cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active site studies of human thrombin and bovine trypsin: peptide substrates.

Abstract Twenty-four oligopeptides modeled after the N-terminal portion of the α(A)-chain of human fibrinogen were synthesized and tested as substrates for human thrombin and bovine trypsin. The peptides contained either an Arg-Gly bond, or an Arg-Val bond, or both. Glycine and glutamic acid were substituted at various positions within the peptides, and from the k cat K m for each peptide with thrombin and with trypsin, the importance of residues on both sides of the Arg-Gly bond was evaluated. The trypsincatalyzed hydrolysis is faster than the thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of the peptides with glutamic acid at various distances N-terminal to the Arg-Gly bond. The ratio of the thrombic rate to the tryptic rate is fastest when glutamic acid is six residues away. Thrombin selectively cleaves the Arg-Gly bond in Ac-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-OH but cleaves both arginyl bonds rapidly in Ac-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-OMe. Trypsin selectively cleaves an Arg-Val bond in Ac-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-OMe. The results are discussed in the light of thrombic cleavages of proteins. Most of these are seen to occur at highly polar sequences that frequently contain a proline residue.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a pediatric patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Treatment with radiation therapy.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, an otherwise rare pediatric tumor, has been reported with increasing frequency in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). With current therapy, the outcome of this disease is invariably fatal. the authors present a case of primary CNS lymphoma in a 3.5-year-old girl with AIDS who received treatment with total brain irradiation. After treatment, the patient's mental status improved, the seizures resolved, and she had no further progression of her neurologic symptoms until she died of pneumonia 6 months later. the autopsy revealed a necrotic mass at the site of the original tumor. the brain stem and spinal cord, unirradiated, contained lymphomatous lesions. the patient had extensive fibrinoid necrosis and leukoencephalopathy that were consistent with radiation-induced CNS damage. Coexisting AIDS encephalopathy also contributed to the patient's CNS injury. Effective palliation of CNS lymphoma in children with AIDS may be obtained with cranial irradiation. Pediatric AIDS patients may show more severe tissue effects from irradiation than unaffected children.
Imaging of colorectal carcinoma with technetium-99m radiolabeled Fab' fragments.

In this phase III study, patients who had previously undergone surgery for colorectal cancer were studied using a technetium-99m ( 99m Tc)-labeled anti CEA antibody (IMMU-4 [Immunomedics, Morris Plains, NJ] 1mg of protein) to evaluate recurrence. Total-body, planar, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were performed within 6 hours of injection. Objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the 99m TC-labeled anti-CEA antibody, to assess sensitivity and specificity of the agent in known lesions, and to detect occult disease. The impact of antibody study on subsequent surgery was also evaluated. The Fab' fragment has a molecular weight of 54,000 and is supplied as a lyophilized kit that can be instantaneously labeled with 20 to 30 mCi of [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate. In 9 patients with known disease, planar spot imaging identified lesions in 7 (78% sensitivity), SPECT imaging detected lesions in 8 (88% sensitivity), and 1 patient did not have SPECT. In the group of 10 patients with occult (or equivolcal) disease, planar imaging sensitivity was 50%, and SPECT sensitivity was 100%. Analysis by site showed 14 of 24 lesions detected by planar imaging (58% sensitivity), and SPECT detected 24 of 24 lesions (100% sensitivity). Tumors as small as .5 cm were visualized in the 19 patients studied. The surgeon judged the antibody study to be impact neutral in 73% of the cases and helpful in 27% of the cases when antibody study altered the presurgical plan.
Intense Neutralized Beams

ABSTRACT Compared to conventional low intensity ion sources, high intensity particle beams, derived from pulsed, positive- or negative-ion sources, may offer distinct benefits for applications in beam heating and current drive in fusion reactors, inertial confinement fusion, and space defense. In recent work at the University of California, Irvine we have shown that pulsed, magnetically-insulated diodes can produce intense beams of positive or negative ions with current densities in the range of (at 0.5 MeV): 10 - 100 A/cm2 for negative beams and 100 - 1000 A.cm2 for positive beams. The normalized emittance of these intense sources is approximately, e = 0.02 cm-mrad, which is comparable to existing volume- or surface-ionization negative-ion sources; the beam divergence angle is also comparable, AO = 10 mrad. We have also used these same sources to produce intense beams of high atomic number, such as carbon.Inertial confinement fusion applications require ion energies approaching 10 MeV/amu and may be achieved using existing pulsed-power techniques. In SDI applications these sources would serve as a preinjector to a pulselac, or multistage linear-induction accelerator, to achieve at least an order of magnitude increase in ion energy. For long range propagation these beams must be current- and charge-neutral, achieved by stripping the negative beam with a foil, or by photoionization, or by adding an appropriate quantity of costreaming electrons to a positive beam. In any event, an intense neutral atom beam would eventually ionize, taking on the character of an intense, neutralized positive ion beam. We have demonstrated that a neutralized beam continues undeflected in a transverse magnetic field and low density magnetized plasma by collective beam processes, including diamagnetism and the ExB polarization drift; the ExB drift occurs^provided sufficient beam density is available for polarization ie, e = 1 + (w ./Q .) »(M./m ) ' where o> . , Q . are the ion plasma, cyclotron frequencies and M^, me are ?ne ion, electron masses, respectively. Thus collective processes would considerably extend the propagation range compared to conventional low intensity neutral particle beams.
Anorectal cancer following topical formalin application for haemorrhagic radiation proctitis

Objective Topical formalin has been used as an effective treatment for haemorrhagic radiation proctitis. In the course of reviewing our experience with this modality, we identified two patients who developed anorectal cancer during the follow-up period. Method From 2001 to 2005, 49 patients who received pelvic radiation for treatment of prostate, rectal or endometrial cancer subsequently developed haemorrhagic radiation proctitis. Four percent formalin was applied in the office setting under direct visualization with a rigid proctoscope and without sedation. Response to treatment was then reviewed. Results Seventy-eight per cent of patients reported a complete response to formalin application. Only 14% were refractory to formalin treatment. Two patients subsequently presented with anorectal cancer. Conclusion Topical formalin application in the outpatient setting appears to be an effective first-line treatment for haemorrhagic radiation proctitis. We report the first cases of anorectal cancer which developed subsequent to formalin application. Pelvic irradiation is known to increase the risk of developing a second malignancy, therefore it is impossible to determine what, if any, role formalin application played in the development of the second malignancies.
Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene by a high rate anaerobic microbial consortium.

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and other chloroethenes are major contaminants in groundwater, and PCE is particularly resistant to attack by aerobes. We have developed an anaerobic enrichment culture that...
Haptic Display of Interaction between Textured Models

Surface texture is among the most salient haptic characteristics of objects; it can induce vibratory contact forces that lead to perception of roughness. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to display haptic texture information resulting from the interaction between two textured objects. We compute contact forces and torques using low-resolution geometric representations along with texture images that encode surface details. We also introduce a novel force model based on directional penetration depth and describe an efficient implementation on programmable graphics hardware that enables interactive haptic texture rendering of complex models. Our force model takes into account important factors identified by psychophysics studies and is able to haptically display interaction due to fine surface textures that previous algorithms do not capture.
Gap junction adhesion is necessary for radial migration in the neocortex

Radial glia, the neuronal stem cells of the embryonic cerebral cortex, reside deep within the developing brain and extend radial fibres to the pial surface, along which embryonic neurons migrate to reach the cortical plate. Here we show that the gap junction subunits connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 43 (Cx43) are expressed at the contact points between radial fibres and migrating neurons, and acute downregulation of Cx26 or Cx43 impairs the migration of neurons to the cortical plate. Unexpectedly, gap junctions do not mediate neuronal migration by acting in the classical manner to provide an aqueous channel for cell-cell communication. Instead, gap junctions provide dynamic adhesive contacts that interact with the internal cytoskeleton to enable leading process stabilization along radial fibres as well as the subsequent translocation of the nucleus. These results indicate that gap junction adhesions are necessary for glial-guided neuronal migration, raising the possibility that the adhesive properties of gap junctions may have an important role in other physiological processes and diseases associated with gap junction function.
Metalloprotease Peptide Inhibitors: A Semester-Long Organic Synthetic Research Project for the Introductory Laboratory Course.

A semester-long research project to synthesize unique compounds designed after published metalloprotease peptide inhibitors is presented. The research project encompasses a set of nine organic chemistry reactions traditionally taught in the second semester lab course, and the procedures are derived from scientific literature. The two principle goals of the course design are (1) to enhance student interest through the scientific applications of the research project and (2) to introduce students to a synthetic organic chemistry research experience to develop skills needed in this area. In addition to the exploratory synthesis of novel compounds, students read background review articles about metalloprotease inhibitors. The design of the project provides opportunity for collaboration over multiple years, between different courses within the university, and among different schools.
A Novel Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Online Monitoring of Roll Compacts of Pharmaceutical Powders Online—A Comparative Case Study with NIR

Control of particulate processes is hard to achieve because of the ease with which powders tend to segregate. Thus, proper sensing methods must be employed to ensure content uniformity during operation. The role of sensing schemes becomes even more critical while operating the process continuously as measurements are essential for implementation of feedback control (Austin et al. 2013. J Pharm Sci 102(6):1895-1904; Austin et al. 2014. Anal Chim Acta 819:82-93). A microwave sensor was developed and shown to be effective in online measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) concentration in a powder blend. During powder transport and hopper storage before processing, powder blends may segregate and cause quality deviations in the subsequent tableting operation. Therefore, it is critical to know the API concentration in the ribbons as the content uniformity is fixed once the ribbon is processed. In this study, a novel microwave sensor was developed that could provide measurement of a roller compacted ribbon's API concentration online, along with its density and moisture content. The results indicate that this microwave sensor is capable of increased accuracy compared with a commercially available near-IR probe for the determination of content uniformity and density in roller compacted ribbons online.
Transient heat and mass transfer in an adiabatic regenerator—A green's matrix representation

Abstract A mathematical model is proposed which describes transient heat and mass transfer within a porous medium with bulk flow in an adjacent channel. This physical process is descriptive of regenerative type mass exchangers in which a solute is removed from a fluid phase by sorption onto the internal surface area of a porous material. An integral formulation of the solution to the mathematical model in terms of the Green's functions is presented. Once the Green's functions are determined the solution to the problem for any arbitrary inlet, initial and boundary condition is readily obtained by evaluating integrals involving the Green's functions and the known conditions. The solution to the mathematical problem for the case in which generation of heat and mass occurs within the porous material can also be written down immediately as an integral involving the Green's functions and the known functions describing the generation of heat and mass. For the special case where resistance to heat and mass transfer between flowing phase in the channel and external surface of the porous medium is negligible, the Green's functions are determined in the Laplace domain of the time variable. Using these Green's functions exact solutions are obtained for constant initial conditions and step change inputs at the inlet. These solutions allow calculation of temperature and concentration profiles within the porous material itself. Such complete solutions to similar problems have not previously been reported in the literature. These solutions are in the form of improper integrals, which are best evaluated using a digital computer. It was found that the breakthrough curves for the adiabatic mass exchanger actually exhibit two breakthroughs in contrast to the single breakthrough exhibited by the isothermal mass exchanger.
Intuitions in linguistics

Linguists take the intuitive judgments of speakers to be good evidence for a grammar. Why? The Chomskian answer is that they are derived by a rational process from a representation of linguistic rules in the language faculty. The paper takes a different view. It argues for a naturalistic and non-Cartesian view of intuitions in general. They are empirical central-processor responses to phenomena differing from other such responses only in being immediate and fairly unreflective. Applying this to linguistic intuitions yields an explanation of their evidential role without any appeal to the representation of rules.
An Improved Synthesis of Rimonabant: Anti-Obesity Drug#

A novel, cost-effective, and efficient process was developed for the large-scale synthesis of Rimonabant 1, an anti-obesity drug. The process involves the conversion of 4-chloro propiophenone 2 to ...
Methamphetamine and ethanol interactions in humans

Objective Methamphetamine and ethanol are commonly used together. We examined the effects of intravenous methamphetamine (30 mg), oral ethanol (1 gm/kg), and the combination of methamphetamine (30 mg) and ethanol (1 gm/kg). Methods Eight methamphetamine and ethanol users were studied in a double-blind, double-placebo, within-subject, balanced Latin-square design. Ethanol was administered in six drinks over 30 minutes. Methamphetamine was injected 60 minutes after the first drink was begun. Cardiovascular, subjective, and neuropsychologic effects of the drug combinations were measured for 6 hours. Methamphetamine and amphetamine in plasma and urine were measured by capillary gas chromatography for 48 hours. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Results Compared with methamphetamine alone, the combination increased heart rate but decreased systolic blood pressure. The net cardiovascular effect was an increase in rate pressure product, an index of cardiac work and myocardial oxygen consumption. The combination diminished the subjective effects of ethanol while not affecting the subjective effects of methamphetamine. Methamphetamine pharmacokinetics were not altered by the concurrent administration of ethanol, with the exception of lowering the apparent volume of distribution at steady state for methamphetamine. Conclusions As a potent sympathomimetic drug with α-agonist-like effects, methamphetamine increased systolic blood pressure, with minimal change in heart rate. The concurrent administration of methamphetamine and ethanol increased cardiac work, which could produce more adverse cardiovascular effects than either drug taken alone. The increased perceived global intoxication may explain the popularity of this drug combination. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1995) 57, 559–568; doi:
Pulmonary injury associated with appendicitis in pregnancy : who is at risk ?

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to determine risk factors for pulmonary injury in women with antepartum appendicitis. Study Design: This case-control study included 49 patients with appendicitis during pregnancy. Patients who had pulmonary injury composed the study group ( n = 9); the control subjects had no injury ( n = 40). Records were abstracted for gestational age at surgery, type of anesthesia, presenting symptoms, findings on physical examination, vital signs, laboratory test results, use of tocolytics or antibiotics, and fluid management. Pulmonary injury was characterized by dyspnea, tachypnea, PaO 2 ≤ 70 mm Hg, and an abnormality on chest radiography. Results: Pulmonary injury developed in nine study patients (18%) (adult respiratory distress syndrome, n = 2; pulmonary edema or infiltrates, n = 7) as a complication of appendicitis during pregnancy. All study group patients were at>20 weeks' gestation compared with 27 of 40 (67%) control subjects ( p = 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that fluid overload ≥ 4 L, maximum respiratory rate>24 breaths/min, maximum heart rate>110 beats/min, maximum temperature ≥ 100.4° F, general anesthesia, and tocolytic use were significant ( p 24 breaths/min, maximum temperature ≥ 100.4° F, and tocolytic usage would predict 99% of injury cases. Conclusions: latrogenic factors such as injudicious fluid management and tocolytic use can greatly increase the risk for pulmonary injury with antepartum appendicitis.
Central America: A Few Steps Backward, a Few Steps Forward

As McDonald's plants its golden arches in Managua next to one of President Alemain's new traffic circles, it seems a good time to reassess the meaning of the Central American revolutions. Out of the ashes of the wars that killed hundreds of thousands and displaced millions more, new banks and shopping centers and hotels are sprouting up, alongside the fire-eaters and windshield-swabbing children at stop lights and the other visible signs of worsening poverty. The razzle-dazzle of electoral politics is replacing the rattle of the machine gun. The convenient shorthand label "postconflict" Central America needs to be replaced by a more nuanced analysis of the new dimensions of conflict beyond the armed struggle for state power that dominated the long decade from the late 1970s through the early 1990s.
Reading skills of hearing and congenitally deaf children.

Abstract The present study examined the nature of reading skills in congenitally deaf and hearing children 7–19 years of age. Deaf children were drawn from oralist and total communication programs. A visual detection task was designed to assess the extent of phonological coding and chunking used in reading a story of various degrees of syntactic, semantic, and orthographic complexity. The results provide evidence that (1) like hearing children, deaf children tend to use orthographic regularities in their reading: (2) there is no relation in the deaf child's performance between sensitivity to orthographic regularities and the type of communication method used in training; and (3) hearing and deaf readers use qualitatively similar psycholinguistic strategies in their processing of a story.
Selective release of multiple DNA oligonucleotides from gold nanorods.

Combination therapy, or the use of multiple drugs, has been proven to be effective for complex diseases, but the differences in chemical properties and pharmacokinetics can be challenging in terms of the loading, delivering, and releasing multiple drugs. Here we demonstrate that we can load and selectively release two different DNA oligonucleotides from two different gold nanorods. DNA was loaded on the nanorods via thiol conjugation. Selective releases were induced by selective melting of gold nanorods via ultrafast laser irradiation at the nanorods’ longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peaks. Excitation at one wavelength could selectively melt one type of gold nanorods and selectively release one type of DNA strand. Releases were efficient (50−80%) and externally tunable by laser fluence. Released oligonucleotides were still functional. This proof of concept is potentially a powerful method for multiple-drug delivery strategies.
HANDEDNESS AND SPEED OF HAND MOVEMENTS IN RELATION TO COGNITIVE AND NEUROLOGICAL STATUS AT 6 YEARS

The establishment of handedness in the pre-school years is believed to be a reflection of lateralization so that children who have not established handedness by school age are thought to have a less mature nervous system. Handedness and speed of executing hand movements were examined in relation to cognitive and neurological outcome in 68 LBW children who were part of a longitudinal follow-up. Five (7%) of the children demonstrated no hand preference and another five (7%) had mixed hand and foot preference. No significant difference in IQ was found between children with no clear hand preference and those with established handedness. However, those with no hand preference had significantly lower scores on measures of reading and visual-motor integration. Secondly, children who had not established handedness were significantly slower in executing hand movements with their left hand as compared to the speed in the non-dominant hand of children with established handedness. The former group was also slower in speed with their right hand as compared to the speed in the dominant hand of the lateralized children. Children who showed mixed lateralization were indistinguishable from the fully lateralized group. In the entire group, speed in both the dominant and non-dominant hands was related to reading and visual-motor integration but not to IQ. Both the establishment of handedness and speed of executing hand movements appear to reflect competence in neurodevelopmental functioning and may be predictive of performance on school related tasks.
MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND STABILITY OF THE CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX OF POLY(2-VINYLPYRIDINE) AND 1,4-BENZOQUINONE

Abstract The interaction between monodisperse poly(2-vinylpyridine) ( M w -M n = 1.1–1.5 ) and 1,4-benzoquinone was examined in aqueous alcohols. The presence of charge transfer interactions was examined spectrophotometrically by Benesi-Hildebrand plots. It was found that a negative molecular weight effect does exist whereby the level of interaction between poly(2-vinylpyridine) and benzoquinone decreases with increasing molecular weight. However, considerable time is required for the interaction to achieve equilibrium, with the kinetics of ‘complexation’ varying with the molecular weight of the polymer. An extensive spectroscopic investigation of the phenomenon confirms, however, that benzoquinone reacts over time with alcohols to form primarily 1,4-hydroquinone. Our results show that the molecular complex formed in these systems is probably due to the well documented quinhydrone complex between 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone.
Regression data processing methods for parallel zero- and first-order processes applied to lactate dehydrogenase subunit determinations

Abstract Multipoint data-processing methods developed for parallel zero-order and first-order processes have been evaluated for the simultaneous determination of the heart and muscle subunits of lactate dehydrogenase. Conditions are adjusted such that pyruvate inhibition of heart and muscle subunits of the enzyme follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with apparent rate constants of k H ⋍ 0.7 s -1 and k M ⋍ 1.4 s -1 for the heart and muscle subunits, respectively. The influence of these first-order inhibition processes on the zero-order catalytic reaction is used to determine the two subunits in single- and two-component samples. Stopped-flow mixing is used and 250 data points collected during the early part of the reaction are fitted to four different mathematical models for the parallel process in order to determine initial velocity components resulting from each subunit present, and these velocity components are related to enzyme concentration. Enzymes in synthetic samples are determined in the 0–80 nmol l -1 range with uncertainties of about 1 nmol l -1 for single- and two-component samples prepared from purified preparations for the enzymes.
Group incentive compatibility in a market with indivisible goods

Abstract In a market where each trader has one unit of an indivisible good, there are procedures for exchanging goods which result in competitive allocations. One of these procedures, the top trading cycle, has the property that it is in each trader's best interest to report his true preferences over the set of goods. This note shows that no subset of traders can misrepresent their preferences and improve the allocation for all members of the subset. Additionally, if there are no indifferences in the preferences, then some traders in a subset that misrepresents preferences do worse.
Amplitude modulation on frequency-locked-extended-cavity diode lasers

The increase low-frequency amplitude noise on several extended cavity diode lasers was measured when frequency of phase lock servos were applied using the injection current as the feedback channel. The AM noise increase inside the FM servo bandwidth is approximately that expected from the suppression of frequency noise uncorrelated with the inherent amplitude noise of the laser.
Prediction of preeclampsia utilizing the first trimester screening examination.

Objective To derive a prediction rule for preeclampsia and early onset preeclampsia requiring delivery Study Design Prospective cohort study of women enrolled at first trimester screening. Maternal history, demographics, anthropometry, ultrasound parameters, and serum analytes were compared between women with preeclampsia and normal outcome. The prediction rule was derived by Lasso logistic regression analysis. Results In 2441 women, 108 (4.4%) women developed preeclampsia, and 18 (0.7%) early preeclampsia. Nulliparity, prior hypertension, diabetes, prior preeclampsia, mean arterial pressure, and the log pregnancy-associate pregnancy protein-A multiples of the median were primary risk factors. Prediction rules for preeclampsia/early preeclampsia had an area under the curve of 0.82/0.83 respectively. Preeclampsia was predicted with 49% sensitivity and early preeclampsia with 55% sensitivity for a 10% false positive rate. Conclusion First trimester prediction rules using parameters currently available at first trimester screening identify a significant proportion of women with subsequent preeclampsia.
Rapid Separation and Genotypic Variability of Barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes

Abstract Two lipoxygenase (LOX) activities in a crude extract of germinated barley were readily resolved by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on a Mono Q HR 5/5 anion-exchange column. Separation was achieved in 25 min, and recovery of activity was consistently greater than 90%. The two LOX activities were identified as LOX-1 and LOX-2 by isoelectric focusing and by comparison with the chromatographic properties of purified LOX-1 and LOX-2. The activities of the two isoenzymes and total LOX activity varied significantly among the cultivars, although the ratio of LOX-1/LOX-2 was fairly constant. Significant variation in LOX activity between cultivars suggests that the LOX activity in malting barley cultivars might be reduced through breeding. The established separation procedure may be useful for screening barley lines for LOX-null-allele mutations, and may enhance the prospect of mapping genes that affect LOX activity or levels.
Hardships and Interpersonal Relationships among Asian-Americans with Same-Sex Partners

This study takes a first-ever look at how hardship variables (i.e., rape, robbery, murder, loss/separation of family, loss of income, serious illness, refugee camps, war trauma) are related to family/relationship issues faced by Asian-Americans with same-sex partners. Data were analyzed from 163 Asian-American respondents from 10 Asian ethnic backgrounds who self-identified as having same-sex partners. Regression results indicated that age of the respondents and the number of household members can predict family/relationship issues, but that hardship variables do not seem to have a significant predicting power for the respondents' interpersonal issues.
Muslim minorities: theory and experience of Muslim interaction in non‐Muslim societies

The Constitution of India gives Muslims, the right and opportunity to try to change anything in the national constitution or national life which appears to them to he in conflict with Islamic values and to advocate the recognition and adoption of more Islamic values. But their effort in this direction can only he effective if they speak to the Indian nation not in religious, hut in secular language and argue their case for the reforms which they think are necessary, not on the basis of religious authority and tradition, but on that of observation, experience and reason. S. Abid Hussain. It is almost impossible to be a Muslim without either living in an Islamic state or being engaged in a struggle lo establish an Islamic state. Kalim Siddiqui.
The effects of cytochrome P-450-448 inhibitors on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene and derivatives to DNA upon microsomal activation.

1. [3H]Benzo(a)pyrene and 6-substituted derivatives of [3H]benzo(a)pyrene are covalently bound to calf thymus DNA upon reaction with microsomal preparations from rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene in the presence of NADPH. Two different types of cytochrome P-450-448 inhibitors, α-napthoflavone and 1-benzylimidazole, show greater than 80% inhibition of the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to DNA.2. In the presence of these inhibitors, 6-hydroxymethylbenzo(a)pyrene, 6-methylbenzo(a)pyrene and 6-formylbenzo(a)pyrene show varying degrees of inhibition of binding to DNA depending upon the inhibitor employed.3. Polyguanylic acid is the most effective substrate for the binding of each activated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon; polyadenylic acid and DNA show essentially equivalent binding.
Management of frontal sinus fractures

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes the contemporary management of frontal sinus fractures.Recent findingsRecent additions to the armamentarium of the facial trauma surgeon include bioresorbable plates and screws, and attempts to use endoscopic techniques when feasible.SummaryThe basic principle
We're mad as hell and we're not going to take it anymore : Anger self-stereotyping and collective action

What can motivate members of disadvantaged groups to take action on behalf of their group? This research assessed a model in which measured perceptions of (study 1) and manipulated information about (study 2) other women’s anger influenced female participants’ group-based anger, their subsequent appraisals of instances of possible discrimination, and finally their collective action tendencies. Consistent with Intergroup Emotions Theory, the results suggested that emotional self-stereotyping is one mechanism by which group members can become motivated to respond to possible discrimination, a process supported by group-based anger-driven appraisals about specific discrimination events.
Lexical triggers and latent semantic analysis for cross-lingual language model adaptation

In-domain texts for estimating statistical language models are not easily found for most languages of the world. We present two techniques to take advantage of in-domain text resources in other languages. First, we extend the notion of lexical triggers, which have been used monolingually for language model adaptation, to the cross-lingual problem, permitting the construction of sharper language models for a target-language document by drawing statistics from related documents in a resource-rich language. Next, we show that cross-lingual latent semantic analysis is similarly capable of extracting useful statistics for language modeling. Neither technique requires explicit translation capabilities between the two languages! We demonstrate significant reductions in both perplexity and word error rate on a Mandarin speech recognition task by using these techniques.
Is there a role for decompressive craniectomy in children after stroke

s in trauma, cerebral edema after a large ischemic stroke can lead to increased intracranial pressure and herniaA tion, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The authors reported on 3 children from a single-institution stroke registry over a 5-year period who underwent a decompressive hemicraniectomy (DCH) for life-threatening cerebral edema due to cerebral infarction. All 3 children survived and were ambulatory at the time of follow-up >2 years from the time of the DCH. This article highlights the current state of knowledge and understanding of the use of DCH as a treatment option in pediatric patients with medically refractory intracranial pressures due to stroke.
Returns to College Education: An Analysis of Hispanic Workers

This article investigates the college versus noncollege wage gap between Hispanic and White workers from 1994 to 2001. The earnings gap has been greater for Hispanic workers than for White workers during all years surveyed. The patterns of college versus noncollege earnings gaps show that Hispanic workers without a college education are going through a difficult period and also that their disadvantageous economic position will not improve in the near future.
Field application of moment-based wavefront sensing to in-situ alignment and image quality assessment of astronomical spectrographs: results and analysis of aligning VIRUS unit spectrographs

Teague introduced a phase retrieval method that uses the image shape moments. More recently, an independent study arrived at a similar technique, which was then applied to in-situ full-field image-quality evaluation of spectroscopic systems. This moment-based wavefront sensing (MWFS) method relies on the geometric relation between the image shape moments and the geometric wavefront modal coefficients. The MWFS method allows a non-iterative determination of the modal coefficients from focus-modulated images at arbitrary spatial resolutions. The determination of image moments is a direct extension of routine centroid and image size calculation, making its implementation easy. Previous studies showed that the MWFS works well in capturing large low-order modes, and is quite suitable for in-situ alignment diagnostics. At the Astronomical Instrumentation conference in 2012, we presented initial results of the application of the moment-based wavefront sensing to a fiber-fed astronomical spectrograph, called VIRUS (a set of replicated 150 identical integral-field unit spectrographs contained in 75 unit pairs). This initial result shows that the MWFS can provide accurate full-field image-quality assessment for efficiently aligning these 150 spectrographs. Since then, we have assembled more than 24 unit pairs using this technique. In this paper, we detail the technical update/progress made so far for the moment-based wavefront sensing method and the statistical estimates of the before/after alignment aberrations, image-quality, and various efficiency indicators of the unit spectrograph alignment process.
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma to Urinary Bladder A Potential Pitfall for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma

We present a case of a 61-year-old female presenting with a bladder tumor that occurred 7 years after her previous diagnosis of Clark’s level III mid-back melanoma. The bladder tumor was submitted to histopathology without accompanying clinical history, and an initial diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma was rendered based on epithelioid and sarcomatoid appearing pleomorphic histopathology. We present this case to highlight the diagnostic challenge presented by the rare occurrence of metastatic melanoma to the urinary bladder and the potential pitfall of this lesion being diagnosed as high-grade urothelial carcinoma in the presence of limited clinical history.
Effect of dietary protein and selected antioxidants on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome induced in Japanese quail.

Abstract The effects of CP and antioxidants on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in Japanese quail hens were studied. In Experiment 1, four treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial; dietary CP (18 or 24%) and reduced glutathione (GSH, 0 or 120 mg/kg diet) were the major variables, but cysteine and other amino acids were higher in the 24% CP diets. Negative control (NC1) and positive control (PC1) diets were also evaluated. In Experiment 2, the effects of vitamin E (VE) and GSH were evaluated in the presence and absence of adequate dietary sulfur amino acids. Negative control (NC2) and positive control (PC2) diets were used. In both experiments, liver hemorrhage was most severe in quail fed the diets that were formulated to induce hepatic steatosis and limit oxidant defense capability. Liver hemorrhage was least severe in quail fed the diets that were formulated to minimize liver lipid accumulation and support oxidant defenses. Histological evaluation of affected quail livers showed changes consistent with FLHS in chicken hens. In Experiment 1, neither CP concentration nor GSH supplementation influenced liver hemorrhage. In Experiment 2, liver hemorrhagic score was reduced from 3.8 to 2.7 (P ≤ .05) by adding VE to the basal diet The PC2 diet further depressed liver score to only 2.0 (P ≤ .05). The data clearly show that Japanese quail are susceptible to FLHS and indicate that a combination of lipotropic and antioxidant nutrients is protective against hemorrhage, even when lipogenic demands are maximized by feeding diets devoid of added fat.
Tracing Groundwater Flow on a Barrier Island in the North-east Gulf of Mexico

Groundwater flow on St. George Island, a barrier island in the north-east Gulf of Mexico, was monitored downfield from wastewater systems using artificial tracer techniques. Sulphur hexafluoride and fluorescein dye were used to determine groundwater flow velocity, hydraulic conductivity, and dispersivity at selected sites on the island. Monthly hydraulic head measurements illustrate the aquifer’s dependence on recharge associated with rainfall. However, during periods of little rain, tidal stage also influences the direction and magnitude of groundwater flow within approximately 30 m of the waters edge. Estimated hydraulic conductivities ranged from 3 to 180 m day 1 , with an overall estimate of 36 m day 1 . Groundwater tracers showed very little dilution and calculated longitudinal dispersivities were approximately 0·1 to 0·5 m, which is in the same range as previous studies of sandy aquifers. The total groundwater flux into adjacent Apalachicola Bay was also evaluated using two independent techniques. Darcy’s law was applied using an estimated cross sectional area and the experimental horizontal transport rates to estimate the volumetric flow. In addition, a simple water balance calculation was used, which accounted for all known sources and sinks of water to the aquifer. The two independent approaches agreed very well, with an estimated groundwater flux from the surficial aquifer to Apalachicola Bay between 1–910 6 m 3 year 1 . 2000 Academic Press
Acute encephalopathy as the initial manifestation of CADASIL

A 29-year-old right-handed G1P1 Caucasian woman presented with acute bifrontal headache (which resolved within 1 day), confusion, and difficulty using her right hand on postpartum day 10. She did not report nausea, vomiting, or visual complaints. The patient was previously healthy except for her recent preeclampsia, which required emergent cesarean section. On examination, the patient was afebrile, awake, alert, and apathetic. She was able to follow few one-step midline commands (e.g., eye opening and closing) inconsistently but not appendicular commands. Her neurologic deficits were remarkable for expressive aphasia, intermittent receptive aphasia, and hyperreflexia with bilateral extensor plantar responses. No meningismus or other focal neurologic deficits were present. Routine laboratory testing including urine toxicology screen was normal. C-reactive protein was 23 mg/L (reference range: <5 mg/L), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 38 mm/h (reference range: 0–20 mm/h). Rheumatologic panel was negative. Brain MRI showed extensive non-contrast-enhancing T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities involving periventricular and deep white matter, especially the centrum semiovale, corpus callosum, bilateral anterior temporal lobes, bilateral caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus (figure, A–C). No evidence of acute or previous stroke was found. CT angiogram and venogram revealed no cerebral sinus thrombosis or large vessel vasculitis. Lumbar puncture opening pressure was 18.5 cm H2O. CSF showed normal cell counts, protein, and glucose levels without oligoclonal bands. EEG recorded in awake, drowsy, and sleep state was normal. Dilated ophthalmic examination showed no microangiopathy or retinal branch arterial occlusion. Audiologic examination was normal.
Annealing Studies on Low Energy As+ and As2 + Implants

2 keV to 10 keV arsenic, As+, and arsenic dimer ions, As 2 +, were implanted into silicon at a dose of le15 cm-2 and 3e 15 cm-2 at 0° and 7°' tilt angles. For bare wafers, a low concentration of oxygen is required to provide sufficient capping during anneal to minimize out-diffusion. In the presence of oxygen, enhanced diffusion occurs during the anneal, the extent of which is a function of the concentration of oxygen and the temperature of anneal. The oxidation enhanced diffusion (OED) is significant at anneal temperatures above 1050°C. The extent of OED is observed to be more significant for the samples with lower energy As+ implants. An alternative technique for minimizing OED, without much out-diffusion, is the use of higher energy, 5 keV implants through a screen oxide. For identical anneal conditions, 5 keV As+ implants through a 40 A screen oxide offer junction depth and sheet resistance values equivalent to that of 2 keV implants into bare silicon. As the screen oxide is sufficient to cap the out-diffusion of dopants, a nitrogen ambient or a lower temperature could be employed to get shallower junctions without much degradation in the sheet resistance. Further reduction in junction depths can be achieved by using the As 2 + implants.
Estimation of extreme wave heights using GEOSAT measurements

Satellite technology has yielded a large database of global ocean wave heights which may be used for engineering applications. However, the sampling protocol used by the satellite leads to some difficulties in making use of these data for practical applications. These difficulties and techniques to estimate extreme wave heights using satellite measurements are discussed. Significant wave heights for a 50-year return period are estimated using GEOSAT measurements for several regions around North America. Techniques described here may be used for estimation of wave heights associated with any specified return interval in regions where buoy data are not readily available.
Temporary threshold shifts in auditory sensitivity produced by the combined effects of noise and sodium salicylate

Monaural chinchillas trained in behavioral audiometry, were used to test the hypothesis that the combined effects of noise and sodium salicylate intoxication produce a larger loss of hearing sensitivity or temporary threshold shift (TTS) than either agent alone can produce. The hypothesis was confirmed in that, while the TTS due to broad-band noise exposure of 85-dB intensity was 35 dB on the average, and the TTS, due to prolonged serum salicylate levels of approximately 20-40 mg%, was 33 dB on the average, the combination of noise and salicylate exposure produced a TTS of 55 dB on the average.
A method for determination of iododeoxyuridine substitution of thymidine using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

An assay for thymidine substitution by iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. Three principal steps in this procedure are: extraction of DNA from cell or tissues, hydrolysis of DNA into deoxynucleosides and separation using HPLC. Approximately 1 microgram of DNA was recovered from 10(5) cells by phenol extraction, and subjected to hydrolysis into deoxynucleosides which required a three-stage DNA digestion using enzymes DNAse I. phosphodiesterase I and alkaline phosphatase. The deoxynucleosides were separated on the Microsorb C18 column with isocratic elution; 90-100% of the DNA was recovered as deoxynucleosides on the column. The method was used to determine quantitatively the percent IdUrd substitution of thymidine in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro and BA1112 rhabdomyosarcoma in WAG/Rij rats perfused with IdUrd. It was possible to determine the thymidine substitution by IdUrd as small as 1% using a few micrograms of DNA. The close correspondence between the percent substitutions determined by HPLC and those determined by radioactive assay using [125I]-labelled IdUrd, confirmed the accuracy of our HPLC method. The HPLC analysis is especially suitable for the determination of percent IdUrd substitution of thymidine in tissue biopsies from animals used in in vivo experiments or humans undergoing radiation treatment.
Corrective Experiences in Everyday Life: A Qualitative Investigation of Transformative Change

Based on a transtheoretical definition of corrective experience (CE), the authors interviewed 25 adults who could identify a pivotal event or relationship they had experienced, at any point in their lifetime, as positively transformative. The narratives show that the CEs described by participants often had a negative precipitant or took place during a life transition. CEs involving other people tended to occur when an important relationship ended or was reflected upon in retrospect. Many participants had a new cognitive understanding while the CE was occurring as well as long afterward. Interestingly, the life-changing consequences of the CEs were similar to desired outcomes in psychotherapy: positive outlook, changed relationships, self-affirmation, and determination. Notably, the few individuals who had discussed the circumstances surrounding their specific CE with a therapist reported the importance of common change factors (support, validation, emotional release). Results are examined for their theore...
Managing Information Resources in Libraries: Collection Management in Theory and Practice

Managing Information Resources in Libraries was written by two recognized and widely published library science faculty members. Peter Clayton is Associate Professor in Information Management and Pr...