration. When an LH rise occurred, either before or after HCG injection, mean values were 2- to 9-fold higher than those of baseline levels. Assuming that LH rises greater than 12 mIU/ml may relate to an endogenous surge of LH, none of the patients showed a surge prior to HCG administration. On the contrary, the occurrence of an 'LH surge' after HCG was apparent in four patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thermodynamically Controlled Synthesis of a Chiral Tetra-cavitand Nanocapsule and Mechanism of Enantiomerization.

The dynamic covalent synthesis, structure and conformational dynamics of a chiral polyimine nanocapsule 1a are reported. Reaction of four tetraformyl cavitands and eight H2N(CH2)2NH2 yields quantitatively 1a, which has a compact, asymmetrically folded, pseudo-C2-symmetric structure, as determined by X-ray crystallography, and encapsulates four CHCl3 and three CH3OH guests in the solid state. In solution, 1a enantiomerizes by passing over a barrier of ΔG298⧧ = 21.5 ± 0.7 kcal mol−1 via a refolding process.
Nanostructured TiO2/Polypyrrole for Visible Light Photocatalysis

Stable TiO2/polypyrrole nanocomposites have been synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The nanocomposites are capable of efficient visible-light photocatalysis driven by their morphology that utilizes a high concentration of 4.5 nm TiO2 nanoparticles electronically coupled to 200–300 nm polypyrrole granules. The polypyrrole acts as visible-light photosensitizer, and the photoactivity of nanocomposite arises from the electron transfer from excited polypyrrole to TiO2 nanoparticles and further across nanocomposite interface. The visible-light photocatalysis is demonstrated by methylene blue degradation and by the production of H2 from water with efficiency of 1 mmol H2 gcatalyst–1 h–1 wt %(Pt)−1.
Epidemiology of HIV-Associated Lung Disease in the United States

The epidemiology of HIV infection and its pulmonary complications in the United States has evolved significantly over nearly 20 years since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy. While infectious complications are less of a threat to patients whose immune systems have been restored, many HIV-infected persons in the United States remain at high risk for opportunistic infection because they are unaware of their HIV infection, have difficulty maintaining linkage to care, or maintain inadequate viral control. Bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis pneumonia remain significantly more prevalent among HIV-infected persons, and together with seasonal influenza are areas where public health efforts to increase antiretroviral therapy, appropriate prophylaxis, and vaccination may decrease burden of disease. Noninfectious pulmonary complications of chronic HIV infection are increasingly recognized in the United States and elsewhere. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, sleep-disordered breathing, and primary lung cancer may all be more common among persons with HIV; of concern, disease burden in U.S. HIV-infected persons may be underestimated due to lack of diagnostic testing for these conditions. Smoking is among the most prevalent preventable causes of morbidity and mortality affecting persons living with HIV infection, and has particular import to pulmonary disease. As of 2009, 42% of HIV-infected adults in medical care in the United States smoked tobacco (over twice the national rate in the general population). Successful efforts to promote smoking cessation among HIV-infected persons are of critical importance to decrease the burden of chronic pulmonary disease.
Effects of short-term cortisol infusion on growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulation of growth hormone release in sheep

Excess production or long-term administration of glucocorticoids is detrimental to longitudinal growth in people and rats. A portion of this effect is attributed to cortisol inhibition of growth hormone (GH). Glucocorticoid effects are usually studied in subjects under long-term treatment with synthetic, more potent glucocorticoids, and, to the authors' knowledge, have not been examined in domestic animals. We sought to examine the effects of cortisol infusion on GH release in sheep. Cortisol infusion into castrated, male Suffolk sheep (1 to 1.5 years old) caused a significant (P < 0.0001) increase in cortisol concentration. Basal GH release was not affected over the 4-hour period of infusion. Growth hormone-releasing hormone administration stimulated GH release in both groups (P < 0.001); however, the control group had a greater response to growth hormone-releasing hormone than did the cortisol infused group (P < 0.0001). These results were duplicated in cultured sheep pituitary cells. Cortisol inhibition of GH release may be mediated via enhanced somatostatin release, owing to a direct inhibition of somatotrope function, or a combination of both mechanisms. Because of effects of stress and disease in increasing cortisol concentration, additional study of the mechanisms for cortisol inhibition of GH release in sheep needs to be performed.
Progesterone Metabolism in Cultured Amniotic Fluid Cells

Amniotic fluid cells obtained by amnicentesis at 16-20 weeks' gestation were grown in culture until a confluent monolayer of cell had been formed. Radiolabeled pregnenolone, progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were added to the cell cultures; steroid metabolites which formed after 24 and 48 hours of incubation were identified. Incubation of the cell cultures with pregnenolone-3H resulted in the formation of progesterone, 17alpha-progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone. A significant amount of progesterone was identified after incubating the cell cultures with 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone. The results indicate that 3 beta-ol-dehydrogenase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes are present in cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained at 16-20 weeks' gestation.
Characteristics Associated with Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus newelli) and Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) Burrows on Kauai, Hawaii, USA

Abstract. Small-scale environmental characteristics associated with nesting burrows of the Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus newelli) and Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) were documented in mesic and wet montane forest on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Most plots containing burrows were located on steep slopes, ranging from 28° to 48° (median = 39°) for the Newell's Shearwater and 0° to 67° (median = 34.5°) for the Hawaiian Petrel. Plots generally contained > 20% to 40% up to > 80% to 100% estimated vegetation cover 0–1 m above ground and > 0% to 20% up to > 60% to 80% cover 1–2 m above ground. Plots were also associated with estimated canopy cover from > 0% to 10% up to > 80% to 90% for the Newell's Shearwater and 0% up to > 70% to 80% for the Hawaiian Petrel. Soil in Newell's Shearwater plots tended to be harder 7.62–22.86 cm below ground, which might provide increased burrow stability. Additionally, maximum vegetation height tended to be greater above Newell's Shearwater plots (median = 6.00 m...
Importance of a Vision: Licensure of Medical Dosimetrists

Advancements in technology place medical dosimetrists at the forefront of many new processes, increasing the demand for these professionals. However, demand must be tempered by clear practice standards and licensure as errors made by a negligent or inadequately trained medical dosimetrist can result in patient harm. This case summarizes an effort to obtain such licensure in Massachusetts. While not yet accomplished, this study highlights the need for a strong vision to unite various constituencies in driving transformational change, the first step of any High Performance Organization (see Chapter 3). It also outlines how difficult it is to sustain support without continual reference to overall goals, and the celebration of “small wins.”
The Archaeology and History of Colonial Mexico: Mixing Epistemologies

This is an archaeological and historical study of Mexico City and Xaltocan, focusing on the early years after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire in 1521. The study of households excavated in Mexico City and the probate inventories of 39 colonizers provide a vivid view of the material and social lives of the Spanish in what was once the capital of the Aztec empire. Decades of archaeological and ethnohistorical research in Xaltocan, a town north of Mexico City, offers a long-term perspective of daily life, technology, the economy, and the adoption of Spanish material culture among indigenous people. Through these case studies, this book examines interpretive strategies used when working with historical documents and archaeological data. Focusing on the use of metaphors to guide interpretation, this volume explores the possibilities for interdisciplinary collaboration between historians, archaeologists, and anthropologists working on this pivotal period in Latin American history.
BUNDLES OVERCOME HURDLES IN THE GOLDEN HOUR FOR <28 WEEK NEONATES

Background Nationwide Children9s Hospital NICU at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center has 4500 deliveries per year and 800 beds. The NICU is a LEVEL III Unit with 49 beds and 1200 admissions. On average 100 Objectives Improve rates of golden hour stabilization at 135 minutes of life from 17% to 80% by 1/31/2017 and sustain these rates indefinitely. We define complete stabilization as achieving and maintaining neutral thermal environment (NTE), rapid treatment of presumed sepsis, and prevention of hypoglycemia with timely IV glucose and protein administration Methods Our multidisciplinary Golden Hour QI Team was formed October 2014 and through the process mapping timeline and pareto chart we found our key drivers. Using the principles of a fish diagram for each driver we were able to highlight interventions. As we did our PDSA cycles we realized our focus was providing support to personnel resulting in increased efficiency and communication. Our interventions are listed in the discipline-specific bundled approach we implemented them. Results We decreased our times to NTE, IVF and antibiotics administration surpassing our goals as shown in our control charts. Our timeline bundle compliance has been increasing steadily from 88% to 95%. We have found no change in our mortality rates of less than 20%. Conclusions Next PDSA cycle is transferring administering IVF and Ampicillin to the physician/NNP placing the lines eliminating the need for nursing to become sterile again. We are also implementing a count-down timer as used in trauma medicine as a data tool to the resuscitation team.
Systemic Vasculitis Causing Multiorgan Dysfunction Masquerading as Tumefactive Demyelination (P4.391)

Objective: To present a case of biopsy-proven small vessel vasculitis causing multiorgan dysfunction masquerading as tumefactive demyelination of the central nervous system. Background: The overlapping relationship of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies, and systemic autoimmune vasculitidies such as lupus erythematosus are poorly understood. Methods: Case report and review of the literature. Results: 23-year-old right-handed female with no medical history presented with worsening blurry vision for one week. Her neurological examination demonstrated a right homonymous hemianopia. MRI showed an ill-defined expansile T2 hyperintense lesion involving the left thalamus, specifically the region of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and extending into the temporal lobe with a rim of discontinuous contrast enhancement, most suggestive of tumefactive demyelination. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone. Serum studies were significant for elevated ANA, dsDNA, and NMO antibodies, and her cerebrospinal fluid contained five oligoclonal bands and NMO antibodies. After no improvement, plasma exchange was initiated along with mycophenolate mofetil for presumed immune-mediated demyelinating disease. She developed episodes of chest pain, dyspnea, and hemodynamic instability that required transfer to the intensive care unit. Serial echocardiograms demonstrated a rapidly expanding pericardial effusion that required emergent bedside pericardial window and pericardiocentesis. She developed pulmonary emboli and pleural effusions. She eventually recovered and was discharged with a normal neurological exam. Three months later, she had mental status changes and gait difficulty. MRI brain and spine demonstrated widespread new demyelinating lesions. She underwent a left temporal lobe biopsy, which revealed small vessel vasculitis. She began treatment with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone and her gait and cognition improved. Conclusions: This case demonstrates an overlapping autoimmune multiorgan process of small vessel vasculitis presenting with tumefactive demyelination. Further studies will be necessary into the pathophysiology of these conditions in order to develop effective treatments. Disclosure: Dr. Bhatia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stefoski has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Acorda Therapeutics, Serono, Inc., and Teva Neuroscience as a consultant and with EMD Serono, Bigoen Idec, Teva Neuroscience and Elan as a speaker. Dr. Balabanov has receive personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Questor, and Acorda as a consultant, speaker and advisory board member.
Against Infrastructure: Curating Community Literacy in a Jail Writing Program

This essay argues that while fostering individual and collaborative literacy can indeed promote self-awareness, confidence, and political awareness, the threat of emotional and material retribution is ever-present in jail, making the development of infrastructure challenging. Such reality compels engaged teacher-researchers to develop tactical methods for promoting literacy with limited social and material support from institutions that are primarily invested in compliant behavior. Rather than relying upon traditional models for building engaged university-community infrastructure in such contexts, I suggest a participatory curatorial model and explore the notion of curating a program within an ever-shifting set of artists, regulations, allegiances, and expectations.
Cost-effective analysis of post-silicon functional coverage events

Post-silicon validation is a major challenge due to the combined effects of debug complexity and observability constraints. Assertions as well as a wide variety of checkers are used in pre-silicon stage to monitor certain functional scenarios. Pre-silicon checkers can be synthesized to coverage monitors in order to capture the coverage of certain events and improve the observability during post-silicon debug. Synthesizing thousands of coverage monitors can introduce unacceptable area and energy overhead. On the other hand, absence of coverage monitors would negatively impact post-silicon coverage analysis. In this paper, we propose a framework for cost-effective post-silicon coverage analysis by identifying hard-to-detect events coupled with trace-based coverage analysis. This paper makes three major contributions. We propose a method to utilize existing debug infrastructure to enable coverage analysis in the absence of synthesized coverage monitors. This analysis enables us to identify a small percentage of coverage monitors that need to be synthesized in order to provide a trade-off between observability and design overhead. To improve the observability further, we also present an observability-aware trace signal selection algorithm that gives priority to signals associated with important coverage monitors. Our experimental results demonstrate that an effective combination of coverage monitor selection and trace analysis can maintain the debugging observability with drastic reduction (up to 10 times) in the required coverage monitors.
Natural pathology of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review

We present the spontaneous pathological lesions identified as a result of necropsy or biopsy for 245 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35-year period. A review of the pathology database was performed for all diagnoses on chimpanzees from 1980 to 2014. All morphologic diagnoses, associated system, organ, etiology, and demographic information were reviewed and analyzed. Cardiomyopathy was the most frequent lesion observed followed by hemosiderosis, hyperplasia, nematodiasis, edema, and hemorrhage. The most frequently affected systems were the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, and lymphatic/hematopoietic systems. The most common etiology was undetermined, followed by degenerative, physiologic, neoplastic, parasitic, and bacterial. Perinatal and infant animals were mostly affected by physiologic etiologies and chimpanzee-induced trauma. Bacterial and physiologic etiologies were more common in juvenile animals. Degenerative and physiologic (and neoplastic in geriatric animals) etiologies predominated in adult, middle aged, and geriatric chimpanzees.
Abstract TP302: COAST: Coordinating Options for Acute Stroke Therapy

Introduction: The consent process for stroke therapies is limited by the hectic nature of the emergency environment, limited understanding by the patient and family, and time-sensitivity of the eve...
Carbon Arc Imaging Furnace and Its Application to Single-Crystal Growth

We shall describe the construction and operation of a carbon arc image furnace designed specifically for the growth of crystals, primarily by the powder-fusion technique in the temperature range between 2500 and 3500° C. A radiant energy system was chosen for this application because, while a number of other methods are available for the attainment of temperatures in this range under conditions suitable for crystal growth, there is none so versatile with regard to purity and control of the crystal environment.
Phage Therapy Pharmacology: Phage Cocktails

Phage therapy is the clinical or veterinary application of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) as antibacterial “drugs.” More generally, phages can be used as biocontrol agents against plant as well as foodborne pathogens. In this chapter, we consider the therapeutic use of phage cocktails, which is the combining of two or more phage types to produce more pharmacologically diverse formulations. The primary motivation for the use of cocktails is their broader spectra of activity in comparison to individual phage isolates: they can impact either more bacterial types or achieve effectiveness under a greater diversity of conditions. The combining of phages can also facilitate better targeting of multiple strains making up individual bacterial species or covering multiple species that might be responsible for similar disease states, in general providing, relative to individual phage isolates, a greater potential for presumptive or empirical treatment. Contrasting the use of phage banks, or even phage isolation against specific etiologies that have been obtained directly from patients under treatment, here we consider the utility as well as potential shortcomings associated with the use of phage cocktails as therapeutic antibacterial agents.
Schizophrenia and Paranoia

In certain of his lectures, Sullivan said that the schizophrenic experience is approximately equivalent to the nightmare. But, in schizophrenia, the person undergoes this nightmarish experience during waking hours (Sullivan, 1956; compare Bowers, 1974).
MOSAIC: A Model of Stereotyping Through Associated and Intersectional Categories

Despite increased awareness of a wide range of demographics, existing theory fails to adequately explain how the stereotypes associated with multiple demographic categories (e.g., Black, female, ga...
Sensing Characteristic Enhancement of Oxygen Plasma Treated Graphene

Graphene has drawn a huge interest as a sensing material due to its outstanding material properties, namely, high surface to volume ratio, high mobility and very low Johnson noise. In this article, we report on the oxygen plasma treatment of single-layer graphene to introduce defects with the goal of enhancing its sensing capabilities. By carefully tuning the plasma power and exposure time, graphene with defect density, exhibiting lower mobility and higher carrier concentration, was obtained while still retaining good electrical properties. The resulting graphene layer responded to NH3 gas molecule with much higher sensitivity and much faster response time. The electrical properties of graphene before and after oxygen plasma treatment were investigated and compared with the sensing properties, which indicates plasma treatment can be a simple and effective way to enhance graphene”s sensing abilities.
Group beating in a 69-year-old man with a previous silent myocardial infarct.

In the electrocardiogram of this 69-year-old man (Figure), the rhythm strip of lead II best demonstrates the cardiac rhythm. There is sinus rhythm at a rate of 65 beats/min. The 1st, 5th, 9th, and 13th QRSs are capture complexes. Capture complexes are separated from one another by three wide (0.13s) QRSs that occur regularly at a rate of 86 beats/min; this is an accelerated (rate 60–110 beats/min) idioventricular rhythm (1). The first P wave in this tracing does not find the atrioventricular junction refractory and captures the ventricles; the second P falls in the first wide QRS; the third P falls in the T wave of the second wide QRS; and then the cycle repeats itself. The second and third P waves find the atrioventricular junction refractory and are not conducted to the ventricles. Thus, an accelerated idioventricular rhythm, by being faster than the sinus rhythm, intermittently usurps the ventricular pacemaker role, and the atria and ventricles are temporarily dissociated (incomplete atrioventricular dissociation) (2). Because both the sinus rhythm and the accelerated idioventricular rhythm are regular and because the capture beats reset the idioventricular rhythm, the group beating is not happenstance (2). Group beating may be defined as identical repetitive groups of complexes, here three idioventricular complexes, separated by identical pauses or different complexes, here single capture complexes. There are many other causes of group beating, with repetitive premature complexes and second-degree atrioventricular block leading the list. Figure. Electrocardiographic rhythm strips in a 69-year-old man taking amiodarone. See text for explication. The patient's underlying disease is coronary arterial disease with an inferior myocardial infarct of indeterminate age, indicated by the pathological Q waves in the sinus-initiated complexes in leads II and III. The infarct was silent. The patient's physician subsequently placed him on amiodarone because of ventricular ectopic beats. Amiodarone obviously has not prevented the ectopy, but has kept the rate slow when an idioventricular rhythm occurred.
MON-387 Pheochromocytoma Masquerading as Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms

Introduction Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells. There are approximately 500-1600 new cases of combined pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in the United States per year. Most of the cases occur between the 3rd and 5th decade of life. Recent studies demonstrate that more than 50 percent of these tumors are asymptomatic. Case We present a 58 year old female with no significant past medical history, referred to endocrinology division for treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Her last menstrual period was 6 years ago. She had noticed generalized profuse diaphoresis, intermittent lightheadedness, anxiety and hot flashes that had started in perimenopause. The diaphoresis had limited her outside activities. She denied hypertension, tachycardia and headaches. She denied hormonal replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms and paroxetine had not helped her symptoms in the past. When evaluated in endocrinology, we reviewed her past records and noticed the presence of a right adrenal nodule on a CT abdomen from 2010. Biochemical evaluation showed elevated plasma normetanephrine at 1.9 (<0.90 nmol/l) with normal metanephrine at <0.20 (<0.50 nmol/l). 24 hour urine fractionated catecholamines and metanephrines results: Dopamine 121 (65-400 mcg), epinephrine 9.0 (<21 mcg), norepinephrine 170 (15-80 mcg), metanephrine 130 (<400 mcg), normetanephrine 1074 (<900 mcg) and total metanephrines 1204 (<1300 mcg). She had normal urinary cortisol, serum DHEA-S, serum aldosterone, plasma renin and serum calcium. MRI of adrenal glands reidentified a 1.7 cm right adrenal nodule suspicious for pheochromocytoma, that had doubled in size compared with prior images. Patient was prepared preoperatively with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. She underwent right adrenalectomy and pathology was positive for pheochromocytoma. Four weeks post surgery, repeat plasma normetanephrine normalized at 0.28 (<0.90 nmol/l) and repeat 24 hour urine collection showed that norepinephrine normalized at 29 (15-80 mcg) and normetanephrine normalized at 285 (<900 mcg). Patient had complete resolution of presenting symptoms after adrenalectomy. Genetic testing is currently pending. Conclusion Our patient presented at 58 years old with symptoms masquerading as vasomotor menopausal symptoms that in retrospect predated perimenopause. Careful history, physical exam and past records review are important to best assist our patients. Adrenal nodules, independent of size, should undergo biochemical evaluation for hormonal excess, as per the Endocrine Society guidelines. Lack of typical symptoms of pheochromocytoma does not exclude this diagnosis as typical symptoms are seen with larger tumor size. Recent review studies demonstrate that more than half of pheochromocytoma cases are diagnosed serendipitously.
It Totally Possibly Could Be: How a Group of Military Physicians Reflect on Their Clinical Reasoning in the Presence of Contextual Factors.

Introduction Contextual factors (eg, diagnostic suggestion and burnout) can affect physician clinical reasoning performance, leading to diagnostic error. Yet, contextual factors have only recently been studied and none of that work focused on how physicians appraise (ie, evaluate) the clinical situation as they reason. The purpose of this qualitative study was to use appraisal to describe the effect of contextual factors on clinical reasoning. Materials and methods Physicians (n = 25) either viewed two video cases or participated in two live scenarios, one with contextual factors and one without. Afterwards, they completed a "think-aloud" reflection while reviewing the cases. Transcribed think-alouds were coded for appraisal markers, comparing cases with and without contextual factors. Results When contextual factors were present, participants expressed more emotional evaluation and uncertainty about those emotions. Across all types of cases, participants expressed uncertainty about the case and assessed what "could" or "would" have gone differently. Conclusions This study suggests that one major effect of contextual factors may be that they induce emotions, which may affect the process of clinical reasoning and diagnostic error. It also suggests that uncertainty may be common in clinical practice, and we should thus further explore its impact.
Extracellular nucleic acid scavenging rescues rats from sulfur mustard analog-induced lung injury and mortality

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly toxic war chemical that causes significant morbidity and mortality and lacks any effective therapy. Rats exposed to aerosolized CEES (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide; 10% in ethanol), an analog of SM, developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is characterized by increased inflammation, hypoxemia and impaired gas exchange. We observed elevated levels of extracellular nucleic acids (eNA) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CEES-exposed animals. eNA can induce inflammation, coagulation and barrier dysfunction. Treatment with hexadimethrine bromide (HDMBr; 10 mg/kg), an eNA neutralizing agent, 2 h post-exposure, reduced lung injury, inhibited disruption of alveolar–capillary barrier, improved blood oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 ratio), thus reversing ARDS symptoms. HDMBr treatment also reduced lung inflammation in the CEES-exposed animals by decreasing IL-6, IL-1A, CXCL-1 and CCL-2 mRNA levels in lung tissues and HMGB1 protein in BALF. Furthermore, HDMBr treatment also reduced levels of lung tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 indicating reduction in clot formation and increased fibrinolysis. Fibrin was reduced in BALF of the HDMBr-treated animals. This was further confirmed by histology that revealed diminished airway fibrin, epithelial sloughing and hyaline membrane in the lungs of HDMBr-treated animals. HDMBr completely rescued the CEES-associated mortality 12 h post-exposure when the survival rate in CEES-only group was just 50%. Experimental eNA treatment of cells caused increased inflammation that was reversed by HDMBr. These results demonstrate a role of eNA in the pathogenesis of CEES/SM-induced injury and that its neutralization can serve as a potential therapeutic approach in treating SM toxicity.
The Sky Is Not the Limit: A Visual Performance Model for Cyber-Physical Co-Design in Autonomous Machines

We introduce the “Formula-1” (F-1) roofline model to understand the role of computing in aerial autonomous machines. The model provides insights by exploiting the fundamental relationships between various components in an aerial robot, such as sensor framerate, compute performance, and body dynamics (physics). F-1 serves as a tool that can aid computer and cyber-physical system architects to understand the optimal design (or selection) of various components in the development of autonomous machines.
Chasing the Holy Grail - Predicting Pediatric Inpatient Deterioration Using a Vitals Risk Index

Delayed recognition of hospitalized pediatric patients deteriorating outside the ICU increases morbidity and mortality. Pediatric early warning systems (PEWS), which include a subjective assessment, have been studied with varying detection success The study institution has used Monaghan’s PEWS to evaluate non-ICU patients in efforts to eliminate emergency transfers and preventable codes outside the ICU. Utilizing a threshold of PEWS ≥ 5, the ability to predict inpatient deterioration has been inconsistent with detection rates of codes outside the ICU less than 33%. This study aimed to develop an automated real-time risk stratification model based solely on vital sign …
Maraviroc inhibits SARS-CoV-2 multiplication and s-protein mediated cell fusion in cell culture

In an effort to identify therapeutic intervention strategies for the treatment of COVID-19, we have investigated a selection of FDA-approved small molecules and biologics that are commonly used to treat other human diseases. A screen of 19 small molecules and 3 biologics was conducted in cell culture and the impact of treatment on viral titer was quantified by plaque assay. The screen identified 4 FDA-approved small molecules, Maraviroc, FTY720 (Fingolimod), Atorvastatin and Nitazoxanide that were able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Confocal microscopy with over expressed S protein demonstrated that Maraviroc reduced the extent of S-protein mediated cell fusion as observed by fewer multinucleate cells in drug-treated cells. Mathematical modeling of drug-dependent viral multiplication dynamics revealed that prolonged drug treatment will exert an exponential decrease in viral load in a multicellular/tissue environment. Taken together, the data demonstrate that Maraviroc, Fingolimod, Atorvastatin and Nitazoxanide inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.
Risk of Persistent Opioid Use following Major Surgery in Matched Samples of Patients with and without Cancer

Background: The opioid crisis has reached epidemic proportions, yet risk of persistent opioid use following curative intent surgery for cancer and factors influencing this risk are not well understood. Methods: We used electronic health record data from 3,901 adult patients who received a prescription for an opioid analgesic related to hysterectomy or large bowel surgery from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2018. Patients with and without a cancer diagnosis were matched on the basis of demographic, clinical, and procedural variables and compared for persistent opioid use. Results: Cancer diagnosis was associated with greater risk for persistent opioid use after hysterectomy [18.9% vs. 9.6%; adjusted OR (aOR), 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38–3.69; P = 0.001], but not after large bowel surgery (28.3% vs. 24.1%; aOR 1.25; 95% CI, 0.97–1.59; P = 0.09). In the cancer hysterectomy cohort, persistent opioid use was associated with cancer stage (increased rates among those with stage III cancer compared with stage I) and use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy; however, these factors were not associated with persistent opioid use in the large bowel cohort. Conclusions: Patients with cancer may have an increased risk of persistent opioid use following hysterectomy. Impact: Risks and benefits of opioid analgesia for surgical pain among patients with cancer undergoing hysterectomy should be carefully considered.