cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic diversity of Na+ channel bursts in frog skeletal muscle.

Individual Na+ channels of dissociated frog skeletal muscle cells at 10 degrees C fail to inactivate in 0.02% of depolarizing pulses, thus producing bursts of openings lasting hundreds of milliseconds. We present here a kinetic analysis of 87 such bursts that were recorded in multi-channel patches at four pulse potentials. We used standard dwell-time histograms as well as fluctuation analysis to analyze the gating kinetics of the bursting channels. Since each burst contained only 75-150 openings, detailed characterization of the kinetics from single bursts was not possible. Nevertheless, at this low kinetic resolution, the open and closed times could be well fitted by single exponentials (or Lorentzians for the power spectra). The best estimates of both the open and closed time constants produced by either technique were much more broadly dispersed then expected from experimental or analytical variability, with values varying by as much as an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the values of the open and closed time constants were not significantly correlated with one another from burst to burst. The bursts thus expressed diverse kinetic behaviors, all of which appear to be manifestations of a single type of Na+ channel. Although the opening and closing rates were dispersed, their average values were close to those of alpha m and 2 beta m derived from fits to the early transient Na+ currents over the same voltage range. We propose a model in which the channel has both primary states (e.g., open, closed, and inactivated), as well as "modes" that are associated with independent alterations in the rate constants for transition between each of these primary states.
Monetary policy and price level determinacy in a cash-in-advance economy*

Summary. The paper considers the determinacy of the equilibrium price level in the cash-in-advance monetary economy of Lucas and Stokey (1983, 1987), in the case of deterministic "fundamentals". The possibilities both of a multiplicity of perfect foresight equilibria and of "sunspot equilibria" are considered. Two types of monetary policy regimes are considered and compared, one in which the money supply grows at a given exogenous rate (that may be positive or negative), and one in which the nominal interest rate on one-period government debt is pegged at a given non-negative level. In the case of constant money growth rate regimes, it is shown that one can easily have both indeterminacy of perfect foresight equilibrium and existence of sunspot equilibria; indeed, in the case of negative rates of money growth (as called for by Friedman (1969)), both types of indeterminacy necessarily occur. On the other hand, sufficient conditions for uniqueness of equilibrium (and non-existence of equilibria other than a deterministic steady state) are also given, and a class of cases is identified in which a sufficiently high rate of money growth guarantees this. Thus there may be a conflict between the aims of choosing a rate of money growth that results in a high level of welfare in the steady state equilibrium and choosing a rate that makes this steady state the unique equilibrium.) In the case of the interest rate pegging regimes, sufficient conditions are given for uniqueness of equilibrium (and impossibility of sunspot equilibria), and it is shown that these necessarily hold in the case of any low enough nominal interest rate. Thus the nominal interest rate peg allows simultaneous achievement of price level determinacy and a high level of welfare in the unique (steady state) equilibrium. In this paper I consider the consequences of alternative choices of the monetary policy regime for the determinacy of the rational expectations equilibrium value of money, and in particular for the existence or not of "sunspot" equilibria, i.e., rational
Tracking the Dynamic Evolution of Participants Salience in a Discussion

We introduce a technique for analyzing the temporal evolution of the salience of participants in a discussion. Our method can dynamically track how the relative importance of speakers evolve over time using graph based techniques. Speaker salience is computed based on the eigenvector centrality in a graph representation of participants in a discussion. Two participants in a discussion are linked with an edge if they use similar rhetoric. The method is dynamic in the sense that the graph evolves over time to capture the evolution inherent to the participants salience. We used our method to track the salience of members of the US Senate using data from the US Congressional Record. Our analysis investigated how the salience of speakers changes over time. Our results show that the scores can capture speaker centrality in topics as well as events that result in change of salience or influence among different participants.
The Effect of CC, Cc and cc Plumage Color Genotypes on Body Weight in the Fowl

Abstract A RELATIONSHIP between the recessive white alleles, C and c, and body weight at 8 and 9 weeks of age has been suggested by the results of Jerome and Huntsman (1959) and Smyth and Fox (1961). In both studies birds with colored plumage, and heterozygous for the recessive white gene (Cc), were significantly heavier than were those homozygous for the recessive gene (cc) and segregating from the same population. On the other hand, Merat (1962) found no difference in 8 week weight between Cc and cc sibs segregating from a single population. All of the above results have involved comparisons of the heterozygote (Cc) with the homozygous recessive genotype (cc). Since previous results could reflect a difference associated with heterozygosity per se (Smyth and Fox, 1961), it would be desirable to obtain growth data for all three possible genotypes (CC, Cc and cc). Since the recessive white genotype appears to…
Insights into COPII Coat Nucleation from the Structure of Sec23•Sar1 Complexed with the Active Fragment of Sec31

Summary The COPII vesicular coat forms on the endoplasmic reticulum from Sar1-GTP, Sec23/24 and Sec13/31 protein subunits. Here, we define the interaction between Sec23/24•Sar1 and Sec13/31, involving a 40 residue Sec31 fragment. In the crystal structure of the ternary complex, Sec31 binds as an extended polypeptide across a composite surface of the Sec23 and Sar1-GTP molecules, explaining the stepwise character of Sec23/24•Sar1 and Sec13/31 recruitment to the membrane. The Sec31 fragment stimulates GAP activity of Sec23/24, and a convergence of Sec31 and Sec23 residues at the Sar1 GTPase active site explains how GTP hydrolysis is triggered leading to COPII coat disassembly. The Sec31 active fragment is accommodated in a binding groove supported in part by Sec23 residue Phe380. Substitution of the corresponding residue F382L in human Sec23A causes cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia, and we suggest that this mutation disrupts the nucleation of COPII coat proteins at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.
Assessing Perceptions of the Environment in Elementary Classrooms: The Link with Achievement.

This paper examines students' perceptions of their classroom environment and the possible effect of these perceptions on math and reading achievement. Additionally, the paper investigates the significance of gender and grade level on students' perceptions of the classroom environment. Participants were elementary school students in a large urban school district in the western part of the US. Data collected were based on test scores on the Washington Assessment of Student Learning (WASL) and scores on the My Classroom Inventory (MCI) to measure perceptions. Correlation analyses and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedures were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that the perceptions of the general classroom environment were significantly related to math and reading achievement, although this was not the case for the individual dimensions of the classroom environment. Gender had no statistically significant association with the students' perceptions of the classroom environment, whe...
Endotoxin challenge after menhaden oil diet: effects on survival of guinea pigs.

ABSTRACT Improvement in survival to endotoxin has been seen after pretreatment withcyclooxygenase inhibitors. Because eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), found in menhaden oil, com-petitively inhibits cyclooxygenase, we fed two groups of guinea pigs diets, in which the fat source was either menhaden or safflower oil, for 6 wk. A third group was allowed the saffloweroil diet ad libitum. Menhaden oil-fed animals showed enhanced survival compared withsafflower oil control animals 20 h after endotoxin (87 vs 63%, p < 0.05). Ad libitum-fed safflower oil animals survived least well, with 47% alive at 20 h (p < 0.005 vs menhaden oil group). We conclude that feeding animals a diet whose predominant lipid source is fish oil significantly improves survival after endotoxin. Dietary fat should be viewed not only as acaloric source but as a pharmacologically active substance that can have profound effects onthe host’s response to toxic insults. Am J Cliii Nutr l989;49:277-82. KEY WORDS Dietary menhaden oil, survival to endotoxin, guinea pigsIntroductionEnhanced survival to endotoxic shock in rats wasshown to be associated with lower levels of thromboxaneB2 (TxB2), a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2(TxA2), as well as with lower levels of6-keto-PGF1a, thestable metabolite of prostacyclin 12 (P0!2)
On the Symmetric Square: Orbital Integrals

= j tg 1j for g in G. The elements fi, 8' of G(F) are called (stably) a-conjugate if there is h in G(F) (resp. G) with ~' = h~a(h1). Conjugacy and stable conjugacy is defined analogously for H(F) and III(F ) on omitting a. In Sect. 1 we show that the map N described in (1)-(5) below is a well-defined bijection, called the norm map, from the set of stable a-conjugacy classes in G(F), to the set of stable conjugacy classes in It(F). We also define a surjection N1 from the subset of this set described in (1), (2), (3), (4), to the set of stable conjugacy classes in Hi(F). In the case (4) N1 actually relates conjugacy classes. Let ~ be an element of G(F). The set of eigenvalues of ~a(~) is of the form {2, 1,2-1}. (1) If 6a(~) = 1, put N~5 = 1 and NI~ = 1. (2) If 6a(6) is a non-trivial unipotent, let N6 and NI~ be the non-trivial unipotent classes. (3) If the eigenvalues 2, 1, 2-1 of 6a(6) are distinct, let N6 be the class in H(F) determined by the eigenvalues 2, 2-1, and NI6 the class in Hi(F) with eigenvalues 4,1.
On the scent of human olfactory orbitofrontal cortex: Meta-analysis and comparison to non-human primates

It is widely accepted that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents the main neocortical target of primary olfactory cortex. In non-human primates, the olfactory neocortex is situated along the basal surface of the caudal frontal lobes, encompassing agranular and dysgranular OFC medially and agranular insula laterally, where this latter structure wraps onto the posterior orbital surface. Direct afferent inputs arrive from most primary olfactory areas, including piriform cortex, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex, in the absence of an obligatory thalamic relay. While such findings are almost exclusively derived from animal data, recent cytoarchitectonic studies indicate a close anatomical correspondence between non-human primate and human OFC. Given this cross-species conservation of structure, it has generally been presumed that the olfactory projection area in human OFC occupies the same posterior portions of OFC as seen in non-human primates. This review questions this assumption by providing a critical survey of the localization of primate and human olfactory neocortex. Based on a meta-analysis of human functional neuroimaging studies, the region of human OFC showing the greatest olfactory responsivity appears substantially rostral and in a different cytoarchitectural area than the orbital olfactory regions as defined in the monkey. While this anatomical discrepancy may principally arise from methodological differences across species, these results have implications for the interpretation of prior human lesion and neuroimaging studies and suggest constraints upon functional extrapolations from animal data.
Software environment architectures and user interface facilities

The authors discuss the demands and constraints on a user interface management system for a software environment, and the relation between the architecture of the environment and the user interface management system. A model for designing user interface management systems for large extensible environments is presented. This model synthesizes several recent advances in user interfaces and specializes them to the domain of software environments. The model can be applied to a wide variety of environment contexts. A prototype implementation is described. >
ZnCdSe-ZnSe Cladded Quantum Dots Using Photoassisted Microwave Plasma Enhanced Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition for Lasers and Electroluminescent Phosphors

We have grown pseudomorophic ZnCdSe-based cladded quantum dots in a novel reactor process. Photoluminescence and X-Ray diffraction data have been used to estimate dot dimensions. The optical gain was simulated using an excitonic model.
Solar cell calibration for the Pico Satellite solar cell testbed (PSSC Testbed) space flight experiment

The results of this preflight calibration of the measurement electronics and the individual solar arrays will allow corrections to be made to flight data for determining the actual degradation of the test solar cells as a result of exposure to the space environment.
Increasing airport arrival capacity in NextGen with wake turbulence avoidance

Arrival capacity at major airports is a primary constraint that must be overcome to reach the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) capacity goals. At the nation's busiest airports with closely spaced parallel runways for arrivals, capacity can be reduced significantly when weather at these airports falls below visual approach minima. When visual approaches can be used for arriving aircraft, pilots can apply their experience and judgment to position their aircraft to avoid wake turbulence generated by other aircraft they are following to the airport. This practice allows for the best arrival capacity to be achieved in good weather. When ceiling and visibility fall below that required for visual approaches, airports that would normally arrive on two parallel runways spaced less than 2500 feet (ft) apart, must discontinue parallel approaches, thus reducing the arrival rate to what can be achieved with a single runway. This reduction in capacity is due to the air traffic control (ATC) requirement that parallel runways spaced this closely must be treated as one runway for application of wake turbulence separation.
Coherent transient amplification in inhomogeneously broadened rubidium atoms by diode-laser frequency switching.

We report observation of coherent transient amplification that is due to free-induction decay and optical nutation in inhomogeneously broadened rubidium atoms by a sudden switch of diode-laser frequency. An amplification coefficient of 2.2 × 10−2 cm−1 is observed when the diode-laser frequency, initially tuned to the blue side of the Doppler-broadened absorption profile, is switched to be out of resonance by application of a step-function pulsed injection current. The transition from free-induction decay to optical nutation is observed and discussed.
A phenomenological model of oxygen ion transport for metal oxide resistive switching memory

Reproducible resistance switching phenomenon in metal oxides is attributed to the non-linear oxygen ions transport. Here we present a phenomenological model to provide a unified explanation for both the unipolar and bipolar resistive switching mechanism. Numerical simulation results reveal the switching mode is determined by the electrode/oxide interface property. Without/with an interfacial barrier, unipolar/bipolar switching behavior is obtained. Also, the voltage-time dilemma between fast switching and long retention is explained by the non-linearity of the ionic transport under high electric field. Experimental data are employed for model verification.
Fabrication of micropixel arrays of bright organic electroluminescent devices

A simple method for the microfabrication of vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been developed to form micropixel arrays of light-emitting devices. These arrays have applications in high-definition displays. The devices were fabricated using a 60-nm-thick hole transport layer of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) that was deposited on an ITO/glass substrate. Next, a 50-nm layer of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Alq/sub 3/ was deposited to provide an electron-transporting and light-emitting medium. A 100-nm Mg layer capped with 200 nm of Al was vacuum deposited to form the cathode. Electrochemically patterned masks were used to form the desired pixel sizes. Arrays of pixels ranging in size from 450/spl times/450 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ to 20/spl times/20 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ were realized. In excess of 600 devices were fabricated per array. In each case, the pixels were uniform in size. Devices were tested at a modified probe station in air, and green light emission, which is characteristic of Alq/sub 3/ was easily seen for all sizes.
Solar rossby wave Hills identified as supergranules

We explore the nature of 'hills' observed on the solar surface which had previously been attributed to Rossby waves. We investigate the sol ar hills phenomenon by analyzing the output from a synthetic model ba sed solely on the observed solar photospheric convection spectrum. We show that the characteristics of these hills can be explained by the corrugation of the surface produced by the radial flows of the conve ction. The hills in our simulations are dominated by supergranules, a well-known component of solar convection. Rossby waves have been predicted to exist within the Sun and may play an important role in the d ynamics of the solar interior, including the Sun's differential rotat ion and magnetic dynamo. Our study suggests, however, that the hills observed at the solar limb do not confirm the existence of solar Ross by waves.
House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Activity near Baits Containing (Z)-9-tricosene and Efficacy of Commercial Toxic Fly Baits on a Southern California Dairy

Sticky card captures of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), were used to compare efficacy of screen-covered baits containing sugar, sugar and 0.1% (Z)-9-tricosene, sugar and 1.0% (Z)-9-tricosene, Golden Malrin [1.1% methomyl and 0.049% (Z)-9-tricosene], and QuickBayt [0.5% imidacloprid and 0.1% (Z)-9-tricosene]. The QuickBayt treatment caught more flies per hour (mean = 116.5) than sugar alone (mean = 81.0), but the addition of (Z)-9-tricosene to sugar did not increase fly capture compared with sugar alone. More males (65% of total) than females were collected on the sticky cards for all treatments. Fly kill by plain sugar (control) and the commercial baits Golden Malrin, QuikStrike Fly Abatement strips (1.0% nithiazine), and QuickBayt was tested over a 90-min period. An average of 1.4, 5.6, 363.0, and 1,266.0 flies were killed using sugar, Golden Malrin, QuikStrike, and QuickBayt, respectively. The similarity between Golden Malrin and plain sugar reflects severe resistance to this once effective methomyl bait. A no-choice feeding assay using lab-reared methomyl-susceptible and methomyl-resistant house flies was conducted with and without (Z)-9-tricosene. Adult mortality was significantly higher in the methomyl-susceptible strain exposed to treatments containing methomyl. Lower consumption of the methomyl treatments by resistant flies suggested resistance was behavioral and mortality was not influenced by (Z)-9-tricosene for either fly strain.
The Concept of Entrepreneurial Orientation

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) - overall strategic posture toward entrepreneurship - is emerging as a predominant concept in management science. As knowledge in the area of EO has expanded, researchers have become interested in issues related to the evolution, potential contributions, and future trajectory of EO research. The purpose of this essay is to take stock of where EO scholarship has come so far, identify interesting gaps for the future, and encourage extending the knowledge frontier in this area. In order to do so, we acknowledge key developmental milestones in EO studies, attempt to make sense of the extant EO literature and highlight possible avenues for further work, and offer specific suggestions for exploring areas where EO research has not gone before. We hope our essay will show that EO research has made considerable strides over its life course as well as point to productive directions for the EO concept going forward.
Robotic Surgery: An Example of When Newer Is Not Always Better but Clearly More Expensive

When the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved the da Vinci surgical robot for clinical use in 2000, many people assumed that robotic surgery would have as much effect on improving patient outcomes as had minimally invasive,orlaparoscopic,surgery.Adecadeafteritsintroduction,laparoscopic surgery and the smaller incisions it uses produced clear evidence that patients generally did better—faster recoveries, shorter hospital stays, less bleeding, and so forth—than with more “traditional” or open surgery. That said, in some instances surgeons believe they will have better outcomes if they have both the sight and the feel of the whole area allowed by traditional incisions. The evidence associated with robotic surgery, however, has been considerably less compelling. The lead researcher on robotics at ECRI (formerly known as the Emergency Care Research Institute), a nonprofit organization that brings applied scientific research to assess the effect of medical procedures, devices, drugs, and processes on patient outcomes, recently commented that with publications on robotic surgery with varying study designs and variable conclusions appearing monthly, it becomes challenging to draw definitive conclusions comparing robotic surgery with traditional laparoscopic surgery. It also depends on which type of surgery is being compared. 1 The incremental costs associated with the da Vinci procedure are less debated, with costs ranging from $3,000 to $6,000 more than traditional laparoscopic surgery. As more procedures are performed and more evidence is accumulated, some types of procedures have been found more likely to benefit from robotic surgery, while other types have not. Not surprisingly, the difference tends to be associated with those areas in the body that are difficult
Epithelial downgrowth after penetrating keratoplasty: imaging by high-resolution optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy.

Purpose:To report the clinical utility of high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) combined with in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to diagnose and follow the effectiveness of treatment of 2 cases of epithelial downgrowth after penetrating keratoplasty.Methods:A retrosp
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC VORTEX BREAKDOWN ON SLENDER DELTA WING PLANFORMS

An experimental study of leading edge vortex breakdown on a family of delta wings is currently being conducted at the University of Notre Dame. Flow visualization and imaging processing techniques were used to measure the location of vortex breakdown as a function of angle of attack or roll angle. Both static and dynamic experiments were conducted. The models were driven through dynamic pitch sweeps for a zero roll angle, and for a fixed angle of attack the models were driven through dynamic roll sweeps. This paper reviews the results obtained for a 65" swept wing. Two models were used in the study, both models had the same leading edge sweep but different leading edge geometries. A centerbody was added to the delta wing to examine its influence on vortex breakdown location. Results are presented that show the influence of the leading edge geometry and the centerbody on the static and dynamic location of vortex breakdown. For the dynamic models, vortex breakdown was found to lag the corresponding location from static experiments. Data is presented that shows the influence of the motion amplitude and reduced frequency on the vortex hysteresis.
Mechanical properties and defect sensitivity of diamond nanothreads.

One of the newest carbon allotropes synthesized are diamond nanothreads. Using molecular dynamics, we determine the stiffness (850 GPa), strength (26.4 nN), extension (14.9%), and bending rigidity (5.35 × 10–28 N·m2). The 1D nature of the nanothread results in a tenacity of 4.1 × 107 N·m/kg, exceeding nanotubes and graphene. As the thread consists of repeating Stone–Wales defects, through steered molecular dynamics (SMD), we explore the effect of defect density on the strength, stiffness, and extension of the system.
Binding of fluorescent insulin to intracellular antibodies in guinea pigs immunized with insulin.

SummaryFluorescein isothiocyanate-insulin (bovine and porcine) conjugates, containing 2 to 3 chromatographic and electrophoretic fractions, showed a 70–80% retention of capacity to bind insulin antibodies, produced in guinea pigs, as compared to unmodified crystalline insulin. The conjugates and unconjugated insulin-I131 behaved similarly, electrophoretically and chromatographically, in the presence of antibody. Direct staining, with fluorescent insulin, of frozen sections of lymphoid tissues from guinea pigs immunized with insulin produced specific cytoplasmic fluorescence in plasma cells which were present in increased numbers. Non-lymphoid tissues from the same animals contained no specifically staining elements beyond occasional scattered plasma cells. No differences in staining were observed when lymphoid tissues from animals immunized with bovine insulin were stained with porcine fluorescent insulin and vice versa.
Variation in moss floras of granite outcrops in the southern Piedmont, eastern U.S.A.

Abstract Moss floras on granite outcrops in the Piedmont of Georgia and Alabama were studied by conducting thorough inventories of 15 outcrops, with the objective of investigating variation in moss flora composition among granite outcrops of different sizes. Across all 15 study sites 78 species were collected, with the number of species per site ranging from 23 at the smallest to 57 at the largest. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses comparing species number with area and with perimeter length showed that, of the four models tested, three nonlinear models produced substantially better results than the linear model, with the power model producing the best fitting curves among these three. In addition, species number was found to be more closely correlated with perimeter length than with area. Thirty-two of the most frequent species comprised the core group of granite outcrop mosses; they each occurred at 60–100% of the 15 sites and formed the bulk of the floras of all but the two largest outcrops. Eig...
N-Alkylpyrrolidine·Alane Compounds for Energy Applications

Aluminum hydride (AlH3) has high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities and is thus a promising hydrogen storage material. As part of our effort to develop a cost-effective regeneration pathway for AlH3, we report the synthesis and characterization of N-alkylpyrrolidine·alane complexes (NMPy)2·AlH3, NMPy·AlH3, and NEPy·AlH3 (NMPy = N-methylpyrrolidine, NEPy = N-ethylpyrrolidine); the reversible formation of (NMPy)2·AlH3 from titanium-doped aluminum metal (denoted as Al*), H2 gas, and NMPy; and thermal decomposition studies of these alane adducts. Depending on the stoichiometric ratios of NMPy to AlH3, both the 2:1 complex (NMPy)2·AlH3 and the 1:1 complex NMPy·AlH3 can be selectively synthesized by direct reactions of NMPy with AlH3, whereas NEPy gives only the 1:1 adduct NEPy·AlH3 regardless of the ratio of NEPy to AlH3. In addition, the reversible formation of (NMPy)2·AlH3 from titanium-doped aluminum powder (Al*) and NMPy under a H2 pressure of 1000 psi was observed, while no alane formation was ...
Incidence of emboli with cloth-covered Starr-Edwards valve without anticoagulation and with varying forms of anticoagulation. Analysis of 183 patients followed for 3 1/2 years.

One hundred eighty-three patients with cloth-covered valves were studied from 1½ to 8 years after operation, with an average follow-up time of 3½ years. Over the total period, patients taking Coumadin sustained a 4 percent embolic incidence (1.2 per 100 patient-years); those taking aspirin had a 7 percent incidence (2.6 per 100 patient-years); and those taking Persantine had a 43 percent incidence (10 per 100 patient-years). Patients on no regimen of anticoagulation had a 16 percent embolic rate (four per 100 patient-years), whereas another group of patients who stopped anticoagulants after a year incurred a 13 percent embolic incidence in the subsequent 2 years (6.4 per 100 patient-years). These data showed a significantly lowered embolic rate with anticoagulation and suggest that all patients with cloth-covered valves should be taking anticoagulants. That these valves become epithelialized and do not form thrombus after a year was not borne out by this study. Persantine alone is not a satisfactory anticoagulant. Coumadin appears to be the superior anticoagulant, but if careful monitoring of its use is in question or if serious bleeding complications ensue, aspirin may provide satisfactory protection.
Nutrition and bone health

Low bone mass leads to fracture risk. Osteoporosis affects over 10% of the population and one of every two women over the age of 50 years. Genetics predicts more than half of bone mass. Diet and weight bearing exercise are two lifestyle choices that can influence the risk of fracture. Nutrients are the structural constituents of bone. As bone is a living tissue and turns over, albeit more slowly than other tissues, there is an obligatory loss of minerals daily that must be replaced through diet. Three servings of dairy products daily are recommended to replace those losses. Alternative sources of nutrients can come from calcium fortified orange juice, plant-based beverages, or tofu to provide many nutrients needed for bone health. Supplements can provide nutrients at risk for being inadequate such as calcium or vitamin D.
Chinese Contract Formation: The Roles of Confucianism, Communism, and International Influences

China has opened its doors to the world so understanding Chinese contract law is crucial to succeeding in international business transactions. The United States and China are both signatories to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), and both nations have declared that neither are bound under Article 1(1)(b), which means that if a contractual conflict arises, the domestic law of either nation may apply when interpreting the contract. China only requires offer and acceptance whereas the United States requires mutual assent and consideration, so contract interpretation may be problematic. Beyond offer and acceptance, Chinese contract formation law has also been heavily influenced by Confucianism, Communism, and China's desire to enter the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article addresses the background and impact of past, present, and future influences in Chinese contract law and discusses several imminent problems that still exist with Chinese law on contract formation.
Development of Correlation Between Standard Penetration Test and Pressuremeter Test for Clayey Sand and Sandy Soil

The standard penetration test (SPT) and Menard’s pressuremeter test (PMT) are among the available in-situ techniques. This research has been carried out with the aim to develop correlations among the in-situ parameters obtained by both methods.
Pharmacokinetics of Cefepime in Patients with Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia in the Setting of Hematologic Malignancies or Hematopoeitic Cell Transplantation.

tudy Objective To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of standard cefepime dosing regimens in a hematologic malignancy and hematopoietic cell transplant patient population with febrile neutropenia. Design Open-label, single-center, prospective pharmacokinetic study. Setting National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center. Patients Nine adults with hematologic malignancies or hematopoietic cell transplants who had febrile neutropenia and were admitted to a hematology-oncology service between January and July 2014. Intervention Patients received empirical cefepime 2 g every 8 hours, administered as a 30-minute intravenous infusion, for febrile neutropenia. Measurements and Main Results Steady-state cefepime serum concentrations were measured after at least 2 days of continuous therapy. Venous blood samples were intensively sampled between 0 and 8 hours after the start of the 30-minute infusion at steady state. Seven of the nine patients had a hematologic malignancy diagnosis of acute leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma, and two patients had a germ cell tumor diagnosis. Noncompartmental analysis revealed mean ± SD parameters as follows at steady state: area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0–8 hours 222.9 ± 72.9 mg hour/L, maximum concentration 120.9 ± 21.8 mg/L, clearance 9.7 ± 3.7 L/hour, apparent volume of distribution 19.2 ± 4.65 L, and elimination half-life 1.4 ± 0.3 hours. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model identified a mean ± SD volume of distribution of 20.9 ± 1.3 L and an elimination rate constant of 0.39 ± 0.03 hour−1. The mean estimated percentage of time that drug concentration remains above the pathogen minimum inhibitory concentration (fT>MIC) in serum was 55%, 77%, and 99% at MICs of 16, 8, and 4 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion Patients with hematologic malignancies or hematopoietic cell transplants who had febrile neutropenia demonstrated homogeneous calculated cefepime volumes and clearances. The population parameters presented in this study may aid in the calculation of patient-specific fT>MIC for similar patients.
The Influence of Restaurant Co-workers' Perceived Warmth and Competence on Employees' Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Job Attitudes

Abstract The current study examines the influence of co-workers’ perceived warmth and competence on employees’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions in a casual dining restaurant setting. The warmth and competence dimensions represent two fundamental social dimensions that people often use to evaluate other individuals or groups. The current findings determined that co-workers’ perceived warmth and competence had significant effects on employees’ job satisfaction, which in turn improved their organizational commitment. Furthermore, job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediated the relationships between co-workers’ perceived warmth and competence and employees’ turnover intentions. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Sri Chinmoy on the nature and goals of contemplative practice

Sri Chinmoy (1931–2007) has written extensively on the concrete details of contemplative practice as well as its purpose in the wider context of yoga as a system of spiritual disciplines leading to God-realization. The paper summarizes his teachings with an emphasis on how contemplative practice is done and how it works in attaining its goals. Sri Chinmoy distinguishes between concentration, meditation and contemplation (the last a term he reserves for highly advanced practice). While not offering a single “technique” but rather a toolbox of many techniques from which the practitioner can choose, he commends a particular basic approach or method while always recognizing the validity of other approaches. On the path of love, devotion and surrender, Sri Chinmoy emphasizes a focus on the heart and cultivation of aspiration, an inner cry for self-transcendence. In actual practice, this approach attenuates the ego and eventually brings illumination into a person’s entire consciousness. The paper explains how this process relates to samādhi, which is described, and the difference between samādhi and realization. The paper also touches on the relation between meditation and action and the further goal, beyond God-realization, of “God-manifestation” or integral transformation of the individual, human society and the evolving cosmos.
A Circular Lattice-Smoothness Priors Multichannel Time Varying Autoregressive Model

Abstract A method for the multichannel autoregressive modeling of nonstationary covariance time series data is shown. The multichannel modeling is achieved doing things one channel at-a-time using only scalar computations. Our method exploits the smoothness priors modeling (Gersch and Kitagawa 1988 ) of partial correlation coefficients in a time-varying linear regression model and the "circular lattice-form" structure (Sakai 1982) for multichannel stationary time series modeling. The circular lattice structure permits the multichannel AR model to be realized one-channel at-a- time. Smoothness priors is a Bayesian stochastic linear regression approach that permits the multichannel time varying AR model, a model with more parameters than data, to be fitted. Examples are shown.
The Immobility Response: A Predator-Induced Reaction in Chickens

Chickens restrained in the presence of a stuffed hawk remained immobile appreciably longer than controls. The extent to which the hawk influenced susceptibility to immobility also varied as a function of the distance between predator and prey. By systematically manipulating the facial characteristics of the hawk in a second and subsequent experiment, its eyes were identified as being the most significant by way of potentiating the tonic immobility reaction.
Deep belief network for automated modulation classification in cognitive radio

In this paper, we propose low-complexity binarized deep belief network (DBN) based deep learning approach along with noise resilient spectral correlation function as a feature characterization mechanism for automated modulation classification (AMC). Through simulation results, we have shown the detection accuracy of the proposed method is above than 90% when the channel SNR ≥ 0 dB and classification accuracy remains more than 85% for all the considered modulation schemes in multi-path fading channels with SNR 0 dB. Furthermore, as shown in our simulation results, the performance of our proposed binarized DBN based method is comparable to the regular DBN for SCF pattern based AMC. We consider 4FSK, 16QAM, BPSK, QPSK and OFDM with BPSK subcarrier modulations in our simulations.
(Z)-Alkene phospho-Ser-cis-Pro substrate analog for Pin1, a phosphorylation-dependent peptidyl-prolyl isomerase

Regulation of the cell cycle is of fundamental significance in developmental biology and gives rise to cancer when it goes awry. The recently discovered Pin1 is a phosphorylationdependent peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) enzyme thought to regulate mitosis via cistrans isomerization of phosphoSer-Pro amide bonds in a variety of cell cycle proteins [1]. In particular, Pin1 has been shown to bind Ser-Pro epitopes in cdc25 phosphatase, a key regulator of the cdc2/cyclinB complex [2]. The central role Pin1 plays in the cell cycle makes it an interesting target for inhibition, both for potential anti-cancer activity and for elucidation of the mechanism of mitosis regulation. It has been proposed that Pin1 recognition of the phosphoSer-Pro amide bond acts as a conformational switch in the cell cycle [3]. Preference for phosphorylated substrates by Pin1 has been clearly demonstrated [1], with the central dipeptide phosphoSer-Pro as the primary recognition element. Previous success in our laboratory utilizing a (Z)-alkene amide bond isostere to mimic the Ala-cis-Pro amide bond for the inhibition of the PPIase cyclophilin led us to design an analogous inhibitor based on a substrate for Pin1 [4, 5]. Synthesis of the Boc-Sermimic proceeded with regioand enantio-selectivity through a [2,3]sigmatropic rearrangement [6]. We have synthesized the Ser unprotected substrate peptide BocPhePheSerProArg(Mts)-p-nitroanilide for phosphorylation of Ser as a model for elaboration of the mimic into the analogous peptide mimic. Synthesis and phosphorylation of the mimic are reported. Inhibition of Pin1 by this conformationally constrained cis-Pro mimic is expected to provide evidence for the hypothesis of a conformational switch mechanism for cell cycle regulation.
In vivo Tracking of Copper-64 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles in Lactuca sativa

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in commercial products including automotive lubricants, clothing, deodorants, sunscreens, and cosmetics and can potentially accumulate in our food supply. Given their size it is difficult to detect and visualize the presence of NPs in environmental samples, including crop plants. New analytical tools are needed to fill the void for detection and visualization of NPs in complex biological and environmental matrices. We aimed to determine whether radiolabeled NPs could be used as a noninvasive, highly sensitive analytical tool to quantitatively track and visualize NP transport and accumulation in vivo in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and to investigate the effect of NP size on transport and distribution over time using a combination of autoradiography, positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). Azide functionalized NPs were radiolabeled via a “click” reaction with c...
Book Review: Karl Barth's Theology as a Resource for a Christian Theology of Religions:

Karl Barth's Theology as a Resource for a Christian Theology of Religions. By Sven Ensminger. London: Bloomsbury TT $29.95 (paper).Scholars working in the theology of religions field often pigeonhole Karl Barth as an exclusivist, because of his insistence on Jesus Christ as the norm and source of revelation and salvation. As Sven Ensminger notes, the pluralist John Hick, who conceives the various world religions as spokes pointing toward one transcendent reality, dismisses Barths corpus as a "sublime bigotry" inimical to interreligious dialogue and a global human ethic (p. 60). Less tendentiously, perhaps, Gavin D'Costa reads Barth as inconsistently combining elements of exclusivism, pluralism, and inclusivism (the view that non-Christians might come to a saving faith in Jesus outside of an explicit faith commitment).Ensminger deconstructs such stereotypes through a careful and close reading of Barth's work. The Swiss Protestant theologian, he notes, never developed a complete theology of religions, despite a stated desire to do so one day. Consequently, interpreters have had to sift through seemingly isolated passages in Barths oeuvre to interpret his approach to non-Christian faiths. A trenchant critique of religion as a source of idolatry (in Church Dogmatics 1/2, par. 17), receives much attention-so much so, in fact, that Barth has sometimes been read as advocating a "religionless Christianity" similar to the proposal in Bonhoeffer s prison letters. Ensminger, however, drawing upon recent scholarship on this passage, reads it primarily as an intraecclesial critique of a Christian hubris that would cling to revelation as a birthright, rather than as a gift fostering charity toward religious outsiders. Also frequent grist for the mill is a passage from the later Barth (CD TV/3, par. 69) that discerns "parables" of die kingdom in secular culture-lesser "lights" outside the church that reflect Christ, the one true light.The key problem, as Ensminger ably demonstrates, is that interpreters have read Barth too narrowly and too selectively, focusing on diese two passages, along with Barths occasional comments on other religious traditions-for example, a fascinating excursus on the role of grace in Amida Buddhism. If one would engage Barth's interpretations of religion, one must read his work as a whole. To that end, Ensminger offers four chapters that deal, respectively, with Barth's doctrine of Christ die one revealer, the foundation for all that follows; his interpretation of the role of religion as the "human face" ingredient to die reception of revelation; his tiieological anthropology diat stresses the solidarity of all people in sin and grace; and his revisionist account of election as embracing all people, whether they realize it yet or not. …
Yield of Emergent Neuroimaging in Patients With Sturge-Weber Syndrome Presenting With Acute Neurologic Symptoms:

Background/Aims:Seizures, strokelike episodes, and headaches are common complications in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Based on our experience, we hypothesized that patients with Sturge-Webe...
Critical Canon Pedagogy: Applying Disciplinary Inquiry to Cultivate Canonical Critical Consciousness

In this article, Jeanne Dyches investigates the ways in which inquiry models of instruction have failed to provide students with a space in which to grapple with discipline-specific histories and hegemonies. Accordingly, this study offers critical canon pedagogy (CCP) to help students problematize and disrupt the practices specific to a discipline. Drawing from critical curriculum theory and critical Whiteness studies, Dyches details the experiences of high school students who participated in a CCP unit that investigated the disciplinary practices that have marked the teaching of canonical British literature in secondary English classrooms. Dyches shows how the unit provided students with an opportunity to restory their entirely White curriculum and, in doing so, reconsider and resist the traditional narratives and voices of the canon, develop an increased sense of canonical critical consciousness, and demonstrate a sense of discipline-specific agentive identity.
Can Google Analytics Certification Cultivate PR Students' Competency in Digital Analytics? A Longitudinal Pedagogical Research.

This longitudinal pedagogical research investigates students’ perceptions and learning outcomes by integrating web and social analytics–based learning activities (i.e., Google Analytics courses and...
Meditation in context: factors that facilitate prosocial behavior

Contemplative science experienced tremendous growth in the past five years in part through new attention to the social processes and prosocial outcomes associated with meditation. Despite this growth, questions persist about the mechanisms and contexts through which meditation increases or fails to increase prosocial behavior. In this article, I draw on Buddhist traditions and empirical efforts to understand the ethical and relational contexts that promote prosocial behavior. In summary, meditation promises a viable approach to increase prosocial behavior, but future research will require a careful, holistic examination of contemplative contexts that foster those outcomes.
On the Concept of Curve: Geometry and Algebra, from Mathematical Modernity to Mathematical Modernism

We consider the concept of curve in the context of the transition from mathematical “modernity” to mathematical “modernism,” the transition defined, the article argues, by the movement from the primacy of geometrical to the primacy of algebraic thinking. The article also explores the ontological and epistemological aspects of this transition and the connections between modernist mathematics and modernist physics, especially quantum theory, in this set of contexts.