cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A36: Validation of candidate cancer genes using the CRISPR system

We have used Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis to study the development of several types of sarcomas including osteosarcoma (OS) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). This work has revealed the power of SB mutagenesis to identify critical genes and genetic pathways that, when altered, can cooperate to cause these tumors. We have discovered specific novel oncogenes, such as FOXR2 in MPNST and SEMA4D in OS, recurrent alterations in certain pathways, such as the Wnt/β−catenin pathway in MPNST, and information about what genetic alterations can cooperate in sarcomagenesis, such as loss of NF1 and PTEN in MPNST. We have functionally validated these genetic alterations in several ways, including the use of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and TAL effector nucleases (TALEN) or CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease modified human cell lines. However, these studies typically analyzed only single candidates of great interest due to the alteration observed in comparative genomics analyses or novelty in the cancer field. In an attempt to further study our candidate cancer genes (CCGs) we have implemented the CRISPR nuclease system to perform a medium throughput screen of all candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). To this end, we are generating and validating CRISPR gRNAs to target all TSGs identified in our MPNST and OS SB screens (~300 genes). Using immortalized human cell lines we have targeted these candidate TSGs and screened for their ability to increase colony formation in soft agar, migration, and xenograft tumor formation. We have identified numerous genes that when mutated by CRISPR resulted in increased tumorigenic properties. These genes are currently being tested for their ability to induce xenograft formation in immunocompromised mice. This CRISPR screen for MPNST and OS CCGs is ongoing and new results will be reported. Citation Format: Natalie Wolf, Branden Smeester, Madison Weg, David A. Largaespada, Branden Scott Moriarity. Validation of candidate cancer genes using the CRISPR system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr A36.
The Effect of Glucocorticoids and LPS on the Functional Activity of RAW Cell Line

It is well documented that glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that are known to affect cell mediated inflammation by the inhibition of cellular proliferation and cytokine production. The literature is lacking knowledge in elucidating the mode of action of such agents on the transformed like cells in culture. Therefore, RAW (macrophage like) cells was selected as a model to determine the effects of cortisol administration or cortisol in the presence of LPS on the cells metabolic functions. Cells were treated with physiological concentrations of cortisol or cortisol + LPS for periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. After each phase, cell numbers, cellular damage and cellular morphology were determined. The results indicated cortisol and cortisol + LPS treated cells inhibited cellular proliferation as well as increased cellular MDA levels as early as 24 hours. Overall, the results indicate that cortisol has a remarkable effect on RAW cellular proliferation similar to the reduction seen in our previous findings using HEP-2 cells. In addition to reduction in cellular number the cell's ability to adjust to a bacterial challenge may be directly altered. These results provided important information for patients who are immunosuppressed or chronically exposed to stressful conditions.
Evaluation and Reorganization of Regional Spatial Structure of Huaihai Economic Zone

The paper includes two parts.The first is to analysis economic development stage and regional spatial structure of Huaihai Economic Zone,and the second is to study on the goal,mode,power,resistance and ways of reorganizing spatial structure.In the first part,with the help of a multi-indicator analysis model,20units′economic development composite indexes are got by using socio-economic statistical data in 2011.Then we can recognize regional spatial structure of Huaihai Economic Zone by cluster-analyzing these composite indexes and illustrating the clustering result.The characteristics of the spatial structure include:1)discrete spatial structure;2)marginalization of the core areas;3)obvious barrier effect of administrative boundaries to the regional economic integration.This spatial structure is incompatible with the regional economic development stage(mid-industrialization),however,the aggregated spatial structure is more appropriate.In the second part,with the goal of constructing an aggregated and export-oriented economic space with close internal connection,a mesh spatial structure mode including one central city,two main axes and three secondary axes is proposed.Then the criteria is discussed and based on it the central city and the axes as well as the leading industries of main node cities are chosen.Based on the analysis of power and resistance of spatial reorganization,the author points out that planning constraint,policy guidance and aggregation traction are the ways of spatial reconstruction,and that a regional coordination regulator is necessary.
Geochemical Land Quality Evaluation and Space Distribution in the Liao Middle-downriver Plain

By the use of Multi-Purpose Geochemical Data(1:250000) in Liao River and a system of evaluation which contained 16 indexes about land fertility and environmental health,the geochemical land quality evaluation and space distribution in the Liao Middle-downriver Plain was researched based on GIS,Membership Functions and cumulative curve.The results demonstrated that land quality in researched area was in good condition,about 89.78% of land was above nicer level,with high quality level of land 0.66%,the eximious level 63.16%,the nicer level 25.96%,medium level 10.06%.The low level land accounted for 0.16% of proportion.
The role of anglers in preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species in the Great Lakes region

Abstract The spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) is an ongoing challenge in the Great Lakes region. Anglers play a pivotal role in preventing or contributing to the spread of these organisms. Anglers in the Great Lakes region were surveyed by mail during fall 2013 to assess their AIS-related awareness, knowledge, and concern as well as the actions they took to prevent the spread of AIS. Many anglers were aware of AIS, knowledgeable and concerned about them, and taking some actions to prevent their spread. However, certain actions, such as drying and disinfecting or rinsing equipment with hot water, were more difficult and were reported less frequently. Because many anglers already recognize the importance of taking action to prevent the spread of AIS, future outreach efforts may be able to deemphasize communication about the importance of taking action and focus more on strategies that will enable anglers to take these actions.
The Solutions to Chinese Security Investor Protection Fund System

The establishment of the security investor protection fund is the innovation of supervision system,reflecting the principle that Chinese laws of securitices in terms of protecting investors,especially the legal benefits of small and medium investors.This paper presents the solutions to it governance structure of fund industry,financing,recovery and operation.
A Differential Temporal Interestingness Measure for Identifying the Learning Behavior Effects of Scaffolding.

Effective design and improvement of scaffolding in complex and open-ended learning environments, requires the ability to assess the effectiveness of a variety of scaffolding options, not only in terms of overall performance and learning, but also in terms of more subtle effects on students’ behavior and understanding. In this paper, we present a novel data mining technique that aids the analysis of scaffolding and students’ learning behaviors by identifying activity patterns that distinguish groups of students (e.g., groups that received different scaffolding and feedback during an extended, complex learning activities) by differences in both total behavior pattern usage and evolution of pattern usage over time. We demonstrate the utility of this technique through application to student activity data from a recent experiment with the Betty’s Brain learning environment and four different scaffolding conditions.
Role of Cellulose and Colanic Acid in Attachment of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli to Lettuce and Spinach in Different Water Hardness Environments

This study investigated the role of extracellular cellulose production by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on attachment to lettuce and spinach in different water hardness environments. Two cellulose-producing wild-type STEC strains, 19 (O5:H−) and 49 (O103:H2), and their cellulose-deficient derivatives were used. Strain 49 also produced colanic acid as a constituent of its extracellular polymeric substances. Attached cells were determined by plate counts on the surface and cut edge of the leaves after an attachment period of 2 h at 4°C. Hydrophobicity and surface charge of the cells were determined. Strain 49 attached at levels 0.3 and 0.6 log greater to the surface and 0.9 and 0.4 log greater to the cut edges of spinach compared to strain 19 for both wild-type and cellulose-deficient cells (P > 0.05). Cellulose-producing cells attached more to the surface of lettuce but not of spinach than did cellulose-deficient cells. However, more cellulose-deficient cells attached (at levels 0.66 and 0....
Relationship of influenza virus infection to associated infections in children who present with influenza-like symptoms

Influenza virus is a major health care burden and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Data on morbidity and complications (pneumonia, otitis media) related to influenza virus infection in primary care settings are limited with reports mainly obtained from hospital settings. We assessed the prevalence of complications from viral/bacterial infections in influenza- positive compared with influenza- negative children presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in a primary care setting. This retrospective, practice-based chart review studied complications from viral/bacterial infections in 255 children and adolescents (females/males, 1-21 years) who presented with ILI. We also compared the prevalence of complications by influenza vaccination status between influenza positive (N = 32/121) and influenza negative (N = 50/134) cases (2013-2015). Comparisons for categorical variables were made using chi-squared tests. The prevalence of complications was similar in influenza positive (18/121) and influenza negative (22/134) patients (P = NS). Patients presenting with ILI, who were vaccinated, were less likely to test positive for influenza compared with patients who were not vaccinated (P = 0.064). However, prevalence of infections was similar in both groups based on vaccination status. We did not find any effect of type of health insurance on influenza status (P > 0.05) Common respiratory complications of seasonal influenza did not differ in influenza positive compared with influenza negative patients. Vaccination with influenza vaccine may result in decreased duration or severity of symptoms, and remains an important public health intervention. In primary care settings, determination of influenza status may be an important tool for clinicians to predict the likelihood of complications.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis and Scrotum

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the penis and scrotum. The risk of these rare tumors has been linked to lack of circumcision for penile cancer, occupational exposure to carcinogens for scrotal cancer, and exposure to human papillomavirus for both. Although there have been no randomized controlled trials, several treatment strategies have emerged consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy for advanced disease, and multimodal therapy for locally advanced disease. More effective treatment for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis or scrotum is urgently needed.
Using three-winding transformers to save money and improve reliability and performance

Many factors affect the cost, reliability, and performance of industrial power distribution systems. In fact, designing an industrial power system often presents tradeoffs between these three factors. This paper describes how using three-winding transformers can reduce the costs while improving the performance and reliability of industrial power systems.
Chemical Strengthening of Alkali-Free Glass Via Pressure Vessel Ion Exchange

Ion exchange is a popular technique for chemically strengthening alkali-containing glass articles, such as Corning® Gorilla® Glass. The ion exchange process is based on a replacement of small alkali ions in the glass with larger alkali ions from a molten salt bath through inter-diffusion. As the larger alkali ions from the salt bath supplant the smaller alkali ions in the glass, a compressive stress profile is generated near the surface of the glass, which increases its strength and damage resistance. However, certain applications of high-tech glasses require alkali-free environments, such as glasses used as substrates for flat panel display applications. In this paper, we report the first successful chemical strengthening of an alkali-free glass. This is achieved via an aqueous ion exchange of barium salts under high pressure and temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that Ba2+ replaces both Ca2+ and B3+ in the glass, producing surface compressive stress values near 200 MPa. This technology may enable chemical strengthening for a wide range of applications, including flat panel display substrates.
Teaching Neuroscience with Phaedo

This chapter describes how to use the dialogue Phaedo to teach Neuroscience. Students read a selection from Phaedo along with the section from the textbook on Neuroscience. The Phaedo is one of the most memorable and interesting of all the Platonic dialogues. The setting of the dialogue is during the last days of Socrates’ life. He has been convicted by a jury of his peers in Athens for worshipping strange gods and corrupting the minds of the young. The dialogue takes place in Socrates’ prison cell as he awaits his execution. Socrates’ friends are with him and they are crestfallen. Socrates argues with several of his friends on the existence and nature of the soul. Once students become familiar with Socrates’ very extreme position on the human soul and its radical differences with the body, they can then compare and contrast Socrates’ “dualistic” position with the view coming from modern neuroscientific research which does not factor in the presence of an immaterial soul to explain mental phenomena.
Synthesis of Functionalized [3], [4], [5] and [6]Dendralenes through Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Substituted Allenoates

A mild method for the synthesis of highly functionalized [3]-[6]dendralenes is reported, representing a general strategy to diversely substituted higher homologues of the dendralenes. The methodology utilizes allenoates bearing various substitution patterns, along with a wide range of boron and alkenyl nucleophiles that couple under palladium catalysis leading to sp-, sp2 -, and sp3 -substituted arrays. Regioselective transformations of the newly formed unsymmetrical dendralene derivatives are demonstrated. The use of micellar catalysis, where water is the global reaction medium, and room temperature reaction conditions, highlights the green nature of this technology.
Management of Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a medical emergency with a high mortality rate. Early revascularization of the infarct-related artery is critical, though often insufficient to reverse the hemodynamic embarrassment. Pharmacologic support with vasopressors and inotropes is frequently inadequate to maintain sufficient blood pressure and cardiac output. Much attention has been focused on the use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory supports including intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP), percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (v-a ECMO). Despite widespread use of these medications and mechanical devices, there are limited data supporting their use. In this chapter we review the guidelines and existing evidence for the management of CS complicating acute MI.
Bisphosphonate-Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of the Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common neoplasia among children, and its survival statistics have been stagnating since the combinatorial anticancer therapy triad was first introduced. Here, we report on the assessment of the effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles loaded with medronate, the simplest bisphosphonate, as a bone-targeting agent and JQ1, a small-molecule bromodomain inhibitor, as a chemotherapeutic in different 2D and 3D K7M2 OS in vitro models. Both additives decreased the crystallinity of HAp, but the effect was more intense for medronate because of its higher affinity for HAp. As the result of PO43––NH+ binding, JQ1 shielded the surface phosphates of HAp and pushed its surface charge to more positive values, exhibiting the opposite effect from calcium-blocking medronate. In contrast to the faster and more exponential release of JQ1 from monetite, its release from HAp nanoparticles followed a zero-order kinetics, but 98% of the payload was released after 48 h. The apoptotic effect...
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: Case series of 14 with wide range of clinical presentation.

Background To present 14 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), highlighting their clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics. Material and Methods Fourteen cases of AOT were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Biopsy Service (OPBS). Clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings are described. Results Fourteen AOT cases were reviewed, of which 12 were intraosseous and two were peripheral (gingiva). The cases came from eight females and six males with an age range of 11-30. Of the 12 intraosseous cases, nine were follicular (associated with impacted teeth), while three were extra-follicular (present between teeth). Six of the 12 cases were in the maxilla, and the other six were in the mandible. The two peripheral cases presented as nodules on the buccal gingiva of the anterior maxillary teeth. Radiographically, all 12 follicular and extra-follicular cases were unilocular radiolucencies; of those, only one had specks of radiopacity. Histologically, all specimens were similar in morphology, demonstrating a varied degree of duct-like structures, epithelial spheres, spindle-shaped epithelial cells, calcifications, and a thick capsule. The two peripheral cases had no capsule. Conclusions AOT usually affects patients under 20 years of age, with a female to male ratio close to 2:1. Presentation in the anterior maxilla is almost twice as common as in the anterior mandible. Radiographically, AOT presents as a unilocular radiolucency more commonly associated with impacted teeth, simulating a dentigerous cyst. We present 14 new cases of AOT (nine follicular, three extra-follicular, and two peripheral) with discussions of their clinical, radiographic, and histological features. Key words:Adenomatoid, odontogenic, tumor.
Inflow of oxygen and glucose in brain tissue induced by intravenous norepinephrine: relationships with central metabolic and peripheral vascular responses.

Using high-speed amperometry and thermorecording in freely moving rats, we demonstrate that intravenous norepinephrine at physiological doses induces rapid correlative increases in nucleus accumben...
An Islamic Behavioral Perspective

David Hume (Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006) stated that only religious fanatics believe they have the knowledge to make judgments as to how the world best works, and in this they provide a threat to political stability. This statement gets to the heart of the disconnect between the understanding and relationship of western secular liberal economic order and the Islamic religiously conservative rentier order in Saudi and elsewhere in what is commonly termed “the Islamic world.” I have used the term fideist to capture the overarching Saudi Islamic worldview, rather than fanatic, fundamentalist and the host of other names used to frame the debate and various religious players involved. Part of this Saudi fideism is a desire to maintain an Islamic worldview, and to take from the west what is beneficial and reject what is not. The economic strain in Saudi will make this process much more difficult, and Saudi will become more vulnerable to secular forces, which makes maintaining the Islamic identity harder and opening ways to those who would terrorize the kingdom into rejecting all that is western and secular. The house of Saud has managed the kingdom through gradualism and occasional spurts of reform, and by repelling those forces that threaten it. It allowed radicals to exist in the kingdom while the Saudis themselves proselytized, but once threatened the action taken by the authorities was swift and brutal. The house of Saud could do all these things because they have power in the sense of ‘asabiyya and because they have oil wealth. The former is under threat by sectarian political movements and the latter by global economic dynamics, with the thread of religion linking these threats together. The problem is whether these religious and political dynamics are in conflict with the economic policies and thinking needed to change the economic dynamics of Saudi. If the outcome of any conflict between culture and economics is the triumph of capitalism then in all likelihood Saudi will change as an Islamic state. If culture wins then the economy will implode. The contrast is stark.
A test of the relevant association between utility theory and subjective risk tolerance: Introducing the Profit-to-Willingness ratio

Abstract The purpose of this study was to document the empirical linkage between an objective risk tolerance utility function and a subjective risk tolerance scale. This study utilized return data from 2008 through 2013 for the S&P 500 as a proxy for the objective risk tolerance utility function and risk tolerance data obtained from a multidimensional psychometrically designed financial risk tolerance scale. Results from this study add to the literature by introducing the Profit-to-Willingness ratio (P/W ratio) and by showing investments in the stock market exhibit strong associates with the risk attitudes and preferences of investors. It was determined that an increase in the S&P 500 was associated with a decrease in aggregate risk tolerance during the period of analysis, whereas a decrease in the index increased willingness to take financial risk during the same period.
Asthma medications: basic pharmacology and use in the athlete.

OBJECTIVE Asthma is a chronic disease that affects athletes at all levels of sport. Several categories of drugs, including relatively new agents, are available to treat the asthmatic patient. By understanding the appropriate uses and effects of these drugs, the athletic trainer can assist the asthmatic athlete in improving therapeutic outcomes from the asthma therapy. The appropriate use of these medications includes not only the use of the appropriate drug(s), but also appropriate technique for administration, compliance with the prescribed dosing intervals, and sufficient care to avoid side effects. DATA SOURCES I searched MEDLINE and CINAHL from 1982 to 1999 and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from 1990 to 1999. Terms searched were "asthma," "athlete,""athletic," "exercise-induced," "exercise," "performance," "therapy," and "treatment." DATA SYNTHESIS Bronchodilators include beta2 agonists, anticholinergics, and methylxanthines. Of these, the beta2 agonists used by inhalation are the drugs of choice to treat an acute asthma attack or to prevent an anticipated attack (such as before exercise). Anti-inflammatory agents include corticosteroids mast cell-stabilizing agents, and antileukotrienes. Corticosteroids by inhalation are the drugs of choice for long-term treatment to curb the inflammatory process in the lung. Each of these drug categories has a unique mechanism of action. The athletic trainer who understands the appropriate use of these medications can help the athlete to obtain optimal results from drug therapy. Encouraging the athlete to comply with appropriate therapy, monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy, and recognizing the stimuli that initiate asthmatic attacks can improve the patient's therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS The athletic trainer has an opportunity to play a key role in ensuring that the asthmatic athlete achieves the desired outcomes from treatment. The athletic trainer can help to minimize the effect of asthma on athletic performance by ensuring that the athlete uses inhaler devices properly, is compliant with the prescribed drug therapy, monitors pulmonary function appropriately, uses medications properly before exercise, and is aware of the factors that initiate asthma symptoms.
Changes in cellular composition of the lymph caused by ionizing radiations.

Erythrocytes appear in large numbers in the lymph of rats and dogs after massive exposure to x rays. The peak of endothelial fragility, as indicated by the erythrocyte counts in the lymph, is reached on the ninth to fourteenth day in rats and the eleventh to seventeenth day in dogs. In both species the erythrocyte count in the lymph frequently exceeds one million. Diversion of erythrocytes into the lymph compartment causes a relative anemia; excessive destruction of erythrocytes, presumably related to extravasation and not to a direct irradiation injury, is responsible in part for the absolute anemia. It is suggested that similar changes may contribute to the anemia of leukemia and other blood diseases associated with capillary fragility. The drop in lymphocyte counts in both lymph and blood is precipitous within 5 to 10 hours after irradiation. During the fourth to eighth hours after irradiation, injured and dead lymphocytes are present in the lymph in large numbers. During the recovery phase, the per cent of large lymphocytes in the lymph greatly increases, there are many abnormal large lymphoid cells and mitotic figures, and tissue mast cells appear in blood smears. It is concluded that diversion of erythrocytes into the lymph caused by massive irradiation, if severe, becomes a self-aggravating process and leads to death.
RESEARCH ON DRAMA AND THEATER FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

Brian, a drama facilitator, leads a group of Grade 9 students in Zambia in a series of drama activities designed to help them identify the stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Brian’s goal is to promote more HIV/AIDS competence among these students. While they work, Tony, an anthropologist, takes field notes. Brian has introduced the students to a fictitious 14 year old boy they name Steven Mubanga, who is represented by an empty jacket draped around a chair. Brian tells them that Steven, HIV positive at birth, was placed in an orphanage as a baby by his only surviving family member, his 12 year old brother. The students explore the older brother’s concerns as he first thinks about trying to care for a baby by himself, and then 14 years later, when he contemplates bringing Steven to live with his family. This exploration enables the students to confront their misconceptions and fears about HIV/AIDS. Later, Brian asks them if they would be a friend to Steven and write him a letter. One of the boys agrees to take on the role of Steven. He puts on the jacket and the students read him their letters and then stand by his side. “I want to become your friend,” one boy writes. “I know it was not your wish to become HIV positive. I know I cannot be infected if we are just friends.” The summary report of this drama activity noted the following: The pupils’ declarations of friendship for the HIV-positive boy portrayed in the drama were ritualized when they handed their written declarations to him, shook hands and stood in solidarity with him at the front of the class. This was an extremely moving moment, all the more so for the levels of belief, dignity, respect and truth with which the pupils imbued it. (Simpson & Heap, 2002, pp. 71‐83; see also Heap & Simpson, 2005)
7 – The Ionic Bond

There arises thus a certain insincerity in our philosophic discussions: the potentest of all our premises is never mentioned.
Total Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes in Patients With a Previously Failed Toxicology Screen: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to review the outcomes of a consecutive series of arthroplasty patients who had previously failed a urine toxicology test. Specifically, we assessed (1) mortality at last follow-up; (2) 90-day readmission and reoperation; (3) rate of complications; and (4) hospital length of stay (LOS) and rates of nonhome discharge. Methods A single-institution, electronic medical record database was queried for primary arthroplasty patients from 2006 to 2017 who had previously failed a day-of-arthroplasty urine toxicology screen. Patients were matched in a 2:1 ratio with toxicology-negative controls. Results The mortality rate among toxicology-positive THA patients was 1 of 20 (5%) compared to 0 of 40 among controls (P = .333); the rate of readmission was 3 of 20 (15%) vs 0 of 40 (P = .033); the rate of reoperation was 1 of 20 vs 0 of 40 (P = .333); the rate of surgical complications was 6 of 20 (30%) vs 1 of 40 (2.5%) (P = .004); the rate of medical complication was 4 of 20 (20%) vs 1 of 40 (2.5%) (P = .038); the average LOS was 4 days (range, 1-8 days) vs 2 days (range, 1-10) (P = .002); and the rate of nonhome discharge was 5 of 20 (25%) vs 2 of 40 (5%) patients in the control group (P = .013). The mortality rate among toxicology-positive TKA patients was 1 of 19 (5.3%) compared to 0 of 38 among controls (P = .333); the rate of readmission was 5 of 19 (26.3%) vs 2 of 39 (5.3%) (P = .033); the rate of reoperation was 3 of 19 (15.8%) vs zero (P = .033); the rate of surgical complications was 4 of 21 (21.1%) vs 1 of 38 (2.6%) (P = .038); the rate of medical complications was 5 of 19 (26.3%) vs 2 of 38 (5.3%) (P = .035); the average LOS was 4 days (range, 2-6 days) vs 2 days (range, 1-8 days) (P = .001), the rate of nonhome discharge was 7 of 19 (36.8%) compared to 2 of 38 (5.3%) in the control group (P = .004). Conclusion These results suggest that toxicology-positive patients require a careful discussion of goals of care before undertaking total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty.
Partner Abduction and Hostage-Taking

Persons may kidnap their ex-partner, partner, and family members, resulting frequently in police action (Booth et al. 2010; Lipsedge 2004; Fitzgerald and People 2006). In certain situations, ex-partner or partners may take their victim hostage. Hostage-taking in relationships can take the form of a hostage barricade incident in which individuals take hostages and the police besiege the location (Yokota et al. 2004; Bartol 2002). In another type of incident, known as the simple siege, the suspects barricade themselves without taking any hostages.
Evaluating changes in ambient ozone and respiratory-related healthcare utilization in the Washington, DC metropolitan area

Abstract Ozone pollution is a known respiratory irritant, yet we do not fully understand the magnitude or timing of respiratory effects based on short-term exposure. We investigated the associations between ambient ozone concentrations and respiratory symptoms as measured by healthcare utilization events. We used comprehensive electronic health records to identify respiratory responses to changes in ambient ozone levels. We constructed a dataset from Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States (KPMAS) that included information on 2013 and 2014 daily utilization rates for a broad range of healthcare utilization – nurse calls/emails, provider visits, emergency department and urgent care visits (ED/UC) and hospital admissions – by census block. We used 8-h average ozone concentrations collected from 48 air monitoring stations in the region via the Air Data database of the USEPA. We estimated the association between changes in ambient ozone (exposure windows of current day, 1-day lag and 3-day moving average) and changes in healthcare utilization using linear regression controlling for census tract-level socioeconomic indicators and temperature. Increases in ozone were associated with increases in three of the four utilization event types. A 10 ppb increase in 1-day ozone was associated with a 2.95% (95% CI: 1.93%, 3.96%) increase in calls/emails, a 1.56% (95% CI: 0.38%, 2.74%) increase in ED/UC visits and a 1.10% (95% CI: 0.48%, 1.73%) increase in provider visits. We did not find associations between ozone and hospital admissions. Proportionally, highest effects were found for nurse calls/emails possibly indicating a high number of mild effects that may be underreported in studies that examine only ED visits or hospital admissions.
Validated Indices for Histopathologic Activity Predict Development of Colorectal Neoplasia in Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS To correlate histologic activity in surveillance colonoscopies with the development of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis [UC]. METHODS Colorectal biopsies during surveillance [N = 764] from 52 UC patients with colorectal neoplasia were compared to 122 patients without neoplasia enrolled in a prospective natural history registry. All biopsies were scored using validated histologic scoring systems (Geboes score, Nancy histopathologic index [NHI], and Robarts histopathologic index [RHI]). Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were correlated with the development of colorectal neoplasia. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, mean RHI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07 for each 1-unit increase in RHI, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.12, p = 0.002) and mean NHI [HR 1.89 for each 1-unit increase in NHI, 95% CI 1.34-2.67, p = 0.002] for the entire surveillance period were significantly associated with colorectal neoplasia development. Shorter surveillance interval and increasing age were associated with increased risk of neoplasia development whereas mean Mayo endoscopic score was not significant. To generate a clinically useful measure of neoplasia risk, mean histologic activity in the preceding 5 years before the study endpoint was correlated with neoplasia development. In the preceding 5 years of surveillance, a mean RHI ≥ 8 had a 7.53-fold increased risk [95% CI 2.56-12.16, p < 0.001] and mean NHI ≥ 1.9 had a 5.89-fold increased risk [95% CI 2.18-15.92, p < 0.001] of developing colorectal neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Persistent histologic activity during multiple surveillance episodes is an independent predictor of colorectal neoplasia. Mean RHI and mean NHI during a 5-year colonoscopic surveillance period can be used to assess risk for colorectal neoplasia and optimize UC surveillance.
A trimeric capable gB CMV vaccine provides limited protection against a highly cell associated and epithelial tropic strain of cytomegalovirus in guinea pigs.

Multiple strains of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) by primary or secondary infection. The viral gB glycoprotein is a leading vaccine candidate, essential for infection of all cell-types, and immunodominant antibody target. Guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) is the only small animal model for cCMV. Various gB vaccines have shown efficacy but studies have utilized truncated gB and protection against prototype strain 22122 with preferential tropism to fibroblasts despite encoding a gH-based pentamer complex for non-fibroblast infection. A highly cell-associated novel strain of GPCMV (TAMYC) with 99 % identity in gB sequence to 22122 exhibited preferred tropism to epithelial cells. An adenovirus vaccine encoding full-length gB (AdgB) was highly immunogenic and partially protected against 22122 strain challenge in vaccinated animals but not when challenged with TAMYC strain. GPCMV studies with AdgB vaccine sera on numerous cell-types demonstrated impaired neutralization (NA50) compared to fibroblasts. GPCMV-convalescent sera including pentamer complex antibodies increased virus neutralization on non-fibroblasts and anti-gB depletion from GPCMV-convalescent sera had minimal impact on epithelial cell neutralization. GPCMV(PC+) 22122-convalescent animals challenged with TAMYC exhibited higher protection compared to AdgB vaccine. Overall, results suggest that antibody response to both gB and PC are important components of a GPCMV vaccine.
IoT based Smart Security and Surveillance System

Internet of Things (IoT) is an escalating trend in today’s world, and has proved to be a game changer in the field of technology. More and more sensors and devices are being connected together to develop new systems to solve real world problems. With the increase in technology and automation, security has become a major concern. The first line of defense for any property is always a security system, which alerts the owners regarding intrusion in real time. Currently, there exist multiple security systems, which make use of various motion sensors to detect any motion and notify the owner about the intrusion. However, most of these systems do not provide the features of zone barriers, facial recognition, remote camera surveillance and power failure detection, combined with ease of use, economic viability and power efficiency. The main objective of the proposed architecture is to overcome all these problems by developing a smart security and surveillance system which makes use of multiple ultrasonic sensors to detect intrusion attempts on the property of the owner, in order to notify them of the presence of an unauthorized person. Also, the system provides a warning to the person who has intentionally or unintentionally entered the property, so that they can step back in time, without triggering any alarm. With the help of a remote camera surveillance feature, the owner can monitor the surroundings of their property remotely. This system will issue an alert to the owner in case of a power failure as well. This system provides face recognition as an authentication procedure, in order to allow the valid entrants to enter into their property. All these features combined, create a flexible and reliable security system, which can be used in various properties, such as homes, offices, museums and so on.
Determinants of Attitudes Toward the Scientific Community: Confidence in the Press as a Mediator of Political Party Affiliation:

Drawing on 10 sets of data gathered in the General Social Survey between 2000 and 2018, this study examined whether confidence in the press mediated political party affiliation as a determinant of ...
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as intrinsic light harvesting and charge separation materials for photocatalysis

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a subclass of metal organic frameworks that have attracted considerable attention in the past years and have found many applications including heterogeneous catalysis due to their highly ordered porous structure, large surface area, and structural flexibility. However, ZIFs are largely utilized as simple hosts or passive media for dispersing other catalytically active species, resembling the roles of zeolites in catalysis. In contrast, our recent findings show that ZIFs not only have broad absorption across the UV-visible and near IR spectral region but also have an exceptionally long-lived excited charge separated state, suggesting that ZIFs may be used as intrinsic light harvesting and photocatalytic materials rather than as inert hosts. This Perspective will focus on the recent progress on the fundamental studies of the intrinsic light absorption, charge separation, and photocatalytic properties of ZIFs and will discuss the outlook for future development.
A clinical scoring system for pediatric hand-foot-mouth disease.

The aim of the present study was to develop a clinical scoring system for the diagnosis of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) with improved accuracy. A retrospective analysis was performed on standardized patient history and clinical examination data obtained from 1435 pediatric patients under the age of three years who presented with acute rash illness and underwent enterovirus nucleic acid detection. Patients were then divided into the HFMD (1094 patients) group or non-HFMD (341 patients) group based on a positive or a negative result from the assay, respectively. We then divided the data into a training set (1004 cases, 70%) and a test set (431 cases, 30%) using a random number method. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on 15 clinical variables (e.g. age, exposure history, number of rash spots in a single body region) to identify variables highly predictive of a positive diagnosis in the training set. Using the variables with high impact on the diagnostic accuracy, we generated a scoring system for predicting HFMD and subsequently evaluated this system in the test set by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Using the logistic model, we identified seven clinical variables (age, exposure history, and rash density at specific regions of the body) to be included into the scoring system. The final scores ranged from − 5 to 24 (higher scores positively predicted HFMD diagnosis). Through our training set, a cutoff score of 7 resulted in a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.68. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.804 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.773–0.835) (P < 0.001). Using the test set, we obtained an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.710–0.810) with a sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.62. These results from the test set were consistent with those from the training set. This study establishes an objective scoring system for the diagnosis of typical and atypical HFMD using measures accessible through routine clinical encounters. Due to the accuracy and sensitivity achieved by this scoring system, it can be employed as a rapid, low-cost method for establishing diagnoses in children with acute rash illness.
The Process of Infection with Bacteriophage ΦX174: VIII. Centrifugal Analysis in Alkaline Media of the RF DNA at Various Stages of Infection

Upon sedimentation, in alkali at low ionic strength of the nucleic acid extracted from ΦX174-infected cells, parental label appears in the 33 s (denatured double-stranded DNA ring), 23 s (native or renatured double-stranded DNA ring) and 14 s (single-stranded DNA ring) infective components. By use of density-labeled parental virus, it is demonstrated that the 23 s component is a double-stranded DNA and that there is a several-fold synthesis of this component during infection. From an analysis of the results at a very early stage of infection, the 23 s component appears to have 1/20 the specific infectivity of the viral DNA. Upon density-gradient equilibrium centrifugation in alkali of the nucleic acid extracted from ΦX-infected cells, parental label can be found, under varying conditions, in all four infective density components. Components ρ-1 and ρ-3 appear to be double-stranded, ρ-2 and ρ-4 to be single-stranded. Formation of the lighter ρ-3 and ρ-4 components is inhibited by chloramphenicol.
Romanticism, Maternity, and the Body Politic: Introduction Naturally bad or dangerously good: Romantic-period mothers “on trial”

[I]n the case of our children we are responsible for the exercise of acknowledged power: a power wide in its extent, indefinite in its effects, and inestimable in its importance. Hannah More, Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education Nature has given women so much power, that law has wisely given them little. Samuel Johnson, “Letter to Dr. Taylor” (18 August 1763) This book deals with the trials and errors of Romantic-period mothers, the politicizing of maternal bodies and the maternalizing of political bodies, and the authoring of mothers and the mothering of texts. In the chapters to follow, I identify abstract theories and material practices associated with motherhood during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and consider especially ways these were negotiated discursively by writers attempting to make legible the seemingly self-disclosing, but often highly mysterious maternal body. My primary concern is to trace ways that writers deployed representations of mother–child bonds as a means to naturalize various constructions of interpersonal and intercultural relations, but I also want to consider some of the fault lines between writing motherhood and reading the bodies of mothers, between books about birth and the birthing of books. I view Romantic writers' treatments of motherhood and maternal bodies especially through the lens of the legal, medical, educational, and socioeconomic debates about motherhood so popular during the period, discussions that rendered the physical processes associated with mothering matters of national importance.
A matrix norm condition for asymptotic stability in the presence of massive transient failures

The asymptotic stability of linear digital systems is examined under conditions of massive transient fault occurrence. It is shown that the usual approach for stability using eigenvalues does not appear suitable for these conditions. A theorem is derived about stability using the norms of the matrix actions on the system.
Relaxation Effects of Chemical Exchange

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Relaxation Under Extremely Rapid Exchange Conditions 3 ‘Two-Site’ Chemical Exchange 4 Relaxation for the Case of Equal Larmor Frequencies 5 Transverse Relaxation for the Case of Unequal Larmor Frequencies 6 ‘Multiple Site’ Chemical Exchange and Transverse Relaxation 7 Preferential Orientation, Exchange, and Order in Aqueous Heterogeneous Systems 8 Effects of Diffusive Exchange in Heterogeneous Systems 9 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Output characteristics of donut shape vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We demonstrated a novel VCSEL structure with a donut shaped active area. The devices exhibit interesting mode characteristics and demonstrate the ability to tailor the mode shape in vertical-cavity lasers. Among other applications the lasers could also be useful for two channel single fiber optical transmission systems.
An Integrator-Based Pipelined ADC With Digital Calibration

A 12-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) uses a first-stage integrator-based open-loop residue amplifier and integrator nonlinearities are foreground calibrated. In the remaining traditional closed-loop stages, gain errors and memory errors are background calibrated. Separate reference voltages are used in the first three ADC stages to reduce interstage coupling. A 0.25- $\mu\mbox{m}$ CMOS prototype dissipates 140 mW and occupies an active area of 5 mm 2. At 40 megasamples/s (40 MS/s) , the calibration improves the spurious-free dynamic range from 51.2 to 95.1 dB and the signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio from 43.7 to 69.0 dB.