cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Atypical HNF4A Mutation Which Does Not Conform to the Classic Presentation of HNF4A-MODY.

Objective. To present the case of an atypical Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha (HNF4A) mutation that is not consistent with the classically published presentation of HNF4A-Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). Methods. Clinical presentation and literature review. Results. A 43-year-old nonobese man was referred to the endocrinology clinic for evaluation of elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements. Laboratory review revealed prediabetes and hypertriglyceridemia for the previous decade. Testing of autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes was negative. Genetic testing showed an autosomal dominant, heterozygous missense mutation (c.991C>T; p.Arg331Cys) in the HNF4A gene, which is correlated with HNF4A-MODY. Phenotypically, patients with an HNF4A-MODY tend to have early-onset diabetes, microvascular complications, low triglyceride levels, increased birth weight, fetal macrosomia, and less commonly neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The patient did not demonstrate any of these features but instead presented with late-onset diabetes, an elevated triglyceride level, and a normal birth weight. Conclusion. Our patient likely represents an atypical variant of HNF4A-MODY with a milder clinical presentation. Patients with atypical, less-severe presentations of HNF4A-MODY may be largely undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, but identification is important due to implications for treatment, pregnancy, and screening of family members.
IS REFLECTIVE SUPERVISION ENOUGH? AN EXPLORATION OF WORKFORCE PERSPECTIVES

Infant mental health practice requires the performance of intense emotional labor. Professionals comprising the infant mental health (IMH) field are largely women at seminal points in adult life-span development. The purpose of this article is to explore the day-to-day challenges faced by clinical infant mental health professionals and their perspectives on the supports available for effective job performance. We review reflective supervision as a long-cherished professional support in the IMH field designed to hold the practitioner's fears, worries, and ambivalence, so that she may return to the work fortified to remain in therapeutic alliance with families despite unsolvable problems and an unknowable future (Weatherston, D., 2009). Yet, we propose that reflective supervision alone may not be an adequate protective measure for a workforce performing intensive emotional labor for extended periods and therefore at potentially increased risk for burnout and high turnover (Hochschild, A.R. ; C. Maslach, , C.M. Brotheridge & A.A. Grandey, 2009; A.S. Wharton, ). We suggest that structural factors concerning organizational culture, flexibility in scheduling, and professional growth and versatility bear deeper examination for their merits in supporting the IMH workforce. Finally, we contend that the overrepresentation of women in practitioner positions in IMH leaves an empirical gap where little is known about the experience of male IMH practitioners and the ramifications of their performance of emotional labor.
Summary, Conclusions, and Future Work

We have addressed the broad problem of hardware-software co-synthesis for digital systems. This formulation of the co-synthesis problem is based on the extension of the high-level synthesis techniques to system-level by including a software component that is implemented on the processor. The software component is generated by partitioning and suitable linearization of operations in a graph-based system model. However, due to the differences in the execution rate and timing of operations, the problems of software generation and its interface to the hardware are more complicated than the problems of operation scheduling in high-level synthesis.
The Differences in Local Translatome across Distinct Neuron Types Is Mediated by Both Baseline Cellular Differences and Post-transcriptional Mechanisms

Local translation in neurites is a phenomenon that enhances the spatial segregation of proteins and their functions away from the cell body, yet it is unclear how local translation varies across neuronal cell types. Further, it is unclear whether differences in local translation across cell types simply reflect differences in transcription or whether there is also a cell type-specific post-transcriptional regulation of the location and translation of specific mRNAs. Most of the mRNAs discovered as being locally translated have been identified from hippocampal neurons because their laminar organization facilitates neurite-specific dissection and microscopy methods. Given the diversity of neurons across the brain, studies have not yet analyzed how locally translated mRNAs differ across cell types. Here, we used the SynapTRAP method to harvest two broad cell types in the mouse forebrain: GABAergic neurons and layer 5 projection neurons. While some transcripts overlap, the majority of the local translatome is not shared across these cell types. In addition to differences driven by baseline expression levels, some transcripts also exhibit cell type-specific post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, we provide evidence that GABAergic neurons specifically localize mRNAs for peptide neurotransmitters, including somatostatin and cortistatin, suggesting localized production of these key signaling molecules in the neurites of GABAergic neurons. Overall, this work suggests that differences in local translation in neurites across neuronal cell types are poised to contribute substantially to the heterogeneity in neuronal phenotypes.
CMOS oscillators to satisfy 802.15.4 and Bluetooth LE PHY specifications without a crystal reference

We compare measured CMOS relaxation oscillator performance against physical-layer specifications defined by low-power RF communication standards IEEE 802.15.4 and Blue-tooth Low-Energy with the aim of satisfying those specifications without a crystal oscillator. The time and frequency aspects of these FSK-based specifications concern RF channel, modulation frequency, data rate, and sleep time. If they can be satisfied without a crystal oscillator, future wireless ICs can be designed that do not rely on a crystal reference and still perform standards-compatible communication. We find most physical-layer specifications can be satisfied by relaxation oscillators with the exception of RF carrier accuracy. The RF ring oscillator under test is dominated by flicker noise, which sets an Allan variance/jitter floor about an order of magnitude noisier than is required by current specifications.
In situ evaluation of a persistent disinfectant provides continuous decontamination within the clinical environment.

Microbial bioburden associated with the built environment can impact the rate of health care–associated infection acquisition; higher bioburden results in a greater incidence of health care–associated infections. Two disinfectants registered by the US Environmental Protection Agency and a trial disinfectant were evaluated for their ability to limit the establishment of bioburden subsequent to application under in situ conditions on patient bed rails within a medical intensive care unit. Bioburden samples were collected immediately prior to disinfection and at 1, 6, and 24 hours after application. The trial disinfectant was engineered to provide continuous disinfection over a 24-hour period. Each disinfectant was able to significantly control bioburden for the first hour. In comparison, the persistent agent was found superior for all time points when compared to a dilutable quaternary ammonium agent, and it was significantly better for controlling bioburden for 2 of the 3 times points for the disinfectant with ethanol and quaternary ammonium as its agent.
A load-transfer function for the side resistance of drilled shafts in soft rock

Abstract The shear stress and shear displacement relationship for the rock socket sidewalls is required for the calculation of the drilled shaft butt settlement under the service loads. This paper first introduces a comprehensive database of in situ axial load tests on drilled shafts, anchors and plugs that are embedded in different soft rock formations. The database includes measurements of (i) the initial shear stiffness, (ii) the peak shear stress and (iii) the post-peak reduction in shear stresses for the socket sidewalls. In addition to the load test results, information on soft rock mass mechanical properties and rock socket geometry is also included. It is found that (i) the initial shear stiffness is directly related to the deformation modulus of the soft rock mass and inversely proportional to the rock socket diameter and length, (ii) the mobilized peak shear stress is related to the drained friction angle of the rock mass and normal stress on the socket sidewalls at failure. The rock mass friction angle is related to the rock type and the geological strength index, and the normal stress at failure is directly related to deformation modulus of rock mass and inversely to the product of rock socket length and diameter, and (iii) the post-peak brittleness is related to the soft rock type and the post-peak shear displacement. An empirical framework for the prediction of the load-transfer function for side resistance of sockets in soft sedimentary and fine-grained rock is developed using the load test database introduced herein. The proposed framework accounts for the socket geometrical characteristics, and the rock mass engineering properties. The pre-peak range in the load-transfer function is modeled using a hyperbolic function, and the post-peak range is modeled using a brittleness index to account for the reduction in shear stresses with post-peak displacement.
Mediating Islamic State| Islamic State: Politics by Other Means?

In this article, I examine the ways in which Islamic State deploys neoliberal concepts of justice, security, and equality against the West. I analyze how the militant group weaponizes these concepts in three different ways. First, I look at how Islamic State uses these concepts in its recruitment strategy to appeal to a sense of victimhood that is represented by Islam but is not limited to Muslims. Second, I argue that the militant group is not questioning the premises of these terms or their meaning, but is critiquing the hypocritical ways they are being applied arbitrarily and the ambivalence of the West in applying them. Third, I examine how Islamic State is at the same time the result of and a reproduction of the precarity of living under neoliberalism.
Deep Packet Inspection in Industrial Automation Control System to Mitigate Attacks Exploiting Modbus/TCP Vulnerabilities

Modbus TCP/IP protocol is a commonly used protocol in industrial automation control systems, systems responsible for sensitive operations such as gas turbine operation and refinery control. The protocol was designed decades ago with no security features in mind. Denial of service attack and malicious parameter command injection are examples of attacks that can exploit vulnerabilities in industrial control systems that use Modbus/TCP protocol. This paper discusses and explores the use of intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) with deep packet inspection (DPI) capabilities and DPI industrial firewalls that have capability to detect and stop highly specialized attacks hidden deep in the communication flow. The paper has the following objectives: (i) to develop signatures for IDPS for common attacks on Modbus/TCP based network architectures; (ii) to evaluate performance of three IDPS - Snort, Suricata and Bro – in detecting and preventing common attacks on Modbus/TCP based control systems; and (iii) to illustrate and emphasize that the IDPS and industrial firewalls with DPI capabilities are not preventing but only mitigating likelihood of exploitation of Modbus/TCP vulnerabilities in the industrial and automation control systems. The results presented in the paper illustrate that it might be challenging task to achieve requirements on real-time communication in some industrial and automation control systems in case the DPI is implemented because of the latency and jitter introduced by these IDPS and DPI industrial firewall.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Nationalism

Early studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic causes the rally-around-the-flag effect and increases the level of nationalism among the voters after the outbreak. However, how long does this boost last? Voters may cognitively withdraw their identification to the beloved country if the pandemic is rampant in where they live as well as when the government fails to address it thouroughly. We conducted a pre-registered MTurk experiment (n=606) on April 20, 2020, in the U.S.– three months after the first confirmed case and weeks after the large-scale lockdown. Results show that U.S. subjects who were primed of the COVID-19 in the U.S. significantly decreased their level of nationalism, especially among Democrats. In contrast, the priming of “COVID-19 in the world” has no effect. The negative impact of COVID-19 on nationalism could be explained by enough time as people could observe and evaluate the government’s performance after the outbreak through the partisan lens.
3D Printed Total Talus Replacement for Avascular Necrosis of the Talus.

Background:Talus avascular necrosis (AVN) is a challenging entity to treat. Management options depend on disease severity and functional goals. Total talus replacement (TTR) is a treatment option t...
Survival and Right Ventricular Function After Surgical Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract Background Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality because of right ventricular (RV) failure. There is evidence suggesting surgical therapy (surgical embolectomy or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) is safe and effective. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of surgical management of acute PE. Methods Surgical embolectomy and/or venoarterial ECMO were compared, between 2005 and 2019, for massive PE (MPE) versus high-risk submassive PE (SMPE). RV recovery was defined as improvements in central venous pressure, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, RV/left ventricular ratio, and RV fractional area change. Results One hundred thirty-six patients with PE (92 with SMPE and 44 with MPE) were identified. Patients with MPE more often presented with syncope (59.1% [26 of 44] vs. 25.0% [23 of 92]; p = 0.0003), Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤4 (22.7% [10 of 44] vs. 0% [0 of 92]), and failed thrombolysis (18.2% [8 of 44] vs. 4.3% [3 of 92]; p = 0.008). Pre-operative cardiopulmonary resuscitation occurred in 43.2% of patients with MPE (19 of 44). Most patients with SMPE were treated with embolectomy (98.9% [91 of 92]), while ECMO was used more in those with MPE (ECMO in 40.9% [18 of 44], embolectomy in 59.1% [26 of 44]). RV function improved as measured by central venous pressure (from 23.4 ± 4.9 to 10.5 ± 3.1 mm Hg), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (from 60.6 ± 14.2 to 33.8 ± 10.7 mm Hg), RV/left ventricular ratio (from 1.19 ± 0.33 to 0.87 ± 0.23; p Conclusions Surgical management of patients with MPE and high-risk SMPE is safe and highly effective at achieving RV recovery.
Modeling cryogenic mud volcanism on Pluto

Abstract Subsurface ice cryofluids and ice interactions with ammonia for cryovolcanic materials give the potential ingredients for the formation of mud volcanoes on Pluto. In order to constrain the possible morphology from images acquired by the New Horizons spacecraft, we have modeled the formation of mud volcanoes, isostatic layers of ice overlain by denser material, from a series of possible solid-liquid “mud” compositions (methane and ammonia), as well as accounting for the full range of eruption variables (e.g., mud viscosity, conduit diameter, and eruption duration). We categorize them into nine specific scenarios based on the composition of the top ice layer and mud composition. From these scenarios, the maximum height of the potential mud volcano can be calculated. We find that ammonia mud sources produce smaller edifice heights and wider flow profiles compared to methane-dominant mud cryovolcanoes. Assuming certain preliminary parameters, we also propose the evolution and development of the edifice of Wright Mons in as little as 3.8 million years given a 10 wt% ammonia subsurface mud composition. If characterized on Pluto's surface, mud volcanoes would provide an interesting insight on the subsurface dynamics of solids and cryofluids on Pluto.
Employment impacts of the San Francisco sugar-sweetened beverage tax 2 years after implementation.

Introduction Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes have been implemented worldwide to raise revenue and reduce consumption of SSBs, which is associated with health harms. Empirical evaluations have found that these taxes are successful at reducing demand for SSBs; however, SSB taxes face opposition, in part because of claims that they will lead to substantial job losses. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the San Francisco SSB tax, implemented on January 1st, 2018, on employment. Methods Monthly employment counts were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics from January 2013 (5-years pre-tax) through December 2019 (2-years post-tax) for the overall economy, private sector, supermarkets and other grocery stores, convenience stores, limited-service restaurants, and beverage manufacturing. A synthetic control analysis was conducted for each employment outcome. The synthetic controls (i.e., estimated counterfactuals) were generated from a pool of urban control counties using pre-tax labor market-related characteristics. Results The synthetic controls had similar labor market-related characteristics and employment outcomes to those in San Francisco in the pre-tax period. Up to 2 years post-tax, differences in employment between San Francisco and the synthetic controls were small and not "statistically significant" based on placebo tests for all employment outcomes. Conclusions Up to two years post-tax, we do not find evidence that the San Francisco SSB tax negatively impacted net employment, employment in the private sector, or employment in specific SSB-related industries.
Encountering unnatural E-literature: tracing interpretation and relationality across multimodal response and digital annotation

The emergence of e-literature – texts created on and for digital devices – has coincided with innovative, transgressive methods of storytelling. Pry, an iOS-based text, exemplifies e-literature’s p...
Motivators and barriers to research participation for individuals with cerebral palsy and their families

Abstract Objective(s) Our objective was to investigate the motivators and barriers associated with the individual or family decision to participate in cerebral palsy research. Based on this information, we offer suggestions to increase the likelihood of participation in future CP studies. Methods A digital survey was administered to stakeholders affected by cerebral palsy across the US. Our analysis focused on variables related to personal interests, travel, and study-specific elements. Statistical tests investigated the effects of responder type, cerebral palsy type, and Gross Motor Function Classification System level on travel and study-specific element variables. Recommendations were informed by responses reflecting the majority of respondents. Results Based on 233 responses, we found that respondents highly valued research participation (on average 88.2/100) and compensation (on average 62.3/100). Motivators included the potential for direct benefit (62.2%) and helping others (53.4%). The primary barriers to participation were schedule limitations (48.9%) and travel logistics (32.6%). Schedule limitations were especially pertinent to caregivers, while individuals with more severe cerebral palsy diagnoses reported the necessity of additional items to comfortably travel. Conclusions Overall, we encourage the involvement of stakeholders affected by cerebral palsy in the research process. Researchers should consider offering flexible study times, accommodating locations, and compensation for time and travel expenses. We recommend a minimum compensation of $15/hour and a maximum time commitment of 4 hours/day to respect participants’ time and increase likelihood of research participation. Future studies should track how attitudes toward research change with time and experience.
Do Managers Walk the Talk on Environmental and Social Issues

We train a deep-learning based Natural Language Processing (NLP) model on various corporate sustainability frameworks in order to construct a comprehensive Environmental and Social (E&S) dictionary that incorporates materiality. We analyze the earnings conference calls of U.S. public firms during 2007-2019 using this dictionary. We find that the discussion of environmental topics is associated with higher pollution abatement and more future green patents. Firms reduced their air pollution even after the U.S. announced its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. Similarly, the discussion of social topics is positively associated with improved employee ratings. Overall, our results provide some evidence that firms do walk their talk on E&S issues.
A chemical-genetic investigation of BDNF-NtrkB signaling in mammalian sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The neurotrophin brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is hypothesized to be a molecular mediator of mammalian sleep homeostasis. This hypothesis is supported by correlational findings and results obtained from pharmacology. BDNF binds with high affinity to the membrane bound receptor Neurotrophin Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B (NtrkB), which triggers several intracellular signaling cascades. It is therefore possible that BDNF's role in sleep homeostasis is mediated via NtrkB. We examined this hypothesis using a chemical-genetic technique that allows for rapid and selective inhibition of NtrkB in vivo. METHODS We used mutant mice bearing a point mutation in the NtrkB that allows for selective and reversible inactivation in the presence of a small binding molecule (1-NM-PP1). Using a cross-over design, we determined the effects of NtrkB inhibition on baseline sleep architecture and sleep homeostasis. RESULTS We find that NtrkB inhibition reduced REM sleep time and increased state-transitions but had no effect on sleep homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that BDNF-NtrkB receptor signaling has relatively subtle roles in sleep architecture, but no role in sleep homeostasis.
Fish protein concentrate: Lessons for future food supplementation

Abstract Fish protein concentrate (FPC) was widely publicized during the late 1960s as the most promising of a number of ‘technological fixes’, to eliminate worldwide malnutrition. On the basis of their deep involvement in a study on the fate of FPC projects in over 40 countries, the authors speculate in this paper what lessons should be learned from the FPC experience for future food supplementation endeavours.
Self-flux sodium based charge compensation in crystals of trivalent europium activated alkaline earth metal tungstate phosphors

Alkaline earth metal tungstate compounds activated by trivalent europium (Eu3+) are promising candidates for narrow spectral emission red phosphors suitable for high efficacy white light emitting diodes (LEDs). By growing crystals of these compounds from high temperature flux containing Na+ as the charge compensation element, enhancement in the emission intensity of A1 − xWO4: (A = Mg, Ca, Sr) has been demonstrated compared to phosphor powders synthesized using traditional solid state reaction. An optimum flux to solute ratio of 1.5:1 resulted in the largest size crystals using the sodium tungstate flux at growth temperature around 1300 °C. Amongst the three compounds studied, calcium tungstate exhibited the highest luminescence and magnesium tungstate the lowest. These results have been explained by the differences in the ionic radii of the cations compared to the europium activator and the energy bandgap of the host lattice. CaWO4:Eu3+/Na+ flux grown phosphor crystals exhibit almost five times higher emission intensity as compared to phosphor powders synthesized by solid-state reaction.
Multiple methods and multiple paradigms for digital government research: understanding the promises and challenges

The goal of this 'Birds of a Feather' session is to discuss some important issues in relation to the use of multi-method approaches or multiple methods in conducting digital government research. The session will cover topics such as the definition of multi-method approaches, advantages and disadvantages of using multiple methods, practical challenges, and a discussion about combining methods with different philosophical assumptions.
Heart rate variability after myocardial infarction: what we know and what we still need to find out

Heart rate variability (HRV) is represented by the variation of the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats or the instantaneous heart rates, and can be assessed with linear and non-linear parameters. It is a sensitive indicator of an overall system complexity and adaptability and can be used to diagnose the autonomic dysfunction and quantify the associated risk in a variety of cardiac and non-cardiac disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the value of HRV in predicting the risk of long-term all cause, cardiac, and arrhythmic mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction (MI). We also emphasize the lack of evidence on the role of therapeutic interventions such as medications, bio-behavioral treatments, cardiac rehabilitation, and exercise, in modifying the HRV in post-MI patients.
Accumulation of an organ-specific protein during development of the embryonic chick brain.

In an earlier investigation by the present authors (Friedman & Wenger, 1965) the quantitative development of brain-specific antigens in chick embryos was studied using antisera against whole brain homogenates. The antisera employed were made brain specific by absorption with homogenates of various chicken tissues. Based on this study, the period between 5½ and 12 days of incubation, stages 28 and 38 of the Hamburger & Hamilton (1951) stage series, was considered to be critical for neural differentiation. Previous studies of the development of brain-specific antigens had generally employed qualitative precipitin tests or specific inhibition of differentiation by antisera and did not measure the accumulation patterns of these antigens (Schechtman, 1948; Ebert, 1950; Flickinger, 1958; McCallion & Langman, 1964). An opportunity to study the differentiation of the brain with respect to a single, well-characterized tissue-specific protein was presented by the isolation from beef brain of a unique protein termed ‘S-100’ because of its solubility in 100 % saturated ammonium sulfate (Moore & McGregor, 1965; Moore, 1965).
Characteristics of the MasPar parallel I/O system

Input/output speed continues to present a performance challenge for high-performance computing systems. This is because technology improves processor speed, memory speed and capacity, and disk capacity at a much higher-rate than mass storage latency. Developments in I/O architecture have been attempting to reduce this performance gap. The MasPar I/O architecture includes many interesting features. This work presents an experimental study of the dynamic characteristics of the MasPar parallel I/O. Performance measurements were collected and compared for the MasPar MP-1 and MP-2 testbeds at NASA GSFC. The results have revealed strengths as well as areas for potential improvements and are helpful to software developers, systems managers, and system designers. >
The proton-motive force is required for translocation of CDI toxins across the inner membrane of target bacteria.

Summary Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a mode of bacterial competition orchestrated by the CdiB/CdiA family of two-partner secretion proteins. The CdiA effector extends from the surface of CDI+ inhibitor cells, binds to receptors on neighbouring bacteria and delivers a toxin domain derived from its C-terminal region (CdiA-CT). Here, we show that CdiA-CT toxin translocation requires the proton-motive force (pmf) within target bacteria. The pmf is also critical for the translocation of colicin toxins, which exploit the energized Ton and Tol systems to cross the outer membrane. However, CdiA-CT translocation is clearly distinct from known colicin-import pathways because ΔtolA ΔtonB target cells are fully sensitive to CDI. Moreover, we provide evidence that CdiA-CT toxins can be transferred into the periplasm of de-energized target bacteria, indicating that transport across the outer membrane is independent of the pmf. Remarkably, CDI toxins transferred under de-energized conditions remain competent to enter the target-cell cytoplasm once the pmf is restored. Collectively, these results indicate that outer- and inner-membrane translocation steps can be uncoupled, and that the pmf is required for CDI toxin transport from the periplasm to the target-cell cytoplasm.
Point Of Departure

I wake to the Muslim Call to Prayer. The muezzin's voice is pleading with me, only I can't make out for what. Aziz, my new Moroccan lover, is sleeping beside me. He is dreaming in Arabic; he is dreaming in French. Together we are prostrate on his bed— naked, uncovered, surrounded by four red walls. There is a window above the bed, and a yellow curtain hanging from it. The curtain lifts and falls from the hot Middle Atlas wind that pushes itself into the tiny room; the sun is coming through the yellow curtain, making the room golden. Today is February 4, 2008. It is the thirtieth anniversary of my mother's death, although "anniversary" seems too musical a word. I turn onto my side, put my back to the new man. Outside the window Aziz's niece is shouting, "Uncle Aziz! Uncle Aziz!" Her singsong French reminds me of a baby bird. She is a tiny fauvette, a warbler flapping her brown wings. But Aziz doesn't stir, and I am careful not to speak. He wouldn't like Leila to know that he has a woman with him in his room.
Further results on noise-enhanced distributed inference in the presence of Byzantines

The problem of Byzantine (malicious sensors) threats in a distributed detection framework for inference networks is addressed. Impact of Byzantines is mitigated by suitably adding Stochastic Resonance (SR) noise. Previously, Independent Malicious Byzantine Attack (IMBA), where each Byzantine decides to attack the network independently relying on its own observation was considered. In this paper, we present further results for Cooperative Malicious Byzantine Attack (CMBA), where Byzantines collaborate to make the decision and use this information for the attack. In order to analyze the network performance, we consider KL-Divergence (KLD) to quantify detection performance and minimum fraction of Byzantines needed to blind the network (αblind) as a security metric. We show that both KLD and αblind increase when SR noise is added at the honest sensors. When SR noise is added to the fusion center, we analytically show that there is no gain in terms of αblind or the network-wide performance measured in terms of the deflection coefficient. We also model a game between the network and the Byzantines and present a necessary condition for a strategy (SR noise) to be a saddle-point equilibrium.
Ultrastructural observations on membranous structures in developing mouse oocytes.

Ultrastructural studies have revealed the presence of unusual membrane complexes within developing mouse oocytes. These structures, most obvious 18 days post fertilization, are found in the nucleus or cytoplasm of cells in meiotic prophase. The complexes, usually found in small groups, are characterized by a slightly bowed appearance, and a thin middle section that is vesiculated at each end. At high magnification the middle section exhibits a pentalaminar structure similar to tight junctional complexes, while the looped membranes of the vesiculated ends are trilaminar in appearance. In addition to being free in the nucleoplasm or cytoplasm, the complexes are also seen in continuity with the inner and outer leaflets of the nuclear envelope, and with typical membranes forming cytoplasmic tubular systems. The possible formation of these complexes from blebs or vesicles derived from the nuclear envelope is presented and the role that these structures may play in developing oocytes is discussed.
Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive Large T-Cell Lymphoma in an 80-Year-Old Man: A Case Report

Primary cutaneous CD30-positive large cell lymphoma (CD30+ PCLCL) is a rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that can present in a variety of ways. We report a patient with a three-month history of an enlarging, exophytic mass with two smaller satellite lesions on the left forearm. Biopsy of the skin stained positive for CD30, and, after thorough systemic evaluation, a diagnosis of CD30+ PCLCL was made. When PCLCL is suspected, it is important to perform immunohistological studies for CD30 types and conduct a thorough workup to rule out systemic LCL. These measures will reduce the use of unnecessarily aggressive chemotherapy regimens for CD30+ PCLCL, an indolent disease with a favorable prognosis.
Glacimarine sedimentary processes, facies and morphology of the south-southeast Alaska shelf and fjords

Abstract High precipitation from Gulf of Alaska air masses can locally reach up to 800 cm a−1. This precipitation on tectonically active mountains creates cool-temperate glaciation with extremely active erosion and continuously renewed resources. High basal debris loads up to 1.5 m thick of pure debris and rapid glacial flow, which can be more than 3000 m a−1, combine to produce large volumes of siliciclastic glacimarine sediment at some of the highest sediment accumulation rates on record. At tidewater fronts of valley glaciers, sediment accumulation rates can be over 13 m a−1 and deltas commonly grow at about 106 m3 a−1. Major processes influencing glacimarine sedimentation are glacial transport and glacier-contact deposition, meltwater (subaerial and submarine) and runoff transport and deposition, iceberg rafting and gouging, sea-ice transport, wave action and storm reworking, tidal transport and deposition, alongshelf transport, sliding and slumping and gravity flows, eolian transport, and biogenic production and reworking. Processes are similar in both shelf and fjord settings; however, different intensities of some processes create different facies associations and geometries. The tectonoclimatic regime also controls morphology because bedrock structure is modified by glacial action. Major glacimarine depositional systems are all siliciclastic. They are subglacial, marginal-morainal bank and submarine outwash, and proglacial/paraglacial-fluvial/deltaic, beach, tidal flat/estuary, glacial fjord, marine outwash fjord and continental shelf. Future research should include study of long cores with extensive dating and more seismic surveys to evaluate areal and temporal extent of glacial facies and glaciation; time-series oceanographic data, sidescan sonar surveys and submersible dives to evaluate modern processes; biogenic diversity and production to evaluate paleoecological, paleobiogeographic and biofacies analysis; and detailed comparisons of exposed older rock of the Yakataga Formation to evaluate how glacial style has evolved over 6.3 Ma.
Ion-implanted threshold tailoring for insulated gate field-effect transistors

This paper develops a general threshold equation for long-channel insulated gate field-effect transistors which accounts for the effects of ion-implant profiles used in threshold tailoring. Although any integrable function used to describe the nonuniform doping will yield an analytical expression for threshold, a Gaussian function is chosen because it accurately describes the implanted profile following proper annealing, regardless of subsequent high-temperature steps during fabrication. Most profiles of interest are quasi-neutral, i.e., the spatial dependence of the majority carriers in the undepleted bulk is adequately described by the doping profile, but the threshold equation is shown to be an excellent approximation for non quasi-neutral profiles as well. Comparison with experimental results show the analytical expression to be in good agreement with data over a wide range of implant conditions and starting substrate resistivity.
Rational parametric representation of parabolic cyclide: formulation and applications

The Dupin cyclide is a quartic surface with several interesting properties such as circular lines of curvature and rational parametric representation. Non-degenerate forms of the Dupin cyclide have been used for applications such as surface composition, variable radius blending and free space representation. The parabolic cyclide, a cubic surface, is a degenerate form of the Dupin cyclide with a pair of skew lines of curvature on its surface. The parabolic cyclide patch is attractive for geometric design applications due to its lower algebraic degree and (degenerate) straight lines of curvature, which can be used to provide smooth transition from planar to curved surfaces. The parametric representations available for the general Dupin cyclide cannot, in general, be extended to the parabolic cyclide. In this paper, we derive a new rational biquadratic and corresponding NURBS representation for a parabolic cyclide patch. We also discuss the practical issues involved in using these parametric representations and provide examples of applications of this patch.
Male Fischer 344/N rats show a progressive central impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with advancing age

We investigated the effects of aging on the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and hippocampal steroid receptors in a series of in vivo and in vitro studies conducted in healthy intact 2-, 8-, 18-, and 24-month-old male Fischer 344/N rats. Basal plasma ACTH levels were similar among age groups, and basal plasma corticosterone levels showed a significant aging-associated decline. Two i.v. doses (2 and 20 micrograms/kg BW) of rat CRF elicited significantly greater and delayed ACTH and greater corticosterone responses in older rats, consistent with the pattern encountered in hypothalamic CRF deficiency. In contrast, the i.v. injection of a muscarinic agonist, arecoline, elicited similar ACTH and corticosterone responses in all age groups. An i.v. injection of ACTH-(1-24) evoked lower corticosterone responses in the older (18- and 24-month-old) than in the younger (2- and 8-month-old) groups of rats, consistent with an impairment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in older anim...
Satisfaction With Subordinates: A Neglected Research Issue Concerning Supervisors1

Satisfaction with subordinates, a relatively neglected facet of job satisfaction, was examined via questionnaires administered to both a sample of 37 retail store supervisors and a second sample of 58 bank supervisors regarding 274 of their subordinates. Functional relationships between supervisors and subordinates, in which subordinates help get things done in the workplace, were related to satisfaction with subordinates even after entity relationships (similarity between supervisors and subordinates on biodata and values) were controlled.
Remarks on a coordinate system for critical fluctuations

Abstract The elements of a coordinate system for critical fluctuations are expressed in terms of the correlation functions which characterize the thermodynamic behavior of the system. As well, a k -dependent generalization of Le Chatelier's principle is derived.
Liquidus calculation of II–VI compound semiconductors☆☆☆

Abstract The pair approximation (which is equivalent to the quasi-chemical method) is used to calculate liquidus of II–VI compound semiconductors. For the liquid phase, a quasi-lattice structure is assumed and the pressure and the association property are taken into account. Vieland's formula is used for the free energy difference between liquid and solid. Numerical calculation was made with the Hg-Te and Cd-Te systems. For each system, one set of parameters is found which computes the liquidus in good agreement with experiments for the entire composition and temperature ranges. A particular attention is paid to the shape of the liquidus curve near its top. Experimentally it looks pointed, although thermodynamics requires it to be rounded. Our calculation shows that when the AB-A and AB-B interactions are repulsive, the theoretical curve looks pointed and the top region has a very small radius of curvature.
A data distortion by probability distribution

This paper introduces data distortion by probability distribution, a probability distortion that involves three steps. The first step is to identify the underlying density function of the original series and to estimate the parameters of this density function. The second step is to generate a series of data from the estimated density function. And the final step is to map and replace the generated series for the original one. Because it is replaced by the distorted data set, probability distortion guards the privacy of an individual belonging to the original data set. At the same time, the probability distorted series provides asymptotically the same statistical properties as those of the original series, since both are under the same distribution. Unlike conventional point distortion, probability distortion is difficult to compromise by repeated queries, and provides a maximum exposure for statistical analysis.
Proxy-assisted interactive-video services over networks with large delays

While emerging broadband access technologies such as DSL and cable are making multimedia services feasible and economically attractive for end-users, there still exist several hurdles in terms of service sustainability and reliability. Unfortunately, without the desired quality-of-service (QoS) support, tackling these hurdles with traditional solutions is an insuperably difficult task. Yet, novel designs that are proven to be useful in various scenarios may easily fail when the underlying network experiences severe packet loss or delay. Such circumstances are unavoidable in today's best-effort Internet and will likely prevail in the near future as well. A promising approach in satisfying the stringent requirements of delay-intolerant video applications is to benefit from configurable proxies. In this study, we introduce a versatile proxy-based solution to enhance the performance of such applications running over networks with large delays. We first propose a methodology that accurately identifies lost packets in real time. This methodology is then used by the proxy and end-users to improve the error-control/protection capability of the video applications. By Internet experiments between the US and Europe, we demonstrate the effectiveness and potential benefits of the proposed approach.
Simultaneous Morphological and Biochemical Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Atherosclerotic Plaque Discrimination

We have developed a high-speed integrated OCT/FLIM imaging system to acquire morphological and biochemical images. System development and results from recent studies for cancer detection and atherosclerotic plaque discrimination will be discussed.
Induction of death receptor ligand-mediated apoptosis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: The search for sensitizing agents

Abstract Objective To assess the abilities of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het) compound (SHetA2) to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway by death receptor ligands, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Study design The effects of various combinations of TNFα, TRAIL, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and SHetA2 on viability and apoptosis in two established ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 and SK-OV-3, and normal human primary endometrial cultures were measured with a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometric analysis of annexin-V, and propidium iodide staining and Western blot analysis of caspase 8 and 3 activation. Results Ovarian cancer and normal cells were resistant to TNFα and TRAIL. Cisplatin and paclitaxel did not increase sensitivity to these agents in either cell type. In contrast, combination of SHetA2 with TNFα or TRAIL induced a synergistic induction of apoptosis in cancer cells that involved activation of the extrinsic pathway caspase 8 and executioner caspase 3. The TRAIL combination was more potent than the TNFα combination. SHetA2 did not harm the viability of normal cells as a single agent or in combination with the death receptor ligands. Conclusions SHetA2, but not cisplatin or paclitaxel, can overcome resistance of ovarian cancer cells to TNFα and TRAIL without increasing sensitivity of normal cells to these death receptor ligands.
Ethnographic Analysis of University-Industry Linkages: A Case Study in Triangulation

It is widely acknowledged that university research and information exchange between academic and industrial science play vital roles in technological innovation, yet little is known about the process of university-industry linkage and its economic results. In 1982, the National Science Foundation's Division of Industrial Science and Technological Innovation (NSF/ISTI) began sponsorship of a major research project exploring the process of information exchange between academia and the business world, as well as the relationship of such linkage to the complex process of technological innovation. From 1982 to 1985, the Productivity Improvement Research Section of NSF/ISTI provided approximately $400,000 to support a feasibility study and a two-phase research project focusing on university-industry linkages in the State of Michigan (Grant #ISI-8313945).
Endovascular caval interruption in pregnant patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity.

Abstract Purpose: The choice of therapy for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity during pregnancy has been widely debated. Warfarin passes through the placenta to the fetus and may cause fetal complications and/or death. Heparin, in contrast, does not cross the placenta, but its long-term use may be impractical and may increase the risk of bleeding, osteoporosis, and neurologic complications. The use of inferior vena cava filters in pregnancy has only been described as case reports in the English medical literature; therefore, this study reviews our experience on this subject. Methods: We analyzed 18 pregnant patients who had Greenfield filters (GFs) inserted for DVT of the lower extremity, pulmonary embolism (PE), or both. The DVT diagnosis was made by means of duplex imaging. Conventional full-dose intravenous heparin was initiated until the filter was inserted, followed by subcutaneous heparin until labor, and continued for 6 weeks postpartum in 13 patients who were breast-feeding. Warfarin was given postpartum in the other five patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 25 years. The indications for GF insertion included 3 patients who had a PE while on anticoagulation, 2 patients with significant bleeding caused by anticoagulation, 4 patients with free-floating iliofemoral DVT, 2 patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and 7 patients with iliofemoropopliteal DVT occurring 1 to 3 weeks before labor, for prophylactic reasons. Fourteen of 18 cases were diagnosed in the third trimester of the patient's pregnancy. Filters were inserted via the right internal jugular vein by means of a cut-down technique in the first four patients (stainless steel filters) and percutaneously in 14 patients. The mean fluoroscopy time during filter insertion was less than 2 minutes. There was no fetal or maternal morbidity or mortality. During long-term follow-up (mean, 78 months), no PE or filter-related complications were encountered. Conclusion: GF insertion in pregnant patients with DVT of the lower extremity is safe and effective. Its prophylactic use in pregnant patients who have extensive iliofemoral DVT right before labor may be justified. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:375-8.)