cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeled crop water use and soil water drainage

Abstract Soil water drainage is an integral aspect of the total water balance that needs to be recognized when irrigators seek to manage their system. Although irrigators in general realize that soil water drainage can and does occur, its significance or importance is not generally emphasized in educational programs. In this paper, a system of linked models describing the water balance and crop yield was used to select the most profitable combination of irrigation regime and crop type. The three models are a means of (1) estimating the crop water use, (2) a procedure to estimating crop yield in conjunction with a linear programming solution, and (3) the greatest value return to land, labor and water from irrigated crops. The water use model incorporates empirically derived soil water drainage equations to estimate drainage throughout the year on a silt loam soil in western Kansas for average rainfall. Soil water drainage increases as the soil water content increases in response to an increase in the water pumped. Results of this study show that little soil water drainage occurs with one 150 mm irrigation; however, most of the water pumped is lost to drainage after four 150 mm irrigations. Thus, the irrigator can control the amount of soil water drainage through the scheduling of irrigation. It is possible by proper selection of crops and irrigation regime to significantly reduce drainage without a proportional decrease in income. Educational programs to improve the management of water should include an emphasis on soil water drainage as well as crop water use. Managing water pumped to reduce drainage also reduces the potential of chemical loading of the aquifer from water soluble chemicals.
Responses of three antennal specialist neurons of male Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) to sex pheromone components at and above naturally emitted levels

Abstract Three types of sensilla on the antenna of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) each house an olfactory receptor neuron that responds predominantly to only one component of the virgin female volatile effluvium. The HS(a) neuron responds to Z7-12:Ac at concentrations above 1 × 10 −15 M; the LS(b) neuron to Z7-14:Ac concentrations above 1 × 10 −15 M; the NS(a) neuron to Z9-14:Ac concentrations above 1 × 10 −18 M. The sensitivity and selectivity of each of these neurons to all of the other compounds in the volatile female effluvium was investigated at various concentrations. At concentrations that correspond with those found downwind of a virgin “calling” female each of these neurons was highly selective for only one compound. Each responded to all of the other compounds at concentrations that exceeded the normal emission level of the female. The pheromone receptor neurons of the cabbage looper are, therefore, concentration-tuned specialists. Assays of various mixtures and the volatile emission of an excised female sex pheromone gland show that the response of the HS(a) specialist neuron reflects only the concentration of Z7-12:Ac, supporting a hypothesis that there is no mixture interaction with the other compounds within the female effluvium.
The Nuclear Size Dependence of Large Momentum Transfer Scattering and Quark Interaction Dynamics

Abstract A simple dynamical picture for hadron interactions is used to discuss the A dependence of large p ⊥ scattering and dilepton production. Observations in large p ⊥ experiments are explained. Important corrections to dilepton production cross sections are found, leading to acceptable agreement between colored-quark theory and experiment.
Serotonin Transporters, Serotonin Release, and the Mechanism of Fenfluramine Neurotoxicity

: Administration of d,l-fenfluramine (FEN), or the more active isomer d-fenfluramine (dFEN), causes long-term depletion of forebrain serotonin (5-HT) in animals. The mechanism underlying FEN-induced 5-HT depletion is not known, but appears to involve 5-HT transporters (SERTs) in the brain. Some investigators have postulated that 5-HT release evoked by FEN is responsible for the deleterious effects of the drug. In the present work, we sought to examine the relationship between drug-induced 5-HT release and long-term 5-HT depletion. The acute 5-HT-releasing effects of dFEN and the non-amphetamine 5-HT agonist 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) were evaluated using in vivo microdialysis in rat nucleus accumbens. The ability of dFEN and mCPP to interact with SERTs was assessed using in vitro assays for [3H]-transmitter uptake and release in rat forebrain synaptosomes. Drugs were subsequently tested for potential long-lasting effects on brain tissue 5-HT after repeated dosing (2.7 or 8.1 mg/kg, ip × 4). dFEN and mCPP were essentially equipotent in their ability to stimulate acute 5-HT release in vivo and in vitro. Both drugs produced very selective effects on 5-HT with minimal effects on dopamine. Interestingly, when dFEN or mCPP was administered repeatedly, only dFEN caused long-term 5-HT depletion in the forebrain at 2 weeks later. These data suggest that acute 5-HT release per se does not mediate the long-term 5-HT depletion associated with dFEN. We hypothesize that dFEN and other amphetamine-type releasers gain entrance into 5-HT neurons via interaction with SERTs. Once internalized in nerve terminals, drugs accumulate to high concentrations, causing damage to cells. The relevance of this hypothesis for explaining clinical side effects of FEN and dFEN, such as cardiac valvulopathy and primary pulmonary hypertension, warrants further study.
Computer-aided 3D tolerance analysis of disk drives

Disk drives are multicomponent products in which product build variations directly affect quality. Dimensional management, an engineering methodology combined with software tools, was implemented in disk drive development engineering at IBM in San Jose to predict and optimize critical parameters in disk drives. It applies statistical simulation techniques to predict the amount of variation that can occur in the disk drive due to the specified design tolerances, fixturing tolerances, and assembly variations. This paper presents statistics describing the measurement values produced during simulations, a histogram showing the measurement values graphically, and an analysis of the process capability, C pk , to ensure robust designs. Additionally, it describes how modeling can determine the location(s) of the predicted variation, the contributing factors, and their percent of contribution. Although a complete 2.5-in. disk drive was modeled and all critical variations such as suspension-to-disk gaps, disk-stack envelope, and merge clearances were analyzed, this paper presents for illustration only one critical disk real estate parameter. The example shows the capability of this methodology. VSA®-3D software by Variation Systems Analysis was used.
Machining Channels on Mesoscale Ceramic Components

Compaction of ceramic powder, partial sintering, machining, sintering of the ceramic compact, and finally joining are used to form functional channels on mesoscale ceramic components. This paper reports on a new simple machining technique that has been developed to introduce channels. Because no binder phase is used and the partially sintered powder is readily machinable, this technique is easier and more cost effective than green and white machining. However, the applicability of this technique is limited to samples with small length-to-diameter ratio because a uniform density in the ceramic compact must be attained to eliminate the warpage caused by the density gradient. A small bench-top CNC mill is used to fabricate complex surface channels on flat surfaces of partially sintered alumina and zirconia compacts. Machining parameters such as feed rate and revolution per minute (rpm) and ceramic processing parameters such as the pre-sintering temperature have been varied to determine the ideal conditions under which partially sintered ceramics can be readily machinable without any damage (chipping). The machined specimens are then sintered to produce dense ceramic specimens, which are then joined to form complex channels.
Giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus: A lesion causing upper airway obstruction and syncope

c Giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus is a rare but dramatic entity. These large polyps arise in the proximal esophagus and can cause airway obstruction secondary to mechanical pressure on the larynx, or they can present as a mass that is regurgitated into the oral cavity. We present a 66-year-old man who complained of nausea and vomiting that were associated with a fibrovascular polyp protruding into the mouth. He had also experienced several episodes of syncope resulting from intermittent airway obstruction. He underwent an open resection of an 11.8-cm fibrovascular polyp and an endoscopic resection of a second fibrovascular polyp 2 days later. Histopathologically, both masses were composed of a mixture of mature adipose tissue lobules and fibrovascular tissue, lined by reactive squamous epithelium. Despite their large size, giant fibrovascular polyps should be recognized radiologically and pathologically as benign lesions. However, they can result in significant morbidity. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:485‐487)
Counting Permutations by Their Rigid Patterns

Abstract In how many permutations does the pattern τ occur exactly m times? In most cases, the answer is unknown. When we search for rigid patterns , on the other hand, we obtain exact formulas for the solution, in all cases considered.
Impact of health information technology on detection of potential adverse drug events at the ordering stage.

Purpose The impact of implementing commercially available health care information technologies at hospitals in a large health system on the identification of potential adverse drug events (ADEs) at the medication ordering stage was studied. Methods All hospitals in the health system had implemented a clinical decision-support system (CDSS) consisting of a centralized clinical data repository, interfaces for reports, a results reviewer, and a package of ADE alert rules. Additional technology including computerized provider order entry (CPOE), an advanced CDSS, and evidence-based order sets was implemented in nine hospitals. ADE alerts at these hospitals were compared with alerts at nine hospitals without the advanced technology. A linear mixed-effects model was used in determining the mean response profile of six dependent variables over 28 total months for each experimental group. Results Overall, hospitals with CPOE and an advanced CDSS captured significantly more ADE alerts for pharmacist review; an average of 336 additional potential ADEs per month per hospital were reviewed. Pharmacists identified some 94% of the alerts as false positives. Alerts identified as potentially true positives were reviewed with physicians, and order changes were recommended. The number of true-positive alerts per 1000 admissions increased. Conclusion The implementation of CPOE and advanced CDSS tools significantly increased the number of potential ADE alerts for pharmacist review and the number of true-positive ADE alerts identified per 1000 admissions.
Dynamic bargaining with action-dependent valuations

Abstract An infinite-horizon, dynamic bargaining model is presented in which actions affect the expected future value of the buyer–seller match. Because actions directly affect the future surplus to be bargained over, the model is unlike other models that tie the dynamic process to nature alone. Focusing on a subset of weak Markov equilibria, several results come about that are not found in static bargaining models using similar bargaining protocols. In particular, optimal price demands can be lower (higher) than the buyer's lowest (highest) possible valuation, and several empirical features concerning wage settlements and strike incidence from labor union contract negotiations can be explained.
ChromoScan: a scan statistic application for identifying chromosomal regions in genomic studies

Summary: ChromoScan is an implementation of a genome-based scan statistic that detects genomic regions, which are statistically significant for targeted measurements, such as genetic associations with disease, gene expression profiles, DNA copy number variations, as well as other genome-based measurements. A Java graphic user interface (GUI) is provided to allow users to select appropriate data transformations and thresholds for defining the significant events. Availability: ChromoScan is freely available from http://www.epidkardia.sph.umich.edu/software/chromoscan/ Contact: [email protected]
Empathy With the Shadow: Engaging and Transforming Difficulties Through Art:

A studio workshop exploring the theme of “empathy with the shadow” demonstrates how the arts and groups can be used to heal and transform personal afflictions. Vulnerabilities and rejected aspects of our personal lives are empathetically embraced as sources of creative energy that suggest approaches to the larger sociopolitical conflicts of the world.
Advances in the Understanding of Plaque Composition and Treatment Options: Year in Review

Atherosclerosis research has classically followed 2 intertwining lines of investigation concerning atherosclerosis as a local process (the “high-risk plaque”) and as a systemic disease (the “high-risk patient”). Over time, the weight of attention has swung, like a pendulum, between these 2 related foci. With optimal medical therapy and attention to risk factors firmly established as fundamental aspects of management, in the past year, we have nevertheless perceived a shift in the pendulum toward renewed focus on the local plaque. We contend that this shift results from a convergence of major advances in understanding the biology of plaque progression, novel sophisticated invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities for the in vivo characterization of plaque composition and inflammation, and emerging data and technologies that have renewed interest in locally targeted interventions. Here, we review the dynamic and exciting progress that has occurred over the last 12 months in this arena, while acknowledging future work that remains to be done to refine and validate new imaging modalities and therapies.
The Usefulness of a Mediterranean- Based Diet in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

This article reviews current data available on the Mediterranean diet related to its use in a diabetic population. Based on many published reports, it is apparent that the Mediterranean diet may be used in dietary interventions for the treatment of overweight and obesity, conditions associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. In addition, obesity in type 2 diabetic persons is associated with other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Mediterranean diet has been found to be inversely related to the metabolic syndrome, often a feature of diabetic individuals. Perhaps the most critical information placing the Mediterranean diet in a favorable position is the positive response of insulin, blood glucose, blood lipids, and other metabolic factors predicting cardiovascular disease risk and outcomes. This diet is a viable treatment option; advisors should stress not only adherence to a fairly traditional Mediterranean eating plan but also a lifestyle that includes sufficient physical activity.
/spl nu/-Quaternion splines for the smooth interpolation of orientations

We present a new method for smoothly interpolating orientation matrices. It is based upon quaternions and a particular construction of /spl nu/-spline curves. The new method has tension parameters and variable knot (time) spacing which both prove to be effective in designing and controlling key frame animations.
The significance of the antistreptolysin titer in respiratory allergy

Abstract 1.1. Antistreptolysin determinations were made on sera from 160 patients with respiratory allergy. 2.2. Forty-one patients (25.6 per cent) had elevated antistreptolysin titers on one or more occasions. 3.3. No significance relevant to the allergic state could be attached to transitory antistreptolysin increases. However, the demonstration of repeated abnormal antistreptolysin titers in 9 asthmatic patients was considered significant. 4.4. These 9 patients comprised 11.5 per cent of 78 patients with infectious asthma. This figure bears great significance in the realization that sensitization to numerous other bacterial antigens can take place. 5.5. It did not seem probable that earlier streptococcal diseases (scarlet fever, rheumatic fever) had any direct influence on the antistreptolysin index of the present study. 6.6. Persistently elevated antistreptolysin titers apparently indicate the presence of a focus of hemolytic streptococcal infections. Since such a focus is capable of inducing bacterial sensitization, a persistently elevated antistreptolysin titer in patients with infectious asthma could imply that sensitization to Group A hemolytic streptococcus exists and is of clinical importance in the allergic state. 7.7. Continued critical study of the antistreptolysin titer in infectious allergy appears justified by the suggestive results of the survey.
Large-scale plasmonic microarrays for label-free high-throughput screening

Microarrays allowing simultaneous analysis of thousands of parameters can significantly accelerate screening of large libraries of pharmaceutical compounds and biomolecular interactions. For large-scale studies on diverse biomedical samples, reliable, label-free, and high-content microarrays are needed. In this work, using large-area plasmonic nanohole arrays, we demonstrate for the first time a large-scale label-free microarray technology with over one million sensors on a single microscope slide. A dual-color filter imaging method is introduced to dramatically increase the accuracy, reliability, and signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors in a highly multiplexed manner. We used our technology to quantitatively measure protein-protein interactions. Our platform, which is highly compatible with the current microarray scanning systems can enable a powerful screening technology and facilitate diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Preemptable ticket spinlocks: improving consolidated performance in the cloud

When executing inside a virtual machine environment, OS level synchronization primitives are faced with significant challenges due to the scheduling behavior of the underlying virtual machine monitor. Operations that are ensured to last only a short amount of time on real hardware, are capable of taking considerably longer when running virtualized. This change in assumptions has significant impact when an OS is executing inside a critical region that is protected by a spinlock. The interaction between OS level spinlocks and VMM scheduling is known as the Lock Holder Preemption problem and has a significant impact on overall VM performance. However, with the use of ticket locks instead of generic spinlocks, virtual environments must also contend with waiters being preempted before they are able to acquire the lock. This has the effect of blocking access to a lock, even if the lock itself is available. We identify this scenario as the Lock Waiter Preemption problem. In order to solve both problems we introduce Preemptable Ticket spinlocks, a new locking primitive that is designed to enable a VM to always make forward progress by relaxing the ordering guarantees offered by ticket locks. We show that the use of Preemptable Ticket spinlocks improves VM performance by 5.32X on average, when running on a non paravirtual VMM, and by 7.91X when running on a VMM that supports a paravirtual locking interface, when executing a set of microbenchmarks as well as a realistic e-commerce benchmark.
Prototype Scale Development of an Environmentally Benign Yellow Smoke Hand-Held Signal Formulation Based on Solvent Yellow 33

We report herein the development of an environmentally benign yellow smoke formulation aimed to replace the environmentally hazardous mixture currently specified for the U.S. Army’s M194 yellow smo...
COURT STRUCTURE, DEFENSE ATTORNEY USE, AND JUVENILE COURT DECISIONS

A typology of metropolitan juvenile courts suggests important variations in court structure and procedure. Data describing case characteristics and disposition decisions were drawn from two courts ...
Reversal of Tumor-Mediated Immunosuppression

Therapeutic cancer vaccines, one form of active immunotherapy, have long been under investigation; consequently, several vaccine-based strategies have now moved from the bench to the clinical arena. Despite their tremendous promise, current vaccine strategies have shown only limited success in clinical settings, even in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a prototypical malignancy for the application of immunotherapy. There is ample evidence that, especially in RCC, multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms exist that considerably dampen antitumor responses and weaken the activity of current immunotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, it will be necessary to reverse tumor-mediated immunosuppression before immunotherapies can successfully be applied. Recent insights into the nature and characteristics of the regulatory elements of the immune system have provided new opportunities to enhance vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity and, thereby, increase the chance for improving patient outcome. These new insights represent important considerations for the future design and application of more effective cancer vaccines against RCC and other cancers.
A Genetic Classifier Account for the Regulation of Expression

This work is motivated by our model of neuroscience processing which incorporates large numbers of reentrant top-down feedback regulation connections. Such regulation is fundamental and can be found throughout biology. The purpose of this chapter is to broaden this model's application.
Alcohol misuse in young adulthood: effects of race, educational attainment, and social context.

We analyzed survey data collected from 1,582 African-American and White young adults to determine 1) whether the relationship between educational attainment and alcohol misuse would vary by race, and 2) what social and psychological factors might explain the differential effects of educational attainment on alcohol misuse. Low educational attainment was positively associated with alcohol misuse among African-American young adults, while high educational attainment was positively associated with alcohol misuse among Whites. Selected social and psychological factors (e.g., unemployment, emotional distress) did not explain the differential effect of low educational attainment of alcohol misuse, but college status and attitudes favorable toward alcohol use accounted for racial differences in the effect of high educational attainment on alcohol misuse. This study may help to explain why disproportionately higher rates of alcohol-related health and social problems have been observed in the African-American adul...
The significance of the cystine content of finger nails in arthritis

Abstract 1. 1. Finger nail analysis may contribute to the prognosis and the study of the effect of various treatments since with improvement in clinical condition there is a tendency for the cystine content of the finger nails when low in cystine to return to normal. 2. 2. Arthritis may occur with high or low cystine nails. 3. 3. Other diseases may show low cystine nails. 4. 4. The cystine content of the finger nails in arthritis has no specific diagnostic value as far as arthritis is concerned. 5. 5. In the sulfur metabolism the animal body has a ready though limited defense against injurious agencies, phenol, indol, cyanides, and possibly some amines. 6. 6. The principal significance of the cystine content of the finger nails is that low cystine nails may indicate a weakened physical bank account and a lessened resistance to injurious agencies.
Ultimate bistability: Hysteretic resonance of a slightly-relativistic electron

It was recently predicted by us that cyclotron resonance of free electrons in vacuum and conduction electrons in semiconductors may exhibit bistable and hysteretic behavior which is due to the relativistic mass-effect (or pseudo relativistic-in semiconductors). Consistent with this prediction, the hysteretic cyclotron resonance of a trapped single electron in vacuum has recently been experimentally observed by Gabrielse et al. A preliminary estimate shows that their experimental results are consistent with the relativistic nature of the observed hysteresis. In this paper we consider this phenomenon as ultimate bistability since it is based on the most fundamental mechanism of nonlinearity (the relativistic mass-effect), involves the interaction of an EM wave with the simplest single elementary particle, and exhibits the first known intrinsic bistability with no macroscopic optical feedback. We also show that a hysteretic resonance of a Single electron based on relativistic effects is feasible also in a parabolic potential (with no magnetic field required to attain a resonance).
High Quality Silicon Epitaxy In An Ultra High Vacuum Rapid Thermal Cvd Reactor: An Application to Single Wafer Processing

In this paper, we report epitaxial growth of silicon in an ultra high vacuum rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (UHV/RTCVD) equipment. In this study, our objectives were low temperature/low thermal budget processing and a high throughput compatible with single wafer manufacturing. The reactor consists of a load lock, a main process chamber and an intermediate cryopumped vacuum buffer chamber between the two chambers. An ultra-clean process environment was achieved using oil free pumps and point of use gas purifiers. The wafer is heated by a Peak Systems LXU-35 arc lamp through a quartz window. In this system, we achieved good quality silicon epitaxy at low temperature (T≤800°C) in the very low, 100 mTorr, pressure regime with high throughput (Growth rate>0.25 μm/min.). High growth rate was achieved using Si2H6 as the reactant gas instead of SiH4 or SiH2Cl2 which are more commonly used gases for epitaxial growth. High temperature in-situ cleaning was completely eliminated by initiating film growth on a hydrogen passivated surface obtained via dilute HF etching. Generation lifetimes in the 200–400μs range were measured for deposition temperatures of 700°C, 750°C and 800°C with no strong dependence on the deposition temperature.
Chronic hypoxia increases the NO contribution of acetylcholine vasodilation of the fetal guinea pig heart

To investigate the effect of chronic hypoxia (HPX) on vasodilation of the fetal heart, we exposed pregnant guinea pigs to room air or 12% O2 for 4, 7, or 10 days. We excised hearts from anesthetize...
Coupling the magnetic and heat dissipative properties of Fe3O4 particles to enable applications in catalysis, drug delivery, tissue destruction and remote biological interfacing

As interest in nanomaterials continues to grow, and the scope of their applications widens, one subset of materials has set itself apart: magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Two unique properties of MNPs, their ability to move under the influence of an external magnetic field, and their propensity to dissipate heat upon exposure to an alternating, radio-frequency signal have enabled widespread applications in catalysis, drug delivery, tissue destruction and remote biological interfacing. Many of the uses rely either on the movement or the heating, though this review focuses on cutting edge research from recent years that has begun to develop applications that couple these two properties unique to MNPs. The more these properties are coupled, the more we can achieve a greater complexity of function with a reduced complexity of form.
Synthetic Lubricant Base Stock Processes and Products

This chapter reviews the product and process for synthetic base stocks produced from chemicals of well-defined chemical structures and in processes tailored to optimize important properties and performance features. These synthetic base stocks are critical components used in the formulation of many synthetic lubricants. (In this chapter, we use “synthetic base stock“ to represent the base fluid and “synthetic lubricant“ to represent formulated, finished lubricant product.) At the start of this chapter, we briefly discuss the background and the driving force for using synthetic lubricants. The major part of the chapter discusses the key synthetic base stocks chemistry, synthesis processes, properties, their applications in synthetic lubricant formulation and advantages compared to petroleum-derived base stocks. Many U.S. base oil manufacturers and formulators include some Group
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Simply stated, everyday people should strive to fall asleep at the time when they are sleepiest. For most people this means having the major sleep period start in the evening and conclude at dawn. However, situations arise in which a person’s sleep timing, or circadian rhythm of sleep, is not synchronized with other factors, potentially leading to sleep quality problems. The term circadian refers to a circuit or period that is about 24 hours long. Many physiological, biochemical, and behavioral activities have a circadian rhythm, with the sleep-wake cycle being the most easily recognized. The sleep-wake cycle is related to other circadian rhythms, such as core body temperature and concentrations of melatonin or cortisol, through a complex interaction of signals.
Copper stimulation and inhibition of the rat uterus.

To clarify the possible effects of the copper IUD on the human myometrium the in vitro effects of copper ions and copper metal were studied on the rat uterus. Copper sulfate induced uterine contractions which often showed higher tension that those induced by lower concentration of oxytocin. The copper induced contractions were harder to reverse than the oxytocin by rinsing the uterus. The copper activity was depressed by diethyldithiocarbamate a copper chelating agent. Theophylline inhibited the contractions implying the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP). Copper salts administered into the uterine lumen caused contractions at higher concentrations than when cupric ion was added to the medium. An inserted copper wire caused intense contractions for several hours with a final inhibition of the uterus to the development of tension.
Local pathways in coherent electron transport through iron porphyrin complexes: A challenge for first-principles transport calculations

We investigate the coherent electron transport properties of a selection of iron porphyrin complexes in their low-spin and high-spin states, binding the system to metallic electrodes with three different substitution patterns. We use a study of the local transmission through the complexes and their molecular orbitals to show the role of the various components of the molecular structure in mediating electron transport. While there are energies where the metal center and the axial ligands participate in transport, in the off-resonant energy range, these components simply form a scaffold, and the transport is dominated by transmission through the porphyrin macrocyle alone. This is still true when going from the low-spin to the high-spin state, except that now, an additional iron-centered MO contributes to transport in the formerly off-resonant region. It is found that while the choice of the exchange-correlation functional can strongly influence the quantitative results, our qualitative conclusions hold irrespective of the functional employed.
Seruni Precipitable and Butanol Extractable Iodine of Bovine Sera

SummaryFour comparisons (10 sera in each comparison) were made of the SPI content of Jersey and Aberdeen Angus sera. The average SPI of the Jersey sera was 5.0 μg %, whereas that of the Aberdeen Angus sera was 4.2 μg %. In a comparison of Jersey and Brown Swiss sera the former was found to be higher in PBI than the latter, 4.6 and 3.7 μg % respectively; the average BEI of the sera, however, was identical (2.5 μg %). The range of SPI for Jersey and Brown Swiss heifers was so great that no comparison is justified; the average BEI was 2.5 μg % and 3.9 μg % respectively.
Demyelinating Syndromes Associated with Anti-TNF alpha Agents: Case Series (P06.182)

Objective: To describe clinical and MRI features of demyelinating syndromes associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Background Anti-TNF alpha agents are used for a variety of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and sarcoidosis. A few case reports have described CNS demyelination following anti-TNF therapy. However, it is not clear to what extent the CNS is involved nor is the clinical outcome over a longer period of time available for these patients. Design/Methods: Clinical and MRI data from 6 patients is described. These patients were treated with adalimumab (2), etanercept (2), infliximab (2). Demographic characteristics: age range 38-59, 5 females, 1 male. Patients were followed for 1-4 years. Results: Three patients presented with optic neuritis (ON), two with transverse myelitis (TM), and one with asymptomatic CNS lesions. One male patient who presented with ON had a remarkable recovery over 6 months but later developed relapsing demyelinating disease typical of MS. His CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. The other 2 patients with ON did not further develop any relapses, but one of the patients continued to have severe vision loss with little recovery over 6 months. Two patients with TM also recovered well without any further relapses. All patients except the one with further relapses were negative for oligoclonal bands. Conclusions: CNS demyelination can be a rare complication of anti-TNF alpha therapy. In this series, most patients had a single clinical event and MRI of the brain showed additional T2 lesions some of which were consistent with MS. However, most of the patients that were negative for oligoclonal bands did not develop further demyelinating events. Most patients recovered well from the demyelinating event except one patient. Only 1 of 6 patients who tested positive for oligoclonal bands developed MS. Disclosure: Dr. Williamson has received personal compensation for activities with Accorda Therapeutics as a participant on an advisory board. Dr. Javed has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Serono, Inc., Novartis, Questcor and Biogen Idec as a consultant and/or speaker.
Feynman-Kac semigroup with discontinuous additive functionals

LetX be a symmetric stable process of index α, 0<α<2, inRd, let μ be a (signed) Radon measure onRd belonging to the Kato classKd, α and letF be a Borel function onRd×Rd satisfying certain conditions. Suppose thatA t μ is the continuous additive functional with μ as its Revuz measure and $$\begin{gathered} A_{t } = A_t^\mu + \Sigma F(X_{s - } , X_s ) \hfill \\ 0< S \leqslant t \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Then the defined semigroup $$T_t f(x) = E^x \{ e^{A_1 } f(X_1 )\} $$ is called the Feynman-Kac semigroup. In this paper we study the Feynman-Kac semigroup (T t ) t>0 and identify the bilinear form corresponding to it.
The influence of processed corn and supplemental fat on digestion of limit-fed diets and performance of beef cows

Trial 1, 135 crossbred cows with calves were used to compare limit-fed corn-hay diets with ad libitum hay and cracked with whole corn in limit-fed diets. Diets were to supply similar TDN intakes. Cow-calf pairs were fed treatment diets from 24 h after parturition until the beginning of the breeding season (62+/-13 d). Cow and calf performance was not affected (P > .05) by intake level or corn processing. In Trial 2, 48 crossbred primiparous cows with calves were used to determine the effect of adding 4% fat to a limit-fed corn-hay diet. Diets were to provide similar TDN intakes. Cow-calf pairs were fed treatment diets from 24 h after parturition until the breeding season started (79+/-14 d). Cow weight, condition score change, and calf gain were not affected (P > .05) by supplemental fat. Milk yield and composition were not different (P > .05) 52 d postpartum. At 92 d postpartum, milk production was 65% greater (P = .01) for cows that received supplemental fat. In Trial 3, four cannulated steers were used to evaluate the influence of corn processing and fat supplementation on digestion. Feeding cracked corn improved (P .05) digestion. Limit-feeding a corn-hay diet is an alternative to feeding ad libitum hay that can accomplish similar cow and calf performance. Supplementation of 4% fat can be used in a limit-fed diet without detrimental effects on digestion, lactation, or cow and calf performance.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Group-Based Culturally Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy among African American Smokers

Introduction This study tested the efficacy of group-based culturally specific cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation among low-income African Americans. Methods Participants (N = 342; 63.8% male; M = 49.5 years old; M cigarettes per day = 18) were randomly assigned to eight sessions of group-based culturally specific or standard CBT, plus 8 weeks of transdermal nicotine patches. Biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (ppa) was assessed at the end-of-therapy (ie, CBT) (EOT), and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were the longitudinal intervention effect over the 12-month follow-up period, and 7-day ppa at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included 7-day ppa at the EOT and 12-month follow-up, and intervention ratings. Generalized linear mixed modeling tested the longitudinal effect and logistic regression tested effects at specific timepoints. Results Generalized linear mixed modeling demonstrated a longitudinal effect of intervention condition. Specifically, 7-day ppa was two times (P = .02) greater following culturally specific CBT versus standard CBT when tested across all timepoints. Analyses by timepoint found no significant difference at 6 or 12 months, yet culturally specific CBT was efficacious at the EOT (62.5% vs. 51.5% abstinence, P = .05) and the 3-month follow-up (36.4% vs. 22.9% abstinence, P = .007). Finally, intervention ratings in both conditions were high, with no significant differences. Conclusions Culturally specific CBT had a positive longitudinal effect on smoking cessation compared to a standard approach; however, the effects were driven by short-term successes. We recommend the use of group-based culturally specific CBT in this population when possible, and future research on methods to prevent long-term relapse. Implications Culturally specific interventions are one approach to address smoking-related health disparities; however, evidence for their efficacy in African Americans is equivocal. Moreover, the methodological limitations of the existing literature preclude an answer to this fundamental question. We found a positive longitudinal effect of culturally specific CBT versus standard CBT for smoking cessation across the follow-up period. Analyses by assessment point revealed that the overall effect was driven by early successes. Best practices for treating tobacco use in this population should attend to ethnocultural factors, but when this is not possible, standard CBT is an alternative approach for facilitating long-term abstinence.
The Winter’s Tale: ‘Awake Your Faith’

As it enacts the consequences, destructive yet ultimately joyous, of a king’s loss of faith in his queen, The Winter’s Tale tests, more audaciously than any other play called ‘Shakespeare’s’, the fidelity of its audiences — their capacity and willingness to participate, with players and playwright, in the processes of creating and sustaining theatrical life. Composed sometime between 1609 and 15 May 1611 (the date of the earliest performance on record), the play also illustrates two developments — described in Chapter l — central to what proved to be the final phase of Shakespeare’s career. One is a distinct shift, away from tragedy, in the kind of plays he provided for the King’s Men to perform after 1608. The second is a radical change, also after 1608, in the immediate circumstances under which he and they carried out the theatrical work by which they earned their livings.
Sparse estimation based external system line outage detection

In power systems, accurate detection of line outages is important for the reliable and secure operation. Under normal system conditions, with all measurements available, state estimation provides system wide awareness to the operators. However, when a subset of measurements is lost, the system can split into two subsystems: observable (internal) and unobservable (external). The state estimation cannot be carried out for the unobservable portion of the system until the measurements can be recovered. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient external line outage detection algorithm that uses only the internal bus phase angles and the pre-contingency system topology of the system. The main contribution of the proposed method is that it introduces a post-detection verification step to eliminate false positives. Both DC and AC simulations are performed using an IEEE 14-bus system to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed outage detection algorithm.
Back to the future: leveraging Belady's algorithm for improved cache replacement

Belady's algorithm is optimal but infeasible because it requires knowledge of the future. This paper explains how a cache replacement algorithm can nonetheless learn from Belady's algorithm by applying it to past cache accesses to inform future cache replacement decisions. We show that the implementation is surprisingly efficient, as we introduce a new method of efficiently simulating Belady's behavior, and we use known sampling techniques to compactly represent the long history information that is needed for high accuracy. For a 2MB LLC, our solution uses a 16KB hardware budget (excluding replacement state in the tag array). When applied to a memory-intensive subset of the SPEC 2006 CPU benchmarks, our solution improves performance over LRU by 8.4%, as opposed to 6.2% for the previous state-of-the-art. For a 4-core system with a shared 8MB LLC, our solution improves performance by 15.0%, compared to 12.0% for the previous state-of-the-art.
An Intensive Survey of Prehistoric Dry Farming Systems Near Tumamoc Hill in Tucson, Arizona

An intensive survey was performed on a series of small bajadas immediately west of Tumamoc Hill in Tucson, Arizona. Material ranging in age from the Chiricahua stage of the Cochise culture (3500 to...
Post-operative morbidity, but not mortality, is worsened by operative delay in septic diverticulitis

Optimal timing of surgery for acute diverticulitis remains unclear. A non-operative approach followed by elective surgery 6-week post-resolution is favored. However, a subset of patients fail on the non-operative management during index admission. Here, we examine patients requiring emergent operation to evaluate the effect of surgical delay on patient outcomes. Patients undergoing emergent operative intervention for acute diverticulitis were queried using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2012. Primary endpoints of 30-day overall morbidity and mortality were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analysis. Of the 2,119 patients identified for study inclusion, 57.2 % (n = 1212) underwent emergent operative intervention within 24 h, 26.3 % (n = 558) between days 1–3, 12.9 % (n = 273) between days 3–7, and 3.6 % (n = 76) greater than 7 days from admission. End colostomy was performed in 77.4 % (n = 1,640) of cases. Unadjusted age and presence of major comorbidities increased with operative delay. Further, unadjusted 30-day overall morbidity, mortality, septic complications, and post-operative length of stay increased significantly with operative delay. On multivariate analysis, operative delay was not associated with increased 30-day mortality but was associated with increased 30-day overall morbidity. Hartmann’s procedure has remained the standard operation in emergent surgical management of acute diverticulitis. Delay in definitive surgical therapy greater than 24 h from admission is associated with higher rates of morbidity and protracted post-operative length of stay, but there is no increase in 30-day mortality. Prospective study is necessary to further answer the question of surgical timing in acute diverticulitis.
Notes on Rank Statistics

We consider certain aspects of two ranks statistics. For the non parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test, power curves for this test are plotted and compared for several population distributions. The power of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is compared to the power of the sign test. Computations to calculate power are performed using a computer algebra system and an algorithm is presented to perform these computations. Power curves are plotted and compared for small sample sizes. Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate power curves for larger sample sizes. For the Mann–Whitney rank sum statistic, the distribution of the statistic is considered in the presence of ties, both within a sample and between samples.
Scripting and Algorithm Development

This chapter illustrates the use of Python scripts to interrogate Pyomo models and customize the optimization process. We present a variety of simple scripts for common analysis activities. We also discuss several advanced scripting topics using examples such as hybrid optimization and Benders decomposition. Together, these scripting examples illustrate how Pyomo users can go beyond the simple use of the pyomo command to formulate and analyze optimization models.
128 : Truncated form of transforming growth factor-β receptor II, but not its absence, induces memory CD8+ T cell expansion and lymphoproliferative disorder in mice

Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the generation of effector and memory CD8 + T cells. We used two different models, transgenic expression of truncated (dominant negative) form of transforming growth factor- β receptor II (dnTGF β RII) and Cre-mediated deletion of the floxed TGF β RII to examine the role of TGF- β signaling in the formation, function, and homeostatic proliferation of memory CD8 + T cells. Blocking TGF- β signaling in effector CD8 + T cells using both of these models demonstrated a role for TGF- β in regulating the number of short-lived effector cells, but did not alter memory CD8 + T cell formation and their function upon Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. Interestingly however, a massive lymphoproliferative disorder and cellular transformation were observed in antigen-experienced and homeostatically generated memory CD8 + T cells only in cells that express the dnTGF β RII, but not in cells with a complete deletion of TGF β RII. Furthermore, the development of transformed memory CD8 + T cells expressing dnTGF β RII was IL-7- and IL-15-independent, and MHC class I was not required for their proliferation. We show that transgenic expression of the dnTGF β RII, rather than the absence of TGF β RII-mediated signaling, is responsible for dysregulated expansion of memory CD8 + T cells. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized dominant function of the dnTGF β RII in CD8 + T cell proliferation and cellular transformation, which is caused by a mechanism that is different than the absence of TGF- β signaling. These results should be considered during both basic and translational studies where there is a desire to block TGF- β signaling in CD8 + T cells.