cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use Of Computerized Tomographic (CT) Scans For 3-D Display And Prosthesis Construction

The construction of preformed cranial prostheses for large cranial bony defects is both error prone and time consuming. We discuss a method used for the creation of cranial prostheses from automatically extracted bone contours taken from Computerized Tomographic (CT) scans. Previous methods of prosthesis construction have relied on the making of a mold directly from the region of cranial defect. The use of image processing, bone contour extraction, and three-dimensional display allowed us to create a better fitting prosthesis while reducing patient surgery time. This procedure involves direct bone margin extraction from the digital CT images followed by head model construction from serial plots of the bone margin. Three-dimensional data display is used to verify the integrity of the skull data set prior to model construction. Once created, the model is used to fabricate a custom fitting prosthesis which is then surgically implanted. This procedure is being used with patients in the Maxillofacial Prosthetic Clinic at UCLA and this paper details the technique.
Submillimeter wave spectrum of sulfuric acid, H2SO4

Abstract The submillimeter spectrum of H 2 SO 4 has been measured in selected regions up to 655.6 GHz. The new measurements have been combined with available literature rotational data in a merged fit. This has resulted in an improved and extended set of rotational and centrifugal constants which accurately describe the spectrum well into the submillimeter region.
Mothers' Acculturation and Beliefs about Emotions, Mother-Child Emotion Discourse, and Children's Emotion Understanding in Latino Families.

Research Findings: We examined associations among Anglo acculturation, Latino enculturation, maternal beliefs, mother–child emotion talk, and emotion understanding in 40 Latino preschool-age children and their mothers. Mothers self-reported Anglo acculturation, Latino enculturation, and beliefs about the value/danger of children's emotions and parent/child roles in emotion socialization. Mother–child emotion talk was observed during a Lego storytelling task. Children's emotion understanding was measured using 2 age-appropriate tasks. Correlations showed that mothers' Latino enculturation was associated with mothers' stronger belief in guiding children's emotions and children's lower emotion understanding. Anglo acculturation was associated with mothers' lower belief that emotions can be dangerous and children's better emotion understanding. Mothers with a stronger belief in guiding children's emotions more frequently labeled emotions. Mothers with a stronger belief that emotions can be dangerous less freq...
Translated and sequestered untranslated message sequences in Drosophila oocytes and embryos.

Abstract Poly(A)-containing RNA sequences on polysomes were compared to poly(A)-containing sequences in sequestered nonpolysomal particles by cDNA hybridization. The results reported here show that the two fractions contain substantially the same sequences.
Complications Associated with the Use of Urokinase and Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Catheter-directed Peripheral Arterial and Venous Thrombolysis

PURPOSE Catheter-directed thrombolytic dissolution of peripheral arterial and venous thrombus is in widespread use, yet the frequency and nature of associated complications remain ill defined. In an effort to better characterize the complications associated with urokinase (UK) and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), the clinical course of patients treated for lower extremity vascular occlusions at a single institution was reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a 9-year period, 653 consecutive patients were treated for lower extremity arterial (527 patients) or venous (126 patients) occlusions with catheter-directed UK (483 patients), rt-PA (144 patients), or both (26 patients). Decisions regarding the choice of thrombolytic agent were made by the clinician. In-hospital complications were subcategorized into hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic events and the rate of intracranial hemorrhage was specifically tabulated. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the demographics or clinical presentation of patients treated with either UK or rt-PA. Bleeding complications occurred less often in the patients treated with UK (insertion site hematoma 21.9% vs 43.8%, P P = .004, and intracranial hemorrhage 0.6% vs 2.8%, P = .031). Cardiopulmonary complications necessitating transfer to the intensive care unit occurred more frequently in the patients treated with rt-PA (4.9% vs 1.5%, P = .015). The risk of mortality was not statistically different between the UK and rt-PA treated patients (2.7% vs 6.2%, P = .221). CONCLUSIONS Thrombolysis appears safer with UK than with rt-PA, with a lower incidence of hemorrhagic complications. It is possible that this finding is related to differential dosing regimens or intrinsic pharmacologic differences between the agents. The observations of this retrospective analysis require confirmation with a prospective, randomized evaluation.
Structural Separation to Create Competition? The Case of Freight Railways

The freight railways sector has three attributes that have proved problematic for recent experiments with vertical separation: a) a relatively high share of network costs in total delivered service costs, b) an apparent persistence of economies of scale at the “competitive” train operations level, and, perhaps most important, c) strong economies of vertical integration that are focused on the interface point of wheel and rail – that is, exactly where vertical separation takes place. The third factor in particular seems a clear illustration of the rationales discussed by Coase and Williamson for the broad vertical scope of a single firm and the disadvantages of relying on market transactions under certain conditions.
Field and frequency dependence of charge-density-wave conduction in Nb Se 3

Frequency ($\ensuremath{\omega}$) - and field ($E$)-dependent conductivity ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) measurements are reported in both charge-density-wave (CDW) states of the linear-chain compound Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. There is a direct scaling between the observed $E$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ dependence for parameters corresponding to $Eg2{E}_{T}$, where ${E}_{T}$ is the threshold field for the onset of nonlinear conductivity. The functional form of $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$ is in agreement with a tunneling model. In contrast to the threshold field, there is no threshold frequency for the onset of frequency-dependent conductivity. This is accounted for by a contribution to $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ from the excitation of oscillations of the pinned CDW at low frequencies. Experiments involving the combined application of dc and ac fields $V={V}_{0}+{V}_{1}cos\ensuremath{\omega}t$ do not show evidence for photon-assisted tunneling, and only the classical limits of the tunneling formalism are observed. We discuss these observations and suggest reasons for the absence of quantum effects when both ac and dc fields are present. Various models of CDW transport are compared.
The Structure and Function of the Rh antigen Complex

The Rh system is one of the most important and complex blood group systems because of the large number of antigens and the serious complications for the fetus of a woman sensitized by transfusion or pregnancy. Major advances in our understanding of the Rh system have occurred with the cloning of the genes and with functional evidence that the Rh blood group proteins belong to an ancient family of membrane proteins involved in ammonia transport. The arrangement and configuration of the genes at the RH locus promotes genetic exchange, generating new antigens. Importantly, RH genetic testing can now be applied to clinical transfusion medicine and prenatal practice. This includes testing for RHD zygosity, confirmation or resolution of D antigen status, and detection of altered RHD and RHCE genes in individuals at risk for producing antibodies to high-incidence Rh antigens, particularly sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. The Rh proteins form a core complex that is critical to the structure of the erythrocyte membrane, and they may play a physiologic role in the sequestration of blood ammonia. The Rh family of proteins now includes non-erythroid homologs present in many other tissues, and comparative genomics reveal Rh homologs in all domains of life.
Racial attitudes or racial ideology? An alternative paradigm for examining actors' racial views

Most analysts of racism in the United States rely on surveys to make sense of actors' racial views and are oriented by methodological individualism. In contrast, a minority of scholars study actors...
Chemoreception Regulates Chemical Access to Mouse Vomeronasal Organ: Role of Solitary Chemosensory Cells

Controlling stimulus access to sensory organs allows animals to optimize sensory reception and prevent damage. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects pheromones and other semiochemicals to regulate innate social and sexual behaviors. This semiochemical detection generally requires the VNO to draw in chemical fluids, such as bodily secretions, which are complex in composition and can be contaminated. Little is known about whether and how chemical constituents are monitored to regulate the fluid access to the VNO. Using transgenic mice and immunolabeling, we found that solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) reside densely at the entrance duct of the VNO. In this region, most of the intraepithelial trigeminal fibers innervate the SCCs, indicating that SCCs relay sensory information onto the trigeminal fibers. These SCCs express transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5) and the phospholipase C (PLC) β2 signaling pathway. Additionally, the SCCs express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) for synthesizing and packaging acetylcholine, a potential transmitter. In intracellular Ca2+ imaging, the SCCs responded to various chemical stimuli including high concentrations of odorants and bitter compounds. The responses were suppressed significantly by a PLC inhibitor, suggesting involvement of the PLC pathway. Further, we developed a quantitative dye assay to show that the amount of stimulus fluid that entered the VNOs of behaving mice is inversely correlated to the concentration of odorous and bitter substances in the fluid. Genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition of TRPM5 resulted in larger amounts of bitter compounds entering the VNOs. Our data uncovered that chemoreception of fluid constituents regulates chemical access to the VNO and plays an important role in limiting the access of non-specific irritating and harmful substances. Our results also provide new insight into the emerging role of SCCs in chemoreception and regulation of physiological actions.
Pelvic organ prolapse: don't forget developing countries

Although pelvic organ prolapse is a significant problem in affluent countries the situation in developing countries is far worse. This is mainly a result of high fertility with early marriage and childbearing many vaginal deliveries and in certain countries such as Nepal frequent heavy lifting. In Nepal fertility until recently was very high and most deliveries take place at home with only 14% in a health facility and less than 3% by caesarean section. In developing countries the extent and effects of morbidity associated with pelvic organ prolapse are seldom acknowledged because of patients embarrassment. However studies in Nepal supported by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have begun to identify the suffering of women with this disorder. Findings indicate that 10% of women have pelvic organ prolapse of whom about half require operative management (30.9% with stage II 12.6% with stage III and 1.4% with stage IV or procidentia). Women report difficulty in sitting (82%) walking (79%) and lifting (89%) all of which affect their acceptance as full family and community members. The social consequences of prolapse are substantial and include physical and emotional isolation abandonment divorce ridicule low self esteem abuse lack of economic support and domestic violence. In Nepal UNFPA is supporting efforts to identify women with pelvic organ prolapse through reproductive health camps and to contract gynecologists to treat these women at district hospitals. We suggest that more attention should be given to acknowledging the profound consequences of uterine organ prolapse and establishing programmes in developing countries to prevent and manage this frequently severely debilitating condition. (full text)
Safety and efficacy of the Alexandrite laser for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi.

Abstract Objectives. To assess the safety and efficacy of the Alexandrite laser for intracorporeal lithotripsy of renal and ureteral stones in conjunction with ureterorenoscopy or percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 137 patients with 169 calculi in 143 renoureteral units who were treated with the Alexandrite laser via a retrograde (91.5%) or antegrade (8.5%) endoscopic approach. Results. Adequate intraoperative fragmentation of the stone was observed in 88.8% of the cases. No intraoperative complications were attributable to the laser. At a mean follow-up of 34 days, the overall stone-free rate was 74.4%. The stone-free rate for ureteral stones (n = 115) was 80%, whereas the stone-free rate for renal stones (n = 22) was only 44%. In the best subgroup of ureteral stones (10 mm or less in the distal ureter), the stone-free rate was 97.4%. Conclusions. The Alexandrite laser is a safe modality for intracorporeal lithotripsy and is highly effective for ureteral stones less than 10 mm in size.
A comparison of retinal fundus cameras. Users survey results.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the different models of fundus cameras available on the current market. Included is a users survey for which 775 questionnaires were sent to ophthalmic photographers for evaluation of their equipment. A total of 394 questionnaires were returned. Possible bias in the users survey was decreased by excluding eight of the returned questionnaires that indicated proprietary interests. Thirty-two photographers reported that they used two or more camera systems. The survey results do not include all of the cameras that are currently available; only the camera models for which evaluations were returned. Some of the returned questionnaires listed cost as one of the best or worst features of a particular system. However, this survey reflects only the technical data supplied by the users, as cost may not reflect the quality of a system. The authors have taken into consideration the fact that the manufacturers of fundus cameras are continuously striving to update their products and realize that upon publication of this article newer models may be available. The authors wish to note that neither has any proprietary interest in the development or marketing of any fundus camera system and to be as objective as possible, they did not contribute to the technical data.
Neuromyelitis optica in patients with coexisting human immunodeficiency virus infections

Two patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and receiving antiretroviral treatment developed neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s disease). One patient tested positive for serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies. Both patients were treated with high dose pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone followed by standard sessions of plasma exchange both at the onset attack and during disease relapses. For maintenance therapy, one patient received rituximab infusions and the second patient received mycophenolate mofetil orally. Despite treatment, both patients are currently wheelchair-bound due to severe paraparesis. Neuromyelitis optica can occur in the course of HIV infection and poses an ongoing therapeutic challenge.
Herbivory and intraspecific competition in a stream caddisfly population

Field experiments were conducted to assess the effects of different population densities of the herbivorous caddisfly Helicopsyche borealis on periphyton biomass and on its own growth rate in Big Sulphur Creek, a third-order stream in northern California, USA. Stream enclosures were used to vary grazer density from one-eighth to twice natural density (1/8X–2X) in two experiments (35 d and 60 d), which spanned the period of most rapid larval growth. Periphyton biomass and chlorophyll a were inversely related to grazer density. Grazer densities of 1/8X–1/2X moderately reduced periphyton when compared to an ungrazed control, whereas densities of 1X–2X greatly depleted periphyton. The growth rate of H. borealis larvae declined with increasing larval density. Growth rate was highest at densities of 1/8X–1/2X; larvae grew more slowly at 1X and showed no growth at 2X. Weekly supplementation of periphyton to 1/4X, 1X, and 2X densities significantly increased the final body mass of larvae at 1X and 2X (by 26% and 50%, respectively, compared to unsupplemented larvae) but did not change the body mass of larvae at 1/4X. These results suggest that periphyton is a limiting resource in Big Sulphur Creek and that H. borealis larvae compete exploitatively for that resource. Intraspecific competition may be an important, but often overlooked, feature of many herbivore populations in streams.
The binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to rabbit thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein.

Abstract The reaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with a salt-soluble, compact type of rabbit thymus deoxyribonucleoprotein has been investigated. Although this deoxyribonucleoprotein has negligible template activity compared to protein-free DNA, the enzyme will bind to the deoxyribonucleoprotein in the absence of Mg 2+ and nucleoside triphosphates. The binding is reversed by 0.4 M KCl. High salt will also dissociate the complex formed in the presence of Mg 2+ and nucleoside triphosphates showing that an initiation complex is not formed. Evidence is presented to indicate that the polymerase is bound to a low-molecular-weight fraction of the deoxyribonucleoprotein by a specific rather than a random attachment.
Anisotropic structures in water double layers

Abstract Results of molecular dynamics simulation indicate the formation of anisotropic liquid crystal structures in a model of the water double layer.
Modeling speed restrictions to mitigate lethal collisions between ships and whales in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, USA

Abstract Collision with ships is a significant cause of mortality among endangered whales. Collision lethality increases with vessel speed and mitigation includes slowing ships in whale dense areas. The 2181 km2 Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) is a site of numerous whale/ship collisions. To understand how speed reduction measures reduce lethal collisions, we used GIS to apply hypothetical speed reductions to observed ship traffic within SBNMS. During 2006, we collected complete AIS data from SBNMS vessel traffic. We created 1.85 km2 (N = 810) grid cells covering SBNMS and determined each cell’s predicted probability of lethality (PLETH) from the cell’s mean speed and a mortality curve. We calculated average PLETH for the entire sanctuary (SPLETH), and used SPLETH to index status quo risk. We applied speed limits of 16, 14, 12, and 10 knots on transits and recalculated SPLETH for each scenario. Our analysis included 2,079,867 AIS points to derive 74,638 cell transits by 502 ships (>295 t). Sanctuary mean ship speed, by cell transit, was 13.5 knots (SD4.3, range 0.1–42.2). The choice of speed restriction had a major impact on SPLETH: 16 knots = −3.7%, 14 knots = −11%, 12 knots = −29.4%, 10 knots = −56.7%. The conservation benefit of speed restrictions is influenced by the status quo speed of ships from which risk must be reduced. As most areas lack such data our results can provide managers with a better understanding of how speed restrictions might reduce risk in their waters.
Response factors in delay discounting: evidence for Pavlovian influences on delay discounting in pigeons.

Abstract Pigeons completed a delay-discounting task where in different conditions the required response was either key pecking or treadle pressing. Because of stimulus–reinforcer relations that are known to form between localized visual cues and the delivery of food (e.g., autoshaping), we predicted that there would be steeper rates of discounting with key pecking than treadle pressing. To account for possible effort differences between key pecking and treadle pressing, pigeons also completed a discounting task where multiple key pecks were required to gain access to the food. The rates of discounting for the key peck and effort-equivalence discounting procedures were similar, and both were steeper than the rate of discounting for the treadle-pressing procedure. While it is tacitly assumed that behavior in choice situations is largely under the control of operant contingencies, the present results suggest that when developing animal analogs to study discounting in a discrete-trial choice procedure, the stimulus–reinforcer relations (Pavlovian conditioning) may need to be taken into consideration.
Common Mammary Pathogens and Factors in Infection and Mastitis

Inflammation of the mammary gland, commonly known as mastitis, is considered a complex disease in view of its complexities of etiology, pathogenesis, sequela, therapy, and related aspects. The disease of most concern is the one produced by pathogenic microorganisms. However, as a prerequisite the pathogen must not only enter the mammary gland but also be able to survive and multiply in numbers sufficient to produce pathogenic effects. The normal bovine mammary gland is protected from such attacks by several anatomic and biologic armamenta which must be overcome by the invading pathogens. Organisms involved in causation of mastitis vary in their habitat, virulence, and susceptibility to host barriers. Similarly cows vary in their resistance to microbial entry into the mammary gland and subsequent response to overcome the infection. Only a few organisms, however, need to survive in the milieu of the mammary gland to produce mastitis. This paper is a general discussion of these aspects concerning bovine mastitis in relation to common mammary pathogens.
The decline of teacher power in the classroom

Several months ago I talked at length about my approach to teaching with a student in my Social Foundations of Education class. The student registered an indirect complaint about the way I organized my class. To her the main problem was that students are not allowed to express themselves because teachers are too structured and arbitrary in the demands they place on students. She argued for a free and open classroom, one that would allow students to choose subjects that actually mean something to them and, thus, control their own education. From my side, I argued that teachers have the legitimate right, if not the obligation, to choose both what materials students should study and how to present these studies. Teachers select certain materials on the basis of their greater knowledge of a particular subject area and present these materials in the manner they think most effective based on their teaching experience. From her side came the calls for freedom, relevance, and student selfdetermination with teachers facilitating the educational process rather than directing it: By forcing students to read certain articles of no interest to them and structuring discussions around certain unimportant topics, teachers impose their values and opinions on students. This discussion, as with similar ones in the past, produced no special insights or understanding of the problems of classroom life. The calls for change from my student rest on a series of our most highly prized cliches. Although her words were certainly emotionally powerful, as analytical tools they were not useful. While I tried to avoid the trap of dealing in cliches, I had to admit that my arguments for teacher authority rested on an incomplete understanding of classroom interaction and of the nature and consequences of the changes she advocated. Upon reflection, the fact that the discussion led to no special insights should not surprise. Many discussions occurring among professional educators and educational critics are equally unproductive. A significant part of our thinking is dominated-and hence restricted-by the types of cliches used by my student. Apparently, we desire overwhelmingly to focus our discussions on words like "needs," "wants," "irrelevance," and "freedom," with only the vaguest understanding of what they mean. Additionally, our urgent desire to reform has led us to develop new programs whose implications remain equally as vague in terms of their effect on classroom life. We generally know little about classroom interaction and, as such, encounter difficulty in analyzing the implications of various criticisms people offer and the reforms they advocate.
Structuring public utility functions

Public von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions are constructed using assumptions about individual and subgroup sovereignty and equality of individuals. These public utility functions require knowledge of one value parameter about equity and the average of individual utility functions. The latter can be obtained by sampling.
The development of insulin resistance with high fat feeding in rats does not involve either decreased insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity or membrane glycoprotein PC-1.

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, membrane glycoprotein PC-1, may play a role in certain insulin resistant states. In the present study, we examined whether either insulin receptor function or PC-1 activity was altered during the development of insulin resistance that occurs with high fat feeding in normal rats. Over the course of 14 days of high fat feeding, both maximal and submaximal (physiological) insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake decreased gradually; after 14 days of high fat feeding, submaximal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake decreased by ∼40 and ∼50%, respectively. In contrast, in the same muscles (tibialis anterior) of these animals, neither insulin receptor content nor insulin-stimulated insulin receptor autophosphorylation was altered after 14 days of high fat feeding. PC-1 has both nucleotide pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.9) and alkaline phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1) enzyme activities. These enzyme activities showed no changes during the course of 14 days of high fat feeding. Individual data revealed that there was no significant correlation between insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and alkaline phosphodiesterase or nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity ( P > 0.05). Together, these data indicate that neither defects in insulin receptor function nor elevated PC-1 activities are involved in the development of insulin resistance in rats with high fat feeding, and the insulin resistance induced with high fat feeding is likely due to postreceptor defects in skeletal muscle.
Electric Field Gradient Calculations in Transition-Metal Sesquioxides

We present computations of the electric field gradient at the cation sites in the Cr, Fe, Ti, and V sesquioxides isomorphous to corundum. We include dipolar as well as monopolar contributions. Except for $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ we find that the dipolar and the monopolar field-gradient contributions are opposite in sign and roughly of the same order of magnitude. In so far as existing data permit, we have used these tabulations to determine the electric nuclear quadrupole moment ($Q$) of the odd isotopes. The $Q$ values found here seem to be somewhat larger than the results of others. In the cases of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{53}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}^{51}$ existing data are such that only $|Q|$ can be determined. Our calculation for ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ has been given previously. In $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ the dipolar field-gradient term has the same sense as the monopolar, and is comparatively small. We find $Q({\mathrm{Fe}}^{57m})$ to be 0.41 b. A recent $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ field-gradient calculation which yielded a $Q({\mathrm{Fe}}^{57m})$ value of 0.277 b is believed to be in error.
Student reactions to classroom lecture capture

This paper evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of lecture recording, which aspects of lectures and lecture capture systems are most used, and what additional features and functions would make the experience more effective. We evaluated 4 computer science courses recorded during spring 2011 using our comprehensive lecture capture system PAOL and presented with webMANIC. We discuss the results of student surveys and focus groups and compare these with prior surveys that investigated how students reacted to the availability of online lecture content and how they used these resources in large- and small-scale deployments with both home-grown and commercial lecture capture technologies. The primary motivation for this study was to analyze how lecture capture fits in the context of computer science curricula and pedagogy and about how we can enhance our systems to be more educationally effective.
Recurrent ameloblastoma twenty-five years after hemimandibulectomy.

Abstract The treatment of choice of a large ameloblastoma such as this, which has eroded through cortical bone, is radical resection. Yearly roentgenographic and clinical examination are necessary to determine the possibility of recurrence. A twenty-five-year cure can be considered a good result.
Critical concerns and commitments of a new department of nursing

Abstract Critical concerns of a department of nursing are efforts to take a measure of academic health—"how are we doing?" students and faculty ask. In commitment comes obligation and we have seen those obligations to be those of self-development, to patient care, to professional growth, and to excellence in the university setting. At a time when this department is well into its development, we see special privileges available to student and faculty and patient-opportunities to be a part of the "growing edge" of ideas, knowledge, skills, practice, and technology. In dedicating this new medical complex and inaugurating the department of nursing we are a part of shaping the direction of change in the health professions.
Predictive relationships for HMA fracture properties based on mixture component characteristics

This study was mainly focused on identifying appropriate relationships between asphalt mixture component characteristics and asphalt mixture properties known to control cracking performance. The current lack of material property models that can accurately describe the changes in material properties over time in the field is probably the greatest deficiency in our ability to accurately predict pavement performance. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate existing material property models, and develop improved models for use in the prediction of pavement performance. Relationships able to predict initial fracture energy and creep rate, which are the properties known to govern the change in material property over time and are also required for performance model predictions, were developed in this study. In addition, conceptual relationships were identified to describe changes in these properties over time (aging) by including the effect of the non-healable permanent damage related to load and moisture. This c...
Severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure complicate a total abdominal hysterectomy.

Objective: The 2007 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines report that no significant studies have been conducted assessing the perioperative risk of pulmonary hyperte...
The effect of a filling catheter during urodynamics

A prospective crossover study of 35 patients was performed to investigate the effect of a filling catheter upon closure pressure, functional length, and total urethral length. Urethral pressure profiles were done while the patients were in the sitting position with a full bladder, both with and without a 6 F pediatric feeding tube in the urethra. Both closure pressure and functional length were significantly higher with the filling catheter in situ. Urethral pressure profiles were different in all patients with the filling catheter in place. Urethral pressure profiles and cystometrograms should be done without filling catheters, using the smallest microtransducer catheters available, to avoid artifactual effects.
Ex Ante Stock Market Return Volatility Implied by the OEX Option Premium

Previous empirical evidence suggests that stock return volatility expectations change over time, but the existing models of time-varying variance lack a theoretical structure that is rigorously linked to the efficient markets dividend discount model. This paper develops and tests such a model. The conditional forecast variance of the return on the stock market portfolio is expressed as a linear combination of the adjusted conditional forecast variance of the interest rate and the dividend growth rate. An empirical test using the implied variance of the S&P 100 index option provides evidence that supports the model's predictions.
The mere notion of a model

Some of the ideas nascent in the notion of a model are here explored in a preliminary way. In particular we ask what the special insight afforded by the mathematical model may be and suggest that the notion of craftsmanship in mathematical modelling can provide a via media between the formalistic and subjective extremes, at once doing justice to the modeller's mental activity and providing a basis for dialogue and discussion.
μ-Opioid receptor regulates CFTR coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes in a cAMP independent manner

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the signaling mechanisms of the μ -opioid receptor in its coupling to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) when coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes. Because oocytes do not contain endogenous cAMP-regulated ion channels, the cAMP-modulated CFTR was coexpressed with receptors as a `reporter' channel. Agonist treatment of oocytes coexpressing μ -opioid receptors, β 2 -adrenergic receptors and CFTR produced Cl − currents in a dose-related manner and immunocytochemical analysis confirmed receptor expression. These data suggest that opioid agonists could activate adenylyl cyclase in this system to elevate cAMP levels. Heterotrimeric G protein β γ -subunits acting on adenylyl cyclase type II would increase cAMP levels. The probable presence of adenylyl cyclase type II and other components of opioid signal transduction such as G i α 2 , were demonstrated by RT-PCR. However, measurement of cAMP levels in individual oocytes by radioimmunoassay showed that opioid agonist application to oocytes expressing μ -opioid receptors, β 2 -adrenergic receptors and CFTR did not increase cAMP levels, whereas application of the β 2 -adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, or IBMX alone did increase cAMP levels. Opioid-induced CFTR activation was not affected by either application of the broad spectrum kinase inhibitor, H7, nor by application of the specific PKA inhibitor, KT5720. Injection of free β γ -subunits, which could activate the endogenous type II cyclase, was unable to produce measurable currents in oocytes expressing the CFTR. These studies indicate that opioid activation of the CFTR is not mediated through a cAMP/PKA pathway, by either β γ -subunit activation of an adenylyl cyclase type II or promiscuous coupling to G s α .
Toward Greater Precision in Rock-Color Terminology

Use of the Munsell Soil Color Chart is advocated for rocks in the hue range of red, yellow, brown, and orange. This chart has six times as many color chips in this important range of rock colors as the Rock-Color Chart. A standardized value-chroma terminology is advocated, constant over all hues, such that each color chip has its own unique name, and the whole is tied together by a simple mnemonic device.
Isolation of cortisol from the brain of the rhesus monkey

Abstract Cortisol has been isolated from the brain of the rhesus monkey. The amounts per gram of wet tissue averaged 0.55 ± 0.06. This is in contrast to levels as high as 1–9 μg/g previously reported in human brain. Identification included infrared spectrometry.
Synchronous flowering and fruit set at phloem-isolated Nodes in soybean

Much of the variation in yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] results from variation in seeds per unit area, but the physiological regulation of seed number is not well understood. The relationship between the timing of flower development and pod and seed number was evaluated in three greenhouse experiments with a girdled-node system. Plants ('Elgin 87') were grown in 3.0-L pots filled with a soil-vermiculite mixture (2:1 v/v) and the main stem below Node 7 (one-node treatment) or below Node 5 (three-node treatment) was girdled when the first flower opened at Node 7. The leaves at Nodes 5 and 6 on the three-node treatment were removed and the main stem above Node 7 was removed on all plants. All nodes in the three-node treatment flowered at the same time and the total flower production was 68% greater than on the one-node treatment. The three-node treatment produced more pods (36-94%) and more seeds (36-78%) than the one-node treatment. Girdling-induced reductions in light saturated C exchange rate (CER) during flowering and pod set were consistently greater on the one-node than on the three-node treatment. However, the three-node treatment produced more pods per unit assimilate, suggesting that the increased CER did not account for the increase in pods and seeds. The number of pods and seeds at phloem-isolated nodes responded to synchronous flowering, suggesting that the timing of flower development may play a role in determining reproductive success in soybean.
MEASURING AND COMPARING VOLUME FLEXIBILITY IN THE CAPITAL GOODS INDUSTRY

This paper presents a theoretical framework for measuring volume flexibility and relating these measures to firm performance. We develop four metrics using the principle that a volume flexible firm can handle similar levels of uncertainty (as measured by sales variability) with smaller fluctuations in inputs (as measured by variability in cost of goods sold and variability in inventory levels). Then, using 20 years of Compustat data on 550 firms in the capital goods industry, we find that on three of four process-based measures, small firms are more volume flexible. However, when we incorporate financial performance into our fourth metric, we find that large firms are more volume flexible. We conclude that, to be volume flexible is one thing, but to benefit from this flexibility, firms need to focus on the cost of being flexible.
Rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of O3 with selected organics at 296 K

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O3 with ethene, propene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, styrene, o-, m-, and p-cresol, o- and m-xylene, benzylchloride, acrylonitrile, and trichloroethene have been determined at 296 ± 2 K. The rate constants ranged from <5 × 10−21 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for m-xylene to 2.16 × 10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for styrene, with those for ethene, propene, and 1-hexene being in excellent agreement with literature data.
Indicators and standards of quality for paddling on Lake Champlain

Abstract Lake Champlain is host to a diversity of recreational and other uses that may have social and ecological impacts. Questions of how much and what type of use should be allowed in recreation areas can be addressed through carrying capacity frameworks, using indicators and standards of quality. This study focuses on indicators and standards of quality for paddling on the lake along a non-motorized kayak and canoe trail. A number of indicator variables are identified, including scenery, quiet and solitude, being on the water, presence of wildlife, motorized watercraft, shoreline development, and invasive lake vegetation. Standards are formulated for three variables: 1) presence of sailboats and motorboats, 2) shoreline development, and 3) campsite impacts. Study findings indicate that conditions typically experienced by paddlers are nearing the minimum acceptable condition for both the number of motorboats and sailboats on the lake and the amount of shoreline development. Monitoring and management may be needed to maintain high quality paddling experiences on the lake.
Phorbol Dibutyrate (PDB) Regulation of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Does Not Involve MicroRNAs (miRNAs)

PDB is a tumor promotor and activator of protein kinase C. In human colonic T84 cells, pretreatment with PDB attenuated PGE1- stimulated Cl- secretion as measured by short circuit current (ΔISc, μA...
Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms are lessened following massage therapy

Abstract Objective . To determine the effectiveness of massage therapy for relieving the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods. Sixteen adults with CTS symptoms were randomized to a 4-week massage therapy or control group. Participants in the massage therapy group were taught a self-massage routine that was done daily at home. They were also massaged once a week by a therapist. The participants' diagnosis was based on a nerve conduction velocity test, the Phalen test, and the Tinel sign test performed by a physician. The participants were also given the state trait anxiety inventory (STAI), the profile of mood states (POMS), a visual analog scale for pain and a test of grip strength. Results. Participants in the massage therapy group improved on median peak latency and grip strength. They also experienced lower levels of perceived pain, anxiety, and depressed mood. Conclusion. The results suggest that symptoms of CTS can be relieved by a daily regimen of massage therapy.
Pediatric Psychology Training and Genetics: What Will Twenty-First-Century Pediatric Psychologists Need to Know?

Objective To demonstrate the importance of genetic knowledge in coming decades and to outline necessary areas of genetic education. Method This article reviews research involving genetic testing of children for cancer syndromes, development disabilities, psychiatric problems, and other conditions. Results The developmental, clinical, research, and consultation skills of well-trained pediatric psychologists will make them valuable collaborators with genetics professionals. Pediatric psychologists study the genetic etiology of psychiatric conditions and outcomes of genetic testing for physical disease. Conclusions Pediatric psychologists will need training in the concepts and methods of the New Genetics. They should understand the implications of risk notification and genetic test disclosure and should be aware of related ethical concerns.
Turnover of T Cells in Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68-Infected Mice

Respiratory challenge of C57BL/6 mice with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 induces proliferation of T lymphocytes early after infection, as evidenced by incorporation of the DNA precursor bromodeoxyuridine. Using pulse-chase analysis, splenic and peripheral blood activated T lymphocytes were found to continue dividing for at least a month after the initial virus challenge. The results are in accord with the idea that T cells are stimulated for a substantial time after the acute, lytic phase of virus infection is resolved.
Quantitative correlation of XPS linewidth with dislocation density in shock‐loaded ammonium perchlorate

The linewidths of x-ray photoelectron spectra have been correlated with dislocation densities in a shock-damaged crystal of ammonium perchlorate (AP). A centimeter-size AP crystal was non-uniformly damaged by a rapidly decaying shock (peak pressure of 24.4 kbar at the entry surface), recovered intact and cleaved. The cleaved planes permitted interior analysis of the crystal by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) over a pattern of 1 mm × 1 mm areas. The linewidth of the Cl 2p3/2 peak ranged from 1.70 eV for the region of greatest damage to 1.22 eV for the region demonstrating no visible damage, the same linewidth as that for unshocked AP (control). The correlation between dislocation density and XPS linewidth was quantitatively established by chemically etching and counting dislocations on cleaved planes from the shocked crystal. By this technique, a 100 × increase in dislocation density was determined for the region of greatest shock damage relative to undamaged crystal. Molecular orbital energy variation caused by distortion of the lattice in the vicinity of a dislocation is the physical mechanism responsible for the broadening of the photoelectron lines. Ab initio calculations of the Cl 2p energy level from various distorted perchlorate anion geometries have predicted orbital energy shifts sufficient to produce the observed linewidth broadening.
Events That Increase Uncertainty in Personal Relationships II Replication and Extension

Events that change relational knowledge were investigated because they have theoretical implications for uncertainty reduction and relational cognition and they have important consequences in terms of personal trauma and relational damage. Data were gathered in ways that corrected major problems in earlier studies, results were compared between two studies, and hypotheses about differences were tested. Additional information was also gathered concerning how often such events occurred, what led up to them, attributions about causes, coping strategies, and how the experience was viewed in hindsight. The results indicated that although the emotional and cognitive effects of the events were nearly as strong as found in earlier studies, the effects on relationships were not as negative. Other findings and their implications for uncertainty reduction theory and existing models of schema change were also discussed.
Beyond criminalization: toward a criminologically informed framework for mental health policy and services research.

The problems posed by persons with mental illness involved with the criminal justice system are vexing ones that have received attention at the local, state and national levels. The conceptual model currently guiding research and social action around these problems is shaped by the “criminalization” perspective and the associated belief that reconnecting individuals with mental health services will by itself reduce risk for arrest. This paper argues that such efforts are necessary but possibly not sufficient to achieve that reduction. Arguing for the need to develop a services research framework that identifies a broader range of risk factors for arrest, we describe three potentially useful criminological frameworks—the “life course,” “local life circumstances” and “routine activities” perspectives. Their utility as platforms for research in a population of persons with mental illness is discussed and suggestions are provided with regard to how services research guided by these perspectives might inform the development of community-based services aimed at reducing risk of arrest.
Additives and Resistivity in Beta-Alumina

It is well known that the resistivity of β-alumina is sensitive to composition. However, the situation is complicated by the fact that the constituents of the material being studied may play various roles in affecting the measured resistivity. First, β-alumina conducts via mobile sodium ions, and replacement of these sodium ions by other metal cations will, naturally, change the resistivity. Second, the resistivity of the β-alumina will depend on the concentration of the mobile sodium ions, and additives which will increase that concentration will decrease the resistivity. This assumes that these additives play no other role in the conduction process. Third, most studies of β-alumina have used polycrystalline samples, and sintering to near theoretical density is required. Additives or impurities which aid or inhibit the sintering process will affect the measured resistivity of the sintered polycrystalline material. Fourth, β-alumina may also adopt somewhat modified structures, e.g., β″-alumina, which exhibit different resistivities compared to the parent material.