cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Digestibility of Common Feedstuffs in Extruded Diets for Sunshine Bass Morone chrysops♀×M. saxatilis ♂

The digestibility of nutrients and energy in various ingredients to fish is affected by a variety of factors including ingredient quality and processing. Limited information is available regarding the digestibility of nutrients in feedstuffs for sunshine bass Morone chrysops♀×M. saxatilis♂. This information is particularly needed to improve the accuracy of diet formulations and allow appropriate substitution of feedstuffs. Therefore, a study was conducted with advanced sunshine bass fingerlings (50–75 g) to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for protein, lipid, carbohydrate, gross energy, and organic matter in a variety of feedstuffs in extrusion-processed diets. Included in the study were low-temperature processed menhaden fish meal (Select®), meat and bone meal, fish meal analog (PROPAK™) dehulled soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn grain, sorghum, wheat flour, wheat middlings, and rice bran. Test diets consisted of a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (0.8%) as the inert marker. Reference and test diet ingredients were mixed in a commercial ribbon blender, preconditioned and extruded on a Wenger X-20 to produce a neutrally buoyant pellet (5 mm). The digestibility trials were conducted in six 600-L rectangular tanks connected as a closed recirculating brackish (5–7 ppt) water system. Diets were randomly assigned to tanks of 45–50 sunshine bass and fed twice daily to satiation. Feedstuffs of high-protein and high-lipid content were better digested by sunshine bass than feedstuffs of high carbohydrate or high fiber content. Organic matter digestibility ranged from 42% for both sorghum and corn to 96% and 98% for meat and bone meal and Select™ menhaden fish meal, respectively. Select™ menhaden fish meal and meat and bone meal appeared to be the best Ingredients for sunshine bass diets in terms of overall nutrient profiles and digestibility of nutrients. The fish meal analog did not perform as favorably as the other two animal products. Protein and lipid of cottonseed meal were highly available to sunshine bass with ADCs of 85% and 92%, respectively. Protein digestibility was high for soybean meal (77%), whereas the digestibility of organic matter (51%), lipid (54%), carbohydrate (25%) and energy (56%) in this feedstuff was moderately low. Energy in wheat middlings and wheat also was moderately available at 67% and 59%, respectively. Energy in sorghum and corn was much less available at 44% and 40%, respectively. Digestibility of nutrients and energy in rice bran exceeded 90%. Use of this information should aid the development of more efficient and economical diet formulations for sunshine bass.
Preparation for the School-to-Work Transition: The Views of High School Students

Abstract This study sought to identify those factors that facilitate readiness for the transition from high school to work. Using an open-ended interview, the authors obtained narrative data from 17 high school juniors from two diverse school systems. A systematic, discovery-oriented, qualitative analysis strategy revealed that the availability of work-based learning, supportive adults, and an active orientation to the adult world were associated with objective aspects of readiness (work-related skills and planning). In addition, new hypotheses were generated suggesting that becoming “ready” may occur via multiple pathways. Furthermore, the use of resources, whether motivated by anxiety or interest, was associated with clearer transitional plans. Less clearly evident in these findings were those factors that might lead to psychological readiness in terms of optimism and resilience. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to theory, research, and practice.
Gonadal Steroids: Effects on Excitability of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells

Electrophysiological field potentials from hippocampal slices of rat brain show sex-linked differences in response to 1 X 10(-10)M concentrations of estradiol and testosterone added to the incubation medium. Slices from male rats show increased excitability to estradiol and not to testosterone. Slices from female rats are not affected by estradiol, but slices from female rats in diestrus show increased excitability in response to testosterone whereas slices from females in proestrus show decreased excitability.
Convective Contribution to Total Conductivity in Fixed‐Charge Ionic Systems

A theory is presented for the contribution of convective (electro‐osmotic) flow to the total electric current in fixed‐charge ionic systems. Although the approximations used are severe, no assumption is made as to the geometrical structure of the system; in particular, the existence of capillary pores is not assumed. The result shows that convective flow contributes to the retardation effect of the fixed charges on the mobility of the counterions; moreover, the contribution is such as to suggest the possibility of measuring, in isolation from other factors, the dependence of the counterion self‐diffusion coefficient on interactions with the fixed charges.
On the roles of minimization and linearization in least-squares finite element models of nonlinear boundary-value problems

In this paper we examine the roles of minimization and linearization in the least-squares finite element formulations of nonlinear boundary-values problems. The least-squares principle is based upon the minimization of the least-squares functional constructed via the sum of the squares of appropriate norms of the residuals of the partial differential equations (in the present case we consider L"2 norms). Since the least-squares method is independent of the discretization procedure and the solution scheme, the least-squares principle suggests that minimization should be performed prior to linearization, where linearization is employed in the context of either the Picard or Newton iterative solution procedures. However, in the least-squares finite element analysis of nonlinear boundary-value problems, it has become common practice in the literature to exchange the sequence of application of the minimization and linearization operations. The main purpose of this study is to provide a detailed assessment on how the finite element solution is affected when the order of application of these operators is interchanged. The assessment is performed mathematically, through an examination of the variational setting for the least-squares formulation of an abstract nonlinear boundary-value problem, and also computationally, through the numerical simulation of the least-squares finite element solutions of both a nonlinear form of the Poisson equation and also the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The assessment suggests that although the least-squares principle indicates that minimization should be performed prior to linearization, such an approach is often impractical and not necessary.
A causal explanation for quantum phenomena in macroscopic physics

The dynamics underlying quantum theory for macroscopic physics is based on the topology of flows on a cusp catastrophe obtained by the minimization of a potential function. By this relation at a known potential energy, a causal explanation of the quantum effect is provided.
AN OVERVIEW: REHABILITATION OF OIL CONTAMINATED BIRDS

ABSTRACT This illustrated talk reviews twenty years of efforts of oiled bird rehabilitation in this country and abroad. The internal and external effects of oil on waterbirds are presented. Planning for oil spill crises, agency interactions following an oil spill, and techniques for dealing with the public and media are discussed.
Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) blastomeres

Cryopreservation of sperm is an important component of genetic conservation programs for fish. However, since fish eggs or embryos cannot be successfully cryopreserved and since the mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, the mitochondrial genomes of fish populations are presently not being preserved in these programs. One method of obtaining eggs from stored materials would be to cryopreserve embryonic cells that could later be transplanted into female recipient embryos, forming chimeras; a proportion of these transplanted cells would be expected to enter the germ line and subscquently develop into eggs. The hypothesis of this study is that isolated blastomeres of rainbow trout can be successfully cryopreserved and thawed. The objective of this investigation was to determine if the rate of cooling or the type of container alters cryopreservation success. Isolated blastomeres in a freezing solution containing 8.7% DMSO were subjected to one of two different cooling rates in either 0.5 ml French semen straws or cryovials. Thawed samples were examined using phase contrat microscopy, wkh cells scored as being either intact or non-intact. In the nonfrozen control group, 85.4%f 7.6 ( ± S.D.) of the blastomeres were intact. There was no significant difference between the cooling rates used in this investigation based on the proportion of intact cells, but there was a significant (p 16.5) and those frozen in cryovials (19.4% ± 4.9).
Template-free electrochemical synthesis of tin nanostructures

One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, often referred to as nanowires, have attracted considerable attention due to their unique mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. Although numerous novel technological applications are being proposed for these structures, many of the processes used to synthesize these materials involve a vapor phase and require high temperatures and long growth times. Potentially faster methods requiring templates, such as anodized aluminum oxide, involve multiple fabrication steps, which would add significantly to the cost of the final material and may preclude their widespread use. In the present study, it is shown that template-free electrodeposition from an alkaline solution can produce arrays of Sn nanoneedles directly onto Cu foil substrates. This electrodeposition process occurs at 55 °C; it is proposed that the nanoneedles grow via a catalyst-mediated mechanism. In such a process, the growth is controlled at the substrate/nanostructure interface rather than resulting from random plating-induced defects such as dendrites or aging defects such as tin whiskers. There are multiple potential applications for 1D Sn nanostructures—these include anodes in lithium-ion and magnesium-ion batteries and as thermal interface materials. To test this potential, type 2032 lithium-ion battery button cells were fabricated using the electrodeposited Sn. These cells showed initial capacities as high as 850 mAh/g and cycling stability for over 200 cycles.
Ovarian steroids modify the behavioral and neurochemical responses of the central benzodiazepine receptor

The effect of ovarian steroids on the benzodiazepine receptor was assessed in the elevated plus-maze and, after restraint stress, in benzodiazepine receptor binding assays. Vehicle-treated proestrous rats displayed anxiolytic behavior, relative to diestrous or estrous rats. Anxiolytic behavior was observed after 1 or 2 mg/kg diazepam in diestrus and estrus. However, whereas 4 mg/kg increased open arm exploration in diestrus, a decrease in the same measure was found at estrus. At proestrus, a decrease in anxiolytic behavior was observed after 2 and 4 mg/kg. In ovariectomized vehicletreated rats, restraint stress increased NaCl-induced potentiation of3H-flunitrazepam binding in cortical and cerebellar, but not in hippocampal membranes. Estradiol benzoate (2 µg) prevented the potentiation of flunitrazepam binding by NaCl in nonstressed and stressed animals, whereas progesterone (0.5 mg) increased the NaCl-induced potentiation of flunitrazepam binding in both nonstressed and stressed animals. Combined estradiol benzoate and progesterone treatment produced effects that were intermediate to those seen after injection of either steroid alone. The potentiation of flunitrazepam binding by NaCl observed in vehicle-treated stressed or progesterone-treated nonstressed animals was mimicked in vitro by addition to reaction test tubes of the neuroactive metabolite of progesterone, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone). These results point to a significant role of ovarian hormones in modifying the stress response of the benzodiazepine receptor.
Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Thermogenesis in Beige Fat

Beige adipocytes are a morphologically distinct type of fat cell that develop within white fat depots upon exposure to cold or high fat diet. These cells have emerged as a major contributor to adaptive thermogenenesis and control of obesity, along with brown fat, a classic thermogenic tissue. Indeed, similarly to brown adipocytes, beige adipocytes have been shown to express mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is known to convert ATP into heat by increasing the passive proton (H+) leak of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, the mechanisms of mitochondrial uncoupling and thermogenesis in beige fat as well as the relative contribution of UCP1 still remain unclear.Here we developed a method for isolation of a pure population of beige adipocyte mitochondria from white fat depots and for the first time directly characterized the mechanism of mitochondrial uncoupling in beige fat using the mitochondrial patch-clamp. We demonstrate that the inner membrane of beige fat mitochondria has very large H+ conductance comparable to that found in brown fat. This H+ conductance was fatty-acid dependent, inhibited by purine nucleotides, and disappeared completely in UCP1(-/-) mice. We conclude that UCP1 is responsible for mitochondrial uncoupling in beige fat, and that the thermogenic capacity of beige fat is similar to that of brown fat. This observation also confirms that beige adipocytes significantly contribute to adaptive thermogenesis, which makes them an attractive therapeutic target to treat obesity.
Differential expression of cancer-related proteins in paired breast milk samples from women with breast cancer.

Background:Breast cancer risk increases during pregnancy and remains elevated for a number of years thereafter. Cancer-associated proteins that are secreted into breast milk may provide a means to detect cancer in the lactating breast or to assess future breast cancer risk.Objective:To determine whether proteins linked to breast cancer would be differentially expressed in matched (both breasts from each participant) human milk samples collected from women with unilateral breast cancer.Methods:Five cancer-associated proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], YKL-40, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and transforming growth factor β1 and β2) were analyzed in milk provided by 5 lactating women, 4 of whom were known to have cancer in 1 breast (and the opposite breast clinically disease free) at the time of milk collection and 1 who developed breast cancer 2 years after milk collection.Results:Expression was significantly higher for TGFβ2 (P = .03) and bFGF (P =.03) in the breasts with cancer.C...
Sun Yat-sen and Women's Transformation

In spite of voluminous studies of Sun Yat-sen, little has been written about his attitudes toward the transformation of modern Chinese women and his role in this important aspect of modern Chinese history.1 This is an area yet to be explored, in order to achieve a better understanding of both Sun and modern Chinese history. However, it is impossible to cover the entire subject in a short paper. This paper attempts only to discuss Sun's earlier views on women's issues. It will also analyze the process of his compromises when ideals and practical tactics came into conflict during the first year of the Republic of China.
A time series analysis framework for transportation infrastructure management

We present an integrated framework to address performance prediction and maintenance optimization for transportation infrastructure facilities. The framework is based on formulating the underlying resource allocation problem as discrete-time, stochastic optimal control problem with linear dynamics and a quadratic criterion. Facility deterioration is represented as a time series which provides an attractive and rigorous approach to specify and estimate performance models. The state and decision variables in the framework are continuous which allows the framework to overcome important computational and statistical limitations that do not allow existing optimization models to address various problems that arise the management of transportation infrastructure. To illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach, we conduct a numerical study where we examine the case of multiple technologies being used simultaneously to collect condition data. Specifically, we illustrate how the framework can be used to quantify the effect of the capabilities of inspection technologies, i.e., precision, accuracy and relationships, on life-cycle costs. This information can be used to compute the operational value of combining technologies, and thus, to guide in their selection based on economic criteria.
Structural test for intermolecular force models of crystalline HC1

(1981). Structural test for intermolecular force models of crystalline HC1. Molecular Physics: Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1451-1457.
Use of contingent vibration in the treatment of self-stimulatory hand-mouthing and ruminative vomiting behavior

Abstract This report describes the treatment of self-stimulatory hand-mouthing and ruminative vomiting in a 6-year-old profoundly retarded boy using vibratory stimulation during a complete ABAB reversal design. Complete elimination of both target behaviors occurred after only 11 days of treatment. Treatment gains generalized to non-treatment settings and were maintained over a 1 year follow-up period.
Complex wavenumber Fourier analysis of the p-version finite element method

High-order finite element discretizations of the reduced wave equation have frequency bands where the solutions are harmonic decaying waves. In these so called “stopping” bands, the solutions are not purely propagating (real wavenumbers) but are attenuated (complex wavenumbers). In this paper we extend the standard dispersion analysis technique to include complex wavenumbers. We then use this complex Fourier analysis technique to examine the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of the p-version finite element method. Practical guidelines are reported for phase and amplitude accuracy in terms of the spectral order and the number of elements per wavelength.
Spin-charge-lattice coupling through resonant multimagnon excitations in multiferroic BiFeO3

Spin-charge-lattice coupling mediated by multimagnon processes is demonstrated in multiferroic BiFeO3. Experimental evidence of two- and three-magnon excitations as well as multimagnon coupling at electronic energy scales and high temperatures are reported. Temperature dependent Raman experiments show up to five resonant enhancements of the two-magnon excitation below the Neel temperature. These are shown to be collective interactions between on-site Fe d-d electronic resonance, phonons, and multimagnons.
Doppler-free ion imaging of hydrogen molecules produced in bimolecular reactions

Abstract We report on the use of two-color Doppler-free [(1 + 1′) + 1/1′] resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) for three-dimensional imaging of state-selected product molecules from bimolecular reactions. We demonstrate the viability of this method by measuring differential cross sections for the reaction H + D 2 → D + HD( v ′ = 1, j ′ = 1,5,8) at 1.7 eV collision energy. We achieve higher resolution allowing us to observe oscillations that were not resolved by previous experiments; these oscillations agree closely with quantum mechanical calculations.
Robustness of the vacuum wave function and other matters for Yang-Mills theory

In the first part of this paper, we present a set of simple arguments to show that the two-dimensional gauge anomaly and the ($2+1$)-dimensional Lorentz symmetry determine the leading Gaussian term in the vacuum wave function of ($2+1$)-dimensional Yang-Mills theory. This is to highlight the robustness of the wave function and its relative insensitivity to the choice of regularizations. We then comment on the correspondence with the explicit calculations done in earlier papers. We also make some comments on the nature of the gauge-invariant configuration space for Euclidean three-dimensional gauge fields (relevant to ($3+1$)-dimensional Yang-Mills theory).
Writing and Retelling Multiple Ethnographic Tales of a Soup Kitchen for the Homeless

In this article, the authors narrate three tales about a soup kitchen for the homeless and near-homeless. The authors begin with the realist tale to provide a cultural, ethnographic analysis of the culture of the soup kitchen. The confessional tale emerged from the realist tale, as the authors reflected on their fieldwork experiences and shared their ethnographic study with their qualitative research classes. As the authors presented the study to social justice researchers after leaving the field, the critical tale emerged, leading the authors to interrogate their realist and confessional tales and consider the broader political, social, economic, and symbolic implications of their work. This text also describes how multiple ethnographic tales emerge and are further shaped by the retelling of those tales.
The current status of auditory brainstem response testing in neonatal populations.

Summary: The use of auditory brainstem response (ABR) for assessment of hearing in the neonate has not been without challenge. Although numerous articles have appeared, agreement regarding the utility of neonatal ABR testing does not exist. In review of the current studies and commentaries, a clear majority are favorable to neonatal ABR testing. These studies along with current test procedures are discussed.
Remembering Phillip H. Smith on his 100/sup th/ birthday

Phillip H. Smith, inventor of the well-known Smith chart, died in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, on August 29, 1987, at the age of 82. Numerous biographical articles have already been published about Smith, his life, his chart, and his other achievements. The goal of this biographical article is to help us remember Smith on his 100/sup th/ birthday.
Detectability of acid producing reactions in natural clouds

Abstract Oxidation reactions of SO 2 and NO 2 in clouds are considered important atmospheric acid formation processes. This paper evaluates the feasibility of detecting the occurrence of these oxidation reactions in natural clouds by means of field measurements. This evaluation is performed by calculating the changes expected in reagent and product concentrations resulting from these reactions in representative cloud types, and comparing those changes with concentration differences detectable by available analytical methods in the context of typical atmospheric variability. Four in-cloud oxidation reactions are considered: aqueous-phase reactions of SO 2 with O 3 and with H 2 O 2 , and gas-phase reactions of NO 2 with OH radical and with O 3 , the latter leading to acid formation by reaction of N 2 O 5 with cloud liquid water. The cloud types considered are fog, stratus, cumulus and mountain lee wave. This evaluation indicates that oxidation of SO 2 by H 2 O 2 should be detectable in a wide variety of cloud conditions, but that oxidation of SO 2 by O 3 is unlikely to be detected by field measurements. Oxidation of NO 2 may be detectable in fog and stratus clouds, which provide long in-cloud residence times. The paper includes discussion of factors which favor or hinder detection of acid producing reactions in clouds, and reviews evidence from published field studies on the occurrence of these reactions.
Civil-Military Relations in the Second Constitutional Period, 1908–1918

The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 set in motion radical transformations in many fields, including that of civil-military relations. Whereas in the wake of the revolution the military establishment aspired to reassert its role as a power-broker, the para-military Committee of Union and Progress used the opportunity to blur the boundaries between the civilian and military spheres and to place the army under its domination.
Nicotine replacement, effective?

The conclusions of Moore and colleagues about nicotine replacement therapy seem to be slanted.1 With a long term smoking cessation percentage of …
The proteomic response to mutants of the Escherichia coli RNA degradosome

The Escherichia coli RNA degradosome recognizes and degrades RNA through the coordination of four main protein components, the endonuclease RNase E, the exonuclease PNPase, the RhlB helicase and the metabolic enzyme enolase. To help our understanding of the functions of the RNA degradosome, we quantified expression changes of >2300 proteins using mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics in E. coli strains deficient in rhlB, eno, pnp (which displays temperature sensitive growth), or rne(1-602) which encodes a C-terminal truncation mutant of RNase E and is deficient in degradosome assembly. Global protein expression changes are most similar between the pnp and rhlB mutants, confirming the functional relationship between the genes. We observe down-regulation of protein chaperones including GroEL and DnaK (which associate with the degradosome), a decrease in translation related proteins in Δpnp, ΔrhlB and rne(1-602) cells, and a significant increase in the abundance of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Analysis of the observed proteomic changes points to a shared motif, CGCTGG, that may be associated with RNA degradosome targets. Further, our data provide information on the expression modulation of known degradosome-associated proteins, such as DeaD and RNase G, as well as other RNA helicases and RNases – suggesting or confirming functional complementarity in some cases. Taken together, our results emphasize the role of the RNA degradosome in the modulation of the bacterial proteome and provide the first large-scale proteomic description of the response to perturbation of this major pathway of RNA degradation.
Virtual lesion of angular gyrus disrupts the relationship between visuoproprioceptive weighting and realignment

Posterior parietal cortex is thought to be involved in multisensory processes such as sensory weighting how much different modalities are represented in sensory integration and realignment recalibrating the estimates given by unisensory inputs relative to each other, e.g., when viewing the hand through prisms. Sensory weighting and realignment are biologically independent but can be correlated such that the lowest-weighted modality realigns most. This is important for movement precision because it results in the brain's estimate of hand position favoring the more reliable higher-weighted modality. It is unknown if this interaction is an emergent property of separate neural pathways for weighting and realignment or if it is actively mediated by a common substrate. We applied disruptive TMS to the angular gyrus near the intraparietal sulcus PGa before participants performed a task with misaligned visual and proprioceptive information about hand position. Visuoproprioceptive weighting and realignment were unaffected. However, the relationship between weighting and realignment, found in control conditions, was absent after TMS in the angular gyrus location. This suggests that a specific region in the angular gyrus actively mediates the interaction between visuoproprioceptive weighting and realignment and may thus play a role in the decreased movement precision associated with posterior parietal lesions.
An adaptive simplex cut-cell method for high-order discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of elliptic interface problems and conjugate heat transfer problems

In this paper we propose a new high-order solution framework for interface problems on non-interface-conforming meshes. The framework consists of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization, a simplex cut-cell technique, and an output-based adaptive scheme. We first present a DG discretization with a dual-consistent output evaluation for elliptic interface problems on interface-conforming meshes, and then extend the method to handle multi-physics interface problems, in particular conjugate heat transfer (CHT) problems. The method is then applied to non-interface-conforming meshes using a cut-cell technique, where the interface definition is completely separate from the mesh generation process. No assumption is made on the interface shape (other than Lipschitz continuity). We then equip our strategy with an output-based adaptive scheme for an accurate output prediction. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate high-order convergence for elliptic interface problems and CHT problems with both smooth and non-smooth interface shapes.
Approaches to blind equalization of signals with multiple modulus

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and decision-directed (DD) equalizer are two ways to approach blind equalization of signals that are known to lie on a circle of fixed radius, but where specific values at any given time are unknown. In m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, the signals lie on n circles of known radius. The authors present two possible approaches to the n-modulus problem, both in the spirit of feature reconstruction algorithms. The multiple-modulus algorithm uses a straightforward generalization of the CMA cost function to derive its update, whereas the decision-adjusted-modulus algorithm is a hybrid of the CMA and DD approaches. >
Important differences exist in the dose-response relationship between diet and immune cell fatty acids in humans and rodents.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are noted for their ability to diminish inflammatory and immune responses in vitro and in a variety of animal-based models of autoimmunity and inflammation. Yet, recent systematic reviews suggest that the evidence for these fatty acids having beneficial effects on inflammation or autoimmunity in humans is equivocal. A possible explanation for these disappointing and somewhat paradoxical findings emerged from the analyses described in this review. The available data on the changes in immune cell fatty acid profiles in mice, rats and humans, fed various forms and amounts of n-3 PUFA are summarized and displayed graphically. The dose–response curves generated provide new insights into the relationship between dietary n-3 PUFA and immune cell fatty acid profiles. The author suggests that the poor predictive value of most in vitro as well as many animal trials may, in part, be a consequence of the frequent adoption of experimental conditions that create differences in immune cell fatty acid profiles that far exceed what is possible in free-living humans through dietary intervention. Recommendations for improving the preclinical value of future in vitro and animal-based studies with n-3 PUFA are provided.
Sophists and Sophistry in the Wealth of Nations

Th e Stoic is often seen as the forerunner of Adam Smith’s market man of morals, but others have suggested that the sophist played a role in the formation of market morality and political economy. Th is article traces Smith’s treatment of ancient sophists and his use of the term sophistry in the Wealth of Nations . Smith praised ancient sophists for their eff ective didactic oratory and their ability to make money through teaching. Smith criticized arguments as sophistic when they promoted monetary advantage for a few over and above the principle of competition. Th is varied reception of sophists and sophistry suggests a keen understanding of the rhetorical tradition and its capacity to infl uence the development of the discourse of political economy. Smith’s use of sop histry and reference to the sophists invites a deeper awareness of the essential vitality of eff ective argumentation for Smith’s “system of natural liberty.” sophists and sophistry in the WEALTH OF NATIONS Th e Stoic, David Hume’s “man of action and virtue,” is often considered the forerunner and foundation of Adam Smith’s market man of morals (Hume 1985, 146–54). Ian Simpson Ross notes Smith’s enthusiasm for Stoic philosophers such as Cicero and Marcus Aurelius and the way Stoic philosophy informs Smith’s arguments on various topics such as self-command, selflove, and suicide (Ross 1995, 172, 384). Pierre Force confi rms the infl uence of Stoicism in tracing Smith’s moral system as a contrast with the Epicurean/ Augustinian tradition, showing that for Smith and Stoics self-love merely points the way for an agent to choose r ationally a course of action (Force 2003, 103–5).
Performance Impacts of Information Technology: Is Actual Usage the Missing Link?

The relationship between investment in information technology (IT) and its effect on organizational performance continues to interest academics and practitioners. In many cases, due to the nature of the research design employed, this stream of research has been unable to identify the impact of individual technologies on organizational performance. This study posits that the driver of IT impact is not the investment in the technology, but the actual usage of the technology. This proposition is tested in a longitudinal setting of a healthcare system comprising eight hospitals.Monthly data for a three-year period on various financial and nonfinancial measures of hospital performance and technology usage were analyzed. The data analysis provides evidence for the technology usage-performance link after controlling for various external factors. Technology usage was positively and significantly associated with measures of hospital revenue and quality, and this effect occurred after time lags. The analysis was triangulated using three measures of technology usage. The general support for the principal proposition of this paper that "actual usage" may be a key variable in explaining the impact of technology on performance suggests that omission of this variable may be a missing link in IT payoff analyses.
Dynamics of Insulin Secretion by the Perfused Rat Pancreas

The dynamics of insulin release in response to relatively long infusions of glucose were studied in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Insulin secretion was determined by immunochemical assay of the total portal vein effluent. Histological examination of the perfused pancreases and measurement of oxygen consumption by these tissues indicated that optimal physiological conditions were used. It was observed that, when glucose was infused for a period of approximately 1 hr into a perfused pancreas, there appeared 2 distinctly different phases of insulin release. There was an early, or rapid, release of insulin which subsided within approximately 2 min, followed by a late, or slow release phase which continually increased in rate until termination of the glucose infusion. The contribution of newly synthesized insulin to either phase was determined by comparing the insulin release by normal control preparations to that by preparations which were treated with puromycin. Incorporation of L-valine-14C was used a...
Metabolic changes associated with iso-osmotic regulation in brain cortex slices.

— The metabolism of single, first cortical rat brain slices was studied in response to incubation in media of various osmolalities. There was an inverse relationship between osmolality and the magnitude of the increase in tissue water content, and a direct relationship between osmolality and inulin space. Brain sodium varied directly with the media sodium, but hyperosmolal sucrose and glucose resulted in a drop in brain sodium. Brain potassium was constant in hyperosmolal sodium media, but it fell in hypo-osmolal media and hyperosmolal sucrose and glucose media. Hypo-osmolality depressed the oxidation of [14C]glucose to 14CO2 whereas hyperosmolality obtained with sodium, sucrose, or glucose stimulated glucose oxidation. Lactate production was enhanced only by sodium hyperosmolality. Hypo-osmolality caused a 70% drop in phosphocreatine and a minor decrease in energy charge potential, analagous to the effects of hypoxia. Hyperosmolality had no effect on energy metabolism. The total amino acid nitrogen released into the media was suppressed by hypo-osmolality but was increased by hyperosmolal incubation. Hyperosmolality also increased production of ammonia fourfold. The time course of the change in tissue osmolality and ion content following incubation in hyperosmolal sodium media showed the tissue osmolality reached the media osmolality within 5 min, but it took 30 min for the tissue sodium to reach equilibrium with the media sodium. This indicates that unidentified or‘idiogenic osmoles’are induced transiently by hyperosmolality associated with changes in amino acid and ammonia metabolism.
Institutional benefits policies and family formation among engineering faculty

This work in progress examines family-related benefits policies across doctoral institutions and the family formation patterns of engineering faculty. The nationally representative data come from the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty surveys of institutions and faculty. Data show that a little over half of engineering faculty members provide financial support to one or more dependents. Yet, many doctoral institutions do not provide childcare benefits or parental leave for full-time faculty and instructional staff, highlighting the need to examine the role of institutional structures and benefits policies in the career progression of engineering faculty with dependents.
Restoring Justice (Ubuntu): An African Perspective:

The goal of justice-making in Africa is the restoration of victims and the reintegration of the offender back into the community. The restoration of relationships and social harmony undermined by t...
Microgravity Isolation System Design: A Case Study

Many acceleration-sensitive, microgravity science experiments will require active vibration isolation from manned orbiters on which they will be mounted. The isolation problem, especially in the case of a tethered payload, is a complex three-dimensional one that is best suited to modern-control design methods. In this paper, extended H(sub 2) synthesis is used to design an active isolator (i.e., controller) for a realistic single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) microgravity vibration isolation problem. Complex mu-analysis methods are used to analyze the isolation system with respect to sensor, actuator, and umbilical uncertainties. The paper fully discusses the design process employed and the insights gained. This design case study provides a practical approach for isolation problems of greater complexity. Issues addressed include a physically intuitive state-space description of the system, disturbance and noise filters, filters for frequency weighting, and uncertainty models. The controlled system satisfies all the performance specifications and is robust with respect to model uncertainties.
A Life Table That Agrees with the Data: II

Abstract The numerous sources of variation among life tables are reducible to two. This paper finds expressions for these separately. The first source of variation is the rate of increase attributed to the observed population. A given underlying continuous curve of mortality by age will show somewhat different age-specific death rates according to the rate of increase of the population subject to the given mortality. At ages beyond about 15, for a given underlying mortality, the age-specific rates observed will be lower the more rapid the increase. Conversely, to infer the stationary age-specific rates from observed rates a larger quantity must be added the greater the increase to which the observed population is subject. The second source of difference is the form of the curve put through the (discrete) lx , the number living to age x, to integrate and find LZ , the number in the stationary population from age x to x+n. Some considerations are presented on the choice which must be made on each of these t...
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Jumonji AT-rich Interactive Domain 1B (JARID1B) Histone Demethylase by a Sensitive High Throughput Screen

JARID1B (also known as KDM5B or PLU1) is a member of the JARID1 family of histone lysine demethylases responsible for the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K4me3), a mark for actively transcribed genes. JARID1B is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, JARID1B is required for mammary tumor formation in syngeneic or xenograft mouse models. JARID1B-expressing melanoma cells are associated with increased self-renewal character. Therefore, JARID1B represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here we characterized JARID1B using a homogeneous luminescence-based demethylase assay. We then conducted a high throughput screen of over 15,000 small molecules to identify inhibitors of JARID1B. From this screen, we identified several known JmjC histone demethylase inhibitors, including 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and catechols. More importantly, we identified several novel inhibitors, including 2-4(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (PBIT), which inhibits JARID1B with an IC50 of about 3 μm in vitro. Consistent with this, PBIT treatment inhibited removal of H3K4me3 by JARID1B in cells. Furthermore, this compound inhibited proliferation of cells expressing higher levels of JARID1B. These results suggest that this novel small molecule inhibitor is a lead compound that can be further optimized for cancer therapy.
Development of organic gas exhaust speciation profiles for nonroad spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines and equipment.

The composition of exhaust emissions from nonroad engines and equipment varies based on a number of parameters, including engine type, emission control technology, fuel composition, and operating conditions. Speciated emissions data which characterize the chemical composition of these emissions are needed to develop chemical speciation profiles used for air quality modeling and to develop air toxics inventories. In this paper, we present results of an extensive review and analysis of available exhaust speciation data for total organic gases (TOG) for spark ignition (SI) engines running on gasoline/ethanol blends now in widespread use, and compression ignition (CI) engines running on diesel fuel. We identified two data sets best suited for development of exhaust speciation profiles. Neither of these data sets have previously been published. We analyzed the resulting speciation profiles for differences in SI engine exhaust composition between 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines using E0 (0% ethanol) and E10 (10% ...
Asynchronous and synchronous designs for low-power FDSOI CMOS process optimized for subthreshold operation at 0.3V V DD

Power consumption and heat generation in CMOS-based ICs are the dominating factors affecting the system's performance and reliability. Many power reduction techniques, e.g., supply voltage scaling, implementing smaller transistors, limiting switching activity, are well known in public. Supply and threshold voltage scaling is among one of the most efficient methods for reducing power. In addition, process technology designed with transistors optimized for subthreshold operation is a more fundamental path to conserve the low power characteristic of the system. To demonstrate the significance of the process, a series of digital circuits were fabricated using MIT Lincoln Lab's 90nm XLP FDSOI CMOS process with novel transistor technology optimized for 300 mV supply voltage. The circuits include synchronous ring oscillator, synchronous FIR filter, asynchronous ring oscillator, asynchronous FIR filter, and homogeneous parallel asynchronous platform.
Scaling parallel programs for multiprocessors: methodology and examples

Models for the constraints under which an application should be scaled, including constant problem-size scaling, memory-constrained scaling, and time-constrained scaling, are reviewed. A realistic method is described that scales all relevant parameters under considerations imposed by the application domain. This method leads to different conclusions about the effectiveness and design of large multiprocessors than the naive practice of scaling only the data set size. The primary example application is a simulation of galaxies using the Barnes-Hut hierarchical N-body method. >
Power of an Effective Clinical Conversation: Improving Accrual Onto Clinical Trials

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is actively transforming clinical trials to revitalize the clinical trials system and improve patient accrual. For more than 30 years, NCI has provided information and communication resources about cancer clinical trials. The Institute supports a clinical trials Web site (www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials) that receives nearly a half million page views a month. In addition, NCI's Cancer Information Service (800-4-CANCER, chat and e-mail) responds to 1,750 clinical trial inquiries every month. Although these numbers suggest that a high volume of clinical trial information is being exchanged between NCI, the public, and providers, most patients decide whether to participate in clinical trials during the patient-provider interaction.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Computerized Tomography in the Routine Follow-Up of Patients After Primary Treatment for Hodgkin’s Disease

Purpose To estimate the clinical benefits and cost effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) in the follow-up of patients with complete response (CR) after treatment for Hodgkin’s disease (HD). Patients and Methods We developed a decision-analytic model to evaluate follow-up strategies for two hypothetical cohorts of 25-year-old patients with stage I-II or stage III-IV HD, treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine-based chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy, respectively. We compared three strategies for observing asymptomatic patients after CR: routine annual CT for 10 years, annual CT for 5 years, or follow-up with non-CT modalities only. We used Markov models to calculate life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, and lifetime costs. Baseline probabilities, transition probabilities, and utilities were derived from published studies. Cost data were derived from the Medicare fee schedule and medical literature. We performed sensitivity analyses by varying baseline...
Optimal heat transfer for liquid cooling with minimal coolant volume

Uptime, operating cost and serviceability are the major concerns for data center cooling. This paper will describe an air and liquid cooling system that is optimized for data centers and does not involve major infrastructure changes. This system uses a minimum heat exchanger volume and coolant volume in order to simplify the installation at the server and data center level. The goal is to reduce chiller and server power, and removing heat from the CPU and the air in the server achieves that goal. Secondary goals include reducing the volume of liquid inside the server and making it easy to swap out racks, servers or components. The proposed system uses a normal base plate and fin heat sink, with a high performance liquid cooled heat exchanger built into it. This allows heat to be extracted from the CPU as well as the air that flows through the heat sink, removing up to 100% of the heat from the entire server with the liquid cooled heat sink which makes it a literal ‘heat sink’.
Course 3 Many-body theory of non-equilibrium systems

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the Keldysh formalism for the treatment of out-of-equilibrium many-body systems. The Green functions are the traces of time-ordered products of field operators. Among the possible solutions of saddle-point equations for the Keldysh action, there is always one with a zero quantum component and with a classical component that obeys the classical (nonlinear) equations of motion. In some applications, it may be convenient to derive an action in the equilibrium Matsubara technique and change to the Keldysh representation at a later stage to tackle out-of-equilibrium problems. It is customary to perform the Keldysh rotation in the fermionic case in a different manner from the bosonic one. The Keldysh component is a pure regularization in the sense that it does not have a continuum limit (the self-energy Keldysh component does have a nonzero continuum representation).