cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A quadratic programming flux correction method for high-order DG discretizations of SN transport

Abstract We present a new flux-fixup approach for arbitrarily high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of the S N transport equation, and we demonstrate the compatibility of this approach with the Variable Eddington Factor (VEF) method [1] , [2] . The new fixup approach is sweep-compatible: during a transport sweep (block Gauss-Seidel iteration in which the scattering source is lagged), a local quadratic programming (QP) problem is solved in each spatial element to ensure that the solution satisfies certain physical constraints, including local particle balance. In this paper, we describe two choices of physical constraints, resulting in two variants of the method: QP Zero (QPZ) and QP Maximum Principle (QPMP). In QPZ, the finite element coefficients of the solution are constrained to be nonnegative. In QPMP, they are constrained to adhere to an approximate discrete maximum principle. There are two primary takeaways in this paper. First, when the positive Bernstein basis is used for DG discretization, the QPMP method eliminates negativities, preserves high-order accuracy for smooth problems, and significantly dampens unphysical oscillations in the solution. The latter feature – the dampening of unphysical oscillations – is an improvement upon standard, simpler fixup approaches such as the approach described in [3] (denoted as the “zero and rescale” (ZR) method in this paper). This improvement comes at a moderate computational cost, but it is not prohibitive. Our results show that, even in an unrealistic worst-case scenario where 83% of the spatial elements require a fixup, the computational cost of performing a transport sweep with fixup is only ∼31% greater than performing one without fixup. The second takeaway is that the VEF method can be used to accelerate the convergence of transport sweeps even when a fixup is applied. When optically thick regions are present, transport sweeps converge slowly, regardless of whether a fixup is applied, and acceleration is needed. However, attempting to apply standard diffusion synthetic acceleration (DSA) to fixed-up transport sweeps results in divergence for optically thick problems. Our results show that the same is not true for VEF. When VEF is combined with fixed-up transport sweeps, the result is a scheme that produces a nonnegative solution, converges independently of the mean free path, and, in the case of the QPMP fixup, adheres to an approximate discrete maximum principle.
Retrospective analysis of the effect of limited english proficiency on abdominal MRI image quality

To evaluate the effect of English proficiency on abdominal MRI imaging quality. Three equal-sized cohorts of patients undergoing 3T abdominal MRI were identified based on English proficiency as documented in the EMR: Primary language of English; English as a second language (ESL)/no translator needed; or ESL, translator needed (42 patients per cohort for total study size of 126 patients). Three radiologists independently used a 1–5 Likert scale to assess respiratory motion and image quality on turbo spin-echo T2WI and post-contrast T1WI. Groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests. For T2WI respiratory motion, all three readers scored the Translator group significantly worse than the English and ESL/no-Translator groups (mean scores across readers of 2.98 vs. 3.58 and 3.51; p values < 0.001–0.008). For T2WI overall image quality, all three readers also scored the Translator group significantly worse than the English and ESL/no-Translator groups (2.77 vs. 3.28 and 3.31; p values 0.002–0.005). For T1WI respiratory motion, mean scores were not significantly different between groups (English: 4.14, ESL/no-Translator: 4.02, Translator: 3.94; p values 0.398–0.597). For T1WI overall image quality, mean scores also were not significantly different (4.09, 3.99, and 3.95, respectively; p values 0.369–0.831). Abdominal MR examinations show significantly worse T2WI respiratory motion and overall image quality when requiring a translator, even compared with non-translator exams in non-English primary language patients. Strategies are warranted to improve coordination among MR technologists, translators, and non-English speaking patients undergoing abdominal MR, to ensure robust image quality in this vulnerable patient population.
Transient photoconductivity and photo-excited carrier dynamics in (Bi1-xInx)2Se3 thin films

We use time-resolved THz spectroscopy to study microscopic conductivity and photoinduced carrier dynamics in MBE-grown 100 nm thick (Bi1-xInx)2Se3 thin films with indium concentration varying from x=0 to x=0.5. Both intrinsic and photoinduced conductivity in Bi2Se3 is significantly higher compared to the films with x=0.25 and x=0.50, with carriers that are not constrained by the twin domain boundaries and exhibit high mobility of 1100 cm2/Vs. We find that introducing indium with concentration of x=0.25 and higher, above the threshold for a topological to trivial transition, suppresses both intrinsic and photoinduced conductivity by over an order of magnitude and reduces the lifetime of photoexcited carriers. These findings demonstrate that controlling indium concentration in (Bi1-xInx)2Se3 films provides an avenue to design (Bi1- xInx)2Se3 films with desired properties for high-speed optoelectronic devices.
Understanding Psychosocial and Sexual Health Concerns Among Women With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy

Objective To better understand the physical and psychosocial components of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among women undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BCa). Methods We conducted semistructured individual interviews and a focus group with pre- and post-RC female patients and their partners regarding the impact of RC on sexual health and psychosocial wellbeing. Themes were inductively identified by 2 independent coders and subsequently organized into themes and subthemes using qualitative description and constant comparison. Results In the preoperative cohort, 6 women and 1 partner participated (50% contact rate, 75% participation rate). In the postoperative cohort, 16 women and 2 partners participated (61% contact rate, 64% participation rate). Major themes that emerged in interviews with both cohorts included concerns about changes to body image, the psychological impact of BCa diagnosis and treatment, concerns about the impact of RC on sexual function, and inadequacies in provider-led sexual health counseling. Participants varied in the importance they placed on sexual function, with factors such as age, relationship status, and oncologic concerns impacting prioritization, although both younger and older patients expressed a desire to retain the option of sexual function. Conclusion Female patients with BCa undergoing RC experience changes in body image, psychological distress, physical disruptions in sexual function, and inadequacies in sexual health counseling and education. Future efforts should be directed towards improving sexual health counseling and psychosocial support resources for women with BCa.
Quenched Eguchi-Kawai model revisited

The motivation and construction of the original quenched Eguchi-Kawai (QEK) model are reviewed, providing much greater detail than in the first, 1982 QEK paper. A 2008 article announced that QEK fails as a reduced model because the average over permutations of eigenvalues stays annealed. It is shown here that the original quenching logic naturally leads to a formulation with no annealed average over permutations.
On the Wealth Effects of the Supervisory Goodwill Controversy

We provide evidence on the potential wealth effects of the 1996 U.S. Supreme Court decision that the U.S. government had violated contractual obligations when, in 1989, it passed legislation prohibiting savings and loan associations from counting "supervisory goodwill" as capital. The Supreme Court decision did produce large wealth gains for the savings and loan plaintiffs, as did prior court decisions in favor of these savings and loans. However, little evidence exists to suggest negative market responses to important events surrounding the 1989 legislation.
cGAS phase separation inhibits TREX1-mediated DNA degradation and enhances cytosolic DNA sensing.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognition of cytosolic DNA is critical for the immune response to cancer and pathogen infection. Here, we discover that cGAS-DNA phase separation is required to resist negative regulation and allow efficient sensing of immunostimulatory DNA. We map the molecular determinants of cGAS condensate formation and demonstrate that phase separation functions to limit activity of the cytosolic exonuclease TREX1. Mechanistically, phase separation forms a selective environment that suppresses TREX1 catalytic function and restricts DNA degradation to an outer shell at the droplet periphery. We identify a TREX1 mutation associated with the severe autoimmune disease Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome that increases penetration of TREX1 into the repressive droplet interior and specifically impairs degradation of phase-separated DNA. Our results define a critical function of cGAS-DNA phase separation and reveal a molecular mechanism that balances cytosolic DNA degradation and innate immune activation.
A Complicated Case of Triple Valve Infective Endocarditis in an IV Drug User with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve Requiring Three Separate Salvage Operations: A Case Report and Literature Review

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium that involves valves and adjacent mural endocardium or a septal defect. Local complications include severe valvular insufficiency, which may lead to intractable congestive heart failure and myocardial abscesses. If left untreated, IE is generally fatal. Diagnosing IE can be straightforward in patients with the typical oslerian manifestations such as bacteremia, evidence of active valvulitis, peripheral emboli, and immunologic vascular phenomena. In the acute course, however, the classic peripheral stigmata may be few or absent, particularly among intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) patients in whom IE is often due to a S. aureus infection of right-sided heart valves. We present a complicated case of a very aggressive native aortic valve MSSA (methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) IE in a young adult male with a past medical history of bicuspid aortic valve and IV drug abuse. His clinical course was complicated by aortic valve destruction and development of third-degree AV block, as well as an aorto-left atrial fistula requiring emergent operation for AV replacement and patch repair. The patient required two reoperations for recurrent endocarditis and its complications.
SUSY and the Holographic Screens

The Cartan-Penrose (CP) equation is interpreted as a connection between a spinor at a point in spacetime, and a pair of holographic screens on which the information at that point may be projected. Local SUSY is thus given a physical interpretation in terms of the ambiguity of the choice of holographic screen implicit in the work of Bousso. The classical CP equation is conformally invariant, but quantization introduces metrical information via the B(ekenstein)-H(awking)-F(ischler)-S(usskind)-B(ousso) connection between area and entropy. A piece of the classical projective invariance survives as the $(-1)^F$ operation of Fermi statistics. I expand on a previously discussed formulation of quantum cosmology, using the connection between SUSY and screens.
Integrated prepass scheduling for a Java just-in-time compiler on the IA-64

We present a new integrated prepass scheduling (IPS) algorithm for a Java just-in-time (JIT) compiler which integrates register minimization into list scheduling. We use backtracking in the list scheduling when we have used up all the available registers. To reduce the overhead of backtracking, we incrementally maintain a set of candidate instructions for undoing scheduling. To maximize the ILP after undoing scheduling, we select an instruction chain with the smallest increase in the total execution time. We implemented our new algorithm in a production-level Java JIT compiler for the Intel Itanium processor. The experiment showed that, compared to the best known algorithm by Govindarajan et al., our IPS algorithm improved the performance by up to +1.8% while it reduced the compilation time for IPS by 58% on average.
Social History and the Study of "Great Men"? The Hispanic American Historical Review, William Spence Robertson (1872-1956), and the Disciplinary Debate About Biography

The rise of social history in the sixties sparked heated debate while rejecting biography on behalf of a deeper forms of explanation, especially in the socio-economic realm (base) conceptualized in structural and systemic terms. This article will test the accuracy of social history’s criticism of the U.S. scholarly community associated with Hispanic American Historical Review —HAHR— from its formative years (1910- 1920) through its consolidation in the forties. It does so by examining the historical scholarship of William Spence Robertson, a HAHR founder who wrote authoritative biographical monographs on Francisco de Miranda (1929) and Mexico’s Iturbide (1952). While offering an interpretation of HAHR as a U.S. disciplinary journal, it asks if Robertson’s professional production is best understood as an expression of a prevailing “great man theory of history” while exploring the evolving reception of his work at mid-century. It ends by offering a critique of the theoretical underpinnings of the anti-biographical disposition of so many historians even today and explores how it derives from a combination of certain formulations of Marxism with structuralist, and post-structuralist doxa.
Ensemble visualization for cyber situation awareness of network security data

Network security analysis and ensemble data visualization are two active research areas. Although they are treated as separate domains, they share many common challenges and characteristics. Both focus on scalability, time-dependent data analytics, and exploration of patterns and unusual behaviors in large datasets. These overlaps provide an opportunity to apply ensemble visualization research to improve network security analysis. To study this goal, we propose methods to interpret network security alerts and flow traffic as ensemble members. We can then apply ensemble visualization techniques in a network analysis environment to produce a network ensemble visualization system. Including ensemble representations provide new, in-depth insights into relationships between alerts and flow traffic. Analysts can cluster traffic with similar behavior and identify traffic with unusual patterns, something that is difficult to achieve with high-level overviews of large network datasets. Furthermore, our ensemble approach facilitates analysis of relationships between alerts and flow traffic, improves scalability, maintains accessibility and configurability, and is designed to fit our analysts’ working environment, mental models, and problem solving strategies.
Comparison of Mosquito Magnet and Biogents Sentinel Traps for Operational Surveillance of Container-Inhabiting Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Species

Container-inhabiting Aedes are among the most medically important mosquito vectors of diseases. They also impact health and quality of life by their persistent and severe biting. Monitoring of container-inhabiting Aedes species is challenging due to the need for specialized traps and lures. Biogents Sentinel (BGS) trap has become a standard for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) surveillance; however, it has substantial problems with durability, quality of construction, and sample exposure to the elements. The goal of this study was to develop a methodology for collecting medically important container-inhabiting Aedes species in numbers sufficient for population trend analysis, control efficacy studies, and pathogen testing. Mosquito Magnets (MM) baited with BG lure and R-octenol were selected as the most practical alternative to BGS, collecting significantly more Ae. albopictus (32.1 ± 0.7 vs. 5.6 ± 0.1), Aedes japonicus (Theobald) (10.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.2 ± 0.02), and Aedes triseriatus (Say) (0.9 ± 0.04 vs. 0.04 ± 0.004) females on average per trapping under a variety of weather conditions. MM can be particularly useful for long-term surveillance or when large numbers of specimens are required for pathogen isolation, such as at the sites with suspected dengue or chikungunya transmission.
Procyanidin Content of Grape Seed and Pomace, and Total Anthocyanin Content of Grape Pomace as Affected by Extrusion Processing

UNLABELLED Grape juice processing by-products, grape seed and pomace are a rich source of procyanidins, compounds that may afford protection against chronic disease. This study was undertaken to identify optimal extrusion conditions to enhance the contents of monomers and dimers at the expense of large molecular weight procyanidin oligomers and polymers in grape seed and pomace. Extrusion variables, temperature (160, 170, and 180 degrees C in grape seed, and 160, 170, 180, and 190 degrees C in pomace) and screw speed (100, 150, and 200 rpm in both) were tested using mixtures of grape seed as well as pomace with decorticated white sorghum flour at a ratio of 30 : 70 and moisture content of 45%. Samples of grape seed and pomace were analyzed for procyanidin composition before and after extrusion, and total anthocyanins were determined in pomace. Additionally, chromatograms from diol and normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography were compared for the separation of procyanidins. Extrusion of both grape by-products increased the biologically important monomer and dimers considerably across all temperature and screw speeds. Highest monomer content resulted when extruded at a temperature of 170 degrees C and screw speed of 200 rpm, which were 120% and 80% higher than the unextruded grape seed and pomace, respectively. Increases in monomer and dimer contents were apparently the result of reduced polymer contents, which declined by 27% to 54%, or enhanced extraction facilitated by disruption of the food matrix during extrusion. Extrusion processing reduced total anthocyanins in pomace by 18% to 53%. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Extrusion processing can be used to increase procyanidin monomer and dimer contents in grape seed and pomace. Procyanidins in grape by-products have many health benefits, but most are present as large molecular weight compounds, which are poorly absorbed. Extrusion processing appears to be a promising technology to increase levels of the bioactive low molecular weight procyanidins.
The Spread of Dyula and Popular French in Cote d'Ivoire: Implications for Language Policy.

SOMMAIRELe rayonnement du Dioula et du francais populaire en Cote d'Ivoire: Son rapport a la politique linguistiqueCet article montre, a travers une presentation de la situation sociolinguistique de la Cote d'Ivoire, que: (1) le Francais Standard, en depit de son statut de langue nationale et officielle et de son prestige, n'a pu s'etablir comme une langue de masse et est menace dans son role de moyen de communication majeur par deux lingua francas: le Dioula et le Francais Populaire; (2) l'integration socioeconomique minimale, le taux eleve des renvois scolaires, l'importance de l'exode rural et l'immigration internationale ont considerablement renforce cette tendance; (3) les lingua francas, et plus particulierement le Dioula, peuvent devenir langues nationales malgre la resistance des populations a une nouvelle politique langagiere. Cet article conclut que l'usage repandu d'une langue ne signifie pas toujours l'adoption de celle-ci comme langue nationale ou langue officielle.RESUMOLa disvastiĝo de la djula lingvo kaj la popola franca en Ebura Bordo: Implicoj je la lingva politikoLa aŭtoro montras, per priskribo de la socilingvistika situacio de Ebura Bordo, ke: (1) la norma franca lingvo, malgraŭ sia nacia kaj oficiala statuso kaj sia prestiĝo, ne estab-liĝis kiel la lingvo de la popolo kaj estas minacata en sia rolo de ĉefperilo de interetna komunikado de du interlingvoj, la djula kaj la popola franca; (2) la malforta sociekonomia integriĝo, la alta nombro de nefinantoj lernejaj kaj la graveco de interna kaj internacia migrado konsiderinde plifortigis tiun tendencon; (3) la interlingvoj, precipe la djula, havas perspektivon por fariĝi naciaj lingvoj malgraŭ tio, ke la homoj mem ne tre forte subtenas la ideon de nova lingva politiko. La aŭtoro konkludas, ke la ĝenerala utiligo de difinita lingvo ne nepre kondukas al ĝia akceptiĝo kiel nacia aŭ oficiala lingvo.
Role of endoscopy in the assessment and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection

Abstract As our ability to diagnose and treat Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) has improved over time, the role that endoscopy plays in the management of these patients has evolved. We reviewed the medical literature to describe the role of endoscopy in the management of CDI. A search of PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library was performed. Abstracts were reviewed to determine their scientific merit and relevance. The selected articles and relevant embedded references from the primary articles were also examined, with recommendations based on consensus conclusions of the data. A total of 80 articles were reviewed and analyzed for this article. Endoscopy once played a very prominent role in the diagnosis and management of C. difficile infections. It now serves as a tool in complicated cases to evaluate for other pathology and to asses for disease severity, while providing a therapeutic option for select patients.
Microsurgical anatomy of the dural arteries.

Objective The objective was to examine the microsurgical anatomy basic to the microsurgical and endovascular management of lesions involving the dural arteries. Methods Adult cadaveric heads and skulls were examined using the magnification provided by the surgical microscope to define the origin, course, and distribution of the individual dural arteries. Results The pattern of arterial supply of the dura covering the cranial base is more complex than over the cerebral convexity. The internal carotid system supplies the midline dura of the anterior and middle fossae and the anterior limit of the posterior fossa; the external carotid system supplies the lateral segment of the three cranial fossae; and the vertebrobasilar system supplies the midline structures of the posterior fossa and the area of the foramen magnum. Dural territories often have overlapping supply from several sources. Areas supplied from several overlapping sources are the parasellar dura, tentorium, and falx. The tentorium and falx also receive a contribution from the cerebral arteries, making these structures an anastomotic pathway between the dural and parenchymal arteries. A reciprocal relationship, in which the territories of one artery expand if the adjacent arteries are small, is common. Conclusion The carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial systems give rise to multiple branches that supply the dura in a complex and overlapping pattern. A knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy of these dural arteries and their assessment on pretreatment evaluations plays a major role in safe and accurate treatment of multiple lesions.
Bisalbuminemia in a bottlenosed dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus )

Bisaluminemia was found in a female bottlenosed dolphin (Turiops truncatus) on routine examination. There is no association with disease.
A displacement finite element modelling for convection-diffusion problems

Abstract The development of a displacement finite element formulation and its application to convective transport problems is presented. The formulation is based on the introduction of a generalized quantity defined as transport displacement. The governing equation is expressed in terms of this quantity and by using generalized coordinates a variational form of the governing equation is obtained. This equation may be solved by any numerical method, though it is of particular interest for application of the finite element method. Two finite element models are derived for the solution of convection-diffusion boundary value problems. The performance of the two element models is discussed and numerical results are given for different cases of convection and diffusion with two types of boundary conditions. The numerical results obtained show not only the efficiency of the numerical models in handling pure convection, pure diffusion and mixed convection-diffusion problems, but also good stability and accuracy. The applications of the developed numerical models are not limited to diffusion-convection problems but can also be applied to other types of problems such as mass transfer, hydrodynamics and wave propagation.
Synthesis and Use of Deuterated 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde as an Internal Standard for Determination of Dopegal in Brain Tissue by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Trideuterated 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL-d3) was synthesized from tetradeuterated catechol. After derivatization withN-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide, the identity of DOPEGAL-d3was confirmed by comparison with unlabeled DOPEGAL by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS); they have the same pattern of mass fragmentation. The deuterated DOPEGAL was used as an internal standard for the determination of DOPEGAL in human locus ceruleus by GC–MS in the selected-ion-monitoring mode.
International Volunteerism During General Surgical Residency: A Resident's Experience

Objective The purpose of this article is to discuss a surgical resident's experience in Kenya as a component of a custom-designed dedicated year. The academic value, clinical experience, and lessons learned will be described. Hopefully, these insights will be useful to those planning to take a similar course or for those seeking to offer such an experience at their training programs. Setting Bomet, Kenya. Results Operative experience for a 6-month period is given in Table 1 . Two papers were presented at the 58th East African College of Surgeons conference. Retrospective review of the local experience in treatment of esophageal and breast cancers were reported for a 14-year period. Conclusions Concerning the goals and value of surgical volunteerism during residency, the greatest benefits are derived personally by the volunteer. If careful preparation is made, then it is possible to obtain meaningful research data even from a small village in East Africa. The inherent risks of third-world travel can be optimized but not erased.
Organic Acids as Agents of Chemical Weathering of Silicate Minerals

IN geologic weathering systems, organic acids such as fulvic and humic acids from humus or soil microorganisms decompose minerals dominantly by reacting with polyvalent cations in minerals to form water-soluble or -insoluble metallo-organic complexes (or chelates). Whether the complexes are soluble or insoluble is controlled primarily by the structures of ligands and relative stabilities of the complexes in relation to pH and Eh in the systems1–5. We report the results of the laboratory dissolution of common silicate minerals at room temperature in dilute and in 0.01 M, organic acids which contain such functional groups as carboxyl, hydroxy—and amino—which occur in soil acids and Other organic acids of geologic and pedologie systems. The systems fall into two categories: first, weakly complexing—acetic (monocarboxylic aliphatic) and aspartic (dicarboxylic amino aliphatic); and second, strongly complexing—citric (hydroxy, tricarboxylic aliphatic), tartaric (dihydroxy aliphatic), salicylic (monohydroxy aromatic) and tannic (commonly a mixture of aliphatic and polyhydroxy carboxylic acids).
New Editors for AGU Journals

John Orcutt, the editor in chief of Earth and Space Science, has filled in his editorial board with Andrea Donnellan (University of Southern California), Jonathan H. Jiang (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology), Benoit Pirenne (University of Victoria, BC, Canada), and Frank Vernon (University of California, San Diego).
Comparison of the structure of the genes for outer membrane proteins P1 and P2 of Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Abstract Size and antigenic heterogeneity have been recognized in both outer membrane protein P1 and outer membrane protein P2 of Haemophilus influenzae type b. To determine the molecular basis for these differences, we have cloned and sequenced the structural genes for OMPs P1 and P2 from prototype isolates with the OMP subtypes 1H, 43L and 6U. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the P1 genes are characterized by three variable regions dispersed between highly conserved regions. The nucleic acid and derived amino acid sequences of the P2 genes are also highly conserved. The P2 genes from OMP subtype 1H and 3L isolates are identical. The sequence of the 6U gene differs by 13 nucleotides, resulting in 10 amino acid changes.
Gene amplification in mammary gland at differentiation.

Abstract Mouse mammary gland DNA was analyzed by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in CsCl. The buoyant density of the pre-existing and newly made DNA of the mammary glands of virgin, pregnant and weaned mice showed the characteristic major and minor-(satellite) components of mouse DNA. However, most of the radioactive DNA of early lactating gland equilibriated as slightly heavier (0.004 g/cm3) than the major band of mouse DNA and this heavily labeled peak in 6 day lactating gland was associated with a shoulder on the optical density curve. The results indicate a periodic amplification of the mammary cell genome at differentiation. Similarity of the buoyant density of the heavy DNA peak with that of the G+C rich mouse DNA also suggests involvement of the ribosomal genes.
A specific and sensitive spot test for cadmium utilizing glyoxal-bis(2-hydroxyanil)

Abstract A test for cadmium based on the use of Blyoxal-bis(2-hydroxyanil) is proposed. The reaction is carried out on beads of an anion exchange resin on which the cadmium has been concentrated as the tetraiodo complex. Separations inherent in the procedure make the test specific. The limit of identification is 0.05 μg.
Limits on the τ neutrino electromagnetic properties from single photon searches at e+e- colliders

We set limits on the magnetic moment and charge radius of the τ neutrino by examining the contributions to the processe+e−→v\(\bar \nu \)γ due to such interactions. We find thatK(ντ)<4×10−6 (i.e.μ(ντ)<4×10−6μB, μB=e/2me) and 〈r2〉<2×10−31 cm2 using the combined data of the MAC, ASP, CELLO, and Mark J collaborations for this process. We briefly discuss whether these bounds can be improved in any futuree+e− experiments.
Series faults in six-phase electric poer systems

Abstract The planning and design of transmission systems require the analysis of systems under steady-state as well as under transient conditions. This paper addresses a group of medium-fast transients in six-phase systems created by faults which do not involve any connection between conductors or between conductors and ground. This type of imbalance is referred to as a series fault; it arises, in most instances, when poles of a circuit breaker fail to open, thus creating an unbalanced series impedance condition. The various cases of series faults or open-line faults for six-phase transmission systems are analyzed in this work using the method of symmetrical components and Thevenin's theorem for two-port networks. A numerical algorithm for each of the various series fault cases is also developed here. This will allow us to determine the unbalanced currents resulting from an unbalanced series impedance condition.
Spatial mapping of the zone of secondary hyperalgesia reveals a gradual decline of pain with distance but sharp borders

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how pain to punctate mechanical stimuli varies with position within the zone of secondary hyperalgesia. Secondary hyperalgesia was produced by an intradermal injection of capsaicin (50 μg) into the volar forearm of human volunteers (n=9). Before and at 20, 60 and 100 min after the capsaicin injection, a computer-controlled electromechanical stimulator was used to deliver controlled-force stimuli to the skin via a 12-mm wide, 100-μm thick blade probe. Three forces (16, 32 and 64 g; 1 s) were each applied in a random order to 10 sites spaced in 1-cm increments along a line starting 1 cm from the injection site and ending near the wrist. At 40 and 80 min after capsaicin injection the ‘zone of hyperalgesia’ was determined with use of a hand-held 20-g von Frey probe. Whereas, before capsaicin, the blade probe produced little or no pain, after capsaicin the 32-g and 64-g stimuli evoked pain consistently within but not outside the border of secondary hyperalgesia determined with the von Frey probe. Within the zone of hyperalgesia the average pain ratings to the 64-g stimulus decreased exponentially with distance from the injection site. Surprisingly, the space constant for this exponential decay was large (about 18 cm), and thus the decrease in pain ratings from the center to the edge of the secondary zone was small (37%). However, pain ratings dropped precipitously just outside the zone of secondary hyperalgesia. This finding unlikely reflects a ceiling effect because pain ratings within the zone of secondary hyperalgesia increased linearly with force. The relatively uniform pain ratings to the blade stimuli within the zone of secondary hyperalgesia and the sharp border that delimits the zone of hyperalgesia indicate that this sensory disturbance approaches being an ‘all-or-nothing’ phenomenon. Thus, a two-state model for central plasticity is needed to explain secondary hyperalgesia.
Constituents of magnetic anisotropy and a screening of spin-orbit coupling in solids

Abstract Using quantum mechanical perturbation theory (PT) we analyze how the energy of perturbation of different orders is renormalized in solids. We test the validity of PT analysis by considering a specific case of spin–orbit coupling as a perturbation. We further compare the relativistic energy and the magnetic anisotropy from the PT approach with direct density functional calculations in FePt, CoPt, FePd, MnAl, MnGa, FeNi, and tetragonally strained FeCo. In addition using decomposition of anisotropy into contributions from individual sites and different spin components we explain the microscopic origin of high anisotropy in FePt and CoPt magnets.
Chloramphenicol Causes Ultrastructural and Biochemical Alterations in Developing Chick Liver

Chloramphenicol (Ch) administration has been associated with the fetal ‘gray baby syndrome’ and depression of the hematopoetic system. Ch also causes alterations of mitochondrial morphology and interferes with mitochondrial energy metabolism in a variety of species. We have investigatged the effects of Ch on mitochondrial energy metabolism and structure in the developing chick liver. Ch and 14C-leucine were injected through shell windows into 12 to 17 day chick embryos. After 3 days of exposure to the drug the livers were fixed for electron microscopy and were also used for biochemical studies. Electron micrographs of the Ch treated livers showed major ultrastructural alterations characterized by profound mitochondrial swelling and distortions of mitochondrial structure. There was also a great abundance of free ribosomes. The cytochrome oxidase activity of the treated liver homogenates and the mitochondrial yields from Ch treated livers were approximately 40 to 50% of those of the control. Mitochondrial profiles of Ch treated liver homogenates on sucrose density gradients were greatly diffused when compared with controls, presumably because of the ultrastructural abnormalities. 14Cleucine incorporation into the Ch treated liver mitochondria separated on a sucrose density gradient was significantly less than observed with control. Those mitochondria which were isolated had some biochemical activities similar to the controls (isocitric dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) but rates of oxidation with NADH limited substrates were less than control values. These data suggest that Ch may interfere with energy metabolism in rapidly proliferating tissues because of its effects on protein synthesis and mitochondrial structure and function.
Self-concept, social anxiety, and interpersonal perception skills

Abstract The Interpersonal Perception Task videotape provided a criterion variable to test hypotheses about social information processing skills of socially anxious subjects. Results from 68 undergraduates show negative correlations between both shyness social anxiety and nonverbal decoding scores, and positive correlations between shyness and measures of test anxiety. Results are interpreted in light of cognitive conceptions of social anxiety and its role in decoding nonverbal communication.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients Without Coronary Calcium

Subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have increased risk for atherosclerosis. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) assessed using ultrasound and coronary artery calcium (CAC) detected using computed tomography predict cardiovascular risk in the general population; however, their usefulness and comparability in patients with HIV are less well defined. The purpose of this study was to compare IMT and CAC in the detection of atherosclerosis in subjects with HIV. CAC and IMT were measured in 253 HIV-infected and 58 uninfected adults. Associations among HIV-related factors, traditional risk factors, and CAC and IMT were evaluated. The distribution of IMT among subjects with and without CAC was compared. Among the patients with HIV, 37% had detectable CAC compared to 28% of controls (p = 0.19); 16% of the patients with HIV had CAC >100 compared to 5% of controls (p = 0.03). With either detectable or undetectable CAC, HIV-infected subjects had higher IMT compared to controls (1.02 ± 0.34 vs 0.78 ± 0.12 mm, p
Factors Which Motivate the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) to Become a Registered Occupational Therapist (OTR).

Objective. This survey study was conducted to describe the motivational factors which commonly inspire the certified occupational therapy assistant (COTA) to seek advanced education to become a reg...
Copper isotope ratios in magmatic and hydrothermal ore-forming environments

Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry now provides for precise and accurate measurements of Cu isotope ratios. Copper minerals prepared by direct dissolution with and without chromatographic purification yield identical Cu isotope ratios within analytic precision of about 0.04x(1r). Cu isotope ratios have been measured for copper minerals from worldwide magmatic and hydrothermal copper deposits, and for several weathered deposits. Natural variations in d65Cu values, relative to NBS976, range over 9x. Chalcopyrite samples from mafic intrusions lie within a narrow range of about 1.5x, and most cluster tightly between 0.10xand 0.20x. This range lies within the broader black smoker chalcopyrite and iron meteorite ranges, and possibly represents a bulk mantle Cu isotope ratio. Most values for hydrothermal native copper from the Michigan native copper district also show a narrow range just larger than 0.1xand suggest a common homogeneous source for Cu in this large hydrothermal system. Later copper sulfide and arsenide minerals from this district range to values more than 2x lower than native copper. Ratios for chalcopyrite and bornite from moderate to high-temperature porphyry, skarn, and replacement deposits as a group and within individual deposits exhibit a broad range of values. Variations of nearly 1xare observed over distances on the order of 1 m. In some cases, these variations may result from multiple mineralization events or copper remobilization during retrograde or later hydrothermal activity. Fractionations between chalcopyrite and bornite, where they occur in the same sample or in related samples, cluster near 0.4x, suggesting equilibrium Cu isotope fractionation between them at moderate temperatures. In addition, weathering of hydrothermal copper minerals produces a wide range of values in secondary copper phases. In the supergene environment, cuprite typically has higher values than associated native copper. Therefore, redox states appear to exert a significant control over fractionation at low temperatures. Significant questions remain to be answered. Before the source of copper in hydrothermal environments can be fully addressed, source reservoir Cu ratios need to be determined, and chemical and physical factors that control Cu isotope fractionation must be quantitatively defined. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sampling low-energy protein-protein configurations with basin hopping

Protein assemblies play a central role in cellular organization, signal transduction, ion transportation, and other processes in the living cell. Structural characterization in the wet laboratory is often expensive and time consuming. Computational approaches promise to complement wet-lab efforts in elucidating bound structures of proteins, a problem known as docking. Due to the size and dimensionality of the parametric search space, the problem is computationally challenging. In a somewhat simpler setting of the problem, rigid docking, the primary goal is to obtain low-energy bound configurations from given unbound configurations. These configurations are then often analyzed through different techniques, and a subset of them are selected for further energetic refinement.
Use of a Salmonella typhimurium hilA fusion strain to assess effects of environmental fresh water sources on virulence gene expression.

Many fruits and vegetables are irrigated with water from rivers, lakes and even wastewater systems. Irrigation may be a route for the introduction of Salmonella. Our objectives in this study were to determine survivability and virulence expression in a strain of Salmonella typhimurium when exposed to environmental water sources. Virulence expression was measured using a β-galactosidase assay on a hilA:lacZY fusion strain of S. typhimurium. Water samples for environmental impact studies were taken from a local pond and specific sites along the Rio Grande River, which serves as a source of irrigation water in southern Texas. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) of virulence expression among the water sites. Certain regions along the Rio Grande River yielded greater amounts of β-galactosidase activity than others. All sites yielded at least a two-fold greater virulence response than S. typhimurium grown in brain heart infusion. Salmonella survivors were enumerated as colony forming units (CFU)/ml as plated on a selective medium for the duration of 1 week and β-galactosidase assays were performed to determine a possible correlation between culturable cells and virulence gene expression. Bacterial cells remained viable but decreased after 7 days incubation. In conclusion, water sampled at specific locations and at different times water samples exhibited differences in virulence expression in S. typhimurium.
The infrared spectrum of methylenimine

Abstract Eleven isotopic species of methylenimine have been prepared by the mercury-arc photolysis of methyl azide isolated in argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide matrices at 4 and at 14 K. Sufficient concentrations of methylenimine were obtained for identification of all of the vibrational fundamentals except the NH stretching mode. Using a recent ab initio structural calculation for this molecule, it has been possible to derive a set of valence-force potential constants which provide a satisfactory fit to all of the infrared spectroscopic data. The magnitude of the carbon-nitrogen stretching force constant is appropriate for a double bond. The temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties of methylenimine has also been calculated.
Mechanisms and implications of air pollution particle associations with chemokines

Inflammation induced by inhalation of air pollutant particles has been implicated as a mechanism for the adverse health effects associated with exposure to air pollution. The inflammatory response is associated with upregulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We have previously shown that diesel exhaust particles (DEP), a significant constituent of air pollution particulate matter in many urban areas, bind and concentrate IL-8, an important human neutrophil-attracting chemokine, and that the chemokine remains biologically active. In this report, we examine possible mechanisms of this association and the effects on clearance of the chemokine. The binding appears to be the result of ionic interactions between negatively charged particles and positively charged chemokine molecules, possibly combined with intercalation into small pores in the particles. The association is not limited to diesel exhaust particles and IL-8: several other particle types also adsorb the chemokine and several other cytokines are adsorbed onto the diesel particles. However, there are wide ranges in the effectiveness of various particle types and various cytokines. Finally, male Fisher 344 rats were intratracheally instilled with chemokine alone or combined with diesel exhaust or silica particles under isofluorane anesthesia. In contrast to silica particles, which do not bind the chemokine, the presence of diesel exhaust particles, which bind the chemokine, prolonged the retention of the chemokine.
MULTIPHASE DISPERSION AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY EXPERIMENTS.

Experiments in both Berea sandstone and sandpacks have been conducted to measure dispersion and steady-state relative permeabilities. The dispersion was measured for each phase using radioactive and chemical tracers. A unique feature of this work was the way in which the relative permeabilities and dispersion experiments were combined into essentially the same experiment. This combination of relative permeability-dispersion in each phase experiment with a high concentration, three-phase microemulsion sulfonate formulation is believed to be new, and more directly applicable to commercial surfactant flooding than previously reported experimental results. 31 refs.
Measurement Characteristics of the Group Embedded Figures Test

The results of the present study strongly indicate that the Group Embedded Figures Test has desired measurement characteristics. The results are consistent with previous research, though the present study employed a more sophisticated measurement theory than has typically been employed in past research with the measure: that is, generalizability theory. Furthermore, test and item difficulty and item discrimination coefficients also had desirable values.
Degree of Indistinguishability, Quantum Coherence, and Bose-Einstein Condensation

Thee concept of indistinguishability is the key element in quantum statistics. But, are particles really either indistinguishable or distinguishable? Could there be a grey area? Most works begin with the premise that all the particles, for example, in a quantum gas, are indistinguishable. Can we vary the degree of distinguishability in some controlled, continuous manner and see how it affects the behavior of the quantum gas, such as the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)? We have found a complex parameter with a definite phase that does just that. In a gedanken experiment, we consider two boson gases from two independent sourses A and B. The spins of bosons from A lie at an angle θ with the spins of bosons from B. Let them mix thoroughly in a mixing chamber. As θ is changed from zero, the mixed gas of bosons would divide into two distinct species that undergo BEC individually in two successive stages as the temperature is lowered. At each of these stages is a coexistence-region which consists of a mixture of two thermodynamic phases. These two phases usually referred to as the condensed phase (composed purely of particles of p=0, i.e., the BEC) and the normal phase with p>0 can be likened to the liquid phase and the vapor phase of an ordinary liquid at the liquid-vapor phase transition. The experimental ways to observe the BEC in the two different stages of temperature will be thoroughly discussed.