cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation of human airway epithelial cells by non-HLA antibodies developed after lung transplantation: a potential etiological factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

Background. The main cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation (LT) is bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Anti-HLA antibodies development after LT has been shown to play an important role in BOS pathogenesis. However, the nature of non-HLA antibodies developed after LT and their role in BOS pathogenesis have not been determined. Methods. Sera from 16 BOS+ patients and 11 BOS− patients were collected at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after LT. Anti-HLA class I and class II antibodies were absorbed with pooled human platelets and pooled human lymphoblastoid cell lines, respectively. Then, the presence of non-HLA antibodies against several cell lines from different origin was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Antibody-positive samples were tested for induction of proliferation and growth factor production in two selected airway epithelial cell (AEC) lines. Results. Five of 16 BOS+ patients (31.2%) and 0 of 11 BOS- patients (0%) developed anti-AEC antibodies after LT (P =0.05). No reactivity against endothelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes was detected. Further analysis of two selected sera demonstrated the development of reactivity against a 60-kDa antigen expressed by 60% of AEC lines and only 12% of cell lines from other tissues. Antibody binding to this antigen induced intracellular Ca++ influx, tyrosine phosphorylation, proliferation, and up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor mRNA transcription in AECs. Conclusions. These results indicate that anti-AEC antibodies may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of BOS in the absence of anti-HLA antibodies.
Endurance Exercise and Health-Related Quality of Life in 50–65 Year-Old Adults

Health-related quality of life was evaluated in relation to endurance exercise over the prior year for 194 previously sedentary, healthy men and women aged 50-65 using a posttest-only design. Three exercise regimens were studied that varied in format (class-based vs home-based) and intensity (higher vs lower). In all regimens, subjects who participated more had better physical health 12 months after program initiation (p values < .05); no differences were observed in general psychological well-being. Extent of participation, rather than format or intensity of exercise, was associated with better physical health in this population.
A C1-P2 FINITE ELEMENT WITHOUT NODAL BASIS

A new finite element, which is continuously differentiable, but only piecewise quadratic polynomials on a type of uniform triangulations, is introduced. We construct a local basis which does not involve nodal values nor derivatives. Different from the traditional finite elements, we have to construct a special, averaging operator which is stable and preserves quadratic polynomials. We show the optimal order of approximation of the finite element in interpolation, and in solving the biharmonic equation. Numerical results are provided confirming the analysis.
Comparison of gen-probe AccuProbe group B streptococcus culture identification test with conventional culture for the detection of group B streptococci in broth cultures of vaginal-anorectal specimens from pregnant women.

Abstract The performance of the AccuProbe Group B Streptococcus Culture Identification Test (Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA) for the detection of group B streptococci (GBS) directly from LIM broth cultures of vaginal-anorectal swab specimens from pregnant women (two swabs per patient in most cases) was evaluated by comparing results to those of conventional GBS culture. Of 411 specimens analyzed, 82 were positive and 312 were negative for GBS by both methods. After initial testing, the percent agreement was 95.9%. The initial sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the AccuProbe test were 90.1%, 97.5%, 91.1%, and 97.2%, respectively. Results were discrepant for 17 specimens: eight were GBS positive by probe and negative by culture; nine were negative by probe and positive by culture. To resolve discrepancies, culture plates were re-examined for GBS colonies, AccuProbe testing was repeated on the initial LIM broth cultures, and the second swab (if received) was inoculated to LIM broth for AccuProbe testing after overnight incubation. After discrepant resolution testing, the percent agreement between the two test methods was 97.8%. The final sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the AccuProbe test were 95.6%, 98.4%, 94.6%, and 98.7%, respectively. These data suggest that the AccuProbe test is a reliable method for detecting GBS in vaginal-anorectal specimens, providing results more rapidly than conventional culture. However, strict adherence to the manufacturer’s test protocol is necessary to limit technical errors.
The Role of the Dental Hygienist in Patient Motivation

This paper presents an innovative role for the dental hygienist in patient motivation and makes recommendations about how the dental staff can make the transition from a traditional teaching environment to one in which behaviorally sound teaching principles are the basis for patient education and management.
Why Great Organizations Are Great? The Art of Business

This presentation will share a study, being documented in a forthcoming book of the same title that answers this question. Our research discovered that a Great organization must first of all have a soul, which creates meaning for people working there. Such an organization knows where it is going and somehow always seems to flow with the changing world outside to get there in time. A Great organization smartly leverages on its environment, including its competitors, to make sure that its resources are effectively and efficiently utilized. It is also the master of its trade by being consistently on the edge while maintaining balances. Finally, a Great organization is made of leaders who help to actualize the organization’s vision by aligning their own dreams to it.
Retrograde catheterization of the inferior mesenteric artery to treat endoleaks: anatomic and technical considerations.

Abbreviations: IMA inferior mesenteric artery, SMA superior mesenteric artery ENDOVASCULAR stent-graft placement is a promising new therapy for the treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (1,2). The procedure can be successfully accomplished with low procedural morbidity in most cases. However, persistent aneurysm perfusion after stent-graft placement is an important complication of this new innovative therapy that is observed in 5%–40% of patients (3,4). The best method for managing patients with postimplantation perigraft perfusion (endoleak) is not yet known and, consequently, many approaches to the management of this problem are being explored (5–7). Some endoleaks are due to backbleeding from infrarenal aortic sidebranches (4). These sidebranches receive inflow from arterial collaterals. Blood typically flows in through one sidebranch, such as the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), traverses the perigraft space, and then flows out through another sidebranch, such as a lumbar artery. Endoleaks of this type can be prevented by occluding the involved aortic sidebranches. Sidebranch vessels can be accessed for embolization in two ways: (i) via a systemic collateral (superior mesenteric artery [SMA] or iliolumbar arteries)—in this way, the sidebranch vessel and perigraft space are catheterized from an “outside-in” approach, or (ii) via the perigraft space, which can be entered directly, around the proximal or distal end of the stent-graft—in this way, the sidebranch vessel is catheterized from an “inside-out” approach. In the past few years, we have gained experience with retrograde catheterization of infrarenal aortic sidebranches for this purpose. The purpose of this article is to highlight the anatomic and technical considerations relevant to retrograde IMA catheterization used to treat endovascular stent-graft leaks.
A Sociology of Quantification

One of the most notable political developments of the last thirty years has been increasing public and governmental demand for the quantification of social phenomena, yet sociologists generally have paid little attention to the spread of quantification or the significance of new regimes of measurement. Our article addresses this oversight by analyzing quantification – the production and communication of numbers – as a general sociological phenomenon. Drawing on scholarship across the social sciences in Europe and North America as well as humanistic inquiry, we articulate five sociological dimensions of quantification and call for an ethics of numbers.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes mammalian oogonial stem cell differentiation via Smad1/5/8 signaling.

Objective To test whether bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) directly regulates differentiation of adult mouse ovary-derived oogonial stem cells (OSCs) in vitro. Design Animal study. Setting Research laboratory. Animal(s) Adult C57BL/6 female mice. Intervention(s) After purification from adult ovaries by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, OSCs were cultured without or with BMP4 in the absence or presence of the BMP4 antagonist, Noggin. Main Outcome Measure(s) Rates of in vitro–derived (IVD) oocyte formation and changes in gene expression were assessed. Result(s) Cultured OSCs expressed BMP receptor (BMPR) 1A (BMPR1A), BMPR1B, and BMPR2, suggesting that BMP signaling can directly affect OSC function. In agreement with this, BMP4 significantly increased the number of IVD oocytes formed by cultured OSCs in a dose-dependent manner, and this response was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by cotreatment with Noggin. Exposure of OSCs to BMP4 was associated with rapid phosphorylation of BMPR-regulated Smad1/5/8 proteins, and this response was followed by increased expression of the meiosis initiation factors, stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 ( Stra8 ), muscle-segment homeobox 1 ( Msx1 ), and Msx2 . In keeping with the IVD oocyte formation data, the ability of BMP4 to activate Smad1/5/8 signaling and meiotic gene expression in OSCs was abolished by cotreatment with Noggin. Conclusion(s) Engagement of BMP4-mediated signaling in adult mouse ovary-derived OSCs cultured in vitro drives differentiation of these cells into IVD oocytes through Smad1/5/8 activation and transcriptional up-regulation of key meiosis-initiating genes.
Nitrification in the Hyporheic Zone of a Desert Stream Ecosystem

Nitrification in the hyporheic zone of Sycamore Creek, a Sonoran Desert stream, was examined, focusing on the association between respiration and nitrate production. Subsurface respiration in Sycamore Creek is highest in regions of hydrologic downwelling where organic matter derived from the stream surface is transported into the hyporheic zone. Similarly, nitrification was closely related to hydrologic exchange between the surface and hyporheic zone. Nitrification in downwelling regions averaged 13.1 μ gNO 3 -N· L sediments -1 · h -1 compared with 1.7 μ gNO 3 -N· L sediments -1 · h -1 in upwelling regions. Hyporheic respiration also varies temporally as a result of flash floods which scour and remove algae from the stream and thus reduce the pool of organic matter to support subsurface metabolism. Nitrification was also significantly affected by flooding; nitrification increased from an average of only 3.0 μ gNO 3 -N· L sediments -1</su...
HDL antioxidant effects as assessed using a nonexchangeable probe to monitor particle-specific peroxidative stress in LDL-HDL mixtures'

High density lipoproteins (HDL) have been reported to inhibit oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) based in part on observations that oxidative changes occur more slowly in LDL-HDL mixtures than in LDL alone. In the current studies, we developed an approach to discern particle-specific oxidation kinetics within mixed particle systems using the oxidation-labile fluorescent probe parinaric acid cholesteryl ester (PnCE) and applied this to the study of HDL inhibition effects. PnCE was introduced into acceptor lipoproteins by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-mediated transfer from donor microemulsions. Incubation of PnCE-containing LDL and HDL with non-probe-containing HDL and LDL, respectively, followed by measurement of reisolated fractions, indicated that PnCE does not transfer appreciably between lipoprotein fractions. Oxidative loss of lipoprotein-associated PnCE occurred essentially in tandem with changes in conjugated dienes, suggesting that PnCE loss reflects the course of peroxidation of endogenous lipoprotein lipids. Using PnCE to separately monitor LDL- and HDL-specific oxidation within LDL-HDL mixtures, we obtained direct evidence that HDL inhibits both Cu(2+)- and Fe(3+)-induced peroxidation of LDL-associated lipids. Notably, in the presence of Cu2+, loss of HDL-associated PnCE fluorescence also was inhibited in LDL-HDL co-incubations, suggesting that LDL exert an antioxidant effect under these conditions as well. Thus, results obtained using this new methodology are consistent with previously reported antioxidant effects of HDL, but indicate that the behavior of individual lipoprotein particles may be more complicated than can be predicted from the collective behavior of the lipoprotein mixture.
The Planning Commissioners Guide, by C. Gregory Dale, Benjamin A. Herman, & Anne F. McBride

This is a wonderful little book, accessible in both size and scope for the intended audience. The authors explain that it is a companion volume to their earlier Citizen's Guide to Planning (APA Pla...
A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Timing of Preparation for Capsule Enteroscopy.

Background/aims Intestinal lavage (IL) administration immediately before capsule enteroscopy (CE) is superior to lavage the day before the procedure. We aimed to determine the effect of IL timing on CE diagnostic yield. Methods Patients referred for CE were randomized prospectively into two equal groups according to the timing of IL with 2 L of polyethylene glycol solution. Group A and B underwent IL over 2 hours beginning 14 and 4 hours, respectively, before the scheduled CE. The primary outcome measure was preparation quality, measured with a predetermined validated grading scale. Results A total of 34 patients were randomized. The frequency of mucosal abnormalities (77% vs. 82%, p=not significant [NS]) and diagnostic yield (47% vs. 53%, p=NS) were similar between the two groups. Moreover, no significant association between the quality of small bowel preparation and the timing at which the purgative for IL was administered was observed (overall fluid transparency, p=0.936; overall mucosal invisibility, p=0.091). Conclusions Day-before IL is equivalent to same-day IL in terms of overall preparation quality, proportion of complete studies to cecum, small bowel transit time, frequency of identified mucosal abnormalities, and overall diagnostic yield.
AEROBATIC FLIGHT TRAINING FOR U.S. COMMERCIAL PILOT APPLICANTS: SHOULD IT BE MANDATORY?

Commercial pilot applicants in the U.S. are not required to have any aerobatic training. Sometimes airplanes flown by these pilots encounter weather, turbulence, or other factors that can cause loss of control. When an aircraft is out of control and in an extreme unusual attitude, the flight controls respond differently. If the pilot is not familiar with aerobatics, an accident can result. Since pilots have a vested interest in improving the safety of the aviation industry, the hypothesis was that pilot attitudes would be favorable towards mandatory aerobatic training for the issuance of a commercial pilot certificate. Other industry professionals and literature review support the notion that aerobatic training would (or does) improve aviation safety. A survey designed to measure quantitative and qualitative attitudinal data on a 4-item forcedresponse Likert scale was used to measure the correlation of pilots’ aerobatic experience with their confidence levels. Also measured were open-response items addressing comments or concerns voiced by the subjects. There was significant correlation of the pilots’ aerobatic experience level to increased confidence levels. Also, the participants all indicated that aerobatic training would or has made them safer pilots. Thus, the findings support the hypothesis that pilots would be in favor of mandatory aerobatic training for the issuance of a US commercial pilot’s license.
Work Group Orientation of Industrial Workers

This study examines the empirical validity of theuniqueness of Japanese employees' group orientation on the basis of the Japan-U. S. gender comparisons of individual work attitudes. The study investigates the persistence of cultural and gender discrepancies in group attitudes when considering structural factors of work. Analyses of the data from Japanese and American manufacturing employees suggest that job structures, in particular the degree to which team work is required and the level of intrinsic job rewards, are important determinants of work group attitudes for employees in Japan and the United States. The findings, however, indicate that gender and nationality differences in work group orientations do not necessarily stem from the fact that jobs are differently structured for men and women in organizations in the two countries.The possibility of cultural embeddedness of individual affective work orientations is discussed.
Field dependence and reaction time in senior tennis players (65 and over).

Rod-and-frame errors and speed of response are both thought to reflect, in part, differential ability in selective attention, or one's ability to focus on the salient perceptual factors of a given ...
Social Structure and Aggressive Behavior in a Population of Microtus pennsylvanicus

Data from multiple-capture live traps were analyzed to obtain indications of social structure within a meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus , population in southern Wisconsin. The population was estimated to be in the first year of the decline after a peak density. More than 750 instances of multiple captures were obtained from August to December 1967. These captures were analyzed for indications of pair formation, social antagonism between sexes or age classes or both, and general level of aggressive behavior within the population. There was no indication of greater antagonism between adult males than between adult females or between males and females. There was no indication of significant antagonism between adult and immature males. Survival of immature males was as great as, or greater than, that of immature females. These observations are consistent with the theory of little antagonism between males during the declining phase of the population cycle. There were significantly more captures of adult females with immature males than any other age-sex combination; the biological significance of this was not determined. There was no indication of lasting pair formation or of siblings remaining together once they had dispersed from their site of birth. There was no indication of formalized social structure within the meadow vole population; movement and association of individuals within the population appeared random.
Quantitative photochemical immobilization of biomolecules on planar and corrugated substrates: a versatile strategy for creating functional biointerfaces.

Methods for the generation of substratespresenting biomolecules in a spatially controlled manner are enabling tools for applications in biosensor systems, microarray technologies, fundamental biological studies and biointerface science. We have implemented a method to create biomolecular patterns by using light to control the direct covalent immobilization of biomolecules onto benzophenone-modified glass substrates. We have generated substrates presenting up to three different biomolecules patterned in sequence, and demonstrate biomolecular photopatterning on corrugated substrates. The chemistry of the underlying monolayer was optimized to incorporate poly(ethylene glycol) to enable adhesive cell adhesion onto patterned extracellular matrix proteins. Substrates were characterized with contact angle goniometry, AFM, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Importantly, radioimmunoassays were performed to quantify the site density of immobilized biomolecules on photopatterned substrates. Retained function of phot...
Peter L. Berger et la sécularisation Le cas québécois mis à l’épreuve ?

Discussions of the work of Peter L. Berger allow one to reclaim, to reflect and to critique his sociological thinking from a Quebecois point of view. His works, among which The Sacred Canopy (1967) is essential, open, more particularly, the door to reflection on the place of the religious in the public sphere at the beginning of the 21st century and likewise enable a response to the question of the rapid change in the religious landscape in Quebec since the end of the 1960s. In this article, we present a description of two theoretical positions developed by Peter L. Berger in the 20th century, one favourable to the thesis of secularization, the other unfavourable. These opposed positions and criticisms of them within intellectual circles will also be briefly considered. Through a typology developed from the transformation of the religious landscape in Quebec in the 20th century, questions will then be raised about recent studies on secularization in Quebec. The Quebecois case provides nuance for Berger’s ...
Low-lying modes of trapped condensed atoms in anharmonic trap

Abstract We describe the physical properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEc) confined by a three-dimensional harmonic plus cubic and quartic trap. To this end, we solve the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation within a variational approach in order to obtain a set of second ordinary differential equations for the condensate widths. We then discuss in detail the low-lying oscillation modes, in an anharmonic trap where the anharmonicity of the confining potential leads to significant effect on the collective excitations of the system.
Delayed Feedback Control Laws for Rijke Tube Thermoacoustic Instability, Synthesis, and Experimental Validation

We approach the thermoacoustic instability problem in Rijke tubes from a mathematically novel perspective. In this benchmark experimental setting, the complex dynamic exchange between the unsteady heat release and the acoustic pressure variations creates the instability. When linearized, this behavior leads to a neutral class time-delayed dynamics with multiple independent delays, where our major contribution arrives. We aim to synthesize a series of stabilizing feedback control strategies for this dynamics. A recent mathematical paradigm, called the cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR), is used to facilitate this objective. This paradigm, in essence, declares the necessary and sufficient stability conditions in the space of the system and controller parameters. The main contributions of this brief are in the first-time deployment of CTCR in the syntheses of various feedback control laws and validating experiments.
Bioprocessing-Based Approach for Bitumen/Water/Fines Separation and Hydrocarbon Recovery from Oil Sands Tailings

AbstractOil sands are a major source of oil, but their industrial processing generates tailings ponds that are an environmental hazard. The main concerns are mature fine tailings (MFT) composed of residual hydrocarbons, water, and fine clay. Tailings ponds include toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, and toxic organics including naphthenics. Naphthenic acids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrade very slowly and pose a long-term threat to surface and groundwater, as they can be transported in the MFT. Research into improved technologies that would enable densification and settling of the suspended particles is ongoing. In batch tests, BioTiger™, a microbial consortium that can metabolize PAHs, demonstrated improved oil sands tailings settling from a Canadian tailings pond. Results also showed, depending on the timing of the measurements, lower suspended solids and turbidity. Elevated total organic carbon was observed in the first 48 hours in the BioTiger™-treated columns and then decreased in ov...
Cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazoline) Magnesium and Zirconium Complexes in Aminoalkene Hydroaminations

A new class of cyclopentadiene-bis(oxazoline) compounds and their piano-stool-type organometallic complexes have been prepared as catalysts for hydroamination of aminoalkenes. The two compounds MeC(OxMe2)2C5H5 (BoMCpH; OxMe2 = 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline) and MeC(OxMe2)2C5Me4H (BoMCptetH) are synthesized from C5R4HI (R = H, Me) and MeC(OxMe2)2Li. These cyclopentadiene-bis(oxazolines) are converted into ligands that support a variety of metal centers in piano-stool-type geometries, and here we report the preparation of Mg, Tl, Ti, and Zr compounds. BoMCpH and BoMCptetH react with MgMe2(O2C4H8)2 to give the magnesium methyl complexes {BoMCp}MgMe and {BoMCptet}MgMe. BoMCpH and BoMCptetH are converted to BoMCpTl and BoMCptetTl by reaction with TlOEt. The thallium derivatives react with TiCl3(THF)3 to provide [{BoMCp}TiCl(μ-Cl)]2 and [{BoMCptet}TiCl(μ-Cl)]2, the former of which is crystallographically characterized as a dimeric species. BoMCpH and Zr(NMe2)4 react to eliminate dimethylamine and afford {BoMCp}Zr(NM...
Successful completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection for esophageal cancer after perforation: a case for endoscopic stenting.

Abstract Iatrogenic esophageal perforation during endoscopy in the setting of malignancy is an uncommon but often devastating complication and presents a formidable challenge to the surgeon. We sought to determine the efficacy of a self-expanding plastic stent for esophageal perforation before neoadjuvant chemoradiation in a single patient. A 74-year-old woman with a T4N0 adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction was perforated during upper endoscopy. We elected to manage the perforation with a silicone-covered, self-expanding Polyflex stent. Subsequent studies revealed good positioning of the stent with exclusion of the perforation from the esophageal lumen. The patient subsequently underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy with cisplatin, 5-flourouracil, and external beam radiation (2640 Gy) followed by minimally invasive, hand-assisted transhiatal esophagogastrectomy. We describe the first case of endoscopic stenting for locally advanced, perforated esophageal cancer for the purposes of administering neoadjuvant chemoradiation as a bridge to definitive surgery. This patient was able to resume oral nutrition after stenting and during neoadjuvant therapy, experiencing no major complications from chemoradiation. Chemoradiation does not necessarily preclude the use of endoscopically placed covered plastic esophageal stents as a bridge to resection, even in the face of iatrogenic perforation.
Queer identity online

In this study, we explored how social media, particularly social networking sites, serve as informal learning environments for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and otherwise-identified (LGBTQ) individuals during formative stages of their evolving LGBTQ identity. We conducted semi-structured interviews (N=33) probing LGBTQ individuals use of social media and identified three educational uses tied to online information seeking: traditional learning (e.g., information seeking about LGBTQ-related issues), social learning (e.g., observing role models or other LGBTQ individuals behavior and experiences), and experiential learning (e.g., experimenting with online dating sites and dating apps). These experiences were especially common during the coming out process. Participants also reported a fourth educational function, teaching (e.g., sharing information with others about their experiences as an LGBTQ individual). Teaching was more common among individuals who were out and those with less common identities (e.g., asexual and transgender). Several affordances of social media, including visibility, association, persistence, anonymity, and interactivity enabled these learning experiences. LGBTQ individuals use online resources to learn about their emerging identity.LGBTQ individuals engage in traditional, social, & experiential learning online.LGBTQ individuals also reported teaching others about their identity online.Social media are a key source for informal learning among LGBTQ individuals.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 20-2016. A 50-Year-Old Man with Cloudy Vision, Hearing Loss, and Unsteadiness.

A 50-year-old man with psoriatic arthritis and HIV infection presented with cloudy vision, decreased hearing, and gait instability. Two months earlier, the patient had begun taking antiretroviral medications. A diagnostic test result was received.
Challenges in compiling Coq

The Coq proof assistant is increasingly used for constructing verified software, including everything from verified microkernels to verified databases. Programmers typically write code in Gallina (the core functional language of Coq) and construct proofs about those Gallina programs. Then, through a process of "extraction", the Gallina code is translated to either OCaml, Haskell, or Scheme and compiled by a conventional compiler to produce machine code. Unfortunately, this translation often results in inefficient code, and it fails to take advantage of the dependent types and proofs. Furthermore, it's a bit embarrassing that the process is not formally verified.Working with Andrew Appel's group at Princeton, we are trying to formalize as much of the process of extraction and compilation as we can, all within Coq. I will talk about both the opportunities this presents, as well as some of the key challenges, including the inability to preserve types through compilation, and the difficulty that axioms present.
A study of face recognition of identical twins by humans

Recent studies have shown that face recognition performance degrades considerably for images of identical twins. Human face matching capability is often considered as a benchmark for assessing and improving automatic face recognition algorithms. In this work, we investigate human capability to distinguish between identical twins. If humans are able to distinguish between facial images of identical twins, it would suggest that humans are capable of identifying discriminating facial traits that can potentially be useful to develop algorithms for this very challenging problem. Experiments with different viewing times and imaging conditions are conducted to determine if humans viewing a pair of facial images can perceive if the image pairs belong to the same person or to a pair of identical twins. The experiments are conducted on 186 twin subjects, making it the largest such study in the literature to date. We observe that humans can perform the task significantly better if they are given enough time and tend to make more mistakes when images differ in imaging conditions. Our analysis also suggests that humans look for facial marks like moles, scars, etc. to make their decision and do worse when presented with images lacking such marks. Experiments with automatic face recognition systems show that human observers outperform automatic matchers for this task.
Friederike Eigler. Heimat, Space, Narrative: Toward a Transnational Approach to Flight and Expulsion. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014. 211 pp.

Amid the humanities' proliferating cultural turns, German Literary Studies has remained a vibrant field in which one can increasingly appreciate the value of transnational approaches. Doubtlessly i...
The Hematopoietic Origin of Tumor Fibroblasts and Pericytes.

The role of the tumor stroma in solid tumor progression and invasion has become an important area of current research and has potential as a therapeutic target. The tumor stroma is composed of a variety of cell types including immune cells, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and vascular cells (i.e., endothelial cells and pericytes). It was recently reported that crude bone marrow cells have the ability to transdifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells within the tumor capsule and fibroblast-like pericytes associated with the tumor vasculature. However, it is unclear whether these cells are of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) or stromal/mesenchymal stem cell (SSC) origin. We tested the hypothesis that tumor fibroblasts are derived from HSCs by combining a single HSC transplantation strategy with murine tumor models. For these studies, single cells were sorted from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) murine bone marrow based on surface antigen expression (Lin−c-kit+Sca-1+CD34−) or Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion (side population). Individual cells were deposited into wells of a 96-well plate and cultured for one week. Each viable clone (derived from a single stem cell) was then transplanted into a lethally irradiated mouse. Two months later, mice showing high levels (60–90%) of multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution were injected subcutaneously with either murine melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Murine melanoma cells (K1735-M2) were a generous gift from Mary Hendrix (University of Iowa, IA) and murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA). After 7–10 days, tumors were extracted and processed for paraffin sectioning. Analysis of thin 3-micrometer sections using differential interference contrast (DIC) and epifluorescence microscopy showed two major populations of EGFP+ cells within the tumor. The first was found within the tumor capsule and had morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. To determine if these cells were indeed fibroblasts, in situ hybridization studies were conducted using a riboprobe for the alpha 1 subunit of type I collagen. Type I collagen mRNA expression was detected in a subpopulation of EGFP+ cells in the tumor capsule, indicating that these HSC-derived EGFP+ cells are fibroblasts. The second cell type was found associated with the blood vessels of the tumor. Analysis of the morphology of these cells using high magnification DIC and epifluorescence microscopy suggested that these cells were not endothelial cells, but support cells (pericytes) in close contact with the endothelium. Immunohistochemical examination of these cells using antibodies to CD31, a protein expressed by endothelial cells, and laser scanning confocal microscopy confirmed that these cells were not endothelial cells (EGFP+/CD31−). Transplantation of 100 Lin−c-kit+ Sca-1+CD34− bone marrow cells without culture produced the same results. These findings establish a hematopoietic origin of fibroblasts comprising the tumor capsule and pericytes of the tumor vasculature.
Adult Digital and Metacarpal Injuries

Adult digital and metacarpal injuries including metacarpal fractures (Fig. 12.1), interphalangeal dislocations (Fig. 12.2), amputations, and nailbed injuries are common and require prompt evaluation. It is important to assess neurovascular status, need for antibiosis, mechanism of injury, and presence and extent of nail plate injuries.
The dynamic behavior of nucleating aerosols in constant reaction rate systems: Dimensional analysis and generic numerical solutions

ABSTRACTAerosol particles are formed by chemical transformations in diverse systems including the atmosphere, fossil fuel combustors, aerosol synthesis reactors, and semiconductor processing equipment. This article discusses solutions to the aerosol population balance equations that account for nucleation, coagulation, wall deposition, scavenging by preexisting particles, and dilution with particle-free air in spatially homogeneous systems when a condensing species is produced by gas phase reactions at a constant rate. Two nucleation mechanisms are considered: classical nucleation due to competing rates of condensation and evaporation, and chemical nucleation due to acid-base reactions. The equations, which apply to a single component system (two components, the acid and base, are included for acid-base nucleation), are cast in a dimensionless form. This leads to dimensionless parameters (dimensionless rate constants) that characterize the importance of each process. When these parameters are sufficiently...
Comparison of machine-learning algorithms for classification of VPN network traffic flow using time-related features

Network traffic classification and characterisation is playing an increasingly vital role in understanding and solving security-related issues in internet-based applications. The priority of resear...
Formulation of optimal surrogate descriptions of fuels considering sensitivities to experimental uncertainties

Abstract Transportation fuels consist of a large number of species that belong to different families of compounds. Surrogate fuel representations have been formulated to better understand their fundamental chemical composition and to emulate combustion properties. These descriptions are formulated using experiments or through computations, which has thus led to the existence of two different notions of surrogates. There is further distinction of concepts through the use of physical and chemical surrogates, which are designed to emulate those specific properties. Although several surrogate design methodologies have been proposed in literature, they do not incorporate information on experimental uncertainty. By addressing this issue, it is shown that this information is crucial for the reliable construction of surrogates through computations. To incorporate physical fuel properties, a consistent approach through the use of the recent ASTM D2887 distillation curve standard is discussed. Then, a formal computational procedure is presented that incorporates information of experimental uncertainties into the surrogate description. It is shown that surrogates then describe a feasible region and are hence not unique. Both physical and chemical properties are utilized as combustion property targets (CPTs) and consistency with experimental formulations is demonstrated for JP-8 and Jet-A (POSF 4658) surrogates. In addition, the use of convex optimization puts existing concepts for surrogate representation on a more rigorous basis and several conclusions are drawn, particularly on the importance of specific CPTs and weighting factors of regression-based approaches. Also, the effect of using simplified models for the evaluation of CPTs on the final surrogate composition is shown by considering the example of linear blending rules for ignition delay. Finally, the surrogate representation problem is connected to multi-parametric optimization and bounds on surrogate compositions are calculated as a function of the experimental uncertainty along with comparisons against experimental results.
The effects of money exposure on testosterone and risk-taking, and the moderating role of narcissism

Abstract Although prior research has demonstrated that reminders of money influence motivations and behaviors, there has been scant attention to whether money cues can alter physiological responses. An experiment testing male participants assessed whether being randomly assigned to handle money versus paper would change men's testosterone levels and affect financial risk-taking. Results showed that the effects of handling money on testosterone levels and risk-taking depended on trait narcissism. Among men low in narcissism, handling money led to a greater increase in testosterone levels from Time 1 (baseline) to Time 2 (post-manipulation) compared with their counterparts in a neutral, non-money condition. Conversely, highly narcissistic men who were randomly assigned to handle money exhibited a weaker increase in testosterone levels relative to men in the neutral condition. The results of moderated mediation analyses suggested that money exposure affected financial risk-taking through changes in testosterone levels. Men low in narcissism became more inclined to take risks through an increase in testosterone levels, whereas men high in narcissism became more risk averse via a decrease in testosterone levels.
A Clocking Strategy for Scalable and Fault-Tolerant QDCA Signal Distribution in Combinational and Sequential Devices

A signal distribution network (SDN) for Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QDCA) devices is described. This network allows the distribution of a set of inputs to an arbitrary number of outputs in any desired order, overcoming the challenges associated with wire crossings that have faced QDCA systems in the past. The proposed signal distribution network requires only four distinct clock signals, regardless of the number of inputs or outputs, and those clock signals each repeat a very simple pattern. This network is highly scalable, completing the distribution of N inputs to an arbitrary number of distributed signals in 4N – 2 clock cycles. The operation of this device is demonstrated by applying it to a two-input/one-output XOR gate and a three-input/two-output full adder. A modified SDN customized for use with sequential devices is also shown.
Monte Carlo Simulation Modeling of Nanoparticle-Polymer Cosuspensions.

Creation of high-quality and novel polymer–particle nanocomposites to a large extent depends on understanding the behaviors of individual polymer chains and particles, especially at the mixing state in a liquid solvent. Simulations can help identify critical parameters and equations that govern the suspension behaviors. This study is the first attempt to understand the agglomeration processes of ZnO nanoparticle and poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer cosuspensions through a constant number Monte Carlo simulation. A modified Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory is used to describe the particle–particle interactions that lead to agglomeration. The average agglomerate size and number are measured as a function of suspension resting time, particle to polymer volume ratio, polymer chain length, and suspension drying. The agglomerate size increases persistently with the resting time and particle content increase, ranging from 1.2 μm for the 1 vol % particle content suspension to 4.6 μm for the 20 vol % partic...
Clinicians' use of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders: results of a national survey.

Objective To determine clinicians' patterns of use of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) and their ratings of its utility and organization. Methods A telephone survey was conducted in one clinician practicing at each of 206 sleep centers accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Descriptive analyses were performed, and ratings for various sleep classifications were compared with ANOVA and post- hoc tests. Results Clinicians at 230/251 (92%) of contacted centers agreed to participate, and data from 206/251 (82%) were actually collected. The ICSD was used by 91.7% of clinicians for clinical decision making but by lower percentages for billing or medical record keeping. Features of the ICSD pertaining to clinical descriptions and differential diagnosis were rated as most useful. The Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) classification was rated more highly than ICSD in organization and ease of use. The ICSD and ASDC systems were rated more highly than other sleep disorders classifications in terms of organization, "fit" to patients, and ease of use. Conclusions The ICSD is used widely by clinicians, primarily for diagnostic purposes, and is preferred over more general sleep disorders classification systems. However, more favorable ratings for the ASDC compared to ICSD indicate the value clinicians place on easy-to-use, symptom-oriented classifications.
Learning From a Heart Transplant Patient.

I am currently a third-year emergency medicine resident physician in Philadelphia, and I love every minute of my job. I enjoy resuscitating septic patients. I like splinting the occasional fracture. I love calling those “STEMI” alerts. Amongst all of this chaos, I have become very interested in
Development and validation of a predictive model for American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status

The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification system was developed to categorize the fitness of patients before surgery. Increasingly, the ASA-PS has been applied to other uses including justification of inpatient admission. Our objectives were to develop and cross-validate a statistical model for predicting ASA-PS; and 2) assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the model by assessing associations between model-derived ASA-PS, observed ASA-PS, and a diverse set of 30-day outcomes. Using the 2014 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Participant Use Data File, we developed and internally cross-validated multinomial regression models to predict ASA-PS using preoperative NSQIP data. Accuracy was assessed with C-Statistics and calibration plots. We assessed both concurrent and predictive validity of model-derived ASA-PS relative to observed ASA-PS and 30-day outcomes. To aid further research and use of the ASA-PS model, we implemented it into an online calculator. Of the 566,797 elective procedures in the final analytic dataset, 8.9% were ASA-PS 1, 48.9% were ASA-PS 2, 39.1% were ASA-PS 3, and 3.2% were ASA-PS 4. The accuracy of the 21-variable model to predict ASA-PS was C = 0.77 +/− 0.0025. The model-derived ASA-PS had stronger association with key indicators of preoperative status including comorbidities and higher BMI (concurrent validity) compared to observed ASA-PS, but less strong associations with postoperative complications (predictive validity). The online ASA-PS calculator may be accessed at https://s-spire-clintools.shinyapps.io/ASA_PS_Estimator/ Model-derived ASA-PS better tracked key indicators of preoperative status compared to observed ASA-PS. The ability to have an electronically derived measure of ASA-PS can potentially be useful in research, quality measurement, and clinical applications.
Recent Developments in Patent Law 2020

A summary of the most significant developments in patent law for the year ending April 19, 2020.
Feminist Philosophical Theology of the Atonement

This article seeks to address the doctrine of the atonement using both the methodology of philosophical theology as well as the voices of feminist theology. Working primarily with the Christus Vict...
How common are indwelling devices in hospitalized adults? A contemporary point prevalence study in a tertiary care hospital.

Background Healthcare associated infections are associated with indwelling devices. Yet, data regarding prevalence of indwelling devices in noncritically ill hospitalized patients remains scant. Methods Adult, noncritically ill patients on general care, telemetry, and surgical floors at our quaternary care hospital were surveyed on 2 separate days. Data regarding presence of indwelling vascular, urinary, and gastrointestinal devices, as well as nurse to patient ratio on each unit were collected. Results There were 1,229 devices observed among the 857 patients surveyed across 2 days. Of the surveyed patients, 780 (91.0%) had at least 1 indwelling device. Among all devices, intravenous catheters were the most common (90.1%), followed by gastrointestinal devices (12.8%) and urinary catheters (10.2%). The most prevalent device was peripheral intravenous catheters. The median nurse to patient ratio was 3 patients to 1 nurse; no difference in nurse to patient ratio based on the number of devices present was observed. Conclusions Indwelling device use appears highly prevalent in general care settings and variation among devices is common. Healthcare associated infections prevention strategies targeting these devices are necessary.