cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energetics of retro‐Diels–Alder fragmentation in limonene as characterized by surface‐induced dissociation, and energy‐ and angle‐resolved mass spectrometry

Ionized limonene and related isomeric compounds have been examined by collisional activation at both gaseous and solid targets. The gas-phase collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments were performed as a function of collision energy and scattering angle and the surface-induced dissociation (SID) experiments as a function of collision energy, in order to vary systematically the internal energy deposited in the molecular ion. The virtual absence of retro-Diels–Alder (RDA) fragmentation upon conventional CID, as compared to its importance in the electron impact (EI) mass spectrum, the subject of a study by Boyd and coworkers, was confirmed. However, as the ion internal energy was increased by raising the collision energy or the scattering angle, RDA fragmentation was observed and it became a dominant mode of fragmentation for SID at collision energies in the range of 25–50 eV. The energy deposited into the colliding ion in the SID technique is compared with that deposited upon CID in the eV and keV energy ranges and upon EI. The order obtained is: SID > EI > low-energy, multiple-collision CID > high-energy, single-collision CID > low-energy, single-collision CID. The distribution of energies in SID is narrower than in the other techniques. High internal energies are accessible by increasing the scattering angle in CID; however, this is accompanied by an increase in the width of the internal energy distribution, and it is therefore not possible to channel fragmentation predominantly into RDA by this method. It is concluded that RDA fragmentation of limonene is a high-energy process and that this is the explanation for its behavior. Isomerization, occurring through 1,3-hydrogen migrations of the molecular ions of limonene, isolimonene, terpinolene and α-terpinene, was investigated and long-lived molecular ions of the first three compounds were found to maintain distinct structures.
Fully electronic method for quantifying the post-release gap-height uncertainty of capacitive RF MEMS switches

In this paper we present an electronic method for extracting the post-release gap-height uncertainty of RF MEMS switches. The heart of the method is based on accurately measuring the capacitance difference between the switch on and off states. After presenting the methodology we compare its results to optical images of fabricated MEMS switches and observe a close agreement. This methodology is very promising in rapidly and accurately measuring the post-release gap-height of MEMS switches at the wafer scale. It can also be used to continually monitor the gap height through the switch's lifetime.
Effect of Angle of Attack on the Performance of an Airborne Counterflow Virtual Impactor

A three-dimensional model has been developed within the framework of the commercial computational fluid dynamics program, FLUENT®, to investigate the collection efficiency of an airborne counterflow virtual impactor (CVI). The model assumes steady-state, isothermal, compressible, and turbulent flow. Particle trajectories are computed based on the Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM). In addition to predicting the effects of flight velocity and counterflow rate on the particle collection efficiency, as do prior models, the model quantifies the effect of flight attack angle on the particle collection efficiency. With an angle of attack as small as 5°, the CVI collection efficiency drastically degrades at large particle sizes, and only particles with intermediate sizes are collected. Smaller particles do not have sufficient inertia to fight the counterflow, and larger particles tend to impact the CVI inner walls and are lost to the CVI walls. The modeling results show that the alignment between the free stream flow and the CVI inlet is critical to the performance of the CVI.
Contribution of Nitric Oxide to Reactive Hyperemia: Impact of Endothelial Dysfunction

Abstract—Our objectives were to (1) test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to peak reactive hyperemia (RH) in the human peripheral vasculature, (2) examine the impact of atheroscler...
A Decision-Theoretic Planner with Dynamic Component Reconfiguration for Distributed Real-Time Applications

Distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems perform sequences of coordination and heterogeneous data manipulation tasks in dynamic environments to meet specified goals. Autonomous operation of DRE systems can benefit from the integrated operation of (1) a decision-theoretic spreading activation partial order planner (SA-POP) that combines task planning and scheduling in uncertain environments with (2) a resource allocation and control engine (RACE) middleware framework that integrates multiple resource management algorithms for (re)deploying and (re)configuring task sequence components in these systems. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of SA-POP and RACE in managing and executing mission goals for a multisatellite application. Our results show that combining planning, scheduling and resource constraints dynamically is the key to implementing autonomy in DRE systems
AHPSVER: A web-based system for hydrologic forecast verification

Hydrologic forecast verification is a complicated endeavor due to the size and multi-dimensionality of the data sets involved. Finding an effective way to examine and interpret these data sets in ways that are meaningful to forecasters and forecast users is a central challenge in determining how good the forecasts are. We have developed the (AHPSVER) system to address these issues. The AHPSVER system consists of two components. The first is a comprehensive archive of verification data. The second component is a fully dynamic, relational database back-ended website that allows users to view the verification data in individual, customized ways. The system uses a maps- and forms-based interface to make interaction with users easy. The system outputs several types of graphs complemented with context-sensitive help. These graphs are pre-computed when possible (saving time and computation resources) and otherwise generated by the system on demand. These allow geographically diverse users to conduct individual, customized, and interactive analyses of the forecast verification data set.
Thrombospondin 1 requires von Willebrand factor to modulate arterial thrombosis in mice

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) has been suggested as a counter receptor to platelet glycoprotein Ibα that supports initial platelet adhesion in absence of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Conversely, several other studies have shown that TSP1 interacts with VWF and may play a mechanistic role in modulating
A conservative and variation preserving finite volume method for non-overlapping meshes of reaction and diffusion in angiogenesis

We propose a conservative and variation preserving finite volume method for reaction and diffusion in angiogenesis. The reaction domain keeps changing the morphology and length, and its mesh is non-uniform and does not overlap with the diffusion mesh. These facts make it very challenging to develop a numerical method that conserves the mass when transferring data between the reaction and diffusion domains. We prove the method developed in this work not only conserves the mass locally but also retains the variation in the reaction domain. In contrast, the direct interpolation may smear out the reaction data in the data transfer process. This method is applied to the growth factor reaction and diffusion problems in angiogenesis. Reaction and diffusion of growth factors in angiogenesis.Reaction and the diffusion meshes are non-overlapping.Conservative and reaction-variation preserving finite volume method.Handle non-uniform discretization and arbitrary shaped reaction domains.
SOFC Ohmic Resistance Reduction by HCl-Induced Removal of Manganese at the Anode/Electrolyte Interface

The ohmic resistance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells having a manganese-based cathode was lowered when operated in synthetic coal gas containing hydrogen chloride. This effect was not observed for cells with cathodes that did not contain manganese. Substantial amounts of Mn were found throughout the grain boundaries of the 8 mole% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte. Exposure to HCl partially removed Mn near the anode/electrolyte interface, presumably by volatilization as MnCl2(g). This work suggests that one of the underlying causes of higher than expected electrolyte resistance in anode-supported SOFCs is a lowering of the ionic conductivity of 8YSZ by incorporation of manganese.
Absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be simultaneously reconstructed by use of dc data

We present a carefully designed phantom experimental study aimed to provide solid evidence that both absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be reconstructed independently from dc data. We also study the important absorption-scattering cross-talk issue. In this regard, we develop a simple normalizing scheme that is incorporated into our nonlinear finite-element-based reconstruction algorithm. Our results from the controlled phantom experiments show that the cross talk of an absorption object appearing in scattering images can be eliminated and that the cross talk of a scattering object appearing in absorption images can be reduced considerably. In addition, these carefully designed phantom experiments clearly suggest that both absorption and scattering images can be simultaneously recovered and quantitatively separated in highly scattering media by use of dc measurements. Finally, we discuss our results in light of recent theoretical findings on nonuniqueness for dc image reconstruction.
Aortoenteric fistula due to endoleak coil embolization after endovascular AAA repair.

Purpose:To report a late complication associated with embolization coils used to treat an endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.Case Report:A 79-year-old man with a 5.8-cm AAA underwent endovascular repair with an Ancure graft in 1997. A persistent type I endoleak was identified on serial postoperative computed tomographic scans. Three transarterial coil embolization procedures were performed to treat an endoleak from the proximal and right distal attachment sites with outflow by the inferior mesenteric and lumbar arteries. Coil embolization was ultimately successful in sealing the endoleak, and the AAA decreased in size. Four years later, the patient developed an aortoenteric fistula due to erosion of the metallic embolization coils into the duodenum. The endograft was explanted and an extra-anatomical bypass inserted.Conclusions:Coil embolization to treat endoleaks can, on rare occasions, be the cause of aortoenteric fistula. Lifelong follow-up of stent-graft patients is req...
Is premedication for intubation of preterm infants the right choice

The question of premedicating neonates before intubation has been actively debated in neonatology over the past 20 years, and neonatologists’ views on this matter are gradually changing. A 1992 survey of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in the US found that only 3% routinely used sedatives before intubation and 97% never or rarely used a muscle relaxant.1 In contrast, a similar survey conducted in 2006 found that 44% of NICUs routinely used premedication and 25% routinely used muscle relaxants.2 Although the use of premedication is on the rise, and the American Academy of Pediatrics recently recommended premedication for nonemergent neonatal intubation, it still is not the standard of care in many NICUs.3,4 In addition, many neonatologists hesitate to use premedication during the intubation of preterm infants. Reasons for this hesitation may include fear of adverse effects on the infant’s hemodynamic status or neurodevelopment, perceived lack of benefit in improving the intubation, and lack of consensus regarding the optimal drug regimen.
Super-Resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation via Blind Signal Separation Methods

In this paper, we present a novel high-resolution DOA estimation method based on second-order blind signal separation (BSS) techniques. In this approach, unlike other high-resolution methods such as MUSIC, finding DOA's doesn't involve searching for peak values in the estimated spectrum. Furthermore, in this algorithm, considering a uniform linear array (ULA), the angular distance between two sources is multiplied by L - 1: L is the number of antenna elements in the array. Therefore, the proposed algorithm exhibits excellent resolution property compared to other techniques. Moreover, BSS techniques enable this approach to carry out source association along with DOA estimation. Here, we introduce the proposed algorithm and define the corresponding probability of resolution (PR). Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the presented approach in comparison with the existing methods such as MUSIC.
Block thresholding for density estimation: local and global adaptivity

We consider wavelet block thresholding method for density estimation. A block-thresholded density estimator is proposed and is shown to achieve optimal global rate of convergence over Besov spaces and simultaneously attain the optimal adaptive pointwise convergence rate as well. These results are obtained in part through the determination of an optimal block length.
“I felt a kind of pleasure in seeing them treat us brutally.” The Emergence of the Political Prisoner, 1865–1910

The political prisoner is a figure taken for granted in historical discourse, with the term being used broadly to describe any individual held in captivity for oppositional activities. This article argues for understanding the political prisoner, for whom prison becomes a vehicle of politics, as the product of modern states and political movements. The earlier practices of the “imprisoned political,” for whom prison was primarily an obstacle to politics, gave way to prisoners who used the category creatively against the regimes that imprisoned them. Using the cases of Polish socialists in the Russian Empire, Fenians in Ireland, suffragettes in Britain, and satyagrahi in British South Africa, this article explains how both regimes and their prisoners developed common practices and discourses around political incarceration in the years 1865–1910.
Peripheral elevation of TNF-α leads to early synaptic abnormalities in the mouse somatosensory cortex in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Sensory abnormalities such as numbness and paresthesias are often the earliest symptoms in neuroinflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis. The increased production of various cytokines occurs in the early stages of neuroinflammation and could have detrimental effects on the central nervous system, thereby contributing to sensory and cognitive deficits. However, it remains unknown whether and when elevation of cytokines causes changes in brain structure and function under inflammatory conditions. To address this question, we used a mouse model for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to examine the effect of inflammation and cytokine elevation on synaptic connections in the primary somatosensory cortex. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy, we found that the elimination and formation rates of dendritic spines and axonal boutons increased within 7 d of EAE induction—several days before the onset of paralysis—and continued to rise during the course of the disease. This synaptic instability occurred before T-cell infiltration and microglial activation in the central nervous system and was in conjunction with peripheral, but not central, production of TNF-α. Peripheral administration of a soluble TNF inhibitor prevented abnormal turnover of dendritic spines and axonal boutons in presymptomatic EAE mice. These findings indicate that peripheral production of TNF-α is a key mediator of synaptic instability in the primary somatosensory cortex and may contribute to sensory and cognitive deficits seen in autoimmune diseases.
Liquid state theory of the structure and phase behaviour of polymer-tethered nanoparticles in dense suspensions, melts and nanocomposites

We have studied the structure and phase behaviour of spherical nanoparticles grafted with a modest number of polymer tethers in the dense suspension and pure melt states, and dissolved in a homopolymer matrix, using the polymer reference interaction site model integral equation theory. In the absence of a polymer matrix, fluids of tethered nanoparticles exhibit strong concentration fluctuations indicative of aggregate formation and/or a tendency for microphase separation as the total packing fraction and/or nanoparticle attraction strength increase. For nanoparticles of core diameter twice that of the monomer, carrying one, two and four tethers, the microphase spinodal temperature grows roughly as a power-law function of packing fraction. As the number of polymer tethers increases, the microphase spinodal curve shifts to lower temperatures due to steric shielding of the nanoparticle core. In the presence of a homopolymer matrix, the microphase spinodal curve of single-tethered particles exhibits both dilu...
Instruments and Techniques Under Development

We have discussed in detail, analytical, remote, automated, techniques that have performed successfully in flight missions. In this chapter, we will describe a variety of instruments in various stages of development. The principle purpose of these instruments, again, is to supply data for compositional analysis. These devices are under development for various types of missions (manned, unmanned and for surface and orbital explorations). Some have been proposed for lunar exploration, others for planetary studies; some techniques as we will see have obvious applications to both types of missions. The experimental devices involve different degrees of complexity, and consequently some are more optimal than others. The instruments to be described will be considered in groups as follows: 1. those using or measuring electromagnetic radiation (e.g. X-rays, gamma rays, infra-red, etc.), and 2. mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and a combination of both.
What Goes Around, Comes Around: Legal Ironies in an Emergent Doctrine for Preserving Academic Freedom and the University Mission

Freedom, justice and equality - keystone principles in western deliberative democracies - have been nurtured and sustained by the great universities of Europe that developed in tandem with these principles during the Middle Ages. The American university model is progeny of those universities, just as our legal system, is heir to European successes in instituting those principles. The foundational concept of the university is, of course, its mission to expand knowledge and understanding. And that mission, in turn, relies upon academic freedom to bring it to fruition. However, in recent years public universities in the U.S. have faced an increasingly insistent challenge to academic freedom which threatens to encroach upon the University Mission in material ways. The impetus for the challenge comes from no less an august source than the Supreme Court, itself. Ambiguities in a newly-minted religious speech doctrine, created by the Rehnquist Court, have invited lawsuits from the Religious Right. These lawsuits pose a real threat to the academic freedom of academic departments and of professors regarding curricular and course content matters and to the University Mission to expand knowledge and understanding. While the University Mission requires the diversity and pluralism afforded by academic freedom, these lawsuits challenge that very premise, on the grounds of religious speech (using the Court's emergent religious speech doctrine as authority). For its part, the University can point to no Constitutional doctrine in support of academic freedom and the University Mission. Higher education cases that have raised academic freedom issues in the past are long on expansive paeans to academic freedom but short on any express doctrinal counterpoise that would limit the emergent religious speech doctrine's broad and indeterminate reach. After an overview of the historical development of the University Mission as an essential component in the European development of nascent political principles of justice, freedom and equality, this paper will recapitulate the evolution of the Rehnquistian religious speech doctrine and analyze the threat it poses to a free society. The paper closes by demonstrating how the case of Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights (FAIR) v. Rumsfeld which challenges the Constitutionality of the Solomon Amendment, suggests an effective doctrinal defense for academic freedom. The irony is that it was the Religious Right and the Rehnquist Court that, unwittingly to be sure, laid the groundwork for the doctrine's subsequent development.
Technology in Residential Brokerage: Showing Appointment Scheduling Services, Property Prices, and Marketing Times

Showing appointment scheduling services are an increasingly common technology in residential real estate brokerage. While specific features differ across various service providers, the concept is s...
Culturally Responsive Active Citizenship Education for Newcomer Students: A Cross-State Case Study of Two Teachers in Arizona and New York.

This paper examines how two social studies teachers in New York and Arizona engage newcomer youth in active citizenship education. Using a framework of culturally responsive active citizenship education, this article sheds light on how two teachers, in two different social, political, and educational contexts, enact critical citizenship practices and culturally responsive teaching. Findings from this study have the potential to inform how best to support newcomer students’ understanding of and engagement in active citizenship in their local community(ies).
Lasers for lightwave systems

High capacity lightwave systems employing wavelength division, time division, or subcarrier multiplexing techniques require one or more of the following properties of injection laser diodes: spectral purity, wavelength agility, high modulation speed, and the ability to generate picosecond optical pulses.
Collaboration in the presence of cerebral edema: The complications of steroids.

Background: Brain tumor patients often present with neurological changes in the presence of cerebral edema. High-dose dexamethasone is often required for symptom management in brain tumor patients. There are limitations in the foundational research that support the recommendations for appropriate prescribing of dexamethasone. Understanding these limitations can help prescribers and care teams collaborate to better manage this unique patient population as well as identify areas for further research.
A Role for Unstructured Residues in the Induction of Membrane Poration by Pre-Amyloid Assemblies of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

Amyloid diseases represent a diverse class of pathologies associated with unique, aggregation-prone proteins. Although association into fibrous amyloid structure represents the end state of such aggregation, it has been observed that pre-amyloid states of these proteins may act as membrane-active toxins, providing a potential mechanism for pathology. Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), associated with Type II diabetes, has been shown to induce cell toxicity as well as membrane poration in lipid bilayer models. Although several models of membrane-bound human (hIAPP) and non-amyloidogenic rat (rIAPP) variants have been proposed, a detailed structure of the toxic state of IAPP has remained elusive. In order to obtain a better structural and mechanistic understanding of IAPP-induced membrane poration, the extent of membrane association by different sequence regions of rIAPP has been directly compared to the magnitude of membrane poration under matched conditions via modulation of the membrane lipid composition. We find that C-terminal residues previously observed to be unstructured in the membrane bound state are nevertheless required for efficient poration. Our findings support and extend a more lipocentric view of peptide-membrane interactions, based on surface and line tension, previously suggested for membrane-active, microbe-derived peptide toxins.
Pons, Silvio The Global Revolution: A History of International Communism, 1917–1991: Trans. Allan Cameron Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press 365 pp., £30.00, ISBN 978-0-19-965762-9 Publication Date: August 2014

This is an ambitious and stimulating study of international Communism during the lifespan of the USSR. Pons, a professor of contemporary history and director of the Gramsci Foundation in Rome, brin...
High-security communication by coherence modulation at the photon-counting level.

We show that key-specified interferometer path-length difference modulation (often referred to as coherence modulation), operating in the photon-counting regime with a broadband source, can provide a quantifiably high level of physics-guaranteed security for binary signal transmission. Each signal bit is associated with many photocounts, perhaps numbering in the thousands. Of great importance, the presence of an eavesdropper can be quickly detected. We first review the operation of key-specified coherence modulation at high light levels, illustrating by means of an example its lack of security against attack. We then show, using the same example, that, through the reduction of light intensities to photon-counting levels, a high level of security can be attained. A particular attack on the system is analyzed to demonstrate the quantifiability of the scheme’s security, and various remaining research issues are discussed. A potential weakness of the scheme lies in a possible vulnerability to light amplification by an attacker.
Fibro-osseous Lesions of the Frontal Sinus

Osteomas involving the frontal sinus are common though controversy exists as to the appropriate timing for removal
A curious ringlet that shares Prometheus’ orbit but precesses like the F ring

Abstract Images obtained by the Cassini spacecraft of the region just beyond Saturn’s main rings reveal a previously unreported narrow and dusty ringlet that has dynamical connections with both Saturn’s small satellite Prometheus and the F ring. The radial position of this ringlet is observed to vary with time and longitude, indicating that it is eccentric with an eccentricity of 0.0012 and that its mean orbital radius varies between 139,300 km and 139,400 km. These mean radii are consistent with material trapped in a co-orbital 1:1 resonance with Prometheus. However, the apsidal precession rate of this ringlet is not that expected for material close to Prometheus’ orbit (2.76°/day). Instead, the ringlet appears to be precessing at the same rate as the F ring (2.70°/day). This ringlet therefore appears to consist of material co-rotating with Prometheus whose apsidal precession rates have been modified by interactions with F-ring material. This ringlet may therefore provide new insights into how rings can maintain organized eccentric structures over a range of semi-major axes.
Foreword: Viewing Turkey Through an Authoritarian Mist?

As is now well known, “Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the secularist army officer who founded modern Turkey in 1923 sought to sever his land’s ancient bonds to the Middle East”. In the process, Turkey became a “rare example of a major Muslim country that is also a prosperous stable democracy”. Or so we thought. “Today that tradition is under attack as never before. Nearly a century after the Ottoman Empire gave way to today’s Turkish republic, a tectonic shift is under way”. Under the surly and increasingly iron-fisted rule of President Erdogan, Turkey “is drifting away from its historic Western allies” and looking “like just another troubled corner of the Middle East”. Turkey is looking more and more like its Arab neighbors and “becoming infected with the same sicknesses — intolerance, autocracy and repression”. The book, Burning Bridges: Turkey’s Return to Islamic Authoritarianism originated out of a scholarly conference, which took place in Oxford England, during the spring of 2015. The book considers Turkey’s vexed relationship with the United States, Israel, Hamas, Russia and NATO during the past several decades. It offers informed analysis regarding Turkey’s future place in the world and in particular the highly troubling world of the Middle East. Attentive readers will observe that despite its position as a non-Arab state, Turkey has become plagued by one of the Arab world’s most debilitating features: the advent of a culture of grievance that is defined more by what people oppose, than by what they aspire to, thus enabling the region’s autocrats to adroitly channel public frustration toward external “enemies” and away from their own misrule . The Foreword: Viewing Turkey Through an Authoritarian Mist?, attests to the breadth of issues and the crosscurrents that plague any attempt to understand Turkey in our contemporary world.
More than meets the eye: deafness and in/visible disabilities.

At the conclusion of World War I, Arthur Holmes, Supervisor for the Blind and the Deaf at the United States Veterans’ Bureau, wrote, “Blindness … is in almost every case a self-evident disability which appeals strongly to the sympathies of the general public.”[1][1] He contrasted the
Adaptive control for rejection of a sinusoidal disturbance with unknown frequency acting on an unknown system

We present an adaptive harmonic controller that addresses the problem of rejecting a sinusoidal disturbance with unknown frequency that acts on an unknown multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant (LTI) system that is asymptotically stable. For single-input single-output (SISO) systems, we analyze the closed-loop stability and performance of the adaptive controller. We demonstrate the controller on numerical simulations of an acoustic duct.
Revisiting the Issue of Influential Sources in the Integration of Psychology and Theology: More Than a Decade Summary

Building upon the work of Jones, Ripley, Kurusu, and Worthington, Jr. (1998), we identified the most influential books and articles within the integration literature in 1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 20...
Interfused nanofibres network in scalable manufacturing of polymeric fibres via multi-nozzle electrospinning

The authors have studied the formation of an interfused network of nanofibres in multiple-needle electrospinning, a phenomenon reported here for the first time to their knowledge. Their study points to the significant role of humidity in controlling the morphology of nanofibre ensemble in electrospinning: when the humidity is sufficiently low, entangled mat of nanofibres with little or no interfusion between them are formed. However, at sufficiently high humidity, electrospun jets diffused into each other, forming a network of interfused fibres. The onset of jet interfusion during electrospinning is notable with naked eyes. The humidity that corresponds to the onset of the jet interfusion is referred to as the humidity threshold. They studied the formation of the nanofibre interfusion, and the relationships between humidity threshold and nanofibre diameters with processing parameters. They then presented a theory which explains the formation of the interfused network of fibres in terms of water condensation on the jets due to evaporative cooling. The presented approach allows for direct (one-step) fabrication of high surface area interfused nanofibre network without post-processing. This unique fibre structure can have significant implications on fibre applications for air and water filtering, where the structural integrity of the filter matters.
Probing Fe–V Bonding in a C3-Symmetric Heterobimetallic Complex

Direct metal–metal bonding of two distinct first-row transition metals remains relatively unexplored compared to their second- and third-row heterobimetallic counterparts. Herein, a recently reported Fe–V triply bonded species, [V(iPrNPPh2)3FeI] (1; Kuppuswamy, S.; Powers, T. M.; Krogman, J. P.; Bezpalko, M. W.; Foxman, B. M.; Thomas, C. M. Vanadium–iron complexes featuring metal–metal multiple bonds. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 3557–3565), is investigated using high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance, field- and temperature-dependent 57Fe nuclear gamma resonance (Mossbauer) spectroscopy, and high-field electron-electron double resonance detected nuclear magnetic resonance. From the use of this suite of physical methods, we have assessed the electronic structure of 1. These studies allow us to establish the effective g tensors as well as the Fe/V electro-nuclear hyperfine interaction tensors of the spin S = 1/2 ground state. We have rationalized these tensors in the context of ligand field theory supporte...
Disability and Delight: Staring Back at the Devotee Community

Disability and Delight: Staring Back at the Devotee Community is the most recent incarnation of an ongoing research project originally began as an undergraduate thesis in the English department at the University of California at Berkeley. Using first-hand accounts of both people with disabilities and self-identified “devotees,” the nature of sexual attraction to people with disabilities, as well as the responses to that attraction, are examined. In addition, a critical eye is cast toward some of the existing scholarship on the subject. Ultimately, the question raised is if the attraction of devotees is exploitation or empowerment of people with disabilities.
Resolution of Inflammation During Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Upon Toxoplasma gondii host infection, a powerful immune response takes place in order to contain dissemination of the parasite and prevent mortality. Once parasite proliferation is contained by IFN-γ-dependent responses, nevertheless­, parasite immune escape prevents complete clearance characterizing the onset of the chronic phase of infection, with a continuous (and powerful) cell-mediated immunity. Such potent responses are kept under tight control by several, non-redundant mechanisms that control pro-inflammatory mediators. Including cytokines, such as members of the IL-10 family, TGF-beta, the membrane receptors, ICOS, CTLA4 and a class of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, the lipoxins. In this chapter we address the host strategies that keep pro-inflammatory responses under control during chronic disease. On the other hand, we approach the perspective of the pathogen, which pirates the host’s machinery to its own advantage as a part of the pathogen’s immune-escape mechanisms.
Responses of Selected U.S. Gulf Coast Marsh Macrophyte Species to Oiling and Commercial Cleaners

A shoreline cleaner was tested to determine its effectiveness in removing different types of oil from selected US Gulf coastal marsh macrophytes. Bulltongue (Sagittaria lancifolia L.), three cornered grass (Scirpus olneyi E. & G.) and broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.) were subjected to oil application and cleaning in a greenhouse and the subsequent effects on plant functions were evaluated during the period immediately after treatment initiation. Plant stomatal functioning, photosynthesis, respiration, regeneration, growth and biomass were monitored. Two types of oil, South Louisiana Crude (SLC) or Arabian Medium Crude (AMC) were used. The treatments included: control (no oil or cleaner), cleaner only (COREXIT 9580 only, no oil), oiled with SLC or AMC only (no cleaner), and oiled using SLC or AMC and cleaned with COREXIT 9580 after two days. The existing leaves on the macrophytes at the time of treatment application directly subjected to oiling (but not cleaned) did not recover from the effects of oiling in all of the study species. However, leaves under oil+cleaner treatments or leaves developed during the post-oiling period (new leaves) showed a different pattern of response. For instance, in bulltongue plants, new leaves had stomatal conductances at or close to the values recorded for control plants. However, new leaves and leaves subjected to oil+cleaner treatment in cattail and three-cornered plants, had stomatal conductances significantly lower than their respective control plants. However, photosynthetic and respiration data indicated no overall significant differences within each species across treatments. Thus, the physiological functions of the study species had apparently recovered from the initial adverse effects of oiling within the experimental period. Based on photosynthetic and respiration data, the study species sensitivity ranking is similar. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in physiological responses of the study species to oil types. In addition, above-ground biomass was not affected significantly by the treatments in bulltongue or cattail but was reduced significantly in three-corner plants. Based on the overall physiological and biomass data, bulltongue was the least sensitive of the three species to SLC and AMC oil types than the other species while cattail appeared to be the most sensitive. Any beneficial effects of the cleaner may be more pronounced in plant species highly sensitive to specific oil types than the species studied.
Trashing violence/recycling civility: Buenos Aires’ scavengers and everyday forms of democracy in the wake of neoliberalism:

The various progressive and conservative governments that administered Buenos Aires from the 1990s onward implemented strikingly similar policies that were aimed at transforming the city and metrop...
Characterization of wellbore microannuli

Abstract Wellbores are comprised by a steel casing surrounded by a cement sheath. The microannulus is the typically very small annular or degraded space that may develop between cement and casing that has been identified as a common leakage pathway in wellbore systems. Although data regarding the actual size and character of wellbore microannuli are limited, the hydraulic aperture of the microannulus can be estimated from pressure build up or flow measurements at the wellhead. Such information can be misleading, however, as it represents microannuli as uniform annular gaps along the wellbore. This study aims to provide a quantitative measure of the variability of the microannuli. We generated wellbore-based samples with microannuli between the steel casing and cement, and calculated their hydraulic aperture and permeability by flowing gas through the microannuli. We then injected dyed epoxy into the microannuli, cut the specimens into five circumferential sections per sample, and used microphotographs to measure microannulus aperture size and contact between the steel and the cement to generate microannulus profiles for each section. These measurements are unique as they provide a quantitative measure of the variability of the microannulus with a resolution as low as 3 μm. Aperture sizes were fitted to different statistical distributions, most frequently lognormal and gamma. Capillary entry pressure (CEP) for gas displacing brine in the microannulus was estimated from measured aperture size. CEP estimated from actual aperture size was generally much greater than that estimated from the hydraulic aperture of the entire specimen, resulting in a wide range of values. Measured aperture sizes were used to evaluate possible microannulus repair by estimating the penetration of cementitious materials. The data showed that the repair using cementitious materials is unlikely to be effective for microannuli with a hydraulic aperture
Direct dioxygen evolution in collisions of carbon dioxide with surfaces

The intramolecular conversion of CO_2 to molecular oxygen is an exotic reaction, rarely observed even with extreme optical or electronic excitation means. Here we show that this reaction occurs readily when CO_2 ions scatter from solid surfaces in a two-step sequential collision process at hyperthermal incidence energies. The produced O_2 is preferentially ionized by charge transfer from the surface over the predominant atomic oxygen product, leading to direct detection of both O_2+ and O_2−. First-principles simulations of the collisional dynamics reveal that O_2 production proceeds via strongly-bent CO_2 configurations, without visiting other intermediates. Bent CO_2 provides dynamic access to the symmetric dissociation of CO_2 to C+O_2 with a calculated yield of 1 to 2% depending on molecular orientation. This unexpected collision-induced transformation of individual CO_2 molecules provides an accessible pathway for generating O_2 in astrophysical environments and may inspire plasma-driven electro- and photo-catalytic strategies for terrestrial CO_2 reduction.
The Time Has Come: Integrating Time and Timing into Our Understanding of Close Relationships

Time and timing matter in relationships. Relational scholars increasingly acknowledge issues of time and timing in their research, leading one author team to recently conclude in the title of their...
Visual and verbal learning and memory in cystinosis

Abstract Cystinosis is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine in lysosomes. Many organ systems are vulnerable to this cystine accumulation including the CNS. A past study demonstrated that children with cystinosis have deficits in visual learning and memory while their verbal learning and memory and global intellectual function are spared (Spilkin, Ballantyne, & Trauner, 2009). However, no related study has been performed to assess the dissociation between visual and verbal learning and memory in adults with cystinosis who have had the benefit of longterm treatment with the cystine-depleting agent, cysteamine. In this study we assessed visual and verbal learning and memory in 15 adults with cystinosis, with a mean age of 30.2 years. The results indicate that adults with cystinosis have no significant deficits in either verbal or visual learning and memory. However, the individuals did perform better on the verbal assessment. The results suggest that if early and continued treatment is given to individuals with cystinosis there is a relative sparing of visual learning and memory that might have otherwise declined. This emphasizes the essential nature of the proper clinical management of cystinosis.
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion Versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Treatment of Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Insights from a National Registry

Background Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common procedure for single-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM); however, for multilevel CSM, some patients may also undergo anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). We sought to assess differences in clinical outcomes between patients undergoing ACDF and those undergoing ACCF for multilevel CSM. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried from 2007 to 2017 to identify patients diagnosed with CSM undergoing 1- or 2-level ACCF and 2- or 3-level ACDF. Three-to-one propensity scoring was used to match patients undergoing 1-level ACCF to those undergoing 2-level ACDF. Multivariable regression was performed to compare 30-day clinical outcomes between ACCF and ACDF recipients. Results A total of 3708 patients undergoing 1-level ACCF (n = 729; 18.7%) or 2-level ACDF (n = 3179; 81.3%) were identified. On multivariable regression, 1-level ACCF was associated with significantly longer length of stay (coefficient, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–1.11; P Conclusions Our analyses indicate that ACCF may be associated with worse clinical outcomes than ACDF following multilevel treatment for CSM.
A 24MB Embedded Flash System Based on 28nm SG-MONOS Featuring 240MHz Read Operations and Robust Over-The-Air Software Update for Automotive

This paper presents an embedded Flash system based on 28nm SG-MONOS technologies for automotive. It contains the world’s largest 24MB code Flash memories and achieves 240MHz random read access at Tj of 170°C and -40°C. The peak current for programming in over-the-air software update (OTA) is reduced by 55%. A high-speed program mode with 6.5MB/s is implemented for shorter test time. The system realizes robust and fast software switching of ~1ms in OTA.
Switching Topology for Resilient Consensus using Wi-Fi Signals

Securing multi-robot teams against malicious activity is crucial as these systems accelerate towards widespread societal integration. This emerging class of “physical networks” requires research into new methods of security that exploit their physical nature. This paper derives a theoretical framework for securing multi-agent consensus against the Sybil attack by using the physical properties of wireless transmissions. Our frame-work uses information extracted from the wireless channels to design a switching signal that stochastically excludes potentially untrustworthy transmissions from the consensus. Intuitively, this amounts to selectively ignoring incoming communications from untrustworthy agents, allowing for consensus to the true average to be recovered with high probability if initiated after a certain observation time T 0 that we derive. This work is different from previous work in that it allows for arbitrary malicious node values and is insensitive to the initial topology of the network so long as a connected topology over legitimate nodes in the network is feasible. We show that our algorithm will recover consensus and the true graph over the system of legitimate agents with an error rate that vanishes exponentially with time.
The Incipient Degrowth Movement in the United States

Degrowth proposes radically reorganizing societies to equitably downscale the economy. The concept remains relatively unknown in the United States, a country whose oversized production and consumption have ample room to degrow. An informal survey suggests that American degrowth advocates tend to frame degrowth as necessary more than as desirable. But science cannot determine that any course of action is necessary; debating what worlds to create and inhabit is the terrain of politics. To build a political movement, degrowth discourse must illustrate the desirability of its vision to potential allies. Movements that have gained momentum in the U.S. in recent years have focused on social justice issues. A discussion of the state of degrowth in the U.S. concludes by suggesting that its advocates emphasize opposition to oppression and create spaces where degrowth and other social movements can collectively envision desirable futures.
The impact of temperature on atmosphere requirements and effects: The limits of design and utility for CA/MA/MAP

Abstract Controlled and modified atmospheres (CA/MA) work to extend the postharvest life of horticultural crops by supplementing the effect of reduced temperature in slowing the metabolic rate of the crop. Thus optimization of CA/MA conditions must consider the lowest safe temperature for the target crop, which further requires consideration of the variety, maturity or ripeness stage, and expected duration of storage in CA/MA. The optimum CA/MA unavoidably involves using the most extreme reduction of O2 and elevation of CO2 that avoid irreversible physiological injury for a given exposure duration at the optimum temperature. Slight deviations from that anticipated temperature can result in tissue injury due to associated changes in the atmosphere and the tissue response. The foregoing situation necessitates compromise when designing CA/MA systems, especially for products in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), which are most often subject to MA for variable times and temperatures during storage, transportation, and retail display.
Balloon guidance for superior mesenteric artery scallop alignment during Cook Zenith Fenestrated AAA Endovascular Graft deployment.

Abstract To achieve seal, aortic endografts may require coverage of the aorta adjacent to or involving critical branch vessels. One technique for maintaining branch vessel patency at the leading edge of an endograft is use of a scallop. However, it may be difficult to ensure proper scallop alignment both before and after endograft deployment. We describe a technique for improving superior mesenteric artery scallop alignment of the Cook Zenith Fenestrated AAA Endovascular Graft (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) using scallop precannulation and ostial superior mesenteric artery balloon inflation during both diameter expansion and top cap release.