cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital electronics with microprocessor applications

A textbook for courses in digital electronics and microprocessors offered in departments of electrical engineering technology or computer science. The book covers the basics of digital logic design and the design of microprocessor-based systems. Also covered are computer fundamentals and microprocessor hardware and software (8085), with many programming examples. The text describes most important available microprocessors, with laboratory exercises, instructional objectives and self-evaluation questions.
Das Abschneiden beitragsabhängiger und steuerfinanzierter Rentenprogramme der sozialen Sicherheit in Zentralamerika und die Auswirkungen der globalen Krise

Auszug In den letzten 30 Jahren war Lateinamerika Vorreiter bei strukturellen Rentenreformen. Dieser Artikel betrachtet eine reprasentative regionale Auswahl von sieben Staaten Zentralamerikas mit unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsniveaus (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua und Panama) und untersucht beitragsabhangige und steuerfinanzierte Renten sowie jungste Rentenreformen. Er vergleicht das Abschneiden der Systeme nach funf Prinzipien der sozialen Sicherheit: Einheitlichkeit; universeller Deckung; Angemessenheit der Leistungen; gleicher Behandlung, Solidaritat und Geschlechterneutralitat sowie finanzieller Tragfahigkeit. Auch die Auswirkungen der globalen Krise auf die untersuchten Rentensysteme werden analysiert, wobei zwischen offentlichen und privaten Renten unterschieden wird. Zum Schluss werden Lehren daraus gezogen und Strategien fur die Zukunft vorgeschlagen.
Steroid hydroxylations. I

Incubation of progesterone with gonadal tissue leads in part to 17-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one, and 17,20α-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one. The biosynthetic pathway for the 17α,20α-diol was determined and a biologic role for this compound was investigated. 17-Hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione-414C and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one-4-14C were incubated with minced sow ovary to determine if both of these compounds could serve as precursors of 17,20α-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one-4-14C. The experiments demonstrate that the sequence of reactions is 17α-hydroxylation followed by 20-keto reduction. Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione does not arise from the desmolase action on 17,20α-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one.
Sustainable Rice Culture in Asia

Japan has engaged in rice farming since 300 BCE. The rice farmers are highly respected as an integral part of the Japanese cultural tradition. Soon after the end of the second world war, farming cooperatives were established to ensure the livelihood of the rice farming community. This has been achieved through high tariff walls among other forms of protectionism. With the Trans Pacific Partnership under negotiation, the farming sector must reduce their tariffs. Herein, suggestions are made as to how the rice farming industry can be sustainable if and when the tariff walls are reduced.
Shoulder and Elbow Joint Angle Tracking With Inertial Sensors

Wearable inertial systems have recently been used to track human movement in and outside of the laboratory. Continuous monitoring of human movement can provide valuable information relevant to individuals’ level of physical activity and functional ability. Traditionally, orientation has been calculated by integrating the angular velocity from gyroscopes. However, a small drift in the measured velocity leads to increasing integration error over time. To compensate that drift, complementary data from accelerometers are normally fused into tracking systems using the Kalman or extended Kalman filter. In this study, we combine kinematic models designed for control of robotic arms with state-space methods to continuously estimate the angles of human shoulder and elbow using two wearable inertial measurement units. We use the unscented Kalman filter to implement the nonlinear state-space inertial tracker. Shoulder and elbow joint angles obtained from 8 subjects using our inertial tracker were compared to the angles obtained from an optical-tracking reference system. On average, there was an RMS angle error of less than 8 $^\circ$ for all shoulder and elbow angles. The average correlation coefficient for all movement tasks among all subjects was $r\ge \hbox{0.95}$ . This agreement between our inertial tracker and the optical reference system was obtained for both regular and fast-speed movement of the arm. The same method can be used to track movement of other joints.
The propagation of wrinkled premixed flames in spatially periodic shear flow

A fully nonlinear evolution equation governing the propagation of a premixed flame through a large-scale spatially periodic shear flow is derived, and steady-state solutions are obtained numerically. The gas density is assumed to be constant across the flame, but the local normal burning speed is allowed to vary with the local strain and curvature along the flame front in order to investigate the influence of the length scale of the external flow on the average propagation speed of the wrinkled flame. At fixed values of the amplitude of the flow-field variations an increase in the length scale (relative to the flame thickness) is found to result in an increase in the average flame propagation speed, in accordance with the predictions of earlier theoretical investigations and with experimental observations for the regime of large-scale turbulence. The propagation speed of the wrinkled flame is calculated to exhibit the experimentally observed bending effect, the tendency of the rate of change of the burning velocity to decrease with increasing turbulence intensity at low fixed turbulence Reynolds numbers. It is shown also how the average flame speed depends on the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal length scale associated with the periodic flow.
Absorption and Excretion of Terramycin in Humans Comparison with Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol.

SummaryA study has been made of the absorption, distribution, and urinary excretion of terramycin, aureomycin, and chloramphenicol in humans. The determinations of absorption and excretion of aureomycin and chloramphenicol following a single oral dose of drug were made in the same subjects. All 3 drugs were readily absorbed after oral administration. The maximum serum concentrations attained after oral doses of 50 mg per kilo were 25 to 50 μg per ml for chloramphenicol, 12 to 16 μg per ml for terramycin, and 3.3 to 12.5 μg per ml for aureomycin. Reasonably high serum concentrations of all 3 drugs were maintained with daily doses of 50 to 100 mg per kilo by mouth. Measurable concentrations of the compounds were obtained in the cerebrospinal fluid and in other body fluids when sufficiently large doses of the drugs had been administered. Urinary excretion of the 3 substances in biologically active form was similar, and high concentrations of drug were attained in the urine.
A note on nonlinear competition models

Abstract The Lotka-Volterra model of competition may be globally valid, or it may be used to represent a more complicated model near its point of equilibrium. Transformation equations are derived that change more complicated sets of differential equations to equations of the Lotka-Volterra form that are accurate near equilibrium. It is shown that the parameters of such transformed models lose their biological significance. This necessitates reinterpretation of the stability rule that Gause and Witt derived for the Lotka-Volterra equations.
A Crystalline Phosphinyl Radical Cation

One-electron oxidation of a readily available phosphaalkene derived from a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene affords a phosphorus-centered radical cation that is indefinitely stable both in solution and in the solid state, allowing a single X-ray diffraction study to be performed. This species can be regarded as a phosphinyl radical bearing a cationic substituent or, alternatively, as a carbene-stabilized phospheniumyl radical (carbene−RP+•).
Growth of Polythiophene/Perylene Tetracarboxydiimide Donor/Acceptor Shish-Kebab Nanostructures by Coupled Crystal Modification

Self-assembled crystalline organic nanostructures containing electron donor and acceptor materials hold promise as building blocks for photovoltaic devices. We show that coupled crystallization of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and perylene tetracarboxydiimide (PDI) induced by solvent evaporation, wherein both components modify crystallization of the other, gives rise to donor/acceptor "shish-kebabs" with tunable nanostructures. P3HT kinetically stabilizes supersaturated solutions of PDI and modifies the growth of PDI crystals, leading to formation of extended PDI shish nanowires that in turn serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for fibrillar P3HT kebabs during solvent casting. The dimensions of these nanostructures can be tailored through variations in donor/acceptor ratio or solvent quality, and the method is shown to be general to several other poly(3-alkyl thiophenes) and perylene derivatives, thus providing a simple and robust route to form highly crystalline nanophase separated organic donor/acceptor assemblies.
High-Frequency Heat Flux Sensor Calibration and Modeling

A new method of in-situ heat flux gage calibration is evaluated for use in convective facilities with high heat transfer and fast time response. A Heat Flux Microsensor (HFM) was used in a shock tunnel to simultaneously measure time-resolved surface heat flux and temperature from two sensors fabricated on the same substrate. A method is demonstrated for estimating gage sensitivity and frequency response from the data generated during normal transient test runs. To verify heat flux sensitivity, shock tunnel data are processed according to a one-dimensional semi-infinite conduction model based on measured thermal properties for the gage substrate. Heat flux signals are converted to temperature, and vice versa. Comparing measured and calculated temperatures allows an independent calibration of sensitivity for each data set. The results match gage calibrations performed in convection at the stagnation point of a free jet and done by the manufacturer using radiation. In addition, a finite-difference model of the transient behavior of the heat flux sensor is presented to demonstrate the first-order response to a step input in heat flux. Results are compared with shock passing data from the shock tunnel. The Heat Flux Microsensor recorded the heat flux response with an estimated time constant of 6 μs, which demonstrates a frequency response covering DC to above 100 kHz.
Optimal structural design for given deflection

Es wird ein Prinzip der stationaren gegenseitigen potentiellen Energie aufgestellt fur zwei Belastungssysteme eines elastischen Balkens veranderlicher Biegesteifigkeit. Aus diesem Prinzip wird eine hinreichende Bedingung fur stationares Gewicht eines Sandwichbalkens abgeleitet, wenn die von einer Belastung an einem bestimmten Querschnitt erzeugte Durchbiegung vorgeschrieben ist. Fur statisch bestimmte Balken wird gezeigt, dass diese Bedingung ein globales Minimum des Gewichts sicherstellt. Anwendungsbeipiele und Erweiterungen werden besprochen.
Analyses of inks and papers in historical documents through external beam PIXE techniques

Abstract PIXE analyses of documents can be carried out to high sensitivity in an external beam configuration designed to protect historical materials from damage. Test runs have shown that a properly designed system with high solid angle can operate at less than 1% of the flux necessary to cause any discoloration whatsoever on papers of the 17th and 18th centuries. The composition of these papers is suprisingly complex, yet retains distinct association with the historical period, paper source, and even the individual sheets of paper that are folded and cut to make groups of pages. Early studies are planned on historical forgeries.
Income, economic satisfaction, and stress in two-generational farm families

This descriptive research study explores the relationship between income, economic satisfaction and stress in two-generation farm and ranch families. The sample is composed of 102 fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters-in-law in 25 Montana farm and ranch families. According to the data collected in a mailed questionnaire in the spring of 1984, economic satisfaction is negatively correlated with general stress for the older generation and with stress emanating from stressors common in two-generation family farm operation for the younger generation. Income is significantly correlated with stress for fathers, mothers, and sons, but not for daughters-in-law, and is a greater source of stress for sons than for any other family member. However, the correlations are not always in the expected direction. Application of these findings for professionals and implications for future research are discussed.
Association between elder abuse and use of ED: findings from the Chicago Health and Aging Project

Abstract Purpose This study aims to quantify the relationship between overall elder abuse and specific subtypes of elder abuse and rate of emergency department (ED) utilization in a community-dwelling population. Methods A population-based study is conducted in Chicago of community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Of the 6674 participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project, 106 participants were reported to a social services agency for suspected elder abuse. The primary predictor was elder abuse reported to a social services agency. The outcome of interest was the annual rate of ED utilization obtained from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Poisson regression models were used to assess these longitudinal relationships. Results The average annual rate of ED visits for those without elder abuse was 0.7(1.4) and, for those with reported elder abuse, was 2.1(3.2). After adjusting for sociodemographics, socioeconomic variables, medical comorbidities, cognitive and physical function, and psychosocial wellbeing, older adults who have been abused had higher rates of ED utilization (RR, 2.33 [1.60-3.38]). Psychological abuse (RR, 1.98[1.29-3.00]), financial exploitation (RR, 1.59 [1.01-2.52]) and caregiver neglect (RR, 2.04 [1.38-2.99]) were associated with increased rates of ED utilization, after considering the same confounders. Interaction terms suggest the association between elder abuse and ED utilization is not mediated through medical comorbidities, cognitive and functional impairment, or psychosocial distress. Conclusion Elder abuse was associated with increased rates of ED utilization in this community population. Specific subtypes of elder abuse had differential association with increased rate of ED utilization.
College Student Retention: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Purpose in Life Among College Students

We investigated the association between Frankl’s (1985, 1988) construct of purpose in life with Bandura’s (1977, 1997) theory of self-efficacy as a possible predictor of students who may be at risk for leaving school. For this study, 344 undergraduate college students (233 females, 111 males; 76% White/Caucasian, 10% Asian American/Asian, 7% African American/African, 5% multiracial/multicultural or other, 2% non-White/Hispanic; 79% freshmen, 13% sophomores, 4% juniors, 3% seniors, 1% unspecified grade/year level) completed the Purpose in Life Test, Part A (Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1964); the College Self-Efficacy Inventory (Solberg, O’Brien, Villarreal, Kennel, & Davis, 1993); the Scale of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy (Smith & Betz, 2000); the General Self-Efficacy Subscale of the Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al., 1982); and finally, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Crowne & Marlow, 1960). All of the variables of self-efficacy were significantly ( p < .01) and positively correlated with purpose in life. Regression analysis revealed that general self-efficacy was the most significant predictor of Purpose in Life scores. The current study lends support to the idea of creating interventions based on self-efficacy theory in order to positively influence students’ subjective sense of purpose in life for the purpose of improving college student retention.
Whistleblowing in Public Accounting: Influence of Identity Disclosure, Situational Context, and Personal Characteristics

ABSTRACT: Public accounting firms rely on effective reporting of unethical behavior (whistleblowing) as a form of corporate governance. This study presents results from a survey of 122 in‐charge level auditors, who indicated their likelihood of internal whistleblowing under three forms of identity disclosure for three independent scenarios. Reporting likelihood was significantly lower under a disclosed identity format, while there was no significant difference in likelihood between anonymous and protected identity formats. Contrasts reveal a significantly higher likelihood of reporting audit standards violations than a professional code violation. Likelihood was also positively related to measures of trust that the firm would investigate and act on the reported incident. Personal characteristics (i.e., locus of control and ethical style) were significant antecedents to whistleblowing intentions. Findings should aid public accounting firms and organizational governance researchers in their understanding of...
Light Scattering above the Nematic-to-Smectic-C Transition

The behavior of the bend elastic constant above the nematic-to-smectic-$C$ transition in $\overline{7}\mathrm{S}5$ is found to follow the prediction of Chen and Lubensky. The nature of the director fluctuations in $\overline{7}\mathrm{S}5\ensuremath{-}\overline{8}\mathrm{S}5$ mixtures indicates that the nematic-to-smectic-$C$ transition near the nematic-smectic-$A$---smectic-$C$ multicritical point exhibits both smectic layer and tilt fluctuations and is not adequately described by existing models.
Presistent joint symptoms associated with HPV-77DK12 rubella vaccine

The incidence and duration of joint complications were investigated in 2989 children who received the HPV-77DK12 rubella vaccine. Two hundred eighty-seven (287) children experienced joint symptoms within 45 days after vaccination. Two hundred twenty-five (225) of these children were contacted 6 months later and three were found to have had recurrences of symptoms. Histories, physical examinations, and serologic studies were conducted on 11 children, including three from the study group, who manifested recurrent joint symptoms 6–9 months after receiving the dog kidney rubella vaccine. In all cases the original and the recurrent symptoms were in the knees. Symptomatic episodes were 1–4 days in duration and were characterized by pain and limitation of knee extension. On examination of the knees, abnormalities were observed in 5 children. These included limitation of motion, mild tenderness or swelling, and in two cases, synovial thickening. Two other children had reactive tests for rheumatoid factor. The mean rubella HI titer 6–9 months after vaccination was 1:66 among the 11 children with recurrent symptoms. This was lower but not significantly different from the mean HI titer (1:27) of sera collected at the same time from 18 children who had joint symptoms only during the first 45 days following vaccination. Recurrent joint symptoms may rarely be observed following administration of HPV-77DK12, rubella vaccine. Serologic studies failed to distinguish children with recurrent joint symptoms from controls.
Probing the light pseudoscalar window

Very light pseudoscalars can arise from the symmetry-breaking sector in many extensions of the standard model. If their mass is below 200 MeV, they can be long-lived and have interesting phenomenology. We discuss the experimental constraints on several models with light pseudoscalars, including one in which the pseudoscalar is naturally fermiophobic. Taking into account the stringent bounds from rare K and B decays, we find allowed parameter space in each model that may be accessible in direct production experiments. In particular, we study the photoproduction of light pseudoscalars at Jefferson Lab and conclude that a beam dump experiment could explore some of the allowed parameter space of these models.
Molecular Chaperones and the Centrosome A ROLE FOR TCP-1 IN MICROTUBULE NUCLEATION

Molecular chaperones play an important role in facilitating the proper maturation of many newly synthesized proteins. Here we provide evidence that molecular chaperones also participate in regulating the assembly of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Via indirect immunofluorescence analysis, both hsp 73 and TCP-1 localized within the centrosome in interphase and mitotic cells. These proteins, along with the centrosome-specific protein, pericentrin, were also present within an enriched preparation of centrosomes. Because the centrosome serves as an initiation site for microtubule growth, we examined the ability of cells to regrow their microtubule network in the presence of hsp 73 or TCP-1 specific antibodies. Purified tubulin and GTP were added to cells following the depolymerization and extraction of cellular microtubules. Microtubules were observed to nucleate off the centrosome using this system, even in the presence of anti-hsp 73 antibodies. Incubation with anti-TCP-1 antibodies, however, blocked microtubule regrowth off the centrosome. Similarly, anti-TCP-1 antibodies microinjected into living cells first treated with nocodazole also inhibited the regrowth of the microtubule network following removal of the microtubule poison. Our results complement earlier genetic studies in yeast implicating a role for TCP-1 in microtubule mediated processes, and may help to explain the previously reported mitotic and meiotic abnormalities associated with TCP-1 mutations.
Fatty Acid Composition of the Inner and Outer Layers of Porcine Backfat as Affected by Energy Level, Sex and Sire

SUMMARY— The effects of energy level, sex and sire upon the fatty acid composition of porcine fackfat were studied in two separate experiments. In both experiments, the inner layer of backfat consistently contained more total saturated fatty acids, primarily accounted for by stearic acid, and contained less palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acids than the outer layer. None of the variables in either experiment significantly (P >.0.5) affected the differences between layers. In Experiment 1, energy levels below 80% of full feed significantly (P .05) from full-fed pigs. Backfat from spayed gilts had significantly (P < .01) less linoleic acid than that from boars or barrows, while boars had a significantly (P < .01) higher content of linoleic acid than the other sexes. In Experiment 1, the backfat from barrows contained significantly (P < .01) more stearic acid than that from gilts. The data from both experiments indicated that sire significantly (P < .01) affected the linoleic acid content of the backfat, while the results of Experiment 2 also showed significant (P < .01) sire effects upon the palmitic, palmitoleic, and stearic acid contents.
Quantitative texture measurements of YBCO films on various substrates

Abstract X-ray pole figure measurements are used to investigate epitaxial relations of thin polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films on various single-crystal substrates. Films of YBCO were deposited at various temperatures by laser ablation. Basically two orientations were identified, one with the c axes of YBCO normal to the film (C) and one with the a axes of YBCO normal to the film (A). Detailed two-dimensional scans are used not only to establish quantitative ratios between orientations but also to determine overall crystallinity. In general the C orientation is dominant at high deposition temperatures and in thin films, whereas the A orientation prevails at low temperatures and in thicker films. The A—C transition can be well documented in films deposited on (001) LaAlO3 at various temperatures. On (001) MgO and YZr2O substrates and at higher temperature, a subsidiary orientation is observed with the c axes parallel to the film but the a axes rotated 45° so that they are parallel to the [110] of the substrate. High crystallinity and dominating C orientations are present for films on CeO2 coated (012) α-Al2O3. In the case of a thick film on YZr2O the effect of a layered structure on diffraction intensities is documented with C orientations underneath a layer of A orientations. In comparison with orientation determinations by transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction or X-ray Laue patterns, X-ray texture analysis as described here provides a quantitative volume average of orientations which is representative of selected regions of the material and can be related to macroscopic properties.
A parametric study of process parameters in external thread rolling

Abstract This paper summarizes the results of a numerical study conducted to analyze the effect of selected process parameters on material flow and thread profile in external thread rolling of large diameter blanks. Based on the previous work where a plane strain model was found to provide a reasonable approximation of the thread rolling process, the effect of varying thread form, friction factor, flow stress, and blank diameter on effective strain and thread height was analyzed using the finite element code DEFORM. The results of the study show that for the range of conditions considered, that blank diameter had little effect on the as-rolled thread while flow stress (K and n), friction factor, and thread form all had significant impact on effective strain at the thread root and crest and the achievable thread height. While the rate of work hardening was found to have an effect on the crest profile, the results indicate that it is not the primary factor responsible for seam formation in rolled threads.
A comparison of the efficacy of pulsed mechanical lavage with that of rubber-bulb syringe irrigation in removal of debris from avulsive wounds.

Abstract A study of the efficacy of different tips and delivery pressures in the removal of iron filings from avulsive wounds with pulsed mechanical lavage indicates that, with a multijet tip, the pulsed-lavage device removed significantly more iron filings as the delivery pressure was increased progressively from 25 to 60 p.s.i. and from 60 to 90 p.s.i. However, when equal amounts of solution and equal delivery pressure were used, there was no significant difference between the quantities of iron filings removed by pulsed-stream and constant-stream irrigation.
Shape dynamics in anisotropically strained two-dimensional self-assembling systems

We analyze the evolution of equilibrium and growth shapes of anisotropically strained two-dimensional self-assembled structures using a dynamic growth model. As examples of such structures, we study the shapes of nanowires grown heteroepitaxially on cubic (001) surfaces and monolayer islands or stress domains grown homoepitaxially on Si(001) surface. In the former case, the anisotropy in the mismatch strain in the two principal directions is large, while in the latter case, the principal components of the strain are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. In the case of nanowires, we find that the slow kinetics of growth limits the formation of wirelike shapes with constant widths as predicted by equilibrium models. In particular, the aspect ratios of nanowires during growth are considerably smaller than the equilibrium aspect ratios. For monolayer islands on Si(001), we show that the anisotropy in strain gives rise to a novel fourfold symmetry in their equilibrium shapes. This strain-induced symmetry, c...
Conformation heterogeneity in proteins as an origin of heterogeneous fluorescence decays, illustrated by native and denatured ribonuclease T1.

Abstract We examined the frequency-domain intensity decays of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence (Trp-59) from ribonuclease T 1 (EC 3.1.27.3) (RNAase T 1 ). At pH 5.5 in the native state (below 30°C), the intensity decay of the single tryptophan residue is a single-exponential process. Conditions which result in protein unfolding were found to induce more complex intensity decays. At temperatures above 40°C, or in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride, the intensity decays became obviously double exponential. In general, the main effect of temperature or guanidine was to induce a second subnanosecond component in the intensity decay. The increased complexity of the decays could not be explained by a unimodal distribution of decay times. These results indicate that conformational dispersion of protein structure can be one origin of the multi-exponential decays which are generally observed for protein fluorescence.
On the economics of desalination of brackish household water supplies

Abstract Chemical constituents dissolved in household water supplies can cause economic damages in the form of reduced life of water-using appliances and pipes. Technological advances in reducing desalination costs and improved measures of damages have changed the conditions under which desalination of brackish water supplies can be considered to be economically feasible. The analysis shows that estimated benefits of desalination exceed costs for some communities with high saline native waters, such as are found in the Arkansas River Valley of eastern Colorado and elsewhere in the Southwest.
Would We Recognize Progress if We Saw it? A Commentary

Comments on the nature of special education as an enterprise and judgment of its progress are offered. Five independent but necessary and sufficient criteria for judgment of progress in special education for students with emotional or behavioral disorders are suggested. Comments are made on each of the articles in the series, and concluding remarks call for more data and better thinking.
A MATHEMATICAL VERIFICATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF STRINGS OF CIRCULATION IN SUPERFLUID FILMS ON POROUS MEDIA

A superfluid film flowing along the walls of a porous material can be modeled by a harmonic differential on a punctured Riemann surface satisfying integrality conditions on its periods and residues. In this paper, we use classical Riemann surface theory to mathematically investigate the observed physical phenomenon of the appearance of pairs of vortices in the fluid and the resulting patterns of circulation. We show that the existence of strings of circulation in the superfluid depends on a quantized divisibility condition between the number of vortex–antivortex pairs and the circulation of the fluid.
Associational projections of the anterior midline cortex in the rat: intracingulate and retrosplenial connections.

Past studies indicate that distinct areas of anterior midline cortex in the rat contribute to diverse functions, such as autonomic nervous system regulation and learning, but the anatomical substrate for these functions has not been fully elucidated. The present study characterizes the associational connections within the midline cortex of the rat by using the anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and Fluororuby. The prelimbic area and the rostral part of the anterior cingulate area (both dorsal and ventral subdivisions) are extensively interconnected with each other. In addition, the caudal half of anterior cingulate cortex has extensive projections to precentral medial cortex and caudally directed projections to retrosplenial cortex. Other cortical areas within anterior midline cortex have relatively limited cortical-cortical projections. The infralimbic, dorsal peduncular, and medial precentral cortices have dense intrinsic projections, but have either very limited or no projections to other areas in the anterior midline cortex. Although it has been suggested that cortical-cortical projections from anterior cingulate cortex and prelimbic cortex to infralimbic cortex may be important for linking learning processes with an autonomic nervous system response, the paucity of direct projections between these areas calls this hypothesis into question. Conversely, the results suggest that the anterior midline cortex contains two regions that are functionally and connectionally distinct.
Palliative Irradiation of Brain Metastases

The records of 121 patients with brain metastases from a 3-year-period were reviewed. Radiation therapy was given to 113 patients, 80 per cent received 30 Gy in 2 weeks. Before irradiation 11 were operated upon. Significant neurologic improvement was obtained in 60 per cent of the irradiated cases. Recurrences, retreatment and the necessity of higher initial doses in selected cases are discussed.
The Lawyer, the Judge, the Historian: Shaping the Meaning of the Boston Massacre, American Revolution, and Popular Opinion from 1770 to the Present Day

Both the Kevelson Seminar topic, ‘Lawyers as Makers of Meaning,’ and the appearance of a highly-publicized television series in the United States dedicated to the life of President John Adams (1735–1826) invite inquiry into Adams’ role as a lawyer who shaped the meaning of the American Revolution (and his role in bringing it about). Three trials from Adams’ early legal career illustrate that he presented both himself and fellow resistance leader James Otis, Jr., as heroic loners struggling for the rights of Americans against British injustice. Although he did not call it that, in 1970 lawyer and future Massachusetts Superior Court Justice Hiller Zobel, in his book The Boston Massacre, undertook what we would consider a semiotic approach that investigated the relevant codes and contexts—both the legal complexities and the audiences, other lawyers, judges, and posterity about which Adams spoke, simplifying and minimizing their roles as he maximized his own (and Otis’s). Zobel’s own relationship with Adams’ legal career appeared in his own tenure on the bench, especially in the famous ‘Nanny’ (discussed by Denis Brion, in this issue) case in which he explicitly presented the Boston Massacre Trials as a relevant precedent. Despite Adams’ willingness to subordinate his clients’ welfare to the patriot cause early in his career, it can be argued that HBO television and historian David McCullough, by presenting him to the public only flawed by his outspoken, stubborn honesty, have nevertheless performed a public service. Their version of Adams offers Americans in the twenty-first century an alternative role model to the dishonest, ill-informed politicians who use public opinion polls rather than political theory, moral philosophy, and historical knowledge as the basis of their decisions.
Aroclor 1254 as a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin antagonist in mice

Abstract Both Aroclor 1254, a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) elicit common aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated effects including the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase, the inhibition of the T-cell dependent plaque forming cells in response to sheep red blood cells (in C57BL/6 mice) and cleft palate in C57BL/6 mice. However based on ED50 values from dose-response studies with Aroclor 1254 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, it was apparent that the latter compound is at least 105 times more potent. Cotreatment of rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells or C57BL/6 mice with an ED80–100 dose of 2,3,7,8-TCDD plus various sub-toxic (or effective) doses of Aroclor 1254 clearly shows that the commercial PCB can significantly antagonize 2,3,7,8-TCDD-mediated AHH induction (in vivo and in vitro), immunotoxicity and teratogenicity. In vitro Ah receptor binding studies suggests that Aroclor 1254 competitively inhibits the Ah receptor binding of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and this may account for the antagonist activity of the commercial PCB.
The Exotic Potential Curve of the 31ΠgState of K2by Optical–Optical Double-Resonance Spectroscopy

The Rydberg–Klein–Rees potential curve of the 31Πgstate which covers the internuclear distance from 3.59926 to 6.76571 A is constructed from the experimentally determinedBvandG(v) values. The predicted exotic shape (change in slope outside ∼5.7 A) agrees with the experimental results. The dissociation energy of this state which dissociates to theK(4s) +K(5p) atomic asymptotic limit is determined to be 2731.292 ± 0.085 cm−1.
Effects of arsenate on growth and physiology in mallard ducklings

Arsenic (As) has been found at elevated concentrations in irrigation drainwater and in aquatic plants utilized by waterfowl. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings received an untreated diet (controls) or diets containing 30, 100 or 300 ppm As added as sodium arsenate. After 10 weeks blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological examination. Arsenic accumulated significantly in brain and liver of ducklings fed 100 or 300 ppm but did not result in histopathological lesions. The 300-ppm dietary As concentration decreased overall growth (weight gain) in males, whereas all concentrations of As decreased overall growth and rate of growth in females. Food consumption was less during the first three weeks in the 300-ppm group and during the second week for the 100-ppm group compared to controls. Plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and plasma glucose concentration were higher in the 300-ppm group compared to controls. Plasma triglyceride concentration increased in all As-treated groups. Brain ATP was lower in the 300-ppm group and sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase activity was higher in the 30- and 100-ppm groups. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the 300-ppm group and malondialdehyde lower in all treatment groups. All treatment levels caused elevation in hepatic glutathione and ATP concentrations. These findings, in combination with altered duckling behavior (increased resting time), suggest that concentrations of As that have been found in aquatic plants (up to 430 ppm dry weight) could adversely affect normal duckling development.
Structure and chemistry of fibre-matrix interfaces in silicon carbide fibre-reinforced glass-ceramic composites: an electron microscopy study

Silicon carbide continuous fibre-reinforced glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites showing high strength and fracture toughness have been studied using thin-foil transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (AEM). The outstanding mechanical behaviour of these materials is directly correlated with the formation of a cryptocrystalline carbon (graphite) reaction-layer interface between the fibres and the matrix. A solid-state reaction involving relatively rapid diffusion of silicon and oxygen from fibre to matrix correlates well with the experimental observations. Silica activity in the glass-ceramic matrix is suggested to play a primary role in the ability to control the chemical reaction which creates the graphitic interface. AEM results are used to comment upon a possible mechanism for the high-temperature embrittlement behaviour noted for these materials when they undergo rupture in an aerobic environment.
DMA Synthesis by Hybrid Echinoid Embryos Produced from Parent Species of Low and High Temperature Tolerance

Synthesis of DNA, as measured by quantitative Feulgen microspectrophotometry, was studied in reciprocal echinoid hybrids and their homospermic controls. Both parent species develop at the same rate until hatching, at 20°C. One parent (Lytechinus) will develop normally at 25°C, a temperature lethal for the other parent employed in the studies (Strongylocentrotus). Strongylocentrotus will develop normally at 10°C, a temperature at which Lytechinus fertilised eggs live, but fail to cleave. It was found that sperm of Lytechinus in eggs of Strongylocentrotus (SL hybrid) show a slowing of the S phase of the cell cycle at 10°C, and that sperm of Strongylocentrotus in eggs of Lytechinus (LS hybrid) show a slowing of the S phase at 25°C. These slowing effects are not noted during cleavage stages. The results are discussed in terms of proteins produced during the time of active transcription of the hybrid genome which may be rate-limiting in the synthesis of DNA in the hybrid embryos under these temperature extremes.
Multireference coupled cluster method for electronic structure of molecules

Abstract In this review we present a systematic derivation of the multireference coupled cluster theory based on the single reference formalism. The coupled cluster theories have recently emerged as one of the major method development activities in the electronic structure theory of atoms and molecules. Due to its size-extensive nature, using the coupled cluster method the total electronic energy of the system can be determined with the same relative accuracy as the total electronic energies of the fragments which the system separates into in the process of chemical decomposition. This feature is essential for the correct theoretical determination of dissociation energies as well as other molecular properties. One of the most difficult challenges in advancing the coupled cluster theory has been the development of the multireference coupled cluster methodology, i.e. generating a scheme which allows the reference function to incorporate more than one Slater determinant. Such development would enable a very ...
Optical constants of Al2O3 smoke in propellant flames

An in situ light scattering and extinction technique was developed to determine the optical constants (n — ik) and mean optical size (1/32) of molten AhOa smoke particles in propellant flames. Direct transmittance and bidirectional transmittance and reflectance measurements were made using scattered laser light on aluminimized solid propellant flames at visible and near infrared wavelengths (Xi = 0.6328 /*m and \2 = 1.064 /mi). The optical properties of the molten AliOs smoke combustion product were obtained from the light scattering and extinction measurements by inverse solution of the radiative transfer equation. A mean optical size of d^i = 0.97 j*m was obtained, which agrees well with other reported values. The values of n obtained for molten AhO3 at 2680 K (nm,\i = 1.65 and /iOT,X2 = 1-64) were significantly less than the values which have been reported for solid AhOs at temperatures just below the melting point of 2320 K (ns,\i = 1.82 and ns,\i = 1.81) indicating that a substantial decrease in n occurs upon melting. This decrease in n can be attributed to the expansion that takes place upon melting and is in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of the Lorentz-Lorenz equation. The value of k obtained for molten AhOa at 2680 K was 0.006 ± 0.004 (at both wavelengths), which is in reasonable agreement with other reported values. A dispersion analysis was also performed to fit this and other data over the spectral region from 0.5 to 5.0 jim and for temperatures from 2320 to 3000 K.
Magnocellular neurosecretory centers in the rat hypothalamus.

Hypothalami from normal rats were examined after preparation with Gomori's chromalum-hematoxylin stain for neurosecretory material. In addition to the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleii, five additional nuclear masses of neurosecretory cells were found. These all formed more or less compact cellular groups, clearly demarcated from surrounding neural tissue and with constant location from animal to animal. One nucleus, immediately posterior to the anterior commissure, along the ventricular wall, is termed anterior commissural. Two others, being dorso-lateral to the columns of the fornix, are termed anterior and posterior fornical. Midway between the paraventricular nucleus and the optic tract, a characteristically shaped nucleus of very compact cells, the nucleus circularis, is encountered. Finally, another group of cells is seen dorsal to the optic tract in the middle of the medial forebrain bundle, the nucleus of the medial forebrain bundle.
Perinatal Outcome Associated with PCP Versus Cocaine Use

Phencyclidine (PCP) remains a widely used illicit drug, especially among adolescents and young adults. The pharmacologic effects of PCP are similar to those of cocaine; therefore, in this retrospective study 37 PCP-intoxicated parturients were matched for ethnicity, tobacco use, age, gravidity, and degree of prenatal care with 37 cocaine-intoxicated parturients. Infants exposed to PCP in utero like those exposed to cocaine, had a high incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (32 vs 19%, N.S.), precipitate labor (43 vs 27%, N.S.), symptoms of neonatal drug withdrawal/intoxication, and prolonged neonatal hospitalizations. Moreover, they were more likely to have meconium-stained amniotic fluid (30 vs 19%, p =. 05) and less likely to be born prematurely as cocaine-exposed infants. The comparison between the long-term developmental outcome of these groups awaits further study.
High-performance computer image generation: a marriage of computer graphics and image processing

The scene content and fidelity of Computer Image Generators (CIG) has increased dramatically in recent years. Photographic source data is now being used in today's real-time visual simulators, and the expectation is that it will be used to a much greater extent in the next generation ofvisuals. Photographic source will be used to extract traditional CIG cultural features such as roads, rivers, and fields, expressed geometrically as polygons and radiometrically as photo textures. In addition, overhead aerial and satellite photography will be applied to the terrain surface as photo texture, resulting in the need for multigigabyte on-line image data bases. At the same time, highly accurate representations of the terrain and the 3-D features on the terrain surface will be supported by these advanced systems. Data bases will be extremely dense, with near-continuous scene density for both 2-D (photographic) and 3-D (polygonal) features. The emerging requirement for mission rehearsal capabilities in a visual simulator will continue to increase the needed data base fidelity, while imposing a severe time constraint on data base construction. The Rapidly Reconfigurable Data Base (RRDB) Project, funded by PM-TRADE under the USAF/ASD Project 2851, proposes to develop a data base generation system capable of constructing a data base in 72 hours; the Special Operations Forces have specified an Aircrew Training System with a 48-hour data base turnaround requirement. This paper will discuss how traditional CIG architectures and companion data base generation systems have been impacted by the addition of photo-based visual technology, and the emergence of mission rehearsal applications.
An analysis of used-book availability on the Internet

The development of the Internet as a marketplace for used books has been discussed in the library literature primarily as it affects out-of-print titles. An examination of availability and pricing of over 1000 current titles on three used-book Web sites shows that Web booksellers may be viable options for libraries seeking to stretch budgets by purchasing used copies of in-print titles.