cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient's Preoperative Confidence Impact on Functional Outcome After Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

Introduction: Patient medical comorbidities are well-established risk modifiers of THA patient outcomes. Patient9s mental state preoperatively may influence postoperative functional outcomes though just like any medical comorbidity. This study sought to determine if patient confidence in attaining post-operative functional goals was associated with objective and subjective outcomes following THA. Methods: Patients undergoing primary or revision THA at a single institution between 2008 and 2010 were administered a questionnaire consisting of demographics, body mass index, Hip Dysfunction Osteoarthritis and Outcomes Score (HOOS), SF-12 scores, the level of functionality they hoped to gain postoperatively and their confidence in attaining that goal (0–10 scale) preoperatively and postoperatively at last follow-up (minimum 12 months). Measured outcomes included length of stay, 30-day readmission, HOOS, and SF-12 physical component scores. Correlation of patient confidence in attaining treatment goals and the outcomes collected was established using multiple linear and logistic regression models that were adjusted for all variables, including baseline mental and functional scores. Results: A total of 804 primary and 154 revision THA patients completed their post-operative questionnaires with an average follow-up of 491 and 487 days, respectively. Patients were confident in achieving their goals, with an average score of 8.0 ± 2.2 and 7.2 ± 2.8 for primary and revision THA patients, respectively. Having greater confidence was associated with a decreased rate of 30-day readmission for primary THA patients only (p = 0.006). For both primary and revision THA patients, having greater confidence was associated with higher HOOS functional scores (primary p Conclusions: A patient9s level of confidence in their ability to achieve specific functional outcomes following either primary or revision THA does affect their post-operative outcomes. When risk-stratifying patients for THA, patient9s confidence may be as important as their medical comorbidities.
Dangerous play--splitting the message may leave you empty handed.

An important aspect of eukaryotic gene expression is the efficient integration of transcription, pre-mRNA processing and nuclear export. A new study demonstrates that pre-mRNA transcript continuity is an essential component for maintaining productive coupling of transcription and RNA processing events.
Fetuses of Mothers with Thyroid Disease May Be at Higher Risk of Developing Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Objective Fetal tachyarrhythmias complicate 0.5% of pregnancies, with high morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that maternal factors may predispose to fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Study Design We reviewed medical records of all 124 mothers who presented to the Vanderbilt Fetal Cardiology Clinic from 2004 to 2010 for fetal arrhythmias, excluding heart block. Maternal factors were compared between 28 fetuses with SVT and a control group of 112 fetuses screened for noncardiac conditions. The proportions were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Results Of maternal factors, thyroid disease was statistically significant compared with controls. Among mothers whose fetuses had SVT, 21% had thyroid disease (83% hypothyroidism) compared with 3% of controls ( p Conclusion In this cohort, the maternal thyroid disease was more common in fetuses with SVT compared with controls (odds ratio = 9.8, 95% confidence interval 2.3–42.3), suggesting closer screening for fetal arrhythmias and SVT in mothers with thyroid disease. Also, routine screening of thyroid functions and thyroid autoantibodies may be warranted in mothers of fetuses with SVT.
An Approach to the Control of Massive Hemorrhage in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis by Intravenous Vasopressin: A Case Report

AbstractMassive bleeding owing to cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis was not affected by intravesical instillation of 4 per cent formalin or 1 per cent silver nitrate. After initiation of a continuous systemic infusion of vasopressin hematuria and transfusion requirements diminished markedly. Adverse reactions were mild. Intravenous vasopressin was a safe and effective means to control temporarily life-threatening hemorrhagic cystitis.
Tampon makers could help reduce violence against women.

Preventive strategies and support for a billion victims globally are hugely underfunded “Physical or sexual violence is a public health problem that affects more than one third of all women globally”—at least a billion—says a 2013 World Health Organization study, conducted with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the South African Medical Research Council.1 Violence against women is a global health problem on a scale bigger than HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Consequences of such violence include physical injuries, psychological trauma, and 43 500 untimely deaths a year worldwide.2 The costs associated with violence against women include healthcare and legal expenses.3 Additionally, lost productivity related to such violence diminishes the world’s gross domestic product by 3.7%.4 We need a public …
Dyninst and MRNet: Foundational Infrastructure for Parallel Tools

Parallel tools require common pieces of infrastructure: the ability to control, monitor, and instrument programs, and the ability to massively scale these operations as the application program being studied scales. The Paradyn Project has a long history of developing new technologies in these two areas and producing ready-to-use tool kits that embody these technologies: Dyninst, which provides binary program control, instrumentation, and modification, and MRNet, which provides a scalable and extensible infrastructure to simplify the construction of massively parallel tools, middleware and applications. We will discuss new techniques that we have developed in these areas, and present examples of current use of these tool kits in a variety of tool and middleware projects. In addition, we will discuss features in these tool kits that have not yet been fully exploited in parallel tool development, and that could lead to advancements in parallel tools.
What I think about Now, Physics Today, March 2014

In a Commentary in the July 2012 issue of Physics Today , I maintain that stubborn problems in the interpretation of quantum mechanics melt away if one takes literally Niels Bohr's dictum that the purpose of science is not to reveal “the real essence of the phenomena” but to find “relations between the manifold aspects of our experience” [1]. This same view of science, that it is a tool each of us uses to organize our own experience, also disposes of the vexing but entirely classical problem of “the Now.” Rudolf Carnap states the problem succinctly in his report of a conversation with Albert Einstein: Einstein said that the problem of the Now worried him seriously. He explained that the experience of the Now means something special for man, something essentially different from the past and the future, but that this important difference does not and cannot occur within physics. That this experience cannot be grasped by science seemed to him a matter of painful but inevitable resignation [2]. The issue here is not, as you might think, that the simultaneity of events in different places depends on frame of reference. Events whose temporal ordering is ambiguous relative to an event that I experience Now are irrelevant, because they are outside the backward and forward light cones of my Now and cannot affect or be affected by what I experience Now. Whether or not I choose to regard them as contemporary with my Now is entirely a matter of personal convention. The actual issue is that physics seems to have nothing whatever to say about the Now even at a single place, but deals only with relations between one time and another, in spite of the fact that the present moment is immediately evident as such to each and every one of us. Any person's Now is a special event for that person as it is happening. By an “event” I mean an experience whose duration and location are restricted enough that it can usefully be represented as a point in space and time. My Now is distinguished from other events I have experienced by being the actual current state of affairs. I can distinguish it from earlier events (former Nows) that I merely remember and from later events that I can only imagine. My remembered past terminates in my Now.
Von Mauern und Windmühlen: Warum sich die Marktforschung neu erfinden muss

Funf Elemente der Veranderung setzen die Marktforschung unter Druck: Die digitale Welt erfordert neue Kompetenzen von Unternehmen, die dadurch neue Wissensbedarfe haben. Die Bereitschaft von Konsumenten an klassischen Marktforschungsstudien teilzunehmen schwindet, gleichzeitig war die Stimme des Verbrauchers fur Unternehmen noch nie so direkt vernehmbar wie durch das Internet. Durch fur jeden verfugbare Do-it-yourself-Tools und kostenlose Datenquellen im Internet entstehen Alternativen zu bisherigen Angeboten der Marktforschung. Und ebenso wie Unternehmen anderer Branchen stehen auch die Marktforscher in der digitalen Welt neuen Arten von Wettbewerbern gegenuber. Fur die Zukunft muss sich die Marktforschung selbst hinterfragen, ihr Qualitatsverstandnis auf den Prufstand stellen und sich hinsichtlich der Geschwindigkeit und ihres Mehrwerts neu ausrichten. Sie muss mit innovativen Methoden sowohl „tiefere“ Daten als auch bessere Entscheidungshilfen liefern. Denn die Fahigkeit zu schnellen und guten Entscheidungen ist in einer Umgebung, die durch Volatilitat, Unsicherheit, Komplexitat und Ambiguitat gepragt ist, entscheidender Faktor des Unternehmenserfolgs. Dafur muss der Marktforscher der Zukunft neue Fertigkeiten erwerben und lieb gewonnene Gewohnheiten loslassen.
Attractive carrots, bland sticks: organizational responses to regulatory policy in Argentine graduate education

ABSTRACTMost countries, developing as well as developed, have adopted some type of quality assurance mechanism. Argentina is neither an island nor an outlier in higher education reforms in general. This study is based on case study design and involved extensive fieldwork to collect interviews and official documents. This article analyzes the regulatory framework that established compulsory accreditation by identifying the main actors involved, the external factors that affect compliance, and university and program responses to them. The findings show that the regulatory framework is plagued by issues of coordination and overlap among agencies, affecting levels of compliance and types of responses at the organizational level. While the structure of incentives is clear, there are no clear sanctions or credible threats. Yet, programs tend to comply with accreditation. The study shows great variability among academic disciplines and types of programs. Findings are linked to developments in other developed and...
Implicitly Coordinated Detect and Avoid Capability for Safe Autonomous Operation of Small UAS

As the airspace becomes increasingly shared by autonomous small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), there would be a pressing need for coordination strategies so that aircraft can safely and independently maneuver around obstacles, geofences, and traffic aircraft. Explicitly coordinating resolution strategies for small UAS would require additional components such as a reliable vehicle-to-vehicle communication infrastructure and standardized protocols for information exchange that could significantly increase the cost of deploying small UAS in a shared airspace. This paper explores a novel approach that enables multiple aircraft to implicitly coordinate their resolution maneuvers. By requiring all aircraft to execute the proposed approach deterministically, it is possible for all of them to implicitly agree on the region of airspace each will be occupying in a given time interval. The proposed approach lends itself to the construction of a suitable feedback mechanism that enables the real-time execution of an implicitly conflict-free path in a closed-loop manner dealing with uncertainties in aircraft speed. If a network infrastructure is available, the proposed approach can also exploit the benefits of explicit information.
Seven Calamities: Insight into the Kara-e Depicted Catastrophes of Japan

The Seven Calamities (1773, Cleveland Museum of Art) is an emakimono, or Japanese handscroll, created by Nijo Yana during the Edo Period of Japan depicting seven catastrophes that occurred in Japan throughout time. Buddhist Monk Nichiren used the seven calamities found in ancient sutras to explain the disasters agonizing Japan in his time and to stress the importance of following the Buddhist lifestyle. In order to keep the seven calamities at bay, the kings and rulers of Japan were required to recite and teach ancient sutras including the Prajna-Paramita sutra. As the legend tells it, Tathagata — honorific title of a Buddha — had committed this sutra to the kings and rulers because they had requisite power needed to establish the Law of the sutra, unlike the monks and nuns. Had the sutra not been extensively taught to the populace, the seven calamities would befall upon the land and punish the impudent humans that strayed away from Saddharma — Sanskrit for the Correct Law. In essence, it was up to the kings that Tathagata appointed to ensure order and balance to the lands by reciting the Prajna-Paramita. Each of the calamities were painted on paper with black ink, known as sumi-ink, contain ma, which means negative space, and use minimal color. This paper will dissect the history of the seven disasters of Japan and the reasoning behind their occurrence, analyze the use of Japanese sumi-ink combined with the kara-e Chinese style of art, and will contemplate the artist’s choice of substituting several of the seven original calamities with his or her own rendition and depiction of sequenced actions.
Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys

In Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys, Philip Bromberg continues the illuminating explorations into dissociation and clinical process begun in Standing in the Spaces (1998). Bromberg is among our most gifted clinical writers, especially in his unique ability to record peripheral variations in relatedness - those subtle, split-second changes that capture the powerful workings of dissociation and chart the changing self-states that analyst and patient bring to the moment. For Bromberg, a model of mind premised on the centrality of self-states and dissociation not only offers the optimal lens for comprehending and interpreting clinical data; it also provides maximum leverage for achieving true intersubjective relatedness. And this manner of looking at clinical data offers the best vantage point for integrating psychoanalytic experience with the burgeoning findings of contemporary neuroscience, cognitive and developmental psychology, and attachment research. Dreams are approached not as texts in need of deciphering but as means of contacting genuine but not yet fully conscious self-states. From here, he explores how the patient's "dreamer" and the analyst's "dreamer" can come together to turn the "real" into the "really real" of mutative therapeutic dialogue. The "difficult," frequently traumatized patient is newly appraised in terms of tensions within the therapeutic dyad. And then there is the "haunted" patient who carries a sense of preordained doom through years of otherwise productive work - until the analyst can finally feel the patient's doom as his or her own. Laced with Bromberg's characteristic honesty, humor, and thoughtfulness, these essays elegantly attest to the mind's reliance on dissociation, in both normal and pathological variants, in the ongoing effort to maintain self-organization. Awakening the Dreamer, no less than Standing in the Spaces, is destined to become a permanent part of the literature on therapeutic process and change.
Effect of a Viscoelastic Interfacial Zone on the Mechanical Behavior and Failure of Fiber-Reinforced Composites

The overall behavior and strength of fiber-reinforced composites is significantly affected by the interfacial bonding between the fiber and matrix material. The assumption of perfect bonding between constituents (i.e., continuity of interfacial tractions and displacements) may not be suitable in the presence of a thin interfacial zone (fiber coating) or cohesive type bonding (intermolecular bonding). In this paper a simple viscoelastic model is used to characterize the stiffness and viscosity of the interphase, and the finite element method is used to obtain the mechanical response of the composite. Calculations are carried out for a unit cell in a hexagonal array of fibers. The influence of loading rate on interfacial crack initiation and growth is investigated for both displacement and traction controlled failure processes. Stress distributions in the cracked interphase and in the matrix material contiguous to the interphase are also obtained.
Solving common business problems with Microsoft Office

The authors traced the process of revising and updating a long-existing Micro-Based Software class at the undergraduate level at Metropolitan State College of Denver. The course was designed to allow students to become proficient in end user computing at the operational business level. The revisions were prompted by the increasing sophistication of horizontal microcomputer application programs, the increase in the level of computer literacy among undergraduate School of Business students, and the students' need for experience in problem solving and applying the theory they learned using the Microsoft Office software suite. A pilot class was taught utilizing the revised curriculum in the Fall of 2001. The revised curriculum involved using Web-based material and regular presentation sessions for solutions to assigned problems. An efficacy survey was administered at the end of the class to determine student satisfaction with the revised curriculum. The success of the pilot class resulted in implementing the revised content in all sections of the Micro-Based Software class as of Spring semester, 2002.
Variation in 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and ATP Levels in Human Erythrocytes and Effects on Oxygen Transport

The discovery of the effects of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the oxygen dissociation characteristics of hemoglobin (Chanutin & Curnish, 1967; Benesch & Benesch, 1967) has greatly increased our appreciation of the association between red cell metabolism and function. Recent evidence makes it clear that, through variations in the levels of ATP and DPG, the metabolism of the human red cell may help maintain normoxia. Increases in the concentration of DPG will produce corresponding decreases in the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. Elevation of red cell DPG content and shifting of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to higher pO2’s have been observed in a number of conditions characterized by hypoxia, such as exposure to high altitude (Lenfant et al., 1968; Eaton et al., 1968), anemia and pulmonary disease (Brewer & Eaton, 1969). Significant adjustments in the level of DPG in the circulating red cell may occur quite rapidly, as will be discussed in the paper by Faulkner (this volume).
Is it All Worth it? The Experiences of New Phds on the Job Market, 2007-2010

This paper describes the job market experiences of new PhD economists, 2007-10. Using information from PhD programs' job candidate websites and original surveys, the authors present information about job candidates' characteristics, preferences and expectations; how job candidates fared at each stage of the market; and predictors of outcomes at each stage. Some information presented in this paper updates findings of prior studies. However, design features of the data used in this paper may result in more generalizable findings. This paper is unique in comparing pre-market expectations and preferences with post-market outcomes on the new PhD job market. It shows that outcomes tend to align with pre-market preferences, and candidates' expectations are somewhat predictive of their outcomes. Several analyses also shed light on sub-group differences.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Mine Flooding History of a Regional Below-Drainage Coalfield Dominated by Barrier Leakage (1970–2014)

A 44-year record of water level fluctuations in a series of adjacent closed underground mines documents the history of closure and mine flooding in the Fairmont Coalfield, one of the oldest coal mining districts in the Pittsburgh coal basin, West Virginia, USA. As closures proceeded and mines began to flood, US environmental regulations were first enacted mandating mine water control and treatment, rendering uncontrolled surface discharges unacceptable. The purpose of this study is to present this flooding history and to identify critical events that determined how mine pools evolved in this case. Also examined is the strategy developed to control and treat water from these mines. Flooding is visualized using both water level hydrographs and mine flooding maps with the latter constructed assuming mine water hydraulic continuity between one or more mines. The earliest flooding formed small pools within near-surface mines closed prior to 1962 yet still pumped following closure to minimize leaking into adjacent still-active workings. These subpools gradually enlarged and merged as more closures occurred and the need for protective pumping was removed, forming what is today referred to as the unconfined Fairmont Pool. Later, deeper mines, separated by intact updip barriers from the Fairmont Pool, were closed and flooded more gradually, supplied in large part by leakage from the Fairmont Pool. By 1985, all mines except 2 had closed and by 1994 all had fully flooded, with the Fairmont Pool interconnected to deeper single mine pools via barrier leakage. As protective pumping ceased, the Fairmont Pool rose to a water level 3 m higher than surface drainage elevation and in 1997 discharged from an undermined section of Buffalo Creek near the Monongahela River. The principal mine operator in the basin then designed a pumping system to transfer water from the Fairmont Pool to their existing treatment facilities to the north, thus terminating the discharge. It may be concluded that the progress of mine flooding was influenced by mining history and design, by the timing of closures, by barrier leakage conditions, and by geologic structure. A key element in how flooding proceeded was the presence of a series of intact barriers separating deep from shallow mines. The shallow mines closed and flooded early, but then lost sufficient water by barrier leakage into the deeper mines to delay the completion of flooding until after the deep mines had all closed and flooded as well. Intensive mine water control has continued from the 1997 breakout to the present. The final water control scheme was likely unanticipated and serendipitous; future district-wide mining efforts should be advised to consider in advance closeout strategies to control mine water postmining.
Abstract 4413: CDK6 overexpression promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer

CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are highly active therapies in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Unfortunately, tumor relapse on these agents is frequently encountered in clinical practice with limited data on the biologic mechanisms that can mediate resistance. We utilized cell line models, patient derived xenografts and patient samples to interrogate mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. A survey of genomic alterations associated with limited benefit of CDK4/6iidentified several alterations involving the Hippo pathway which could potentially impact CDK6 kinase expression. Immunohistochemistry from these patients revealed increased YAP nuclear translocation and high levels of CDK6 protein specifically in the group of patients with short progression-free survival (PFS) on CDK4/6i. A PDX model of acquired resistance to CDK4/6i also showed that prolonged treatment with CDK4/6i led to a subset of tumors that developed resistance, all of which showed Hippo pathway suppression and CDK6 upregulation. Finally, cell lines models exposed to CDK4/6i showed multiple clones that featured upregulation of CDK6 through suppression of the Hippo pathway or amplification of the CDK6 gene. Identifying CDK6 overexpression as a recurrent feature of CDK4/6i resistant tumors, we next investigated the function(s) of CDK6 in our models. We performed knockdown of CDK6 by shRNA and found its overexpression to be necessary for drug resistance in these models while reinforced CDK6 could restore resistance or confer resistance when overexpressed in naive cells. Given the close homology of CDK4 and CDK6, we asked whether any differences might exist between CDK4 and CDK6 complexes, performing immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and found CDK6 to bind a distinct partition of proteins from CDK4 including INK4 proteins. In vitro kinase assays revealed that INK4 proteins impaired the ability of CDK4/6i to block CDK6 activity. INK4 proteins were found to cooperate with CDK6 in mediating drug resistance as their knockdown restored drug sensitivity to resistant cells, while INK4 overexpression promoted resistance in CDK6-high cells. Taken together, the data revealed that high levels of a CDK6-INK4 complex to be a recurrent mechanism of resistance to CDK4/6i and suggest novel CDK6 inhibitors as a strategy to overcome resistance. Citation Format: Qing Li, Pedram Razavi, Zhiqiang Li, Arnaud F. Da Cruz Paula, Edi Brogi, Maurizio Scaltriti, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Sarat Chandarlapaty. CDK6 overexpression promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4413.
Visualization of the grain structure in the filament cross sections of uniaxially textured high J c Bi-2223 tapes

In this study, we extensively used Electron Backscatter Diffraction Orientation Imaging Microscopy to visualize the grain structure in the flat-rolled (Bi,Pb)alt;subagt;2alt;/subagt;Sralt;subagt;2alt;/subagt;Caalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt;Cualt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;Oalt;subagt;xalt;/subagt; (Bi-2223) tapes. The thermomechanical process made the grains' c-axes oriented normal to the tape surface. The 24 % difference in critical current density Jc was caused by the ~5? difference in the degree of out-of-plane texture. Although the in-plane orientations are not controlled, the Bi-2223 grains can form the domains, each of which consists of the grains with similar in-plane orientation. Controlling the domain formation could be the next protocol to raise the alt;iagt;Jalt;/iagt;alt;subagt;calt;/subagt; of Bi-2223 tapes.
Synchronization and Flow Characteristics of the Opposed Facing Oscillator Pair in Back-to-Back Configuration

This study quantifies the flow characteristics of an opposed facing fluidic oscillator pair that was arranged in a back-to-back configuration. The objective was to obtain two synchronized oscillating sweeping jets using a shared feedback channel, incorporated in a no moving parts design. The oscillation frequency and the sweep angle of the fluidic oscillator exiting jets were obtained with hot-wire measurements and water visualizations, respectively. The dynamics of the fluidic flow characteristics were assessed using the compressible Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes and the Large Eddy Simulation methods, that were validated against the hot-wire measurements. Five different Reynolds number (Re) flow conditions were considered and the proposed setup was capable of producing a synchronized oscillation in the range 101 to 422 Hz, and with a sweep angle up to 80°. Water flow visualization and hot-wire measurement identified two synchronized sweeping exiting jets, which was observed from the opposed facing oscillator pair. The oscillation frequency of the exiting jets was found to be a linearly function w.r.t. Re, which resulted in a Strouhal number in the order of 0.01. It was quantified that the pressure variation and the accompanying flow momentum were balanced and in-phase between both halves of the fluidic oscillator, which was established by means of the shared feedback channel. The opposed facing oscillator pair design provides two synchronized exiting sweeping jets, which widens the application range of the single feedback type fluidic oscillator.
Internal thoracic rib plating: A minimally invasive system for the management of displaced rib fractures

Rib fractures are common following blunt chest trauma and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Surgical stabilization and rib fixation (SSRF), or rib plating, is an increasingly utilized treatment for displaced rib fractures. SSRF is most commonly performed with an external plate construct, often requiring extensive dissection and soft-tissue mobilization. This article discusses a novel minimally invasive system for SSRF using video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).
The Role of Candida albicans Secreted Polysaccharides in Augmenting Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Mixed Biofilm Formation: In vitro and in vivo Studies

The oral cavity is a complex environment harboring diverse microbial species that often co-exist within biofilms formed on oral surfaces. Within a biofilm, inter-species interactions can be synergistic in that the presence of one organism generates a niche for another enhancing colonization. Among these species are the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans and the bacterial species Streptococcus mutans, the etiologic agents of oral candidiasis and dental caries, respectively. Recent studies have reported enhanced prevalence of C. albicans in children with caries indicating potential clinical implications for this fungal-bacterial interaction. In this study, we aimed to specifically elucidate the role of C. albicans-derived polysaccharide biofilm matrix components in augmenting S. mutans colonization and mixed biofilm formation. Comparative evaluations of single and mixed species biofilms demonstrated significantly enhanced S. mutans retention in mixed biofilms with C. albicans. Further, S. mutans single species biofilms were enhanced upon exogenous supplementation with purified matrix material derived from C. albicans biofilms. Similarly, growth in C. albicans cell-free spent biofilm culture media enhanced S. mutans single species biofilm formation, however, the observed increase in S. mutans biofilms was significantly affected upon enzymatic digestion of polysaccharides in spent media, identifying C. albicans secreted polysaccharides as a key factor in mediating mixed biofilm formation. The enhanced S. mutans biofilms mediated by the various C. albicans effectors was also demonstrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Importantly, a clinically relevant mouse model of oral co-infection was adapted to demonstrate the C. albicans-mediated enhanced S. mutans colonization in a host. Analyses of harvested tissue and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated significantly higher S. mutans retention on teeth and tongues of co-infected mice compared to mice infected only with S. mutans. Collectively, the findings from this study strongly indicate that the secretion of polysacharides from C. albicans in the oral environment may impact the development of S. mutans biofilms, ultimately increasing dental caries and, therefore, Candida oral colonization should be considered as a factor in evaluating the risk of caries.
Education needed to improve antimicrobial use during end-of-life care of older adults with advanced cancer: A cross-sectional survey

Background:Antimicrobial use during end-of-life care of older adults with advanced cancer is prevalent. Factors influencing the decision to prescribe antimicrobials during end-of-life care are not ...
Newborn Screening and Long-term Outcomes.

* Abbreviations: NBS — : newborn screening IEM — : inborn errors of metabolism Newborn screening (NBS) is a system that has been called one of the greatest public health programs in the United States.1 Each year, >98% of ∼4 million newborns in the United States are screened, and >12 500 are diagnosed with a condition.2 Gauging its success has been limited by lack of data regarding long-term outcomes of identified patients. In this issue of Pediatrics , Mutze et al3 report long-term clinical outcomes in 306 patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) identified between 1999 and 2016 through NBS in the laboratory at the University Hospital Heidelberg by using tandem mass spectroscopy. Patients were followed at 5 sites in Germany until a median age of 6.2 years (ranging from 1 to 17.4 years). The cohort of patients had 10 of the 12 IEMs on the national NBS panel in Germany, all of which are on the core or secondary list of the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel of the US Department of Health and Human Services.4 The authors report the incidence of acute metabolic decompensation in their cohort, a risk factor in many … Address correspondence to Cynthia M. Powell, MD, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, CB# 7487, Medical School Wing E, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7487. E-mail: powellcm{at}med.unc.edu
A PLAN for Tackling the Locust Crisis in East Africa: Harnessing Spatiotemporal Deep Models for Locust Movement Forecasting

East Africa is experiencing the worst locust infestation in over 25 years, which has severely threatened the food security of millions of people across the region. The primary strategy adopted by human experts at the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (UN-FAO) to tackle locust outbreaks involves manually surveying at-risk geographical areas, followed by allocating and spraying pesticides in affected regions. In order to augment and assist human experts at the UN-FAO in this task, we utilize crowdsourced reports of locust observations collected by PlantVillage (the world's leading knowledge delivery system for East African farmers) and develop PLAN, a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm for forecasting future migration patterns of locusts at high spatial and temporal resolution across East Africa. PLAN's novel spatio-temporal deep learning architecture enables representing PlantVillage's crowdsourced locust observation data using novel image-based feature representations, and its design is informed by several unique insights about this problem domain. Experimental results show that PLAN achieves superior predictive performance against several baseline models - it achieves an AUC score of 0.9 when used with a data augmentation method. PLAN represents a first step in using deep learning to assist and augment human expertise at PlantVillage (and UN-FAO) in locust prediction, and its real-world usability is currently being evaluated by domain experts (including a potential idea to use the heatmaps created by PLAN in a Kenyan TV show). The source code is available at https://github.com/maryam-tabar/PLAN.
Nuclear Power Plant Construction — Overview

The paper provides a general overview of the nuclear power plant construction process with literature references to a more detailed treatment. The paper deals specifically with: (1)The planning process; (2)regulation and licensing (3)design and standardization; (4)project control; (5)organizational alternatives; and (6)time and costs for construction.
Stability theorem for lateral inhibition networks that is robust in the presence of circuit parasitics

In the analog VLSI implementation of neural systems, it is sometimes convenient to built lateral inhibition networks by using a locally connected on-chip resistive grid. A serious problem of unwanted spontaneous oscillation often arises with these circuits and renders them unusable in practice. The authors report a design approach that guarantees such a system will be stable, even though the values of designed elements in the resistive grid can be imprecise and the location and values of parasitic elements might be unknown. The method is based on a rigorous, somewhat novel mathematical analysis using Tellegen's theorem and the idea of Popov multipliers from control theory. It is thoroughly practical because the criteria are local in the sense that no overall analysis of the interconnected system is required, empirical in the sense that they involve only measurable frequency response data on the individual cells, and robust in the sense that unmodeled parasitic resistances and capacitances in the interconnect network cannot affect the analysis. >
Analysis of the myogenic lineage in chick embryos. I. Studies on the terminal cell division.

Abstract An antibody prepared against the MM isozyme of creatine phosphokinase (M-CK) stained multinucleated myotubes and post-mitotic mononucleated myoblasts in mass cultures of myogenic cells taken from the breast muscles of 11-day chick embryos. No cycling cells bound the antibody. Single cells isolated either directly from the embryo or from mass cultures were seeded at clonal density and allowed to undergo one division. The resulting pairs of cells were stained with the antibody and were scored as ( a ) both members of the pair M-CK + ; ( b ) both M-CK − ; or ( c ) mixed (one M-CK + and one M-CK − ). No mixed pairs were observed. Conditioned medium did not induce all myogenic pairs to differentiate and growth medium did not keep myogenic pairs in the cell cycle. About 10% of clonal pairs established from 10 h cultures were M-CK + , while about 27% of pairs established from 30 h mass cultures were M-CK + . These results indicate that (1) the myogenic lineage ends in a symmetrical division whose products are two post-mitotic M-CK + cells; (2) the expression of the muscle phenotype is not determined exclusively by the environment; (3) the terminal cells are the product of an intrinsic program or cell lineage in which only the last cells can synthesize muscle-specific proteins.
Tectonically-Induced Divergences of Earth Rotation Series

The stability of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is studied by analyzing divergences of independently determined Earth rotation series. These series, which have been (nominally) determined within the same TRF, are found to differ by up to 4.7 mas in bias and up to 0.80 mas/yr in rate. These bias-rate differences could reflect errors in the various models used during the data reduction process.
Fifteen Years of Formal Property Verification in Intel

Model checking technologies have been applied to hardware verification in the last 15 years. Pioneering work has been conducted in Intel since 1990 using model checking technologies to build industrial hardware verification systems. This paper reviews the evolution and the success of these systems in Intel and in particular it summarizes the many challenges and learning that have resulted from changing how hardware validation is performed in Intel to include formal property verification. The paper ends with a discussion on how the learning from hardware verification can be used to accelerate the industrial deployment of model-checking technologies for software verification.
The Ocean's Role in Atlantic Climate Variability

Atlantic climate variability is an important driving force of climate in the surrounding land areas. In his Perspective, [Visbeck][1] explores recent advances toward understanding and predicting climate variability in the tropical Atlantic and the North Atlantic, and elucidating the role played by the ocean's circulation. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/297/5590/2223
Miniaturized slot antennas with enhanced bandwidth

A new approach to increase the bandwidth of miniaturized slot antennas by using two resonant structures is presented. This is accomplished by placing two antennas in close proximity to each other without substantially increasing the area occupied by the antenna. One of the elements is fed by a microstrip transmission line and the other one is fed parasitically by the first antenna. It is shown that the bandwidth can be increased by a factor of 2.3 while increasing the area by only 25%. It is also possible to change the coupling to get a dual band antenna with the same geometry.
Discovery of High-Density Lipoprotein Gene Targets from Classical Genetics to Genome-Wide Association Studies

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease. Here we first review prior knowledge of HDL, focusing on HDL-modifying genes identified from classic genetic disorders, and discuss drug discovery efforts related to these known genes. We then review large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that identified additional novel HDL-associated genes that function in lipid metabolism, diabetes, obesity, lipid trafficking, transcription, chromatin remodeling, RNA processing, and signal transduction. Several novel genes with no apparent relationship to HDL metabolism were also found. Although several HDL-associated genes found by GWASs are linked to coronary artery disease, it is difficult to assign causality specifically to HDL due to their association with additional factors, such as obesity, diabetes, elevated triglycerides, or other traits. There is growing realization that the historic metric for quantifying HDL cholesterol may be a relatively poor indicator of HDL function. Nonetheless, the GWASs have identified a plethora of novel genes that are attractive therapeutic targets.
Amplification of Chosen-Ciphertext Security

A central question in the theory of public-key cryptography is to determine which minimal assumptions are sufficient to achieve security against chosen-ciphertext attacks (or CCA-security, for short). Following the large body of work on hardness and correctness amplification, we investigate how far we can weaken CCA security and still be able to efficiently transform any scheme satisfying such a weaker notion into a fully CCA-secure one.
Economic Analysis of Music Copyright: Music Publishers

In this chapter we look at the economics of performing rights organizations from the perspective of the music publishers, one of the suppliers of music. One of the most important aspects of the music publishing business is the exploitation of the music copyrights in their catalogs in order to increase record sales and maximize revenue. We will examine the various ways music is licensed, sources of income for music publishers, and the royalty collection agencies involved in music licensing. The publisher’s focus is not just on managing both domestic and international master recording rights of the songwriter, but can also include licensing the image and likeness of the recording artist for merchandising as well.
Effect of N-Ethylmaleimide on the Starch-liquefying Enzyme from Soy-flour

INFORMATION regarding soy-bean enzymes catalysing the breakdown of starch is contradictory or at best conjectural. The biological function of amylases in soy-beans is obscure as the beans contain very little-starch. The consensus of opinion seems to be that soy-bean seeds are a good source of β-amylase. While some workers1–3 feel that soy-beans contain no or only traces of α-amylase, Teller's investigations4 and evidence from the effects of soy-flour on starch-viscosity measurements5–7 point to the presence of a starch-liquefying enzyme in non-germinated soy-beans. Recently8, the presence of a starch-liquefying and of a starch-saccharifying enzyme in soy-flour was demonstrated by differential thermal inactivation. This communication deals with the effect of the SH-blocking reagent N-ethylmaleimide-(NEMI) on the starch-hydrolysing enzymes of soy-flour. It is known9 that none of the α-amylase so far investigated contains free sulphydryl groups essential for enzymatic: activity. β-Amylase purified and crystallized from soy-beans has been reported10 to contain —SH groups essential for enzymatic activity.
Orientation of Benzene and Phenoxy on the Polar ZnO(0001)−Zn Surface†

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at the C K-edge has been used to investigate the orientation of benzene and phenoxy on the Zn-terminated basal face of ZnO. From these results, we deduce that benzene is oriented more or less parallel to the surface, bonding through its π orbitals, whereas the phenoxy formed on exposure to phenol is bonded through O atop Zn. Benzene has an apparent tilt angle of the ring plane with respect to the surface of 11 ± 5°, whereas exposure to phenol results in a tilt angle of 35 ± 5°. These tilt angles are similar to those obtained after adsorption on metal surfaces. The data are consistent with a stabilization mechanism of this polar surface which does not involve a substantial reconstruction.
The effect of diet on the blood pressure and heart rate of normal dogs; protein and carbohydrate.

Trained standardized dogs were fasted until the blood pressure declined to the stable fasting level and were realimented with isocaloric diets high in protein (horse meat) or in carbohydrate (rice or cracker meal). Realimentation was at low maintenance or luxus consumption levels of caloric intake. At the former level, there was no difference between the diets, but at the latter level, the systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were higher on the carbohydrate diet, while the diastolic pressure was normal or low. Preliminary fasting was necessary to obtain a prolonged effect of the carbohydrate diet. Meat appears to antagonize carbohydrate.