cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of a short-term medical mission trip: Evaluation of pharmacy interventions and perceived clinical competence in an interprofessional setting

Abstract Objectives To describe student pharmacists’ impact on an interprofessional team through documented interventions and to evaluate student health care professionals’ perceived competence concerning changes in therapeutic knowledge through participation in a medical mission trip. Methods Clinical interventions made by student pharmacists were prospectively collected during four clinic days. Intervention data included adult and pediatric dosing recommendations, medication recommendations, therapeutic substitution based on available formulary, and counseling. A pre-survey and a post-survey were anonymously administered to all pharmacy and physician assistant student participants. The survey consisted of questions based on a Likert scale that assessed perceived competence of medication knowledge and opinions regarding their participation in an interprofessional environment. Results Student pharmacists made 624 interventions, including counseling of 420 patients, 78 dosing changes, 63 pediatric dosing calculations, 35 therapeutic substitutions, and 28 medication recommendations. A total of 25 student health care professionals completed the survey. Improvements were found in all questions pertaining to medication knowledge ( p p = 0.414) and understanding of an interprofessional health care setting ( p = 0.564) due to initial positive opinions in the pre-survey. Conclusion Participation in the medical mission trip allowed student pharmacists to provide therapeutic interventions as a member of an interprofessional team. It also provides a unique opportunity for student health care professionals to practice clinical knowledge and improve perceived clinical competence in a direct patient care setting.
Solutal transport in rectangular nanochannels under pressure-driven flow conditions

In this article, we investigate the effect of channel sidewalls on the transport of neutral samples through rectangular conduits under pressure-driven flow and small zeta potential conditions. Our analyses show that while these structures can significantly reduce the streaming potential in small aspect ratio rectangular channels, they introduce a very minor variation in the sample velocity with the extent of Debye layer overlap in the system. Moreover, the increase in sample dispersion due to the channel side-regions has been shown to be nearly independent of the Debye layer thickness and very comparable to that reported under simple pressure-driven flow conditions. Interestingly however, a simple one-dimensional (1D) model that decouples band broadening arising due to diffusional limitations across the depth and width of the rectangular conduit has been shown to capture the predicted dependence of the Taylor–Aris dispersion coefficient on the channel aspect ratio under all operating conditions with less than 3% error.
Manipulating IR Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Graphene

Exploiting the dependence of graphene conductivity on the electric bias field, we theoretically investigate the manipulation, routing, waveguiding and scattering of surface-plasmon polaritons along graphene at IR wavelengths, proposing a “flatland” paradigm for optical metamaterials.
Serotonin Antagonists: Should They Be Used in Palliative Medicine? (327)

Objectives 1. Recognize the reasons for conducting the survey and the process undertaken by AAHPM to conduct it. 2. Recognize the methodology and challenges of conducting such a survey. 3. Discuss the survey to identify its strengths and weaknesses. This will help the AAHPM Business Practice Task force with future surveys. As the field of hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) has developed, information on salaries and benefits has been lacking. Physicians considering a position in the field have little idea what compensation to expect. Hospices and palliative care programs looking to hire physicians have little information on what to benchmark in developing compensation packages. In a 2009 survey initiated by the AAHPM Business Practice Task Force, members indicated a need for information about salaries and benefits for HPM practitioners. With this in mind, the committee developed a physician compensation survey to provide this information. This workshop will review the development of the survey and the factors that affect the compensation that HPM practitioners receive. The results of the survey will be reviewed. The impact of practice setting (ie, hospital based versus home hospice based) will be detailed, as well as the influence of tax status. Regional differences will be analyzed and discussed. Individual factors such as board certification, other specialty certification, and years in practice will be explored. Elements of compensation including base salary incentives bonuses and additional pay for call will be reported. Benefits such as health insurance, educational stipends, and malpractice coverage will be evaluated. At the end of this discussion, participants will have a greater understanding of the determinants most important to physician compensation. Note: Detailed salary information will be available for purchase through the Academy. This workshop has been supported by the AAHPM Business Practice Task Force.
Hiatal hernia in the dog and cat: a retrospective study of 16 cases.

Sixteen cases of hiatal hernia were diagnosed in cats and dogs at the University of Tennessee between 1978 and 1989. Three cases were found as incidental findings during thoracic or abdominal radiography and another two cases were found during post mortem examination. The remaining 11 cases were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The results of conservative or surgical therapy were reviewed. Not all animals with a hiatal hernia were symptomatic. Five animals with signs underwent surgery and another three had surgical intervention but were asymptomatic. Medical management was successful in controlling the signs in two animals showing signs consistent with reflux oesophagitis. One dog with ‘shortened oesophagus syndrome’ was treated inappropriately with conventional surgical techniques used in veterinary medicine for hiatal hernia. This study clearly emphasises the need to evaluate carefully each dog or cat with hiatal hernia before choosing the best therapeutic plan.
Physical and chemical methods used to enhance the structure and mechanical properties of protein films: A review

Abstract Efforts for developing protein films as biodegradable packaging materials have increased in recent years. One of the drawbacks of such films is that their functional properties are generally inferior to those of synthetic films. Although protein films typically have excellent gas barrier properties, they tend to have higher water vapor permeability, are mechanically weaker, and have lower elongation as compared to most synthetic polymers. This paper will review the various methods that have been reported to enhance the physical and barrier properties of protein films. The effects of film formulation and preparation conditions, including plasticization, pH alteration, and lipid addition, on the functional properties of protein films are discussed. The paper also offers a comprehensive review of the various methods used to modify protein film functional properties, including cross-linking techniques induced by heat, chemical, enzymes, and irradiation, and use of nanocomposites to enhance their barrier properties. A critical comparison of the different technical solutions is offered, and the challenges and potential applications of these films are discussed.
Necrotic foci, elevated chemokines and infiltrating neutrophils in the liver of glycogen storage disease type Ia

Background/Aims Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) patients manifest the long-term complication of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) of unknown etiology. We showed previously that GSD-Ia mice exhibit neutrophilia and elevated serum cytokine levels. This study was conducted to evaluate whether human GSD-Ia patients exhibit analogous increases and whether in GSD-Ia mice a correlation exists between immune abnormalities and, biochemical and histological alterations in the liver. Methods Differential leukocyte counts and cytokine levels were investigated in GSD-Ia patients. Hepatic chemokine production, neutrophil infiltration, and histological abnormalities were investigated in GSD-Ia mice. Results We show that GSD-Ia patients exhibit increased peripheral neutrophil counts and serum interleukin-8 (IL-8). Compared to normal subjects, HCA-bearing GSD-Ia patients have a 2.8-fold higher serum IL-8 concentration, while GSD-Ia patients without HCA have a 1.4-fold higher concentration. Hepatic injury in GSD-Ia mice is evidenced by necrotic foci, markedly elevated infiltrating neutrophils, and increased hepatic production of chemokines. Conclusions Peripheral neutrophilia and elevated serum chemokines are characteristic of GSD-Ia with HCA-bearing GSD-Ia patients having the highest serum IL-8. In GSD-Ia mice these elevations correlate with elevated hepatic chemokine levels, neutrophil infiltration, and necrosis. Taken together, peripheral neutrophilia and increased serum chemokines may indicate hepatic injuries in GSD-Ia.
Tissue Factor-Thrombin–PAR-1 Pathway: A Novel Link Between Bone Marrow and Blood Vessel

Transplant arteriopathy (TA) is an important limitation to graft survival following solid organ transplantation.1 TA is a result of immune-mediated mechanisms and results in intimal hyperplasia (IH) and vascular occlusion. Our understanding of the mechanism for this process is expanding to include an important role for host derived-circulating cells, including cells that adopt a smooth muscle cell phenotype within the intima of vessels.2 In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , Chen and colleagues3 add to this understanding of TA in a new and unexpected way that suggests that the tissue factor (TF)-thrombin–PAR-1 pathway may provide an important link between the bone marrow and blood vessels. See accompanying article on page 42 To further define the role of circulating cells in TA, Chen and colleagues used a model in which expression of a tethered form of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is driven from the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) promoter. Thus, cells expressing α-SMA express this tethered protein that …
Left Ventricular Performance and Pulmonary Circulation Following Addition of Nitrous Oxide to Morphine during Coronary-artery Surgery

The effects of nitrous oxide on ventricular performance and pulmonary circulation were studied in 12 patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary-artery disease and normal ventricular contractility who had received 2 mg/kg morphine intravenously. Seventeen studies were performed intraoperatively, five before and 12 after cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial revascularization. Recordings were obtained during oxygen breathing and during nitrous oxide administration. Fifty per cent nitrous oxide significantly decreased mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.05), cardiac index (P less than 0.01), stroke index (P less than 0.01), left ventricular stroke work index (P less than 0.01), peak left ventricular dP/dt (P less than 0.05) and dP/dt/P (P less than 0.01), and heart rate-systolic arterial pressure product (P less than 0.01). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (P less than 0.05), pulmonary artery occluded pressure (P less than 0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance (P less than 0.05) increased. Heart rate, right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. When nitrous oxide was discontinued, all variables returned to control except mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Responses were similar before and after cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial revascularization. These findings suggest that nitrous oxide depresses left ventricular performance when administered intraoperatively to patients who have received large doses of morphine for coronary-artery surgery. Nitrous oxide also increases pulmonary vascular resistance, possibly via alpha-adrenergic stimulation.
Time domain vector potential formulation for the solution of electromagnetic problems

Several techniques have been proposed for the solution of Maxwell's equations, such as FDTD, which rely on discretization of Maxwell's equations in time. These techniques are attractive because of their simplicity but are limited to dealing with structures with low dispersion characteristics. Other techniques such as condensed TLM offer superior characteristics in terms of dispersion but are more demanding in terms of computer resources. Attempts to use the vector potential formulation by discretization of the vector potential wave equation have also been made in the past. Although the scheme is attractive because of some of the advantages of the TLM technique, they have the shortcoming of the difficulties in implementing metal boundaries. In this paper a new technique for the solution of scattering problems based on discretization of Maxwell's equations in vector potential form (VP) is presented. This new technique maintains the advantage of condensed node representation as in the vector potential formulation, but offers an easy way to treat metal boundaries.
The Optics of Surface Plasmons

Abstract : This reprint studied numerically the reflection, transmission, and conversion to radiation fields of surface polaritons or radiation fields incident (a) onto the end face of a polariton active medium or (b) from one polariton active medium to another separated by a variable width barrier. This problem was modeled by placing shorting planes above and below the propagation surface to limit to a discrete number the propagating mode. Surface plasmon polaritons are a classic example of electromagnetic waves that are guided by a surface. Additional keywords: wave propagation; electromagnetic waves. (Author).
Impact sounds due to sudden accelerations

Abstract Impacting bodies are subjected to large transient accelerations and these accelerations could be a significant source of impact noise. It is shown that the maximum acoustic energy that can be radiated due to the sudden accelerations is related to the kinetic energies of the fluid flows in the vicinity of the bodies before and after the impact. For experimentally realizable impacts of hard spheres, only a small fraction of this maximum energy is actually radiated, and for impacts occurring in real machines, this fraction is likely to be even smaller. Sudden accelerations are thus unlikely to be a major source of impact noise.
Enhancing exposure therapy for PTSD with yohimbine HCL: Protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled study implementing subjective and objective measures of treatment outcome

Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy is considered a gold standard protocol for the treatment of PTSD, and it is associated with large treatment effect sizes in combat veteran samples. However, considering high rates of PTSD in the present veteran population, ongoing research work is important toward improving treatment efficiency by decreasing time to symptom amelioration and increasing the amount of symptom amelioration. The proposed research aims to enhance exposure therapy outcomes for veterans with PTSD via combination treatment with PE and yohimbine hydrochloride (HCL), an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. The proposed investigation entails a randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effect of a single administration of yohimbine HCL (paired with the first session of imaginal exposure) on outcome of PE in 40 veterans with PTSD. An additional goal is to establish a pragmatic method of tracking psychophysiological measures over the course of therapy for incorporation into future clinical psychotherapy trials. Thus, in addition to traditional self- and clinician-reported psychological outcomes, heart rate and skin conductance reactivity will be measured during a standard trauma-specific imagery task before, during, and after PE treatment. We will further investigate whether changes in psychophysiological measures predict changes in patient- and clinician-reported outcome measures.
Predicting the Salary Satisfaction of Exempt Employees.

This study examined the degree to which salary satisfaction can be predicted using company-maintained information commonly available to salary administrators. Predictors included years of continuous service, educational level, annual performance rating, an estimate of career potential, monthly salary, a measure of the most recent salary increase, and employee gender. A variety of hypotheses derived from Lawler's (1971) model of pay satisfaction also were tested, focusing on the relative contribution of perceived performance, perceived job demands, certain non-monetary outcomes, and external and internal pay equity. The research utilized a sample of managerial, professional, and technical employees from a large national oil company. The results suggest that without the inclusion of a variety of employee perceptions, only a small proportion of pay satisfaction can be accounted for, with salary and sex representing the primary objective predictors. Perceived performance, perceptions regarding supervision, advancement opportunity, and the company's benefit package, and both external and internal pay equity, were related to pay satisfaction in the direction predicted by Lawler's model. The implications of not being able to estimate pay system perceptions using company-maintained sources of information are discussed along with the results supporting certain key components of Lawler's model of pay satisfaction.
Minimally invasive basilic vein harvest for arteriovenous fistula transposition using a laryngoscope

PURPOSE: The standard lengthy surgical incision used for basilic vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) transposition is associated with significant discomfort, scarring and risk of wound complications. Minimally invasive vein dissection using a laryngoscope is an inexpensive alternative which has been successfully used for saphenous vein harvesting and which we have applied to the basilic vein for laryngoscopic-assisted AVF transposition (L-AVF/T). METHODS: During this technique, the basilic vein is mobilized through two small incisions, one in the axilla and the second just proximal to the cubital fossa. Ultrasound examination is used to map the location of the largest distal venous branch, either the forearm basilic vein or the median cubital vein. An important element of exposure is incising the superficial investing fascia longitudinally over the vein, allowing the working space to expand. RESULTS: L-AVF/Ts were constructed in 47 patients during a 20 month time period. Mean age was 62 (18-87) years. Twenty-five (53%) patients were women, sixteen (34%) were obese and twenty-eight (60%) were diabetic. All veins were successfully harvested and there were no neurologic injuries. Primary and cumulative patency rates were 80% and 92%, respectively, at one year with follow-up ranging between 1-20 months (mean = 4 months). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive dissection of the basilic vein for vascular access transposition using laryngoscopic assistance is safe, reliable and cost efficient with good short-term patency and functional outcomes.
Satisfaction, Alternatives, Investments, and the Microfoundations of Audience Cost Models

In this paper, we suggest that the Investment Model of Commitment, developed in social psychology, offers a solution to an important microfoundational issue in audience cost theory. Audience cost models are useful for thinking about the foreign policy behaviors of democratic and nondemocratic states. However, they often assume that citizens reliably penalize leaders who break their foreign policy promises even though the empirical record suggests this is not always the case. We argue that public commitment to foreign policy assets and relationships is a precondition for the application of audience costs. Using the UN and NATO as case studies, we hypothesize that the commitments people develop to international organizations emerge as a function of (1) their satisfaction with the performance of the organization, (2) the investments in those organizations, and (3) an assessment of the alternatives to these associations. Correlational and experimental tests of the model confirm that the strongest individual-l...
Toxicological Considerations for Pharmaceutical Products

This chapter is designed to highlight some of the general toxicologic concepts, for example species selection, duration and dosing, which should be taken into consideration when designing a nonclinical investigatory programme intended to support development of pharmaceutical agents. The extent and types of studies needed as well as their timing relevant to the stage of clinical development are discussed. For questions regarding nonclinical development programmes for specific products, regional regulatory agencies should be consulted. Keywords: nonclinical; pharmaceutical; medicinal; drug; regulatory toxicology; ICH
Analysis of protein dynamics at active, stalled, and collapsed replication forks

Successful DNA replication and packaging of newly synthesized DNA into chromatin are essential to maintain genome integrity. Defects in the DNA template challenge genetic and epigenetic inheritance. Unfortunately, tracking DNA damage responses (DDRs), histone deposition, and chromatin maturation at replication forks is difficult in mammalian cells. Here we describe a technology called iPOND (isolation of proteins on nascent DNA) to analyze proteins at active and damaged replication forks at high resolution. Using this methodology, we define the timing of histone deposition and chromatin maturation. Class 1 histone deacetylases are enriched at replisomes and remove predeposition marks on histone H4. Chromatin maturation continues even when decoupled from replisome movement. Furthermore, fork stalling causes changes in the recruitment and phosphorylation of proteins at the damaged fork. Checkpoint kinases catalyze H2AX phosphorylation, which spreads from the stalled fork to include a large chromatin domain even prior to fork collapse and double-strand break formation. Finally, we demonstrate a switch in the DDR at persistently stalled forks that includes MRE11-dependent RAD51 assembly. These data reveal a dynamic recruitment of proteins and post-translational modifications at damaged forks and surrounding chromatin. Furthermore, our studies establish iPOND as a useful methodology to study DNA replication and chromatin maturation.
A novel family of channel-forming, autotransporting, bacterial virulence factors

Pathogenic bacteria produce virulence factors that cross the bacterial cell envelope from the cytoplasm to the extracellular milieu where they promote disease. The mechanisms of their export are poorly understood. We here characterize a family of autotransporter (AT) protein domains present at the C-termini of several nonhomologous Gram-negative bacterial virulence factors. The family consist of 18 sequenced protein domains, the functionally characterized members of which catalyze export of (1) proteases, (2) virulence-related cell adhesins, (3) mediators of actin-promoted bacterial motility, (4) cytotoxins and (5) tissue invasion proteins. We (1) establish that these AT domains are homologous, (2) multiply align their sequences, (3) derive an AT family-specific signature sequence, and (4) define the evolutionary relationships between members of the family. Secondary structural predictions as well as average hydropathy, average similarity and average amphipathicity plots have allowed us to propose a speci...
(p,n) CROSS SECTIONS OF COPPER AND ZINC

The (p,n) reaction cross sections of Cu/sup 63/, Cu/sup 65/, Zn/sup 64/, Zn/sup 65/, and Zn/sup 68/ were measured at energies up to 12 Mev. The energy dependence agrees with that predicted by the Shapiro calculations, but the large variation of cross section among these nuclides suggests that interactions, other than compound nucleus formation, are taking place at these energies. The threshold of the reaction 5 Mev. (auth)
Video2Text: Learning to Annotate Video Content

This paper discusses a new method for automatic discovery and organization of descriptive concepts (labels) within large real-world corpora of user-uploaded multimedia, such as YouTube. com. Conversely, it also provides validation of existing labels, if any. While training, our method does not assume any explicit manual annotation other than the weak labels already available in the form of video title, description, and tags. Prior work related to such auto-annotation assumed that a vocabulary of labels of interest (e. g., indoor, outdoor, city, landscape) is specified a priori. In contrast, the proposed method begins with an empty vocabulary. It analyzes audiovisual features of 25 million YouTube. com videos -- nearly 150 years of video data -- effectively searching for consistent correlation between these features and text metadata. It autonomously extends the label vocabulary as and when it discovers concepts it can reliably identify, eventually leading to a vocabulary with thousands of labels and growing. We believe that this work significantly extends the state of the art in multimedia data mining, discovery, and organization based on the technical merit of the proposed ideas as well as the enormous scale of the mining exercise in a very challenging, unconstrained, noisy domain.
Undercooling, Liquid Separation and Solidification of Cu-Co Alloys

Large undercooling can induce not only various solidification pathways, but also a precursor reaction, or liquid separation. This paper deals with the latter effect of undercooling using examples of the Cu-Co system which has a flattened liquidus. Bulk Cu-Co alloys (about 7mm diameter) at compositions ranging from 10 to 90 wt pct Co were highly undercooled using a fluxing technique. Except for Cu-90 wt pct Co, liquid separation was directly observed as undercooling exceeded a critical value depending on the composition. It was also confirmed by a microstructural transition from dendrites to droplets above the critical undercooling. Finally, theoretical calculations regarding the metastable miscibility boundary and maximum droplet radius were made to analyze the experimental results.
Pharmacodynamics of rocuronium with and without prior administration of succinylcholine

Abstract Study Objectives: To compare succinylcholine (S) and rocuronium (R) used for endotracheal intubation, and to assess the possible action of S on subsequently administered R. Design: Double-blind, randomized, phase III study. Setting: University Medical Center. Patients: 24 ASA physical status I and II patients, ages 28 to 65, undergoing general anesthesia for abdominal procedures. Intervention: Double-blind administration of R 600 mcg/kg (Group A) or S 1 mg/kg (Group B) was given for endotracheal intubation. Maintenance of muscle relaxation was achieved with open label R 150 mcg/kg. Standardized general anesthetic technique with sodium thiopental, fentanyl, and nitrous oxide in oxygen was administered. Measurements and Main Results: Neuromuscular junction was tested by ulnar nerve stimulation and mechanomyograph. Intubation was attempted at 80% first twitch depression of train-of-four. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded throughout. Onset times were 74 ± 37 seconds for S and 130 ± 46 seconds for R. Intubation times were 76 ± 29 seconds for S and 85 ± 23 seconds for R (no significant difference). Good to excellent intubation conditions were achieved in both groups. S given prior to R decreased onset time and increased duration of R, when compared with R given alone. No drug related cardiovascular events were noted. Conclusion: Rapid intubation conditions can be obtained after both S and R. Given its overall safety profile, R can be used when S is contraindicated, or in healthy patients with no apparent difficult airway, when procedures are expected to last more than 25 minutes.
Immunotoxicity of Cocaethylene

AbstractThis report describes the response of normal human T cells to stimulation in vitro in the presence of nano-micromolar concentrations of cocaethylene. Thymidine incorporation by concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was generally blunted by cocaethylene, albeit to different degrees depending upon the donor tested. the formation of concanavalin A-induced blast cells was decreased by increasing concentrations of cocaethylene. the production of interleukin-2 was also blunted in a dose-dependent fashion by cocaethylene, and this outcome was more consistently observed in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, compared to unseparated whole blood preparations. An inverse dose dependence was obtained in relation to the response of blast cells to recombinant human interleukin-2 in the presence of cocaethylene. These lines of evidence, taken together with our preliminary studies aimed at testing the effect of cocaethylene on the expression of certain membrane markers of activat...
The role of lung biopsy in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) are a relatively common cause of diffuse lung disease marked by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis within the lung, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Knowledge and progress in therapeutics have been hindered by inconsistent definitions and challenges in diagnosis. Present classification schemes are based on morphologic definitions that frequently require synthesis of clinical, radiologic and histopathologic information. This review focuses on the present state of diagnosis, and the role that history, radiographic imaging and surgical lung biopsy have on the diagnosis of IIPs. Surgical lung biopsy plays a key role in distinguishing specific IIPs in patients whose imaging studies lack features diagnostic of usual interstitial pneumonia. The final diagnosis is based on the combined clinical, radiographic and histologic findings, and is best accomplished using a dynamic, multidisciplinary approach. More accurate diagnoses should increase the ability to study and understand the biology, natural history and potential therapies for this group of devastating diseases.
Biopolítica e direitos humanos em Foucault

Neste artigo, procura-se delinear a relacao problematica entre biopolitica, biopoder e direitos humanos em Michel Foucault. Se o direito, na medida em que pertence a concepcao juridica da politica e as tecnicas do poder soberano, e uma nocao classica, o humano enquanto Homem surge apenas na modernidade, no interior dos diversos dispositivos que perfazem o biopoder. Portanto, falar de direitos humanos e acoplar direito e Homem, duas nocoes proprias a tecnicas de poder distintas. Cientes dessa distincao, e preciso considerar, ainda assim, por que Foucault, diante do que acontece, nao deixa de apelar, contra os governos, ao direito dos governados. O direito classico pode nao ter nada a ver com a biopolitica; no entanto, em relacao aos direitos ditos humanos, nao se pode afirmar o mesmo.Palavras-chave: Poder, saber, luta, humanismo, reconhecimentoABSTRACTIn this article we try to show the troublesome relation between biopolitcs, biopower and human rights in Michel Foucault. The notion of right is a classical notion, insofar as it pertains to the juridical conception of politics and to the techniques of sovereign power. On the other side, the idea of the human animal as human being appears only in Modernity, within the different dispositives that constitute what Foucault called the modern biopower. Therefore, talking of human rights one puts together the idea of right and the idea of human being, i.e. two notions belonging to two historically distinct techniques of power. In the awareness of this distinction, one has to question why Foucault, in face of what was going on in his days, did nevertheless appeal – against governments – to the rights of those who are governed. Classical right may have nothing to do with biopolitics; however with regard to the so-called human rights we cannot claim the same.Keywords: Power, knowledge, strugle, humanism, aknowledgement
A Unified Theory of Justice: The Integration of Fairness into Efficiency

An idea generally shared by both economists and philosophers is that a legal rule may either achieve distributive fairness or bring about an efficient outcome, but not both. In this Article, the authors argue that justice requires that legal rules consider both fairness and efficiency. The Article discusses the Coase Theorem, as a tool for determining the most efficient allocation of rights and duties, and the ideas of John Rawls for deriving a fair social contract. The authors then combine aspects of these two hypothetical consensus models into a unified theory of justice that considers the question of what agreements parties would enter into if they could bargain costlessly ex ante without knowledge of which side of the bargain or situation they would ultimately obtain. The answers to this question, the authors contend, will form the basis for legal rules that give weight not only to fairness, but also to efficiency, and thereby will achieve just results.
The Appalachian ‘Other’: Academic Approaches to the Study of Serpent-handling Sects

Serpent-handling sects are often portrayed in the media as bizarre Southern cults whose members engage in dangerous primitive rituals. The fact that a religious ritual identified as existing outside the normative boundaries of Christianity, and perhaps religion in general, defines this Christian tradition marks serpent-handling sects as abnormal or ‘other’. Consequently, scholars investigating why these Christians handle poisonous snakes during religious services must address the boundary between ‘abnormal’ and ‘normal’ religion, the ‘norm’ and the ‘other’. This essay surveys the multi-disciplinary literature on serpent-handling sects with a particular eye toward the ways scholars both negotiate and perpetuate this boundary.
Triangle Intercept Guidance for Aerial Defense

This paper focuses on missile guidance methods for a defense missile trying to protect a cooperative aircraft from guided munitions which have the same thrust and maneuvering capabilities as that of the defense missile. A novel guidance law for the missile-to-missile intercept is developed via a simple geometrical approach. The potential of the guidance law is demonstrated and discussed with some simulation results. Performance comparison with a conventional guidance law is also presented. Nomenclature C a = BM acceleration command normal to velocity vector, m/s 2 BA = blue aircraft (cooperative aircraft) BM = blue missile (defense missile) I, J = performance indices LOS ij = line-of-sight from the vehicle j to the vehicle i (Subscripts, A, M, and T denote BA, BM, and RM, respectively.) N , d N = navigation constant of the TG RM = red missile (attacking missile or target) ij r , ij r = LOS ij vector, and LOS ij range, m
Project Rhea: A Manned Reusable Spacecraft For The Scientific Observation of Mars

A manned mission to Mars is critically important to further understand Mars and to advance the frontiers of human space exploration and science. The harsh environment of space and the dangers of microgravity have made such a venture difficult, but the technology to solve these problems is rapidly becoming available. The objective is to design an interplanetary mission that incorporates these new innovative technologies to successfully land humans on Mars. Project Rhea: A Manned Reusable Spacecraft for the Scientific Observation of Mars is the fulfillment of the aforementioned goals. It will consist of two phases: Remus, which will pre-position cargo; and Romulus, which will deliver a crew of six astronauts to Mars. Both of these phases utilize a reusable spacecraft complete with a fusion-driven rocket propulsion system, a radiator, solar panels, and a cargo hold/habitat. Remus will contain all of the necessary ground systems within three capsules complete with an advanced descent system and four navigation/communication satellites. Its trajectory will utilize a gravity assist maneuver to slingshot around Mars and return to Earth allowing for its reusable nature. After a 2 year maintenance phase, Romulus will depart, containing the crew and the ascent/descent vehicle. It will use a stopover orbit to reach Mars, drop off the crew, and after a 548 day stay on the surface will depart for Earth with the crew. The estimated cost of Project Rhea is $158.9 billion. This cost would be spread over a 27 year period, with research and development starting in 2015, production and support starting in 2035, and the mission ending in 2042.
Xanthophyll Bioavailability in Dehydrated Turf Grass

Abstract In a 16-day experiment involving 270 32-week-old laying hens, dehydrated turf grass (DTG) and corn gluten meal (CGM) were compared as xanthophyll sources for egg yolk pigmentation. Experimental diets were formulated to contain, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg total xanthophyll/kg diet, provided as either DTG or CGM. Neither egg production nor feed consumption was affected by diet. Egg yolk color dominant wavelength increased slightly with increasing dietary xanthophyll and did not differ with source. Egg yolk color excitation purity increased quadratically (P
A Scalable, Time-Dependent Model of Shared Knowledge in Concurrent Spacecraft Design

*† This paper develops a scalable model of shared knowledge in concurrent spacecraft design. A metric of shared mental models based on common views of important design drivers is developed and used to build a network of shared cognition across a team. Using time-series survey data from 14 sessions of the Mission Design Laboratory at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, a linear relationship between pre-post stability of shared knowledge and mission concept maturity is found. Based on this result, the paper recommends that the design center consider implementing a period of planning and consensus building early in design sessions focused on immature or advanced concepts.
Multiferroic BiFeO 3 thin films for multifunctional devices

We report the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of crystalline BiFeO3 films on platinized silicon substrates using n-butylferrocene, triphenylbismuth and oxygen. Based on thermogravimetric analysis data, the suitability of these two precursors for depositing BiFeO3 is discussed. The deposited films were characterized for structure and morphology using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Composition analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the films were stoichiometric BiFeO3. Electrostatic force microscopy indicated that the film had polarizable domains that showed no deterioration in polarization over time long after electric poling. The film showed a saturation magnetization of 10 +/- 1 emu/cm3 at room temperature.
Reclaiming Attention in the Digital Generation Negotiation

This chapter considers the relationship between information and communication technologies ("ICTs") and attention and the consequences of this relationship for the "Digital Generation" negotiators of the future. It proceeds in three parts. The first part explores the mechanics of attention and the importance of attention in negotiation. The second part, directed to elder generations of negotiators, aims to help these negotiators understand how ICTs affect the Digital Generation’s attentional capacity. The third part, directed to Digital Generation negotiators, offers practical suggestions for improving their focused attention.
Design of short messages receiving/ sending system based on the MG801A module

To overcome the limitation of the small keyboard in a mobile phone, a short messages receiving / sending system was designed, which based on the MG801A module. The system includes hardware system and software system. The MG801A module and its peripheral circuit constitute the receiving /sending terminal, and it links with computer by RS232. As software, the application program was designed, and it sends AT(Attention) command to module through Single-chip Microcomputer .
Pure Resources’ 'Fair Summary' Standard: Disclosures Away from Obtaining Clarity in the M&A Context

The duty of disclosure, a subset of the fiduciary duties of care and loyalty, has been a stark principle of Delaware MA however, if the board acts in bad faith and fails to disclose, heightened equitable damages attach.Using this proposed test will create the essential clarity lacking in the fair summary standard, decrease unnecessary litigation, and hold out the Delaware courts as they should — predictable, reliable, and expedient.
Indications for abdominal exploration when cancer is suspected.

A rationale is presented concerning abdominal exploration in cases when a preoperative diagnosis cannot be made or when the location and nature of a lesion cannot be determined without exploration and biopsy.Attention is directed to certain types of intra-abdominal lesions whose presence is not manifested by physical or laboratory examinations, including roentgenographic survey, but is suspected from the clinical history. The surgeon's obligations, when he advises and performs an abdominal exploration, are emphasized.
The impact of obesity onset on intraepithelial lymphocyte homeostasis at different ages.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in six children and adolescents in the United States are obese. The obesity epidemic is caused by chronic excess energy intake and low energy expenditure. This energy imbalance creates excess adipose tissue that produces systemic inflammation in the body. Obesity is detrimental to barrier tissues that protect the body from foreign pathogens and environmental stressors. This metabolic disease disrupts normal homeostasis within the epithelium, which then results in complications that include more severe inflammatory bowel disease. We have identified that as obesity progresses, T cell numbers are reduced within the epithelial layer of the intestine and proliferation of these immune cells in the tissue becomes dysfunctional. Interestingly enough, we show that these same T cells are partially restored in number with a low-fat diet. We examined the relationship between obesity onset and the ability of intraepithelial lymphocytes to seed and proliferate in the intestine to maintain homeostasis in the barrier tissue. Here we demonstrate that obesity is particularly devastating in young mice that are still establishing lymphocyte populations in their epithelia. In addition, the long-term effects of chronic obesity from childhood to adulthood shows a dramatic reduction in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine. This study helps shed light on how epithelial barrier maintenance differs in early versus late onset of obesity and will direct research to explore alternative approaches to restore intestinal intraepithelial T cells and promote optimal barrier integrity in obese patients.
Serious Games in Breaking Informational Barriers in Solar Energy

The adoption of solar energy – widely assumed to be pivotal to a new energy transformation – has been hindered by persistent information gaps. Recent literature states the importance of using behavioral science to address the persistent gaps between the technical potential of low carbon technologies and the actual adoption of these technologies. With the goal of addressing this important knowledge gap, this study investigates the efficacy of serious games – games with a primary purpose other than entertainment – to overcome informational and perceptive barriers to broader adoption of solar PV in the residential sector. Using a trivia-style game platform, we assess the impact of serious games on intentions and behavior toward solar energy in residential energy customers, applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control). Our findings indicate that serious games are effective in bridging the information gap and enabling participants to feel agency, thus could prove an effective intervention strategy applied at large scale.
Iterative Methods for Linear Equations

We consider in this section one of the simplest iterative methods: Jacobi’s method. Although Jacobi’s method is not a viable method for most problems, it provides a convenient starting point for our discussion of iterative methods. It will also be useful as a subsidiary method later.
A comparison of cover calculation techniques for relating point-intercept vegetation sampling to remote sensing imagery ☆

Abstract Accurate and timely spatial predictions of vegetation cover from remote imagery are an important data source for natural resource management. High-quality in situ data are needed to develop and validate these products. Point-intercept sampling techniques are a common method for obtaining quantitative information on vegetation cover that have been widely implemented in a number of local and national monitoring programs. The use of point-intercept data in remote sensing projects, however, is complicated due to differences in how vegetation cover indicators can be calculated. Decisions on whether to use plant intercepts from any canopy layer (i.e., any-hit cover) or only the first plant intercept at each point (i.e., top-hit cover) can result in discrepancies in cover estimates which are used to train remotely-sensed imagery. Our objective in this paper was to explore the theory of point-intercept sampling relative to training and testing remotely-sensed imagery, and to test the strength of relationships between top-hit and any-hit methods of calculating vegetation cover and high-resolution satellite imagery in two study areas managed by the Bureau of Land Management in northwestern Colorado and northeastern California. We modeled top-hit and any-hit percent cover for six vegetation indicators from 5m-resolution RapidEye imagery using beta regression. Model performance was judged using normalized root mean-squared error (RMSE) from a 5-fold cross validation. Any-hit cover estimates were significantly higher (α
Reliability-Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Internal Erosion Potential due to Crevasse Splays

AbstractGeomorphic features in the soil layers underlying a structure often have a significant effect on the underseepage behavior and the potential for initiating internal erosion. Based on the as...
Interlaced, Nanostructured Interface with Graphene Buffer Layer Reduces Thermal Boundary Resistance in Nano/Microelectronic Systems

Improving heat transfer in hybrid nano/microelectronic systems is a challenge, mainly due to the high thermal boundary resistance (TBR) across the interface. Herein, we focus on gallium nitride (GaN)/diamond interface—as a model system with various high power, high temperature, and optoelectronic applications—and perform extensive reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, decoding the interplay between the pillar length, size, shape, hierarchy, density, arrangement, system size, and the interfacial heat transfer mechanisms to substantially reduce TBR in GaN-on-diamond devices. We found that changing the conventional planar interface to nanoengineered, interlaced architecture with optimal geometry results in >80% reduction in TBR. Moreover, introduction of conformal graphene buffer layer further reduces the TBR by ∼33%. Our findings demonstrate that the enhanced generation of intermediate frequency phonons activates the dominant group velocities, resulting in reduced TBR. This work has importa...
What Kind of Mind Do I Want in My Robot?: Developing a Measure of Desired Mental Capacities in Social Robots

We took a first step in developing a measurement tool for the social and mental capacities that people desire in social robots. 291 respondents indicated the degree to which they would like to see 16 capacities in either a home robot, nursing robot, or military robot. Four orthogonal dimensions emerged: Social-Moral Skills, Autonomous Evaluation, Objective Reasoning, and Negative Feelings. These dimensions were robust across the three robot types and across two assessment years (2013 and 2016).