cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Omalizumab for treatment of allergic rhinitis

Introduction: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key pathogenic factor of allergic rhinitis, a prevalent disease adversely affecting quality of life and productivity. Areas covered: Binding of inhaled allergens to IgE on the surface of basophils and mast cells, with subsequent cross-linkage of IgE and aggregation of high-affinity receptors for IgE (FcϵRI), triggers the release of inflammatory mediators, followed by the onset of allergic rhinitis symptoms. Current therapeutic strategies include corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, antihistamines and allergen immunotherapy. Removal of circulating free IgE by the recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab (Xolair), represents a novel therapeutic approach. Omalizumab selectively binds to the Cϵ3 domain of IgE at the site of FcϵR1 binding, thus blocking binding of IgE to effector cells. We review omalizumab's clinical efficacy, administration, use with immunotherapy and safety in allergic rhin...
Green Building and Sustainable Infrastructure: Sustainability Education for Civil Engineers

This paper discusses a framework for incorporating sustainable design/thinking as a new civil engineering course and experiences from the pilot offering. Important areas are outlined to aid all engineers in understanding sustainability in context with traditional engineering principles. Green-building rating systems were used to introduce the concepts of sustainability in buildings and infrastructure, highlighted by presentations from green-building professionals. By providing a better understanding of sustainability through education, civil engineers can provide proactive solutions to a growing global infrastructure.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status Measures on Hospital Profiling in New York City

Background— Current 30-day readmission models used by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services for the purpose of hospital-level comparisons lack measures of socioeconomic status (SES). We examined whether the inclusion of an SES measure in 30-day congestive heart failure readmission models changed hospital risk-standardized readmission rates in New York City (NYC) hospitals. Methods and Results— Using a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)-like model, we estimated 30-day hospital-level risk-standardized readmission rates by adjusting for age, sex, and comorbid conditions. Next, we examined how hospital risk-standardized readmission rates changed relative to the NYC mean with inclusion of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)−validated SES index score. In a secondary analysis, we examined whether inclusion of the AHRQ SES index score in 30-day readmission models disproportionately impacted the risk-standardized readmission rates of minority-serving hospitals. Higher AHRQ SES scores, indicators of higher SES, were associated with lower odds (0.99) of 30-day readmission ( P <0.019). The addition of the AHRQ SES index did not change the model’s C statistic (0.63). After adjustment for the AHRQ SES index, 1 hospital changed status from worse than the NYC average to no different than the NYC average. After adjustment for the AHRQ SES index, 1 NYC minority-serving hospital was reclassified from worse to no different than average. Conclusions— Although patients with higher SES were less likely to be admitted, the impact of SES on readmission was small. In NYC, inclusion of the AHRQ SES score in a CMS-based model did not impact hospital-level profiling based on 30-day readmission.
Quantitative-Trait Homozygosity and Association Mapping and Empirical Genomewide Significance in Large, Complex Pedigrees: Fasting Serum-Insulin Level in the Hutterites

We present methods for linkage and association mapping of quantitative traits for a founder population with a large, known genealogy. We detect linkage to quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) through a multipoint homozygosity-mapping method. We propose two association methods, one of which is single point and uses a general two-allele model and the other of which is multipoint and uses homozygosity by descent for a particular allele. In all three methods, we make extensive use of the pedigree and genotype information, while keeping the computations simple and efficient. To assess significance, we have developed a permutation-based test that takes into account the covariance structure due to relatedness of individuals and can be used to determine empirical genomewide and locus-specific P values. In the case of multivariate-normally distributed trait data, the permutation-based test is asymptotically exact. The test is broadly applicable to a variety of mapping methods that fall within the class of linear statistical models (e.g., variance-component methods), under the assumption of random ascertainment with respect to the phenotype. For obtaining genomewide P values, our proposed method is appropriate when positions of markers are independent of the observed linkage signal, under the null hypothesis. We apply our methods to a genome screen for fasting insulin level in the Hutterites. We detect significant genomewide linkage on chromosome 19 and suggestive evidence of QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 16.
The misunderstood limits of folk science: an illusion of explanatory depth

People feel they understand complex phenomena with far greater precision, coherence, and depth than they really do; they are subject to an illusion—an illusion of explanatory depth. The illusion is far stronger for explanatory knowledge than many other kinds of knowledge, such as that for facts, procedures or narratives. The illusion for explanatory knowledge is most robust where the environment supports real-time explanations with visible mechanisms. We demonstrate the illusion of depth with explanatory knowledge in Studies 1–6. Then we show differences in overconfidence about knowledge across different knowledge domains in Studies 7–10. Finally, we explore the mechanisms behind the initial confidence and behind overconfidence in Studies 11 and 12, and discuss the implications of our findings for the roles of intuitive theories in concepts and cognition. © 2002 Leonid Rozenblit. Published by Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Temperature-compensated piezoelectrically actuated Lamé-mode resonators

Electrostatically actuated Lame-mode resonators are known to offer high quality factors (Q) in the low MHz frequency range but require large bias voltages and suffer from low power handling. In this work, we utilize piezoelectric transduction to circumvent the limitations of electrostatic actuation. Silicon dioxide refilled islands, used to achieve temperature compensation, are shown to provide a 20× improvement in the total charge pick-up, enabling piezoelectric actuation of Lame-mode resonators. By optimizing the placement of the oxide-refilled islands and without changing the total oxide volume, the turnover temperature (TOT) can be designed to occur across a wide range from -40°C to +120°C without any significant Q degradation. Using such an approach multiple piezoelectric resonators with different TOTs can be fabricated on a single wafer, enabling multi-resonator systems stable across a wide temperature range.
Experimental isolation of the driver's visual input.

A technique for isolating the operator's visual input is presented. The method involves decreasing the visual field so that the essential information is obtained by the operator in separate visual fixations. A continuous film record is made to indicate the center of visual aim and the content of each fixation. Using this aperture device, visual positional data were obtained on ten drivers on a two-lane low traffic density road. The essential information was found to be the road edges and center lane marker. The manner in which this information was obtained differed from driver to driver. The film records refute the notion that the driver has a fixed point of forward reference, or that a common pattern of viewing is shared by all drivers. The hypothesis is presented that the persistent pattern of fixation movements forward to the limits of the road, and back again to the vehicle are explained by the contradictory requirements of perceptual anticipation and vehicular alignment with the road.
Estimates of North American summertime planetary boundary layer depths derived from space-borne lidar

[1] The planetary boundary layer (PBL) mediates exchanges of energy, moisture, momentum, carbon, and pollutants between the surface and the atmosphere. This paper is a first step in producing a space-based estimate of PBL depth that can be used to compare with and evaluate model-based PBL depth retrievals, inform boundary layer studies, and improve understanding of the above processes. In clear sky conditions, space-borne lidar backscatter is frequently affected by atmospheric properties near the PBL top. Spatial patterns of 5-year mean mid-day summertime PBL depths over North America were estimated from the CALIPSO lidar backscatter and are generally consistent with model reanalyses and AMDAR (Aircraft Meteorological DAta Reporting) estimates. The rate of retrieval is greatest over the subtropical oceans (near 100%) where overlying subsidence limits optically thick clouds from growing and attenuating the lidar signal. The general retrieval rate over land is around 50% with decreased rates over the Southwestern United States and regions with high rates of convection. The lidar-based estimates of PBL depth tend to be shallower than aircraft estimates in coastal areas. Compared to reanalysis products, lidar PBL depths are greater over the oceans and areas of the boreal forest and shallower over the arid and semiarid regions of North America.
Analytical and comparative investigation of 60 GHz wireless channels

This work analytically studies the channel characteristics of 60 GHz wireless communication, particularly from five aspects: path loss, multi-path fading, spatial diversity, peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM and clear channel assessment. This investigation is performed in comparison to the 2.4 GHz wireless system. The observed merits of the 60 GHz wireless channels include: 1) the support of packing a large number of antennas at a transceiver to exploit spatial diversity, 2) light effect from multi-path fading due to its small average fade duration and 3) a fast detection of signals in carrier sense to achieve clear channel assessment. Its weaknesses consists of: 1) large path losses that lead to short communication ranges and 2) high peak-to-average power ratio that increases the cost and complexity in implementing OFDM in transceivers.
Interactive virtual factory for design of a shopfloor using single cluster analysis

An interactive virtual factory testbed was developed as a part of a research to explore the applications of virtual environments (VE) in the area of manufacturing automation. This fully immersive factory built with special attention to details consists of a set of modular machines that a designer can drag and place in the factory to study issues such as plant layout, clusters and part flow analysis. This paper further discusses several computational issues of developing such factories including the scene graph structures, frame based intersection detection and visual realism for creating a reliable virtual interface. Finally, a single cluster analysis algorithm is implemented as an example of applying traditional factory design methods in developing virtual factories of the future.
Patterns of Spread of Disease of the Pelvis and Male Urogenital Organs

The urogenital organs develop from intermediate mesenchyme situated longitudinally in the trunk of an embryo between the splanchnopleuric and somatopleuric mesenchyme.1 2 It bulges into the coelomic cavity forming the medially located genital (or gonadal) ridge and the laterally located nephrogenic ridge on both sides of the gut. The mesenchymal tissues from the two ridges are interrelated to each other during the development.
Application of the Connection Machine to flow and transport problems in three-dimensional heterogeneous aquifers

Abstract This paper explores the possibility of using the Connection Machine CM-2 for three-dimensional groundwater flow and transport problems in randomly heterogeneous aquifers. The steady-state flow problem is discretized using traditional finite differences and a conjugate gradient method is used to solve the resulting algebraic system. The transport problem is solved using the random walk particle tracking method (RWPTM); both reactive and non-reactive transport is examined. Although both methods appear to be well suited for the Connection Machine (CM), the flow problem, as has been demonstrated by other authors, is a clear winner on the CM, achieving speed-ups of close to 3 over the Cray Y-MP (single processor) for some problems. However, the RWPTM does not exhibit good performance because the heterogenity of the problem creates intense interprocessor communication when velocities are assigned to each particle. Because the particle distribution is non-uniform and the velocity field is large, this interprocessor communication is arbitrary. Simple vector valued subscripting was found to perform better than the several more complicated alternatives investigated for this communication step. Although the Cray Y-MP performance for the particle tracking problem was significantly better than the CM, it is nowhere near ideal because perfect vectorization is not achieved due to the large number of conditional statements (or IF statements) in the reactive part of the code.
The zero error capacity of a noisy channel

The zero error capacity C_o of a noisy channel is defined as the least upper bound of rates at which it is possible to transmit information with zero probability of error. Various properties of C_o are studied; upper and lower bounds and methods of evaluation of C_o are given. Inequalities are obtained for the C_o relating to the "sum" and "product" of two given channels. The analogous problem of zero error capacity C_oF for a channel with a feedback link is considered. It is shown that while the ordinary capacity of a memoryless channel with feedback is equal to that of the same channel without feedback, the zero error capacity may be greater. A solution is given to the problem of evaluating C_oF .
Medicine Failure When Complex

Throughout much of history, public health and medicine have been very closely tied and shared the same information. In ancient times, a physician such as Hippocrates would observe both individuals and populations. The data known about people and peoples was carried in his mind, the sum total of what he observed, what he was able to recall, and what he was able to analyze without aid of sophisticated tools.
Effect of Somatostatin and Bombesin on Secretin-Stimulated Ductular Bile Flow in Dogs

The effects of somatostatin and bombesin on the choleresis produced by intraduodenal acid infusion were evaluated in dogs. Because of the documented effect of these agents on hormone release, serum gastrin and plasma secretin levels were monitored. Intraduodenal acid (12 mmol/h) increased bile flow and bile bicarbonate secretion and nearly doubled systemic plasma secretin levels. Bombesin significantly increased the bicarbonate-rich choleresis produced by intraduodenal acid and increased secretin release. Somatostatin inhibited completely the choleresis produced by 12 mmol/h of intraduodenal acid but did not significantly change systemic plasma secretin levels. Subsequent studies evaluated the effects of somatostatin (10 μtg/kg · h) on bile flow and on systemic and portal plasma secretin concentrations stimulated by exogenous secretin administration and intraduodenal acid infusion. These studies demonstrated that somatostatin did not significantly change the choleretic response or the increases in plasma secretin produced by exogenous secretin. During duodenal acid infusion, somatostatin inhibited the choleresis and significantly decreased portal plasma secretin release. Evaluation of the relationship of the increase in bile flow to the increase in portal vein secretin concentrations, as well as comparison of the degree of inhibition of bile flow with the inhibition of secretin release produced by somatostatin, indicates that secretin produces ∼80% of the choleresis produced by acid in the duodenum. Bombesin augments bile flow stimulated by infusion of acid into the duodenum by increasing secretin release, while somatostatin decreases bile flow produced by acid in the duodenum by directly inhibiting the release of secretin from the duodenal mucosa.
Acceptance dependence of fluctuation measures near the QCD critical point

We argue that a crucial determinant of the acceptance dependence of fluctuation measures in heavy-ion collisions is the range of correlations in the momentum space, e.g., in rapidity, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{y}_{\mathrm{corr}}$. The value of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{y}_{\mathrm{corr}}\ensuremath{\sim}1$ for critical thermal fluctuations is determined by the thermal rapidity spread of the particles at freeze-out, and has little to do with position space correlations, even near the critical point where the spatial correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$ becomes as large as 2--3 fm (this is in contrast to the magnitudes of the cumulants, which are sensitive to $\ensuremath{\xi}$). When the acceptance window is large, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}y\ensuremath{\gg}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{y}_{\mathrm{corr}}$, the cumulants of a given particle multiplicity, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{k}$, scale linearly with $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}y$, or mean multiplicity in acceptance, $\ensuremath{\langle}N\ensuremath{\rangle}$, and cumulant ratios are acceptance independent. In the opposite regime, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}y\ensuremath{\ll}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{y}_{\mathrm{corr}}$, the factorial cumulants, ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\kappa}}}_{k}$, scale as ${(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}y)}^{k}$, or ${\ensuremath{\langle}N\ensuremath{\rangle}}^{k}$. We demonstrate this general behavior quantitatively in a model for critical point fluctuations, which also shows that the dependence on transverse momentum acceptance is very significant. We conclude that the extension of rapidity coverage as proposed by the STAR Collaboration should significantly increase the magnitude of the critical point fluctuation signatures.
Radiation Induced Reactions and Fragmentation in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

Recent progress in understanding the structural and mechanistic aspects of radiolysis in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is reviewed, with particular emphasis on ILs serving as replacements for molecular diluents used in nuclear fuel cycle separations.
Historical Development of Belligerent Recognition

The American Revolution which, according to the French Publicist, Martens, “ought to be considered as the most important event of the eighteenth century”1 gave rise to important questions concerning civil strife. Statesmen and publicists were forced to seek answers for these questions.2
SMOKING HABITS AND CHANGES IN SMOKING HABITS AS THEY RELATE TO CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS

The relation of smoking to chronic lung disease has been documented in several studies. Several conclusions have been drawn about the type of smoking associated withdisease, including inhalation, filter tip use, and reduction in smoking. These factors were examined in a community epidemiologic study of chronic obstructive lung diseases. It was found that the community population exhibited greater filter tip use and higher rates of exsmoking than often seen elsewhere. Smoking habits and the changes in smoking habits over time were related to physician-diagnosed emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis, but not asthma. Some relation was seen also with present heart trouble. There was dose-relationship to pack-years of smoking in both present and ex-smokers. There were more ex-smokers among males. Most male ex-smokers quit due to symptoms. Ex-smokers were found to have high rates of diagnosed disease but reduced rates of symptoms. The incidence of diagnosed disease was found to be associated with smoking, both in intensity and duration. Changes in smoking over time were found to be correlated with symptomatology.
Filters With Decreased Passband Error

Most analog low-pass filters consist of poles. Stable causal all-pole filters give a 20-dB/dec asymptotic error $|1-H(s)|$ in the passband. Pole–zero filters are typically used to improve performance around crossover, and shift error between phase and gain, but common causal filter types still give a 20-dB/dec asymptotic error in the passband. This brief describes the theory and practice of a class of filters which can have arbitrarily good asymptotic behavior in the passband. It presents graphical and numerical tools for designing such filters, as well as a number of realizable circuit topologies for robustly implementing this class of filters. Aside from direct applications to the design of filters with asymptotically lower passband error, understanding such filters helps shed light on several unusual phenomena, such as how overshoot can occur in pure RC transmission lines (with driven shielding, but no inductive elements). This brief is presented in the context of low-pass filters but is equally applicable to bandpass and high-pass filters through standard transformations.
Iterative electrodes increase neural recruitment for deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulators require surgical replacement when primary cell batteries are depleted. We designed novel electrode contact geometries based on the principle of iterative element addition as a method of increasing perimeter. Our hypothesis was that these novel, high-perimeter designs would increase surface current density variation and neuronal activation, thus improving stimulation efficiency by decreasing power requirement. Finite element models of iterative electrodes displayed greater surface current density variations on the electrode surface. Subsequent analysis of their activation efficiency when 100 neurons were randomly positioned either parallel or perpendicular to the electrode yielded higher stimulation efficiencies in response to a monophasic cathodic voltage pulse with a pulse width of 100 µs. Recruitment curves showing the percentage of activated axons as a function of stimulation intensity yielded a ∼8% and ∼24% reduction in threshold voltage and a ∼2% and ∼28% reduction in power consumption when nerve fibers were oriented parallel and perpendicular to the electrode, respectively. This heightened efficiency would reduce the frequency of surgical replacements of depleted stimulators, as well as induce fewer side effects associate with high voltage requirement for therapeutic stimulation.
A New Species of Torrubiella on a Spider from the Falkland Islands

1. Brown, C. L., and L. E. Nix. 1975. Uptake and transport of paraquat in slash Ipine. Forest Sci. 21: 359-364. 2. Caulderbank, A. 1968. The bipyridylium herbicides. Advances Pest Control Res. 8: 127-236. 3. Lawlor, D. W. 1970. Absorption of polyethylene glycols by plants and their effects on plant growth. New Phytol. 69: 501-513. 4. Lindgren, R. M. 1942. Temperature, moisture, and penetration studies of wood-staining Ceratostomellae in relation to their control. USDA Techn. Bull. 807: 1-35. 5. Marx, D. H. 1969. The influence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi on the resistance of pine roots to pathogenic infections. I. Antagonism of mycorrhizal fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria. Phytopathology 59: 153-163. 6. Mexal, J., and C. P. P. Reid. 1973. The growth of selected mycorrhizal fungi in response to induced water stress. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 1579-1588. 7. Zak, B. 1972. Flotation of excised root and fungal cultures on liquid media. Canad. J. Microbiol. 18: 536-538.
The upward branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation quantified by tropical stratospheric water vapor and carbon monoxide measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

The vertical distributions of water vapor (H2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the tropical lower stratosphere are controlled largely by their mixing ratios near the tropopause and by ascending motions as part of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC). The upward propagation of seasonal variations imprinted on H2O and CO vertical profiles, often referred to as the tropical “tape recorder,” can be used to derive the mean vertical velocity, w*¯, in this region of the lower stratosphere where quasi-horizontal mixing is not strong enough to erase the seasonal tape recorder signals. We used Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations of the tropical tape recorders from 2004 to 2014 to derive values of w*¯ at pressures between 90 and 16 hPa (about 18 to 28 km altitude). Mean vertical profiles of w*¯ are consistent with calculated velocities derived from net radiative heating rates based on observed temperature, humidity, cloud, and trace gas amounts. Temporal variations in w*¯ are dominated by a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and seasonal cycles, with maximum upwelling coinciding with easterly phases of the QBO in zonal wind shear and during the November–December period of the seasonal cycle. Both the QBO and annual modes emphasize the importance of wave phenomena in modulating the strength of tropical upwelling in the BDC. Interannual anomalies in w*¯ are correlated with variations in the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with enhanced stratospheric upwelling during El Nino phases and reduced upwelling during La Nina. A small decreasing linear trend (~6%/decade) in w*¯ is observed from 2005 to 2014, although confidence is low in identifying such a trend as part of a long-term change due to the influence of ENSO over this period.
Effects of the Heavy Reduction Rolling on the Microstructure and Edge Crack of Casted Magnesium Alloys

The effects of the reduction per pass and the number of rolling passes on edge cracks and microstructure w ere investigated w hen the magnesium AZ31B sheets w ere processed by hot rolling w ith large reduction from slabs. The sheets w ere subjected to tw o-pass or four-pass rolling at 350 ℃. The specimens w ere examined by optical microscopy,edge crack statistic and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that edge cracks appeared w hen the reduction rates reached 37%, and the edge crack depth increased w ith the increase of reduction rate. The tw ins also increased w ith the increase of the reduction rate. When total reduction rate reached 54%,most of part of the microstructure w as completed. When the reduction rate increased further,shear bands appeared. For the rolling w ith 82% total reduction,w hen the rolling pass increased,the level of edge cracks decreased to some extent. Meanw hile,the basal texture changes from tw o basal poles to only one.
V. Confluence of membrane trafficking and motility in epithelial cell models

Migration of epithelial cells occurs in a variety of important biological processes including tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and the metastasis of epithelial tumors. In some instances, the cells remain attached to each other and migrate together as a sheet, maintaining epithelial integrity. In others (e.g., metastasis), junctional complexes are disrupted and cells migrate individually. In both cases, motility involves the extension of membranous protrusions (filopodia and lamellipodia) in the direction of movement and the transient assembly and disassembly of integrin-mediated adhesions with the extracellular matrix. The driving force for these events is provided by regulated changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, which are thought to be coordinated with alterations in intracellular membrane traffic. In this themes article, I review current hypotheses about how these processes are integrated and attempt to identify fruitful areas for future research.
The Complement System: A cascade Foreboding and unharnessed Whose waters run deep

The objections of this discussion are to provide some degree of order and understanding about the complement system and to provide the reader with a format for utilizing this material in the care of children with infection.
The CD22 Epitope, Dose, Dosing Interval, and Timing All Effect Efficacy of Anti-CD22 mAb-Based Therapy of NHL.

Abstract Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has become integral to non-Hodgkins lymphoma therapy. New, clinically effective, anti-NHL mAb may further improve outcomes. CD22 is a B-lymphocyte-specific adhesion molecule on the surface of most NHL, so it is a promising target for immunotherapy. A panel of anti-CD22 mAbs were developed and tested. Anti-CD22 mAbs that bind the two NH2-terminal immunoglobulin domains of CD22 and specifically block the interaction of CD22 with its ligand were identified. CD22-blocking mAbs induce apoptosis in neoplastic B-cells and are functionally distinguishable from other anti-B-cell, and even other anti-CD22 mAbs. MAbs that do not block ligand-binding have only modest functional effects. HB22.7 is the blocking anti-CD22 mAb chosen for study and characterization in a Raji NHL-bearing nude mouse model. The goal of this study was to characterize the dose, route and schedule of administration that can guide the translation of HB22.7 to a clinical trial. In addition to untreated Raji-bearing nude mice, a control, non-blocking mAb (HB22.27) was compared to HB22.7. The non-blocking mAb had minimal pre-clinical efficacy, whereas HB22.7 improved survival and caused substantial tumor shrinkage. Varying doses of HB22.7 were tested; doses greater than 1.4 mg did not further increase efficacy (or toxicity). An important consideration regarding translation of HB22.7 to clinical trials is the size of tumors to be treated. In this study, tumors less than 200 mm3 had a much higher response rate than did larger tumors. Varying schedules of HB22.7 administration (1.4 mg/dose) were tested; one dose every other week was more effective than more or less frequent dosing. Immuno-PET showed that NHL was effectively and specifically targeted when copper-64-labeled HB22.7 was administered either intravenously or subcutaneously. This study provided preclinical data as to a useful dose, route and schedule of administration of the anti-CD22 mAb, HB22.7
Toxicology testing in neonates. Is it ethical, and what does it mean?

Maternal substance abuse during pregnancy continues to be a problem in the 1990s, and newborns exposed to illicit substances in utero are at high risk for needing neonatal intensive care. As well, these infants may have long-term neurodevelopmental and educational problems. This article reviews the multiplicity of problems in these mother-infant pairs and examines the ethical issues involved in toxicology screening of newborns in neonatal intensive care nurseries. General guidelines for comprehensive evaluation and discharge planning of these infants are offered.
Multiple parallel twinning overgrowth in nanostructured dense cobalt ferrite

Abstract Cobalt ferrite powders were synthesized by solid state reaction of the nanosized oxides at different temperatures. The highly aggregated powders were milled, and the aggregate size was reduced from 25 – 40 μm to 12–20 μm, depending on the milling time. A correlation between milling media diameter and final granulometry, and an unexpected calcination temperature effect on the milling efficiency were found. Highly homogenous green bodies and fully dense materials were produced for the first time after conventional sintering. The crystallite size depends primarily on the heating conditions and decreases from 50 – 70 nm to 27–13 nm. Under the same sintering conditions, particle morphology and crystallite size control the final grain shape, producing twinned grains with increased multiple parallel twinning overgrowth for the finer powders. The sintered cobalt ferrite ceramics show a relative density of 96–99%. The higher the planar faults density and grain size, the lower is the induced magnetization due to increased domain walls pinning. The variation of initial susceptibility was explained by extending the Globus model to the case where the domain walls are pinned at twinning boundaries. A linear correlation between multiparallel-twinned grains fraction and initial susceptibility was found.
Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation

The provision of anesthesia for a liver transplant program requires a dedicated team of anesthesiologists. Liver transplant anesthesiologists must have an understanding of liver physiology and anatomy; the spectrum of clinical disease associated with liver dysfunction; the impact of warm and cold ischemia times, surgical techniques in liver transplantation, and the impact of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome; and optimal practices to protect the liver. The team must provide a 24-hour service, be actively involved in the selection committee process, and stay current with advances in the subspecialty.
Europa's surface composition from near‐infrared observations: A comparison of results from linear mixture modeling and radiative transfer modeling

Quantitative estimates of the abundance of surface materials and of water ice particle grain sizes at five widely separated locations on the surface of Europa have been obtained by two independent methods in order to search for possible discrepancies that may be attributed to differences in the methods employed. Results of radiative transfer (RT) compositional modeling (also known as intimate mixture modeling) from two prior studies are here employed without modification. Areal (or “checkerboard”) mixture modeling, also known as linear mixture (LM) modeling, was performed to allow direct comparisons. The failure to model scattering processes (whose effects may be strongly nonlinear) in the LM approach is recognized as a potential source of errors. RT modeling accounts for nonlinear spectral responses due to scattering, but is subject to other uncertainties. By comparing abundance estimates for H2SO4•nH2O and water ice, obtained through both methods as applied to identical spectra, we may gain some insight into the importance of ‘volume scattering’ effects for investigations of Europa's surface composition. We find that both methods return similar abundances for each location analyzed; linear correlation coefficients of ≥ 0.98 are found between the derived H2SO4•nH2O and water ice abundances returned by both methods. We thus find no evidence of a significant influence of volume scattering on the compositional solutions obtained by LM modeling for these locations. Some differences in the results obtained for water ice grain sizes are attributed to the limited selection of candidate materials allowed in the RT investigations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Neurotoxicity of digitoxin in adult and newborn rats: drug distribution

Electrocardiographic monitoring of adult and 1 week old (newborn) rats during severe acute digitoxin toxicity demonstrated a lack of acrdiotoxicity despite marked neurotoxicity in both age groups. To examine the possibility that drug disposition is a factor in the unusual digitoxin sensitivity of newborn rats, 3H-digitoxin distribution in liver, heart, brain, kidney, adrenal, blood and fat was compared in 1 and 3 week old (weanling) rats at 2, 12 and 24 hr. H3-label was rapidly sequestered by the liver in weanlings but not in newborn rats. Newborns had significantly higher concentrations of 3H-substance in all other organs, particularly in brain (greater than 25% of the administered dose at 24 hr), indicating a cerebrotoxic basis for the newborn's sensitivity to digitoxin. Only trace amounts of 3H-substance were recovered from adult rat brain during severe neurotoxicity (72 hr) suggesting that digitoxin metabolites may be potent cerebrotoxins. Extremely high adrenal concentrations were noted in all animals.
Combined Therapy with Alemtuzumab and Pentostatin Is Feasible and Effective in T- Lymphoprolifertive Disorders.

Abstract Mature T-cell lymphoid neoplasms are clonal proliferation of post-thymic T-cells, which are generally refractory to traditional chemotherapy regimens. The prognosis for most patients with these disorders, particularly those with relapsed disease, is poor. New treatment strategies are urgently needed. Alemtuzumab and pentostatin have been used as single agents in various T-cell neoplasms with response rates of up to 75% and 50%, respectively. Immunosuppression and opportunistic infections are the principal overlapping toxicities. We have treated 9 patients with T-lymphoid malignancies (5 T-PLL, 1 ATL, 1 γδ-T-cell hepatosplenic lymphoma, 2 T-LGL) on a phase II study of alemtuzumab 30 mg IV three times weekly for up to 3 months with concomitant pentostatin 4 mg/m2 weekly x 4 followed by alternate weekly administration for up to 6 months. Prophylactic antibiotics including valcyclovir, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and fluconazole were administered during therapy and for 2 months after completion. Median age of patients was 57 years (range 25–80 years), median WBC was 78.5 x 109/L (range 0.7 – 279.5 x109/L), median serum β2M was 4.1 mg/L (2.7 – 10.8 mg/L). Six patients had splenomegaly (1 – 6 cm), and 3 lymphadenoapthy. Six had received prior therapy (median 5, range 1 to 6 regimens). To date, 6 of 8 evaluable patients have responded (5 CR, 1PR). One patient who had failed both single agent pentostatin and single agent alemtuzumab achieved CR with the combination. Monoclonal T-cell receptor gamma chain gene rearrangements were detected by PCR in all patients and became negative in 3 of 5 evaluable responding patients. Median response duration is 5+ months (range 2 – 6+ months). Two patients proceeded to an allogeneic stem cell transplant, 2 (1 with ATL and 1 with T-LGL) have died from disease progression after a response, 2 are alive and disease-free, and 2 were refractory to therapy. Opportunistic infections have included reactivation of CMV and HSV in one patient, recurrence of pre-existing Serratia pneumonia in 1 patient and Aspergillus pneumonia in 1 patient. We conclude that the combination of alemtuzumab and pentostatin is effective in T-cell neoplasms; infections can be prevented with prophylactic antibiotic therapy and close monitoring of patients.
Murine Cytomegalovirus Encodes Proteins that Regulate Viral Late Transcription

OF THE DISSERTATION Murine Cytomegalovirus Encodes Proteins that Regulate Viral Late Transcription by Travis James Chapa Doctor of Philosophy in Biology and Biomedical Sciences Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Washington University in St. Louis, 2014 Professor Anthony French, Chair Professor Dong Yu, Co-Chair Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a Beta-herpesvirus that causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals (including AIDS patients), and is the leading viral cause of congenital birth defects. Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is the primary surrogate model for HCMV, and resembles the human virus with respect to virion structure, genome organization, gene expression, tissue tropism, and clinical manifestations. In my graduate studies, I discovered the function of two novel MCMV proteins during in vitro infection. I demonstrated that ORF M79 encoded protein pM79, and ORF M92 encoded protein pM92. Both pM79 and pM92 have homologs in HCMV, and I showed that they regulate late viral gene transcription. During infection, a mutant virus for either M79 or M92 accumulated representative viral immediate early gene products, early gene products, and viral DNA sufficiently but had severe reduction in the accumulation of late gene products, thus unable to produce infectious progeny. Analysis of the viral transcriptome via tiled array and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that many late transcripts sensitive to a viral DNA synthesis inhibitor (phosphonoacetic acid) were markedly reduced by pM79 or pM92 mutation. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis revealed the interactions between pM92 and pM79, and suggests that they are part of a larger virus transcription complex. A colleague demonstrated that this function was conserved in the HCMV homolog pUL79, and I showed that pM92 expression in trans could complement the growth defect of pUL92 deficient HCMV. My work was the first evidence of this regulatory complex in MCMV. This complex represents a potential new
Abstract IA06: [Advocate Abstract:] A Tale of Two Cases

Breast Cancer is the most common type amongst women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. We know from research that the relative 5 year survival rate for women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer is 98% compared to 23% for late stage. Disparities in cancer come in many shapes and forms and research has shown that they can affect outcomes. The three common types of disparities are: low socioeconomic status; cultural issues, and social biases. These are not exclusive of each other, and often appear in combination. In South Florida we are blessed with a diverse community with Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, and people of Caribbean background, creating a rich cultural ambience. These cultures and ethnicities have many common characteristics such as the love and support of family, beautiful music and delicious foods. Unfortunately, they also have a high incidence of low socioeconomic status, high incident of advanced cancer at diagnosis, and high mortality rate from a diagnosis of cancer. There are important lessons that can be learned from the rich and unique character of breast cancer care in South Florida. Citation Format: Mayra A. Lima. [Advocate Abstract:] A Tale of Two Cases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.
Herpes simplex transmission to chest and face through autoinoculation in an infant.

A 4-month-old female infant presented with a vesicular lesion on her left hand present since 1 day. A few days prior to presentation, she had a similar lesion on the lower lip. Two days after presentation, she returned with new lesions on her thorax and upper eyelid. PCR of the vesicle was positive for herpes simplex virus type 1. The transmission to her chest and face probably resulted from autoinoculation, caused by rubbing of the hand on other parts of the body. Transmission of herpes simplex through skin-to-skin contact is a common route of infection in people engaging in contact sports. Antiviral therapy was started because of the extensiveness and expansion of lesions and risk of developing herpetic keratitis. The patient completely recovered. This case shows that in an otherwise healthy infant, multiple herpetic skin lesions were not due to disseminated infection, but through autoinoculation.
Satisfaction With Life Over Time in People With Burn Injury: A National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System Study.

Abstract Objective To examine trajectories of satisfaction with life (SWL) of burn survivors over time and their clinical, demographic, and other predictors. Design Longitudinal survey. Setting Not applicable. Participants Individuals ≥18 years of age who underwent burn-related surgery and met one of the following criteria: (1) >10% total body surface area (TBSA) burn and ≥65 years of age; (2) >20% TBSA burn and 18 to 64 years of age; (3) electrical high voltage/lightning injury; or (4) burn injury to the hands, face, or feet. The participants (N=378) had data on all variables of interest and were included in the analyses. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Satisfaction With Life Scale. Results Growth mixture modeling identified 2 classes with different trajectories of SWL. The mean SWL of the unchanged class (n=224, 60%) was flat over 2 years with high initial SWL scores. The SWL of the dissatisfied class (n=154, 40%) was at the low end of average and got progressively worse over time. Conclusions SWL after burn injury can be described by 2 different trajectories with substantially different outcomes. Older age, worse mental health, and unemployment prior to injury predicted membership in the dissatisfied class. Additional services could be provided to those at high risk for low SWL to achieve better outcomes.
Targeted Therapy for Cancer: The Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Model

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are unique tumors, arising largely due to oncogenic mutations in KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinases. Although surgery remains the most effective treatment, the remarkable clinical success achieved with kinase inhibition has made GIST one of the most successful examples of targeted therapy for the treatment of cancer. The insight gained from this approach has allowed a deeper understanding of the molecular biology driving kinase dependent cancers, and the adaptations to kinase inhibition, linking genotype to phenotype. Mutation tailored kinase inhibition with second generation TKI's, and combination immunotherapy to harness the effects of TKIs remain exciting areas of investigation.
Perspectives on Autonomy – Exploring Future Applications and Implications for Safety Critical Domains

As the sophistication and feasibility of implementing highly automated and autonomous technologies increases, the way in which the human element interacts and contributes to achieve a system’s goals continues to transform. The role of the human, including their required training, competencies and work tasks within complex socio-technical systems is therefore constantly being redefined by technological advancement. This study explores the potential effects of autonomous technologies on future work organization and evolving roles of humans within maritime industries. Ten Subject-Matter Experts working within industry and academia were interviewed to elicit their perspectives on the current state and future implications of autonomous technologies in the maritime domain. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and assessed using Thematic Analysis. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: (i) Trust, (ii) Awareness & Understanding, (iii) Control, (iv) Training and Organization of Work. A fuzzier fifth theme also emerged from the data analysis: (v) Practical Implementation Considerations, which encompassed various sub-topics related to the realities of real-world implementation of autonomous ships and shipping, including regulatory, security and economic issues. The results provide valuable input and perspective of autonomous systems and the future organization of complex safety-critical systems, including the role of humans in ever evolving and increasingly technology-oriented operations.
Retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyomata in a woman with history of breast cancer and antiestrogen therapy.

e22542Background: Retroperitoneal lipo-leiomyomata are extremely rare. The usual-type retroperitoneal leiomyoma is itself a rare tumor that is mistaken preoperatively for malignant retroperitoneal ...
Stable Teamwork Marriages in Healthcare: Applying Machine Learning to Surgeon-Nurse-Patient Matching:

Hospitals are plagued with a multitude of logistical challenges amplified by a time-sensitive and high intensity environment. These conditions have resulted in burnout among both doctors and nurses...