cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Penile Erections in Myelomeningocele Patients

Summary— Of 52 post-pubertal male myelomeningocele patients, 36 (70%) appeared to have penile erections. In relation to spinal neurology, erections occurred in all of those with a positive anocutaneous reflex, 64% of those with a negative anocutaneous reflex and a level at or below the sympathetic outflow and 14% of those with a negative anocutaneous reflex and a level above the sympathetic outflow. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed.
Carbon dioxide capture-related gas adsorption and separation in metal-organic frameworks

Abstract Reducing anthropogenic CO 2 emission and lowering the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has quickly become one of the most urgent environmental issues of our age. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one option for reducing these harmful CO 2 emissions. While a variety of technologies and methods have been developed, the separation of CO 2 from gas streams is still a critical issue. Apart from establishing new techniques, the exploration of capture materials with high separation performance and low capital cost are of paramount importance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of crystalline porous materials constructed by metal-containing nodes bonded to organic bridging ligands hold great potential as adsorbents or membrane materials in gas separation. In this paper, we review the research progress (from experimental results to molecular simulations) in MOFs for CO 2 adsorption, storage, and separations (adsorptive separation and membrane-based separation) that are directly related to CO 2 capture.
Mass spectrometric identification of ligands selected from combinatorial libraries using gel filtration

There is a constant search for a successful analytical methodology to provide high throughput screening of combinatorial libraries against biological targets for identification of active ligands. Solid-phase screening assays offer faster isolation and identification of active analytes compared to the solution-based iterative methods. On the other hand, shift of combinatorial research to the creation of soluble non-peptide libraries, and limitations associated with the heterogeneous assays, creates a demand for a breakthrough technology for rapid and efficient screening of combinatorial libraries in solution. We demonstrated the efficient and rapid approach for selecting active ligands from a combinatorial mixture with subsequent identification of compounds by mass spectrometry. The procedure involves the use of a biological target molecule to physically isolate the active component in a mixture on a size exclusion medium. Then the ligands are identified using a combined liquid chromatography/capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry system. As a model system we used serum albumin and small molecules with different affinities to the protein. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of infliximab infusion reactions on long-term outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease

Summary Background Little is known about long-term outcomes in patients who experience infusion reactions while receiving infliximab. Aim To investigate long-term outcomes in patients who experience infusion reactions while receiving infliximab. Methods Retrospective electronic chart review of long-term clinical outcomes. Results Clinical data on 287 patients who received infliximab infusions for Crohn’s disease were reviewed, of whom 51 developed at least one infusion reaction (18%). Ileo-colonic disease (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.4) and episodic infliximab (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.7) were associated with a higher risk of infusion reactions in univariate analysis, but concomitant azathioprine/mercaptopurine therapy at the initiation of infliximab was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8). Only the effect of concomitant immunomodulators persisted on multivariate analysis. Patients who experienced infusion reactions were less likely to be in remission at 1 year (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3–1.2), 2 years (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8, P = 0.01), or 5 years (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.3) and more likely to require surgery (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.1, P = 0.01) than those who did not experience such reactions. Conclusions Patients who experienced infusion reactions to infliximab had a high rate of discontinuation of therapy in this cohort. Concomitant immunomodulators and maintenance therapy reduced the risk of infusion reactions.
Effects of the “Amoco Cadiz ” oil spill on an eelgrass community at roscoff (france) with special reference to the mobile benthic fauna

In October 1977 an investigation was initiated of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fauna of the eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds at Roscoff. Samples were taken in 2 seagrass beds at different tidal levels in order to follow numerical changes in the course of the year. In March 1978 the area of study was struck by the oil slick of the tanker “Amoco Cadiz ”. For this reason sampling has been continued at the same frequency. The tabulated results show clearly that the oil slick had a profound but selective influence on the various animal groups; some of them disappeared while others were apparently unaffected. Rapid recovery of some species has taken place, but re-establishment of other species, particularly the filter feeders has not been observed. The very diverse amphipod fauna has disappeared, and has been replaced by a population ofPherusa fucicola andGammarus locusta; the latter was absent in the year before the oil disaster took place.
Complex Nuclear Localization Signals in the Matrix Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) functions from within the nucleus to inhibit bi-directional nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we show that M protein can be imported into the nucleus by an active transport mechanism, even though it is small enough (approximately 27 kDa) to diffuse through nuclear pore complexes. We map two distinct nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing regions of M protein, each of which is capable of directing the nuclear localization of a heterologous protein. One of these regions, comprising amino acids 47-229, is also sufficient to inhibit nucleocytoplasmic transport. Two amino acids that are conserved among the matrix proteins of vesiculoviruses are important for nuclear localization, but are not essential for the inhibitory activity of M protein. Thus, different regions of M protein function for nuclear localization and for inhibitory activity.
Observation of Terahertz emission from a laser-plasma accelerated electron bunch crossing a plasma-vacuum boundary

Coherent radiation in the 0.3 - 3 THz range has been generated from femto second electron bunches at a plasma-vacuum boundary via transition radiation. The bunches produced by a laser-plasma accelerator contained 1.5 nC of charge. The THz energy per pulse within a limited 30 mrad collection angle was 3.5 nJ and scaled quadratically with bunch charge, consistent with coherent emission. Modeling indicates that this broadband source produces about 0.3 muJ per pulse within a 100 mrad angle, and that increasing the transverse plasma size and electron beam energy could provide more than 100 muj/pulse.
Efficacy of lithium vs. valproate in the treatment of mania in the elderly: a retrospective study

Background This retrospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy of lithium and valproate and associated serum levels in the treatment of mania in elderly patients. Method Records of 59 patients aged 55 years and older with minimal or no neurologic impairment, hospitalized for mania, and discharged on lithium (N = 30) or valproate (N = 29) therapy were reviewed. Data on mood stabilizer choice, serum levels, and type of mania were recorded. A clinician blinded to medications rated improvement in each case with Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scores based on abstracted notes. Results Overall, the percentage of patients improved was significantly greater in the lithium group than in the valproate group (67% vs. 38%, chi2 = 4.88, p = .027). Patients taking lithium with serum levels > or =0.8 mmol/L were more improved at discharge than those outside this range (> or =0.8, CGI 2.0+/-0.6 vs. 90, CGI 3.3+/-0.8, t = 3.73, p = .002). When response rates among only patients with these "therapeutic" levels were assessed, they were similar for lithium (82%) and valproate (75%). The difference in efficacy between drugs was maintained in classic mania, but the 2 drug groups were similar when only mixed mania was analyzed (lithium 63% vs. valproate 67% improved). Conclusion Results suggest that lithium may be more efficacious than valproate overall, but response rates for the 2 drugs were similar when "therapeutic" serum levels were achieved. For lithium, levels similar to those reported for younger adults were associated with response. For valproate, a "therapeutic window" different from that in younger adults was found. While the retrospective and naturalistic design of this study has limitations, these data may help direct further studies and treatment of mania in the elderly.
Surgical management of giant arteriovenous malformations

Abstract The surgical management of giant arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains a significant treatment challenge. Perhaps the most important factor in surgical outcome for giant AVMs is patient selection. We treat most giant AVMs conservatively. Exceptions include patients with progressive neurological deficits from AVM hemorrhage. We prefer staged transfemoral glue embolization followed by craniotomy for microsurgical resection, often using frameless stereotactic guidance as a surgical adjunct. Somatosensory evoked potentials and electroencephalographic monitoring with barbiturate burst suppression are used to insure neural protection. Intraoperative cerebral angiography minimizes the possibility of residual AVM and postoperative hemorrhage. Strict postoperative control of blood pressure and staged embolization can prevent normal perfusion pressure breakthrough. A team approach with a neurosurgeon, endovascular neurosurgeon, and neuroanesthesiologist optimizes the outcomes associated with these challenging lesions.
Application of stereocontrolled aldol coupling to synthesis of segments of immunosuppressants FK-506 and rapamycin

Abstract The sector comprising C24–C34 of FK-506 containing five of the stereogenic centers in this macrolide was synthesized from (−)-quinic acid. Aldol coupling of the C24–C34 unit with a methyl ketone representing C20–C23 of FK-506 proceeded with complete Felkin stereoselectivity to afford the C20–C34 portion of the immunosuppressant. A chelate transition state invoking coordination of a lithium enolate with a trityl ether is proposed to explain this stereoselectivity. The strategy adopted for construction of the C26–C34 moiety of FK-506 was extended to the C34–C42 subunit of rapamycin. A Mukaiyama asymmetric anti -aldol coupling was used to set in place the vicinal diol functionality at C27,28 in the C26–C33 segment of this macrolide.
The drugs not taken.

![Figure][1] CREDIT: JUPITER IMAGES A missing element in current conceptions of personalized medicine, including the Policy Forum by S. H. Katsanis et al. (“A case study of personalized medicine,” 4 April, p. [53][2]), is data on the patient's adherence to prescribed drug dosing regimens
The ob Gene and Insulin: A Relationship Leading to Clues to the Understanding of Obesity

Obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes are estimated to affect millions of people in the world. This pathology is multifactorial, comprising complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors and lacking a specific therapy. Great interest arose from the recent discovery of the ob gene expressed only in adipose tissue and coding for a protein that appears to regulate adiposity, potentially by acting as a satiety factor. We report here that in normal rats, ob mRNA is respectively up- or downregulated by a rise in insulinemia (induced by 2-day insulin infusion while maintaining euglycemia) or a decrease in insulinemia (induced by a 3-day fast). Our results also show that in genetically obese fa/fa rats studied longitudinally, white adipose tissue ob mRNA levels increase in parallel with early occurring and steadily increasing hyperinsulinemia. This results in adult obese animals having markedly higher ob mRNA levels than age-matched normoinsulinemic lean rats. Furthermore, in adult obese rats, ob mRNA escapes down-regulation as normalization of hyperinsulinemia due to fasting fails to reduce the high ob mRNA levels.
Ultralow-Frequency Magnetic Fields Preceding Large Earthquakes

The Great Alaska Earthquake (M 9.2) of 27 March 1964 was the largest earthquake ever to strike the United States in modern times and one of the largest ever recorded anywhere. Later that year, Moore [1964], in a surprisingly rarely cited paper, reported the occurrence of strong ultralow-frequency (ULF; ≤10 hertz) magnetic field disturbances at Kodiak, Alaska, in the 1–2 hours before the earthquake. That report has since been followed by others [Fraser-Smith et al., 1990; Kopytenko et al., 1993; Hayakawa et al., 1996; see also Molchanov et al., 1992] similarly describing the occurrence of large-amplitude ULF magnetic field fluctuations before other large earthquakes (“large” describes earthquakes with magnitudes M ∼7 or greater). These reports involving four separate, large earthquakes were made by four different groups and the results were published in well-known, refereed scientific journals, so there is no doubt that there is evidence for the existence of comparatively large ULF magnetic field fluctuations preceding large earthquakes.
SEPARATION OF THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON MUSCLE AMINO ACID TRANSPORT AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

The in vitro accumulation of glycine-14C and AIB-14C by intact diaphragms of hypophysectomized rats was inhibited when all of the sodium in the Krebs bicarbonate incubation medium was replaced by choline. Only moderate shifts in tissue fluid distribution occurred in diaphragms incubated in sodium-free buffer, but cellular sodium and potassium were gradually lost. Glycine-14C incorporation into diaphragm protein was also reduced in muscles incubated in the absence of extracellular sodium, but it could be reduced further by DNP and puromycin, and stimulated by insulin. Bovine growth hormone added in vitro stimulated the accumulation of glycine and AIB by diaphragms incubated in Krebs bicarbonate medium but had no effect in the absence of sodium. However, growth hormone stimulated glycine incorporation into diaphragm protein in the presence or absence of extracellular sodium. Thus, growth hormone can stimulate amino acid incorporation into muscle protein when its effect on amino acid transport is blocked, su...
Smartphones, Smart Objects, and Augmented Reality

Two major types of augmented reality seem most likely to see academic use in the coming five years, markerless and marked. Markerless augmented reality uses the location determined by a cell phone to serve as a basis for adding local information to the camera view. Marked augmented reality uses a two-dimensional barcode to connect a cell phone or personal computer to information, usually on a web site. Both approaches are already being used in museums and college libraries. Marked augmented reality is especially powerful because it makes physical objects clickable, such as a web page. Augmented reality creates some exciting new opportunities for libraries.
Two-photon ionization of atomic hydrogen with elliptically polarized light.

The theory of two-photon ionization of a hydrogenic state in the nonrelativistic dipole approximation is generalized for elliptically polarized light. An application to the metastable 2S state of atomic hydrogen is made. Significant differences in the angular distribution of the outgoing electrons are found depending upon the polarization of the photons. It is claimed that two-photon ionization employing elliptically polarized photons from lasers may provide an additional test for the theories of multiphoton ionization.
Estimators and tail bounds for dimension reduction in l α (0 < α ≤ 2) using stable random projections

The method of stable random projections is popular in data stream computations, data mining, information retrieval, and machine learning, for efficiently computing the lα (0 < α ≤ 2) distances using a small (memory) space, in one pass of the data. We propose algorithms based on (1) the geometric mean estimator, for all 0 <α ≤ 2, and (2) the harmonic mean estimator, only for small α (e.g., α < 0.344). Compared with the previous classical work [27], our main contributions include: • The general sample complexity bound for α ≠ 1,2. For α = 1, [27] provided a nice argument based on the inverse of Cauchy density about the median, leading to a sample complexity bound, although they did not provide the constants and their proof restricted e to be "small enough." For general α ≠ 1, 2, however, the task becomes much more difficult. [27] provided the "conceptual promise" that the sample complexity bound similar to that for α = 1 should exist for general α, if a "non-uniform algorithm based on t-quantile" could be implemented. Such a conceptual algorithm was only for supporting the arguments in [27], not a real implementation. We consider this is one of the main problems left open in [27]. In this study, we propose a practical algorithm based on the geometric mean estimator and derive the sample complexity bound for all 0 < α ≤ 2. • The practical and optimal algorithm for α = 0+ The l0 norm is an important case. Stable random projections can provide an approximation to the l0 norm using α → 0+. We provide an algorithm based on the harmonic mean estimator, which is simple and statistically optimal. Its tail bounds are sharper than the bounds derived based on the geometric mean. We also discover a (possibly surprising) fact: in boolean data, stable random projections using α = 0+ with the harmonic mean estimator will be about twice as accurate as (l2) normal random projections. Because high-dimensional boolean data are common, we expect this fact will be practically quite useful. • The precise theoretical analysis and practical implications We provide the precise constants in the tail bounds for both the geometric mean and harmonic mean estimators. We also provide the variances (either exact or asymptotic) for the proposed estimators. These results can assist practitioners to choose sample sizes accurately.
Understanding planner behavior

As planners and their environments become increasingly complex, planner behavior becomes increasingly difficult to understand. We often do not understand what causes them to fail, so that we can debug their failures, and we may not understand what allows them to succeed, so that we can design the next generation. This paper describes a partially automated methodology for understanding planner behavior over long periods of time. The methodology, called Dependency Interpretation, uses statistical dependency detection to identify interesting patterns of behavior in execution traces and interprets the patterns using a weak model of the planner's interaction with its environment to explain how the patterns might be caused by the planner. Dependency Interpretation has been applied to identify possible causes of plan failures in the Phoenix planner. By analyzing four sets of execution traces gathered from about 400 runs of the Phoenix planner, we showed that the statistical dependencies describe patterns of behavior that are sensitive to the version of the planner and to increasing temporal separation between events, and that dependency detection degrades predictably as the number of available execution traces decreases and as noise is introduced in the execution traces. Dependency Interpretation is appropriate when a complete and correct model of the planner and environment is not available, but execution traces are available.
Self‐report on the social skills rating system: Analysis of reliability and validity for an elementary sample

The Social Skills Rating System (SSRS; F.M. Gresham & S.N. Elliott, 1990) is a norm-referenced measure of students' social and problem behaviors. Since its release, much of the published reliability and validity evidence for the SSRS has focused primarily on the Teacher Report Form. The purpose of this study was to explore reliability and validity evidence of scores on the SSRS-Student Elementary Form (SSRS-SEF) for children in Grades 3 to 5. Findings provided support for the use of Total scale as a measure of student social behavior for initial screening purposes; however, evidence for the subscales was not as strong as predicted. Directions for future research regarding reliability and validity of scores from the SSRS-SEF are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 345–354, 2005.
Protein secretion by the mouse blastocyst: Stimulatory effect on secretion into the blastocoel by transforming growth factor‐α

We have previously demonstrated that newly synthesized proteins are secreted into the mouse blastocoel [Dardik and Schultz (1991): Biol Reprod 45:328–333]. In the present study we examine the effect of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) on these proteins. We observe that TGF-α stimulates secretion of these newly synthesized proteins into the blastocoel and apical medium, which faces the zona pellucida, by about 65%. Although one-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis does not reveal any marked differences in the patterns of newly synthesized proteins secreted into the blastocoel in response to TGF-α, zymography reveals a marked stimulation in the secretion of several gelatinases into the blastocoel and apical medium. These results suggest additional functions for TGF-α in mouse preimplantation development. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Educating Child Neurologists About Movement Disorders

The discipline of childhood movement disorders is an exciting new area of specialization within the field of pediatric neurology. Establishing a formal educational system is an ongoing challenge that should include the standardization of movement definitions, the development of a formal classification system for existing disorders, the adequate exposure of trainees to both common and rare disorders, and the ongoing formulation of topic guidelines and consensus papers. Specific suggestions and recommendations are provided for further discussion.
Poster 154: Rare Case of Central Nervous System Nocardiosis in an Immunosuppressed Cadaveric Renal Transplant Patient: A Case Report

Poster 154 Rare Case of Central Nervous System Nocardiosis in an Immunosuppressed Cadaveric Renal Transplant Patient: A Case Report. Erik C. Marsiglia, DO (Rush University Medical Ctr, Chicago, IL); Christopher Reger, MD. Disclosure: E.C. Marsiglia, None; C.D. Reger, None. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Patient: A 40-year-old man with cadaveric renal transplant. Case Description: The patient had a cadaveric renal transplant performed after having end-stage renal disease from uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension. After 1 month of immunosuppressive therapy, he presented with mental status changes and falls. A noncontrast computed tomography of the brain was normal; however, his cerebrospinal fluid contained Cryptococcus neoformans and fluconazole was started. Assessment/Results: After his cryptococcal infection, the patient had functional and cognitive decline. He required comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation and had improved. 10 months post-transplant, he was readmitted for seizure disorder and found with imaging to have a superior right frontal lobe cystic lesion. He underwent a craniotomy and abscess removal. Pathology confirmed Nocardia farcinica infection and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was started. Within 1 week, the patient had another seizure episode, and his antibiotic was changed for presumed resistance. Nonetheless, follow-up imaging noted a growing left parietal lesion requiring another craniotomy. Following each craniotomy, he participated in physical therapy and was able to be discharged with an improvement in his functional status. Discussion: Nocardiosis is a rare gram-positive aerobic bacterial opportunistic infection affecting 500 to 1000 patients per year in the United States. One third of infections affect the central nervous system, and few involve renal transplant recipients. Of the several known species, Farcinica is less often implicated but is more likely to show resistance to usual antibiotic regimens. Despite repeated infections and surgeries, this patient was able to maintain a high level of function because of rehabilitation. Conclusions: Functional decline may initially occur in the immunosuppressed patient with neurologic infection. However, this case demonstrates that with aggressive antibiotic therapy, surgery, and a comprehensive rehabilitation program, a satisfactory outcome was achieved in this complex and medically challenging patient.
Long-acting injectable microsphere formulation for the parenteral administration of levonorgestrel

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of along-acting formulation of levonorgestrel microencapsulated in a biodegradable polymer poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) was tested in baboons. The polymer microspheres provided continuous release of levonorgestrel for up to 6 months following a single intramuscular injection. The treatment inhibits ovarian function for 3–6 months, depending on the dose. The duration and pattern of levonorgestrel release varies according to the quality and size of the microspheres. The microsphere delivery system offers a promising new approach to developing a long-acting injectable contraceptive based on levonorgestrel.
Coordinating public utility expansion, industrial siting and pollution control: A workable dynamic programming algorithm

Abstract Many rapidly growing regions are faced with the dilemma of wanting to encourage growth in the number of industrial firms located within their boundaries so as to reap the benefits of increased employment and added tax revenue while at the same time being concerned that new industrial development will be costly in terms of air and water pollution and the services of utilities which will be required. This paper presents a procedure for choosing among the applicant firms those to be allowed to settle in the region over the horizon. This choice is made so as to maximize net social benefits over the planning period subject to the relevant air and water quality constraints. Mathematically our procedure is based on two separate dynamic programming models linked through an iterative process which avoids the computational difficulties usually associated with large scale dynamic programming formulations.
Autoantibodies to type VII collagen recognize epitopes in a fibronectin-like region of the noncollagenous (NC1) domain.

Autoantibodies to type VII collagen are characteristic of the blistering diseases epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Blisters in those diseases are due to defective adhesion of the lamina densa subregion of the epithelial basement membrane to the underlying dermis. Previous studies indicating that type VII collagen contributes to lamina densa-dermal adhesion by cross-linking lamina densa and dermal matrix proteins suggests that autoantibodies may contribute to blisters by interfering with type VII collagen function. That hypothesis is supported by previous studies showing autoantibodies from a small number of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita patients recognize proteolytic fragments containing the 145- kD noncollagenous domain of type VII collagen. In this study, we examined reactivity of autoantibodies from a large number of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and bullous SLE patients with fusion proteins representing most of the noncollagenous domain of type VII collagen and that those regions are homologous to type III repeats of fibronectin. These results suggest autoantibodies binding to fibronectin homology regions within the 145-kD noncollagenous domain may interfere with the adhesion function of type VII collagen and contribute to lamina densa-dermal dysadhesion in epidermolysis bullous acquisita and bullous SLE.
SLE nephritis is associated with an oligoclonal expansion of intrarenal T cells

Abstract Autoimmune systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis is characterized by the influx of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates within the glomeruli and renal interstitium. To evaluate the possibility that intrarenal T cells result from the expansion of lymphocytes using limited T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, we analyzed the TCR Vbeta gene expression among infiltrating lymphocytes in renal tissue compared with simultaneous peripheral blood lymphocytes of four children with new-onset SLE nephritis. The TCR Vbeta gene expression in peripheral blood T cells from patients with SLE nephritis, when compared with normal controls, showed no preferential expansion or deletion of select Vbeta gene families. In contrast, when paired peripheral blood and renal tissue were analyzed, intrarenal lymphocytes in SLE nephritis demonstrated evidence of expansion of select Vbeta gene families. Sequence analysis of the V(D)J joining regions of the TCRbeta with the expanded families demonstrated a striking oligoclonality. These observations suggest that infiltrating T cells within renal tissue may use TCR Vbeta genes targeted toward nephritogenic antigens. (Am J Kidney Dis 1998 Mar;31(3):418-26)
Karyotype at relapse following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia

Abstract Eighty-four patients underwent allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation as therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) during a 5-year period at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center. We describe the karyotype at relapse in 19 patients who were Ph chromosome positive (Ph+) at diagnosis. Eighty-four percent of patients demonstrated clonal and/or nonclonal chromosome abnormalities in addition to the t(9;22)(q34;q11) at first detection of relapse or later during relapse. These abnormalities included: Ph plus additional clonal abnormalities (three patients), Ph plus nonclonal abnormalities (five patients), Ph plus additional clonal and nonclonal abnormalities (eight patients). Three patients had only the original Ph+ clone. The additional chromosome abnormalities were primarily structural, and entirely different from those most frequently observed during karyotypic evolution in conventionally treated CML. Chromosome 1 was most frequently involved, with 1q32 being the location of three clonal and two nonclonal abnormalities. Other sites included 6p21–22 (the site of two clonal abnormalities), 7p21–22, and 10q21 (the site of two clonal and one nonclonal abnormality each). Chromosomes 5 and 7q, regions of frequent involvement in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that follows chemotherapy for other malignancies, were infrequently involved. The clinical significance of these additional abnormalities remains undetermined at this time.
Melanized Fungi in Human Disease

Summary: Melanized or dematiaceous fungi are associated with a wide variety of infectious syndromes. Many are soil organisms and are generally distributed worldwide, though certain species appear to have restricted geographic ranges. Though they are uncommon causes of disease, melanized fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens, with most reports occurring in the past 20 years. The spectrum of diseases with which they are associated has also broadened and includes allergic disease, superficial and deep local infections, pneumonia, brain abscess, and disseminated infection. For some infections in immunocompetent individuals, such as allergic fungal sinusitis and brain abscess, they are among the most common etiologic fungi. Melanin is a likely virulence factor for these fungi. Diagnosis relies on careful microscopic and pathological examination, as well as clinical assessment of the patient, as these fungi are often considered contaminants. Therapy varies depending upon the clinical syndrome. Local infection may be cured with excision alone, while systemic disease is often refractory to therapy. Triazoles such as voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole have the most consistent in vitro activity. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of these uncommon infections.
WHAT COULD BE MORE PRACTICAL THAN GOOD RESEARCH?: ON MUTUAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

These seem to be very special times for mathematics education. The public interest in the topic has never been greater. Probably the most prominent among the occurrences that occasioned this recent leap in popularity are international comparative studies such as TIMSS and PISA. The fact that, in spite of the ongoing efforts toward reform in mathematics education, many countries found the results of the international measurements of their students’ achievements rather disappointing led the ICME 10 Program Committee to create the Survey Team on Relations between Mathematics Education Research and Practice. The team, coordinated by the author of this talk, and including Aline Robert from France, Ole Skovsmose from Denmark, Yoshihiko Hashimoto from Japan, and Gelsa Knijnik from Brazil, was invited to reflect on the question of how research has been informing the practice of mathematics education over the last decade. Following the invitation, the Survey Team turned to the members of the mathematics education community asking them to answer three queries about their own work: (1) How would you describe the essence of your work in mathematics education over the last 5 years or so? (2) During this period, to what extent was your work stirred and influenced by the current state of mathematics education in your country and/or in the world? (3) Do you think that the work done by you and by your colleagues over the last five years or so had, or is going to have, an actual impact on the practice of mathematics education? Analysis of the 74 responses received from all over the world revealed several interesting trends. This article is the text of the ICME plenary address in which the author presented an “executive summary” of the findings.
Flow condensation in parallel micro-channels – Part 1: Experimental results and assessment of pressure drop correlations

Abstract In this first part of a two-part study, experiments were performed to investigate condensation of FC-72 along parallel, square micro-channels with a hydraulic diameter of 1 mm and a length of 29.9 cm, which were formed in the top surface of a solid copper plate. The condensation was achieved by rejecting heat to a counter flow of water through channels brazed to the underside of the copper plate. The FC-72 entered the micro-channels slightly superheated, and operating conditions included FC-72 mass velocities of 68–367 kg/m 2 s, FC-72 saturation temperatures of 57.2–62.3 °C, and water mass flow rates of 3–6 g/s. Using high-speed video imaging and photomicrographic techniques, five distinct flow regimes were identified: smooth-annular, wavy-annular, transition, slug, and bubbly, with the smooth-annular and wavy-annular regimes being most prevalent. A detailed pressure model is presented which includes all components of pressure drop across the micro-channel. Different sub-models for the frictional and accelerational pressure gradients are examined using the homogenous equilibrium model (with different two-phase friction factor relations) as well as previous macro-channel and mini/micro-channel separated flow correlations. Unexpectedly, the homogenous flow model provided far more accurate predictions of pressure drop than the separated flow models. Among the separated flow models, better predictions were achieved with those for adiabatic and mini/micro-channels than those for flow boiling and macro-channels.
Once Daily Amoxicillin Therapy for the Treatment of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal (GABHS) Pharyngitis • 699

Once Daily Amoxicillin Therapy for the Treatment of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal (GABHS) Pharyngitis • 699
BRAF and NRAS mutations in spitzoid melanocytic lesions

BRAF mutations are common events in a variety of melanocytic nevi and primary cutaneous melanomas. We have previously found BRAF mutations in 82% of nevi, consisting of congenital, common acquired and dysplastic types, and 33% of primary cutaneous melanomas other than the spitzoid type, similar to other published reports. A small number of studies have evaluated Spitz nevi and have failed to detect any lesions possessing a BRAF mutation. Only one study included categories of atypical Spitz nevus and borderline lesions suspected to be spitzoid melanomas, along with classic Spitz nevi and spitzoid melanomas. We examined a spectrum of spitzoid lesions that included 48 Spitz nevi, some with atypical features, seven atypical (borderline) Spitz tumors, and 13 spitzoid melanomas. BRAF mutations were detected in 12 of 68 spitzoid lesions, of which two were spitzoid melanomas and 10 were Spitz nevi. Five of the 10 Spitz nevi with BRAF mutations were altered by more than usual cytologic atypia and/or architectural atypia overlapping with dysplastic nevi, or irritation/inflammation; one desmoplastic Spitz nevus had a BRAF mutation. These results indicate that a small subset of Spitz nevi, some with atypical histologic features, possess BRAF mutations. Therefore, the BRAF mutational status does not separate all Spitz nevi from spitzoid melanomas and non-Spitz types of melanocytic proliferations, contrary to previous reports.
Summary of the national mucolytic study

The study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of orally-administered iodinated glycerol (Organidin) in the management of patients with stable, chronic obstructive bronchitis, who complained of cough and difficulty in raising sputum, and who would be candidates for mucolytic-expectorant therapy
The distribution of vascular plant species and guilds in space and time along a desert gradient

Abstract. We studied distribution patterns of vascular plant species and environmental variables for three years along a permanent transect traversing a closed-drainage watershed in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of south-central New Mexico, USA. The transect extended for 2.7 km from a basin floor playa (1310 m elevation, fine-textured soil), across a piedmont slope, and onto the base of a granitic mountain (1410 m elevation, coarse-textured soil). The gradients in elevation and soils across our transect, along with variable seasonal rainfall, downslope redistribution of water and organic matter, and soil texture-related variation in infiltration, water holding capacity, and moisture release characteristics, interact to generate a complex spatial and temporal gradient of available soil water and nitrogen. We grouped plant species into guilds according to growth form and photo synthetic pathway type. These guilds are spatially and temporally differentiated along the transect such that particular groups utilize particular seasonal phases or spatial regions of the gradient. We identified six distinct plant communities along the transect. C4 perennial grasses dominated the mesic/high nitrogen portion of the gradient, which occurred at the highest (upper piedmont grassland, dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda) and lowest (playa, dominated by Panicum obtusum) elevations along the transect. C3 shrubs were dominant in the xeric/low nitrogen portion of the gradient located near the middle of the transect (bajada shrubland, dominated by Larrea tridentata). C3 shrubs also dominated a narrow zone of vegetation located adjacent to the playa (playa fringe, dominated by Prosopisglandulosa). C4 perennial grasses, C3 subshrubs, and C3 and C4 perennial forbs and annuals were co-dominant in the intermediate locations along the gradient, which occurred below (mixed basin slopes) and above (lower piedmont grassland) the bajada shrubland. Life-form distribution patterns at the small scale of our study reflect some of the patterning that occurs at larger scales in response to climate gradients. The distributions of some species and guilds along the transect are apparently modified by competitive interactions.
Platelet function studies in dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis.

SummaryPlatelet adhesiveness, platelet clot retraction and fibrinogen determinations were made on dogs with cyclic hemato-poiesis (CH), dogs cured of CH disease via bone marrow transplantation, and normal dogs. Platelet adhesiveness and clot retraction values in CH dogs were below normal values throughout the cycle and were not influenced by neutropenic episodes. However, these platelet functions were normal in CH dogs transplanted with normal marrow. Fibrinogen values of CH dogs did fluctuate with the neutrophil cycle, but were continually elevated when compared to either normal dogs or CH dogs transplanted with normal marrow. By use of platelets and plasma from normal, CH, and transplant-CH dogs, it was shown that plasma from either normal dogs or CH dogs transplanted with normal marrow corrected the CH dogs'platelet clot retraction defect. These studies indicate that a plasma factor is involved in the decreased platelet function of CH dogs; furthermore, the plasma factor may be fibrinogen.Sincere appre...
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and potential therapeutic applications in neurooncology and central nervous system inflammatory pathologies, a review

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have diverse diagnostic and potential therapeutic applications in the central nervous system (CNS). They are useful as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents to evaluate: areas of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction related to tumors and other neuroinflammatory pathologies, the cerebrovasculature using perfusion-weighted MRI sequences, and in vivo cellular tracking in CNS disease or injury. Novel, targeted, nanoparticle synthesis strategies will allow for a rapidly expanding range of applications in patients with brain tumors, cerebral ischemia or stroke, carotid atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. These strategies may ultimately improve disease detection, therapeutic monitoring, and treatment efficacy especially in the context of antiangiogenic chemotherapy and antiinflammatory medications. The purpose of this review is to outline the current status of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the context of biomedical nanotechnology as they apply to diagnostic MRI and potential therapeutic applications in neurooncology and other CNS inflammatory conditions.
Light induces a Fos0like nuclear antigen in retinal neurons

Fos, the product of the proto-oncogene c-fos, is a nuclear phosphoprotein thought to participate in transcriptional regulation of target genes. To explore the synaptic induction of Fos and related proteins in vivo, Fos immunohistochemistry was performed in the rabbit retina. Dark-adapted retinas had virtually no Fos immunostaining. Retinas of dark-adapted rabbits that were exposed to 3 Hz diffuse flashing white light for 1 h and sacrificed 2 h later displayed nuclear Fos immunostaining in a minority of neurons. These included presumptive amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer and either displaced amacrine cells or ganglion cells of the ganglion cell layer. Therefore, Fos or a related antigen is expressed in a subset of retinal neurons in response to light and is presumably involved in regulating gene expression of these cells to respond to alterations in synaptic activity.
A variant of the Hori-Lie series method

If the undisturbed Hamiltonian F0 is a function of the momenta only, then a variant of the Hori-Lie series perturbation method achieves a solution to any order with a single canonical transformation, without the use of the pseudo-time.
Programming multiple protein patterns on a single DNA nanostructure.

Pyrrole−imidazole polyamide−biotin conjugates recruit protein to uniquely addressable sites on a four tile DX array. Conjugates in combination lead to unique patterns with distinct spacing. Polyamide binding is sequence specific and requires no structural or chemical modification of the target DNA allowing the same DNA template to be used to create a variety of assemblies.
Singularity expansion representations of fields and currents in transient scattering

A unified treatment of the natural mode representations for induced currents and scattered fields is obtained by use of fundamental concepts regarding causality and superposition. The transient scattered field response is shown to have the form of a constant coefficient complex exponential sum only in the "late-time," after the last driven reponse is received from the object. Prior to this, the "early.time" response is found to be due to direct physical optics fields as well as a sum of temporally modulated natural modes produced by the progressive illumination of the incident wavefront. Alternate representations and s -plane behaviors are considered. The implications of these results on natural resonance target identification schemes are discussed.
Interference with Existing Memories Alters Offline Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity

The notion that already existing memories can be modified after their reactivation has received an increasing amount of experimental support, with empirical data accumulating across species and memory paradigms. However, there is no evidence for systems-level task-free intrinsic signatures of memory modification. Here, using a combination of behavioral, brain stimulation, and neuroimaging paradigms, we report that noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation interference with a reactivated motor memory altered offline task-free corticostriatal interregional functional connectivity, reducing it compared to stimulation in which the reactivated memory was intact. Furthermore, the modulated functional connectivity predicted offline memory modification. This reduction in functional connectivity recovered after additional execution of the memorized task, and the interference did not affect control cerebellar-cortical functional connectivity. This demonstrates that intrinsic task-free offline brain activity can be modulated by noninvasive interaction with existing memories and strongly correlates with behavioral measurements of changes in memory strength.
Exact ground state for a Herndon–Simpson model via resonance–theoretic cluster expansion

The Herndon–Simpson model for a particular catacondensed polyphene chain is considered as a nontrivial many-body Hamiltonian, defined on a space with a basis of orthonormal Kekule structures. An Explicitly correlated cluster expanded resonance–theoretic wave function is described for this model, and its quality is judged by calculation of the standard deviation for the energy expectation. The quality is found to be high. Indeed, for a particular parameter ratio within the range of experimental interest, the wave function ansatz is found to be exact. This very accurate solution is then used to gauge the quality of the common ansatz with equally weighted Kekule structures, and it is found to be reasonably good.
Tax-funded unionism III: Front organizations

This article shows that unions are deeply involved in nonprofit organizations which ostensibly pursue such goals as helping the elderly and protecting consumers, but a major goal of these organizations is to obtain taxpayer funds for union organizing and other activities. The senior citizens’ political movement, for example, is controlled by union officials who use the movement to further union objectives.