cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic Imagining: Expanding Publicly Engaged Scholarship by Building Institutions and Individuals

It has been my good fortune to be in fellowship with George Sanchez for just about a decade now. While it has been quite tempting to use this opportunity to simply celebrate all that he has meant to me personally in my life and career, my call for this issue was to share reflections on the generative potential of having collaborated with Dr. George J. Sanchez as part of Imagining America: Artist and Scholars in Public Life (IA). As a national consortium of higher-education institutions and community-based organizations dedicated to activating the power of the humanities, arts, and design both within the academy and in our larger society, IA promotes publicly engaged scholarship with conferences, research groups, and strategic organizing that affirm community-based knowledge and draw on the humanistic methodologies of the cultural disciplines. I discuss the goals and reach of Imagining America as well as responses to the dynamically creative and community-centered approaches driving it. In the exchange recorded in this article, edited from an interview we had in November 2016, we touch on a range of issues, beginning with his own autobiographical call to engaged scholarship and then drilling down to various layers of his strategic imagining as it manifests in both his institutional and individual work. Sanchez reflects on how he discovered IA and then in strategic and imaginative ways used that discovery to build on his approaches to research and organizing, thereby making an impact as a publicly engaged scholar in ways that do not often register in the academy. In particular, he addresses issues of diversity and the history of community-engaged work.
Theories and Strategies of Individual Counseling

Counseling is effective! Study after study has arrived at conclusions similar to that of Sexton and Whiston( 1991, p. 345): “... while some clients do improve on their own, in comparison, those in counseling improved more and at a faster rate....”
Science, scientism and anti-science in Hellenic Athens: a new Whig interpretation.

Etude a travers les auteurs dramatiques Eschyle, Sophocle, Euripide, Aristophane et Plutarque de la science pre-socratique, du scientisme et de l'indifference, voire l'opposition a la science dans l'Athenes du 5siecle (accordant une large place a Socrate). Paralleles entre le 5siecle hellenique et la situation au milieu du 20siecle.
Cane molasses and cottonseed meal supplementation of ammoniated tropical grass hay for yearling cattle.

Laboratory, digestion, and growth studies were used to evaluate liquid cane molasses (MOL) and(or) cottonseed meal (CSM) supplementation of ammoniated (4% of the forage DM) stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis) hay. Ammoniation increased (P .05) apparent digestibilities of OM or NDF, whereas supplementation with MOL either alone or with CSM increased (P .05) by supplementation with CSM alone and was decreased (P < .05) by supplementation with MOL either alone or with CSM; however, total feed intake was increased (P < .05) by MOL supplementation. Cattle fed only ammoniated hay gained approximately .20 kg/d. In both trials, daily gain and gain/feed were improved (P < .05) by CSM (.39 to .47 kg; .062 to .071) or MOL (.34 to .35 kg; .047 to .048) supplementation. Improvements (P < .05) in daily gain (.54 to .76 kg) and gain/feed (.077 to .083) by supplementation with MOL plus CSM were additive to responses from supplementation with MOL or CSM individually.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Candidate protein markers for radiation biodosimetry in the hematopoietically humanized mouse model

After a radiological incident, there is an urgent need for fast and reliable bioassays to identify radiation-exposed individuals within the first week post exposure. This study aimed to identify candidate radiation-responsive protein biomarkers in human lymphocytes in vivo using humanized NOD scid gamma (Hu-NSG) mouse model. Three days after X-irradiation (0–2 Gy, 88 cGy/min), human CD45+ lymphocytes were collected from the Hu-NSG mouse spleen and quantitative changes in the proteome of the human lymphocytes were analysed by mass spectrometry. Forty-six proteins were differentially expressed in response to radiation exposure. FDXR, BAX, DDB2 and ACTN1 proteins were shown to have dose-dependent response with a fold change greater than 2. When these proteins were used to estimate radiation dose by linear regression, the combination of FDXR, ACTN1 and DDB2 showed the lowest mean absolute errors (≤0.13 Gy) and highest coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.96). Biomarker validation studies were performed in human lymphocytes 3 days after irradiation in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify radiation-induced human protein signatures in vivo using the humanized mouse model and develop a protein panel which could be used for the rapid assessment of absorbed dose 3 days after radiation exposure.
A Resilience Intervention to Increase Academic Persistence among Undocumented Students in Higher Education.

We designed a resilience intervention in the form of a self-help workbook. It was made to address the challenges of being an undocumented student. The workbook includes modules on increasing social...
Degradation Analysis of M-C-Si PV Modules After Long Term Exposure Under Desert Climate

The goal of this paper is to analyze and assess the degradation of mono-crystalline-silicon PV modules of solar photovoltaic water pumping installation after long period exposure under Saharan climate based on visual inspection. The degradation in the electrical parameters like Maximum power (Pm), short-circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc) and Fill factor FF is evaluated using MP-160 I-V tracer
Modeled position and intensity statistics in deep water caustics

Caustics are a form of natural focusing that occurs in deep water acoustic propagation, but acoustic intensity and position perturbations at caustics have not been investigated in detail. The positions, shapes, and intensities of caustics and cusps are controlled primarily by the large-scale sound speed profile, with perturbations primarily caused by deterministic features (fronts, eddies) and stochastic features (internal waves). We selected two representative deep water environments for our analysis: a north Pacific site and temperate profile. For each region, 100 independent and 100 time-coherent realizations of internal waves were generated. The model uses the statistics provided by the Garrett-Munk power spectrum to generate displacements, which are converted into sound speed realizations. In the north Pacific profile, internal waves were concentrated primarily in the upper 200 m of water. In the temperate profile, internal waves were concentrated in the upper 700 m of water. We used a Gaussian beam model to analyze position and intensity statistics of caustics for both types (independent and time-coherent) of internal wave fields at each site as a function of frequency, internal wave strength, and source depth. Simulations indicate that caustics are more stable than other portions of the acoustic field and that this stability is a function of internal wave strength and caustic location. This work is approved for public release, Distribution Unlimited.Caustics are a form of natural focusing that occurs in deep water acoustic propagation, but acoustic intensity and position perturbations at caustics have not been investigated in detail. The positions, shapes, and intensities of caustics and cusps are controlled primarily by the large-scale sound speed profile, with perturbations primarily caused by deterministic features (fronts, eddies) and stochastic features (internal waves). We selected two representative deep water environments for our analysis: a north Pacific site and temperate profile. For each region, 100 independent and 100 time-coherent realizations of internal waves were generated. The model uses the statistics provided by the Garrett-Munk power spectrum to generate displacements, which are converted into sound speed realizations. In the north Pacific profile, internal waves were concentrated primarily in the upper 200 m of water. In the temperate profile, internal waves were concentrated in the upper 700 m of water. We used a Gaussian beam ...
Non-infectious severe aortic regurgitation in a 32-year-old man.

A 32-year-old man with a history of symptomatic aortic valve regurgitation was evaluated by our cardiology service. Based on previous clinical investigation and imaging, the patient had been given the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve, a diagnosis he carried for well over a decade. As the patient
Usability and Acceptability of an Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tool for Antibiotic Selection for Common Pediatric Infections in Outpatient Rural Healthcare Clinics

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance, a rising cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It is estimated that 30% of all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary; an additional 20% may include inappropriate selection, dose, and duration. Multiple guidelines are available to help health care providers care for children with common infections, but those are often lengthy and may not be easily accessible. The major objective of this study was to determine the usability and acceptability of an electronic clinical decision support (ECDS) tool for optimizing outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices in a rural clinical practice for common pediatric …
Resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma: An epigenetic approach.

e19040 Background: Melanoma only accounts for 4% of skin cancer while causing 75% of cancer related deaths. Worldwide incidence is increasing faster than any other cancer, and there are few effecti...
Baseline Renal and Hepatic Function Predict Mortality in VA-ECMO

Background Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) provides mechanical circulatory support for patients in cardiogenic shock, though risk stratification for potential ECMO patients is inconsistent. We seek to determine if baseline organ dysfunction and post-ECMO cannulation organ dysfunction predict mortality at 30 days of diagnosis of shock. Hypothesis Patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction at baseline have higher 30 day mortality than those with normal organ function. Methods All VA-ECMO patients at a single urban quaternary care center from August 2016 to November 2018 were collected into a database. The electronic medical record was queried for demographic information and laboratory values concerning kidney and liver function. All variables were compared between patients who died while on ECMO and patients who survived to 30 days. Continuous variables were analyzed with t-test and categorical variables compared with chi-square analysis and risk ratios. Results There were 89 patients on VA-ECMO during the study period. Of these, 58 patients (65%) died while on ECMO and 31 survived (35%). There was no difference in age, sex, and race. The baseline mean creatinine (Cr) for patients who survived was 1.49 mg/dL compared to 2.38 mg/dL for those in the deceased group (p Conclusions Baseline renal and hepatic function predicts ECMO mortality, as does worsening hepatic function while cannulated. By using these trends to risk stratify patients, physicians can more appropriately decide who will most benefit from this procedure.
Increasing Number of Amyloidosis Diagnosis in the Veterans Affairs Populations

Introduction Amyloidosis remains underdiagnosed, however newer diagnostic modalities and newer therapeutic agents have increased the awareness for this disease. The prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis in the Veterans Affairs population is unknown and there are now effective treatments for patients with amyloidosis and cardiomyopthy. The objective of this study is to describe the diagnosis of amyloidosis in the Veterans Affairs population. Methods We undertook a retrospective analysis of the Veterans Affairs Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics Computing Infrastructure database from 2000-2014. We queried the diagnosis of amyloidosis using the International Classification of Disease-9th revision -Clinical Modification Diagnosis (ICD) code of 277.3X. We calculated the incidence proportions as cases per 100,000 population per year. Results A total of 5,639 patients with diagnosis codes for amyloidosis were identified during the study period, giving an incidence of 7.4 per 100,000 patients. Of them, 96% were men and 88% were older than 55 years old. The incidence increased over the years (Linear Trend Coefficient = 1.49, p-value = 0.001) and at a faster rate over the last years (Quadratic trend coefficient = 3.04, p-value Conclusions Cases of amyloidosis continues to increase in the US Veterans population. Understanding the epidemiological trends and populations at risk will guide the development of tools to provide early diagnosis and appropriate access to care for patients with amyloidosis.
Informed Consent: Process and Practice in the Context of Office-Based Oral Surgery

Informed consent is a mechanism for adherence to the ethical principle of patient autonomy; moreover, as a corollary to the ethical principle, it is a practical way of ensuring that patients are not deceived or coerced into or out of particular treatment decisions. Though informed consent is often “practiced” as merely the act of getting a signature on a form, it is more aptly conceptualized as a process with both ethical and legal implications. This chapter approaches informed consent first from a general overview of the concept and then with a focus on some issues of particular relevance in the context of office-based oral surgery. After presenting a brief history of informed consent, different approaches to informed consent are described and legal standards are discussed. The second half of the chapter explores informed consent with specific respect to elective procedures, pediatric patients and special needs patients, prescribing opioids, the administration of anesthesia, and implications of technology on informed consent.
Cannabinoids and Sleep: Helpful or Harmful?

Legalization and popular use of cannabis products have historically outpaced scientific literature. There is interest in the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on human sleep and sleep disorders. This review summarizes research evaluating the relationship between cannabinoids and sleep published after 2016 and references background studies for clarification where no recent publications were available. Specific to sleep disorders, the most impactful research is arguably in the treatment of sleep disordered breathing though case reports are emerging to address several other conditions such as anxiety-mediated insomnia and restless legs syndrome. Due to limitations including the Schedule I drug designation of cannabis and the heterogeneity of compounds in the cannabinoid family, current published works are likely insufficient to serve as a basis for clinical recommendations regarding the use of cannabinoids in sleep medicine.
Sex differences in deleterious genetic variants in a haplodiploid social insect

Deleterious variants are selected against but can linger in populations at low frequencies for long periods of time, decreasing fitness and contributing to disease burden in humans and other species. Deleterious variants occur at low frequency but distinguishing deleterious variants from low frequency neutral variation is challenging based on population genetics data. As a result, we have little sense of the number and identity of deleterious variants in wild populations. For haplodiploid species, it has been hypothesized that deleterious alleles will be directly exposed to selection in haploid males, but selection can be masked in diploid females due to partial or complete dominance, resulting in more efficient purging of deleterious mutations in males. Therefore, comparisons of the differences between haploid and diploid genomes from the same population may be a useful method for inferring rare deleterious variants. This study provides the first formal test of this hypothesis. Using wild populations of Northern paper wasps (Polistes fuscatus), we find that males have fewer overall variants, and specifically fewer missense and nonsense variants, than females from the same population. Allele frequency differences are especially pronounced for rare missense and nonsense mutations and these differences lead to a lower genetic load in males than females. Based on these data we estimate that a large number of highly deleterious mutations are segregating in the paper wasp population. Stronger selection against deleterious alleles in haploid males may have implications for adaptation in other haplodiploid insects and provides evidence that wild populations harbor abundant deleterious variants.
Using satellite data and deep learning to estimate educational outcomes in data-sparse environments

The lack of systematic measurements of socioeconomic factors on a worldwide scale remains a significant challenge to our understanding of human well-being. A growing body of literature suggests tha...
Photoaffinity labeling in the study of lymphoid cell β-adrenergic receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter describes photo-affinity labeling in the study of lymphoid cell β-adrenergic receptors. The β -adrenergic receptor is an integral membrane protein, which modulates adenylate cyclase activity in the plasma membrane of catecholamine- responsive tissues in concert with the guanyl nucleotide-binding protein, N 3 . The S49 lymphoma cell line and the N s -deficient variants, in particular cyc - , have proved very useful in the study of adrenergic regulation of adenylate cyclase. The human lymphocyte β 2 -receptor can be used to monitor β-receptor properties in vivo as a method to study alterations in fl-receptors and fl-adrenergic responsiveness in less accessible target tissues, such as the heart, lungs, vascular smooth muscle. The chapter describes photo-affinity labeling of the β -adrenergic receptor in human lymphocytes using [ 25 I]iodocyanopindolol diazirine ([ 25 I]ICYPD). For preparation, Lymphocytes are separated from whole blood samples. Membranes are prepared according to a modification of described methods.
Information Dynamic Spectrum Predicts Critical Transitions

This paper addresses the need of predicting system instability toward critical transitions occurred in complex systems. A novel information dynamic spectrum framework and a method for automated prediction of system trajectories are proposed. Our framework goes beyond unidirectional diffusion dynamics to investigate heterogeneously networked dynamical systems with transient directional influence dynamics. Our method automatically analyzes the input time series of system instability to predict the instability trajectories toward critical transitions.
Enhanced electromigration resistance through grain size modulation in copper interconnects

Grain size modulation in Cu interconnects was achieved at an elevated anneal temperature of 250 °C. As compared to the conventional annealing at 100 °C, the elevated process enabled further Cu grain growth, which then resulted in an increased grain size and improved electromigration resistance in the Cu interconnects. In order to prevent stress migration reliability degradation from the elevated annealing process, a TaN metal passivation layer was deposited on the Cu interconnect surface prior to the thermal annealing process, which suppressed void formation within the Cu features during the anneal process and reduced inelastic deformation within the interconnects after cooling down to room temperature
Thoughts on high speed data bus performance

The author believes that average performance calculations do not provide an adequate method for evaluating bus performance and making engineering design decisions in the presence of bursty traffic, because bursty traffic significantly changes those factors that most impact on bus performance. It has been found that very subtle changes may have significant impact on bus performance in unexpected ways. An example is the choice of when to reset the token rotation timers to achieve optimum priority performance. During the PAVE PILLAR program, the Collins Government Avionics Division of Rockwell International recommended that the timers be reset when the token arrives. Others recommended that the timers be reset when the token is sent. The author discusses the reasons for the original recommendation, how a simulation failed to confirm those original conclusions, and how a few simple equations have since been derived which have led to a new set of conclusions. Subtle points pertaining to high-speed data bus characteristics that affect bus performance are discussed. >
Effects of Eh (oxidation potential) on borosilicate waste glass durability

Solid state materials can be used to control the oxidation potential (Eh) of waste glass leachants. These materials are chosen based on known Eh-pH relations for redox species in the presence of dissolved silica. Experiments under oxidized conditions have enabled evaluation of waste glass durability in the presence of waste package components which affect Eh. 18 references, 4 figures.
On Realization Theory for Generalized State-Space Systems over a Commutative Ring

The problem of finding a state-space realization for a given rational matrix over a commutative ring is considered. To simplify the problem, we assume a certain factored structure for the denominator polynomials in the matrix. Our main results state that this class of matrices is a module which can be decomposed into two independent and isomorphic submodules, each realizable via existing results for strictly proper matrices. Any rational matrix with factored denominators can be realized through this decomposition.
Inhibition of pigment biosynthesis in cucumber cotyledons by isoxaflutole

Isoxaflutole [5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulphonyl-4-trifluromethylbenzoyl)isoxazole] is a new preemergence herbicide for broad-spectrum weed control in maize. The effect of isoxaflutole on chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) biosynthesis was investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons. Etiolated tissue was incubated with 5 mM isoxaflutole for 24 h and irradiated (60 μmol m-2 s-1). The irradiation for 3 h did not reduce Chl a, Chl b, and Car contents, but after a 28-h irradiation the contents of Chl a and Car decreased by 35 and 15 %, respectively, and the content of Chl b increased by 24 %. Increasing the concentration of isoxaflutole beyond 5 mM resulted in reduction of Chl a (71 %), Chl b (20 %), and Car (31 %) contents. Similarly, increase in irradiance from 60 to 180 μmol m-2 s-1 resulted in larger reduction of Chl and Car contents. Exogenously supplied 5-aminolevulinic acid did not reverse the isoxaflutole-inhibited Chl synthesis, whereas an exogenously supplied homogentisic acid lactone reversed the inhibition of pigment synthesis due to isoxaflutole.
Variational Methods for Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

The goal of these lectures is to present an introduction to variational methods for nonlinear eigenvalue problems both in an abstract setting and as applied to nonlinear partial differential equations. Several different situations will be treated. Our study begins with “Theorems on Ljustemik-Schnirelmann type”. The simplest such result, which is due to Ljusternik [1] states: If f is an even continuously differentiable real valued function on ℝn, then \({\rm{f}}|_{_{{\rm{S}}^{{\rm{n - 1}}}}}\) possesses at least n distinct pairs of critical points (i.e. points at which f′(x) = λx, λ = (f′(x),x)). This theorem serves as a prototype for more general situations where one has a real valued function (usually even) on a manifold (usually “spherelike”) and uses topological invariants associated with the manifold to obtain lower bounds for the number of critical points the functional possesses. Morse theory treats similar questions and indeed there are many ideas in common. However smoothness requirements for theorems of Ljusternik-Schnirelmann type are less stringent (C1 rather than C2) than in Morse theory and critical points need not be nondegenerate. These facts combine to make the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory more applicable to nonlinear partial differential equations. On the other hand when it can be used, Morse theory gives more detailed information on critical points and their types (see e.g. [2]).
How to succeed in using dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s disease

Dopamine receptor agonists are assuming increased importance in the treatment of both early and advanced symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, tolerability of these drugs can be a problem. Identifying patients who are at increased risk of adverse effects is central to using dopamine agonists in PD. The newer agonists, pramipexole and ropinirole, are generally adequate without levodopa for early symptoms and carry the hope for a more acceptable profile of long-term side-effects. In the patient with advanced disease, all four dopamine agonists significantly augment the response to levodopa, which reduces the problems of motor fluctuations and drug related dyskinesia. Understanding the common pitfalls when prescribing these drugs will facilitate their safety and efficacy.
Evaluation of Bichromatic Coatings Designed for Pulsed Laser Fusion Applications at 0.53 and 1.06 Micrometers

Various bichromatic coatings designed to operate at both 0.53 and 1.06 micrometers have been evaluated for spectral performance and laser damage threshold to determine the suitability of these coatings for 1 nanosecond pulse laser fusion experiments and to establish baseline data. Anti-reflection, partially transmitting high reflection, and maximum reflection coatings, consisting of titania and silica layers, were deposited onto BK-7 substrates. For each type of coating, two different designs were examined. Spectral measurements indicate the coatings met performance goals. Laser damage threshold values at 1.06 micrometers were similar to those of previous monochromatic production coatings, while damage levels at 0.53 micrometers were about one-half these 1.06 micrometer values.
Adhesion Promoting Photo-Acid Generator APPAG - A New Class of Lithographic Material

Photo-acid generator (PAG) is the key component responsible for the increased sensitivity of chemically amplified resists in use today for microelectronics production. Concentration variation of PAG through the thickness of the photoresist film adversely affects materialis performance. To offset reduced acid concentration at the bottom of the resist, we have developed adhesion promoting photo acid generators, called as a class “APPAG” that enhance acid concentration at interface between the resist and the substrate. An overview on the preparation and characterization of two siloxane based APPAG materials along with a performance comparison of commercial DUV and EUV resists on APPAG is provided. Longer diffusion length photo-acid generator (APPAG 9) retained square profile of critical dimension (CD) at off-focus values and was found to give nearly a 50% improvement in depth of focus for 250nm node DUV lithography. For EUV lithography, both shorter diffusion length APPAG 6 and APPAG 9 were shown to substantially improve performance envelope for 100nm dense lines and spaces at reduced post exposure bake (PEB).
Victim and Witness Measures of the International Criminal Court: A Comparative Analysis

The protections of victims and witnesses have evolved from the inception of the ICTY and continue through to the creation of the ICC. The ICTY set the benchmark on victim and witness protection through reliance on varying national court systems as well as on international standards. The ICTY's approach has been followed by the ICTR and the SCSL, though each tribunal made important advances in victim and witness protection. Today, ICC continues to follow the lead of the other tribunals. Although it is still unknown how well the ICC will protect victims and witnesses, if the Rules of Procedure and Evidence are any indication, the ICC will provide proper protection measures for victims and witnesses in the international tribunal arena. After comparing the different victim and witness measures implemented by the ICC to similar measures of the other Tribunals, as well as various national court systems, it is apparent that the ICC has developed extensive victim and witness measures that mirror those established by the other tribunals. Understanding both the benefits as well as possible shortcomings of each measure, the ICC will be better equipped to implement the measures deemed necessary for the victims and witnesses whose lives have been impacted by the crimes that come before the Court.
Extracellular annexin II

Annexin II belongs to a family of calcium-dependent, phospholipid binding proteins. Annexin II was first identified as an intracellular protein and attributed intracellular functions. Although it lacks a signal peptide and its mechanism of secretion is unknown, extracellular annexin II has recently been found in several tissues as both soluble and membrane-bound protein. Cell-surface annexin II has been identified as a receptor for a number of polypeptide ligands. Extracellular annexin II may be important in several biological processes, such as fibrinolysis, cell adhesion, ligand-mediated cell signaling and virus infection. These processes provide several possibilities for therapeutic approaches targeting extracellular annexin II, and future research should further illuminate the biology of this molecule.
Stratigraphic record of the Yellowstone hotspot track, Neogene Sixmile Creek Formation grabens, southwest Montana

Abstract The Sixmile Creek Formation fills deep grabens in southwest Montana and preserves a stratigraphic record of the evolution of the Yellowstone hotspot track from ~ 17 Ma to ~ 2 Ma. The Ruby, Beaverhead, Big Hole, Deer Lodge, Medicine Lodge-Grasshopper, Three Forks, Canyon Ferry, Jefferson, Melrose, Wise River, and Paradise grabens were active during outbreak of the hotspot. They appear to be parts of a radial system of extensional structures that may have formed on a broad dome that was centered on the hotspot outbreak area in southwest Idaho and southeast Oregon. Early in the evolution of the grabens, massive debris flows surged down Paleogene paleovalleys from uplifted and tilted horst blocks and accumulated in the grabens. The grabens captured runoff from the hotspot dome with thick deposits of river gravel that appear to have been derived, in part, from east-central Idaho. As the hotspot track propagated along the eastern Snake River Plain, silicic ash fell into the graben drainage basins and was reworked into thick fluvial beds along graben axes. The grabens were cross-cut by northwest-trending late Neogene grabens that propagated on the flanks of silicic volcanic centers along the hotspot track. The late Neogene grabens diverted the Middle Miocene drainage patterns in southwest Montana.
Family dynamics—As seen through art therapy

Abstract The family art therapy situation provides an opportunity to observe actual interaction between family members, wherein feelings and responses to this interaction are more clearly understood through associations to the art work.
Commitment of Private and Public Agency Workers to Child Welfare: How Long Do They Plan to Stay?

Method: Child welfare professionals completing training to work in foster care were asked about reasons for taking their child welfare position, commitment to their agencies, and commitment to child welfare. Analyses compared responses from new public agency foster care workers (N = 100), public agency workers making lateral transfers to foster care (N = 64), and new private foster care workers (N = 105). Results: Private agency foster care workers were less committed to their agencies and to child welfare and more likely to have taken the position because it was the only one available. Conclusions: The practice by public child welfare of outsourcing foster care services to private agencies needs to be evaluated. This practice may not benefit children in care and may create organizational problems for agencies.
Fluorescence microscopy on dynamic changes of frx B distribution inChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Immunocytology method showed that frx B was primarily located in vesicles adjacent to the pyrenoid inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. In synchronous cells, frx B concentration in these vesicles increased in the light period and decreased in the dark period. Prolonged treatment with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine or aging reduced the detectable cellular frx B content. In these cells, frx B appeared as a single dot attached to the pyrenoid. The frx B content in each mating gamete was initially high. As the mating progressed, frx B-containing vesicles in the male gamete disintegrated while that in the female gamete persisted. The time course of this change coincided with that of the chloroplast DNA nucleoids. Persistant small patches of frx B around the pyrenoid were detected in mature zygotes. Fluorescent membrane potential probe showed that membrane vesicles around the pyrenoid had higher transmembrane potential than other chloroplast membranes. This high membrane potential was sensitive to inhibitors of chlororespiration.
Effect of Copulatory Stimuli on Incidence of Ovulation and on Serum Luteinizing Hormone in the Cat

The relationship among the number of copulatory stimuli, the incidence of ovulation, and the pituitary release of LH was studied in the female cat (queen), an induced or reflex-ovulating species. Estrual queens were mated with a male either once during estrus (on day 1, 2, 3, or 4) or three times at 4-h intervals in a single day of estrus (on day 1, 2, or 3). Laparoscopy was used to examine the ovaries, initially to determine the numbers of preovulatory follicles and later to count corpora lutea. Blood samples were obtained serially from cats in each mating group, and sera were analyzed for LH. The day of estrus on which mating occurred, estrus duration, and follicle numbers had no effect on the proportion of animals ovulating. A single mating resulted in fewer queens ovulating per group (10 of 48 animals) than three matings on a single day (30 of 36). After copulation, LH was elevated only in animals later confirmed to ovulate. LH response in ovulating queens varied among individuals but, when averaged, appeared to be greater and more prolonged in multiple mated vs. single mated animals. These data indicate that the reflex-ovulating cate does not always ovulate after a single copulatory stimulus because of a failure of LH release. The frequency of coital stimulation apparently plays a major role in influencing the proportion of animals ovulating, with multiple copulation apparently enhancing the pituitary release of LH.
Hybridization between pascal celery and parsley.

Pascal celery cv. Golden Spartan was hybridized with parsley which is immune to celery blight (Septoria apiicola). Three F1 hybrids were obtained from over a thousand seedlings grown from the pascal celery parent. The F1 plants were intermediate for most characters. Segregation for petiole color in the F2 generation demonstrated that a hybrid actually occurred. Segregation for late blight resistance occurred independently from petiole color.
Cryocooled 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

The two main challenges to operating a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) on a cryocooler are the available cooling power and the temperature oscillations of the cold head. We overcame these challenges and successfully operated a PJVS circuit on a cryocooler by employing one supercritical helium buffer that damps the temperature oscillations, developing a new cryogenic package that increases the thermal conductivity between the chip and the cold head, and increasing overall device performance with fabrication improvements. A 1.32 mA step width of the quantized voltage produced with all of the subarrays of the PJVS circuit biased was achieved at an operating temperature of 4.3 K. The quantum accuracy of the PJVS is maintained at temperatures up to 4.8 K. This result was obtained with a cryocooler that employs a 3 kW water-cooled compressor to produce at the chip about 270 mW of net cooling power at 4.3 K. 1 1 Contribution of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright.
Cluster analysis and three-dimensional QSAR studies of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors

Abstract Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR) and cluster analysis were applied to a variety of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. One structure was chosen from each of 11 classes of inhibitors to represent the whole class in descriptor-based cluster analysis. The 11 classes of inhibitors were classified into two groups. The molecular field analysis (MFA) models for these two clusters had r 2 values of 0.90 and 0.95 and q 2 values of 0.85 and 0.91 that were noticeably enhanced from those of conventional QSAR models. The five test compounds, which were proposed to have a common binding site near the metal in HIV-1 integrase based on docking studies by Sotriffer et al., were utilized to compare the predictive capability of MFA and conventional QSAR models. Among these five compounds, only l -chicoric acid belongs to cluster 1 and the other four belong to cluster 2. MFA models give better overall predictions and more importantly the activity of these test compounds is better predicted by the MFA model derived from the cluster each test compound belongs to. The necessity of dividing the inhibitors into two groups to obtain predictive QSAR models supports the likelihood of two separate binding sites.
A descriptive instrument for use in investigating science laboratories

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a Q-sort type instrument which is useful for obtaining descriptive information about teaching methods and curriculum materials used in the science laboratory. This instrument, The Laboratory Program Variables Inventory (LPVI), was used in a series of experiments investigating laboratory formats used in college general chemistry courses. Three possible formats were investigated: (1) verification laboratories, (2) guided inquiry laboratories, and (3) open/guided inquiry laboratories. Using several data analysis techniques, LPVI data were used to operationally define the three formats and identify specific criteria for discriminating among them. The use of the Q-sort, in general, and the LPVI specifically, might fulfill a number of evaluation needs in science education including: (1) developing operational definition of constructs (e.g., “inquiry”), (2) diagnosing problems in curriculum development or implementation, (3) rationalizing differences in treatment groups in educational experiments, and (4) monitoring the effect of teacher education efforts.
Alterations in expression of genes associated with muscle metabolism and growth during nutritional restriction and refeeding in rainbow trout

Rainbow trout, as well as many other species of fish, demonstrate the ability to survive starvation for long periods of time. During starvation, growth rate is decreased and muscle exhibits signs of wasting. However, upon resumption of feeding, accelerated growth is often observed. Alterations in muscle metabolism occur during feed restriction and refeeding, although the ways in which these alterations affect the molecular pathways that control muscle growth have not been fully determined. To analyze changes in muscle metabolism and growth during starvation and refeeding, real-time PCR was used to test the expression of six metabolic-related genes and eight muscle-specific genes in rainbow trout white muscle prior to and after 30 days of starvation, and after 4 and 14 days of refeeding. The six metabolic-related genes chosen are indicative of specific metabolic pathways: glycolysis, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid formation. The eight muscle specific genes chosen are key components in muscle growth and structural integrity, i.e., MRFs, MEFs, myostatins, and myosin. Alterations in expression of the tested metabolic-related genes and muscle-specific genes suggest that during both starvation and refeeding, changes in specific metabolic pathways initiate shifts in muscle that result mainly in the modification of myotube hypertrophy. The expression levels of many of the metabolic-related genes were altered during the refeeding period compared to those observed before the starvation period began. However, the accelerated growth often observed during refeeding is likely driven by changes in normal muscle metabolism, and the altered expression observed here may be a demonstration of those changes.
Relaxation of nuclear spin in atomic hydrogen due to long-range orbital currents in metal walls.

Thermal current fluctuations in bulk metal produce a fluctuating magnetic field that extends outside the metal's surface. We find that its spectral density {l angle}{ital H}({ital z}){sup 2}{r angle}{sub {omega}} as a function of distance from the surface decays as ln({ital z}) at distances less than the mean free path of the electrons in the metal and as 1/{ital z} at large {ital z}. We evaluate the nuclear-spin relaxation rate due to these fluctuations. We apply our model to the one-body surface relaxation rate of atomic hydrogen. We find the relaxation time to be of the order of 10{sup 3} s at a temperature of 1 K. A possible relaxation mechanism due to electric-field fluctuations, which may also be applicable to cells with insulating walls, is discussed.
Acute effects of oral labetalol on myocardial conduction after coronary artery bypass grafing

Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of a single oral dose of labetalol were determined in seven patients 4 to 9 days after a coronary artery bypass graft. Surface ECG and bipolar electrograms recorded from temporary pacing wires affixed to the normal right ventricle and abnormal left ventricle at the time of surgery were used to determine conduction intervals. Electrophysiologic parameters were recorded during fixed-rate atrial pacing. Sinus heart rate and blood pressure were monitored. Three patients received 100 mg and four patients received 200 mg labetalol. The drug had no significant effect on intraventricular conduction intervals or QRS duration. It did not significantly influence sinus heart rate or AV conduction time, but in two patients there was prolongation in AV conduction that may have been drug-induced. Labetalol induced a modest but significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In another study propranolol, unlike labetalol, had prolonged AV and intraventricular conduction in the abnormal left ventricle, but not in the normal right ventricle. The absence of these effects with labetalol may reflect lesser local anesthetic effect on intraventricular conduction and an alpha-adrenergic blocking effect that interferes with beta-blockade-induced prolongation of AV conduction.
Metacognitive Responses of an Intermediate Speller While Performing Three Literacy Tasks

This case study explored verbal reflections of a competent fifth-grade speller as he performed word sorts, spelling lists, and creative writing activities. The student was asked to “think aloud” as he completed the three literacy activities, which represented three levels of applying orthographic knowledge. Videotapes, transcriptions, field notes, written work, and teacher interviews suggested eight categories of responses. The responses revealed two conclusions: (a) the accuracy or inaccuracy of the participant's statements were related to his level of spelling development, and (b) each literacy task appeared to have a predominant category of responses. These findings support previous research regarding the developmental acquisition of spelling knowledge and instruction at appropriate developmental levels.
California verbal learning test: Normative data for the elderly

Overlapping age tables were developed, separately for males and females, to provide additional normative information for the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and extend the normative data to persons older than 80 years of age. Participants were 92 males and 120 females with means for age and education of 70.58 years (SD = 6.98) and 14.92 years (SD = 2.56), respectively. Normative information was also provided for additional measures of retention rate and proportion of perseverations and intrusions. The clinical utility of these norms strongly depends on how closely a person matches the demographic characteristics of the normative group.
Inverse cartesian trajectory control and stabilization of a three-axis flexible manipulator

This article treats the question of end point trajectory control of a flexible manipulator based on the nonlinear inversion technique. The manipulator has two rigid links and the third link is elastic. A parameterization of the Cartesian coordinates of a point close to the end effector position is suggested. Using these coordinates as output variables, an inverse feedback control law is derived for tracking reference Cartesian trajectories. The stability of the zero dynamics associated with the end point motion control is examined. It is shown that inverse control of the end point causes divergent oscillatory flexible modes. In addition, for regulating the end point to a fixed position, a linear stabilizer is designed to damp the elastic vibration. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system, reference end point trajectories can be accurately followed in spite of the parameter uncertainty in the arm dynamic model. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.