cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chloride ATPase pumps in nature: do they exist?

Five widely documented mechanisms for chloride transport across biological membranes are known: anion-coupled antiport, Na + and H + -coupled symport, Cl − channels and an electrochemical coupling process. These transport processes for chloride are either secondarily active or are driven by the electrochemical gradient for chloride. Until recently, the evidence in favour of a primary active transport mechanism for chloride has been inconclusive despite numerous reports of cellular Cl − -stimulated ATPases coexisting, in the same tissue, with uphill ATP-dependent chloride transport. Cl − -stimulated ATPase activity is a ubiquitous property of practically all cells with the major location being of mitochondrial origin. It also appears that plasma membranes are sites of Cl − -stimulated ATPase pump activity. Recent studies of Cl − -stimulated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent chloride transport in the same plasma membrane system, including liposomes, strongly suggest a mediation by the ATPase in the net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane structure. Contemporary evidence points to the existence of Cl − -ATPase pumps; however, these primary active transporters exist as either P-, F- or V-type ATPase pumps depending upon the tissue under study.
Presurgical cytoreduction of oral cancer using intra-arterial cisplatin and limited concomitant radiation therapy (Neo-RADPLAT).

Objective To determine the effectiveness of a cytoreduction strategy for oral cancer using a novel trimodal therapy. Methods Prospective analysis of 25 patients treated between October 1995 and June 2000 with a protocol named neo-RADPLAT consisting of 4 weekly intra-arterial infusions of cisplatin (150 mg/m2) and intravenous infusions of sodium thiosulfate (9 g/m2), and concurrent radiation therapy (2 daily doses of 50 Gy) followed by tumor nidusectomy (a conventional surgery) at 8 weeks. Five patients had T2 lesions and 20 patients had T3 lesions; the clinical neck cancer stages were N0 in 12 patients, N1 in 9, and N2 in 4 (2 N2a, 1 N2b, and 1 Nc); and there were 17 tumors of the oral cavity (11 of the oral tongue, 5 of the retromolar trigone, and 1 of the floor of mouth) and 8 of the oropharynx (4 of the tonsillar fossa, 3 of the base of tongue, and 1 of the soft palate). Results Twenty patients (80%) had a complete response to chemoradiation in the primary site and 11 (79%) had a complete response in the neck. Among the 19 patients who had a tumor nidusectomy after chemoradiation, 5 had residual cancer and required a conventional resection. With regard to major toxicity, there were 6 cases of grade 3 and 1 case of grade 4 hematologic effects, 1 case of grade 3 neurologic effect, 1 case of grade 3 gastrointestinal effect, 1 case of grade 5 cardiac effect, as well as 16 cases of grade 3 mucositis. With a median follow-up of 56 months (range, 28-84 months), the 5-year estimates for overall survival, disease-specific survival, and locoregional control were 54%, 64%, and 74%, respectively. Fourteen patients remain without disease, 6 have died of the disease, and 5 have died of other causes. Conclusions Preoperative intra-arterial chemoradiation cytoreduction followed by limited surgery is effective for controlling oral cancer. This tissue-sparing and reduced-radiation strategy may also preserve oral function.
Collusions as interactive resistances and possible stepping-stones out of impasses

Collusion is defined as a resistance between therapist and patient in which the transference and countertransference become interlocked in a tacit agreement to avoid a mutually fantasized catastrophe. Collusions are possible because therapist and patient share an unconscious, fearful remembrance of the breakdown of the function of the primary object. Although usually described as destructive for the treatment, collusions might also protect the psychotherapy by preventing disillusions from occurring too quickly. It is argued that when the therapist has been sufficiently recognized as a container function, the progress of change can continue and often does so by means of a sudden shift generated by changes in the analytic setting. Theory is illustrated with case material from a patient suffering from chronic schizophrenia.
Construct Validity of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and Wide Range Intelligence Test: Convergent and Structural Validity

The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI; Psychological Corporation, 1999) and the Wide Range Intelligence Test (WRIT; Glutting, Adams, & Sheslow, 2000) are two well-normed brief measures of general intelligence with subtests purportedly assessing verbal–crystallized abilities and nonverbal–fluid–visual abilities. With a sample of 152 children, adolescents, and adults, the present study reports meaningful convergent validity coefficients and a latent factor structure consistent with the theoretical intellectual models both tests were constructed to reflect. Consideration of the hierarchical model of intelligence tests and issues regarding test interpretation are presented.
16S rRNA Phylogenetic Investigation of the Candidate Division "Korarchaeota"

The environmental distribution and phylogeny of "Korarchaeota," a proposed ancient archaeal division, was investigated by using the 16S rRNA gene framework. Korarchaeota-specific primers were designed based on previously published sequences and used to screen a variety of environments. Korarchaeota 16S rRNA genes were amplified exclusively from high temperature Yellowstone National Park hot springs and a 9°N East Pacific Rise deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Phylogenetic analyses of these and all available sequences suggest that Korarchaeota exhibit a high level of endemicity.
Growing rate of gain on subsequent feedlot performance, meat, and carcass quality of beef steers

Eighty Angus and Angus × Simmental steer calves were used in a completely random design to determine the effect of rate of BW gain during the backgrounding period on subsequent feedlot perfor- mance, carcass characteristics, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and sensory analysis. Animals were stratified by BW and allotted randomly to 1 of 10 pens (5 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were formu- lated for an ADG of 0.91 kg/d (low BW gain (LG), 1.06 Mcal of NEg/kg) diets and 1.25 kg/d (high BW gain (HG), 1.19 Mcal of NEg/kg). Steers were fed 70 d during the growing period. The LG diet consisted of 52.5% barley silage, 39.0% whole shell corn, and 8.5% supplement, whereas the HG diet contained 43.9% bar- ley silage, 47.4% whole shell corn, and 8.7% supplement (DM basis). Initial BW (226 kg) was not different (P = 0.70) between treatments. Steers fed the HG diet had increased ADG (1.67 vs. 1.40 kg/d; P 0.12) between treatments and averaged 363 kg, Sm 30 , 1.33 cm, 83.8 cm 2 , and 2.7, respectively. There were no differences (P = 0.77; 3.63 ± 0.12 kg) in WBSF tenderness of rib-eye steaks. Percent cooking loss was increased in LG diets (P = 0.017). No differences were observed in consumer sensory analysis of tenderness, juiciness, and flavor intensity (P ≥ 0.276; 5.43 ± 0.12, 5.07 ± 0.13, and 5.17 ± 0.05, respectively). These data suggest that feeding steers diets that differ in energy concentration and result in ADG of 1.4 and 1.7 kg/d during the growing period results in minimal changes in subsequent finishing performance and does not affect meat quality.
Experimental verification of the mechanism of hot-carrier-induced photon emission in n-MOSFETs using an overlapping CCD gate structure

Experimental data are presented to verify the physical mechanism of hot-carrier-induced photon emission in n-MOSFETs. Using MOSFETs with an overlapping CCD gate structure, the multiple gates are biased to create hot-electron populations either at the drain junction or at the interelectrode gap regions. The results show that the magnitudes of the photon-generated minority carriers collected were comparable for hot-carrier-induced photons emitted from the drain junction and from the interelectrode gap regions, although the density of oppositely charged Coulomb centers (i.e. ionized drain dopants) available for bremsstrahlung in the interelectrode gap region is zero. These results show unambiguously that, for above-bandgap low-energy photons, bremsstrahlung of hot electrons in the Coulomb field of oppositely charged centers is not the dominant mechanism responsible for hot-carrier-induced photon emission in n-MOSFETs. >
La intervención humanitaria en catástrofes internacionales desde el punto de vista del factor de personal

Resumen En el presente trabajo se pretende desarrollar una sintesis de los principales ejes o elementos de intervencion psicosocial sobre los cooperantes que participan en las intervenciones de ayuda humanitaria internacional en emergencias. Se senala la seleccion de los mismos, su formacion y entrenamiento y su socializacion como elementos clave de estas intervenciones, sin olvidar las intervenciones tras el evento. Abstract This paper, analysed socialization, formation and personal selection as fundamental instruments of the intervention in catastrophe. Workers of humanitarian organizations are specially considered in this context. The principle caracteristics of resilient persons are, also, considered.
Single phase induction motor drives-a literature survey

This paper deals with a literature survey of various existing power converter topologies, which have been proposed for adjustable-speed single-phase induction motor drives (SPIMD). Included in the paper are several newly proposed power converter topologies. A study of the merit and demerit of different power converter topologies have been carried out. Various converter topologies have been compared in this paper. Among these converter topologies, the adjustable frequency PWM inverter is the best choice for single-phase induction motor drives. However, adjustable-frequency drives have not been widely used with single-phase induction motors. The open-loop constant V/f control law cannot be used with the single-phase induction motor drives as it is used with three phase motors. The variation of the operating frequency at lower speed range with constant load torque causes variation in the motor's slip. A constant V/f control is suitable only over the upper speed range. However, improvements in the low frequency performance require the use of constant power dissipation in the motor. Simulation studies for some of the existing topologies as well as for the proposed ones have been carried out.
Technology for advanced high-performance microprocessors

This paper describes the development of logic technologies that meet the density, performance, power, and manufacturing requirements for advanced high-performance microprocessors. Aggressive scaling of MOS transistor dimensions along with reduced power supply provide devices with high performance, low power, and good reliability. Multiple layers of planarized aluminum interconnect with high aspect ratios are used to address the increasing importance of interconnect density and performance. Static RAM test vehicles with small 6-transistor cell sizes are used to develop these logic technologies and to provide early demonstrations of yield and performance capabilities. The manufacturing strategy includes development group ownership of the technology from inception to early manufacturing ramp, extensive reuse of prior generation process equipment and modules, and a "copy exactly" methodology to ensure successful process startup and ramp in multiple facilities.
A Framework for Evaluating Mobile-to-Mobile Inter-System Interference with Hotspot Considerations for WiMAX TDD Coexistence

This paper proposes a framework for evaluating mobile-to-mobile inter-system interference which occurs between two time division duplex (TDD) WiMAX systems deployed in adjacent frequency blocks and the same geographical area. The need for a new framework arises from inability of the traditional approaches to capture several important factors, such as power control and non-uniform user distribution because of high user density areas (hotspots). Accounting for these aspects becomes essential for accurately quantifying the effect of mobile-to-mobile interference for the purpose of spectrum engineering and system deployment. Based on the proposed framework, the quantitative per user performance degradation was obtained and we are also able to analyze the impact of guard band, frequency coordination between systems and partial synchronization on mobile-to-mobile interference.
Are self-deceivers enhancing positive affect or denying negative affect? Toward an understanding of implicit affective processes

Self-deception is an important construct in social, personality, and clinical literatures. Although historical and clinical views of self-deception have regarded it as defensive in nature and operation, modern views of this individual difference variable instead highlight its apparent benefits to subjective mental health. The present four studies reinforce the latter view by showing that self-deception predicts positive priming effects, but not negative priming effects, in reaction time tasks sensitive to individual differences in affective priming. In all studies, individuals higher in self-deception displayed stronger positive priming effects, defined in terms of facilitation with two positive stimuli in a consecutive sequence, but self-deception did not predict negative priming effects in the same tasks. Importantly, these effects occurred both in tasks that called for the retrieval of self-knowledge (Study 1) and those that did not (Studies 2–4). This broad pattern supports substantive views of self-d...
Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Postmenopausal Estrogen Supplementation: A Cardiologist’s Perspective

ABSTRACT Women live nearly one third of their lives after ovarian function has ceased. The implications of menopause for both health and disease as well as the risks and benefits of hormonal replacement therapy are important considerations in the management of postmenopausal women. The author discusses the relation between menopause and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and evaluates the risks and benefits of hormonal replacement therapy from a cardiologist’s perspective. During menopause, there are changes in the lipid profile that favor the development of CHD. In addition, there is convincing evidence that the risk of CHD increases with surgical menopause and that natural menopause also may signal a period of increasing risk. Data from angiographic and prospective studies suggest that a reduction in CHD risk is associated with estrogen use in postmenopausal women and that a large part of the beneficial effect of estrogen on CHD risk is through changes in the lipid profile. The benefit of hormonal replacement therapy for reduced risk of CHD, however, must be viewed in the setting of the overall risks and benefits of hormonal replacement therapy for each individual patient.
A randomized pilot trial of a videoconference couples communication intervention for advanced GI cancer

Objective This study aims to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a couple-based communication intervention for advanced GI cancer delivered via videoconference. Methods Thirty-two couples were randomly assigned to either couples communication skills training (CCST) or an education comparison intervention, both delivered via videoconference. Participation was limited to couples who reported communication difficulties at screening. Patients and partners completed measures of relationship functioning and individual functioning at baseline and post-intervention. Results Eighty-eight percent of randomized dyads completed all six sessions and reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. Between-group effect sizes suggested that the CCST intervention led to improvements in relationship satisfaction for patients and partners and to improvements in intimacy and communication for patients. Conclusions A couples-based communication intervention delivered via videoconference is feasible and acceptable in the context of advanced cancer. Preliminary findings suggest that the intervention shows promise in contributing to enhanced relationship functioning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Alternate Aggregate Objective Functions on Selecting Target s-Pareto Designs for Modular Products

Natural changes in customer needs over time often necessitate the development of new products. In a previous work by the authors, a 6-step multiobjective optimization-based method was presented to identify modular products that anticipate, account for, and allow for these changes. Part of this 6-step method involves formulating a series of Aggregate Objective Functions to select designs on the s-Pareto frontier that become targets for the product platform and modules developed. In the present paper, three combinations of aggregate objective functions are implemented in this 6-step method for a tri-objective hurricane and flood resistant housing example. The effect of these formulations on the target designs selected is described. The authors conclude that when future needs are unknown or difficult to identify, a combination of substitute objective function and weighted-sum approaches is beneficial.
Some probe experiments on a high energy cesium ion beam

A probe has been developed which is, in effect, a directional Langmuir probe. The directional quality is necessary for use in a beam of high energy ions to eliminate the effects of the streaming ions on the probe operation. This probe has been utilized to measure the back-streaming (albedo) electron component to verify the bottle model of space-charge neutralization. It has also been possible to infer the density of slow ions in the beam created by gas ionization and to infer a value of the cross section for such gas ionization which .agrees with the anticipated value. (auth)
ON SAMPLING INTEGER POINTS IN POLYHEDRA

We investigate the problem of sampling integer points in rational polyhedra provided an oracle for counting these integer points. When dimension is bounded, this assumption is justified in view of a recent algorithm due to Barvinok [B1,B2,BP]. We show that the exactly uniform sampling is possible in full generality, when the oracle is called polynomial number of times. Further, when Barvinok’s algorithm is used, poly-log number of calls suffices.
Trehalose glycopolymers for stabilization of protein conjugates to environmental stressors.

Herein, we report the synthesis of trehalose side chain polymers for stabilization of protein conjugates to environmental stressors. The glycomonomer 4,6-O-(4-vinylbenzylidene)-α,α-trehalose was synthesized in 40% yield over two steps without the use of protecting group chemistry. Polymers containing the trehalose pendent groups were prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using two different thiol-reactive chain transfer agents (CTAs) for subsequent conjugation to proteins through disulfide linkages. The resulting glycopolymers were well-defined, and a range of molecular weights from 4200 to 49 500 Da was obtained. The polymers were conjugated to thiolated hen egg white lysozyme and purified. The glycopolymers when added or covalently attached to protein significantly increased stability toward lyophilization and heat relative to wild-type protein. Up to 100% retention of activity was observed when lysozyme was stressed ten times with lyophilization and 81% act...
Measurement of the Activity of the Reticuloendothelial System

Innate immunity is largely influenced by cellular factors in the animal body. The most important of these is phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The cells and tissues of the RES constitute a vast and widely disseminated apparatus which effectively filters foreign materials from the circulating blood as it passes through organs containing RE tissue (Aschoff, 1924). In this experiment, living bacteria will be used as an indicator to determine where in the body they are removed from the circulation of the mouse (Bull, 1915) (Kerby et al., 1950).
Commissioning of 1 000 MW Unit Ultra-supercritical Tower Boiler

The commissioning of 1 000 MW unit coal fired ultra-supercritical tower boiler is introduced. The boiler cold air test and boiler steam blowing is described in detail. The problem which happened in the starting of the boiler is discussed.
Colonic involvement in pancreatitis

Three cases of colonic stricture associated with acute pancreatitis are reported. Colonic stricture is an unusual complication of acute pancreatitis. In two of the cases colonic stricture resolved on conservative treatment, as it was probably secondary to edema and spasm. Pericolic fibrosis and fixation may produce a lesion which on barium enema may resemble colon carcinoma ("apple-core lesion").
Low-Power Non-Linear Optical Phenomena in Doping Superlattices

We report calculations of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index of semiconductors with doping superlattices as a function of the excitation level. Results for two examples using GaAs and InAs as host materials are presented. We find that the optical properties of these systems are strongly dependent on the light intensities owing to the dependence of the built-in electric fields on the density of photoexcited charge carriers and to their long recombination lifetimes. We discuss briefly possible applications of doping superlattices as non-linear optical devices.
Abstract 1744: Is adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations associated with colorectal cancer in African American women in the Black Women's Health Study

Background: African American women are more likely to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer than women from other racial/ethnic groups. Differences in adherence to cancer prevention recommendations may contribute to disparities. Adherence to cancer prevention guidelines has previously been shown to be associated with lower breast cancer incidence, but previous study populations have included few African Americans. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and colorectal cancer incidence in the Black Women9s Health Study (BWHS). Methods: In this ongoing prospective cohort of African American women (analytic cohort N = 49,103), 354 incident colorectal cancers were diagnosed between baseline (1995) and 2011. Adherence scores for seven WCRF/AICR recommendations (adherent = 1 point, non-adherence level 1 = 0.5 points, non-adherence level 2 = 0 points) were created using questionnaire data and summed to an overall adherence score (maximum = 7). Diet-specific recommendations were additionally summed for a diet only score (maximum = 5). Recommendation adherence and incidence of colorectal cancer combined and colon cancer only were evaluated using baseline and time-varying data in Cox regression models. Results: Guideline adherence was low with 8.5% of women (5.6% among women who later developed colorectal cancer) adhering to more than four recommendations at baseline. Adherence to a greater number of WCRF/AICR recommendations was not statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in time-varying or baseline models. In time-varying analyses, the HR (per 0.5 point increase) was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.84-1.15) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.23-1.10) among women who adhered to >4 compared to 4 vs. 4 vs. Conclusions: Further research in diverse populations is essential to evaluate the validity of existing recommendations, and to assess whether there are alternative recommendations that are more beneficial for colorectal cancer prevention in specific populations. Citation Format: Sarah J. O. Nomura, Chiranjeev Dash, Lynn Rosenberg, Jeffrey Yu, Julie R. Palmer, Lucile L. Adams-Campbell. Is adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations associated with colorectal cancer in African American women in the Black Women9s Health Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1744.
Compression of Spatio-temporal Data

This paper presents an overview of the topics discussed in the advanced seminar on compressing spatio-temporal data. After a brief introduction and motivation, the first focused part of the seminar will address the fundamental techniques for spatio-temporal data compression and their impact on the error in the answers to different queries. Subsequently, a gentle expansion of the scope will address the peculiarities of compressing mobility data in road networks settings and real-time constraints. The third major portion of the seminar will focus on compression-related aspects in several classes of applications -- e.g., tracking in sensor networks, symbolic trajectories, social networks and analytics related (i.e., warehousing). The objective of this advanced seminar is to provide an overview of the techniques and approaches for compressing spatio-temporal data, both in the context of the traditional MOD/STDB settings, as well as other contexts and application-specific scenarios -- e.g., real-time compression, tracking, ad-hoc networks, warehousing, analytics, etc., targeting an audience whose broad research interests are related to the various aspects of managing mobility data.
American Foreign Policy and the 2016 Presidential Election

Voters in the 2016 Presidential election face an unconventional choice. Long gone are the tried and true foreign policy positions voters could count on from Democratic and Republican candidates. In their place are two candidates who represent something different to the electorate. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has expressed a foreign policy vision that embraces a pro-military, muscular approach to the national security challenges the US faces. Far from a progressive set of policies, Clinton has taken positions GOPers can embrace. For his part, Donald Trump has no significant foreign policy experience and has articulated a world view that represents a break with American foreign policy orthodoxy and historic Republican positions. In the pages that follow, the reader will see in clear terms the foreign policy choices they have between Clinton and Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.
Late Quaternary Changes in Lakes, Vegetation, and Climate in the Bonneville Basin Reconstructed from Sediment Cores from Great Salt Lake

Abstract Sediment cores from Great Salt Lake (GSL) provide the basis for reconstructing changes in lakes, vegetation, and climate for the last ~ 40 cal ka. Initially, the coring site was covered by a shallow saline lake and surrounded by Artemisia steppe or steppe-tundra under a cold and dry climate. As Lake Bonneville began to rise (from ~ 30 to 28 cal ka), Pinus and subalpine conifer pollen percentages increased and Artemisia declined, suggesting the onset of wetter conditions. Lake Bonneville oscillated near the Stansbury shoreline between ~ 26 and ~ 24 cal ka, rose to the Bonneville shoreline by ~ 18 cal ka, and then fell to the Provo shoreline, which it occupied until ~ 15 cal ka. Vegetation changed during this time span, albeit not always with the same direction or amplitude as the lake. The pollen percentages of Pinus and subalpine conifers were high from ~ 25 to 21.5 cal ka, indicating cool and moist conditions during the Stansbury oscillation and for much of the rise toward the Bonneville shoreline. Pinus percentages then decreased and Artemisia became codominant, suggesting drier and perhaps colder conditions from ~ 21 to ~ 15 cal ka, when Lake Bonneville was at or near its highest levels. Lake Bonneville declined to a low level by ~ 13 cal ka, while Pinus pollen percentages increased, indicating that conditions remained cooler and moister than today. During the Younger Dryas interval, the brief Gilbert episode rise in lake level was followed by a shallow lake with a stratified water column. This lake rise occurred as Pinus pollen percentages were declining and those of Artemisia were rising (reflecting increasingly dry conditions), after which Artemisia pollen was at very high levels (suggesting cold and dry conditions) for a brief period. Since ~ 10.6 cal ka lacustrine conditions have resembled those of present-day GSL. Pollen spectra for the period from ~ 10.6 to 7.2 cal ka have low levels of conifer pollen and high (for the Holocene) levels of desert and steppe taxa, suggesting generally dry conditions with maximum aridity occurring prior to the deposition of the Mazama tephra (~ 7.6 cal ka). After ~ 10.6 cal ka, Juniperus pollen percentages began to increase and by ~ 7.2 cal ka juniper woodlands were well established on lower mountain slopes. From ~ 7 to 4 cal ka, pollen percentages fluctuated near their mean values for the entire Holocene. The neopluvial (~ 4 to 2 cal ka) was the wettest part of the Holocene, with higher levels of Juniperus pollen and lower levels for steppe and desert taxa than in older Holocene sediments. Pollen percentages for the last ~ 2 cal ka are variable, but generally indicate a return to drier conditions.
Evidence of Selective Mating and Triploidy Among Two Social Forms of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Summary A number of important behavioral and physiological traits distinguish both social forms of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and correlate with the Gp-9 locus within a supergene complex. These traits include fat body content, number of colony queens, dispersal, ability to initiate new colonies, size of workers, selective mortality, etc. Previous studies suggested gene flow between both social forms is unidirectional, with monogyne males mating almost exclusively with polygyne females. This study examined the genotypes of queens and their stored sperm during a mating flight in Florida where polygyne colonies predominate, and provides evidence of non-random mating; 84.6% of inseminated polygyne queens were mated to males of their own social form, and 92.4% of inseminated monogyne queens were mated by haploid males from monogyne colonies. Fertile, diploid males with unreduced sperm may be a cause for the high frequency of triploid BB alates (26.7%) and triploid polygyne alates (33.3%...
Multi-omic approaches for characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Multi-omic approaches offer the opportunity to characterize complex diseases such as cancer at various molecular levels. In this paper, we present transcriptomic, proteomic/glycoproteomic, glycomic, and metabolomic (TPGM) data we acquired by analysis of liver tissues from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and patients with liver cirrhosis. We evaluated changes in the levels of transcripts, proteins, glycans, and metabolites between tumor and cirrhotic tissues by statistical methods. We demonstrated the potential of multi-omic approaches and network analysis to investigate the interactions among these biomolecules in the progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC. Also, we showed the significance of multi-omic approaches to identify pathways altered in HCC.
Human hunters and nonhuman predators: Fundamental differences.

The article in PNAS entitled, “How constraints affect the hunter’s decision to shoot a deer,” (1) develops and tests an extremely useful model of the way deer hunters behave in Norway. The authors, Diekert et al. (1), find that hunters, constrained by the number of deer that they can kill, by the number of days that they can hunt, and by social norms, adjust their selectivity regarding the animals they shoot. As costs rise and constraints tighten, they become less selective in the manner predicted by an optimal stopping model (2). The analysis also recognizes that objectives (recreation, provision of meat, or deer population reduction) differ among hunters, and that such differences affect the hunters’ selections of deer prey. These findings should generalize qualitatively to hunters from other nations and of other game. The article spurs the reader to ponder similarities and differences between hunters (hereafter, humans) and predators (hereafter, nonhumans). This commentary focuses on some significant differences between hunters and predators, and between their effects on their prey populations. Diekert et al. (1) observe that large carnivores, which are the natural predators in many wildlife populations, are now well below equilibrium levels in many industrial countries, and that hunters provide the predominant preying control on wildlife populations. They observe, as well, that hunters, by their selectivity and ability to kill at far above natural rates, produce far different effects on prey species than would their natural predators. However, there is a counterbalance to hunters’ outsized killing capability. Humans can impose regulations on themselves (e.g., catch limits, prohibitions on taking animals of a certain size or gender, hunting seasons) and can establish and adhere to social norms. The response to such limitations is the … [↵][1]1Email: richard_zeckhauser{at}harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Using High-Resolution Simulations to Quantify Underestimates of Tornado Intensity from In Situ Observations

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations are used to produce realistic, high-resolution depictions of near-surface winds in translating tornadoes. The translation speed, swirl ratio, and vertical forcing are varied to provide a range of vortex intensities and structural types. Observation experiments are then performed in which the tornadoes are passed over groups of simulated sensors. Some of the experiments use indestructible, error-free anemometers while others limit the range of observable wind speeds to mimic the characteristics of damage indicators specified in the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. Also, in some of the experiments the sensors are randomly placed while in others they are positioned in regularly spaced columns perpendicular to the vortex tracks to mimic field project deployments.Statistical analysis of the results provides quantitative insight into the limitations of tornado intensity estimates based on damage surveys or in situ measurements in rural or semirural areas. The mean negative bias relativ...
A giant left atrial thrombus.

A 57-year-old woman with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus type 2, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), porcine mitral valve replacement and dilated cardiomyopathy requiring an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator presented with palpitation for 2 days. She had tiny left atrial thrombus (LAT), which resolved completely with warfarin 6 months ago. She was not in compliance with warfarin thereafter. Physical examination had no evidence for systemic embolisations and cardiovascular examination was unremarkable. ECG showed AF with rapid ventricular response of 132 beats per minutes. Chest X-ray …
A deep architecture for face recognition based on multiple feature extraction techniques

Some of the best current face recognition approaches use feature extraction techniques based on either Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Autoencoder (non-linear PCA), etc. While each of these feature techniques works fairly well, we propose to combine multiple feature extractors with deep learning in a system so that the overall face recognition accuracy can be improved. The output from multiple feature extractions is classified using a deep learning approach. Deep learning algorithms possess high capability to learn more complex functions in order to handle difficult computer vison tasks. Our proposed method integrates the output of three different feature extractors, specifically PCA, LBP+PCA, and dimensionality reduction of LBP features using a Neural Network (NN). The features from the above three techniques are concatenated to form a joint feature vector. This feature vector is fed into a deep Sacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSA) as a classifier to generate the recognition results. Our proposed approach is evaluated by ORL and AR face databases. The experimental results indicate that our system outperforms existing ones based on individual feature techniques as well as reported systems employing multiple feature types.
Detection of Cocaine and Metabolites in Bone Following Decomposition Using 2D LC-MS-MS.

Introduction In forensic toxicology, challenges exist with quantification analysis of cocaine and metabolites in postmortem samples following extensive decomposition. Alternative matrices, such as bone could prove useful when other specimens are not available. Detection and quantification of drugs in complex matrices require time-consuming extraction processes. The objective of this study was to develop a robust extraction and clean-up methodology to efficiently extract cocaine, and its metabolites, in bone and reach target limits of detection using multidimensional chromatography. Materials and methods Under an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol, rat specimens underwent a 10-12 weeks chronic intravenous self-administration of cocaine with average daily dosages ranging 13-19 mg/kg. This was followed by a 6-week period of abstinence, followed again by a 3-week period of cocaine self-administration before being euthanized. Fourteen cocaine positive rats were placed at the Boston University Forensic Anthropology Outdoor Research Facility (Holliston, MA, USA) for a period of 12 months. Skeletal remains were collected for testing as well as drug-free control rats. After homogenization of whole bones, the extraction process was performed using a mixed mode reversed-phase/ion exchange sorbent with an extraction time of 1 h followed by analysis using a 2D liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry which allowed for direct injection of the eluent without evaporation or reconstitution. The analysis was performed using 100 μL of the final methanol extracts. Results The limit of quantitation for cocaine and benzoylecgonine was measured at 0.05ng/g and for ecgonine methyl ester it was 0.1ng/g. The analytical method for cocaine gave a linear dynamic range of 0.05-10ng/g with an R2 = 0.998. Conclusions The microextraction protocol combined with a multidimensional chromatography used in this study decreased sample preparation time without sacrificing the quality seen with current single dimension chromatography techniques.
Quantified effects of artificial versus natural nighttime lighting on the Eurasian grasses Bothriochloa bladhii (Poaceae) and Bothriochloa ischaemum (Poaceae) and the North American grasses Panicum virgatum (Poaceae) and Sorghastrum nutans (Poaceae)1

Artificial nighttime lighting (light pollution) is increasing worldwide and may have undocumented consequences. In this study, we asked if artificial nighttime lighting affects the performance in monoculture of four grass species: the Eurasian Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake (Poaceae), and Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng (Poaceae); and the North American Panicum virgatum (L.) (Poaceae), and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Poaceae). We conducted a field pot experiment to test for the effects of artificial nighttime lighting and plant density on height, biomass, and leaf number. Height of the tallest individual per population was affected by separate interactions between species and density, light, and time. Final total biomass per individual biomass was increased under nighttime lighting, but more so at low density. Leaf number was increased by artificial nighttime lighting irrespective of species. These results suggest that artificial nighttime lighting may have previously undocumented influences on plant height, biomass, and leaf number within certain species. These findings warrant more in-depth studies into the role that artificial nighttime lighting can have on various plant species.
Mixed-income green housing in St George, Staten Island:

This proposal sets out to find which policy measure pertaining to affordable housing would be most successful in revitalizing the St George neighborhood on Staten Island. St George has dealt with issues such as a lagging commercial district, difficulty drawing people to the neighborhood, homelessness, and a stagnant housing market. The emergence of affordable green housing units, mixed-income housing developments, and community-based initiatives focused on urban neighborhoods have become increasingly successful pieces in economic and infrastructural development throughout major urban areas. This paper will use scholarly research focusing on the role sustainably built affordable housing, mixed-income housing units, and community-based housing initiatives have in revitalizing urban neighborhoods. Findings from this study reveal that the introduction of mixed-income green housing units in urban areas can be successful in raising the socioeconomic standard of living within designated neighborhoods. It is sugg...
Adrenal Crisis Triggered by Endogenous Thyrotoxicosis: Case Series

Objective: Describe a group of patients who presented with thyrotoxicosis and were also found to have adrenal insufficiency. Methods: Patient cases were collected over the past year at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Their clinical, laboratory, exam, and imaging findings are presented along with a review of the literature. Results: Four patients presented to the emergency room with thyrotoxicosis and were diagnosed with concomitant adrenal insufficiency; three of the four were found to have adrenal crisis at presentation. Patient 1 was diagnosed with recurrent Graves thyrotoxicosis, then was subsequently diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency due to lymphocytic hypophysitis. Patients 2 through 4 were given a new diagnosis of Graves thyrotoxicosis, then were subsequently found to also have primary adrenal insufficiency. Conclusion: It is important to recognize the possibility of adrenal insufficiency in patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism who have an atypical presentation. Thyroto...
Predictors of a drainable suppurative adenitis among children presenting with cervical adenopathy.

Abstract Objectives We sought to identify predictors for a drainable suppurative adenitis [DSA] among patients presenting with acute cervical lymphadenitis. Methods A retrospective cross sectional study of all patients admitted to an urban pediatric tertiary care emergency department over a 15 year period. Otherwise healthy patients who underwent imaging for an evaluation of cervical lymphadenitis were included. Cases were identified using a text-search module followed by manual review. We excluded immunocompromised patients and those with lymphadenopathy felt to be not directly infected (i.e. reactive) or that was not acute (symptom duration >28 days). Data collected included: age, gender, duration of symptoms, highest recorded temperature, physical exam findings, laboratory and imaging results, and surgical findings. A DSA was defined as >1.5 cm in diameter on imaging. We performed binary logistic regression to determine independent clinical predictors of a DSA. Results Three hundred sixty-one patients met inclusion criteria. Three hundred six patients (85%) had a CT scan, 55 (15%) had an ultrasound and 33 (9%) had both. DSA was identified in 71 (20%) patients. Clinical features independently associated with a DSA included absence of clinical pharyngitis, WBC >15,000/mm3, age ≤3 years, anterior cervical chain location, largest palpable diameter on exam >3 cm and prior antibiotic treatment of >24 h. The presence of fever, skin erythema, or fluctuance on examination, was not found to be predictive of DSA. Conclusions We identified independent predictors of DSA among children presenting with cervical adenitis. Risk can be stratified into risk groups based on these clinical features.
Case 20: Zone I Open Globe Repair with Secondary Removal of Lens Using a Pars Plana Approach

A 54-year-old man presented with a limbus-to-limbus, stellate Zone I open globe injury of the left eye following a penetrating injury from projectile wooden material. The patient underwent repair of his open globe injury and required secondary lensectomy through pars plana approach 10 days later. The patient developed cystoid macular edema that improved with a long course of topical treatment, achieving a final visual acuity of 20/80+ with a rigid gas permeable contact lens.
An Updated Review of Oral Cancer Stem Cells and Their Stemness Regulation

Cancer stem cells (CSCs; also known as tumor-initiating cells) are a small population of cancer cells that retain characteristics similar to those of normal stem cells. CSCs are known to be responsible for metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer recurrence. Thus, controlling CSCs may provide an effective therapeutic intervention that inhibits tumor growth and aggressiveness. Despite the importance of targeting CSCs in cancer therapy, the detailed nature of oral CSCs remains underexplored. This article reviews the current understanding of oral CSCs, with emphasis on recent advances in novel signaling pathways involved in their stemness regulation.
Controlling, Understanding, and Redirecting the Thermal Rearrangement of 3,3-Dicyano-1,5-enynes.

The thermal [3,3] rearrangement of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-enynes to γ-allenyl alkylidenemalononitriles (the “enyne Cope rearrangement”) has largely eluded synthetic value as the desired products, too, are thermally reactive and ultimately yield 6π electrocyclization products. Herein, we describe experimental and computational studies related to the thermal rearrangement of 1,5-enynes, structural features to halt the thermal rearrangement at the allene stage, and a reductive variant for preparing bifunctional allenyl malononitriles. We also describe various ways that the bifunctional building blocks can be manipulated and converted to cyclic and acyclic architectures.