cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Developmental Process Analysis of the Contribution of Childhood Emotional Abuse to Relationship Violence

Despite indications that emotional abuse might be the core factor underlying the negative effects of child maltreatment, it has received little attention, particularly with respect to its impact on interpersonal relationships in adulthood. This study conducted a developmental process analysis of the contribution of childhood emotional abuse to relationship violence in a sample of undergraduates. Results indicated that emotional abuse was a stronger predictor of relationship violence than other maltreatment subtypes. Emotion dysregulation partially mediated this relationship, driven by its behavioral component, impulsivity. Gender and ethnicity effects were examined. Findings point to the need for increased attention to adult outcomes of emotional abuse and increased clinical awareness of emotion regulation as a key developmental mechanism of adaptation in adulthood.
Ultrafast pipelined arithmetic using quantum electronic devices

Negative differential resistance characteristics of several new quantum electronic devices have been used to design high-speed logic gates with the latching property. These latching gates form the basis of the ultrafast pipelined adder circuit described in this paper. The latching or memory feature of these circuits, which was previously considered to be a nuisance in the design of combinational circuits, is exploited to overcome the pipeline overheads of area and time. Simulation studies show that application of pipelining techniques can provide an effective throughput of one 32-bit addition every 1.6 ns using minimal hardware.
Leaf overlap and the ability of ladybird beetles to search among plants

Afin d'etudier l'influence de la structure vegetale sur les mouvements des coccinelles, l'hypothese que le recouvrement des feuilles peut modifier la tendance des coccinelles a garder la meme direction, lorsqu'elles ne rencontrent pas de proies, a ete testee sur P. vulgaris
Left ventricular ejection dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis: Comparison with the use of Doppler echocardiography

Left ventricular ejection dynamics of 15 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nine obstructive, six nonobstructive) were compared to those in 12 age-matched normal subjects and 10 patients with valvular aortic stenosis by means of combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Doppler peak flow velocities in obstructive (HOCM, 2.5 +/- 1.3 m/sec) and nonobstructive (HNCM, 2.6 +/- 0.6 m/sec) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as well as in patients with aortic stenosis (AS, 3.6 +/- 1.3 m/sec) were significantly higher than in the normal population (1.0 +/- 0.2 m/sec; p less than 0.001 for all comparisons), but did not differ from each other. The HOCM patients had time to peak velocity (154 +/- 55.7 msec) that was higher than that in both HNCM (86 +/- 8.4 msec) and normal groups (84.5 +/- 8.9 msec; p less than 0.001 for both comparisons), but did not differ from those in AS (117 +/- 52.5 msec). The total ejection time did not differ between HOCM (348.2 +/- 91.1 msec) and AS (328.8 +/- 30.4 msec) groups, but was prolonged in HOCM compared to HNCM (198 +/- 21.0 msec) and normal groups (233 +/- 28.3 msec; p less than 0.001 for both comparisons). The normal and HNCM groups did not differ in time to peak or total ejection time measurements. The percent of flow velocity present in the initial third of the systolic velocity integral for HOCM (44.5% +/- 5.9) and HNCM (49.4% +/- 2.5) groups was greater than for normals (36.2% +/- 5.4; p less than 0.05 for both comparisons), but HOCM values did not differ from HNCM values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Genetic and Environmental Effects of Hatching Time, Egg Weight and Holding Time on Hatchability

Abstract PERCENT hatch of fertile eggs has generally been found to be a trait exhibiting a small amount of additive genetic variance in closed poultry flocks (Crittenden, Bohren and Anderson, 1957), yet large differences between strains maintained under the same environmental conditions have been consistently noted. This may be accounted for by the genetic variation being largely non-additive in nature, and/or because we have not yet learned to measure this complex trait adequately. Bohren, Crittenden and King (1961) have studied the simple relationships between hatch of fertile eggs, hatching time, preincubation storage time and egg weight using limited data. They also showed the necessity for defining percent hatch of fertile eggs as the percent of fertile eggs which hatch up to a specific incubation time, and showed that this is a compound trait made up of embryonic viability, and the characteristic hatching time of the group of eggs incubated. This study…
The treatment of anaerobic infections

Summary Drugs effective against anaerobic bacteria are discussed citing experience with both older and newer compounds in treating some infections. Anaerobic organisms are frequently isolated with aerobic bacteria from many serious infections and the dilemma is, in which of these infections are the anaerobes, especially B. fragilis , the authentic pathogens? All of the chemotherapeutic agents, old and new, used in the treatment of anaerobic infections have one or more deficiencies. No single agent is consistently bactericidal against all anaerobic pathogens but it is not clear that it is mandatory for antibiotic treatment to inhibit all anaerobes isolated from any given infection. The first rank of older agents which are consistently useful are penicillin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. The newer antibiotics which are already known to be effective in treating anaerobic infections are cefoxitin, cefamandole, mezlocillin, and piperacillin. Because of their Gram-negative aerobic spectrum, these newer agents merit continuing evaluation since they may provide us with a choice of single agents for the treatment of serious polymicrobial infections.
Effect of calcium and phosphorus, residual lactose, and salt-to-moisture ratio on the melting characteristics and hardness of cheddar cheese during ripening.

: Meltability, melt profile parameters, and hardness of cheddar cheese prepared with varying levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content, residual lactose content, and salt-to-moisture ratio were studied at 0,1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mo of ripening. Meltability, melt profile parameters, and hardness of cheddar cheeses measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mo of ripening showed significant interaction between the levels of Ca and P, residual lactose, salt-to-moisture ratio, and ripening time for most of the properties studied. cheddar cheese prepared with high Ca and P (0.67% Ca and 0.53% P) resulted in up to 6.2%, 4.5%, 9.6%, 5.0%, and 22.8% increase in softening time, softening temperature, melting time, melting temperature, and hardness, respectively, and 23.5%, 9.6%, and 3.2% decrease in meltability, flow rate, and extent of flow, respectively, compared to the cheddar cheese prepared with low Ca and P (0.53% Ca and 0.39% P). cheddar cheese prepared with high lactose (1.4%) content resulted in up to 7.7%, 7.0%, 4.9%, 4.2%, and 24.6% increase in softening time, softening temperature, melting time, melting temperature, and hardness, respectively, and 14.7%, 12.7%, and 2.8% decrease in meltability, flow rate, and extent of flow respectively compared to the cheddar cheese prepared with low lactose (0.78%) content. cheddar cheese prepared with high salt-to-moisture ratio (6.4%) resulted in up to 21.8%, 11.3%, 12.9%, 4.1%, and 29.4% increase in softening time, softening temperature, melting time, melting temperature, and hardness, respectively, and 13.2%, 28.6%, and 2.6% decrease in meltability, flow rate, and extent of flow, respectively, compared to the cheddar cheese prepared with low salt-to-moisture ratio (4.8%) during ripening.
Equilibrium theory analysis of dual reflux PSA for separation of a binary mixture

A dual reflux (DR) PSA cycle that combines the features of a conventional (stripping reflux) PSA cycle with those of a new enriching reflux PSA cycle is analyzed to show its potential for separating gas mixtures. On the basis of isothermal equilibrium theory applied to linear isotherms, the ultimate separation is carried out where the binary feed is separated into two pure components with 100% recovery of each component. This very idealized analysis reveals that such a separation is possible over a wide range of conditions, even with pressure ratios as low as 1.1. This analysis also reveals that low throughputs and high heavy component recycle ratios are inherently associated with DR PSA cycles, both of which may be detrimental to the process economics. High throughputs and low heavy product recycle ratios are indeed achievable, but only when using low pressure ratios and less selective adsorbents, both counterintuitive results that make sense when considering the perfect separation is always being achieved. Although these trends may not carry over to actual practice, because the model developed here is overly simplified and invalid under certain conditions, this analysis shows that it may indeed be entirely feasible to separate a binary gas mixture into two relatively pure components with very high recoveries using a DR PSA cycle operating with a very low pressure ratio and, hence, expenditure of energy.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Desulfovibrio vulgaris grown in planktonic culture and mature biofilm on a steel surface

Biofilm build-up of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on metal surfaces may lead to severe corrosion of iron. To understand the processes at molecular level, in this study, a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray was used to examine differential expression patterns between planktonic populations and mature biofilm of Desulfovibrio vulgaris on a steel surface. Statistical analysis revealed that 472 genes were differentially expressed (1.5-fold or more with a q value less than 0.025) by comparing the biofilm cells with the planktonic cells. Among the differentially expressed genes were several that corresponded to genes identified in many aerobic bacterial biofilms (i.e., Pseudomonas species and Escherichia coli) such as genes encoding flagellin, a flagellar motor switch protein, chemotaxis proteins involved in cell motility, as well as genes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In addition, the biofilm-bound cells of D. vulgaris exhibited decreased transcription of genes involved in protein synthesis, energy metabolism and sulfate reduction, as well as genes involved in general stress responses. These findings were all consistent with early suggestion that the average physiology of the biofilm cells were similar to cells reduced in growth. Most notably, up-regulation of large number of outer membrane proteins was observed in the D. vulgaris biofilm. Although their function is still unknown, the higher expression of these genes in the biofilm could implicate important roles in the formation and maintenance of multi-cellular consortium on a steel surface. The study provided insights into the metabolic networks associated with the formation and maintenance of a D. vulgaris biofilm on a steel surface.
Electron collisional excitation of the low-lying fine-structure levels in oxygen-like Fe18+

Effective collision strengths for electron impact excitation of all fine-structure levels arising from the 1s22s22p4 ground state configuration of oxygen-like iron ions, Fe18+ (Fe XIX), have been calculated over a range of temperatures applicable to many laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. The R-matrix method, within the semi-relativistic Breit-Pauli approximation, was employed. Twenty fine-structure levels arising from twelve 1s22s22p4, 1s22s2p5, 1s22p6 and 1s22s22p33s LSπ target terms were included in the electron scattering calculation. Comparisons of the present results, which exhibit strong resonance structure in the cross sections, with previous results obtained by distorted wave methods show significant differences.
Optimal search policies for searches with I/O bound tasks

Two models are presented for conducting simple searches under the assumption that the tasks within the search tree are complex and may be I/O bound. The objective is to achieve the minimum expected time to completion. The simpler model assumes that the search paths are disjoint. The optimal policy in the general case is to run the tasks with the highest ratio of success probability per cycle expended. If one task is sufficiently small compared to the other task that it completes first in all schedules, the optimum scheduling policy is based on a comparison of ratios of the form p/r, where p is the probability of success and r is the marginal processing rate of a task. For the second model the search paths are independent, and the success or failure on one path is not related to the success or failure on any other path. This model generally gives priority to the task that has the highest probability per marginal execution rate. For both models, the results reported hold only for a search with two paths. For the problem of scheduling N tasks the policy of giving priority to tasks according to descending values of probability of success over cost is generally a good idea, although it does not necessarily yield an optimum schedule. >
The theory of endfire arrays

The general King-Sandler array theory has been examined in detail for the case of endfire arrays. Since it is not necessary to assume identical current distributions, a distinction is made between specification of the base voltages and currents. The driving-point impedances for specified base voltages and currents are presented for arrays of up to 25 elements. The effect of interaction between the element currents in distorting the radiation pattern is shown for the 15-element endfire array. The results indicate that the unequal current distributions have a pronounced effect in determining the driving-point impedances, sidelobe levels and back-to-front ratios of endfire arrays.
Extreme oxatriquinanes and a record C-O bond length

Oxatriquinane is a remarkably stable alkyl oxonium ion, despite the fact that its carbon–oxygen bond lengths are 1.54 A. The robust nature of this fused tricyclic molecule enabled the addition of increasing steric bulk to the system, culminating in a tri-tert-butyloxatriquinane with a record 1.62 A C–O bond distance.
Ethics in Prevention Science Involving Genetic Testing

The Human Genome Project and rapid technological advances in genomics have begun to enrich prevention science’s contributions to understanding the role of genetic factors in the etiology, onset and escalation of mental disorders, allowing for more precise descriptions of the interplay between genetic and non-genetic influences. Understanding of ethical challenges associated with the integration of genetic data into prevention science has not kept pace with the rapid increase in the collection and storage of genetic data and dissemination of research results. This article discusses ethical issues associated with (1) decisions to withhold or disclose personal genetic information to participants; (2) implications of recruitment and data collection methods that may reveal genetic information of family members; and the (3) nature and timing of informed consent. These issues are presented within the contexts of adult and pediatric research, longitudinal studies, and use of biobanks for storage of genetic materials. Recommendations for research ethics decision-making are provided. The article concludes with a section on justice and research burdens and the unique ethical responsibilities of prevention scientists to ensure the new genomic science protects the informational rights of participants, their families and communities.
Simplified neurophysiology of the lower urinary tract

Abstract Urinary incontinence is an important health problem with a significant effect on the quality of life of its sufferers. Despite the prevalence and impact of the condition, incontinent patients seem to accept their symptoms for years before they consult their physician. When they do finally consult their physician, an unnecessarily high proportion is referred to a specialist. However, though the pathophysiology is complex, urinary incontinence can be effectively treated in primary care practice with a basic knowledge of the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. This review presents updated findings on the neurophysiology of the lower urinary tract (LUT), focusing on the role of the central and peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems during urinary storage and voiding.
RADIOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION OF PALLADIUM WITH DIMETHYLGLYOXIME

The solvent extraction behavior of the palladium-dimethylglyoxime complex has been studied in acidic media under conditions applicable for radiochemical studies of short-lived activities. Distribution coefficients have been determined in HCl, HNO3, and HClO4 as a function of acid concentration for the extraction of carrier-free palladium by dimethylglyoxime in chloroform.
Study of photon migration in skeletal muscle

A clear understanding of how light propagation in muscle is important for developing optical methods for muscle characterization. We investigated photon migration in muscle by imaging the optical reflectance from fresh prerigor skeletal muscles. We found the acquired reflectance patterns can not be described using existing theories. In order to quantify the equi-intensity contours of acquired reflectance images, we developed a numerical fitting function. Using this model, we studied the changes of reflectance profile during stretching and rigor process. The observed unique anisotropic features diminished after rigor completion. These results suggested that muscle sarcomere structures played important roles in modulating light propagation in whole muscle. To explain the observed patterns, we incorporated the sarcomere diffraction in a Monte Carlo model and we showed that the resulting reflectance profiles quantitatively resembled the experimental observation.
Immunologic aspects of otologic disease: an overview.

The immunologic explosion has now reached the field of otology. By having better techniques to measure the changes at cellular and molecular levels, it is now possible to devise experiments to show morphologic anatomic changes as well as functional changes. The demonstration in 1980 (M.S.) that tympanosclerosis could be induced immunologically represents a concrete advancement in immunologic thinking in conceptualization of otologic disease. In 1974, one of the authors (M.S.) published work dealing with the treatment of vasculitis of immunologic origin for sudden hearing loss. This was aimed at inhibiting the complement cascade from starting its destructive action. Recently, the immunologic challenge in animals demonstrated by changes in the inner ear was shown by one of the authors (T.J.Y.). Such changes were compatible with labyrinthine hydrops, or Meniere's disease, otosclerosis, and sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
Unified MMSE estimation for GMSK signals with turbo codes

A new way of implementation of MMSE channel estimator for a GMSK signals with Turbo code over multipath fading channels is proposed in the paper. From the recent research results, it is clear that the usage of Turbo Codes with GMSK modulation is highly desirable because some signal processing modules in the receiver can be reused for both turbo decoder and equalization, and thus the receiving complexity can be reduced. Channel estimator is one of the modules that are required by the equalizer and the Turbo code decoder. In this paper we present an estimation technique, used for both GMSK equalization and Turbo decoder (SOVA/Log-MAP) over the multipath fading channel. The proposed MMSE estimator replaces the matched filters that are usually applied at the receiver end. The simulation results show that unified MMSE estimator gives us an edge over the disadvantages of the matched filter and conventional isolated estimators, such that the bit error rate performance is improved and the distorted data could be easily retrieved from the estimation technique.
Three-dimensional Echocardiography of the Mitral Valve Leaflet Anatomy and Repair

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has made tremendous strides in the past decade and its promise of a seamless integration into clinical practice is being increasingly realized. Its realistic views of the mitral valve (MV) provide a unique surgical perspective. From its detailed morphologic characteristics to its reproducible quantitative analysis of the MV, 3DE’s role in complex MV disease has become indispensible. In this article we review the current utilization of 3DE and its incremental role over two-dimensional echocardiography in various clinical situations, including etiologic classification and severity of degenerative MV disease, understanding the complex geometric changes and interactions of the MV components in ischemic mitral regurgitation, and facilitation of surgical and percutaneous MV repair by intra-procedural guidance as well as reliable post-repair assessment.
A heterometallic alkoxide combining hard and soft Lewis acids (Et3PO)2 Ba2Cu4(OtBu)8

Reaction of copper(I) mesityl with [Ba(O t Bu) 2 ( t BuOH) 2 ] 4 occurs with ‘replacement’ of all protons by copper to give an insoluble solid of empirical formula BaCu 2 (O t Bu) 4 . This reacts with Et 3 PO to give a soluble product characterized by spectroscopic, combustion analytical, and X-ray diffraction as (Et 3 PO) 2 Ba 2 Cu 4 (O t Bu) 8 , an elongated octahedron ( trans Ba 2 ) with O t Bu groups doubly bridging eight edges. The phosphine oxide has broken up an apparent polymer by coordination of one Et 3 PO to each barium.
Monte Carlo studies of positrons in matter. Method and application to annihilation spectra in helium gas

A Monte Carlo method is described for simulating the trajectories and annihilation of positrons in matter. The technique is applied to the calculation of annihilation spectra of slow positrons in helium gas at several temperatures and with various assumed distributions for the initial positron momenta. The results obtained are essentially independent of the initial momentum distribution and are in excellent agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. Advantages of the Monte Carlo formulation for treating a wide range of problems in positron annihilation are discussed.
Comparison of diurnal variations in plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin and in liver glycogen in younger and older chicks (Gallus domesticus).

Abstract 1. 1. Diurnal levels in liver weight, liver glycogen, plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin were determined in younger and older chicks fed and bled at 6-hr intervals throughout 24 hr. 2. 2. No diurnal variations were observed in liver weight, liver glycogen, plasma glucose, cholesterol or triglyceride in the younger chicks or in plasma glucose and triglyceride in the older birds. 3. 3. Plasma glucose, cholestreol and triglyceride values seem to be age dependent and were lower in the older birds. 4. 4. Feeding pattern seems to control the diurnal variations in the chick. These variations are diet dependent rather than light cycle dependent.
Catechol conjugation with hemolymph proteins and their incorporation into the cuticle of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.

Newly ecdysed American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (sixth to last instar) were injected with radioactive dopamine (DA) and hemolymph was collected at 10–60 min post-ecdysis. Size-exclusion chromatography established the presence of at least three proteins that serve as catecholamine carriers. Reinjection of the smaller radiolabeled phenol-bound proteins into newly ecdysed animals results in in vivo aggregation, with the radiolabel bound to large MW proteins (30->200 kDa). In addition, the reinjection of radiolabeled protein of any size resulted in the incorporation of the label into the newly sclerotized cuticle. Hemolymph proteins were synthesized in vivo using [14C]leucine and subsequently double labeled in vivo with [3H]dopamine. After sclerotization (7 h post-ecdysis) the cuticle was extirpated, hydrolyzed and counted. An identical ratio of 14C to 3H was found in cuticle extracts as in the double-labeled hemolymph proteins, suggesting that the phenol-bound protein was incorporated in the cuticle unchanged. It appears that the catechol bound to the proteins exists as a β-glucoside.
Catalytic ignition of light hydrocarbons

Catalytic ignition refers to phenomenon where sufficient energy is released from a catalytic reaction to maintain further reaction without additional external heating. This phenomenon is important in the development of catalytic combustion and catalytic partial oxidation processes, both of which have received extensive attention in recent years. In addition, catalytic ignition studies provide experimental data which can be used to test theoretical hydrocarbon oxidation models. For these reasons, catalytic ignition has been frequently studied. This review summarizes the experimental methods used to study catalytic ignition of light hydrocarbons and describes the experimental and theoretical results obtained related to catalytic ignition. The role of catalyst metal, fuel and fuel concentration, and catalyst state in catalytic ignition are examined, and some conclusions are drawn on the mechanism of catalytic ignition.
Geographic variation in nest‐defence behaviour of the Red‐tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis

A close fit was found between the number of years since European settlement and the call and dive-rates of Red-tailed Hawks. Call-rates were highest in the most recently settled sites.
On the Order of the Stress Singularity for an Antiplane Shear Crack at the Interface of Two Bonded Inhomogeneous Elastic Materials

Abstract : The problem of determining the order to the stress singularity for an anti-plane shear crack at the interface of two bonded inhomogeneous elastic materials is considered. It had been conjectured previously that the usual square root singularity occurs if the spatially varying material properties are merely continuous across the bond line but not necessarily continuously differentiable. This paper presents a proof of that conjecture. Keywords: Anti- plane shear interface crack; Nonhomogeneous elastic material; Crack tip stress singularity.
Timing and sources of neogene and quaternary volcanism in South-Central Guatemala

Abstract Five new and six existing radiometric age dates place constraints on the timing of volcanic episodes in a 1400-km2 area east of Guatemala City. The source of the voluminous Miocene rhyolitic welded tuffs was the newly discovered Santa Rosa de Lima caldera, in the northern part of the area, not fissure eruptions as was previously believed. Resurgence during the Pliocene included the eruption of more silicic tuffs, followed by post-collapse volcanism around the perimeter. Volcanism in the southern part of the area occurred along the Neogene volcanic front. The sources for these Late Miocene and Pliocene andesitic lavas were not fissure eruptions, as was once believed, but were four large volcanic centers, Cerro Pinula, Ixhuatan, Teanzul, and Cerro La Gabia. The Santa Rosa de Lima caldera structure deflects the Jalpatagua Fault forming tensional fractures along which eruptions in the Quaternary Cuilapa-Barbarena cinder cone field took place. Pleistocene ash flows were erupted from Ixhuatan and Tecuamburro volcanoes in the southern part of the area. Tephras from Ayarza, Amatitlan, and Atitlan blanket the northern and central portions. Present-day activity is restricted to hot springs around the northern and eastern base of Tecuamburro volcano. Based on the work in this area it is proposed that rocks of the Miocene Chalatenango Formation throughout northern Central America were erupted from calderas behind the Neogene volcanic front. Rocks of the Mio-Pliocene Balsamo Formation in Guatemala and El Salvador were erupted from discrete volcanic centers along the Neogene volcanic front. Pliocene rocks of the Cuscatlan Formation probably represent post-collapse volcanism around earlier caldera structures.
Transplanting the enteric nervous system: a step closer to treatment for aganglionosis

Autologous transplantation can be used to treat Hirschsprung’s disease by implantation and proliferation of the crest-derived stem cells in vitro One might think that Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital megacolon) should be passe as a medical problem. After all, many genes, including RET , GDNF , NRTN , EDNRB , EDN3 , ECE1 , PHOX2b , SOX10 , PAX3 and SMADIP1 (SIP1, ZBFX1B),1–7 have successfully been linked to its pathogenesis. Knowledge of the actions and interactions of these genes and their products has enabled the processes by which the bowel is colonised to be, if not completely understood, at least comprehended in general terms.3,8,9,10 Effective treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease, moreover, exists in the surgical removal of the aganglionic segment of bowel.11–13 Unfortunately, the medical problems posed by Hirschsprung’s disease continue despite the lengthy list of genes implicated in its generation and the progress that has recently been made in understanding enteric nervous system (ENS) development. Unresolved medical problems continue because advances made in comprehending genes and pathogenesis have not been translated into new and improved methods of treatment; moreover, although surgical techniques are evolving and associated morbidity is decreasing,12,13 the surgical treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease essentially converts an otherwise lethal defect into a chronic condition with which many, if not most, patients must learn to cope.14,15 Hirschsprung’s disease occurs when a variable length of terminal bowel is congenitally aganglionic. Because the reflexes and behaviours mediated by the ganglionated plexuses of the ENS are essential for propulsive motility and normal secretion,16 aganglionosis results in a pseudoobstruction that, if left untreated, is incompatible with life. Reliable modern statistics on untreated Hirschsprung’s disease are not available because failure to treat it is immoral; however, aganglionosis is lethal to animals …
The Validity of Using Prior Ratings of Perceived Exertion to Regulate Resistance Exercise Intensity

Summary This investigation examined the validity of using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) to regulate intensity during resistance exercise. 19 male (M age = 22.2 yr., SD = 2.7) and 19 female (M age = 21.4 yr., SD = 2.3) participants estimated exertion when performing the knee extension at 40% to 90% of one-repetition maximum. One week later, participants were asked to produce weights for the knee extension that elicited the feelings of exertion associated with 9, 13, and 17 on the Borg RPE scale. The weight produced at 9, 13, and 17 during the production session was compared to the weight lifted at each RPE during the estimation session. The effect sizes associated with the differences in weight lifted across sessions at each RPE were generally small in magnitude, especially at the higher intensities (ES = .40, −.09, .15, respectively). The results of this investigation support the use of RPE as a method of prescribing the intensity of resistance exercise.
Hough transform system enhancements resulting from neural network implementation

A neural network implementation of a Hough transform system has been suggested to make real-time operation possible. That and other developments are summarized and combined to suggest a complete system. Convergence times under 30 mu s are obtainable with general-purpose operational amplifiers for the processing nodes or neurons. Enhancements are possible with an artificial neural network system such as multiple target detection with a simple hardware addition to the basic system. Approximation of the peak magnitude in parameter space is available from the multiple peak detection circuitry. The magnitude of the peak indirectly yields the length of the line segments in image space. The system can adapt to varying image intensities. This feature can be used to locate weak targets and avoid neuron amplifier saturation. A signal perturbation technique can be used to enhance resolution or reduce hardware requirements. >
Transparent, conductive, and flexible carbon nanotube films and their application in organic light-emitting diodes.

We have carried out comparative studies on transparent conductive thin films made with two kinds of commercial carbon nanotubes: HiPCO and arc-discharge nanotubes. These films have been further exploited as hole-injection electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) on both rigid glass and flexible substrates. Our experiments reveal that films based on arc-discharge nanotubes are overwhelmingly better than HiPCO-nanotube-based films in all of the critical aspects, including surface roughness, sheet resistance, and transparency. Further improvement in arc-discharge nanotube films has been achieved by using PEDOT passivation for better surface smoothness and using SOCl2 doping for lower sheet resistance. The optimized films show a typical sheet resistance of ∼160 Ω/□ at 87% transparency and have been used successfully to make OLEDs with high stabilities and long lifetimes.
Long-term Safety Concerns of Antiresorptive Therapy

Bisphosphonates reduce the risk of major osteoporotic fractures and are the most commonly used medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Although these medications are well tolerated and safe during large-scale clinical trials, several rare and serious adverse events are suspected to be associated with long-term bisphosphonate use. These adverse events include osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical fractures, and esophageal cancer. This review summarizes studies examining the association between bisphosphonate use and these adverse outcomes, with a focus on large case series and controlled epidemiologic studies.
Dupuytren's disease in African-Americans

Seventeen African-American patients were operated on for Dupuytren's contracture over a 14-year period. Six-month minimum follow-up was available for 16 patients. The initial deformity, and results of surgical release of Dupuytren's contracture in this population was similar to that described in North Europeans.
A longitudinal study of how highlighting web content change affects people's web interactions

The Web is constantly changing, but most tools used to access Web content deal only with what can be captured at a single instance in time. As a result, Web users may not have a good understanding of the changes that occur. In this paper we show that making Web content change explicitly visible allows people to interact with the Web in new ways. We present a longitudinal study in which 30 people used a Web browser plug-in that caches visited pages and highlights text changes to those pages when revisited. We used a survey to capture their understanding of Web page change and their own revisitation patterns at the beginning of use and after one month. For a majority of the participants, we also logged their Web page visits and associated content change. Exposing change is more valuable to our participants than initially expected, making them aware of how dynamic content they visit is and changing their interactions with it.
Kinematic MRI Assessment of McConnell Taping Before and After Exercise

Background: The authors assessed the effectiveness of McConnell medial glide taping after exercise using an MRI extremity scanner.Hypothesis: McConnell taping would not be effective in maintaining medial glide of the patella after exercise.Methods: Eighteen healthy women (mean age 22.28 ± 2.02 years) participated in the study. The patellofemoral joint was imaged at 4 knee flexion angles (0°, 12°, 24°, and 36°) in 3 conditions (no tape, with McConnell taping–medial glide, and with tape after exercise). Effectiveness was determined by measuring lateral patellar displacement. ANOVA and post hoc paired ttests were used to test for changes in lateral patellar displacement at each knee angle and condition.Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in lateral patellar displacement at all test angles, between the tape and no tape and between tape and tape after exercise conditions.Conclusions: McConnell medial glide taping resulted in significant medial glide of the patellofemoral joint at all...
Response to adenosine differentiates focal from macroreentrant atrial tachycardia: validation using three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping.

Background—We previously proposed that adenosine has mechanism-specific effects on atrial tachycardia (AT), such that adenosine terminates AT attributable to triggered activity, transiently suppresses automatic rhythms, and has no effect on macroreentrant AT. This, however, remains controversial, because other studies have reported that adenosine terminates reentrant AT. To clarify this issue, we used 3D electroanatomic mapping to delineate the tachycardia circuit and thereby determine whether the response to adenosine differentiates focal from macroreentrant AT. Methods and Results—We examined the effect of adenosine on 43 ATs in 42 consecutive patients (5915 years of age; 26 female) who received adenosine during tachycardia and whose mechanism of AT was characterized by pharmacological perturbation, entrainment, 3D electroanatomic mapping, and results of radiofrequency ablation. Eight tachycardias were macroreentrant (noncavotricuspid isthmus-dependent), and 35 ATs were focal (either triggered or automatic). Adenosine administered during AT (at doses sufficient to result in AV block) terminated or transiently suppressed focal AT in 33 of 35 cases, whereas 8 of 8 macroreentrant ATs were adenosine insensitive (P0.001). Twenty-eight of 35 focal ATs were located along the crista terminalis or tricuspid annulus. Conclusions—The response of AT to adenosine can immediately differentiate atrial tachycardia arising from a focal source from that attributable to macroreentry. This finding can be exploited to facilitate developing a focused, strategic ablative approach at the onset of a procedure. (Circulation. 2002;106:2793-2799.)
Localization of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Spinal Nuclei Innervating Pelvic Ganglia

ABSTRACTWe employed retrograde axonal tracing techniques and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry to identify NOS-containing neuronal populations within the lumbosacral spinal cord and determine whether these project to the major pelvic ganglion in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat. Immunohistochemical localizations of NOS included neurons situated at the L5 to S2 segments of the spinal cord, which corresponded to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Another prominent locus for NOS was a group of neurons identified in the L1 segment corresponding to the dorsal commissural nucleus. These regions correlated directly with preganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic neuronal origins, respectively, which were established with ChAT colocalizations. Retrograde tracing verified the projection of these neurons to the pelvis. Additional neuronal localizations of NOS were observed throughout the intermediolateral cell column, involving the superficial laminae of the ...
Outcome of the dynamic helical hip screw system for intertrochanteric hip fractures in the elderly patients.

Introduction:The dynamic helical hip system (DHHS; Synthes, Paoli, Pennsylvania) differs from the standard dynamic sliding hip screw (SHS) in that in preparing for its insertion, reaming of the fem...
The Differential Relationship of Feminist Attitudes and Feminist Identity to Self-Efficacy

Feminist theorists have suggested that feminism provides a number of benefits for women, particularly regarding self-evaluations. However, most studies have conflated feminist attitudes and feminist identity. The main goal of this study was to assess the differential relationships of feminist attitudes and feminist identity to self-efficacy. Four hundred thirty-five students were surveyed at the beginning and end of their women's and gender studies (WGS) classes. In general, feminist attitudes and feminist identity were related to self-efficacy variables at pretest and to change in these variables over time. Feminist identity partially mediated the relationship between feminist attitudes and self-efficacy. Additionally, the results of this study generally support previous findings regarding the effect of WGS classes on students' feminist attitudes, feminist identity, and self-efficacy. Implications of these findings for the importance of feminist identity are discussed.
Differential twin concordance for multiple sclerosis by latitude of birthplace.

Objective: To address the inconsistency in the reported concordance of multiple sclerosis (MS) among twins by zygosity, sex, and latitude. Methods: Four hundred eighteen medically documented monozygotic (MZ) and 380 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) pairs were ascertained from 1980 to 1992 and followed. The study population was representative of twins with multiple sclerosis. Twins from Canada and adjacent US states (at or above 41– 42° N) were considered “northern,” and ancestry was dichotomized from descent from high-risk populations. Diagnosis before median age 29.3 years was considered “early.” Results: The MZ/DZ concordance ratio was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 – 8.9) among men and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5– 4.5) among women. The average age at northern diagnosis was independent of ancestry and 2 years earlier for both MZ (p 0.02) and DZ (p 0.01) patients. Among DZ twins, concordance was independent of all characteristics. Among MZ twins, concordance was 1.9 times (95% CI, 1.2–3.2) greater among northern twins, 1.9 (95% CI, 1.1–3.6) times greater among twins with high-risk ancestry, and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2–3.6) times greater if diagnosis was early. Ancestry and early diagnosis made independent significant contributions to the differential concordance by latitude. Interpretation: Multiple sclerosis is similarly heritable by sex, and the apparent variation in MZ concordance by latitude is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Ann Neurol 2006;60:56 – 64 The incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) increases with distance from the equator in both the northern 1 and southern 2 hemispheres. Migrant
Multivariate Polynomial Time-Series Models and Importance Ratios to Qualify Fecal Coliform Sources

Sensitivity analysis using importance ratios was applied to multivariate polynomial regression (MPR) models to make inferences about the nature and magnitude of fecal coliform (FC) sources in a combined sewer overflow-impacted stretch of the Passaic River at Paterson, New Jersey. The predictor variables in this study were temperature, discharge, precipitation, and upstream concentrations. The MPR models are applicable only for the current conditions with respect to pollutant sources. New models should be developed in case of any change in pollutant sources, by location or magnitude. This is a limitation that MPR models have in common with any empirical modeling approach, including multilinear regression or artificial neural networks. The performance of the MPR models using R2 was significantly better than simple linear models using the same variables. The importance ratio, a dimensionless measure of model sensitivity, was used for comparison of the effects of different variables. Because model sensitiviti...
Granzyme B as a diagnostic marker of tuberculosis in patients with and without HIV coinfection

Immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) are based on the estimation of interferon γ (IFN-γ) or IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) T cells following ex vivo stimulation with ESAT6 and CFP-10. Sensitivity of these tests is likely to be compromised in CD4(+) T-cell-depleted situations, like HIV-TB coinfection. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, isolated from 3 groups, viz., HIV-negative patients with active TB, HIV-TB coinfected patients, and healthy household contacts (HHCs) were cocultivated with autologous dendritic cells, and the cytokine response to rESAT6 stimulation was compared between groups in supernatants. While CD4(+) T-cell stimulation yielded significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ and interleukin 4 in HIV-negative TB patients, compared to HHCs, the levels of both these cytokines were nondiscriminatory between HIV-positive TB patients and HHCs. However, CD8(+) T-cell stimulation yielded significantly elevated granzyme B titers in both groups of patients, irrespective of HIV coinfection status. Hence, contrary to IFN-γ, granzyme B might be a useful diagnostic marker for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection particularly in HIV coinfected patients.
Too Much of a Good Thing

In a recent case, the likes of which we see too often, a modular home builder sued its competitor and four former employees for copyright infringement and misappropriation of its confidential information and trade secrets. The federal appellate decision emphasizes the universally recognized truth that a litigant must carefully tailor its request least a court give it too much.Contentious relationships make for contentious litigation, and these parties had both, which began when Defendant offered to buy Plaintiff. When that deal crumpled on the sidewalk like yesterday’s newspaper, Defendant, believing it could capture Plaintiff’s business with an end run, hired Plaintiff’s four key employees.One lesson that the years have taught is that when a gaggle of former employees leaves to open a competing shop or to join a competitor, they seldom arrive empty handed. This case was not the exception and the four employees brought with them to their new employer extensive information downloaded from the Plaintiff’s computers. With Plaintiff’s former general manager at the helm of Defendant, the former employees competed in the modular home industry and used Plaintiff’s information to build and sell its products.What follows is a description of how this litigation turned out.
Apocalyptic Imaginaries, Gramsci, and the Last Man on Earth

Spatial imaginaries of the apocalypse are as commonplace as ever. Whereas many geographers have critiqued them as politically disabling and categorized them with the rise of postpolitical discourse, others have argued that they are potentially generative of new, progressive forms of politics. In this article I contribute to this discussion through a Gramscian reading of the apocalyptic imaginary of “the last man on Earth” as encapsulated in the novel I Am Legend (Matheson [1954] 1995) and its three filmic adaptations, The Last Man on Earth (Ragona and Salkow 1964), The Omega Man (Sagal 1971), and I Am Legend (Lawrence 2007). Gramsci is useful here for his analytical method of situating political expression within the historical structure that enables and constrains it. Likewise, how the end of the world is imagined is not strictly something that politicizes or depoliticizes, but can also be seen as an effect of the established social order. I argue that this can be discerned both in terms of how the book ...