cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tsunami Detection and Parameter Estimation From GNSS-R Delay-Doppler Map

In this paper, a scheme is developed to detect tsunamis and estimate tsunami parameters from Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) of a tsunami-dominant sea surface. First, a procedure to determine tsunami-induced sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs) from DDMs is presented, and a tsunami detection precept is proposed. Subsequently, the tsunami parameters (wave amplitude, direction and speed of propagation, wavelength, and the tsunami source location) are estimated based upon the detected tsunami-induced SSHAs. In application, the sea surface scattering coefficients are unambiguously retrieved by employing the spatial integration approach (SIA) and the dual-antenna technique. Next, the effective wind speed distribution can be restored from the scattering coefficients. Assuming that all DDMs are of a tsunami-dominated sea surface, the tsunami-induced SSHAs can be derived with the knowledge of background wind speed distribution. In addition, the SSHA distribution resulting from the tsunami-free DDM (which is supposed to be zero) is considered as an error map introduced during the overall retrieving stage and is utilized to mitigate such errors from influencing subsequent SSHA results. In particular, a tsunami detection procedure is conducted to judge the SSHAs to be truly tsunami-induced or not through a fitting process, which makes it possible to decrease the false alarm. After this step, tsunami parameter estimation is processed based upon the fitted results in the former tsunami detection procedure. Furthermore, an additional method is proposed for estimating tsunami propagation velocity and is believed to be more desirable in real-world scenarios. The above-mentioned tsunami detection precept and parameter estimation have been tested with simulated data based on the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman tsunami event. The errors of estimated tsunami wave amplitude, propagation direction and velocity, wavelength, and source location are 0.03 cm, 1.16°, 1.45 m/s, 5.82 km, and ( $-0.22^\circ\text{N}$ , $-0.67^\circ\text{E}$ ), respectively.
Simulation Analysis of Induced Voltage on Metal Sheath of Power Cable Based on Finite Element Method

In order to decrease the influence of induced voltage at metal sheath of single-core cable on the cable's lifetime and current-carrying capacity, and to select reasonable laying arrangement and distance for different cable structures, we numerically simulated and analyzed the induced voltage on metal sheath of various materials and structures. Firstly, we calculated the induced voltage on metal sheath of single-core cable using the analytic formulas based on electromagnetic induction law. Then, we established a 3-D model of metal sheath of single-core cable using Ansoft Maxwell 15, and validated the applicability of this finite element model. Meanwhile, we calculated the induced voltage of metal sheath and semiconduction shielding layer with different relative magnetic permeability and bulk conductivity, and then we analyzed the effect of steel armour coating on the induced voltage. The results show that, when the bulk conductivity of metal sheath increases from 105 S/m to 107 S/m, the induced voltage on metal sheath decreases by about 2.86%, but when the bulk conductivity of shield material increases from 104 S/m to 105 S/m, the induced voltage decreases by about 6.06%. Moreover, the induced voltage increases by about 48.48% when the relative magnetic permeability increases from 1 to 10 in metal sheath, and by about 6.06% for the similar increase in shield material. Compared with cable in the absence of metal amour, the induced voltage of cable in the presence of armour coat almost doubles.
New trends in combined transplantation of the heart and lungs

Heart-lung transplantation is a surgical alternative for patients with end-stage lung disease with associated right heart failure. While the procedure is very promising, the morbidity and mortality remain high. The current understanding of the proper selection of candidates, procurement and preservation of donor organs, operative procedure and postoperative care continues to evolve. At the University of Pittsburgh, 70 heart-lung transplantations have been performed since 1982. Early infection and chronic rejection are the major factors influencing survival. Early (less than 2 weeks) intrathoracic infection occurred in 43% of heart-lung transplant recipients, with pneumonia being the most frequent infection. The incidence of pneumonia in heart-lung transplant recipients is twice that in a comparable group of heart recipients. Subclinical pneumonitis in the donor lung, abnormal muco-ciliary clearance and altered allogenic response in the transplanted lung are significant factors associated with the increased incidence of early infections. Chronic rejection, manifested as bronchiolitis obliterans, has occurred in 54% of heart-lung transplantation recipients. Infection caused by cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Pneumocystis carinii have been shown to increase the incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans, as have episodes of acute rejection. Recent reports of a 61% 2-year survival rate represent a substantial improvement over earlier trials. With a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infection in the transplanted lung as well as improved immunosuppressive agents, further improvements in survival can be expected.
Hepatic uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine: electrochemical driving forces.

We used the multiple indicator dilution technique to assess the electrochemical forces driving uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) across the basolateral plasma membrane in the single-pass perfused rat liver. With the use of 4 g/dl albumin solutions, the influx and efflux clearances were 0.020 +/- 0.005 and 0.0049 +/- 0.0017 (SE) ml.s-1.g liver-1, respectively, indicating that the total T3 concentration at equilibrium should be about four times greater in cytoplasm than in plasma. However, when the influx and efflux clearances were divided by the unbound (free) T3 concentration in the perfusate and cytosol, they were not different (3.76 +/- 0.26 vs. 4.30 +/- 0.38 ml.s-1.g liver-1), indicating that the uptake process does not generate a gradient of unbound T3 across the plasma membrane. To further test whether T3 uptake is driven by the electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane, liver cells were depolarized by isosmotic replacement of perfusate chloride with gluconate. There was no effect on uptake or efflux. To test whether uptake is coupled to influx of sodium, perfusate sodium was replaced with choline. Although there was a modest decline in both the influx and efflux clearances, there was no change in their ratio, as would be expected for sodium-coupled active transport. These results indicate that uptake of T3 across the basolateral hepatocyte membrane occurs by passive diffusion. We found no evidence to support concentrative, active transport by either electrogenic or sodium-coupled mechanisms.
Aspirates with Macrophages and/or Colloid Only

Numerous histiocytes can be seen in a variety of hyperplastic and neoplastic benign and malignant thyroid nodules undergoing cystic degeneration. Typically, such cystic degeneration is seen on smears of fine needle aspiration as numerous foamy macrophages, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and scant colloid. Thyroid cysts are mostly benign. However, cysts are well-known causes of false-negative results. Risk factors for malignancy include large cysts, recurrent cysts, cysts in young males, and history of radiation. If macrophages only are present on a smear, other causes of cystic neck mass should be excluded.
High-data-rate millimeter-wave subcarrier transmission using feedforward optical modulation

The ability to transmit millimeter-wave signals over fiber opens up new possibilities for distributed antenna networks and phased- array systems. Previous results have demonstrated the transmission of millimeter-wave signals at 40 Mbit/s around 35 GHz by using narrow-band resonant enhancement.1 In this paper we report a system demonstration of 300-Mbit/s binary-phase- shift-keyed (BPSK) signal transmission at a carrier frequency of 39 GHz through 2.2 km of optical fiber, using a recently reported feedforward modulation technique.2 A bit error rate (BER) of 10-9 at a received optical power of —9.8 dBm has been achieved. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. The dotted enclosure represents the feedforward millimeter-wave optical modulator. Details of the operational principle of this modulation technique can be found in Ref. 2. In brief, a beat note at 36.5 GHz is generated by photomixing two 1.3-μιη distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers each with a free-running linewidth of 15 MHz and emitting at an optical power of 8 mW. The beat note is electrically-mixed with the input millimeter-wave signal that is centered at 39 GHz and contains pseudorandom (215 — 1) nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) BPSK data at 150-300 Mbit/s. The resulting i.f. error signal at fD = 39.0 — 36.5 = 2.5 GHz is fed forward to an external optical modulator with a 4-GHz electrical bandwidth.
Electronic structure of magnetic impurities and defects in semiconductors: A guide to the theoretical models

In the first part of this chapter, sections 1-4, we provide an introduction to the various theoretical and computational approaches relevant to dilute magnetic semiconductors. After a basic introduction to the electronic structure of partially filled d- and f-shell electrons, we discuss the computational methods necessary for the treatment of strongly correlated systems, comparing their strengths and weaknesses. This section incudes discussions of the essential problems of density functional theory for such systems and the methods to overcome them, such as LDA+U, self-interaction correction, the GW method and dynamic mean field theory. Next, we focus on magnetic properties and methods to calculate exchange interactions. In particular, we focus on how these are applied to dilute magnetic semiconductors and emphasize the role of the possibly inhomogeneous distribution of the defects and percolation aspects. In the second part, section 5, we discuss the case study of Gd doped GaN. This system was claimed to have colossal magnetic moments and high temperature ferromagnetism even in the extremely dilute limit. We provide a critical examination of the literature on this system, emphasizing the role of defect induced magnetism.
Cytology assessment can predict survival for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

BACKGROUND Histological features and Ki-67 index have known usefulness in predicting prognosis and guiding therapy among patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Fine-needle aspiration may offer advantages for Ki-67 assessment because the technique obtains highly cellular, well-preserved specimens with the potential for broader tumor sampling. In the current study, the authors evaluated concordance for grade and differentiation between concurrent core needle biopsy and cytology preparations. Cytological features and grade then were correlated with survival. METHODS Differentiation, grade by Ki-67 index, and correlation of these features with survival were compared between concurrent core needle biopsy and cytology specimens from 44 patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. RESULTS Differentiation by cytology smear resulted in 38 cases of well (86%) and 6 cases of poor (14%) differentiation. Agreement for differentiation between smear and cell block, smear and core needle biopsy, and cell block and core needle biopsy was 88%, 94%, and 83%, respectively, and agreement for grade was 68%, 54%, and 22%, respectively. Cytology differentiation and cytology grade were found to be strong predictors of outcome with respective hazard ratios of 8.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.1-22.1; P<.001) and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2-2.9) for each ascending grade. The median disease-specific survival cytology projections were 121 months (95% CI, 57-185 months [estimated]) for grade 1, 45 months (95% CI, 29-87 months) for grade 2, and 19 months (95% CI, 1-44 months) for grade 3, with median survivals of 45 months and 3 months, respectively, for patients with well-differentiated and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Grading of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms on cytology may not correlate exactly with concurrent core needle biopsy, but cytology differentiation and grade are predictive of survival based on stage-adjusted analysis. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:188-196. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Valve

Valvular aortic stenosis represents the most common congenital anomaly of the aortic valve. As such, this chapter focuses predominantly on this lesion’s diverse clinical presentations, pathophysiology, and current management strategies. Due to the marked differences between neonatal and childhood or adolescent valvular stenosis, anesthetic considerations are discussed in the context of each presentation. As a separate section within this chapter, supravalvular aortic stenosis is also reviewed. Though not indicated by its name, patients with supravalvular stenosis may also have stenosis at the valvular level (among other areas). Moreover, due to this lesion’s association with anesthetic morbidity and mortality, it warrants special attention. To assist in risk stratification and anesthetic planning, an overview of potential risk factors and pitfalls is presented.
Sexual coercion in couples with infertility: prevalence, gender differences, and associations with psychological outcomes

ABSTRACTInfertility can create challenges for couples’ sexual negotiation and could set the stage for sexual coercion (i.e. use of verbal pressure or force to obtain sex from an unwilling partner)....
Gross primary productivity of a large metropolitan region in midsummer using high spatial resolution satellite imagery

Although gross primary productivity (GPP) is estimated with remote sensing over large regions of Earth, urban areas are usually excluded due to the lack of light use efficiency (LUE) parameters for urban vegetation and the spatial heterogeneity of urban land cover. Here, we estimated midsummer GPP, both within and among vegetation and land-use types, across the Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota metropolitan region. We derived LUE parameters for urban vegetation types using estimates of GPP from tree sap flow and eddy covariance CO2 flux observations, and from fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation based on 2 m resolution WorldView-2 satellite imagery. Mean GPP per unit land area (including vegetation, impervious surfaces, and soil) was 2.64 g C m−2 d−1, and was 4.45 g C m−2 d−1 per unit vegetated area. Mapped GPP estimates were within 11.4% of estimates from independent tall tower eddy covariance measurements. Turf grass GPP had a larger coefficient of variation (0.18) than other vegetation classes (~0.10). Vegetation composition was largely consistent across the study area. Excluding golf courses, mean land-use GPP for the total study area varied more by percent vegetation cover (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.001) than by variability within vegetation classes (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.19). Urban GPP in general was less than half that of natural forests and grasslands in the same climate zone.
The importance of left heart disease as a cause of pulmonary hypertension in COPD.

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition that presents with varying degrees of severity and can be complicated by further comorbidities. Up to a third can also have pulmonary hypertension, which is an important risk factor associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. The etiology of pulmonary hypertension contributes to diagnosis. Considering and identifying the type of pulmonary hypertension at the right time will influence management and outcome in patients with COPD.
The Expression of Papillomaviruses in Epithelial Cells

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are infectious DNA viruses capable of inducing benign and occasionally malignant growths specifically in keratinizing epithelia. A small number of PVs, such as bovine PV type 1 (BPV-1), are capable of inducing tumors of fibroblasts as well as of epithelial cells. However, only in epithelial cells does papillomavirus undergo vegetative replication. Infection of fibroblasts yields no progeny virus and is therefore a biological dead end.
Permeabilization of MDCK cells with cholesterol binding agents: dependence on substratum and confluency

We studied systematically the susceptibility of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to permeabilization by two cholesterol binding agents, digitonin and streptolysin-O (SLO), under different culture conditions. Monolayers grown on polycarbonate filter chambers (Transwells) required twice the concentration of digitonin effective on monolayers grown on glass or plastic (80 vs. 40 micrograms/ml) to allow antibody penetration or the release of 90% of the cytosolic protein lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Neither the apical nor the basolateral surface showed preferential susceptibility to digitonin. Confluent MDCK cells, cultured either on filters or on impermeable substrates, showed poor antibody permeability after addition of commercial SLOs, even when used at concentrations 100 times higher (20 U/ml) than those effective on nonepithelial Chinese hamster ovary cells. Surprisingly, culture conditions that prevent tight junction formation and the acquisition of a polarized phenotype (< 10 microM Ca2+) increased dramatically the susceptibility to permeabilization by SLO. On restoration of normal Ca2+ levels, susceptibility to SLO quickly decreased. Thus conditions that lead to the full establishment of polarity result in decreased sensitivity to disruption by digitonin and SLO.
What Should We Pay for

This slogan expresses two ideas that are basic to compensation administration in the United States. The first is that work, in the form of the job, should be the major criterion for determining proper wage differentials within organization. The second is that fairness or equity is the major goal to be achieved by compensation administration. Both of these ideas are being called into question today by new ideas in compensation administration and pressures on organizations.
The Effects of Age and Skeletal Maturity on Healing of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

While conventional orthopaedic wisdom tells us that “kids heal faster than adults” for bone fractures, the effect of age on ligament healing is less well understood. To define this effect, a series of experiments were conducted to look at the effect of age on ligament healing. The results demonstrated that skeletally immature animals heal faster and more effectively than adult animals, due to improved cellular processes of migration and proliferation within the wound site. These cellular functions may be better in younger animals due to an increased presence of growth factor receptors on the young cells, which may make them better able to respond to the biologically active wound site. In this chapter, we will report on these results in greater detail.
Research Methodology and Measurement

Scientific research refers to controlled, systematic, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena that is guided by hypotheses and theory about supposed relations between such phenomena (Kerlinger, 1986). The method of science represents a method of knowing that is unique in that it possesses a self-correcting feature that verifies of disconfirms formally stated predictions (i.e., hypotheses) about natural phenomena. Cohen and Nagel (1934) identified three additional methods of knowing that are diametrically opposed to science: (a) the method of tenacity, (b) the method of authority, and (c) the method of intuition.
Is the U.S. Fair Use Doctrine Compatible with Berne and TRIPS Obligations

The compatibility of the U.S. fair use doctrine with international treaty norms has been questioned many times over the years by European and even American commentators. Does the fair use limitation on copyright’s exclusive rights comport with the “three-step test” that regulates the permissible scope of exceptions in national copyright laws under Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and in Article 13 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)? This test requires copyright exceptions to be for “certain special cases” and to neither interfere with “a normal exploitation” of protected works nor “unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests” of authors and other rights holders. Those who doubt its compatibility mostly point to the generality of the U.S. fair use provision and its seeming case-by-case indeterminacy to argue its failure to pass the first step of the test. This paper makes two main points in support of its thesis that the U.S. fair use limitation is indeed compatible with the three-step test. First, the U.S. fair use doctrine was accepted as consistent with the three-step test when the U.S. joined the Berne Convention in 1989. Its statutory embodiment recites several specific criteria that provide guidance to its interpretation, and the fair use caselaw has evolved to refine the types of special cases to which it applies, in accord with the first step of the test. Many functions served by the U.S. fair use doctrine are achieved elsewhere through specific exceptions. Because fair use cases carefully assess harms of challenged uses to markets for protected works and other legitimate interests, the fair use doctrine satisfies the second and third steps of the test. Second, the U.S. fair use doctrine has remained consistent with the three-step test since the U.S. agreed to abide by the TRIPS Agreement when it joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994. Several developments in recent years, including a proliferation of fair use and similar flexible copyright exceptions in the international arena and a fair-use-friendly provision in the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, signal a more receptive attitude internationally towards flexible, open-ended limits on copyright’s exclusive rights, particularly in light of extraordinary technological advancements in the digital age. These developments reinforce the paper’s conclusion that the U.S. fair use doctrine satisfies the TRIPS three-step test, notwithstanding certain recent criticisms. While we agree that it is conceivable that a particular overbroad appellate court decision applying the fair use doctrine could be challenged, we argue that none of the recent critiques of fair use decisions is sound or put the U.S. in danger of not complying with its international obligations.
Facile 18 F labeling of non-activated arenes via a spirocyclic iodonium(III) ylide method and its application in the synthesis of the mGluR 5 PET radiopharmaceutical [ 18 F]FPEB

Non-activated (electron-rich and/or sterically hindered) arenes are prevalent chemical scaffolds in pharmaceuticals and positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostics. Despite substantial efforts to develop a general method to introduce 18F into these moieties for molecular imaging by PET, there is an urgent and unmet need for novel radiofluorination strategies that result in sufficiently labeled tracers to enable human imaging. Herein, we describe an efficient method that relies on spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) precursors for one-step and regioselective radiofluorination, as well as proof-of-concept translation to the radiosynthesis of a clinically useful PET tracer, 3-[18F]fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl] benzonitrile ([18F]FPEB). The protocol begins with the preparation of a SCIDY precursor for FPEB, followed by radiosynthesis of [18F]FPEB, by either manual operation or an automated synthesis module. [18F]FPEB can be obtained in quantities >7.4 GBq (200 mCi), ready for injection (20 ± 5%, non-decay corrected), and has excellent chemical and radiochemical purity (>98%) as well as high molar activity (666 ± 51.8 GBq/μmol; 18 ± 1.4 Ci/μmol). The total time for the synthesis and purification of the corresponding labeling SCIDY precursor is 10 h. The subsequent radionuclide production, experimental setup, 18F labeling, and formulation of a product that is ready for injection require 2 h.
Structural Control Dynamics

This chapter introduces key mathematical formulations associated with structural control dynamics. First, the state-space formulation for a linear time-invariant single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is developed and used to generate the free vibration response. This solution provides the basis for establishing a criterion for dynamic stability of a linear SDOF system. Second, the linear SDOF state-space formulation is specialized to deal with discrete time control, where the feedback forces are computed at discrete time points and held constant over time intervals. Stability for discrete time feedback with time delay is examined in detail, and a numerical procedure for determining the time increment corresponding to a stability transition is presented and illustrated with examples. Finally, the state-space formulation is extended to linear multi-degree-of-freedoms systems. The modal properties for an arbitrary damping scheme are derived and used to generate the governing equations expressed in terms of the modal coordinates.
Activity of venetoclax-based therapy in TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.

7034Background: Mutations in TP53 are associated with low response rates to standard therapy and poor outcomes in patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Combination therapy with the BCL2...
Opportunities and Challenges of Claims-Based Quality Assessment: The Case of Postdischarge β-Blocker Treatment in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: To combat the high cost and increasing burden of quality reporting, the Medicare Payment Advisory (MedPAC) has recommended using claims data wherever possible to measure clinical qualit...
FDA pooled analysis of time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) in frontline advanced renal cell carcinoma trials.

5081Background: Time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) has been proposed as a potential pragmatic real-world data (RWD) endpoint, and was closely correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) in...
Practical Methods of Interference Cancelation for Power Measurements in a Reverberation Tent

In total radiated power (TRP) measurements, it is essential to eliminate the effects of electromagnetic interference caused by the ambient noise. The elimination is usually achieved by shielding. However, shielding may be insufficient, especially in reverberation tents. Under this condition, additional methods are needed to suppress the noise. Practical methods are proposed to suppress the effect of uncorrelated noise signals during the TRP measurement in the reverberation tents. The methods are validated for the cancelation of communication noise, including Wi-Fi, global system for mobile (GSM), and FM signals. If the noise reference signal is available, the noise contribution can be suppressed by ratio averaging. When the reference signal is hard to obtain, blind source separation allows separating the uncorrelated signals from the combination of the intended signal and noise. For intermittent signals, threshold cancelation is proposed.
Detecting first layer bond quality during FDM 3D printing using a discrete wavelet energy approach

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a highly versatile additive manufacturing method for 3D printing thermoplastic-based components at small as well as larger production scales. By combining the filament with fibers from other materials including wood, metal, glass, and carbon, the method can easily be adapted to print complex parts using a variety of materials. However, despite its popularity, online print quality and machine monitoring continue to remain a challenge. Here, we present the preliminary results from our efforts on using cheap off-the-shelf sensors in combination with discrete wavelet transform analysis to identify the differences in the vibroacoustic signals measured near the print area during successful and failed first layer filament deposition on the build plate. A failure in creating a strong first layer bond between the extruded filament and the build plate always results in a print failure and is one of most common print issues occurring in FDM printing. By controlling the extruder and build plate temperatures, we control the filament – build plate bond strength while measuring the generated vibroacoustic signals using a PVDF piezo sensor. The measured signals are analyzed using a discrete wavelet transform to partition the signal energy into different energy levels. For the cases studied, we find that the relevant noticeable differences can be observed in specific energy levels during good and bad bond formation. Reconstructing the signal using these energy contributions provides a time domain representation of signal differences under different conditions. The obtained results demonstrate that a cheap and easy to implement method can be developed using PVDF sensors in combination with a wavelet-based signal analysis approach.
Exhausted T cell signature predicts immunotherapy response in ER-positive breast cancer.

Responses to immunotherapy are uncommon in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and to date, lack predictive markers. This randomized phase II study defines safety and response rate of epigenetic priming in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors as primary endpoints. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included PD-L1 modulation and T-cell immune-signatures. 34 patients received vorinostat, tamoxifen and pembrolizumab with no excessive toxicity after progression on a median of five prior metastatic regimens. Objective response was 4% and clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD > 6 m) was 19%. T-cell exhaustion (CD8+ PD-1+/CTLA-4+) and treatment-induced depletion of regulatory T-cells (CD4+ Foxp3+/CTLA-4+) was seen in tumor or blood in 5/5 patients with clinical benefit, but only in one non-responder. Tumor lymphocyte infiltration was 0.17%. Only two non-responders had PD-L1 expression >1%. This data defines a novel immune signature in PD-L1-negative ER-positive breast cancer patients who are more likely to benefit from immune-checkpoint and histone deacetylase inhibition (NCT02395627).
A rare case of pediatric intranasal lobular capillary hemangioma

Pediatric nasal cavity vascular tumors express a wide variety of pathologies. Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) is an acquired benign vascular growth of skin and mucosa whose etiology remains unknown, though trauma and hormonal influences are implicated. Although well documented in the head and neck literature for children age five or less, it is a rarity within the nasal cavity and has yet to be documented in the mid-septum. We describe a unique case of intranasal LCH and review the current literature. A nine-year-old male presented with one week of profuse intermittent unilateral epistaxis and no history of nasal trauma. Rhinoscopy revealed a pink, pedunculated mass of the right mid-nasal septum at the bony-cartilaginous junction. CT and MRI imaging were consistent with an expansile vascular lesion receiving prominent bilateral sphenopalatine artery supply. Following embolization, en bloc endoscopic surgical excision of the lesion using cold dissection was performed with no bony or cartilaginous involvement noted. The epistaxis resolved following resection. Final histology confirmed the mass as a lobular capillary hemangioma. Paediatric intranasal LCH is a rare entity, yet warrants consideration in our differential diagnosis of pediatric vascular tumors. Our study indicates these lesions can develop in the mid-septum despite the absence of a vascular plexus. Preoperative embolization should be considered for pediatric nasal cavity tumors due to concern for hemorrhage. Endoscopic wide local excision is an appropriate and effective treatment.
TIP- The Web-Based Library Portal at Western Kentucky University and Its Implications for Libraries Becoming “Portals of First Choice” for Their Communities

Abstract This paper examines a library's need for a Web portal and reviews how Western Kentucky University Libraries and Museum created its unique library portal, the Topper InfoPortal (TIP). It also describes the unique concept and design of TIP and suggests that TIP can serve as a potential model for libraries to become “portals of first choice.”
Look! It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! No, It’s a Trespassing Drone

Drones have become increasingly popular as new uses are continuously discovered. However, landowners who watch drones fly over their yards and peer into their windows may not be as excited as the drone enthusiasts. Landowners are asking, “How can I keep that drone away from my property?” Do existing property laws addressing trespass and nuisance sufficiently protect landowners from unwanted drones? What rights and remedies are available to landowners to curtail intrusive drone use? How can business owners secure their property to prevent drones from obtaining confidential information during a drone flight? And how do state and federal regulators manage the challenges of navigation, hardware reliability, and airspace management?
Gastric remnant mesentero-axial volvulus following Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy: A rare complication.

Abstract Introduction Acute gastric volvulus is a surgical emergency with a mortality as high as 15–20%. The rarity of gastric volvulus requires high index of clinical suspicion especially in the patients with altered anatomy, to allow immediate surgical intervention and reduce the morbidity and mortality. Presentation of case We present an unusual case of gastric remnant volvulus several months following Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy performed in an obese patient for severe, recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and failed prior fundoplication. The patient was treated with gastropexy and Stamm gastrostomy tube. Discussion Gastric volvulus is a rare phenomenon, in which the stomach rotates around the short (mesentero-axial) or longitudinal (organo-axial) axes. Diagnosis of gastric volvulus is challenging due to non-specific presentation and rarity of this clinical condition. The diagnosis of volvulus in patients with altered anatomy is even more challenging, requiring a high index of suspicion, and heavily relies on cross sectional imaging. Conclusion Extensive gastric mobilization is a key step in several foregut and bariatric surgeries, this will leave the stomach with no attachments posteriorly and along the greater curvature and increases the likelihood of volvulus.
Education as Politics

As America has become more polarized, many teachers are uncomfortable facilitating political discussions, and student teachers afraid to answer questions “the wrong way.” They are, fundamentally, uncomfortable holding complicated conversations about politics and social problems, and feel they do not have the skills to facilitate them anyway. This chapter argues that the only way to help young people develop into participatory citizens in our democratic society is by helping them engage in complicated conversations about politics and social problems, including, but not limited to, race, religion, social class, and gender.
Evidence and theory for lower rates of depression in larger US urban areas

It is commonly assumed that cities are detrimental to mental health. However, the evidence remains inconsistent and at most, makes the case for differences between rural and urban environments as a whole. Here, we propose a model of depression driven by an individual's accumulated experience mediated by social networks. The connection between observed systematic variations in socioeconomic networks and built environments with city size provides a link between urbanization and mental health. Surprisingly, this model predicts lower depression rates in larger cities. We confirm this prediction for US cities using four independent datasets. These results are consistent with other behaviors associated with denser socioeconomic networks and suggest that larger cities provide a buffer against depression. This approach introduces a systematic framework for conceptualizing and modeling mental health in complex physical and social networks, producing testable predictions for environmental and social determinants of mental health also applicable to other psychopathologies.
Phases of N=\infty Gauge Theories on S^3 \times S^1 and Nonperturbative Orbifold-orientifold Equivalences

We study the phase diagrams of $N=\ensuremath{\infty}$ vectorlike, asymptotically free gauge theories as a function of volume, on ${S}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}$. The theories of interest are the ones with fermions in two index representations [adjoint, (anti)symmetric, and bifundamental abbreviated as QCD(adj), QCD(AS/S), and QCD(BF)], and are interrelated via orbifold or orientifold projections. The phase diagrams reveal interesting phenomena such as disentangled realizations of chiral and center symmetry, confinement without chiral symmetry breaking, zero temperature chiral transitions, and in some cases, exotic phases which spontaneously break the discrete symmetries such as $C$, $P$, $T$ as well as $CPT$. In a regime where the theories are perturbative, the deconfinement temperature in SYM, and QCD(AS/S/BF) coincide. The thermal phase diagrams of thermal orbifold QCD(BF), orientifold QCD(AS/S), and $\mathcal{N}=1$ SYM coincide, provided charge conjugation symmetry for QCD(AS/S) and ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ interchange symmetry of the QCD(BF) are not broken in the phase continuously connected to the ${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$ limit. When the ${S}^{1}$ circle is endowed with periodic boundary conditions, the (nonthermal) phase diagrams of orbifold and orientifold QCD are still the same, however, both theories possess chirally symmetric phases which are absent in $\mathcal{N}=1$ SYM. The match and mismatch of the phase diagrams depending on the spin structure of fermions along the ${S}^{1}$ circle is naturally explained in terms of the necessary and sufficient symmetry realization conditions which determine the validity of the nonperturbative orbifold-orientifold equivalence.
Nota sobre el tipo, la identificacion y la localidad del tipo de quercus oblongifolia var pallidinervis (fagaceae) en chihuahua

Cuando Trelease described the variety Quercus oblongifolia Torr. var. pallidinervis Trel. He indicated that the type was photographed in “Washington”, but the specimen that he illustrated was recently discovered to be in the Gray Herbarium. It is considered to be the holotype; a different specimen from the same collection resides in the US National Herbarium and is considered to be an isotype. Based on recent collections and the literature, the variety is determined to be a synonym of Quercus depressipes Trel. And its type locality to be in the Sierra de la Brena in northwestern Chihuahua.
A Natural Way to Write

Traditional writing instruction tacitly assumes that writing is a normal human activity requiring no fundamental cognitive work. We begin by acknowledging the fact that writing is utterly alien to the human evolutionary endowment. There is, however, a species-wide, ancient behavior underlying writing. Cognitive scientists call it "joint attention," and we think it is the most sensible and practical place to begin learning to write.
Advanced Techniques for Cell Lineage Labelling in Drosophila

The ability to mark and genetically manipulate clonally related cells in live organisms is invaluable for investigating the mechanisms of tissue development, homeostasis and repair. A wide variety of techniques have been developed in Drosophila melanogaster for this purpose. These cell lineage labelling techniques range from simple methods for randomly marking cells to complex schemes for differentially labelling and genetically altering specific cells or more than one clone at a time. For example, coupled MARCM makes it possible to simultaneously label both halves of a cell lineage with positive markers; FINGR uses a combinatorial approach, using Gal4 and Gal80, to provide finer spatial control over clone induction; Flybow and Drosophila Brainbow increase the resolution and efficiency of clonal analysis through multicolour labelling; and G-trace differentially marks cells that currently express a driver from cells that expressed the driver in the past. These labelling techniques each have their own advantages and disadvantages. But together they create a powerful arsenal of tools for the study of many diverse topics in tissue biology. Key Concepts: Cell lineage labelling is a technique, which allows populations of clonally related cells to be traced in vivo. Modern cell lineage labelling techniques in Drosophila allow cells to be labelled and genetically modified without invasive procedures. Cell lineage labelling has become the gold standard for the identification of stem cells in Drosophila. Recently developed cell lineage labelling techniques offer more flexibility, precision and control. Keywords: lineage analysis; clonal analysis; mosaic analysis; Drosophila; FLP/FRT; Gal4; UAS
Efficacy of Internal PIT Tagging of Small-Bodied Crayfish for Ecological Study

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for tracking crayfish spatiotemporally in streams. PIT tags can be inserted internally for long-term tracking, assuming low tagging mortality, or attached externally for shorter-term tracking until the individual molts. To date, the practical use of internal cephalothorax tagging has been limited to individuals >30 mm carapace length (CL). The efficacy of internal tagging for small-bodied crayfish species or juveniles of large-bodied species remains poorly understood. We conducted studies with the small-bodied Orconectes compressus (Slender Crayfish) to assess whether internal placement of small PIT tags (8.5 mm long, 2.12 mm diameter) was a viable methodology for future ecological work. In the field, we tagged 63 crayfish and monitored them with a portable transceiver system for 1.5 weeks. In the laboratory, we tagged 21 crayfish and maintained 21 control crayfish for 12 weeks. Crayfish averaged 1...
Nucleotide sequence of the nfo gene of Escherichia coli K-12.

Abstract The nfo gene of Escherichia coli K-12 which encodes endonuclease IV has been sequenced. The predicted gene product has a molecular weight of 31,562, in good agreement with the size of the gene product estimated by maxicell analysis. The nfo promoter was mapped by primer extension of in vivo transcripts. Inspection of the nucleotide sequence revealed no regions of potential secondary structure corresponding to a transcriptional terminator downstream from the structural gene; however, there was a potential open reading frame immediately downstream from the nfo structural gene.
Magnetic resonance imaging and liver histology as biomarkers of hepatic steatosis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Author(s): Schwimmer, Jeffrey B; Middleton, Michael S; Behling, Cynthia; Newton, Kimberly P; Awai, Hannah I; Paiz, Melissa N; Lam, Jessica; Hooker, Jonathan C; Hamilton, Gavin; Fontanesi, John; Sirlin, Claude B | Abstract: UnlabelledNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children. In order to advance the field of NAFLD, noninvasive imaging methods for measuring liver fat are needed. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great promise for the quantitative assessment of hepatic steatosis but has not been validated in children. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the correlation and diagnostic accuracy of MRI-estimated liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF), a biomarker for hepatic steatosis, compared to histologic steatosis grade in children. The study included 174 children with a mean age of 14.0 years. Liver PDFF estimated by MRI was significantly (P l 0.01) correlated (0.725) with steatosis grade. The correlation of MRI-estimated liver PDFF and steatosis grade was influenced by both sex and fibrosis stage. The correlation was significantly (P l 0.01) stronger in girls (0.86) than in boys (0.70). The correlation was significantly (P l 0.01) weaker in children with stage 2-4 fibrosis (0.61) than children with no fibrosis (0.76) or stage 1 fibrosis (0.78). The diagnostic accuracy of commonly used threshold values to distinguish between no steatosis and mild steatosis ranged from 0.69 to 0.82. The overall accuracy of predicting the histologic steatosis grade from MRI-estimated liver PDFF was 56%. No single threshold had sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be considered diagnostic for an individual child.ConclusionsAdvanced magnitude-based MRI can be used to estimate liver PDFF in children, and those PDFF values correlate well with steatosis grade by liver histology. Thus, magnitude-based MRI has the potential for clinical utility in the evaluation of NAFLD, but at this time no single threshold value has sufficient accuracy to be considered diagnostic for an individual child.
Application and performance of insulations for 500 c hypersonic aircraft generators

Advancements in design and performance of hypersonic aircraft have in recent years promoted increasing activity in the development of high-temperature insulating materials for air-borne electric power systems. Many applications of these material developments to electric apparatus have been reported to the AIEE and some of them have been recorded in Transactions.1,2,3,4
Diurnal rhythms of serotonin in monkey cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract Serotonin concentrations in lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from rhesus monkeys showed a diurnal variation as measured by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay. Temporally, CSF serotonin and melatonin diurnal patterns were similar, with concentrations of both rising at the beginning of the dark period and falling to baseline at the onset of lighting. The amplitude of the nighttime serotonin elevations showed marked variation across the seven monkeys studied. A single monkey studied for three consecutive days had temporally and quantitatively consistent melatonin and serotonin concentrations.
Individual differences, rereading, and self-explanation: concurrent processing and cue validity as constraints on metacomprehension accuracy.

The typical finding of metacomprehension studies is that accuracy in monitoring one’s own level of understanding is quite poor. In the present experiments, monitoring accuracy was constrained by individual differences in both reading comprehension ability and working memory capacity (WMC), but rereading particularly benefited low-ability and low-WMC readers, effectively eliminating the relationship between monitoring accuracy and these reader characteristics. In addition, introducing a self-explanation reading strategy improved the accuracy of all the readers above mere rereading. The observed interaction between individual differences and rereading is interpreted in terms of concurrent-processing constraints involved in monitoring while text is processed, whereas the more general self-explanation effect is interpreted in terms of accessibility of valid, performance-predicting cues.