cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring Patterns of Service Utilization Among Persons With Disabilities in a Consumer-Directed Care Program

Empirical evidence on the role financial institutions and home and community-based interventions play in influencing asset building among persons with disabilities is scarce. This article contributes to this effort directed at understanding such effects by exploring patterns of and barriers to use of banking services offered by the credit union that has enrolled persons with disabilities in Iowa under a home and community-based services waivers program. It is suggested that although banking services are not used by the majority of program participants, the credit union model has appeal. It provides an opportunity for people with disabilities to build savings for the purchase of goods and services that enhance their independence and productivity.
An efficient and accurate parallel algorithm for the singular value problem of bidiagonal matrices

In this paper we propose an algorithm based on Laguerre's iteration, rank two divide-and-conquer technique and a hybrid strategy for computing singular values of bidiagonal matrices. The algorithm is fully parallel in nature and evaluates singular values to tiny relative error if necessary. It is competitive with QR algorithm in serial mode in speed and advantageous in computing partial singular values. Error analysis and numerical results are presented.
Bis(diethylammonium) tetrachloridocuprate(II)

The structure of the title compound, (C4H12N)2[CuCl4] or [DEA]2[CuCl4] (DEA is diethyl­ammonium), at 84 (2) K has three crystallographically independent [CuCl4]2− anions in the asymmetric unit, each with a different geometry. These geometries range from essentially square-planar to compressed tetra­hedral geometry. The low-temperature structure reported here is the same as the room-temperature structure [Harlow & Simonsen (1976). Am. Crystallogr. Assoc. Ser. 2 Program Abstr. 4, Abstract PBlO], thereby confirming the absence of a low-temperature phase transition.
The flow theory of enzyme kinetics: Role of solid geometry in the control of reaction velocity in live animals

Abstract 1. 1. When blood flows, membranes are bombarded with ions etc., whose entry creates an ATP demand proportional to flow rate. Also proportional to flow rate is ATP production from oxidation of substrates [ S ] from the same blood volume. 2. 2. O 2 is limiting and reaction velocity at rest (metabolic rate) is determined by flow rate, F , but not by [ S ]. 3. 3. Since resting blood O 2 A-V difference is about 5 vol%, 11 circulated produces about 0.25 kcal in mammals, birds or warm reptiles. 4. 4. Where O 2 is not limiting, as in most amino acid deaminations, V = K F [ S ] with K a constant unrelated to K m . 5. 5. At equal blood vol/kg, solid geometry dictates that the average cross-sectional area of major vessels/kg will be an inverse function of body mass. The smaller the animal, the shorter the vessels, the “thicker” the vessels/kg body wt, and at any one blood pressure, the higher the flow/kg/hr. If a man's major vessels were equal in cross-section/kg to those of a shrew, it would take 2241 of blood to fill them. 6. 6. Growth decreases flow/kg (and therefore metabolic rate), by decreasing vessel cross-section/kg without changing blood pressure or linear velocity of flow. 7. 7. Surface area/g, body wt to some power, average vessel length/kg, circulation time and average major vessel cross-sectional area are all related mathematically.
Adult Cases of Leukoencephalopathy, Cerebral Calcifications, and Cysts: Expanding the Spectrum of the Disorder

Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts (LCC) was first reported in children who developed cognitive decline and variable extrapyramidal, cerebellar, and pyramidal signs, with or without seizures. Leukoencephalopathy with cerebral calcifications and cysts is characterized by progressive formation of brain cysts that can generate a mass effect simulating a neoplasm. Retinal changes that overlap with Coats disease, a microangiopathy with retinal telangiectasias and exudates, may also occur. We and others have reported LCC cases in adults. Neuroimaging shows diffuse leukoencephalopathy, multifocal calcifications especially of deep gray and white matter, multifocal enhancement, and variably sized cysts that may require surgical decompression. Biopsies adjacent to cysts have shown angiomatous and/or severely hyalinized blood vessels surrounded by myelin loss and gliosis, calcifications, and Rosenthal fibers. We report 2 additional adult-onset cases of LCC. Case 1 is a 40-year-old man who developed neurological symptoms and cirrhosis and died of acute gastrointestinal bleeding; he had numerous retinal microinfarcts at autopsy. Case 2 is a 55-year-old woman who was found by chance to have LCC; one and a half years later, her course remains benign. These cases expand the spectrum of adult-onset LCC, the etiology of which is unknown.
Equipotential recipes for unambiguous images: A reply to Rollins

(1994). Equipotential recipes for unambiguous images: A reply to Rollins. Philosophical Psychology: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 359-366.
GREEN'S FUNCTION OF A CENTERED PARTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATION

Applying a variation of Jacobi iteration we obtain the Green’s function for the centered partial difference equation �wwu(xw−1, yz) + �zzu(xw, yz−1) + f(u(xw, yz)) = 0, which is the result of applying the finite difference method to an associated nonlinear partial differential equation of the form uxx + uyy + h(u) = 0. We show that approximations of the partial differential equation can be found by applying fixed point theory instead of the standard techniques associated with solving a system of nonlinear equations.
Elton revisited: a review of evidence linking diversity and invasibility

It is commonly believed that diverse communities better resist invasion by exotic species than do simple communities. We examined the history of this notion, and evaluated theoretical and empirical work linking diversity and invasions. We found that much of the historical work that has contributed to the perception that diverse communities are less invasible, including Elton's observations and MacArthur's species-packing and diversity-stability models, is based on controversial premises. Nevertheless, more recent theoretical studies consistently supported the predicted negative relationship between diversity and invasibility. The results of empirical studies, however, were decidedly mixed. Constructed community studies directly manipulating diversity found both positive and negative effects of diversity on invasibility in both field and microcosm settings. Other empirical studies tracking the assembly of ecological communities generally suggested that communities decline in invasibility as species accumulate over time, though the role of diversity itself was often ambiguous. Studies of the spatial correlation between diversity and invasion and studies experimentally adding invaders to natural systems indicated that diverse communities tend to be more invasible. We argue that these results most likely reflect environmental factors spatially covarying with diversity in natural communities (e.g. resources, disturbance). and not the effects of diversity itself as uncovered by constructed community studies. Nevertheless, the consistent positive relationship between exotic species abundance and resident species diversity found in spatial pattern studies suggests that invaders and resident species are more similar than often believed, and the implications of this for theories of invasion are discussed.
An improved ultrasound simulation model: use in evaluating log versus linear processing for lesion detection.

Abstract This paper reports the development of an improved three-dimensional computer simulation model for evaluation of ultrasonic imaging systems. This model was used to successfully evaluate a signal processing method for improving lesion detection in ultrasound imaging. Linear processing of the rf signal amplitudes from a limited region of tissue was compared with the logarithmic compression employed by most commercial scanners. Two lesions were simulated by spherical distributions of scatterers having backscatter coefficients greater than the scatterers in the surrounding medium. Linear processing improved the differential contrast by a factor of about two. The simulation is based on the three-dimensional distribution of acoustic frequency spectra in a transducer beam and integration of scattered pulses from a corresponding three-dimensional array of scatterers. The simulation reported in previous papers depended upon physical measurement of the impulse response of a transducer. An original contribution described briefly herein, and in more detail in a companion article, is the addition of a model of the transducer's pulse waveform generation. Another new addition is the definition of a specific lesion detection task for objective assessment of a change in image quality following perturbation of some system parameter.
Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability

Productivity of aridland plants is predicted to increase substantially with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations due to enhancement in plant water-use efficiency (WUE). However, to date, there are few detailed analyses of how intact desert vegetation responds to elevated CO2. From 1998 to 2001, we examined aboveground production, photosynthesis, and water relations within three species exposed to ambient (around 38 Pa) or elevated (55 Pa) CO2 concentrations at the Nevada Desert Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Facility in southern Nevada, USA. The functional types sampled—evergreen (Larrea tridentata), drought-deciduous (Ambrosia dumosa), and winter-deciduous shrubs (Krameria erecta)—represent potentially different responses to elevated CO2 in this ecosystem. We found elevated CO2 significantly increased aboveground production in all three species during an anomalously wet year (1998), with relative production ratios (elevated:ambient CO2) ranging from 1.59 (Krameria) to 2.31 (Larrea). In three below-average rainfall years (1999–2001), growth was much reduced in all species, with only Ambrosia in 2001 having significantly higher production under elevated CO2. Integrated photosynthesis (mol CO2 m−2 y−1) in the three species was 1.26–2.03-fold higher under elevated CO2 in the wet year (1998) and 1.32–1.43-fold higher after the third year of reduced rainfall (2001). Instantaneous WUE was also higher in shrubs grown under elevated CO2. The timing of peak canopy development did not change under elevated CO2; for example, there was no observed extension of leaf longevity into the dry season in the deciduous species. Similarly, seasonal patterns in CO2 assimilation did not change, except for Larrea. Therefore, phenological and physiological patterns that characterize Mojave Desert perennials—early-season lags in canopy development behind peak photosynthetic capacity, coupled with reductions in late-season photosynthetic capacity prior to reductions in leaf area—were not significantly affected by elevated CO2. Together, these findings suggest that elevated CO2 can enhance the productivity of Mojave Desert shrubs, but this effect is most pronounced during years with abundant rainfall when soil resources are most available.
Cross-bridge interaction kinetics in rat myocardium are accelerated by strong binding of myosin to the thin filament

To determine the ability of strong-binding myosin cross-bridges to activate the myocardial thin filament, we examined the Ca2+ dependence of force and cross-bridge interaction kinetics at 15 degrees C in the absence and presence of a strong-binding, non-force-generating derivative of myosin subfragment-1 (NEM-S1) in chemically skinned myocardium from adult rats. Relative to control conditions, application of 6 microM NEM-S1 significantly increased Ca2+-independent tension, measured at pCa 9.0, from 0.8 +/- 0.3 to 3.7 +/- 0.8 mN mm-2. Furthermore, NEM-S1 potentiated submaximal Ca2+-activated forces and thereby increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of force, i.e. the [Ca2+] required for half-maximal activation (pCa50) increased from pCa 5.85 +/- 0.05 to 5.95 +/- 0.04 (change in pCa50 (dpCa50) = 0.11 +/- 0.02). The augmentation of submaximal force by NEM-S1 was accompanied by a marked reduction in the steepness of the force-pCa relationship for forces less than 0.50 Po (maximum Ca2+-activated force), i.e. the Hill coefficient (n2) decreased from 4.72 +/- 0.38 to 1.54 +/- 0.07. In the absence of NEM-S1, the rate of force redevelopment (ktr) was found to increase from 1.11 +/- 0.21 s-1 at submaximal [Ca2+] (pCa 6.0) to 9.28 +/- 0.41 s-1 during maximal Ca2+ activation (pCa 4.5). Addition of NEM-S1 reduced the Ca2+ dependence of ktr by eliciting maximal values at low levels of Ca2+, i.e. ktr was 9.38 +/- 0.30 s-1 at pCa 6.6 compared to 9.23 +/- 0.27 s-1 at pCa 4. At intermediate levels of Ca2+, ktr was less than maximal but was still greater than values obtained at the same pCa in the absence of NEM-S1. NEM-S1 dramatically reduced both the extent and rate of relaxation from steady-state submaximal force following flash photolysis of the caged Ca2+ chelator diazo-2. These data demonstrate that strongly bound myosin cross-bridges increase the level of thin filament activation in myocardium, which is manifested by an increase in the rate of cross-bridge attachment, potentiation of force at low levels of free Ca2+, and slowed rates of relaxation.
Health-Related quality of life of rural clients seeking telepsychology services

Sixty million US residents live in rural areas, but health policies and interventions developed from an urban mindset often fail to address the significant barriers to health experienced by these local communities. Telepsychology, or psychological services delivered by distance via technology, is an emerging treatment modality with special implications for underserved rural areas. This study found that a sample of rural residents seeking telepsychology services (n = 94) had low health-related quality of life (HRQOL), often due to cooccurring physical and mental health diagnoses including high rates of depression. However, a brief telepsychology treatment delivered to rural clients (n = 40) was associated with an improvement in mental health-related quality of life (d = 0.70, P < .001). These results indicate that despite the complex health needs of these underserved communities, telepsychology interventions may help offset the disparities in health service access in rural areas.
Equity-Oriented Reform Amid Standards-Based Accountability: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of an Intermediary’s Instructional Practices

Intermediary organizations increasingly provide support for schools serving marginalized students. Some attribute this trend to growing ideological support for market-based strategies to further the public good. This article investigates one intermediary that marketed equity-oriented instructional goals for schools serving high numbers of students of color and English Learners. Drawing on critical policy studies and political science, we analyze its behavior amid a high-stakes accountability environment, its reasons for adopting certain reforms, and the consequences for instruction. We use qualitative comparative analysis to show how policy forces shaped reforms and content in its schools, but not pedagogy specific to students of color or English Learners. We discuss the implications for the research on intermediaries and the democratic control of public education.
AHSCs: The Movement from Brokers of Scarce Resources to Victims of the Changing Environment of Healthcare Delivery

Academic health sciences centres in both the United States and Canada, once major "brokers" of medical and biomedical knowledge and other scare resources, are frequently depicted as "victims" of the environments in which they exist. While the national and local environments in which these organizations exist differ substantially, the integrity of AHSCs in both nations is threatened by a variety of emergent and continuing externalities. It is important that AHSCs develop a sufficient vision and market to be self-determining and successful in countering pressures that challenge their teaching, research and service activities. Leadership in both Canada and the United States must become much more skilled in strategic management to achieve this goal.
Associations between Recent Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Blood Pressure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease, and increased cardiovascular disease mortality (Dockery 2001; Miller et al. 2007). Studies have suggested that vascular, autonomic, endothelial functioning and/or inflammation are part of the mechanistic pathway (Brook et al. 2002; Choi et al. 2007; Diez Roux et al. 2006; Gold et al. 2000; O’Neill et al. 2005); yet much of the evidence has been weak or inconclusive/null, or has come from small studies and/or among persons with preexisting disease. Thus, much remains to be learned about the underlying mechanisms or pathways of particle-induced mortality and morbidity. High blood pressure (BP) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may be implicated in the association between ambient PM and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. PM ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (fine particles; PM2.5) can be effectively inhaled and deposited in the airways and alveolar surfaces, and thus have the potential to elicit health impacts [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2004]. Inhaled particles may down-regulate nitric oxide synthase and alter autonomic nervous system functioning (Gold et al. 2000; Haak et al. 1994)—thus potentially affecting cardiac output, arterial stiffening, vascular function and tone, and wave reflections. Only one study (Zanobetti et al. 2004, a repeated-measures study among cardiac patients) has found a positive association between fine particles and BP. Most studies examining fine particles and BP have found inverse (Brauer et al. 2001; Ebelt et al. 2005; Ibald-Mulli et al. 2004) or no (Jansen et al. 2005; Linn et al. 1999; Urch et al. 2005) association. Studies to date have examined PM2.5 effects among persons with preexisting disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiac disease) or a small number of healthy individuals participating in an exposure-chamber study. Studies in general population samples are lacking. Furthermore, prior studies have investigated relatively short lags, ranging from same day to the 5 prior days, with one repeated-measures study examining 12-day exposure (Jansen et al. 2005). We examined the cross-sectional relationship between relatively short-term exposure to PM2.5 (prior 1 day to prior 2 months) and BP in a large population-based sample. We hypothesized that recent exposure to PM2.5 would be positively associated with BP. We also hypothesized that proxies for traffic-related exposure would be associated with BP and would modify the association between background PM2.5 and BP, because near roadways PM2.5 may be higher and/or more toxic (Sanderson et al. 2005).
Secular trend of the Earth's rotation pole: consideration of motion of the latitude observatories

Secular polar motion has been recorded in ILS data over the past 75 years, an amount greater by a factor of ten than the ‘true polar wandering’ deduced from paleomagnetic data. In this work, the possibility that the secular trend is an observational artifact of the continental drift of the ILS stations is directly examined by consideration of several absolute plate velocity models earlier proposed by Minster et al. (1974), Kaula (1975), and Solomon, Sleep & Richardson (1975). The assumptions underlying those models are discussed; in general, the absolute velocity models are more likely to be valid when geologically short timescales are considered. The corrections to the ILS data due to the stations' motion fail by an order of magnitude to explain the ILS trend; even by taking into account possible plate hyperactivity and non-rigidity, the corrections could explain no more than 30 per cent of the trend. The corrections are small because the absolute plate velocities of North America and Eurasia are small and primarily east—west. Consequently, the rotation pole is undergoing significant motion of its own relative to the surface of the Earth. The Kimura z term found by the ILS observations provides an independent means of estimating the relative motion between Eurasia and North America. It also contains other geophysical information; the 7.5-yr periodicity discovered by Naito & Ishii (1974) may be widespread. Lastly, tectonically induced changes in the zenith direction, such as at Mizusawa, are probably too small to be detected, contrary to earlier proposals.
Dual Inhibition of Human Rhinovirus 2A and 3C Proteases by Homophthalimides

The 2A and 3C proteases encoded by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are attractive targets for antiviral drug development due to their important roles in viral replication. Homophthalimides were originally identified as inhibitors of rhinovirus 3C protease through our screening effort. Previous studies have indicated that the antiviral activity of certain homophthalimides exceeded their in vitro inhibitory activity against the viral 3C protease, suggesting that an additional mechanism might be involved. Reported here is the identification of homophthalimides as potent inhibitors for another rhinovirus protease, designated 2A. Several homophthalimides exhibit time-dependent inhibition of the 2A protease in the low-micromolar range, and enzyme-inhibitor complexes were identified by mass spectrometry. Compound LY343814, one of the most potent inhibitors against HRV14 2A protease, had an antiviral 50% inhibitory concentration of 4.2 μM in the cell-based assay. Our data reveal that homophthalimides are not only 3C but also 2A protease inhibitors in vitro, implying that the antiviral activity associated with these compounds might result from inactivation of both 2A and 3C proteases in vivo. Since the processing of the viral polyprotein is hierarchical, dual inhibition of the two enzymes may result in cooperative inhibition of viral replication. On the basis of the current understanding of their enzyme inhibitory mechanism, homophthalimides, as a group of novel nonpeptidic antirhinovirus agents, merit further structure-action relationship studies.
Applying New Knowledge in the Back-Home Setting: A Study of Indian Managers' Adoptive Efforts

A major goal of the management education movement in developing nations is the introduction of advanced managerial technology and organizational practice throughout a nation's industry. The study r...
Effects of intratracheal administration of bleomycin on prostaglandins and thromboxane-B2 and collagen levels of the lung in hamsters

The effects of intratracheal administration of one unit of bleomycin on the lung levels of different prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxane B2 (TxB2), and total collagen were investigated in hamsters in two separate sets of this study. Averaging the values from two sets, the lung levels of 6-keto-PGF1α (stable metabolite of PGI2 TxB2 (stable metabolite of TXA2), PFG2α, and PGE in bleomycin-treated animals were increased by 11-, 7.5-, 7-, and 3-fold over the saline control at 14 days post treatment, respectively. The total lung collagen content in bleomycin-treated animals was significantly increased to 180% of the control during the same period. A number of possibilities for a marked variation in the levels of rise for different PGs and TxB2 and their significance in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis have been discussed. It was concluded from the findings of the present study that there is a relationship between the lung levels of various metabolites of arachidonic acid cascade and bleomicin-induced increases in...
Why Can’t I Take My NSAIDs Any Longer? Avoiding Meds That May Cause a Flare

Medications such as ibuprofen and naprosyn, also known as NSAIDs, have known possible toxic effects involving the small and large intestine. These range from intestinal inflammation or stricturing, iron-deficiency anemia, and even bleeding or perforation. As you can see, this is quite similar to what is seen with active IBD. NSAIDs can injure the intestinal mucosa, and their absorption into the blood stream can worsen inflammation.
DNA Replication and Postreplication Mismatch Repair in Cell-Free Extracts from Cultured Human Neuroblastoma and Fibroblast Cells

DNA synthesis and postreplication mismatch repair were measured in vitro using cell-free extracts from cultured human SY5Y neuroblastoma and WI38 fibroblast cells in different growth states. All extracts, including differentiated SY5Y and quiescent WI38 fibroblasts, catalyzed SV40 origin-dependent DNA synthesis, totally dependent on SV40 T-antigen. Thus, although differentiated neuroblastoma and quiescent fibroblasts cells were essentially nondividing, their extracts were competent for DNA replication using DNA polymerases delta, alpha, and possibly epsilon, with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Nonreplicative DNA synthesis and lesion bypass by either alpha- or beta-polymerases were detected independently in extracts using primed or gapped single-stranded DNA templates. Long-patch postreplication mismatch repair was measured for the first time in neuroblastoma cell-free extracts. Extracts from subconfluent and high-density SY5Y cells catalyzed postreplication mismatch repair with efficiencies comparable to those of HeLa cell extracts. No significant differences were observed in repair between SY5Y differentiated and undifferentiated cell extracts. Mismatch repair efficiencies were threefold lower in extracts from subconfluent WI38 cells, and repair in WI38 quiescent cells was fourfold less than in subconfluent cells, suggesting that mismatch repair may be regulated. The spectrum of mismatch repair in SY5Y extracts closely resembled the mismatch removal specificities of HeLa extracts: T . G and G . G mismatches were repaired most efficiently; C . A, A . A, A . G and a five-base loop were repaired with intermediate efficiency; repair of G . A, C . C, and T . T mismatches was extremely inefficient.
Antibodies to Lytic Infection Proteins in Lymphocryptovirus-Infected Rhesus Macaques: a Model for Humoral Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Humoral immune responses to rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhLCV) lytic infection proteins were evaluated in the rhesus macaque animal model for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We found a hierarchy of humoral responses to 14 rhLCV lytic infection proteins in naturally infected rhesus macaques, with (i) widespread and robust responses to four glycoproteins expressed as late proteins, (ii) frequent but less robust responses to a subset of early proteins, and (iii) low-level responses to immediate-early proteins. This hierarchy of humoral responses was similar to that reported for EBV-infected humans, with the notable exception of the response to rhBARF1. Serum antibodies to rhBARF1 were frequently detected in healthy rhLCV-infected macaques, but in humans, anti-BARF1 antibodies have been reported primarily in patients with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The macaque data accurately predicted that serum antibodies against BARF1 are a normal response to EBV infection when human serum samples are analyzed. The rhesus macaque animal provides a unique perspective on humoral responses to EBV infection in humans and can be a valuable model for EBV vaccine development.
Parallel switch-level simulation for VLSI

Switch-level simulation is widely used in the design verification process of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) MOS circuits. In this paper, the authors present methods for accelerating switch-level simulation by mapping it onto general purpose parallel computers. Their target machines are medium-grain multiprocessors (shared memory or message passing machines) and they only consider model parallel computation, where the model of the design to be simulated is partitioned among processors. Efficient strategies are introduced for circuit partitioning as well as the corresponding simulation algorithms. In the authors' approach, they try to minimize the total number of synchronizations between processors, as well as ensure portability and scalability. A preprocessor and simulator were implemented and good performance was obtained for a set of benchmarks. The problem of tight coupling between processors that evaluate a strongly connected component in the circuit in a distributed fashion is highlighted. >
The NEA Representative Assembly of 2010: A Longer View of Crisis and Consciousness

Following the 2009 National Education Association (NEA) Representative Assembly (RA) in San Diego, new NEA president Dennis Van Roekel was hugging Arne Duncan, fawning over new President Obama, and hustling the slogan, "Hope Starts Here!" At the very close of the 2009 RA, delegates were treated to a video of themselves chanting, "Hope starts Here!" and "Hope Starts with Obama and Duncan!" The NEA poured untold millions of dollars, and hundreds of thousands of volunteer hours, into the Obama campaign. In 2009, Van Roekel promised to tighten NEA-Obama ties, despite the President's educational policies and investment in war. What happened in the year's interim? What was the social context of the 2010 RA?
Fast hysteretic control of on-chip multi-phase switched-capacitor dc-dc converters

A novel double-bound hysteretic control of multi-phase switched-capacitor (SC) converters is presented. The technique adjusts the number of interleaved phases with the output load to significantly reduce the operating frequency of the control comparator, enabling the practical application of hysteretic control with large number of interleaved phases. Using the proposed technique, the maximum required speed of the hysteretic comparator is reduced from 7.3Ghz to 1.8Ghz in a 16-phase 2∶1 SC converter, designed in 65-nm CMOS process. In addition, the achieved dynamic response with such control is much faster than any reported integrated converter. For a 1.2-V input voltage and 0.45-V output voltage, the regulator enables a 35-mV p-p output droop for a 50% load step, without using a decoupling capacitor. In addition, the output for a 100-mV input reference step settles in 2.8-ns. The SC converter's efficiency is not affected by such reconfigurable interleaving scheme and reaches 81%.
Oronasal Distribution of Ventilation During Exercise in Normal Subjects and Patients with Asthma and Rhinitis

This study was undertaken to determine whether the resistance to nasal airflow and differences in oronasal distribution of ventilation at rest and during exercise alter the pattern of breathing. We observed six normal subjects, six patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis, and six patients with asymptomatic bronchial asthma (three men and three women in each group), all of whom had normal pulmonary function. At rest, five of the six normal subjects breathed nasally but 11 of the 12 patients breathed with an oronasal distribution. Five normal subjects who breathed nasally at rest breathed with an oronasal distribution of ventilation during exercise, and one normal subject who breathed oronasally at rest had slightly less oral ventilation during exercise. In the patients, the change in oral distribution of ventilation during exercise was variable. Among the three groups, there were no significant differences from the resting oronasal distribution for ventilation during exercise, and all subjects breathed oronasally during exercise. The oronasal distribution of ventilation did not correlate with the level of nasal airflow resistance. Analysis of the timing, volume, and flow components of breathing showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups at rest and exercise. Thus, neither the level of resistance to nasal airflow, even up to moderately high values, nor the nasal distribution of ventilation at rest and with moderate exercise appears to have a major role in the pattern of breathing.
A Force and Energy Analysis: Vehicle Extraction with a Tow Strap

L'analyse de la force, de la deflexion et de l'energie d'un nouveau type de sangles servant au remorquage des vehicules immobilises par la neige, le sable etc. montre que la faible flexibilite du materiau utilise peut mener a une rupture du point d'attache
Non-pharmacologic Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension

The initial approach to management of primary mild to moderate hypertension in children and adolescents is implementation of changes in lifestyle. Lifestyle intervention may also be quite important as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment in both primary and secondary forms of hypertension. In that setting, appropriate changes in diet, physical activity, and weight management may allow the use of a lower dose of pharmacologic treatment.
General Concepts: Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke

The current approach to the emergency treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke is summarized by the term “brain attack.” Based on a number of advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke during the last 40 years, in particular, the success of emergency administration of intravenous thrombolysis, affected patients now may be treated successfully. Initiatives, such as the development of regional stroke programs, the use of the drip-and-ship strategy, the introduction of telemedicine, and stroke public and professional education activities, are being implemented to increase the number of persons who can be treated. Still, there is considerable room for improvement and additional research is needed to improve the overall management of patients with stroke including acute treatments, measures to prevent or control complications, therapies to prevent recurrent stroke, and interventions to augment and maximize recovery.
PQcalc, an Online Calculator for Science Learners

PQcalc is an online calculator designed to support students in college-level science classes. Unlike a pocket calculator, PQcalc allows students to set up problems within the calculator just as one would on paper. This includes using proper units and naming quantities strategically in a way that helps finding the solution. Results of calculations come with units of measurement and are given with a reasonable number of significant figures. The features of PQcalc were chosen to allow learners to spend more time on scientific reasoning while figuring out and communicating well-annotated, structured, and mathematically correct solutions to quantitative problems.
THE JOHN HENRYISM AND FRAMINGHAM TYPE A SCALES MEASUREMENT PROPERTIES IN ELDERLY BLACKS AND WHITES

In 1984-1985, the authors interviewed 1,017 participants in the Charleston Heart Study in Charleston County, South Carolina to investigate the measurement properties of the Framingham Type A Scale in elderly blacks and whites and those of the John Henryism Scale for Active Coping, which was originally designed for use in black populations. They conclude that the Framingham Type A and John Henryism scales do in fact measure two quite different behavior patterns, and do have different correlates in elderly blacks and whites. The results are of particular interest since the Charleston Heart Study sample includes an oversampling of high socioeconomic status black males (n = 69). In this respect, it is unique among long-term cardiovascular studies and provides the opportunity to estimate separate race and socioeconomic status effects, as well as to examine their interaction.
NATION MISPLACED: Film, Time and Space in South Asian Decolonization

Histories and aesthetics of space intersected in South Asian decolonization. The contest for space has continued to be reflected in South Asian cinema from the 1950s to the present. Spatial politics and the aestheticization of spaces both reflect current politics and urban policies and also glance back at colonial and postcolonial histories of national fragmentation and nation-formation. In this essay the relationship of art and politics – of questions of artistic and political truth – is examined by comparing the cinemas of Ritwik Ghatak and Guru Dutt, prominent ‘art’ and ‘commercial’ filmmakers of the 1950s. In their films, I argue, cinematic representations of contested spaces provide the key to deciphering their aesthetic and political beliefs about decolonization and refugee experience. While Ghatak is generally seen as the testier, more radical oppositional chronicler of postcolonial South Asian national fragmentation and individual displacement, a lens such as Guru Dutt's commercial cinema offers a...
Quantitative Determination of Trans-2-Hexenal in the Defensive Scent Fluid of Acanthocephala declivis and A. granulosa (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Previous work (Blum 1961, McCullough 1966) indicated the presence of trans-2-hexenal in the defensive scent fluid of 2 coreids, Acanthocephala femorata (F.) and A. granulosa (Dallas), but no amounts or percentages were reported.
Delivery of steroids into the eye for the treatment of macular edema

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Steroids have been in extensive use in ophthalmology since their discovery in 1948. Steroids are effective for the treatment of macular edema and may be delivered into the eye either topically, systemically, subconjunctivally, sub-Tenon, intravitreally and through injectable sustained release devices. Various steroid formulations and devices are commercially available. Each carries advantages and disadvantages, which requires the ophthalmologist to exercise careful medical judgment upon treatment selection.Areas covered: This article focuses in steroid delivery into the eye for the treatment of macular edema, and reviews the current and future treatment options, summarizing their clinical efficacy and possible adverse effects.Expert opinion: Steroids have an important role in the treatment of macular edema, regardless of its cause. Steroids are efficacious, low-cost, and much clinical experience has been accumulated regarding their use over the years. Prolonged systemic steroid use m...
Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Cystitis

AbstractThe short-term results of behavioral therapy in 42 women with refractory symptoms of interstitial cystitis were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had persistent symptoms at least 2 years in duration despite undergoing a number of empiric therapies. Symptoms included urinary frequency and urgency of at least once every 2hours during waking hours and persistent pain or discomfort in the suprapubic, perineal or pelvic area. Treatment consisted of diary keeping, timed voiding, controlled fluid intake and pelvic floor muscle training techniques.After a mean of 12 weeks of treatment the inter-voiding interval increased in all patients by a mean of 93 minutes (p <0.01) and 98% experienced a decrease in the number of micturitions per day by a mean of 9 (p <0.01). Using a global assessment scale 50% of the patients reported that the symptoms were markedly improved and 38% were improved. These data confirm the short-term efficacy of behaviorial therapy in selected patients with symptoms of interstitial...
Paradoxical Prefrontal–Amygdala Recruitment to Angry and Happy Expressions in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

The neural substrates of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain incompletely understood, but likely involve abnormal function and development of emotion processing circuitry. Valence-specific and age-related abnormalities during emotion processing have not been elucidated. We examined implicit emotional face processing in pediatric PTSD, predicting abnormalities specific to threat-related emotion. Youth (ages 8-18 years) with PTSD (n=25) and healthy youth (n=28) completed a dynamic emotional face task during fMRI, viewing faces changing from neutral to angry or happy, or changing shape control. Group and cross-sectional age-related differences in activation and functional connectivity were examined in amygdala/hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and whole-brain analyses. The post hoc analyses examined the relationship of neural abnormalities with symptom measures of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Compared with decreased activation with age in healthy youth, PTSD youth showed increased amygdala activation to emotional faces with age. In a group by emotion interaction, PTSD youth showed dorsal (d)ACC hyperactivation to happy faces relative to healthy youth, with no difference for angry faces. Connectivity analyses revealed paradoxical coupling in prefrontal-amygdala circuits, including dACC-dorsomedial (dm)PFC, amygdala-dmPFC, and amygdala-ventrolateral (vl)PFC. In each case, PTSD youth showed reduced connectivity to angry faces, but increased connectivity to happy faces, the reverse of healthy youth. Valence-abnormal recruitment was associated with greater symptom severity, implicating a role in trauma-related psychopathology in youth. Notably, impaired recruitment during angry faces and heightened recruitment to happy faces may reflect increased salience and ambiguity of positive emotional expressions in pediatric PTSD. Finally, age-related findings suggest a developmental sensitization of the amygdala across emotional expressions in youth with PTSD. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying pathophysiology of pediatric PTSD, extending beyond abnormal neural responses to canonical threat.
Computers in Geological Photointerpretation

Computer processing of digital remote-sensing data can produce imagery of high spectral and geometric fidelity without the degradation associated with photographic reproduction. This is a significant advance in quality control in the data-acquisition system.
Drug Metabolism and Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD alters protein binding, volume of distribution, and elimination of drugs cleared by the kidneys. However, animal and clinical data demonstrate changes in the non-renal clearance and bioavailability of drugs eliminated by hepatic and intestinal transport and metabolism in CKD. Cytochrome P450 (phase I reactions) and phase II reactions, such as glucuronidation and acetylation, are for the most part down-regulated in CKD. Efflux transporters, such as p-glycoprotein and multi-drug resistance protein, and uptake transporters, such as organic anion and cation transporters, are also altered. Metabolism of endogenous substrates, such as fatty acids, hormones and vitamin D, are also affected. High levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), cytokines, and uremic toxins may play mechanistic roles. These effects have a clinically significant impact on drug disposition and increase the risk of adverse drug events.
Power Series Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations

This chapter provides an overview of power series solutions of ordinary differential equations. It reviews the basic properties of power series and proofs of the major theorems. If the power series converges absolutely for all values of x, then the power series has infinite radius of convergence. A power series may be differentiated and integrated term-by-term on its interval of convergence. The chapter discusses Taylor's theorem. If two power series are equal, it means that their corresponding coefficients are equal. LogicalExpand is used to equate the coefficients. The chapter illustrates power series solutions using ordinary points, and defines ordinary point and singular point. It also shows power series solutions using regular singular points with various examples. If x 0 is a singular point of y “(x) + p(x)(x)y’(x) + q(x)y (x)=0, x 0 is a regular singular point that means that both (x - x 0 ) p(x) and (x - x 0 ) 2 q(x) are analytic at x = x 0 . If x 0 is not a regular singular point, x is called an irregular singular point.
Interactive Control of Wall Structures by MEMS-Based Transducers

In turbulent boundary layers, the near-wall streamwise vortices contribute to a significant part of the turbulence production. Successful control of the streamwise vortices can lead to the desirable skin-friction drag reduction. In the past, passive devices such as longitudinal riblets were used to achieve a 6% reduction (Bruse et al. 1993). Recent numerical simulations (Choi et al. 1994) indicate that an active control scheme based on surface shear-stress measurements can increase the drag reduction to almost 30%. We are currently developing a large-scale integrated systems of micromachined sensors, micromachined actuators, and neural network VLSI circuits for interactive control of the wall structures. The newly developed MEMS technology allows us to, for the first time, fabricate micro sensors and actuators that can match both the temporal and spatial resolutions of the wall structures (Ho and Tai 1994). Individual components of the integrated system have been developed and tested. The following is a discussion of their design and capabilities.
Pitting and Crevice Corrosion

This chapter describes pitting corrosion, one of the most destructive localized forms of corrosion. Pitting potential analyses and determination are addressed in connection with new alloys with low pitting corrosion susceptibility. Pitting mechanism and crevice corrosion evaluation is discussed by reviewing the recent literature through corrosion severity control, main variables, and experimental data consistency in particular systems. Electrochemical kinetics such as charge transfer, mass transport, and ohmic effects explain pit growth and arrest. Pitting inhibition and crevice corrosion is focused on new alloys and alloy composition effects for decreased pitting corrosion susceptibility, conversion coating and inhibitor development, and cathodic and anodic protection. Crevice and filiform corrosion are described by initiation and propagation processes. The case study and exercise problems illustrate pitting and crevice mechanisms and corrosion protection strategies.
GLYCEMIC OUTCOMES 3 YEARS AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF A PERI-OPERATIVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL ALGORITHM IN AN ACADEMIC INSTITUTION

Objective: While hyperglycemia in the postoperative setting has been linked to an increase in surgical complications, limited data are available to inform the management of patients with diabetes in the operating room and the immediate peri-operative period. We describe the results of a peri-operative glycemic control program that standardized intravenous insulin with a target glucose (BG) range of 120 to 180 mg/dL for patients with diabetes presenting with a BG level >180 mg/dL and included transition to subcutaneous insulin. Methods: Patients with known diabetes and a BG >180 mg/dL who underwent surgery were included. The control group included 260 patients from March 2, 2008 through December 31, 2008. The intervention group included 588 patients following protocol implementation from April 1, 2009 through December 31, 2012. Data included demographic information, hospital BG values, length of stay (LOS), mortality, and wound infections. Results: The intervention group had significantly lower BG on arriv...