cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Analysis on the Wire to Streaming NSLS-II Beamline Data

The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLSII) is a scientific facility that generates vast amounts of many different types of data, including 2D images produced by X-ray scattering experiments. These images are captured and sent from the detectors at rates that usually range from several tens to several hundreds of frames per second. Such high incoming data rates can be difficult to keep up with if real/near-real time image analysis is required. We propose to use the Analysis on Wire framework to introduce intermediate processing while these images are in transit from the detector to their destination. As the 2D images come out of the detector, we capture the corresponding raw data packets while they travel through the network. We use TCP stream reconstruction to correctly reassemble the image data and subsequently execute the analysis code in parallel to analyze multiple images simultaneously. Our measurements indicate that the approach is feasible and effective.
The muon $g-2$: a brief overview of hadronic cross section data

The hadronic vacuum polarisation contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_{\mu}^{\rm had, VP}$ are evaluated dispersively via a combination of experimentally measured $e^+e^-\rightarrow {\rm hadrons}$ cross section data. Many experiments have dedicated programmes to precisely measure these final states, meaning that a vast amount of data is now available and that, in some cases, overall precision has reached the sub-percent level. However, data tensions are evident between measurements of the same hadronic channels from different experiments, which reduces the overall quality of the data combinations used to determine $a_{\mu}^{\rm had, \, VP}$. The inclusion of these data in the KNT18 analysis results in $a_{\mu}^{\rm had, \, LO \, VP} = (693.26 \pm 2.46)\times 10^{-10}$ and $a_{\mu}^{\rm had, \, NLO \, VP} = (-9.82 \pm 0.04)\times 10^{-10}$. The corresponding new estimate for the Standard Model prediction is found to be $a_{\mu}^{\rm SM} = (11\ 659 \ 182.04 \pm 3.56) \times 10^{-10}$, which is $3.7\sigma$ below the current experimental measurement.
Preference for flavored wheat straw by lambs conditioned with intraruminal administrations of sodium propionate.

We hypothesized that volatile fatty acids are feedback signals that condition food preferences in ruminants, and we tested two predictions based on this hypothesis : 1) low doses of propionate condition preferences for low-quality foods (Exp. 1) and 2) preferences are not caused by osmotic load (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, lambs were offered chopped wheat straw flavored with either oregano or onion on odd days, whereas on even days flavors were switched and lambs received capsules containing sodium propionate. During four 8-d conditioning periods, the amounts of propionate delivered ranged from.7 to 1.4% of the daily DE intake (Period 1) or were fixed at.7% (Period 2) and 1% of the daily DE intake (Periods 3 and 4). After each 8-d conditioning period, lambs were offered oregano- and onion-flavored straw. Conditioning was then suspended and lambs were offered onion- and oregano-flavored straw at weekly intervals for 1 mo (extinction). Lambs preferred the flavor paired with propionate during conditioning (P < .001) and extinction (P <.07). During Exp. 2, a different group of lambs was conditioned as in Exp. 1, but sodium chloride was delivered at osmotic loads equivalent to those when propionate supplied.7% and 1% of the daily DE intake. Lambs strongly avoided the flavor paired with sodium chloride (P <.001). Thus, lambs acquired preferences for straw conditioned with doses of propionate typically considered ineffective in the regulation of food intake, and osmolalities generated by propionate did not cause, but probably attenuated, food preferences.
Neural Network Model for Detection of Edges Defined by Image Dynamics

Insects can detect the presence of discrete objects in their visual fields based on a range of differences in spatiotemporal characteristics between the images of object and background. This includes but is not limited to relative motion. Evidence suggests that edge detection is an integral part of this capability, and this study examines the ability of a bio-inspired processing model to detect the presence of boundaries between two regions of a one-dimensional visual field, based on general differences in image dynamics. The model consists of two parts. The first is an early vision module inspired by insect visual processing, which implements adaptive photoreception, ON and OFF channels with transient and sustained characteristics, and delayed and undelayed signal paths. This is replicated for a number of photoreceptors in a small linear array. It is followed by an artificial neural network trained to discriminate the presence vs. absence of an edge based on the array output signals. Input data are derived from natural imagery and feature both static and moving edges between regions with moving texture, flickering texture, and static patterns in all possible combinations. The model can discriminate the presence of edges, stationary or moving, at rates far higher than chance. The resources required (numbers of neurons and visual signals) are realistic relative to those available in the insect second optic ganglion, where the bulk of such processing would be likely to take place.
Buprenorphine for Cancer Pain in Patients With Nonmedical Opioid Use: A Retrospective Study at a Comprehensive Cancer Center:

Background:Outpatients with cancer commonly have nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) behaviors and use opioids to dull emotional and existential suffering. Buprenorphine is often used for cancer pain due ...
The Mentoring Process for Feminist Therapists: One Trainee's Perspective

Summary Empirical research and personal narratives highlight the important role of mentorship in the training of feminist schol ars and therapists. This article explores what we know (and don't know) about ferminist mentoring, particularly as it relates to the practice of feminist therapy. A personal narrative of one trainee' s experience of mentoring in her development as a feminist therapist follows. The article concludes with suggestions for other feminist therapy trainees.
Cognitive and Affective Outcomes of Short-Term Service-Learning Experiences: An Exploratory Study

This study examined the performance differences in cognitive and affective outcomes between students who completed a short-term service-learning experience and students who watched a video exemplar of the task. Performance measures were obtained via a written reflection paper that contained both cognitive and affective components. Results revealed no significant differences on cognitive outcomes and significant differences on affective outcomes. The results were consistent when academic level and overall course performance were controlled. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Hierarchical assembly of the MLL1 core complex within a biomolecular condensate regulates H3K4 methylation

The enzymes that regulate histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation are required for cellular differentiation and development and are often mutated in human disease. Mixed Lineage Leukemia protein-1 (MLL1) is a member of the SET1 family of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases, which require interaction with a conserved sub-complex consisting of WDR5, RbBP5, Ash2L and DPY30 (WRAD2) for maximal activity. It is currently unclear how assembly of SET1 family complexes is involved in the spatiotemporal control of H3K4 methylation in eukaryotic genomes. In this investigation, we systematically characterized the hydrodynamic and kinetic properties of a reconstituted human MLL1 core complex and found that its assembly is highly concentration and temperature dependent. Consistent with a hierarchical assembly pathway, we found that the holo-complex assembles through interactions between the MW and RAD2 sub-complexes, which is correlated with enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, we found that the disassembled state is favored at physiological temperatures, and that this thermodynamic barrier can be overcome under conditions that induce high-local concentrations of subunits in phase separated compartments. Combining this data with the observation that MLL1 primary sequence contains large regions of intrinsic disorder, we propose a swinging-domain model in which the interaction between a tethered MW subcomplex and multiple nucleosome-RAD2 complexes is regulated by the rapid formation or dissolution of biomolecular condensates, such as occurs in transcription factories. This model provides an elegant switch-like mechanism for spatiotemporal control of H3K4 methylation within eukaryotic genomes.
General-purpose imaging with single-photon cameras (Conference Presentation)

Single-photon sensor technology is rapidly emerging as the optical sensor technology of choice in specialized low flux imaging applications such as long-range LiDAR, fluorescence microscopy and non-line-of-sight imaging. We ask the question: Can single-photon sensors be used more broadly as general-purpose image sensors for passive 2D intensity imaging? We derive a photon flux estimator using the number of photons detected in a fixed exposure time by a dead-time-limited single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensor. Unlike a conventional image sensor pixel that has a hard saturation limit due to its full well capacity, our SPAD-based passive imaging method has a non-linear response that never saturates. This enables SPADs to operate not only at extremely low photon flux levels but also at extremely high flux levels, several orders of magnitude higher than the saturation limit of conventional image sensors. We present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the effect of various design parameters on the signal-to-noise-ratio and dynamic range of a passively operated SPAD pixel, and also demonstrate the dynamic range improvement experimentally.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of innate immune signaling via RIG-I–like receptors

RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 comprise the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). RIG-I and MDA5 are essential pathogen recognition receptors sensing viral infections while LGP2 has been described as both RLR cofactor and negative regulator. After sensing and binding to viral RNA, including double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), RIG-I and MDA5 undergo cytosol-to-membrane relocalization to bind and signal through the MAVS adaptor protein on intracellular membranes, thus directing downstream activation of IRF3 and innate immunity. Here, we report examination of the dynamic subcellular localization of all three RLRs within the intracellular response to dsRNA and RNA virus infection. Observations from high resolution biochemical fractionation and electron microscopy, coupled with analysis of protein interactions and IRF3 activation, show that, in resting cells, microsome but not mitochondrial fractions harbor the central components to initiate innate immune signaling. LGP2 interacts with MAVS in microsomes, blocking the RIG-I/MAVS interaction. Remarkably, in response to dsRNA treatment or RNA virus infection, LGP2 is rapidly released from MAVS and redistributed to mitochondria, temporally correlating with IRF3 activation. We reveal that IRF3 activation does not take place on mitochondria but instead occurs at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived membranes. Our observations suggest ER-derived membranes as key RLR signaling platforms controlled through inhibitory actions of LGP2 binding to MAVS wherein LGP2 translocation to mitochondria releases MAVS inhibition to facilitate RLR-mediated signaling of innate immunity.
Maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior problems in a nationally representative normal birthweight sample

Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior problems in a nationally representative sample of U.S. mothers of normal birthweight babies. Methods: We analyzed data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) and a 1991 follow-up survey. Depressive symptoms were measured at both surveys using the CES-D, and child behavior problems were assessed by maternal self-report at follow-up. Results: Approximately 28% of the 5303 mothers reported depressive symptoms at a mean of 17 months after delivery, as did 20% at 36 months. In multivariate analyses, women with depressive symptoms at either or both surveys were significantly more likely than women without depressive symptoms to report that their children had frequent temper tantrums or difficulty getting along with other children, and were difficult to manage, unhappy, or fearful. Compared to women without depressive symptoms, the risks of reporting three out of the five child behavior problems for women with depressive symptoms were OR = 1.6 (CI = 1.1–2.1), 1988 only; OR = 2.3 (CI = 1.6;3.3), 1991 only; and OR = 3.6 (2.6–5.0), both 1988 and 1991. Conclusions: Study findings indicate that a substantial proportion of mothers of young children in the United States experience depressive symptoms and that their children are at significantly increased risk of maternally reported behavior problems. Our results suggest that efforts to identify and treat depression in new mothers should be increased and that mothers whose children are found to have behavior problems should be assessed for depression.
Data-driven classification of arrest location for emergency department cardiac arrests.

Abstract Background Resuscitation research is inconsistent in how emergency department (ED) arrests are classified. We tested whether clinical features of ED arrests more closely resembled out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) or in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Methods We performed a retrospective study including all patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest at a single academic medical center from January 2010 to December 2019. We abstracted clinical information from our prospective registry. We used unsupervised learning (k-prototypes) to identify clusters within the OHCA and IHCA cohorts. We determined the number of subgroups using scree plots. We assigned individual ED arrest patients the nearest OHCA or IHCA cluster based on the shortest Gower distance from that patient to the nearest cluster center. In our secondary analysis, we determined the optimal number of clusters in each of the 3 arrest cohorts, and then calculated the mean Gower distances with the standard deviation (SD) between cluster centers (ED-IHCA, ED-OHCA, IHCA-OHCA). Results We included 2723 patients: 372 (14%) ED arrests, 1709 (63%) OHCA, and 642 (23%) IHCA. We identified 3 clusters of OHCA patients, and 4 clusters of IHCA patients. Of ED arrest cases, 292 (78%) most closely resembled an IHCA cluster and 80 (22%) most closely resembled an OHCA cluster. Mean (SD) Gower distance between ED arrest and IHCA centers was 0.33 (0.2). Mean Gower distances between ED arrest-OHCA centers and between IHCA-OHCA centers were 0.41 (0.11). Conclusion Across multiple aggregated measures, ED arrests resemble IHCA more than OHCA.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals.

Background Achieving high levels of hand hygiene compliance of health care personnel has been an ongoing challenge. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance (HHP) rates in acute care hospitals. Methods HHP rates were estimated using an automated hand hygiene monitoring system installed in 74 adult inpatient units in 7 hospitals and 10 pediatric inpatient units in 2 children's hospitals. A segmented regression model was used to estimate the trajectory of HHP rates in the 10 weeks leading up to a COVID-19-related milestone event (eg, school closures) and for 10 weeks after. Results Three effects emerged, all of which were significant at P Conclusions Data from an automated hand hygiene monitoring system indicated that HHP shifted in multiple directions during the early stages of the pandemic. We discuss possible reasons why HHP first increased as the pandemic began and then decreased as it progressed.
Buffering anti-fat attitudes using contact: The roles of contact quantity, duration, favorability, and intergroup anxiety.

Abstract Decades of intergroup contact research have found that contact with outgroups reduces negative attitudes. Yet, few studies have examined the association between contact and anti-fat attitudes. Furthermore, testing different facets of contact, namely contact quantity versus contact duration, provides more precise theoretical predictions for their effectiveness in this under-tested context. This study examined whether intergroup anxiety was indirectly related to and contact favorability moderated the relationship between contact and anti-fat attitudes, tested through the constructs of contact quantity (i.e., how many individuals interacted with) and contact duration (i.e., how often time was spent). Undergraduates (N = 343; 260 women) based in the United States completed an online survey assessing intergroup contact, contact favorability, intergroup anxiety, and anti-fat attitudes. Analyses of conditional indirect effects showed that longer contact but not more contact reduced intergroup anxiety, which lowered anti-fat attitudes. The indirect paths for both contact types were not conditional upon contact favorability. Contact favorability moderated the association between contact duration and anti-fat attitudes such that longer and more favorable contact lowered anti-fat attitudes. Findings are discussed within the contact hypothesis, and future research should explore the distinct elements of the hypothesis as applicable to anti-fat prejudice in in-person and online contexts.
A dignidade do sujeito dos direito humanos

Em 1985, a UNESCO publicou Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights apos encomendar a redacao do livro ao International Institute of Philosophy . Como presidente honorario do instituto, Paul Ricoeur foi convidado a redigir a sintese filosofica da obra coletiva, formada a partir das contribuicoes de autores de distintos continentes e de diversas escolas de pensamento. Nessa obra, o artigo do proprio Paul Ricoeur sobre os fundamentos filosoficos dos direitos humanos esta a servico da leitura, exame e ordenacao das respostas alheias. Ao longo de todo o livro, nao ha qualquer estudo dedicado a questao da dignidade do sujeito dos direitos humanos. Neste artigo, espera-se contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna a luz da filosofia de Paul Ricoeur. Palavras-chave: Dignidade Humana. Direitos humanos. Paul Ricoeur. The dignity of the subject ofhuman rights Abstract In 1985, UNESCO published Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights after ordering the construction of the book to the International Institute of Philosophy. As honorary president of the Institute, Paul Ricoeur was invited to draw up a philosophical synthesis of the collective work, formed from the contributions of authors from different continents and different schools of thought. In this book, Paul Ricoeur’s article on the philosophical foundations of human rights is at the service of reading, examination and ranking the responses of others. Throughout this book, there is not any study devoted to the question of the dignity of the subject of human rights. In this article,we hope to contribuite to filing this gap in the light of the philosophy of Paul Ricoer. Keywords: Human Dignity. Human rights. Philosophy. Paul Ricoeur.
Bayesian detector and adaptive receivers for TH-SSMA ultra-wide bandwidth impulse radio

In this paper, we derive and analyze a Bayesian detector for a multiple access ultra-wideband (UWB) system, which only requires the knowledge of the signature code of the user of interest. The receiver structure is equivalent to a single user matched filter (MF) receiver followed by an adaptive threshold. Since the multiple access interference (MAI) is not Gaussian, this detector outperforms the conventional MF detector at the expense of the additional complexity necessary for calculating the adaptive threshold. In the two-user case, as the AWGN tends to zero, the probability of error of the Bayesian detector goes to zero for any finite-length time-hopping codes. This is in contrast to the MF receiver, which requires infinitely long codes to achieve the same result. Finally, we propose a linear MMSE adaptive receiver to mitigate MAI with low complexity.
Insensitivity of homocitrate synthase in extracts of Penicillium chyrosogenum to feedback inhibition by lysine.

We previously reported that lysine inhibits in vivo homocitrate synthesis in the lysine bradytroph, Penicillium chrysogenum L1, and that such feedback inhibition could explain the known lysine inhibition of penicillin formation. In the present study, it was found that dialyzed cell-free extracts of mutant L1 converted [1-14C]acetate to homocitrate. This homocitrate synthase activity was extremely labile but could be stabilized by high salt concentrations. The pH optimum of the reaction was 6.9, and the Km was 5.5 mM with respect to α-ketoglutarate. The reaction was also dependent upon the presence of Mg2+, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, and coenzyme A. Surprisingly, the activity in these crude extracts was not inhibited by lysine. Benzylpenicillin at a high concentration (20 mM) partially inhibited the enzyme, an effect that was enhanced by lysine. Casein hydrolysate also partially inhibited the enzyme.
A transmission utility's experience to date with feeder unit protection systems

This paper investigates a number of design, operation and lifetime management experiences of feeder unit protection systems installed on National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) UK networks. The paper will consider the policy, application design and operational experiences under the following categories in particular since the move to numeric protection: policy and application design; SDH communication networks; Operational experience to date; Maintenance and post commissioning support; application of future current differential protection; future IEC61850 application. GPS synchronised feeder current differential protection has been installed on NGET UK networks since early 2000. This paper highlights a number of problems and solutions of this type of protection, particularly NGET's experiences in the performance of GPS receivers. Finally NGET's application policy for future installation of feeder unit protection is also discussed. (6 pages)
The Binding of Carbon Monoxide to α and β Chains in Tetrameric Mammalian Hemoglobin

Hemoglobins stripped of organic phosphate by gel filtration and dissolved in 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanol (bis-tris) buffers at pH 7, or in borate buffers at pH 9, show sharp isosbestic points when their reaction with carbon monoxide is examined by the stopped flow method. The time course of the reaction is independent of the wave length of the observing light. In phosphate buffers at pH 7, or on the addition of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or of inositol hexaphosphate to bis-tris buffers, isosbestic points are no longer found and the time course of the reaction varies with the wave length of the observing light. This result is attributed to differences between the α and β chains. Sheep hemoglobin is exceptional among the mammalian hemoglobins examined because it shows sharp isosbestic points under all conditions tested.
Simple Model Technique for Better Understanding of Diesel Engine Vibration and Noise

This paper describes an approach to predict the dynamic behavior and the radiating noise of the diesel engine structure. Natural frequencies and the vibration modes of the structure are calculated by finite element method and the results are ascertained both by accelerometers and holography. It was found that the latter was more effective for accurate measurements of vibration modes and phase than the former. Some results obtained by the application of holography to a real engine structure as a means to make its vibration characteristics clear are also mentioned.
Efficient and secure split manufacturing via obfuscated built-in self-authentication

The threats of reverse-engineering, IP piracy, and hardware Trojan insertion in the semiconductor supply chain are greater today than ever before. Split manufacturing has emerged as a viable approach to protect integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated in untrusted foundries, but has high cost and/or high performance overhead. Furthermore, split manufacturing cannot fully prevent untargeted hardware Trojan insertions. In this paper, we propose to insert additional functional circuitry called obfuscated built-in self-authentication (OBISA) in the chip layout with split manufacturing process, in order to prevent reverse-engineering and further prevent hardware Trojan insertion. Self-tests are performed to authenticate the trustworthiness of the OBISA circuitry. The OBISA circuit is connected to original design in order to increase the strength of obfuscation, thereby allowing a higher layer split and lower overall cost. Additional fan-outs are created in OBISA circuitry to improve obfuscation without losing testability. Our proposed gating mechanism and net selection method can ensure negligible overhead in terms of area, timing, and dynamic power. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in several benchmark circuits.
Pressure induced structural transformation in Gd2Ti2O7 and Gd2Zr2O7

Ab initio total energy calculations have been performed to study the phase stability of Gd2Ti2O7 and Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlores over the pressure range from 0 to 60 GPa. Both compounds are unstable under pressure, and phase transformations to the defect-cotunnite structure are predicted. The phase transformation pressure of 43.6 GPa for Gd2Ti2O7 is considerably larger than the value of 13 GPa for Gd2Zr2O7, in good agreement with experiments. The decreased structural stability of Gd2Zr2O7 under pressure, relative to Gd2Ti2O7, is a consequence of the lower compressibility of the Zr–O bond and the higher compressibility of the Gd–O bond. In addition, the Gd 4f electrons are found to have only a small effect in determining the pressure induced phase transformation.
The therapy of amblyopia: an analysis of the results of amblyopia therapy utilizing the pooled data of published studies.

CONTEXT: Although the treatment of amblyopia with occlusion has changed little over the past 3 centuries, there is little agreement about which regimes are most effective and for what reasons. OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of occlusion therapy in patients with anisometropic, strabismic, and strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia employing the raw data from 961 patients reported in 23 studies published between 1965 and 1994. DESIGN: Analysis of the published literature on amblyopia therapy results during the above interval, utilizing primary data obtained from the authors of these articles or tables published in the articles detailing individual patient outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: 961 amblyopic patients, participants in 23 studies, undergoing patching therapy for amblyopia from 1965 to 1994 with anisometropia, strabismus, or anisometropia-strabismus. MAIN OUTCOMES: In the pooled data set, success of occlusion therapy was defined as visual acuity of 20/40 at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Success by the 20/40 criteria was achieved in 512 of 689 (74.3%) patients. By category, 312 of 402 (77.6%) were successful in strabismic amblyopia, 44 of 75 (58.7%) in strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia, and 72 of 108 (66.7%) in anisometropic amblyopia. Success was not related to the duration of occlusion therapy, type of occlusion used, accompanying refractive error, patient's sex, or eye. Univariate analyses showed that success was related to the age at which therapy was initiated; the type of amblyopia; the depth of visual loss before treatment for the anisometropic patients and the strabismic patients, but not for the anisometropic-strabismic patients; and the difference in spherical equivalents between eyes, for the anisometropic patients. Logistic/linear regression revealed that 3 were independent predictors of a successful outcome of amblyopia therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that appear most closely related to a successful outcome are age, type of amblyopia, and depth of visual loss before treatment. These may be related to factors, as yet undetermined in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. With present emphasis on the value of screening and prevention and the development of new screening tools, such a look at the results of amblyopia therapy in a large population seems indicated.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mechanisms for Animal Cell Division

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses some of the earlier findings and discusses in detail some of the more recent developments on epidermal growth factor (EFG) receptors. Specific and high-affinity receptors for EGF are present in a wide variety of cells including those of nonepidermal origin. The EGF receptor was first identified using a chemical cross-linking technique. Clustering, internalization, and degradation of EGF-receptor complexes are discussed. EGF binding to dispersed receptors on the cell surface leads to receptor clustering and endocytosis. The chapter discusses protein kinase domain of the EGF receptor and its relationship to the oncogene product pp60src. It also describes antibodies directed against the EGF receptors. The antibodies, of IgM type, are capable of inhibiting 125I-labeled EGF binding to both human and murine EGF receptors. A “down-regulation” phenomenon, quite similar to other receptor-macromolecule interactions such as antigenic modulation, is observed with the EGF-receptor system. Somatic cell genetic techniques were used for studies on chromosomal location of the EGF-receptor structural gene. Polyethyleneglycol-mediated membrane fusion techniques are used for putting foreign receptors into recipient cells, and for combining components from two different types of cells for studies on coupling between hormone receptor complexes and adenyl cyclase. An interesting property of the EGF receptor is its ability to bind to certain transforming polypeptides that are produced by tumor cells and sarcomas. It has been suggested that the EGF-like polypeptides (hTGF, and sarcoma growth factor) may be produced during tumorigenesis by reactivation of genes which are expressed only during development of the embryo.
Speculative subword register allocation in embedded processors

Multimedia and network processing applications make extensive use of subword data. Since registers are capable of holding a full data word, when a subword variable is assigned a register only part of the register is used. We propose an instruction set extension to the ARM embedded processor which allows two data items to reside in a register as long as each of them can be stored in 16 bits. The instructions are used by the register allocator to speculatively move the value of an otherwise spilled variable into a register which has already been assigned to another variable. The move is speculative because it only succeeds if the two values (value already present in the register and the value being moved into the register) can be simultaneously held in the register using 16 bits each. When this value is reloaded for further use, an attempt is first made to retrieve the value from its speculatively assigned register. If this attempt succeeds, load from memory is avoided. On an average our technique avoids 47% of dynamic reloads caused by spills.
Melting and freezing of p-toluidine

Abstract Studies have been made of the melting and freezing of near-perfect platelets of p -toluidine. It has been shown that a perfect face of a p -toluidine platelet can be heated appreciably above its melting point in contact with its own melt without detectably melting. It is implied that the free-energy curve of a solid phase does not have an abrupt discontinuity at the melting point as would be required by the L indemann concept of melting.
Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions in He-nucleus interactions at ultrarelativistic energy

From the peripheral collisions of a 32S beam at 200A GeV in nuclear emulsion, He tracks among the projectile fragments are identified and are followed for their interactions. The multiplicity distributions and their fluctuations in pseudorapidity intervals of the shower particles produced with ~500 He interactions in emulsions are compared with 32S and 16O beams at 200A GeV and 16O at 60A GeV interactions. It is primarily the geometry of the nuclear collisions that determines the shape of different distributions.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Site Search Problems

The goal of solving a site search problem is to allocate a contiguous set of land parcels such that the total land acquisition cost, or other objectives, are optimized. This article describes the design and implementation of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) that can be used to solve site search problems. In this article, a graph representation is used to define the spatial structure of solutions to the problem. By using this representation, the contiguity of a site is maintained during the initialization, mutation, and local search operations of the EA. The effectiveness of the EA in finding optimal or near-optimal solutions is demonstrated by testing it on a series of problems whose optimal solutions are known.
The Influence of Perceptions of Fairness on Performance Appraisal Reactions

The success of appraisal systems may well depend on ratees’ perceptions of fairness and reactions to important aspects of the appraisal process. My primary purpose is to integrate the literatures on fairness perceptions and appraisal reactions to test specific, heretofore untested, hypotheses. Consistent with predictions of Sweeney and McFarlin’s (Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 55:23–40, 1993) two-factor model, results of structural equation modeling indicated that distributive justice influenced satisfaction with performance ratings and procedural justice influenced satisfaction with the appraisal system. Results indicated mixed support for Bies and Moag’s (Lewicki, Blair, Bazerman (eds) Research on Negotiation in Organization, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 43–55, 1986) agent-system model as procedural justice (and distributive justice) had more influence on satisfaction with appraisal feedback than components of interactional justice perceptions. The implications of my results are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
Amebic Brain Abscess and Meningoencephalis

Infections caused by the free-living amebae remind us of the fine line that divides environmental and pathogenic microorganisms, and the number and complexity of the threats our natural defenses must cope with routinely. The comparative rarity of amebic brain infections, and their devastating consequences, demand utmost vigilance from the clinician. Although in many cases nothing can be done to save the lives of persons with these maladies, early diagnosis and prompt therapy can be effective in some cases. Much remains to be discovered about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and effective therapy of amebic CNS infections.
Biodegradation of tar-sand bitumens from the Ardmore and Anadarko Basins, Carter County, Oklahoma

Abstract A series of tar-sand bitumens collected from a single shallow well in the Ardmore Basin, Carter County, Oklahoma has been characterized by various geochemical techniques. Particular emphasis has been placed on determination of variations in biomarker distributions, both hydrocarbons and porphyrins, as a function of biodegradation. The tar-sand bitumens have been severely biodegraded and most of the n-alkanes, low molecular weight cycloalkanes, isoprenoid alkanes, C27C29 steranes, light aromatics and sulfur compounds have been removed. In addition, the hopane distributions have been altered to differing degress with the pseudohomolugoues above C30decreasing in concentration prior to the C20–21 The triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons were also altered with preferential removal of 20R epimers (C20–21 and C27–28). Diasterane and C30-sterane distributions appear to be relatively unaffected by biodegradation. The high resistance of tricyclic terpanes, The C24-tetracyclic terpane and monoaromatic steroid hydrocarbons to biodegradation indicate that the distributions of these compounds are well suited to serve as correlation parameters in heavily altered samples. It was also observed in this study that the main ring structure of the porphyrin molecule was not affected by these very high levels of biodegradation. Previously hypothesized changes in porphyrin structure, due to biodegradation, have included n-alkyl side chain cleavage and possible conversion from DPEP- to ETIO-type porphyrins. An investigation has also been made with an active seep collected from Sulphur in the Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma and the results show that the relative rate of biodegradation of various classes of biomarkers differs between these two locations, although it was proposed that the original oil responsible for these two seeps is derived from the same source rock formation.
Quantitative determination of hemoglobin and cytochemical staining for peroxidase using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride, a safe substitute for benzidine

Abstract The quantitative determination of hemoglobin employing 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride (TMB-d) is described. This agent can also be used for staining myeloperoxidase-containing granules in granulocytes. TMB-d is at least as sensitive a reagent as benzidine but, unlike benzidine and diaminobenzidine, it is not a carcinogen.
COMPARISON OF LEARNING AND RETENTION OF ALL-DIGIT TELEPHONE NUMBERS TO PREFIXED AND MNEMONIC CODED NUMBERS

Summary.-90 Ss were assigned to three groups and tested for their ability to learn and retain in any order three types of telephone numbers: all-digit, prefixed, and mnemonic code. Data showed that the mnemonic coded telephone numbers were learned and retained the best; the prefixed numbers, less so; the all-digit, the least. This study was in part a replication of an experiment by Jung (1963), in which he compared learning of all-digit and prefixed telephone numbers. In addition, he examined the usefulness of mnemonics as an aid to learning telephone numbers. Jung concluded that all-digit numbers were the most difficult to learn, prefixed were easier, and mnemonic-device numbers showed superiority over both types. Miller (1956) has shown that when encoding is used material that is difficult to learn will become easier to learn and retain. In an experiment by Lachman (1968), in which he compared learning of telephone numbers consisting of all-digit and prefixed exchanges, the prefixed syscem, with a letter exchange, was more efficacious than the all-digit sysrem, with more material being learned with the letter-exchange type. In a later experiment Lachman (1971) made improvements in methodology and found that the letter-exchange group was more efficient than the all-digit group. In addition, over the 20 trials, the prefixed system was superior to the all-digit system at each point in the learning sequence. However, Lachman did find that, while the prefixed group displayed a higher level of performance, the rate of improvement declined, and in later trials the rate of improvement was greater for the all-digit group. The initial work in this area was by Karlin (1958) at the Bell Laboratories. He found that all-numeral dialing was about 10% faster and also slightly more accurate than the letter-numeral dialing. In addition, the remembering of a new telephone number was better when the number was made up of all-digits rather than letters, and the error rate was about the same or slightly lower than the letter-numeral dialing. Now that all-digit dialing has been in effect for a considerable amount of time, the present experiment compared the learning and retention of all-digit telephone numbers to prefixed and mnemonic coded numbers.
Evidence-based practice in the utilization of knee radiographs--a survey of all members of the British Orthopaedic Association.

There has been a debate amongst orthopaedic surgeons about which plain radiographs are required in common knee conditions and this is a 5-year review assessing the influence of recent publications on the use of radiographs. A postal survey of all members of the British Orthopaedic Association was performed. The response rate was 60% (990/1,650). There was a broad agreement on the use of anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The use of the posteroanterior (PA) weight-bearing radiograph has increased from 82 to 86%. The use of skyline view for suspected arthritis and after knee replacement has increased from 23 to 41%. There is still disparity amongst orthopaedic surgeons regarding the knee flexion angle for skyline and weight-bearing views. After review of the literature we recommend that a single skyline view in 30° flexion is adequate and should be a standard investigation in knee disorders. We also stress the importance of weight-bearing PA radiograph in 30° knee flexion for adequate assessment in all patients with suspected arthritis.
Winding factor calculation for analysis of back EMF waveform in air-core permanent magnet linear synchronous motors

This study presents an analytical method for winding factor calculation and back electromotive force (EMF) prediction in air-core permanent magnet linear synchronous motors. In the proposed method, the voltage on each coil of a phase winding is calculated by adding the voltage induced in individual conductors considering a phase shift proportional to the conductor diameter. The proposed method can be used to find back EMF waveform of air-core linear motors with any winding configuration in terms of dimensional specifications of magnet track and winding assembly. Once the back EMF equation is obtained, it can be used to predict the thrust of the motor.The results of the proposed analytical model are compared with finite element analysis results for three different motors to verify the validity of the proposed modelling method. In order to investigate the effect of simplifying assumptions in model derivation, experimental back EMF result on a three-phase eight-pole motor is presented and compared with the proposed analytical model.
Some results on the complexity of families of sets

Abstract Let P be a property of graphs on a fixed n-element vertex set V. The complexity c( P ) is the minimal number of edges whose existence in a previously unknown graph H has to be tested such that it becomes possible to decide whether H has property P or not. We investigate properties (in the broader sense of families of sets) whose complexity is much less than the maximum (which is n 2 for graph properties). It is well known that such properties must be representable as a disjoint union of long intervals (in the boolean lattice of graphs on V). We show that, if the number of intervals is not too large, the converse is true as well. We also show that there are graph properties whose complexities differ by at most 4n from any given number between 2n − 4 and n 2 . Finally, we give estimates on the complexity of the scorpion graph property.
Gestational and early postnatal dietary NaCl levels affect NaCl intake, but not stimulated water intake, by adult rats.

We examined body fluid regulation by weanling (21–25 days) and adult (>60 days) male rats that were offspring of dams fed chow containing either 0.1, 1, or 3% NaCl throughout gestation and lactatio...
Interactive tools for conceptual programming using APL-graphics: The integral and derivative operators

Abstract The notion of conceptual programming is defined by way of illustrations in the context of interactive problem solving. The numerical implementations of a DERIVATIVE and an INTEGRAL operators are discussed. These operators have been integrated, together with some basic graphical operators, into the APL system in a manner consistent with the syntax of the host language, providing extremely powerful tools for interactive problem solving. The performance of the system as well as some error analysis are demonstrated.
Effects of acute pesticide poisoning on blood clotting in the rat.

Abstract Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1ml of diazinon or malathion, 1750 ppm given orally by gavage. Clotting determinations included the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and coagulation factors II, V, VII, and X, plus the hematocrit and platelet count. The results suggest that insecticides influence the clotting times of rats ingesting these insecticides even after as short a time span as 2 hr.
Safety and tolerability of inhaled hypertonic saline in young children with cystic fibrosis

Background Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) improves lung function and decreases pulmonary exacerbations in older patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Initiating therapies in young patients has potential to preserve lung function. Before conducting a therapeutic trial of HS in this population, its safety must be evaluated and protocols for monitoring response must be tested. Methods We administered single dose 3% and 7% HS post-albuterol to 4-7 year-olds with CF able to perform spirometry ("preschool" group) and 4 month to 3 year-olds ("infant" group) using the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique (RVRTC). Vital signs and cough episodes were measured after each inhaled treatment. Results Eight preschool subjects (mean age 5.7 +/- 0.8 years) and 6 infants (1.6 +/- 1.0 years) completed the 3% HS protocol, and no clinically important change in vital signs or decrease in FVC, FEV(1), FEV(0.5), or FEF(25-75) occurred post-HS. Preschoolers had more cough episodes post-HS (P = 0.01). Seven preschoolers (6.1 +/- 0.7 years) and 8 infants (1.6 +/- 0.7 years) completed the 7% HS protocol. In the preschool group, FVC, FEV(0.5), and FEF(25-75) did not change significantly. A statistically significant drop in median FEV(1) occurred post-7% HS attributable to a transient >20% drop in one subject. Infant PFT parameters were unchanged post-7% HS. Preschoolers had more cough episodes post-HS (P = 0.03). Conclusion Acute administration of 3% and 7% HS appears to be safe and well-tolerated in most young children with CF. Given the demonstrated benefits in older patients, a therapeutic trial in this age group is warranted.
The interrupted static fatigue test for evaluating threshold stress intensity factor in ceramic materials: a numerical analysis

Abstract The interrupted static fatigue (ISF) test can be used to evaluate the threshold for sub-critical crack growth, K th . A critical theoretical analysis of this technique is presented in order to elucidate its advantages and limitations and to furnish some suggestions for a more definitive procedure for evaluating K th . It was concluded that a critical parameter in the ISF procedure is the duration of the static hold time. In particular, one should demonstrate that the calculated value of K th does not change when this holding time is increased. Moreover, the applied stress must be chosen such that a significant fraction of samples fail in the hold period. Two different approaches are suggested for calculating the value of K th from experimental data. The first approach is considered preferable for materials with larger Weibull moduli and the threshold is determined from the applied stress intensity factor at which 50% of samples fails during the stress hold. In the second approach, the stress intensity factor applied to the weakest specimen during the stress hold is calculated for various hold times. Once this value becomes independent of hold time, it is equivalent to the threshold.