cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
γ -Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Brain Capillaries: Possible Site of a Blood-Brain Barrier for Amino Acids

A fraction containing capillaries and rich in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was isolated from homogenates of bovine brain cortex by density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme was localized in the endothelial cells by a histochemical procedure. γ-Glutantyl transpeptidase may function in the transfer of some amino acids across the blood-brain barrier.
Sp ( 3 , R ) mean field theory

The $\mathrm{sp}(3,R)$ mean field approximation describes collective nuclear rotation in a symplectic density matrix formalism. The densities are $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6$ matrices that are defined by the quantum mechanical expectations of the symplectic algebra generators. The 21 generators of the noncompact symplectic algebra $\mathrm{sp}(3,R)$ include the mass quadrupole and monopole moments, the kinetic energy, the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, and the angular, vibrational, and vortex momenta. The mean field approximation restricts the densities to a coadjoint orbit of the canonical transformation group $\mathrm{Sp}(3,R).$ The reduction of a $\mathrm{Sp}(3,R)$ coadjoint orbit into orbits of the dynamical symmetry group GCM(3) is proved to be consistent with the reduction of an $\mathrm{Sp}(3,R)$ discrete series representation into irreducible representations of GCM(3). This reduction places a strict bound on the range of the Kelvin circulation which is the Casimir of the 15-dimensional subalgebra gcm(3)\ensuremath{\subset}sp(3,R). The cranked anisotropic oscillator and Riemann ellipsoid model are special cases of symplectic mean field theory. The application of the Riemann model in the even-even heavy deformed region indicates that the character of low energy collective rotational modes depends only on the quadrupole deformation \ensuremath{\beta}. The energy of the first ${2}^{+}$ state in such isotopes is a simple function of \ensuremath{\beta}.
Accelerated ion-exchange chromatography of reducing sugars in neutral borate buffers

Abstract A system for the ion-exchange chromatography of reducing sugars in neutral borate buffers using sulphate as the counter-ion is described. The eluted sugars were determined by a new automatic method for reducing sugars using p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide as the colorimetric reagent. The reproducibility of the method is discussed.
Graphs with 1-factors

In this paper it is shown that if G is a connected graph of order 2n (n > 1) not containing a 1-factor, then for each k, 1 2. Let a, y E G be points of G which are a distance d apart and let D=a a ... xy be a path of length djoining a andy. Suppose Received by the editors September 5, 1972. AMS (MOS) subject classiications (1970). Primary 05C99. @ American Mathematical Society 1974
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis in a Child with Type 1 Glycogen Storage Disease

. A 6 1/2-year-old Japanese girl with type 1 glycogen storage disease developed a profound metabolic acidosis refractory to bicarbonate renal tubular acidosis and hyperphosphaturia. There was no evidence of distal tubular dysfunction.
Electrosorption of some aliphatic compounds at the mercury—solution interface☆

Abstract The electrochemical adsorption of four aliphatic compounds, i.e., n -butanol, isopentanol, n -pentanoic acid, and n -hexanoic acid has been investigated by employing a capillary electrometer of greatly improved sensitivity. As observed by previous workers from this laboratory, for each adsorbate, π versus In α curves at different polarizations were found to be superimposable by abscissa translation implying thereby that the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions in the surface layer are independent of the electrical nature of the interface and that the surface charge density varies linearly with surface excess at fixed polarization. The improved precision attained in the measurements of interfacial tension permitted construction of well-documented ln(π/α) versus π curves; such plots do not appear to have been published before. These curves resemble parabolas and for a given adsorbate, the family of these curves obtained at different polarizations were superimposable by ordinate translation. The Frumkin equation was used to fit the data for each absorbate. Three further methods that can be used to determine the parameters of the Frumkin equations are discussed. These are based on the analysis of In (π/α)-π, In α-θ, and π-In α data. The free energies of adsorption referred to specified standard states have been calculated on the basis of the Frumkin equation. The model evolved in the previous work correlating the standard free energies of adsorption with polarizabilities of the adsorbate molecules has been successfully tested.
Exploit Network Coding Over GF (2 q ) for Multi-user Cooperative Wireless Networks

In this paper, we present a decode-and-forward network coded (DFNC) scheme over GF(2 q ) for the multi-user cooperative communication systems. In particular, we consider a cooperative network with m users transmitting independent packets to the same destination. These users form a cooperation set to help each other by using linear network coding. We propose a coding coefficients construction method which can efficiently reduce the transmission overhead from m(q + log2 m) to m bits compared with conventional random network coding. Furthermore, we propose a novel decoding algorithm—credit-based updating algorithm in order to improve the solvability of decoding set of equations at the destination. The proposed decoding algorithm is combined with channel decoding and is applied on symbol-level. It can fully make use of the error recovery property of network coding while conventional decoding algorithms (e.g., Gaussian elimination) overlook it. We theoretically analyze the diversity performance in terms of information outage probability, and the results show that diversity order of m + 1 can be achieved for a m-user cooperation system. Moreover, we conduct extensive simulations to show that DFNC outperforms other transmission schemes in terms of symbol error rate and achieves higher diversity order. We also demonstrate that the proposed decoding algorithm provides significant performance gain over conventional decoding algorithm.
The relationships among gait and mobility under single and dual task conditions in community-dwelling older adults

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among gait and mobility under single and dual task conditions in older adults. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (n=41, mean age=75) completed mobility and gait tasks. Mobility was assessed with the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG). Select gait parameters were examined while individuals walked at their preferred speed across the GAITRite electronic walkway. Two age groups were studied (younger age group=65–75; older age group=76+). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between gait and mobility under single vs dual conditions. Results: Older adults required more time to complete the TUG when concurrently performing a second cognitive task (10.84 sec vs 15.77 sec). In addition, one or more gait characteristic such as stride length, cadence and stance explained (a) a high percentage of variance in mobility performance under single task conditions (TUG 74%) and (b) a smaller portion of variance in mobility performance under dual task conditions (TUGc 25%). No salient age group differences were observed in TUG performance, but gait characteristics accounted for a larger portion of variance in TUGc performance (46%) for the older age group (mean age=81) than for the younger age group (mean age=69; TUGc 18%).
Second Messengers in Neuronal Signalinga

The past decade has witnessed an enormous increase in our knowledge of the variety and complexity of intracellular signaling events that follow receptor binding on the cell surface. This overview emphasizes the phosphoinositidase C-mediated dual messenger pathway in brain and in brain-derived cells, with special reference to possible significance for research on the dementias.
A Novel Mechanism for Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Localization

Mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal regulated kinases (MAPKs/ERKs) are typically thought to be soluble cytoplasmic enzymes that translocate to the nucleus subsequent to their phosphorylation by their activating kinases or mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal regulated kinase kinase. We report here the first example of nuclear translocation of a MAPK that occurs via temporally regulated exit from a membranous organelle. Confocal microscopy examining the subcellular localization of ERK3 in several cell lines indicated that this enzyme was targeted to the Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment. Deletion analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-ERK3 uncovered a nuclear form that was carboxy-terminally truncated and established a Golgi targeting motif at the carboxy terminus. Immunoblot analysis of cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 further revealed two cleavage products, suggesting that in vivo, carboxy-terminal cleavage of the full-length protein controls its subcellular localization. In support of this hypothesis, we found that deletion of a small region rich in acidic residues within the carboxy terminus eliminated both the cleavage and nuclear translocation of GFP-ERK3. Finally, cell cycle synchronization studies revealed that the subcellular localization of ERK3 is temporally regulated. These data suggest a novel mechanism for the localization of an MAPK family member, ERK3, in which cell cycle-regulated, site-specific proteolysis generates the nuclear form of the protein.
Efficient Parallel I/o in sEismic Imaging

Although high performance computers tend to be mea sured by their processor and communication speeds, the bottleneck for many large-scale applications is the I/O performance rather than the computational or communi cation performance. One such application is the process ing of three-dimensional seismic data. Seismic data sets, consisting of recorded pressure waves, can be very large, sometimes more than a terabyte in size. Even if the computations can be performed in core, the time required to read the initial seismic data and velocity model and write images is substantial. In this paper, the authors discuss an approach in handling the massive I/O requirements of seismic processing and show the performance of their imaging code Salvo on the Intel Paragonâ¢ computer.
Qualification and Assessment of Subsea Insulation Systems

As offshore oil and gas production continues to push into deeper waters, subsea production systems are challenged to manage the inherently higher operating temperatures and pressures. As a consequence of their direct exposure to seawater, subsea “wet” insulation systems on subsea trees, manifolds, and jumpers are amongst the most affected by this progression. Due to the significant thermal gradient between the production stream and subsea environment, subsea insulation systems are constantly trying to inhibit the natural heat transfer. In an effort preserve the operational integrity of the production system, the subsea insulation system maintains the production stream temperature above the hydrate formation and wax deposition temperatures. Thus, any failures such as cracks, disbondment, or hydrolysis, substantially influence the subsea system’s operational philosophy. As a result of ExxonMobil’s observed performance challenges with wet insulation systems, a thorough qualification program was initiated in 2007 to validate the performance of a wet insulation system under simulated service conditions. The qualification consisted of 3 test phases, including basic material property tests, simulated service tests, and an extended service test, for multiple insulation systems. This paper presents an overview of select subsea insulation failures, the qualification program, and subsequent assessment of key material properties, such as tensile strength/elongation, density, and hardness.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Formation of S-[1-(N2-Deoxyguanosinyl)methyl]glutathione between Glutathione and DNA Induced by Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is an essential metabolic intermediate in human cells and can also enter into the body through environmental exposures. It is classified as a human and animal carcinogen according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Previous research has demonstrated that formaldehyde is genotoxic, causing mutations in multiple genes. However, no exogenous formaldehyde-induced DNA adducts have been detected in animals after inhalation exposure, although formaldehyde can result in N(6)-deoxyadenosine, N(2)-deoxyguanosine, and N(4)-deoxycytidine adducts in vitro. This can be partially attributed to the rapid metabolism of formaldehyde by glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme systems. Among the intermediates in the pathway of formaldehyde detoxication, S-hydroxymethylglutathione is a reactive species and has the potential to further conjugate with DNA bases. Here, we have demonstrated the formation of S-[1-(N(2)-deoxyguanosinyl)methyl]glutathione between glutathione and DNA in the presence of formaldehyde. This adduct is unique because of the involvement of S-hydroxymethylglutathione which is a key player during the detoxication of formaldehyde.
Chromatographic and biological aspects of the

Abstract The chromatographic and bicohemical aspects of the phthalate esters have been reviewed with focus on their increasing occurence in the environment their physical and biological properties as well as the salient chromatographic (gas—liquid, thin-layer, liquid—liquid) procedures that have been employed for their separation and identification.
STUDY OF IRON–CARBON MIXED CLUSTERS FeCn (n=2−5): A POSSIBLE LINEAR-TO-CYCLIC TRANSITION FROM FeC3 TO FeC4

Small Fe/C mixed clusters, , are studied by anion photoelectron spectroscopy at 3.49-eV photon energy. The spectra of and show well-resolved features and are consistent with linear-to-linear detachment transitions. The spectrum is quite broad, suggesting large geometry change from the anion to the neutral. Since is known to be linear, our data suggest that neutral FeC4 may have a cyclic structure. The spectrum of exhibits both sharp and broad features, consistent with the existence of both a linear and a cyclic isomer. A linear-to-cyclic structural transition is thus suggested to take place for the neutral FeCn clusters from n=3−4; for n<4 they are linear and for n≥4 they can be both linear and cyclic. This is similar to the linear-to-cyclic transition occurring for pure carbon clusters from n=9−10 (Ref. 10) but at a much smaller cluster size due to the presence of the Fe atom.
Image Sequence Processing For Target Estimation In Forward-Looking Infrared Imagery

This paper presents a methodology for estimating the silhouette of a target from a time sequence of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery recorded at video rates. The major problems associated with this type of imagery are noise and frame-to-frame misregistration. We achieve registration and noise smoothing by a combination of spatial and temporal processing. Edge-preserving smoothing is applied to individual frames prior to gray level thresholding. A new algorithm for finding the optimum threshold is presented. The resulting sequence of binary image frames is registered by cross-correlating the 1-D x and y projections of each frame. The computationally efficient 1 -D registration technique is just as accurate as a much slower 2-D correlation method. Temporal smoothing is realized by using a binary median filter to process frame sequences. We show that binary temporal median filtering is comparable in performance with gray level median processing followed by thresholding. Our target estimation approach is applicable in situations in which a single target exists against a background of relatively uncorrelated noise.
On a type of circulants

Abstract According to Aitken, a “retrocirculant” is the product of a circulant and a certain permutation matrix P. In [1], he determined the eigenvalues of the retrocirculants. In his proof, he used P Ω = Ω P where Ω is a certain unitary matrix. Here we present a necessary and sufficient condition for a permutation matrix to commute with Ω. We also determine the eigenvalues of many retrocirculants.
The Lp-integrability of the partial derivatives of A quasiconformal mapping

Jf(x) = lim sup m(f(B(x, r)))/m(B(x, r)), r->0 where B(x, r) denotes the open ^-dimensional ball of radius r about x and m denotes Lebesgue measure in R. We call Lf(x) and Jf(x\ respectively, the maximum stretching and generalized Jacobian for the homeomorphism ƒ at the point x. These functions are nonnegative and measurable in D, and Lebesgue's theorem implies that Jf is locally LMntegrable there. Suppose in addition that ƒ is X-quasiconformal in D. Then Lf ^ KJf a.e. in D, and thus Lf is locally L -integrable in D. Bojarski has shown in [1] that a little more is true in the case where n = 2, namely that Lf is locally L-integrable in D for p e [2, 2 + c), where c is a positive constant which depends only on K. His proof consists of applying the CalderonZygmund inequality [2] to the Hubert transform which relates the complex derivatives of a normalized plane quasiconformal mapping. Unfortunately this elegant two-dimensional argument does not suggest what the situation is when n > 2. The purpose of this note is to announce the following n-dimensional version of Bojarski's theorem. THEOREM. Suppose that D is a domain in R and that f\D^Risa K-quasiconformal mapping. Then Lf is locally L -integrable in D for p e [1, n + c\ where c is a positive constant which depends only on K and n.
Treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing hemodialysis: case report of two patients and short literature review

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may involve both kidneys. When bilateral nephrectomy is necessary renal replacement therapy is mandatory. Treating such patients with sequential therapy based on cytokines, antiangiogenic factors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors is challenging.
Bibliometrics and the evaluation of Australian sociology

The Australian government has expressed a continuing interest in the assessment of research productivity as a basic element of a 'rationalised' research funding process. Bibliometric analyses are among the techniques that the government uses to evaluate the quality of research performance. Like many other disciplines, sociology is a target of these assessments. This paper presents data to demonstrate how Australian sociology might measure up if subjected to an inquiry using these methods. Data are provided on the standing of Australian sociology internationally and on the research contributions of major Australian universities. Several important methodological issues are reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that Australian sociologists would be well served by becoming active participants in the ongoing national debate over the assessment of research performance and the allocation of funding for tertiary education and science.
Reorganizing freshman business mathematics II: authentic assessment in mathematics through professional memos

The first part of this two-part paper (13) described the development of a new freshman business mathematics (FBM) course at our college. In this paper, we discuss our assessment tool, the business memo, as a venue for students to apply mathematical skills, via mathematical modelling, to realistic business problems. These memos have proven a crucial step in turning our FBM course around from a dreaded course with little connection to students’ intended careers into a course where students experience the power of mathematics for solving problems and informing decisions. Comments from students in the course throughout its 6-year history clearly point to the course's value and importance.
Rigid body collisions of a special class of planar kinematic chains

The rigid body collisions of a special class of planar kinematic chains with rough and flat surfaces are studied. The common aspect of this class of problems is the configuration of the chain immediately before impact. One end of the mechanism strikes the surface while the other end is resting on the surface before contact and both ends are free to detach following the impact event. The methodology also accounts for velocity reversals at the contact points and addresses the difficulties associated with the resting end. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology and emphasize some special aspects of the underlying problems. >
Nuclear polyadenosine diphosphoribosylation during restricted macromolecular synthesis of HeLa cells.

Abstract The relationships of macromolecular synthesis of intact HeLa cells has been correlated with the ability of nuclei to carry out the ADP ribosylation of nuclear proteins. 1. 1. Selective restriction of DNA replication by hydroxyurea and cytosine arabinoside caused an increase in the rate of enzyme activity similar to that observed when DNA synthesis ceased during the asynchronous growth cycle of the cells. 2. 2. Restriction of cellular protein synthesis, by either amino acid deprivation or cycloheximide inhibition did not affect the specific activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. 3. 3. A significant inhibition of both the rate of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and ADP-ribose acceptor activity of nuclei and chromatin was noted when RNA synthesis was inhibited by actinomycin D only in vivo and not in vitro . Response was dose dependent, with a minimum of 1 μg/ml required for inhibition. Inhibition occurred within 30 min indicating the possibility of a labile species of RNA being involved. 4. 4. Inhibition of cellular RNA by cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) also caused inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in purified nuclei. The data further characterize the structural nucleic acid components of chromatin necessary for ADP ribosylation of nuclear proteins.
Celebrating 40 years of the Academy of Management Journal

The 1998 volume of the Academy of Management Journal (AMJ) marks the 40th anniversary of its publication. This special section was commissioned by the current editor, Anne Tsui, to commemorate the ...
Vacuum ultraviolet magneto-optical studies of ferromagnetic metals using synchrotron radiation

Abstract Magneto-optical spectroscopy of ferromagnetic metals is extended beyond the quartz limit using synchrotron radiation. Real and imaginary parts of the off-diagonal elements of the conductivity tensor are obtained from transverse Kerr effect measurements and optical constants. The magneto-optical spectra for rare-earth metals along with recent vacuum ultraviolet optical data show evidence of 4f excitations, and predict a 4f optical threshold for Gd at 6.1 eV. The magneto-optical spectra of transition metal ferromagnets exhibit primary features resulting from the joint density of states. Structure in the magneto-optical spectra of Ni confirms corresponding peaks observed in recent vacuum ultraviolet optical studies, and assigns the structure to threshold minority spin transitions originating from near the Fermi level. This interpretation agrees with previous conclusions based on infrared magneto-optical studies, and supports the Stoner model description of the magnetic ground state of ferromagnetic Ni.
Effects of surfactants and polymers on advancing and receding contact angles

Abstract Advancing and receding contact angles of several aqueous surfactant and polymer solutions were measured on paraffin wax (PF), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyethylene (PE). The polymers used included hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). Plots of adhesion tension, γLVcosθ, versus surface tension, γLV, were used to analyze factors influencing the ability of the polymers to affect advancing contact angles, relative to surfactants. Whereas all polymers and surfactants exhibited predictable and nonspecific effects on PF, the more hydrophobic polymers HPC and HPMC and all surfactants on PMMA, PET, and PE were less efficient in reducing the contact angle than a pure liquid with the same surface tension. These observations were interpreted in terms of the relative adsorption of solute at the solid—liquid and liquid—vapor interfaces. Receding contact angle measurements revealed no specific effects on PF for any solute, nor did the more hydrophilic polymers show specific effects on any solid. However, the hydrophobic polymers, HPC and HPMC, at all concentrations, and all surfactants above a certain concentration, caused zero degree receding angles to occur on all solids except PF, even when advancing angles were quite high. These effects are attributed to the specific nature of polymer and surfactant adsorption at the solid surface.
A four‐gene biomarker predicts skin disease in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

Objective Improved outcome measures in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are critical to finding active therapeutics for this disease. The modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) is the current standard for evaluating skin disease in SSc, but it is not commonly used in the clinical setting, in part because it requires specialized training to perform accurately and consistently. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether skin gene expression might serve as a more objective surrogate outcome measure to supplement skin score evaluations. Methods Skin RNAs from a group of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc were studied for expression levels of genes known to be regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interferon (IFN). These levels were correlated with the MRSS, using multiple regression analyses to obtain best-fit models. Results Skin expression of the TGFβ-regulated genes cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) correlated moderately well with the MRSS, but the addition of other TGFβ-regulated genes failed to significantly improve best-fit models. IFN-regulated genes were also found to correlate with the MRSS, and the addition of interferon-inducible 44 (IFI44) and sialoadhesin (Siglec-1) to COMP and TSP-1 in multiple regression analyses significantly improved best-fit models, achieving an R2 value of 0.89. These results were validated using an independent group of skin biopsy samples. Longitudinal scores using this 4-gene biomarker indicated that it detects change over time that corresponds to changes in the MRSS. Conclusion We describe a 4-gene predictor of the MRSS and validate its performance. This objective measure of skin disease could provide a strong surrogate outcome measure for patient care and for clinical trials.
On The Aetiology of Shear Layer Vortices

In an effort to isolate the mechanism by which streamwise structures form in turbulent wall layers, evolution equations were derived for the streamwise velocity and vorticity perturbations about a mean turbulent shear flow. ‘Mean’, of course, implies an average and the form of average is most important. One serious candidate is Reynolds-Hussain averaging, but because the instantaneous velocity is broken into mean, periodic and fluctuating components, difficulties arise in specifying terms which result from phase averages of fluctuating velocities and time averages of phase velocities. Such problems are less acute if the Generalized Lagrangian mean (GLM) equations of Andrews fc McIntyre (1978) are employed and that is the approach taken. The GLM formulation — which is an exact mapping of the Navier Stokes equation —was constructed with wave/mean flow interactions in mind. In turbulent flow, however, the wave field is not explicit but exists as feedback from the the global or rectified effect of turbulence fluctuations throughout the layer. The net effect of this implicit wave field is captured formally in terms of space-time correlations at convection delay through two vector quantities, the Stokes drift and the pseudomomentum. Since these correlations have, for the most part, been measured, the resulting nonlinear evolution equations may be closed by appeal to experiment.
Death stroked by dusty air: more mysteries to be solved.

Commentary on the paper by Yamazaki et al ( see page 17 ) After several reports in the early 1990s showing excessive mortality associated with unexpectedly low concentrations of particulate matter, substantial research efforts have been devoted to investigating particulate matter health effects and elucidating the related pathophysiological mechanism. Despite remaining knowledge gaps, epidemiological and toxicological studies have provided reasonably coherent evidence supporting the significance of particulate matter-mediated acute cardiovascular effects.1 Among the mounting volume of literature on air pollution epidemiology, multi-city ecological studies using time-series or case-crossover analyses have reported fairly consistent associations between increased concentrations of particulate matter over short periods of one or several days and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (eg, hospitalisations and emergency visits). However, scientific data linking air pollution to stroke, including ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), remain relatively scant and inconclusive.2 In this issue, Yamazaki et al 3 present a case-crossover study examining the acute effect of particles on mortality from stroke among elderly people (aged ⩾65 years) across 13 Japanese cities in 1990–1994. They found that …
Faculty experience of flipping the classroom: Lessons learned

“Flipping the classroom” is gaining in popularity. The flipped classroom permits active learning and student engagement whereby the traditional class time is transformed into an active learning experience in which students can apply knowledge and interact with their peers and perform “hands-on” activities. This descriptive phenomenological study focused on the lived experiences of nursing faculty implementing a flipped classroom into the medical/surgical curriculum. The faculty’s experience with implementing and adapting to non-traditional teaching learning methods of the “flipped” classroom in their medical/surgical classes is shared. The themes expressed by faculty are presented in the two overall categories of: Faculty concerns and Faculty benefits. Lastly, lessons learned and recommendations are also presented.
Treatment of Pulps of Monkeys with Vancomycin and Calcium Hydroxide

Surgically exposed, infected permanent teeth of monkeys were capped with four agents. Microscopic study after 30 and 90 days revealed considerable success in teeth treated with a mixture of vancomycin and calcium hydroxide, or with calcium hydroxide and methyl cellulose.
Changing Risk, Return, and Leverage: The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis

This paper explores risk and return relations in six Asian equity markets affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. After the start of the crisis, national equity betas increased and average returns fell substantially. Beta increases due to leverage linked to exchange rates. The increase in expected return needed to accompany this rise in beta is made possible through the creation of capital losses that lower average returns. We propose a new probability-based asset pricing model that captures leverage effects using valuation ratios. Results show the role of leverage in explaining the likelihood of the financial crises. Crosssectional evidence supports time-series findings.
Rapid and robust signaling in the CsrA cascade via RNA–protein interactions and feedback regulation

Bacterial survival requires the rapid propagation of signals through gene networks during stress, but how this is achieved is not well understood. This study systematically characterizes the signaling dynamics of a cascade of RNA–protein interactions in the CsrA system, which regulates stress responses and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Noncoding RNAs are at the center of the CsrA system; target mRNAs are bound by CsrA proteins that inhibit their translation, CsrA proteins are sequestered by CsrB noncoding RNAs, and the degradation of CsrB RNAs is increased by CsrD proteins. Here, we show using in vivo experiments and quantitative modeling that the CsrA system integrates three strategies to achieve rapid and robust signaling. These strategies include: (i) the sequestration of stable proteins by noncoding RNAs, which rapidly inactivates protein activity; (ii) the degradation of stable noncoding RNAs, which enables their rapid removal; and (iii) a negative-feedback loop created by CsrA repression of CsrD production, which reduces the time for the system to achieve steady state. We also demonstrate that sequestration in the CsrA system results in signaling that is robust to growth rates because it does not rely on the slow dilution of molecules via cell division; therefore, signaling can occur even during growth arrest induced by starvation or antibiotic treatment.
Children Are Cursed An Asymmetric Bias in Mental-State Attribution

Young children have problems reasoning about false be- liefs. We suggest that this is at least partially the result of the same curse of knowledge that has been observed in adults—a tendency to be biased by one's own knowledge when assessing the knowledge of a more naive person. We tested 3- to 5-year-old children in a knowl- edge-attribution task and found that young children exhibited a curse- of-knowledge bias to a greater extent than older children, a finding that is consistent with their greater difficulty with false-belief tasks. We also found that children's misattributions were asymmetric. They were limited to cases in which the children were more knowledgeable than the other person; misattributions did not occur when the children were more ignorant than the other person. This suggests that their difficulty is better characterized by the curse of knowledge than by more gen- eral egocentrism or rationality accounts.
Developmentally regulated protein-tyrosine kinase genes in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Dictyostelium discoideum, an organism that undergoes development and that is amenable to biochemical and molecular genetic approaches, is an attractive model organism with which to study the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in cell-cell communication. We report the presence of protein-tyrosine kinase genes in D. discoideum. Screening of a Dictyostelium cDNA expression library with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody identifies fusion proteins that exhibit protein-tyrosine kinase activity. Two distinct cDNAs were identified and isolated. Though highly homologous to protein kinases in general, these kinases do not exhibit many of the hallmarks of protein-tyrosine kinases of higher eucaryotes. In addition, these genes are developmentally regulated, which suggests a role for tyrosine phosphorylation in controlling Dictyostelium development.
Polymeric Materials for Tissue Engineering of Arterial Substitutes

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. The limited availability of healthy autologous vessels for bypass grafting procedures has led to the fabrication of prosthetic vascular conduits. Synthetic polymeric materials, while providing the appropriate mechanical strength, lack the compliance and biocompatibility that bioresorbable and naturally occurring protein polymers offer. Vascular tissue engineering approaches have emerged in order to meet the challenges of designing a vascular graft with long-term patency. In vitro culture techniques that have been explored with vascular cell seeding of polymeric scaffolds and the use of bioactive polymers for in situ arterial regeneration have yielded promising results. This review describes the development of polymeric materials in various tissue engineering strategies for the improvement in the mechanical and biological performance of an arterial substitute.
Surface plasmon polaritons in silver-gold sandwich structure

We propose to use silver/gold sandwich structures to combine the advantages of silver and gold - two materials of choice for nanoplasmoics and metamaterials. We report on the preparation, characterization, and theoretical modeling of the proposed system.
Rate-Dependent Mixed H 2 /H ∞ Filtering for Time Varying State Delayed LPV Systems

The paper addresses the design of parameter-dependent mixed H2/H∞ filters for output estimation of an LPV plant that includes time-varying delay. It is assumed that the state-space data depend continuously on parameters whose trajectories are not known a priori but can be measured in real-time. We investigate the required conditions to guarantee asymptotic stability, H2 and H∞ requirements in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Our synthesis conditions, that provide mixed H2/H∞ filters, are dependent linearly on the rate of change of the delay. We take the estimation error into account as the performance index and design the filters to minimize the output energy subject to a bound on the Lscr2-gain from noise to estimation error. The designed filters are shown to have the capability of tracking the desired outputs of the plant in the presence of external disturbances and time varying delays. We examine two classes of filters, one that is memoryless and another one that has memory in the filter dynamics. It is shown that the time-delayed filter results in reduced conservatism and improved performance. Illustrative examples are used to verify the design methodology and to demonstrate the superiority of using the proposed delayed configuration compared to the memoryless scheme
An Adaptive Partitioning Scheme for Sleep Scheduling and Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents an adaptive partitioning scheme of sensor networks for node scheduling and topology control with the aim of reducing energy consumption. Our scheme partitions sensors into groups such that a connected backbone network can be maintained by keeping only one arbitrary node from each group in active status while putting others to sleep. Unlike previous approaches that partition nodes geographically, our scheme is based on the measured connectivity between pairwise nodes and does not depend on nodes' locations. In this paper, we formulate node scheduling with topology control as a constrained optimal graph partition problem, which is NP-hard, and propose a Connectivity-based Partition Approach (CPA), which is a distributed heuristic algorithm, to approximate a good solution. We also propose a probability-based CPA algorithm to further save energy. CPA can ensure K-vertex connectivity of the backbone network, which achieves the trade-off between saving energy and preserving network quality. Moreover, simulation results show that CPA outperforms other approaches in complex environments where the ideal radio propagation model does not hold.
β-Hemolysin–Independent Induction of Apoptosis of Macrophages Infected with Serotype III Group B Streptococcus

Group B streptococcus (GBS) induces apoptosis in macrophages. Growth conditions minimizing beta-hemolysin expression, such as high glucose, reduce apoptosis. We constructed an isogenic mutant strain of GBS 874391 lacking the beta-hemolysin structural gene cylE and investigated the role that beta-hemolysin plays in apoptosis of J774 macrophages. Viability of macrophages infected with wild-type or cylE GBS was similar and significantly less than that of macrophages infected with GBS grown in high-glucose media. Thus, apoptosis in GBS-infected macrophages is dependent not on beta-hemolysin but on a factor coregulated with beta-hemolysin by glucose.
Chitosan-cellulose composite for wound dressing material. Part 2. Antimicrobial activity, blood absorption ability, and biocompatibility.

Chitosan (CS), a polysaccharide derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide, is widely used in the medical world because of its natural and nontoxic properties and its innate ability for antibacterial and hemostasis effects. In this study, the novel composites containing CS and cellulose (CEL) (i.e., [CEL + CS]), which we have previously synthesized using a green and totally recyclable method, were investigated for their antimicrobial activity, absorption of anticoagulated whole blood, anti-inflammatory activity through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. The [CEL + CS] composites were found to inhibit the growth of both Gram positive and negative micro-organisms. For examples, the regenerated 100% lyophilized chitosan material was found to reduce growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739 and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 51299) by 78, 36, and 64%, respectively. The composites are nontoxic to fibroblasts; that is, fibroblasts, which are critical to the formation of connective tissue matrix were found to grow and proliferate in the presence of the composites. They effectively absorb blood, and at the same rate and volume as commercially available wound dressings. The composites, in both air-dried and lyophilized forms, significantly inhibit the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by stimulated macrophages. These results clearly indicate that the biodegradable, biocompatible and nontoxic [CEL + CS] composites, particularly those dried by lyophilizing, can be effectively used as a material in wound dressings.
Fresh Goat's Milk for Infants: Myths and Realities—A Review

Many infants are exclusively fed unmodified goat's milk as a result of cultural beliefs as well as exposure to false online information. Anecdotal reports have described a host of morbidities associated with that practice, including severe electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia, allergic reactions including life-threatening anaphylactic shock, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and infections. We describe here an infant who was fed raw goat's milk and sustained intracranial infarctions in the setting of severe azotemia and hypernatremia, and we provide a comprehensive review of the consequences associated with this dangerous practice.
Pathological and therapeutic distinctions in HUS/TTP

Sir—S Dundas and colleagues (Oct 16, p 1327) report that in a survey of 22 adults with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS)/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with E coli O157, a significant benefit for plasma exchange was not found. However, while correctly noting that the value of plasma exchange “needs to be shown definitively in a multicentre, randomised controlled trial”, they persist in recommending this procedure for such patients as “a promising treatment”. I disagree. The theoretical basis for their recommendation includes the fact that plasma exchange is highly effective in idiopathic HUS/TTP as well as HIV and ticlopidine-linked disease. The researchers then draw parallels between the microangiography and increased concentrations of circulating von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers seen in HUS/TTP, and E coli O157associated disease. These parallels are, I believe, unwarranted. HUS/TTP associated with chemotherapy, malignancy, and the shiga toxins, which are elaborated by E coli O157, are pathologically quite distinct from those forms of HUS/TTP in which plasma exchange is known to be effective. The main lesion in all forms of HUS/TTP is a thrombotic angiopathy. However, in the forms associated with shiga toxin and malignancy, fibrin thrombi predominate and can occur in the microvasculature as well as the larger vessels of all organs, including the lungs. This latter point was well illustrated by the prominent pulmonary disease seen in 14 of the 22 patients reported. Dundas and colleagues report that lesions are accompanied by necrosis and inflammation. In clear contrast, lesions in idiopathic, HIV, and ticlopidine-associated HUS/TTP are restricted to the microvasculature. The lesions involve endothelial cell and platelet plugging of vessels more than fibrin thrombi, never involve large vessels nor the pulmonary microvasculature, and show endothelial cell apoptosis, not inflammation or necrosis. Also, ultra-high molecular weight vWF multimers are characteristic of idiopathic, HIV, and ticlopidineassociated HUS/TTP but are not, as Dundas and colleagues assert, typically seen in the other forms. These in-vivo changes are paralleled by apoptosis induced in vitro by plasma from patients with acute idiopathic and HIV-associated HUS/TTP in primary human endothelial cells of the microvasculature of all tissues except the lung. After plasmapheresis, patient plasma no longer induces such apoptosis. Plasma from patients with shiga toxin or cancer-associated HUS/TTP does not cause such apoptosis. The distinct pathology and pathophysiology of the various forms of HUS/TTP tell us that despite similar clinical patterns, they are very different diseases. The fact that plasma infusions, even without plasma exchange, have proven so effective in the idiopathic, HIV, and ticlopidine-associated forms, but remain of no documented value in the other types, is not surprising.
Wood-Anderson Installation at Buffalo

Through the kind generosity of Harry O. Wood and the manufacturers of the Wood-Anderson seismometer, Fred C. Henson Company, a long-period instrument was loaned to Canisius College for a study of building-tilt under the influence of solar radiation. These tests were continued through the summer of 1932, but definite measurements of tilt due to solar heat revealed complications not attributable to this cause directly. The study was continued during winter months under conditions of artificial heating in the building, and it was found that even slight temperature-changes caused appreciable shifting of the zero. Whether this shift is due to building-tilt, or solely to a temperature-effect in the instrument, has not been determined.
Distribution of Eastern Chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in the Shawnee National Forest, Southern Illinois: Why Are They Missing from the Eastern Shawnee?

Abstract We live-trapped small mammals at 12 sites and compiled data from 3 previous live-trapping studies to document the distribution of the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) in the Shawnee National Forest (SNF) in southern Illinois. Chipmunks were not captured at sites in large areas of the eastern SNF. We collected data on canopy composition and coarse woody debris (CWD) at 8 sites where chipmunks were absent and 5 sites where they were present. Canopy composition and CWD did not differ significantly between sites with and without chipmunks. We could not recognize any geographic barriers that would prevent dispersal into the eastern SNF by chipmunks. Thus, the absence of chipmunks in the eastern SNF seems inexplicable at this time.