cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Deep-Tier Visibility on Effective Resilience Assessment of Supply Networks

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic further underscored the importance of effectively managing supply chains' resilience, which is particularly important for companies facing complex and global deep-tiered supply networks. While most disruptions originate upstream to a firm's immediate suppliers, unfortunately, most firms still lack visibility into the deeper tiers of the supply network. Beyond this, the extant literature on network resilience is mostly focused on simplistic static network analysis methods. We propose an effective method for resilience assessment of deep-tier supply networks. The proposed framework relies on discrete-event simulation informed by secondary data sources and global supply risk assessment/metric databases for improving the assessment of resilience for a firm. We also demonstrate that deep-tier visibility can be critical for effective resilience assessment of global networks. We validate the efficiency of the proposed method using a case-study informed by a real-world automotive supply network. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis approach is proposed to provide better directional guidance to decision-makers on the means to improve network resilience.
Creditor Rights, Access to Finance, and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Using difference-in-difference approach, we find that strengthening creditor rights, after the staggered enactment of anti-recharacterization laws that enhanced the ability of creditors to repossess collateral during bankruptcy, leads to higher CSR and improves CSR strengths and CSR areas that directly relate to firms’ primary stakeholders. Stronger creditor rights lead to more corporate social performance in financially constrained firms and in those with increased post-shock debt financing and risk taking. Our new evidence suggests that stronger creditor rights increase CSR of firms that value external financing, shifting the attention more squarely to access to finance as a driver of CSR and points that strengthening stakeholders’ rights and relaxing the financial constraints of firms can lead to improved CSR.
Acquired tracheomalacia due to aortic aneurysm managed with venopulmonary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for perioperative support.

Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has diverse applications. In the present report, we have described a case of tracheomalacia from a thoracic aortic aneurysm causing respiratory failure. Total arch replacement with reverse frozen elephant trunk grafting was performed. Perioperative ECMO support was accomplished with venopulmonary artery ECMO. This strategy allowed for preoperative oxygenation support, venous drainage during cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperative support without cannula exchanges. Our patient required ECMO support for 12 days postoperatively. We have illustrated a unique case of acquired tracheomalacia but also an ECMO cannulation strategy allowing for preoperative oxygenation, seamless transition to cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperative support.
[Pharmacological characteristics and clinical study results of Pemigatinib (Pemazyre® Tablets), a selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor].

Pemigatinib (Pemazyre® Tablets 4.5 mg) is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, created by Incyte Corporation. The product was approved in March 2021 and was launched in June 2021 for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or rearrangement that has progressed after at least one prior line of systemic therapy. Pemigatinib was shown to selectively inhibit kinase activity of FGFR1～3 (IC50; 0.39～1.2 nM). In cultured cells, pemigatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its downstream signals, ERK1/2 and STAT5 in a concentration-dependent manner. Pemigatinib also potently inhibited the growth of various types of cell lines with FGFR 1～3 gene alteration. Pemigatinib was shown to induce concentration-dependent tumor regression in a tumor xenograft model mice in which tumor tissue sections from patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) harboring FGFR2 gene fusions were transplanted. Pemigatinib was well tolerated in Japanese and overseas Phase1 studies (INCB 54828-101 and 202). In the global phase2 study (INCB 54828-202) conducted in CCA patients with FGFR2 gene fusions or rearrangements, significant improvement in the overall response rate was observed. Although several adverse reactions were observed which was based on the mechanism of action of pemigatinib, the safety profile and management of the adverse reactions were favorable. Pemigatinib is expected to contribute to second-line drug treatment after failure of standard therapies in biliary tract cancer.
Dictionary-Sparse Recovery via Thresholding-Based Algorithms

It is shown that the iterative hard thresholding and hard thresholding pursuit algorithms provide the same theoretical guarantees as \(\ell _1\)-minimization for the recovery from imperfect compressive measurements of signals that have almost sparse analysis expansions in a fixed dictionary. Unlike other signal space algorithms targeting the recovery of signals with sparse synthesis expansions, the ability to compute (near) best approximations by synthesis-sparse signals is not necessary. The results are first established for tight frame dictionaries, before being extended to arbitrary dictionaries modulo an adjustment of the measurement process.
Modeling the Effects of Privatization

Given that the study intends to show why governments might rely on privatization in order to accomplish short-term macroeconomic objectives, the following section applies a framework that is frequently used by governments to evaluate short- and medium-term policy options. Despite its limitations126, it can be used to illustrate quantitatively why policymakers might be inclined to use privatization to manage particular macroeconomic challenges and why they might be inclined to exploit privatization for short-term policy objectives. While the previous sections analyzed key macroeconomic aspects of privatization separately, the framework assures that fiscal, monetary, and balance-of-payments aspects of privatization are evaluated simultaneously.[127] In particular, the following model combines the accounting framework of a financial program[128] with the behavioral equations of a small-open economy.[129]
Moisture Movement in the Wood Cell Wall

Wood is continually changing in moisture content both during the initial drying from the green condition and during subsequent use. The latter changes are due to changes in atmospheric humidity and temperature which may be sporadic or somewhat cyclic, or both. Therefore moisture and related gradients are usually present in wood even in its final product form.
Exploratory factor analysis in behavior genetics research: Factor recovery with small sample sizes

Results of a Monte Carlo study of exploratory factor analysis demonstrate that in studies characterized by low sample sizes the population factor structure can be adequately recovered if communalities are high, model error is low, and few factors are retained. These are conditions likely to be encountered in behavior genetics research involving mean scores obtained from sets of inbred strains. Such studies are often characterized by a large number of measured variables relative to the number of strains used, highly reliable data, and high levels of communality. This combination of characteristics has special consequences for conducting factor analysis and interpreting results. Given that limitations on sample size are often unavoidable, it is recommended that researchers limit the number of expected factors as much as possible.
VALIDATION OF HUMAN BODY MODELING FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION

The two purpose of this paper are to discuss the state of the art of correlation and validation of mathematical crash victim simulators and to describe recently developed software, the Validation Control Language or VCL, which is designed to aid the user as he conducts correlation or validation studies. /SRIS/
The dynamic effects of fiscal and monetary policies under bond financing: A theoretical simulation approach to crowding out

Abstract This paper uses simulation methods to analyze the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy within a reasonably rich dynamic macroeconomic model, characterized by secular inflation. The most clear cut result to emerge is that fiscal expansion, specified as being an increase in government expenditure, leads to instability. This finding confirms the conclusions obtained from more formal analyses of simpler systems. In most of the sample sets considered, the instability takes the form of crowding out, whereby the initial expansion creates subsequent recessionary pressures. However, in a minority of cases, the nature of the instability is reversed and takes the form of an explosive boom.
Fate of Heavy Metal Contaminants in a Former Sewage Treatment Lagoon, Hancock County, Ohio

A Former sewage sludge lagoon, thoroughly mixed and abandoned in 1999, was analyzed to determine the subsequent mobility of heavy metals and their relationship to the dominant plant species at the site. ICP analyses of soils taken with respect to depth relative to the root zone and association with either common ragweed or stinging nettles revealed noticeable differences. In the five years since abandonment, the heavy metals have been stratified due to leaching and plant uptake, with the majority of metals showing higher concentrations at more shallow depths. Although stinging nettles can uptake higher concentrations of heavy metals into their plant parts, the soils do not have an associated reduction in heavy metal content. As the plants die in the fall, the heavy metals are returning to the soil as vegetation decays. Ragweed is less capable of incorporating the heavy metals into its biomass and is found associated with overall higher heavy metal concentrations in the soil around its roots. Thus, some ot...
Training the Translational Research Teams of the Future: UC Davis—HHMI Integrating Medicine into Basic Science Program

There is a need for successful models of how to recruit, train, and retain bench scientists at the earliest stages of their careers into translational research. One recent, promising model is the University of California Davis Howard Hughes Medical Institute Integrating Medicine into Basic Science (HHMI-IMBS) program, part of the HHMI Med into Grad initiative. This paper outlines the HHMI-IMBS program's logic, design, and curriculum that guide the goal of research that moves from bedside to bench. That is, a curriculum that provides graduate students with guided translational training, clinical exposure, team science competencies, and mentors from diverse disciplines that will advance the students careers in clinical translational research and re-focusing of research to answer clinical dilemmas. The authors have collected data on 55 HHMI-IMBS students to date. Many of these students are still completing their graduate work. In the current study the authors compare the initial two cohorts (15 students) with a group of 29 control students to examine the program success and outcomes. The data indicate that this training program provides an effective, adaptable model for training future translational researchers. HHMI-IMBS students showed improved confidence in conducting translational research, greater interest in a future translational career, and higher levels of research productivity and collaborations than a comparable group of predoctoral students.
What Evidence Is There That Gadobutrol Causes Increasing Signal Intensity within the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus on Unenhanced T1W MRI in Patients with RRMS

KEY POINTS : The study by Stojanov et al does not convincingly support the conclusion that gadobutrol causes higher T1 enhancement in brain on unenhanced MRI. The study by Stojanov et al does not rule out confounding factors . The study by Stojanov et al has limitations in study design.
Do Market Participants Care about Portfolio Disclosure? Evidence from Hedge Funds’ 13F Filings

We examine market participants’ use of hedge funds’ 13F filings. We detect abnormal trading volume and positive returns immediately after disclosure, likely due to copycat investors. However, we find no evidence that long-term investors benefit from 13F based trading. We also find abnormal negative returns around hedge fund SEC investigation announcements, again suggesting 13F-based trading. These reactions are unique to hedge funds, as a mutual fund sample does not have similar results. Overall, our findings suggest that market participants attempt to take advantage of hedge fund disclosures, but only limited evidence that they actually benefit from such actions.
Bi-conjugate gradient FFT method for magnetodielectric objects in layered media

Scattering problem for magnetodielectric objects in the background of layered media has widespread applications, such as antenna analysis and unknown targets detection. Considering the fact that objects are usually inhomogeneous and have arbitrary shape, the volume integral equations are the more appropriate choice to solve. However, this work is very challenging because of the following two reasons: first, for the reason that both permittivity and permeability of the objects are different from the background, the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) should be solved simultaneously; second, the evaluation of the layered media Green's functions is one of the most important and time-consuming components of solving the integral equations.
Abrogation of suppression of delayed hypersensitivity induced by Candida albicans-derived mannan by treatment with monophosphoryl lipid A.

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), derived either from Salmonella minnesota or Salmonella typhimurium, was tested for its ability to alter Candida albicans mannan (MAN)-specific suppression. Since we showed previously that naive mice injected intravenously (i.v.) with MAN developed suppressor T cells capable of down-regulating delayed-type hypersensitivity when transferred to immunized recipients, MLA was tested for its ability to influence suppressor activity in the donors of suppressor cells. T-lymphocyte-enriched suspensions from donor mice treated with MLA, especially that derived from S. typhimurium, 2 or 3 days after the injection of MAN lost the ability to suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity when transferred to immunized mice. Transferable suppressor activity was reduced but not always completely abrogated when donor animals were treated with MLA 1 day following the administration of MAN. In several experiments, S. minnesota MLA also abrogated activity, but it was not effective in other transfer experiments. In a different type of experiment, MLA was given to immunized mice which had been suppressed directly with MAN. Mice were immunized, either by the introduction of C. albicans intragastrically followed by inoculation intradermally (i.d.) or by two i.d. inoculations, and MAN-specific suppressor cells were induced in such animals by the i.v. injection of MAN 1 day before the first or second i.d. inoculation in animals given intragastric plus i.d. inoculations and those given two i.d. inoculations, respectively. MLA was administered to such mice prior to the i.v. injection of MAN, on the same day, or 1 to 4 days thereafter. S. typhimurium MLA, especially when given to mice 2 days following the administration of MAN, caused a partial abrogation of suppressor activity. Overall, however, MLA, at 5 to 100 micrograms, had variable and minimal effects on suppressor activity in immunized mice suppressed by the i.v. administration of MAN. In summary, MLA is clearly capable of abrogating MAN-induced suppression when given to nonimmunized animals in which MAN-specific suppressor cells had been induced, but its efficacy in immunized animals suppressed by the i.v. administration of MAN was marginal.
IFLA 2005: 71st World Library and Information Congress

Purpose – To share with readers the issues and coverage of a large international conference.Design/methodology/approach – Conference report of the IFLA 2005 71st World Library and Information Congress held in Oslo, Norway August 14‐18, 2005.Findings – Different sections in each of IFLA’s Divisions held numerous meetings and programs and some highlights are shared. A large vendor and trade exhibition was held. Library visits to different sites were held in greater Oslo. One of the main attractions was the reopening of the Norwegian National Library after a major renovation that took several years.Originality/value – Will be of interest to library and information professionals.
Synthesis of the Schiff Base 3,10-Di[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-4,9-Dimethyl-5,8-diazadodeca-4,8-diene-2,11-dione and Its Complexes with Nickel(II) Perchlorate and Nitrate

Abstract The Schiff base 3,10-di[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-4,9-dimethyl-5,8-diazadodeca-4,8-diene-2,11-dione, abbreviated here as Ddddd, has been synthesized, characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and used to form complexes of the type [Ni(Ddddd)]X2, X = ClO4−, NO3−. The complexes have been characterized via elemental analyses, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and IR and electronic absorption spectroscopy. While the ligand itself exists entirely as hydrogen-bonded enol-imine and keto-amine tautomers, it appears to coordinate to nickel(II) as a neutral ligand in its keto-imine form. The pyridinylethyl groups coordinate only weakly with the metal center.
Geostatistics-based groundwater-level monitoring network design and its application to the Upper Floridan aquifer, USA

A geostatistical method was applied to optimize an existing groundwater-level monitoring network in the Upper Floridan aquifer for the South Florida Water Management District in the southeastern United States. Analyses were performed to determine suitable numbers and locations of monitoring wells that will provide equivalent or better quality groundwater-level data compared to an existing monitoring network. Ambient, unadjusted groundwater heads were expressed as salinity-adjusted heads based on the density of freshwater, well screen elevations, and temperature-dependent saline groundwater density. The optimization of the numbers and locations of monitoring wells is based on a pre-defined groundwater-level prediction error. The newly developed network combines an existing network with the addition of new wells that will result in a spatial distribution of groundwater monitoring wells that better defines the regional potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the study area. The network yields groundwater-level predictions that differ significantly from those produced using the existing network. The newly designed network will reduce the mean prediction standard error by 43% compared to the existing network. The adoption of a hexagonal grid network for the South Florida Water Management District is recommended to achieve both a uniform level of information about groundwater levels and the minimum required accuracy. It is customary to install more monitoring wells for observing groundwater levels and groundwater quality as groundwater development progresses. However, budget constraints often force water managers to implement cost-effective monitoring networks. In this regard, this study provides guidelines to water managers concerned with groundwater planning and monitoring.
Consequences of being accused of malpractice.

T he Cases Case I A university-trained radiologist was certified by the American Board of Radiology in 1974 and obtained a license to practice medicine in Wisconsin in 1976, when he joined a hospital-based radiology group. In 1988, the radiologist was sued for malpractice for allegedly failing to detect an avulsion fracture in the lateral condyle of the distal femur of a 61-year-old man who had undergone emergency radiographic examination of the cervical spine, facial bones, and knee (Fig. 1). The case against the radiologist was settled 1 year later for $3500. Early in 1989, the radiologist was named as a defendant in a second malpractice suit, this one alleging that he missed a colonic carcinoma on the lower gastrointestinal examination of a 35-year-old obese man. The radiologist reported the study findings as normal (Fig. 2), but an endoscopic examination performed on the patient 18 months later revealed a carcinoma of the splenic flexure. The patient died within a year, and malpractice litigation ensued. In December 1990, the parties agreed to settle the lawsuit for $750,000. In September 1993, the State of Wisconsin Medical Examining Board instituted disciplinary proceedings against the radiologist.
Breast-milk feeding of very low birth weight infants as a function of hospital demographics

Breast-milk feeding of very low birth weight infants as a function of hospital demographics
Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Elderly: Is Advanced Age a Risk Factor?

We reviewed the pharmacokinetic, physiologic and epidemiologic data concerning nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastropathy and renal insufficiency in the elderly through a structured critical reading of the literature. References were collected through a search of MEDLINE and consultation with experts in the field. While there is an abundance of pharmacokinetic data comparing relevant parameters in young and old subjects, methods are not uniform and findings are inconsistant. Prostaglandin physiology appears to be altered in older versus younger subjects. Most surprisingly, there is a scarcity of epidemiologic data examining the contribution of age as a risk factor for NSAID-induced ulcers and/or renal insufficiency. The data that do exist do not clearly support age as an independent risk factor; and we believe that comorbidities, comedications and past history are more important predictors of NSAID-induced toxicity than age and more relevant in regard to therapeutic decision-making for this patient population.
Influence of cortisone on the mortality of x-irradiated adrenalectomized mice.

THE involvement of alterations in adrenal cortical function, as a part of the response of the organism to x-irradiation, has been suggested in view of the chemical and histological changes in the adrenal cortex (Englestad and Torgerson, 1939), depletion of adrenal cortical cholesterol (Dougherty and White, 1946), and histochemical and adrenal weight changes (Patt et al, 1947), which have been observed following exposure to x-irradiation. Lawrence (1949), reported an increased urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids following x-irradiation of dogs. However, Duffy (1952), was unable to confirm this finding. An increased level of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was found in the adrenal vein of x-irradiated dogs by Bowers et al. (1952). The involvement of the adrenal cortex in x-irradiation is further supported by the amelioration of the indirect catabolic effects of x-irradiation on the thymo-lymphatic system by adrenalectomy (Leblond and Segal, 1942; Dougherty and White, 1946). Adrenalectomy has also been fo...
A Practical Solution to the Environmental Crisis: The Range of Options

This article explores two divergent meanings for the term practical solutions and uses this idea as a toolfor investigating some of the options that have been putforth for addressing environmental concerns. The range of environmental policy options stretches from those solutions whose appeal rests on the perception that they can be put into practice to those whose primary attraction is their claim that they will accomplish the task prescribedfor them. The article looks atfive of the many options that have been suggestedfor responding to environmental degradation. They can be grouped within three broad categories: (a) cornucopian free-market growth, (b) environmental economics and sustainable development, and (c) reform environmentalism and authoritarian command-and-control regulation. The dilemma in environmental politics is that solutions that are practical in the sense offeasibility may not be practical in the sense of workability.
Crash-O-Phobia: A Domestic Fear or A Worldwide Concern?

From a large options data set on major equity indexes across the world, we find that worldwide, implied volatilities of options on equity indexes exhibit strikingly similar behaviors. When plotted against moneyness, implied volatilities show a heavily skewed smirk pattern, implying that out-of-the-money put options are more expensive than the corresponding out-of-the-money call options, and that the risk-neutral return distribution for these indexes is heavily negatively skewed. Furthermore, as the option maturity increases from one month to five years, the implied volatility smirk does not flatten out, but steepens, indicating that the risk-neutral distribution of equity index returns becomes even more negatively skewed at longer horizons. The average term structure of the implied volatility level is relatively flat, and the standard deviation of the implied volatility declines as maturity increases. Although fairly persistent, the implied volatility series are stationary. Finally, principal component analysis reveals that equity index volatility movements across the world share one global component.
Changes in ingestive behavior following interruption of a noradrenergic projection to the paraventricular nucleus: Histochemical and neurochemical analyses

Histochemical investigation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) identified the tractus filiformis lateralis (TF) as a major noradrenergic preterminal pathway to the PVN. Bilateral knife cuts transecting the TF resulted in a discrete deafferentation of 56% of the noradrenergic input to the PVN region. TF transection also resulted in hypophagia and hypodipsia during the first four days after surgery. A marked hyperdipsia developed between postoperative Days 11 and 13 and persisted until sacrifice on Day 17. The results suggest that the TF contains a noradrenergic system which innervates the PVN and is involved in mediation of ingestive behaviors.
Mitochondrial myopathy involving ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) identified by immunoelectron microscopy

The distribution of respiratory chain complexes in bovine heart and human muscle mitochondria has been explored by immunoelectron microscopy with antibodies made against bovine heart mitochondrial proteins in conjunction with protein A-colloidal gold (12-nm particles). The antibodies used were made against NADH-coenzyme Q reductase (complex I), ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III), cytochrome c oxidase, core proteins isolated from complex III and the non-heme iron protein of complex III. Labeling of bovine heart tissue with any of these antibodies gave gold particles randomly distributed along the mitochondrial inner membrane. The labeling of muscle tissue from a patient with a mitochondrial myopathy localized by biochemical analysis to complex III was quantitated and compared with the labeling of human control muscle tissue. Complex I and cytochrome c oxidase antibodies reacted to the same level in myopathic and normal muscle samples. Antibodies to complex III or its components reacted very poorly to the patient's tissue but strongly to control muscle samples. Immunoelectron microscopy using respiratory chain antibodies appears to be a promising approach to the diagnosis and characterization of mitochondrial myopathies when only limited amounts of tissue are available for study.
Energy-efficient pass-transistor-logic using decision feedback equalization

Decision feedback equalization (DFE) has been used to improve energy efficiency and/or reduce error rate in communication links. We propose a novel circuit technique which applies DFE techniques to pass transistor logic (PTL)-based computational circuits to mitigate errors, and reduce energy per computation or improve performance. We also present an optimization framework for designing low energy equalized PTL circuits that meet target performance and error rate specifications. On average, for the same operating frequency and error rate, the equalized PTL design consumes between 15% and 30% lower energy per operation than PTL and static complementary logic, respectively.
It's not the dollars, it's the politics

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss library budgets.Design/methodology/approach – Provides a viewpoint on library budgets.Findings – Librarians must accept much of the burden for our condition. We have not been politically effective; we have not adequately made our case; we have not proposed the new program or project that will open the door to a brighter future. We can do better; it is time to get about it.Originality/value – Provides a viewpoint on library budgets.
Development of the Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process, Part 2: Surface Integrity and Roundness

This study investigates the surface integrity and roundness of parts created by the cylindrical wire EDM process. A mathematical model for the arithmetic average surface roughness on the ideal surface of a cylindrical wire EDM workpiece is first derived. Effects of wire feed rate and part rotational speed on the surface finish and roundness for brass and carbide work-materials at high material removal rates are investigated. The pulse on-time and wire feed rate are varied to explore the best possible surface finish and roundness achievable by the cylindrical wire EDM process. This study has demonstrated that, for carbide parts, an arithmetic average surface roughness and roundness as low as 0.68 and 1.7 mm, respectively, can be achieved. Surfaces of the cylindrical EDM parts were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify the macro-ridges and craters on the surface. Cross-sections of the EDM parts are examined using the SEM to quantify the sub-surface recast layers and heat-affected zones under various process parameters. This study has demonstrated that the cylindrical wire EDM process parameters can be adjusted to achieve either high material removal rate or good surface integrity and roundness. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1475989]
Associations between Marijuana Use During Emerging Adulthood and Aspects of the Significant Other Relationship in Young Adulthood

We used a prospective design to examine the association of marijuana use during the transition from late adolescence to early adulthood with reported relationship quality with significant other in the mid- to late twenties. The community-based sample consisted of 534 young adults (mean age=27) from upstate New York. The participants were interviewed at four points in time at mean ages 14, 16, 22, and 27 years. Marijuana use during the transition from late adolescence to early adulthood was associated with less relationship cohesion and harmony, and with more relationship conflict with control on variables reflecting the participants’ early interpersonal adjustment and the quality of the relationships with their parents. Our findings suggest that marijuana use during emerging adulthood predicts diminished relationship quality with a partner in the mid- to late twenties.
An analysis of IS technical career paths and job satisfaction

Technical career paths have been implemented in Information Systems (IS) departments to address the career development needs of employees whose career aspirations are not met by the traditional managerial career path. Understanding how to meet the needs of the technically oriented IS employee is important to IS career planning and development. Much has been written in both academic and popular literature about what composes a successful technical career path. Equity theory has been used in much of the existing research on technical career paths. This literature suggests that a successful technical career path should provide equitable rewards to those of a managerial career path. The present research establishes scales for four "key success factors" - equitable compensation, career path status, decision making influence, and career planning tool availability --- and examines the relationship of perceived equity of these factors to job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is relevant to an organization because it has been shown to be related to motivation to stay in an organization and organizational commitment. IS personnel on a technical career path were surveyed with regard to their equity perceptions and job satisfaction. Scales for the perception of equity for all four success factors were established. Data analysis showed that only the perception of equity of career planning tool availability is related to job satisfaction for these employees. Implications for management and areas for further research are discussed.
Coordinated Optimization of Cooling and IT Power in Data Centers

Concurrency and exchanging design knowledge among thermal and IT management are required to achieve an energy efficient operational data center. In this paper, a design approach is presented to bring adaptability and concurrency for coordinated minimization of cooling and IT power consumption in data centers. The presented approach is centered on a proper orthogonal decomposition based reduced order thermal modeling approach, and power profiling of the IT equipment to identify the optimal parameters of the air cooling systems along with optimal dynamic workload distribution among the servers. The method is applied to a data center cell with different rack and server architectures. The results show that the design approach results in 12-70% saving in the total energy consumption of the data center cell for various scenarios, compared with a baseline design.
The biochemistry of photorespiration

Abstract Atmospheric oxygen inhibits net photosynthesis in many major crop species by stimulating photorespiratory metabolism and directly inhibiting carbon dioxide fixation. There are now several lines of evidence which indicate that the site of this reversible oxygen interaction with photosynthesis is ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.
Exact results for a damped quantum-mechanical harmonic oscillator

Exact calculations for a quantum oscillator linearly coupled to a thermal reservoir are presented. Explicit results (variances and correlations) for the response and the spontaneous fluctuations are evaluated for two different models of the heat bath; a reservoir with a spectrum which is similar to that of acoustic phonons and another which is analogous to optic phonons. The low-temperature behavior is shown to depend sensitively on the spectral density of the thermal reservoir. The mass and the frequency of the oscillator become renormalized through the coupling to the bath. These renormalizations are intrinsically frequency dependent. Moreover, the commonly used form of Ehrenfest's equation for the dynamics of the linearly damped oscillator is shown to only be a reasonable approximation within certain frequency regimes.
Validated finite element models of the proximal femur using two-dimensional projected geometry and bone density

Two-dimensional finite element models of cadaveric femoral stiffness were developed to study their suitability as surrogates of bone stiffness and strength, using two-dimensional representations of femoral geometry and bone mineral density distributions. If successfully validated, such methods could be clinically applied to estimate patient bone stiffness and strength using simpler and less costly radiographs. Two-dimensional femur images were derived by projection of quantitative computed tomography scans of 22 human cadaveric femurs. The same femurs were fractured in a fall on the hip configuration. Femoral stiffness and fracture load were measured, and high speed video was recorded. Digital image correlation analysis was used to calculate the strain distribution from the high speed video recordings. Two-dimensional projection images were segmented and meshed with second-order triangular elements for finite element analysis. Elastic moduli of the finite elements were calculated based on the projected mineral density values inside the elements. The mapping of projection density values to elastic modulus was obtained using optimal parameter identification in a set of nine of the 22 specimens, and validated on the remaining 13 specimens. Finite element calculated proximal stiffness and strength correlated much better with experimental data than areal bone mineral density alone. In addition, finite element calculated strain distributions compared very well with strains obtained from digital image processing of the high speed video recordings, further validating the two-dimensional projected subject-specific finite element models.
Acetylene fuel from atmospheric CO2 on Mars

The Mars mission scenario proposed by Baker and Zubrin (1990) intended for an unmanned preliminary mission is extended to maximize the total impulse of fuel produced with a minimum mass of hydrogen from Earth. The hydrogen along with atmospheric carbon dioxide is processed into methane and oxygen by the exothermic reaction in an atmospheric processing module. Use of simple chemical reactions to produce acetylene/oxygen rocket fuel on Mars from hydrogen makes it possible to produce an amount of fuel that is nearly 100 times the mass of hydrogen brought from earth. If such a process produces the return propellant for a manned Mars mission, the required mission mass in LEO is significantly reduced over a system using all earth-derived propellants.
Activated Cardiac Adenosine A1 Receptors Translocate Out of Caveolae

The cardiac affects of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, are well known. Adenosine increases coronary blood flow, exerts direct negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects, and exerts indirect anti-adrenergic effects. These effects of adenosine are mediated via the activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors. There is increasing evidence that caveolae play a role in the compartmentalization of receptors and second messengers in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. Several reports demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors redistribute to caveolae in response to receptor occupation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine A1 receptors would translocate to caveolae in the presence of agonists. Surprisingly, in unstimulated rat cardiac ventricular myocytes, 67 ± 5% of adenosine A1receptors were isolated with caveolae. However, incubation with the adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-chlorocyclopentyladenosine induced the rapid translocation of the A1 receptors from caveolae into non-caveolae plasma membrane, an effect that was blocked by the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. An adenosine A2areceptor agonist did not alter the localization of A1receptors to caveolae. These data suggest that the translocation of A1 receptors out of caveolae and away from compartmentalized signaling molecules may explain why activation of ventricular myocyte A1 receptors are associated with few direct effects.
Leveled Commitment Contracts and Strategic Breach

Abstract In (automated) negotiation systems for self-interested agents, contracts have traditionally been binding. They do not accommodate future events. Contingency contracts address this, but are often impractical. As an alternative, we propose leveled commitment contracts. The level of commitment is set by breach penalties. To be freed from the contract, an agent simply pays the penalty to the other party. A self-interested agent will be reluctant to breach because the other party might breach, in which case the former agent is freed from the contract, does not incur a penalty, and collects a penalty from the breacher. We show that, despite such strategic breach, leveled commitment increases the expected payoff to both contract parties and can enable deals that are impossible under full commitment. Asymmetric beliefs are also discussed. Different decommitting mechanisms are introduced and compared. Practical prescriptions for market designers are provided. A contract optimizer is provided on the web. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C78, D82, D83, K12, L14.
Feasibility of a second-order gravitational red-shift experiment

The number of gravitation experiments undertaken since the advent of Einstein's theory of gravitation is quite small, with, so far, only the famous perihelion-advance experiment and a recent lunar-laser-ranging experiment being capable of measuring a nonlinear, second-order effect. It now appears that another distinct test of the second-order term may be feasible through the use of very stable atomic clocks. This experiment, which would measure the second-order gravitational red-shift, is a bona fide test of the field equations of gravity, not just a test of the underlying principle of equivalence. The nature of such an experiment, the basic equations, model-orbit calculations, and some tracking-accuracy requirements are presented. It is concluded that current space-probe tracking capabilities cannot determine all the necessary orbital parameters with sufficient accuracy for this experiment at the present time.
Excitatory amino acid analogues: neurotoxicity and seizures.

Abstract The neurotoxic and convulsant properties of conformationally restricted and synthetic analogues of excitatory acidic amino acids were examined after stereotaxic injection into the striatum and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. In the striatum, neurotoxicity was quantified by the reduction in the activity of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase, markers for striatal intrinsic neurons. The following sequence of neurotoxic potencies was defined; kainic acid ∼- domoic acid ⪢ α- keto kainic acid > ibotenic acid ∼- cis- cyclopentyl glutamic acid > quisqualic acid ∼- N- methyl - d - aspartic acid . When normalized for neurotoxic potencies, a wide variation in the convulsant effects of the agents was observed after hippocampal injection. N- Methyl - d - aspartate produced nearly continuous electroencephalographic seizures for 2 hr after injection, where α-ketokainate and quisqualate caused seizure activity for 64 and 45% respectively of this period; kainate, α-allo kainate and domoate caused intermittent seizure activity during approximately 30% of the recording period; ibotenate and cyclopentylglutamate had minimal convulsant effects. Seizures were associated with a significant reduction in the levels of norepinephrine and with increases in the levels of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid in the cortex and hippocampal formation and increases in the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid in the hippocampal formation. Kainate, domoate, keto-kainate and α-allo-kainate caused extensive lesions of the hippocampal formation that also involved the pyriform cortex; ibotenate and cyclopentylglutamate caused uniform but substantial lesions limited to the dentate gyrus, whereas quisqualate and N- methyl - d - aspartate produced small and restricted lesions. The results demonstrate a poor correlation between the neurotoxic and convulsant potencies of these excitatory amino acid analogues and suggest that receptor-specific interactions may account for these disparities.
The child with rectal bleeding

Although the causes of rectal bleeding in the paediatric age group are legion, a few relatively common diagnoses account for the majority, and in contrast to the adult situation, rectal bleeding presaging malignancy is rare. ’ The first step in the management of rectal bleeding is to recognize that most causes are broadly age related, hence the child should be considered in one of the following age groups;2 (i) Newborn, up to 1 month, (ii) Infant, from 1 month to 1 year, (iii) Child, from 1 to 12 years, (iv) Adolescent. A sound history and examination may often be diagnostic, although special attention to the following factors is especially useful.
Poly(carbonate -acetal )s from the dimer form of dihydroxyacetone

The design and synthesis of new biomaterials, particularly those derived from biomolecule-based monomers, remains an area of considerable research effort. Herein the synthesis and characterization of poly(carbonate-acetal)s based on stabilized dimer forms of the glucolytic metabolite, dihydroxyacetone, are reported. The polymers possess glass transition (>40 °C) and thermal decomposition (>300 °C) temperatures exceeding those typically associated with aliphatic polycarbonates. The surface free energies of the polymers are significantly influenced by slight substitutions on the DHA dimer, and the polymer thin films support cell growth in culture.
Thermoelectric power of chromium below the néel temperature

The accurate determination of transport properties near the critical points is of great current interest. We present here new data of 0.3% accuracy for the thermoelectric power $S$ of chromium below the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}$ which was obtained with a temperature difference of only 0.5 K. Extensive computer fitting to diverse theoretically predicted forms for $S(T)$ does not yield an unambiguous critical exponent, nor does it let us make distinction between different forms. These ambiguities arise from our ignorance of the functional form of the normal background of $S$ and the lack of precise knowledge of ${T}_{N}$. The latter is due to the fact that the transition is of first order, and, it can be argued, it masks a second-order transition occurring at a higher temperature if one approaches ${T}_{N}$ from below. This higher temperature would then be the appropriate temperature for the analysis of fluctuation effects.
874 NORMAL PYRUVATE OXIDATION IN FRIEDREICH ATAXIA AND CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE FIBROBLASTS

874 NORMAL PYRUVATE OXIDATION IN FRIEDREICH ATAXIA AND CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE FIBROBLASTS
Premixed edge-flame oscillations in a rectangular channel with side-wall mass injection

The steady structures and the dynamics of oscillatory motions of strained, premixed edge-flames are studied in a planar rectangular channel, closed at one end, with side-wall mass injection. The injection velocities are either constant or temperature-flux dependent. The motivation for this study is recent experiments conducted by Berghout et al (2000 Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 911–7) in a rectangular crack of a homogeneous propellant. The strained edge-flame dynamics are obtained by numerical solution of the zero-Mach-number, variable density Navier–Stokes equations, assuming a one-step reaction. Important parameters are found to be the Reynolds number Re based on the injection velocity and surface separation, the Lewis number Le, and the strain-dependent Damkohler number. We show the first theoretical illustration of edge-flame oscillations in a premixed environment, which are found to occur in near-limit conditions, induced, for example, by decreasing the mass injection surface separation distance leading ...
The Kidney Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients are at risk for acute kidney disease and CKD, which confer excess morbidity and mortality in this patient population. A main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in stem cell recipients is prerenal azotemia, but acute tubular necrosis (ATN), obstruction, marrow transfusion toxicity, and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome also contribute. AKI is an important risk factor for death and CKD among HSCT survivors. CKD is a growing complication of HSCT as more patients are transplanted and survival improves. For most patients, the exact etiology of CKD is never identified, but graft vs host disease and thrombotic microangiopathy are important diagnoses to consider. Stem cell transplant patient survival on dialysis is generally poor, but kidney transplantation is a safe and reasonable option for HSCT recipients who progress to ESRD.