cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bulk Temperature, Heat-Transfer Coefficient, and Nusselt Number - Revisited

Convective heat transfer on surfaces is often presented in the form of the heat-transfer coefficient (h) or nondimensionally in the form of the Nusselt number (Nu). For internal flows, h and Nu depend on the bulk temperature in addition to the geometry and the nature of the flow. However, the bulk temperature is clearly defined only for a simple duct without flow separation. Also, even when it is well defined, it is hard to measure experimentally so that it is often approximated when experimentalists measure h. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to examine several approximations of the bulk temperature that are commonly used in experimental measurements and how these approximations affect the measured heat-transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. The effects of compressibility and temperature-dependent properties on heat-transfer and Nusselt are also examined. The test problem used is flow and heat transfer in a straight duct with a circular cross section under laminar and turbulent conditions and under compressible and incompressible flow conditions with constant and temperature-dependent properties. This test problem was selected because exact solutions and well-established correlations exist for the incompressible-flow cases to validate the CFD and to assess the errors created by the approximations to the bulk temperature. Nomenclature
Geist and Communication in Kant's Theory of Aesthetic Ideas

In his Critique of the Power of Judgement , Kant explicates the creation of works of fine art ( schone Kunst ) in terms of aesthetic ideas. His analysis of aesthetic ideas claims that they are not concepts ( Begriffe ) and are therefore not definable or describable in determinate language. Nevertheless, Kant claims that aesthetic ideas are communicable via spirit ( Geist ), a special mental ability he associates with artistic genius. This paper argues that Kant's notion of Geist is central to his analysis of fine art's expressive power. The notion of Geist constitutes a conceptual link between Kant's aesthetic theory and that of G. W. F. Hegel, for whose analysis Geist is the subject.
Tumors and proliferative lesions in adult offspring after maternal exposure to methylarsonous acid during gestation in CD1 mice

Developmental exposure to inorganic arsenic is carcinogenic in humans and mice, and adult offspring of mice exposed to inorganic arsenic can develop tumors of the lung, liver, adrenal, uterus, and ovary. It has been suggested that methylarsonous acid (MMA3+), a product of the biological methylation of inorganic arsenic, could be a key carcinogenic species. Thus, pregnant CD1 mice were provided drinking water containing MMA3+ at 0 (control), 12.5, or 25 parts per million (ppm) from gestational days 8 to 18. Tumors were assessed in groups of male or female (initial n = 25) offspring up to 2 years of age. In utero treatment had no effect on survival or body weights. Female offspring exhibited increases in total epithelial uterine tumors (control 0%; 12.5 ppm 26%; 25 ppm 30%), oviduct hyperplasia (control 4%; 12.5 ppm 35%; 25 ppm 43%), adrenal cortical adenoma at 25 ppm (control 0%; 12.5 ppm 9%; 25 ppm 26%), and total epithelial ovarian tumors (control 0%; 12.5 ppm 39%; 25 ppm 26%). Male offspring showed dose-related increases in hepatocellular carcinoma (control 0%; 12.5 ppm 12%; 25 ppm 22%), adrenal adenoma (control 0%; 12.5 ppm 28%; 25 ppm 17%), and lung adenocarcinoma (control 17%; 12.5 ppm 44%). Male offspring had unusual testicular lesions, including two rete testis carcinomas, two adenomas, and three interstitial cell tumors. Overall, maternal consumption of MMA3+ during pregnancy in CD1 mice produced some similar proliferative lesions as gestationally applied inorganic arsenic in the offspring during adulthood.
ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN THE MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Forty years since the initial discovery of neurogenesis in the postnatal rat hippocampus, investigators have now firmly established that active neurogenesis from neural progenitors continues throughout life in discrete regions of the central nervous systems (CNS) of all mammals, including humans. Significant progress has been made over the past few years in understanding the developmental process and regulation of adult neurogenesis, including proliferation, fate specification, neuronal maturation, targeting, and synaptic integration of the newborn neurons. The function of this evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, however, remains elusive in mammals. Adult neurogenesis represents a striking example of structural plasticity in the mature CNS environment. Advances in our understanding of adult neurogenesis will not only shed light on the basic principles of adult plasticity, but also may lead to strategies for cell replacement therapy after injury or degenerative neurological diseases.
Incidence and management of occult hemothoraces

Abstract Background Little is known about the incidence of and associated management outcomes of occult hemothorax in blunt trauma patients. The increased use of computed thoracic tomography for the evaluation of the multiply injured blunt trauma patient has led to an increase in the identification of these hemothoraces and management dilemmas. Methods A retrospective review of blunt trauma patients with occult hemothoraces was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: chest tube versus no chest tube. Outcomes and complications for the 2 groups were defined. Data included demographics, Injury Severity Score, length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation and thoracic consult, pneumonia, and empyema. The size of the occult hemothorax was measured on the computed thoracic tomography. Results Eighty-eight patients (21.4%) had a total of 107 occult hemothoraces. Patients in the chest tube group were more likely to have a higher Injury Severity Score and an associated occult pneumothorax and to have smaller hemothoraces. Conclusions Occult pneumothoraces occur in a significant proportion of the multiply injured blunt trauma population. Small, isolated, occult hemothoraces can be managed safely in the stable patient.
Using Comparative Feedback to Influence Workplace Energy Conservation: A Case Study of a University Campaign

Although research suggests that feedback on energy usage can generate savings in residential and organizational settings, investigations into the effectiveness of comparative feedback efforts have been fragmented and the findings inconclusive. To help fill this gap, we present research on the effectiveness of a comparative feedback campaign in promoting energy conservation at a university. Surveys were administered in 2009 (n = 2,112) and 2012 (n = 1,601) to measure the extent to which a comparative feedback campaign influenced behavioral determinants, such as conservation-related subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitudes, as well as self-reported behaviors. Results indicate that respondents in participating buildings increased their energy conservation behaviors and perceptions of descriptive norms. Furthermore, participating buildings reduced their energy consumption (kWh/ft 2 ) by 6.5%, whereas non-participating buildings increased energy consumption by 2.4%. Our results show promise for
Classification of robotic sensor streams using non-parametric statistics

We extend our previous work on a classification algorithm for time series. Given time series produced by different underlying generating processes, the algorithm predicts future time series values based on past time series values for each generator. Unlike many algorithms, this algorithm predicts a distribution over future values. This prediction forms the basis for labelling part of a time series with the underlying generator that created it given some labelled exam piles. The algorithm is robust to a wide variety of possible types of changes in signals including mean shifts, amplitude changes, noise changes, period changes, and changes in signal shape. We improve upon the speed of our previous approach and show the utility of the algorithm for discriminating between different states of the robot/environment from robotic sensor signals.
Differentiation of parietal endoderm cells of the guinea pig yolk sac, with particular reference to the development of endoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract Cytodifferentiation in parietal endoderm cells was studied by light and electron microscopy in yolk sacs of guinea pigs between 22 days of gestation and term (67–70 days). The parietal yolk sac endoderm forms an epithelial covering of the margin of the chorioallantoic placental disc. Early in gestation the epithelium is simple, but during the middle of pregnancy the endoderm proliferates rapidly to become a thick pseudostratified layer. Late in gestation the epithelium is again reduced in thickness. Early in the course of differentiation the endoderm cell cytoplasm contains large numbers of free polyribosomes and scant elements of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By 28–30 days, granular ER becomes highly developed, consisting of dilated fenestrated cisternae. By 34–38 days, however, agranular ER, in the form of anastomosing tubules, becomes the dominant cytoplasmic feature of these cells. In addition, whorls or lamellae of agranular membranes are present. From 40 days to term there is little change in the distribution of ER. The granular ER appears to be involved in the synthesis of Reichert's membrane. The functional significance of the well developed agranular ER is not known, but the possibilities that it may be involved in steroid or carbohydrate metabolism are discussed.
Reversal of warfarin associated coagulopathy with 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage.

Abstract Warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage is associated with a high mortality rate. Ongoing coagulopathy increases the likelihood of hematoma expansion and can result in catastrophic hemorrhage if surgery is performed without reversal. The current standard of care for emergency reversal of warfarin is with fresh frozen plasma (FFP). In April 2013, the USA Food and Drug Administration approved a new reversal agent, 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), which has the potential to more rapidly correct coagulopathy. We sought to determine the feasibility and outcomes of using PCC for neurosurgical patients. A prospective, observational study of all patients undergoing coagulopathy reversal for intracranial hemorrhage from April 2013 to December 2013 at a single, tertiary care center was undertaken. Thirty three patients underwent emergent reversal of coagulopathy using either FFP or PCC at the discretion of the treating physician. Intracranial hemorrhage included subdural hematoma, intraparenchymal hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. FFP was used in 28 patients and PCC was used in five patients. International normalized ratio at presentation was similar between groups (FFP 2.9, PCC 3.1, p = 0.89). The time to reversal was significantly shorter in the PCC group (FFP 256 minutes, PCC 65 minutes, p p
Quantitative measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia for apnea detection

The authors computed the discrete Wigner distribution (DWD) of the instantaneous heart rate for six male subjects. The power of the ventilation frequency decreased during the segment of the experimental protocol that included no breathing. Parameters extracted from the time-frequency distribution corresponding to respiratory sinus arrhythmia may be useful in conjunction with a typical apnea detection algorithm that is prone to false alarms due to movement artifacts in the ventilation signal. >
The game of scale: decision making with economies of scale

While diffusion of innovation topics in economics and majority games in game theory have been widely studied, the impact of economy-of-scale effects in aggregated decision making has received little attention. In this paper, we present a basic model, the Game of Scale, to study the effects of economy-of-scale in decision making among a large pool of self-interested agents. We solve the model's static equilibria and present two dynamic decision models, one myopic and one trend-following. Most of the parameter space converges quickly; however, the behaviors exhibited near critical input values show drastic changes. We demonstrate how trend-following can improve global outcomes over myopic decision making. Finally, we describe how the game can be externally controlled.
Meaning making in mothers’ and children's narratives of emotional events

Narrative coherence and the inclusion of mental state language are critical aspects of meaning making, especially about stressful events. Mothers and their 8- to 12-year-old children with asthma independently narrated a time they were scared, frustrated, and happy. Although mothers’ narratives were generally more coherent and more saturated with mental state language than children's narratives, for both mothers and children narratives of negative events were more coherent and contained more mental state language than narratives of positive events overall, and narratives of scary events contained more mental state language than narratives of frustrating events. Coherence appears to be multifaceted, in that the three dimensions of coherence coded, context, chronology, and theme were not strongly interrelated within narratives of the same event, but use of mental state language, including cognitive-processing and emotion words, appears to be more integrated. Moreover, while thematic coherence seems to be a c...
Three distinct messenger RNA distribution patterns in human jejunal enterocytes

Abstract Background & Aims: The importance of messenger RNA (mRNA) localization in human enterocytes is poorly understood. Previous studies from our laboratory have indicated that mRNAs are asymmetrically distributed in human intestinal epithelial cells, but in general colocalized with their encoded proteins. The aim of this study was to characterize, in human enterocytes, mRNA localization patterns of three genes with distinctly different functions. Methods: mRNA distribution was determined by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes in tissue sections of human jejunum. Results: The mRNA for villin, a well-characterized microvillus cytoskeletal protein, was sorted to the basal region of the enterocyte. The mRNA for human sodium glucose cotransporter 1 was localized to the apical region, and the mRNA for human liver fatty acid–binding protein was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm. Conclusions: The three distinct mRNA distribution patterns suggest that active mRNA sorting mechanisms exist in human enterocytes. This study also reveals for the first time that dichotomies may occur between the distribution patterns of sorted mRNAs and their encoded proteins. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;115:86-92
A brief history of social scientists’ attempts to measure passionate love

The concept of passionate love has a long history, yet it was not until the 1940s that social scientists created tools designed to measure this emotion. Over the next 60 years, numerous scales of romantic and passionate love were created and tested. Currently, however, there exists no single compendium of existing scales. This paper attempts to fill in the missing information on existing love scales by providing a list of 33 different measures and indicating where each scale’s reliability and validity information can be found. We close by attempting to explain how scholars’ conceptions of the nature of love have changed over the years, and how these historical and scientific changes are reflected in the scales designed to measure passionate love.
Differentiation of Rodent Immune and Hematopoietic System Reactive Lesions from Neoplasias

The immune and hematopoietic systems play an important role in the normal homeostasis of blood and blood cells and for immune responses to endogenous and exogenous processes and insults. In order to interpret histopathologic changes in the immune and hematopoietic systems, it is important to understand the normal anatomy and histology of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other tissues. The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes can be categorized by anatomical compartments, each of which contributes to specific immune functions. Lesions may be diagnosed by interpretive or descriptive (semiquantitative) methods. The interpretation of these tissues by lesion in anatomical compartments should allow for better understanding of these reactions and more definitive pathologic findings. Proliferative lesions may be difficult to differentiate from lymphomas and leukemias. The use of immunohistochemistry, compartmental pathology, and methods for the evaluation of clonality will make interpretation easier.
Price Manipulation and Quasi‐Arbitrage

In an environment where trading volume affects security prices and where prices are uncertain when trades are submitted, quasi-arbitrage is the availability of a series of trades that generate infinite expected profits with an infinite Sharpe ratio. We show that when the price impact of trades is permanent and time-independent, only linear price-impact functions rule out quasi-arbitrage and thus support viable market prices. When trades have also a temporary price impact, only the permanent price impact must be linear while the temporary one can be of a more general form. We also extend the analysis to a time-dependent framework.
Impacts of Climate Change on Scour-Vulnerable Bridges: Assessment Based on HYRISK

More than 20% of the bridges in the United States were built more than 50 years ago, at a time in which intense precipitation events were much less common. However, very little work has been done on the use of scour risk-assessment models to assess how climate change increases bridge failure probabilities. This paper develops a risk-assessment framework based on HYRISK, a model developed to assess the probability of a bridge failure due to scour, and illustrates oneway in which current engineering risk-assessment models can be used to quantify the additional risks and expected economic losses associated with a changing climate. Application of this framework to all bridges in the United States that carry vehicular traffic over water finds that economic losses due to climate change factors will increase by at least 15% over current losses and that the expected number of annual bridge failures in the United States will increase by at least 10% over current failures. Climate-based risk measures, such as those developed as part of this study, could be included in asset management systems to help state DOTs prioritize maintenance, operation, and replacement schedules. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000109. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Bridges; Scour; Risk management; Climate change. Author keywords: Bridge scour; Risk assessment; Climate change.
Exploring RNA-ligand interactions*

RNA molecules play essential roles in biological processes and are evolving as im- portant targets for therapeutic intervention. Small molecules that specifically bind unique RNA sites and prevent the formation of functional RNA folds or RNA-protein complexes can modulate cell functions and can become of therapeutic potential. To explore such recog- nition events and to fabricate discovery assays, effective biophysical tools need to be ad- vanced. When carefully designed, new fluorescent nucleosides can serve an unparalleled role in such studies. Our criteria for "ideal" fluorescent nucleoside analogs include: (a) high struc- tural similarity to the native nucleobases to faithfully mimic their size and shape, as well as hybridization and recognition properties; (b) red-shifted absorption bands; (c) red-shifted emission band (preferably in the visible); (d) a reasonable emission quantum efficiency; and, importantly, (e) sensitivity of their photophysical parameters to changes in the micro- environment. Our program, aimed at the development of new emissive isomorphic nucleo- side analogs, has yielded several useful nucleobases. Selected analogs were implemented in fluorescence-based assays. This overview presents the motivation for this work by introduc- ing RNA-ligand interactions and discusses the design and synthesis of fluorescent isosteric nucleobase analogs and their utilization for the fabrication of "real-time" fluorescence-based biophysical assays.
Simulation of the dynamics of an industrial robot

The authors describe the design, dynamical analysis, and control simulation of an industrial robot manipulator. The choice of links and motors is explained in practical terms. Dynamics modeling is done in terms of the Lagrange-Euler formulation. Proportional-integral-differential and computed-torque-controllers are then used to simulate the control of the arm. Simulation results are provided for different parameters values and different control commands. A complete overview of the design, dynamic modeling, and control of a robot manipulator such as the one presented by the authors should be of benefit for undergraduate students, because many do not have a formal course on robotics in their curriculum. >
Theological Education: A Theological Framework for Renewed Mission and Models

: This essay explores renewed ways to reimagine theological education. Incarnation is used as a theological lens that engages anew “the transmission of Christian memory, the education for God's peace and justice, and the formation of church and community leadership.” Attention is given to apprenticeship, project-based learning, distributed learning, and global learning, and concludes with implications for governance and faculty.
Stereo vision in teleoperation: interactions between motion in depth and static depth

It is shown that the percept of motion in depth interacts with the percept of static depth, and this interaction may result in small, but highly statistically significant, static depth distortions. This interaction fades with time, but persists at least one second. Specifically, an object that moves toward or away from the stereo cameras, and then stops, is perceived as being located in a different depth plane than the same object when perceived without prior motion. Four trained human observers were tested with high-resolution, low-distortion stereo camera configurations. With a viewing distance of 1.3 m, motion-induced static depth distortions on the order of millimeters and/or fractions of millimeters were measured. All the motion-induced distortions were reduced with static depth viewing time. In addition, operator certainty for static depth discriminations increased with static depth viewing time. One may avoid adverse performance effects due to these distortions by training operators to make motions in depth slightly smaller than would seem necessary, and then to pause a few seconds between motions in depth and precision work. >
Nonheme Oxoiron(IV) Complexes of Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine with cis-Monoanionic Ligands

Treatment of [FeIV(O)(TPA)(NCMe)](CF3SO3)2 [TPA, N,N,N-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine] with 3 equiv of NR4X (X = CF3CO2, Cl, or Br) in MeCN at −40 °C affords a series of metastable [FeIV(O)(TPA)(X)]+ complexes. Some characteristic features of the S = 1 oxoiron(IV) unit are quite insensitive to the ligand substitution in the equatorial plane, namely, the Fe−O distances (1.65−1.66 A), the energy (∼7114.5 eV) and intensity [25(2) units] of the 1s-to-3d transition in the X-ray absorption spectra, and the Mossbauer isomer shifts (0.01−0.06 mm·s-1) and quadrupole splittings (0.92−0.95 mm·s-1). The coordination of the anionic X ligand, however, is evidenced by red shifts of the characteristic near-IR ligand-field bands (720−800 nm) and spectroscopic observation of the bound anion by 19F NMR for X = CF3CO2 and by EXAFS analysis for X = Cl (rFe-Cl = 2.29 A) and Br (rFe-Br = 2.43 A). Density functional theory calculations yield Mossbauer parameters and bond lengths in good agreement with the experimental data and produ...
Predicting the Effect of CYP3A Inducers on the Pharmacokinetics of Substrate Drugs Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling: An Analysis of PBPK Submissions to the US FDA

We recently published analyses regarding the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs. We now analyze and summarize the predictive performance of PBPK models for the effect of CYP3A inducers on a substrate’s pharmacokinetics. This analysis was based on 11 substrate PBPK models, developed by six sponsors, using a commercial PBPK software, with 13 clinical interaction studies. Four CYP3A inducers were used: rifampicin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, and efavirenz. Sponsors either directly used the software-provided inducer models or verified these models’ induction magnitude prior to use. The metric for assessing predictive performance was the R predicted/observed value [R predicted/observed = (predicted mean exposure ratio)/(observed mean exposure ratio)], with the exposure ratio defined as maximum plasma concentration (C max) or area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) with and without an inducer. In 77 % (10/13; AUCR) and 83 % (10/12; C max R) of the cases, the R predicted/observed values were within 1.25-fold of the observed data. Cases with R predicted/observed values >1.25-fold (>twofold for all three AUCR) were under-predictions as a result of using the PBPK software’s default rifampicin model. Improved predictions were observed when the rifampicin model was modified by increasing the induction potency. Based on submissions to the FDA, and similar to our previous findings for CYP inhibition, we observed good agreement between PBPK-predicted and observed effect of CYP3A inducers on substrate pharmacokinetics. Verification of the inducer model appears to be crucial for improved predictive performance.
Alimentary lipemia and coronary artery disease in two racial groups.

Abstract Six-hour postalimentary plasma turbidity curves were studied in 26 white and 26 Negro patients without evidence of coronary artery disease. The relative incidence of documented myocardial infarction in the population from which this group was selected is 2.2 white to 1 Negro. No differences in the degree of alimentary lipemia or in the number of individual abnormal responses were found. These data are not consistent with the view that intensified alimentary lipemia is a significant predisposing etiologic factor in coronary artery disease.
Application of a GA/Bayesian Filter-Wrapper Feature Selection Method to Classification of Clinical Depression from Speech Data

This paper builds on previous work in which a feature selection method based on Genetic Programming (GP) was applied to a database containing a very large set of features that were extracted from the speech of clinically depressed patients and control subjects, with the goal of finding a small set of highly discriminating features. Here, we report improved results that were obtained by applying a technique that constructs clusters of correlated features and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) search that seeks to find the set of clusters that maximizes classification accuracy. While the final feature sets are considerably larger than those previously obtained using the GP approach, the classification performance is much improved in terms of both sensitivity and specificity. The introduction of a modified fitness function that slightly favors smaller feature sets resulted in further reduction of the feature set size without any loss in classification performance.
Synthesis of coagulation factor V by cultured aortic endothelium

Bovine aortic endothelium has been examined with respect to the synthesis of coagulation factor V. After cultured cells reached confluency, samples of supernatant culture media and solubilized cells were analyzed for factor V in a two-stage bioassay and in a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In addition, preconfluent cells were pulsed for 4 days with 35S-methionine in methionine-free media. After the 4-day pulse, supernatant media were chromatographed on a factor V monoclonal antibody-Sepharose resin to isolate 35S-labeled factor V. The isolated material and 125I-factor V standards were analyzed by electrophoresis and autoradiography. The bioassay indicated an increase, with time, of unactivated factor V in the culture supernatant, whereas solubilized cells were negative for factor V. The radioimmunoassay indicated an increase, with time, of factor V antigen in the culture supernatants, and the solubilized cells yielded a constant level of antigen per cell. Autoradiograms of electrophoretograms of immunoadsorbed 35S-culture supernatant with 125I-factor V/Va standards revealed labeled proteins with electrophoretic mobilities compatible with 125I-factor V/Va standards. The data obtained from three different sources-bioassay, radioimmunoassay, and 35S-methionine incorporation-all indicate that factor V is synthesized by cultured bovine aortic endothelium.
Amblyomma americanwn: Area Control of Overwintered Nymphs and Adults in Oklahoma with Acaricides

Overwintered populations of free-living nymphs and adults of Amblyomma americanum (L.) in Oklahoma were treated with sprays (bulk rate of 47–77 liters/ha) of permethrin, propoxur, diazinon, and naled and with concentrated (14%) granules of diazinon during May and June of 1977, 1978, and 1979. Chlorpyrifos and stirofos were used as standards for comparison. The effects of the treatment control were measured with a Dry Ice® sampling method for 6 weeks posttreatment. Probit analysis of the 6 week dose-control data indicated that 90% effective doses (ED90) for sprays of permethrin, propoxur, diazinon, and naled were 0.17, 0.48, 0.72, and 0.87 kg AI/ha, respectively, and for diazinon granules were 0.98 kg AI/ha. Chlorpyrifos and stirofos were shown to be 85% effective at labeled rates of 0.28 and 1.1 kg AI/ha, respectively.
Implementation of local guidelines for cost-effective management of hypertension. A trial of the firm system.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an intensive intervention to implement guidelines for cost-effective management of hypertension on medication use and cost, blood pressure control, and other resource use. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort trial based on the Cleveland Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center Firm System. SETTING: General internal medicine teaching clinic in a large university-affiliated Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: All patients seen in the intervention firm (n=1273) and control firm (n=884) clinics in the 3-month period following the introduction of the guidelines. INTERVENTIONS: The control firm received guidelines and usual education for the cost-effective outpatient management of hypertension. The intervention firm received guidelines plus intensive guideline-based education and supervision. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The use of guideline medications was greater in the intervention firm as compared with the control. The intervention firm initiated more hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CU 14.8, 20.1) of patients versus 11.9% (CI 9.3, 14.8) in the control firm (p=.002). Atenolol was initiated in 7.2% (CI 5.6, 9.0) in intervention firm versus 4.7% (CI 3.2, 6.6) in the control (p=.03). In addition, the use of nonguideline medications was less in the intervention firm. The intervention firm initiated less long-acting nifedipine, 7.8% (CI 6.0, 9.8) versus 10.6% (CI 8.2, 13.5) in the control (p=.04). Blood pressure control demonstrated greater improvement in the intervention firm (p=.02). Use of guidelines was associated with decreased costs for antihypertensive medications in the intervention firm as a whole as compared with the control firm. There was no increased use in other measured resources in the intervention firm including the number of outpatient laboratory services obtained, clinic visits, emergency room visits, or hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive implementation of guideline-based education and supervision was associated with an increased use of guideline medications, decreased use of costly alternative agents, and no decrement in the measured outcomes of care.
Research on the formation of dimensional chain when thread hob rolls thread by axial intake on doubleroller machine

The paper finds out the factor of affecting thread precision through analysis of the formation of dimension chain when thread hob(cutlery) rolls thread by axial intake on doubleroller machine,and presents methods and measures of settlement.Thus great improvements made in the diffirents precision of rolled,the grade of product and economic benefit of enterprise.
Hydrogen Sulfide Mediates Ion Fluxes in Root of Poplars under NaCl Stress

Using the non-invasive micro-test technique (NMT), the effects of exogenous NaHS (a H2 S donor) on ion fluxes in roots were investigated in a salt-tolerant species Populus euphratica and a salt-sensitive poplar spcies Populus popularis under the instantaneous salt stress (100 mmol·L-1 NaCl) and short-term salt stress (24 h, 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl). Both NaCl stress caused a K+ flux in roots of the poplar, and the salt-induced K+ flux was markedly inhibited by 50 μmol·L-1 NaHS. Moreover, the Na+ flux increment could be induced by NaHS under short-term salt stress, and also could be effectively inhibited by amiloride (a Na+ /H+ antiporter inhibitor) or sodium orthovanadate (a plasma membrane H+ -ATPase inhibitor). The results showed that the effects of H2 S on the inbition of K+ flux and the enhancement of Na+ /H+ antiport were more remarkably in the salt-sensitive P. popularis, compared to the salt-resistant P. euphratica. These concluded that the beneficial effects of H2 S were presumably due to the upward regulation of Na+ /H+ antiport system (H+ pump and Na+ /H+ antiporter), which drived the Na+ /H+ exchange across the PM, and simultaneously restricted the K+ flux through depolarization-ac- tivated channels.
Interface Design for Thin Film Adhesion

Technological demands for good adhesion performance of thin coatings on critical surfaces arise in many applications. Examples include reflective coatings on optical components, chrome plating for corrosion protection, metallic contacts and conducting patterns on semiconductor chips and their packaging substrates, enamel glazing, low-friction coatings, and magnetic thin films for data storage applications.
Race/Ethnicity as a Predictor for Location of Death in Patients With Acute Neurovascular Events.

Background Site of death is an important quality indicator for patients with terminal illness. Racial and ethnic disparities exist in the quality of end-of-life care. This study explores the site of death of patients admitted for and dying of complications of acute neurovascular events in a hospital network in an urban, low-income, predominantly minority community. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to 1 of 3 general hospitals that are part of an academic medical center in Bronx, New York, with the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage who died during the index admission or were discharged with hospice services. The main outcome was location of death (palliative care inpatient unit [IPU] at the medical center or hospice services at discharge vs death on any other IPU). Results A total of 655 patients admitted with acute neurovascular events from January 1, 2009, to March 1, 2015, died or were discharged with hospice services and were included in the analysis. Of those patients, 238 (36.3%) were black, 233 (35.5%) were Hispanic, and 184 (28.1%) were white. A total of 178 (24.4%) died on the palliative care unit or were discharged with hospice services, including 55 black patients (23.1%), 52 (28.3%) white patients, and 53 (22.7%) Hispanic patients. These differences were not statistically significant, even when controlling for confounders. Conclusion This study did not show a difference in site of death in our institution by race or ethnicity, which is considered an important quality end-of-life care metric.
Integration Strategies of Pharmacists in Primary Care-Based Accountable Care Organizations: A Report from the Accountable Care Organization Research Network, Services, and Education

BACKGROUND: The accountable care organization (ACO) is an innovative health care delivery model centered on value-based care. ACOs consisting of primary care providers are increasingly becoming commonplace in practice; however, medication management remains suboptimal. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: As experts in medication management, pharmacists perform direct patient care and assist in the transition from one provider to another, which places them in an ideal position to manage multiple aspects of patient care. Pharmacist-provided care has been shown to reduce drug expenditures, hospital readmissions, length of stay, and emergency department visits. Although pharmacists have become key team members of interdisciplinary teams within traditional care settings, their role has often been overlooked in the primary care-based ACO. In 2015, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy founded the Accountable Care Organization Research Network, Services, and Education (ACORN SEED), a team of pharmacy practice facult...
Non-cardiac Surgery After Heart Transplantation

In spite of ongoing advancements in both medical and device-related therapy, heart transplantation is still an important therapeutic option for many patients with end stage heart disease. Compared to 20 years ago, patients are living longer after transplantation and frequently require non-cardiac surgery. There are a number of unique perioperative challenges necessitating careful thought when developing an anesthetic plan for these patients. Accordingly, this chapter highlights the physiologic changes that occur after cardiac transplantation, discusses the pharmacotherapy associated with transplantation, and reviews the anesthetic considerations unique to patients that have previously undergone cardiac transplantation.
Alteration of plant species assemblages can decrease the transmission potential of malaria mosquitoes.

Knowledge of the link between a vector population's pathogen-transmission potential and its biotic environment can generate more realistic forecasts of disease risk due to environmental change. It also can promote more effective vector control by both conventional and novel means. This study assessed the effect of particular plant species assemblages differing in nectar production on components of the vectorial capacity of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s., an important vector of African malaria. We followed cohorts of mosquitoes for 3 weeks in greenhouse mesocosms holding nectar-poor and nectar-rich plant species by tracking daily mortalities and estimating daily biting rates and fecundities. At death, a mosquito's insemination status and wing length were determined. These life-history traits allowed incorporation of larval dynamics into a vectorial capacity estimate. This new study provided both novel assemblages of putative host plants and a human blood host within a nocturnal period of maximum biting. Survivorship was significantly greater in nectar-rich environments than nectar-poor ones, resulting in greater total fecundity. Daily biting rate and fecundity per female between treatments was not detected. These results translated to greater estimated vectorial capacities in the nectar-rich environment in all four replicates of the experiment (means: 1,089.5 ± 125.2 vs. 518.3 ± 60.6). When mosquito density was made a function of survival and fecundity, rather than held constant, the difference between plant treatments was more pronounced, but so was the variance, so differences were not statistically significant. In the nectar-poor environment, females' survival suffered severely when a blood host was not provided. A sugar-accessibility experiment confirmed that Parthenium hysterophorus is a nectar-poor plant for these mosquitoes. Synthesis and applications. This study, assessing the effect of particular plant species assemblages on the vectorial capacity of malaria mosquitoes, highlights the likelihood that changes in plant communities (e.g. due to introduction of exotic or nectar-rich species) can increase malaria transmission and that a reduction of favourable nectar sources can reduce it. Also, plant communities' data can be used to identify potential high risk areas. Further studies are warranted to explore how and when management of plant species assemblages should be considered as an option in an integrated vector management strategy.
International Teleconsultation on Conjoined Twins Leading to a Successful Separation: A Case Report

Conjoined twins are identical twins that have incompletely separated in utero. The prognosis for conjoined twins is poor and management in a skilled tertiary care centre is paramount for definitive care. We describe our experience with a telemedical consultation on conjoined twins in The Dominican Republic from our eHealth centre in Valhalla, NY. The patients were two month old, female, pygopagus conjoined twins. A multidisciplinary teleconference was initiated with the patients, their family, the referring paediatrician and our team. Based on this teleconsultation, the team felt as though the twins may be amenable to a surgical separation. They presented to our centre in Valhalla, NY, for a detailed physical examination and series of imaging studies. Soon after, the patients underwent a successful 21 h separation procedure and were discharged 12 weeks later. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of an international teleconsultation leading to a successful conjoined twin separation procedure.
Burnout and Stress Among US Surgery Residents: Psychological Distress and Resilience.

Background Burnout among physicians affects mental health, performance, and patient outcomes. Surgery residency is a high-risk time for burnout. We examined burnout and the psychological characteristics that can contribute to burnout vulnerability and resilience in a group of surgical trainees. Study Design An online survey was distributed in September 2016 to all ACGME-accredited general surgery programs. Burnout was assessed with an abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory. Stress, anxiety, depression, resilience, mindfulness, and alcohol use were assessed and analyzed for prevalence. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to determine the magnitude of presumed risk and resilience factors. Results Among 566 surgical residents who participated in the survey, prevalence of burnout was 69%, equally driven by emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Perceived stress and distress symptoms (depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety) were notably high across training levels, but improved during lab years. Higher burnout was associated with high stress (OR 7.8; p Conclusions High levels of burnout, severe stress, and distress symptoms are experienced throughout general surgery training, with some improvement during lab years. In this cross-sectional study, trainees with burnout and high stress were at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation. Higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with lower risk of burnout, severe stress, and distress symptoms, supporting the potential of mindfulness training to promote resilience during surgery residency.
The Skin Conductance Orienting Response, Attention, and Schizophrenia

This chapter reports a series of investigations of the relationships between the skin conductance orienting response (SCR OR) and measures of automatic and controlled information processing during basic information processing tasks that are of general interest to psychophysiologists. These have included a variety of orienting tasks and also classical conditioning. We have been particularly interested in studying the effect of manipulating attention to stimuli on the SCR OR and cognitive processing measures. We began by examining attentional processes and their psychophysiological correlates in normal college undergraduates, and then extended these studies to include a population of recent-onset schizophrenic patients, a population where fundamental mechanisms of attention and information processing are agreed to be abnormal.
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxial Growth of Group III Nitrides

Organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) is the premier growth technique for group III-nitride thin films and device heterostructures. Generic OMVPE systems, precursor gases, chemistries of the reactions both within the gas phase and on (0001) surfaces of chemically modified sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) and SiC substrates containing an intermediate buffer layer as well as GaN substrates are described for growth of nitride compounds and solid solutions. Origins of the dislocations formed during film growth and methods for reduction are also considered. Group III nitride films are noncentrosymmetric. Single films exhibit spontaneous polarization along ; heterostructures between films exhibit an additional piezoelectric polarization at interfaces of these polar surfaces that is detrimental to the operation of optoelectronic devices. Growth on nonpolar and semipolar surfaces of GaN substrates to mitigate this problem is detailed.
Discrete Event Formalisms and Simulation Model Development

The theory and techniques of discrete event modelling and simulation have advanced substantially over the past two decades. An integrative approach, making use of discrete event formalisms, should now be used when developing computer simulations. An important formalism is the DEVS model — a mathematical representation of the class of discrete event systems. Other formalisms, such as modelling strategies, provide a “world view” in which to conceptualize the simulation model.
Transiently raised intraocular pressure reveals pattern electroretinogram losses in ocular hypertension.

PURPOSE It is known that the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) of normal subjects is reduced temporarily after short-term elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). The authors evaluated PERG changes in ocular hypertension during and after transient IOP elevation. METHODS Steady state (8 Hz) PERGs to sinusoidal gratings (1.7 cyc/deg spatial frequency) were recorded in seven untreated patients with ocular hypertension at medium risk (maximum IOP, 22 to 25 mm Hg; cup-disk ratio, 0.6 to 0.7; normal Humphrey 30-2 visual field results; positive family history), as well as in six age-matched normal subjects. Recordings were obtained for the baseline condition during a short-term (6-minute) IOP elevation (to 30 mm Hg) by using a suction cup apparatus and during a 6-minute recovery period after removal of the apparatus. RESULTS During IOP elevation, PERG amplitudes were reduced significantly from baseline values in normal subjects and patients. However, PERG losses were significantly greater in patients (average loss from baseline after 4 minutes of IOP elevation: 72% +/- 7.6%) compared to controls (average loss after 2 minutes of IOP elevation: 40% +/- 7.5%). In the recovery phase, mean PERG amplitude returned to baseline values in normal subjects but not in patients, whose recovery took longer. In normal subjects, PERG phase did not change either during or after IOP elevation. In patients, however, PERG phase showed a delay from baseline during and after IOP elevation (average delay after 6 minutes of recovery: -41.1 degrees +/- 13 degrees). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that increasing IOP with scleral suction produces greater PERG losses in eyes with ocular hypertension than in normal eyes. This suggests that the inner retina of eyes with ocular hypertension may have a heightened sensitivity to vascular or mechanical changes induced by transient IOP elevation.
Oral vitamin B12 to improve aromatase inhibitors (AI)-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS).

e21679Background: Breast cancer patients undergoing Aromatase Inhibitor (AI) therapy often experience many side effects, which include musculoskeletal and joint pain. Vitamin B12 has often been use...