cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Focusing on bandwidth: fundamental limits to broadband metalensing and scattering engineering

In this talk, we provide an overview of our recent efforts on deriving and elucidating bandwidth limits for two important classes of metamaterial devices: (i) metalenses and (ii) invisibility cloaks. (i) Recent works have demonstrated broadband metalenses with minimized chromatic aberrations, potentially paving the way for ultrathin achromatic optics. Within this context, here we derive fundamental bandwidth limits to achromatic metalenses, regardless of their implementation, and we show that all metalenses designed thus far obey these bounds. (ii) In the second part of the talk, we focus on the problem of broadband invisibility and address some relevant issues that have been the subject of debate in the recent literature. Specifically, we clarify that “active” invisibility cloaks suffer from fundamental bandwidth and size limitations that arise due to causality and stability.
Elevated plasma levels of syndecan-1 and soluble thrombomodulin predict adverse outcomes in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a potentially fatal blood disorder resulting from acquired deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity. Despite recent advances in early diagnosis and novel therapeutics, the mortality rate of acute iTTP remains as high as 10% to 20%. Moreover, a reliable clinical and laboratory parameter that predicts disease severity and outcomes is lacking. We show in the present study that plasma levels of syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) on admission were dramatically increased in patients with acute iTTP and remained substantially elevated in a subset of patients compared with healthy controls. The elevated admission plasma levels of Sdc-1 and sTM were associated with abnormal Glasgow coma scale scores, low estimated glomerular filtration rates, the need for intensive care, and in-hospital mortality rates. Moreover, a further simultaneous increase in plasma Sdc-1 and sTM levels at the time of clinical response/remission (eg, when normalization of platelet counts and substantial reduction of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity were achieved) was highly predictive of iTTP recurrence. These results demonstrate that endothelial injury, resulting from disseminated microvascular thromboses, is severe and persistent in patients with acute iTTP. Plasma levels of Sdc-1 and sTM on admission and in remission are predictive of in-hospital mortality and recurrence of acute iTTP, respectively. Thus, an incorporation of such novel plasma biomarkers into the risk assessment in acute iTTP may help implement a more vigorous and intensive therapeutic strategy for these patients.
International Law in a Biden Administration

The incoming Biden administration’s attempt to ‘restore’ respect for international law and its institutions will be constrained by eight foreign policy trends that will outlast President Trump: (1) preference for non-treaty ‘commitments’ not requiring congressional action; (2) a more hostile view of China and its intentions; (3) skepticism towards the world trading system; (4) reliance on sanctions to punish ‘bad’ actions; (5) wariness towards UN system organizations; (6) aversion to international courts and tribunals; (7) opposition to the use of force (including for ‘humanitarian’ purposes); and (8) ever more ‘ironclad’ commitments to Israel’s security. While Biden will moderate each of these, his ‘restoration’ of international law will be tempered and will not consist of a return to the Obama-era status quo.
A wearable mechano-acoustic sensor based on electrochemical redox reaction for continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring

This Letter reports a wearable mechano-acoustic sensor for continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring. The sensing mechanism is based on reversible iodide/triiodide ( I − / I 3 −) electrochemical redox reaction on microfabricated platinum electrodes, enabling an ultra-high sensitivity on the detection of mechano-acoustic signals of the cardiorespiratory system. Ecoflex, a flexible silicone rubber, is adopted as the material of the sensor body due to its excellent stretchability, robustness, and skin-compatibility. The developed sensor exhibited a noise floor of 4.5 μg/ Hz at 10 Hz. Detection of heart sounds, lung sounds, and respiration rates was demonstrated.
Granulomatous Slack Skin

In addition to classic mycosis fungoides (MF), there are unique MF variants with distinct clinicopathologic features and prognosis: pagetoid reticulosis, folliculotropic mycosis fungoides, and granulomatous slack skin. Granulomatous slack skin is a rare granulomatous MF variant characterized by bulky, pendulous skin folds.
Effects of Reynolds Number on Swept Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions

The current experimental investigation explores the viscous/inviscid interaction of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer and a sharp fin-generated shock wave. The study examines the effect of Reyn...
The Influence of Diversity Climate on Employer Branding: 2020 and Beyond

Employer branding of a positive diversity reputation creates the expectation that an organization is a good place to work for traditionally excluded groups. Due to today’s racial animus in the US and accompanying beliefs towards Diversity, Equity and Inclusion initiatives (DEI), employees are apt to pay close attention to the messages that leaders in Predominantly White Organizations (PWOs) send to prospective and current employees. Not only are organizations apt to reflect upon their commitment to DEI (Feintzeig, 2020), but employees from traditionally excluded groups may rethink their participation in DEI and their commitment to helping a company build a brand and develop products when their contributions may be questioned. Conservative employees from higher status groups may make demands on their leaders that defy their current DEI practices (Sonnemaker, 2020). The paper examines employer branding of diversity practices in PWOs in the US and contributes to the existing DEI research in two primary ways. First, we outline the problem that using diversity in employer branding poses in PWOs with low diversity climates. Then, we propose a framework that extends our understanding of DEI that can be used by management and human resource professionals to facilitate employer branding.
Of Swords and Shields: The Role of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Medical Malpractice Litigation

Clinical practice guidelines are consensus statements developed by various bodies about what constitutes appropriate treatment for a specific condition or preventive care goal. Because they derive from the consensus of experts, practice guidelines are thought to represent the prevailing standard of care in the medical profession. In the last decade, would-be tort reformers have suggested using practice guidelines as evidence of the legal standard of care in medical malpractice litigation. They have argued that this would reduce the uncertainty that health care providers presently face regarding what the standard of care is, and consequently would ease the pressures that lead providers to practice "defensive medicine." This article argues that while there may be certain efficiencies associated with the use of practice guidelines as the legal standard of care, their use is deeply problematic. Among the reasons to disallow their use as inculpatory evidence (by plaintiffs) is that practice guidelines do not, in fact, appear to represent prevailing medical practice in most instances. Some states have, by statute, restricted the use of practice guidelines in litigation to use as exculpatory evidence by defendants. However, this one-way use of relevant, probative, and otherwise admissible evidence is an anomaly in the law that lacks sufficient justification. The best course of action is to restrict the use of practice guidelines by both defendants and plaintiffs in medical malpractice litigation.
Developing a Psychologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture for Robotic Control: The Symbolic and Subsymbolic Robotic Intelligence Control System (SS-RICS)

This paper describes the ongoing development of a robotic control architecture that was inspired by computational cognitive architectures from the discipline of cognitive psychology. The robotic control architecture combines symbolic and subsymbolic representations of knowledge into a unified control structure. The architecture is organized as a goal driven, serially executing, production system at the highest symbolic level; and a multiple algorithm, parallel executing, simple collection of algorithms at the lowest subsymbolic level. The goal is to create a system that will progress through the same cognitive developmental milestones as do human infants. Common robotics problems of localization, object recognition, and object permanence are addressed within the specified framework.
Interactive Tracking of 2D Generic Objects with Spacetime Optimization

We present a continuous optimization framework for interactive tracking of 2D generic objects in a single video stream. The user begins with specifying the locations of a target object in a small set of keyframes; the system then automatically tracks locations of the objects by combining user constraints with visual measurements across the entire sequence. We formulate the problem in a spacetime optimization framework that optimizes over the whole sequence simultaneously. The resulting solution is consistent with visual measurements across the entire sequence while satisfying user constraints. We also introduce prior terms to reduce tracking ambiguity. We demonstrate the power of our algorithm on tracking objects with significant occlusions, scale and orientation changes, illumination changes, sudden movement of objects, and also simultaneous tracking of multiple objects. We compare the performance of our algorithm with alternative methods.
There's No Free Laugh (Anymore): The Emergence of Intellectual Property Norms and the Transformation of Stand-Up Comedy

In this paper, we analyze how stand-up comedians protect their jokes using a system of social norms. Intellectual property law has never protected comedians effectively against theft. Initially, jokes were virtually in the public domain, and comedians invested little in creating new ones. In the last half century, however, comedians have developed a system of IP norms. This system serves as a stand-in for formal law. It regulates issues such as authorship, ownership, transfer of rights, exceptions to informal ownership claims and the imposition of sanctions on norms violators. Under the norms system, the level of investment in original material has increased substantially. We detail these norms, which often diverge from copyright law's defaults. Our description is based on interviews with comedians, snippets of which we include throughout the paper. Our study has implications for intellectual property theory and policy. First, its suggests that the lack of legal protection for intellectual labor does not entail a market failure by necessity, as social norms may induce creativity. Second, it suggests that the rules governing a particular creative practice affect not only how much material is created, but also its kind. Third, we suggest that comedians' IP norms system emerged over the past half century as technological change increased the benefit of having property rights in jokes and concomitantly reduced the costs of enforcing those rights. Fourth, we note that stand-up's norms system recognizes only a limited set of forms of ownership and transfer. We suggest that the system's crude rights structure is driven by the fact that effective enforcement requires that ownership be clear to the community. Lastly, social norms offer a way to regulate creative practices that do not sit well within IP law's one-size-fits-all mold. They do so, moreover, without imposing on society the costs of disuniformity in the formal law, including legal complexity and industry-driven lobbying. Stand-up's norms system has both benefits and costs, which we detail in the paper. However, norms-based IP systems offer an alternative (or supplementary) cost/benefit bundle which in some cases may be superior to that of formal law alone. In stand-up's case, norms economize on enforcement costs and appear to maintain a healthy level of incentives to create alongside a greater diversity in the kinds of humor produced. A final assessment of stand-up's social norms system awaits further work. With what we currently know, we are cautiously optimistic.
Mathematics, Love, and Tattoos

Reflections on the film "Rites of Love and Math" (directed by Reine Graves and the author) and its "formula of love".
Injection Therapy for the Management of Superficial Subcutaneous Lipomas

Superficial subcutaneous lipomas are common benign tumors of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Removal of superficial subcutaneous lipomas is achieved with simple surgical excision for the purposes of improved cosmesis, removing painful lipomas, or for the removal of a lipoma affecting function through mass effect. As research in localized fat reduction has improved, therapies successful in this domain have been applied to the management of lipomas as a surgical alternative. In this review article, the authors review the basic science of injection therapies used in the management of lipomas as well as their potential efficacy and limitations.
The Realism of the 'Formalist' Age

It is almost a truism in contemporary legal theory and legal history that the 1870s through the 1920s was the age of formalism. Judges in this period applied logical methods, relied upon conceptual analysis, and rendered decisions in a rule-bound fashion that paid little heed to social consequences. The common law was characterized as comprehensive, gapless, and logically consistent, with a right answer for every case; law was understood to be a science. A more realistic view of law was ushered in by the Legal Realists, who built upon the writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes and Roscoe Pound to destroy formalistic thought. The Realists argued that the law is substantially indeterminate: there are gaps and inconsistencies in the law, exceptions can be found for most rules or principles, precedent often can be enlisted to support opposite outcomes. They argued that judicial decisions should not be based upon abstract conceptual analysis; rather, law is a means to social ends. A number of Realists argued that judicial decisions are the product of subjective predilections of judges, or that judges come to the result first, then structure their legal analysis to rationalize the result. This article argues that the standard account of the formalist period is fundamentally incorrect. Quoting and citing many speeches and publications, it demonstrates that a consummately realistic view of law and judicial decision making was expressed throughout the so-called formalist period. Many of these realistic statements - mentioning the uncertainty of law, the availability of precedents on all sides, and the understanding that judges' subjective views influence their legal decisions - were uttered by judges, professors, and leaders of the bar. The article shows how the image of formalism was constructed by Roscoe Pound, Karl Llewellyn, and Grant Gilmore in a manner that systematically excluded this large body of realistic discourse, thereby creating a distorted portrayal of the period. Moreover, the article argues that our perception of the Legal Realists (and Holmes) as bold mavericks is erroneous. The Realists were merely the latest episode in a constant stream of skeptical observations about law and judging that extends back many decades. The objective of this article, beyond correcting our misimpression of these important periods in our legal history, is to break the hold of the formalist-realist antithesis that structures and constrains contemporary views of judicial decision making.
Evaluation of integrated data sets—Four examples

Abstract Several large data sets have been integrated and utilized for rapid evaluation on a reconnaissance scale for the Montrose 1 × 2° Quadrangle, Colorado. The data sets include Landsat imagery, hydrogeochemical and stream sediment analyses, airborne geophysical data, known mineral occurrences, and a geologic map. All data sets were registered to a 179 × 119 rectangular grid and projected onto Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates. A grid resolution of 1 km was used. All possible combinations of three, for most data sets, were examined for general geologic correlations by utilizing a color microfilm output. In addition, gray-level pictures of statistical output, for example factor analysis, have been employed to aid evaluations. Examples for the data sets dysprosium-calcium, lead-copper-zinc, and equivalent uranium-uranium in water-uranium in sediment are described with respect to geologic applications, base-metal regimes, and geochemical associations.
EFFECTS OF NON-HOMOGENEITIES ON THE EIGENMODES OF ACOUSTIC PRESSURE IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS

Modifications to acoustic eigenmodes in combustion chambers such as those of liquid propellant rocket engines, produced by spatial variations of density and sound speed that arise mainly through progress of combustion processes, are analyzed by using a variational method. The variational principle shows that the eigenvalue is the ratio of a weighted acoustic kinetic energy to a weighted acoustic potential energy, and the eigenfunction is the minimizing function of this ratio. A sample calculation is made for the case in which variations of the properties occur dominantly in the longitudinal direction, with lower temperatures and higher densities prevailing near the injector. The results of the calculation exhibit two major characteristics: the longitudinal density variation aids transfer of acoustic kinetic energy from a lower mode to the adjacent higher mode, so that the pure transverse modes have substantially larger reductions (sometimes exceeding 50%) of their eigenvalues than the combined modes; and variations of the acoustic pressure gradients are found to be larger in high-density regions, so that the acoustic pressure amplitude for purely tangential modes is found to be much higher near the injector than near the nozzle. The higher head acoustic pressure may contribute to the greater sensitivity of acoustic instability to characteristics of the flames near the injectors, as commonly found in engine tests. The improved acoustic eigensolutions can also be helpful in sizing damping devices, such as baffles or acoustic liners.
Rapid procedures for determination of endo-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosaminidase in clostridium perfringens, and of the substrate specificity of exo-β-d-galactosidases

Abstract Culture fluid of Clostridium perfringens hydrolyzed the synthetic, chromogenic substrates, β-Gal-(1→3)-α-GalNAc-1→OPh and, β-Gal-(1→3)-α-GalNAc-1→OC 6 H 4 -NO 2 - o or -p to β-Gal-(1→3)-GalNAc and the aglycon. Such assays facilitated the characterization and purification of this endo- N-acetyl-α - d -galactosaminidase activity. This activity was purified 1200-fold by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and chromatography on columns of Sephadex-G200, DEAE-Sephadex, and hydroxylapatite. The final preparation showed activity over a broad range of pH, with an optimum at 9.0, but less-pure material had two pH optima, 4.0 and 9.0. Another assay method, which employed the synthetic, chromogenic substrates β-Gal-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc-1→-OC 6 H 4 NO 2 - p , β-Gal-(1→4)-β-GlcNAc-1→OC 6 H 4 NO 2 - p , and β-Gal-(1→6)-β-GlcNAc-1-OC 6 H 4 NO 2 - p , was developed for the rapid identification of the linkage specificity of exo-β- d -galactosidases from any source via a coupled reaction with N -acetyl-β- d -hexosaminidase.
Competition between Delta and the Abruptex domain of Notch

Extracellular domains of the Notch family of signalling receptors contain many EGF repeat domains, as do their major ligands. Some EGF repeats are modified by O-fucosylation, and most have no identified role in ligand binding. Using a binding assay with purified proteins in vitro, it was determined that, in addition to binding to Delta, the ligand binding region of Notch bound to EGF repeats 22–27 of Notch, but not to other EGF repeat regions of Notch. EGF repeats 22–27 of Drosophila Notch overlap the genetically-defined 'Abruptex' region, and competed with Delta for binding to proteins containing the ligand-binding domain. Delta differed from the Abruptex domain in showing markedly enhanced binding at acid pH. Both Delta and the Abruptex region are heavily modified by protein O-fucosylation, but the split mutation of Drosophila Notch, which affects O-fucosylation of EGF repeat 14, did not affect binding of Notch to either Delta or the Abruptex region. The Abruptex region may serve as a barrier to Notch activation by competing for the ligand-binding domain of Notch.
Tri-metal Secondary Building Units: Toward the Design of Thermally Robust Crystalline Coordination Polymers

Three new crystalline coordination polymers [Mn3(TDC)4(H2O)4](2,6-lutidine)2(H2O)3 1, P-1, a = 11.351(3), b = 11.391(3), c = 11.480(3), α = 112.838(4), β = 90.696(4), γ = 99.328(4); [Zn3(1,4-BDC)3(EtOH)2] 2, C2/c, a = 19.1308(9), b = 10.6088(5), c = 16.2221(7), β = 108.79(1); and [Zn3(1,3-BDC)3(py)2](MeOH) 3, P2(1)/c, a = 17.142(3), b = 21.544(4), c = 11.805(2), β = 106.441(3); TDC = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate, BDC = benzedicarboxylate, have been synthesized by linking tri-metal nodes with poly-carboxylate ligands. Single crystal x-ray analysis shows that 1 is composed of (4,4) 2-D grids with A–A stacking while 2 is comprised of (6,3) triangular networks in an A–B–C stacking pattern and 3 has formed a distorted cubic diamondoid topology. Tri-metal nodes are located at the vertexes of each network. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrates that 1 and 2 are thermally robust structures with network decomposition temperatures of 375 °C and 460 °C respectively. Tri-metal Secondary Building Units: Toward the Design of Thermally Robust Crystalline Coordination Polymers Brian S. Luisi, Zhenbo Ma and Brian Moulton* Tri-metal nodes are shown to be an advantageous target in the synthesis of 2-D crystalline coordination polymers with high thermal stability.
Genetic Differences in Avian Egg Shell Formation

Abstract Evidence is presented that family, strain, breed, and species differences occur for eggshell quality. A variety of methods employed to determine the quality of eggshells have shown that genetic differences may be identified. Heritability estimates have been calculated and reported for several eggshell quality parameters. Published results of selection programs show success in demonstrating that population means for egg shell quality may be changed. Investigations of physiological parameters in genetically divergent lines have demonstrated where differences do and do not occur. Conclusions from the literature reviewed are presented.
SEM observations on the replacement of Bahaman aragonitic mud by calcite

Conversion of Holocene aragonitic mud to calcite microspar occurs in fresh pore waters beneath hammocks on the tidal flats of west Andros Island, Bahamas, to a subsurface depth of 2.7 m. The conversion process involves both dissolution of aragonite and precipitation of calcite as a cement in pre-existing pores and displacive calcite crystallization. Neomorphism of aragonite to calcite with preservation of grain shape has not been observed. Resulting diagenetic products are lithified nodules, composed of well-sorted interlocking rhombs of microspar and of stiff, unlithified calcitic aragonite mud.
ACCURACY OF COLLEGE HONORS STUDENTS' SELF-REPORTED AMERICAN COLLEGIATE TEST SCORES

The accuracy of responses to survey questions by 105 college honors students who reported their American College Test scores in English, Mathematics, Social Studies, Natural Sciences, and Total scores was examined. Students were asked to report their total ACT scores and their subject-area ACT scores. The responses were accurate only for the total score. Implications are provided in the conclusion.
Induced Systemic Resistance to Cercospora Leaf Spot of Carrot by Inoculation with Cercospora carotae

The possibility of inducing systemic disease resistance in carrot leaves was investigated with the pathogen Cercospora carotae as the agent for both induction and challenge. The inoculation of plants with C. carotae induced resistance in newly emerged leaves challenged 23 days later. There was an optimum inoculum concentration of 3 x 10 4 conidia ml -1 for inducing resistance, the response decreasing with higher concentrations. Infection of carrot leaves by C. carotae could thus reduce susceptibility to subsequent infections by foliar pathogens later in the growing season. However, the inoculation of leaves with C. carotae did not increase the resistance of roots after harvest when they were wounded and challenged with Botrytis cinerea.
Immune Monitoring in Xenotransplantation: The Multiparameter Flow Cytometric Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Assay

Xenotransplantation requires monitoring of complex cellular interactions in vitro. A tool to monitor cell proliferation in detail would be instrumental in understanding these cellular interactions in heterogeneous xenogeneic lymphocyte cultures and in patients after xenotransplantation. To accomplish this, we used a fluorescent cell proliferation marker, 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), in combination with flow cytometry. CFSE, a green fluorescent molecule, binds covalently to intracellular macromolecules. Each cell division reduces the fluorescent intensity per cell by half and shows a characteristic multipeak pattern in flow cytometric analysis. For this study, human lymphocytes were labeled with CFSE and cultured in the presence of irradiated porcine lymphocytes. Cell proliferation was detected in CFSE-labeled lymphocytes in both a single and a multiparameter flow cytometry setting. Concurrently, tritiated ((3)H) thymidine incorporation, a common method to measure gross cell proliferation, was assessed. The kinetics of CFSE-labeled cell proliferation correlated with (3)H-thymidine incorporation in that both methods showed a lag phase for days 1-3 and a log phase for days 4-7. Multiparameter flow cytometric monitoring of mixed lymphocyte cultures allowed phenotyping and assessment of viability of proliferating populations in heterogeneous xenogeneic stimulated human lymphocyte cultures and complemented the classical (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay. The use of this technique will allow a wide array of immunologic parameters to be measured in a heterogeneous xenogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture. The information gained from these assays is essential to understanding the biological significance of xenogeneic cellular interaction and for monitoring the immune status of the xenotransplanted patient.
Comparisons of high frequency magnetic core losses under two different driving conditions: A sinusoidal voltage and a square-wave voltage

It is observed that for the same peak flux density and the same operating frequency, the core loss induced by a square-wave voltage drive is less than the loss induced by a sinusoidal voltage drive, which is contrary to what one would normally anticipate. To the best of the author's knowledge, there Is no theory that predicts the loss difference observed.
Modeling Organizational Systems: Banathy's Three Lenses Revisited

The inherent complexity of organizational systems defies full understanding by inquirers. This condition often causes organizational inquirers to become mired in convoluted deliberations, unable to attain the consensus among the inquiring community that is needed to advance the research forward to a meaningful conclusion. Consequently, many practitioners and researchers employ models of organizations to aid in simplifying the system's complexity and to reach shared agreement. Because no single model can fully capture the complexity of an organization, Dr. Bela H. Banathy therefore proposed using three types of interrelated models to give a multidimensional view of a human system under study. Since Banathy first introduced his three lenses approach, the concept has been employed in many educational and organizational settings. This article examines the author's experience using Banathy's three lenses and integrates their usage with some other popular modeling techniques, providing a comprehensive view of how Banathy's three lenses can be effectively employed in contemporary organizational settings.
A Review Of Artificial Intelligence In Simulation

The recent surge of interest in Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led many simulation researchers to point out the similarities between AI and simulation methodologies, and to commence efforts to combine the two, thus improving both. This survey will discuss the current state-of-the-art of applying AI to simulation, and will present a detailed picture of research completed and in-progress.
Pretreatment with methylprednisolone shortens survival in a canine model of pseudomonas pneumonia

Abstract The effectiveness of steroids in reducing the pulmonary damage of aspiration or endotoxemia is controversial. The following study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that steroid pretreatment beneficially influences cardiopulmonary function and survival in a standardized model for canine pseudomonas pneumonia. Thirty mongrel dogs were anesthetized (pentobarbital, pancuronium), intubated, and ventilated (16 cc/kg × 10/min) for 24 hr with 50% O 2 /50% N 2 O. Fourteen of the dogs were pretreated with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg). The remaining 16 dogs received no steroids. Half of the animals in each group were ventilated with positive end expiratory pressure (10 cm H 2 O) (PEEP), and half with zero end expiratory pressure (ZEEP). Sixteen of the animals received and endotracheal inoculation of pseudomonas. Statistically significant deterioration of physiological parameters was evident in infected, steroid-treated animals as early as 2 hr. These pronounced changes were delayed until 8 hr in the animals managed without steroids. The administration of steroids did not appear to enhance the integrity of the alveolar capillary membrane. The overall mortality for the infected animals was 75% with steroid treatment versus 38% without steroid. We conclude that methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) offers no advantage in terms of cardiopulmonary performance or survival in this experimental model of canine pseudomonas pneumonia and endotoxemia. In fact, this evidence suggests that steroid pretreatment may be detrimental.
Purine excretion during tumor lysis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving allopurinol: relationship to acute renal failure.

We measured serial urine levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in 19 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) receiving allopurinol therapy during tumor lysis: four of these children developed acute renal failure. The urinary excretion of uric acid rose moderately from 447±251 μg/dl glomerular filtrate before chemotherapy to 778±463 μg/dl glomerular filtrate during tumor lysis (P 350 mg/dl, and occurred with equal frequency in those who did or did not develop acute renal failure. We conclude that urinary excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine increases dramatically whereas uric acid excretion rises moderately in children undergoing tumor lysis while receiving allopurinol, that acute renal faulire occurs in children with a higher purine load per decilliter of glomerular filtrate, but that factors other than tubular precipitation of purine metabolites are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of renal failure during tumor lysis.
The influence of light on small hive beetle ( Aethina tumida ) behavior and trap capture

The small hive beetle (Aethina tumida, Murray) is a major pest of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies, particularly in the Southeastern USA. We evaluated the small hive beetle’s (SHB) response to different wavelengths of the light spectrum and found that SHB larvae and adults were most attracted to the 390 nm wavelength. Early instar larvae were not significantly attracted to light, while wandering larvae and adults exhibited strong positive phototaxis. The light response of the nonfeeding larval stage indicates readiness to leave a hive and search for pupation locations. Laboratory competitive trapping trials showed that light increased trap catches more than ten-fold for adults and twenty-fold for larvae compared to traps without light. Field trials demonstrated different features of photo attraction; at field sites, hanging traps with light-emitting diodes incorporated into the capture area did not capture more adults than control traps. Light traps in enclosed spaces effectively trapped both adults and larvae. Light shows promise for beetle control in locations where comb is stored or honey extracted.
Serum magnesium levels as related to symptomatic vasospasm and outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that magnesium may be neuroprotective in the setting of cerebral ischemia, and therapeutic magnesium infusion has been proposed for prophylaxis and treatment of delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) resulting from vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We studied the association between serum magnesium levels, the development of DIND, and the outcomes of patients with SAH.
Drawing the planar dual

Abstract Given a straight-line planar embedding of a planar graph, we want to determine suitable locations for dual vertices. We require that edges of the dual graph be straight and cross only their corresponding primal edges. We give a linear-time algorithm for this problem in the case of convex four-sided faces, and show that the problem is NP-hard for the case of convex five-sided faces.
Resin to metal bond strengths using two commercial systems

Abstract Statement of problem. A secure bond between resin and an alloy framework is necessary for clinical success in removable prosthodontics. Purpose. This study compared the shear bond strength of composite to metal with two commercially available chemical bonding systems: a silicoating system (Silicoater) and a nitrogenous heterocycle-acrylonitrile system (Kevloc). Material and methods. Fifty-two nickel-chromium cubes were cast and composite resin was bonded to the alloy surfaces according to manufacturer's directions. After storage at 35° C for 15 days, and thermocycling at 5° C and 55° C for 1200 cycles, the bonds were fractured in shear on a universal testing machine. Results. Mean bond strength for the silicoated sample was 10.93 MPa and for the heterocycle-acrylnitrate system 11.44 MPa. An unpaired t test revealed no difference between the groups ( p = 0.60). Visual inspection of the fracture surfaces revealed that failure was adhesive at the resin-to-metal surface in almost all the specimens. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:270-3.)
Heavy Ions with CMS: The Central Region

The potential of CMS as a heavy ion detector is described with special emphasis on the study of the central rapidity region. The detector provides excellent measurements of leptons, photons, gauge bosons, jets and quarkonia. Thus CMS serves as an unbiased detector for Pb+Pb events at \(\sqrt {S_{nn} } = 5.5\) TeV.
The 30 cm J Series Mercury Bombardment Thruster

The 30 cm J Series Thruster has been base-lined for the Solar Electric Propulsion Vehicle. This paper discusses the evolution of the thruster and details its performance, lifetime, and operational characteristics. An operational envelope covering nominal input powers of 2650 to 700 W is defined. Total thruster efficiencies over this envelope range from 0.711 to 0.472 with a corresponding impulse and thrust ranging from 2980 to 1850 sec and 129.1 to 36.4 mN, respectively. Completed life test segments and the ability of the thruster to meet the design goal of 15,000 hr of life as well as the life limitations are discussed. A description and rationale of the present set of thruster operational control algorithms is also presented.
Applications of Mueller theory of two-particle inclusive processes

Abstract Assuming factorization, and extracting inclusive Reggeon vertices from one-particle inclusive data, we predict Regge corrections to scaling for several two-particle inclusive processes. The data on p + P → π− + π− + X, K+ + p → π− + π− + X, K− + p → π+ + π− + X, and π+ + p → π− + π− + X agree with our predictions.
The sharp threshold for percolation on expander graphs

We consider a random subgraph Gn(p) of a finite graph family Gn = (Vn, En) formed by retaining each edge of Gn independently with probability p. We show that if Gn is an expander graph with vertices of bounded degree, then for any cn ∈ (0, 1) satisfying \(c_n \gg {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\sqrt {\ln n} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {\ln n} }}\) and \(\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } c_n < 1\), the property that the random subgraph contains a giant component of order cn|Vn| has a sharp threshold.
A simple lattice-matching guide for superlattices and heterostructures of tetrahedrally-bonded semiconductors

Abstract Starting with the concept of the covalent radius, we give simple guidelines for lattice matching of tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors, including II–VI and III–V compounds, group-IV elements, and Mn chalcogenides. The list of closely matched pairs of binary and elemental semiconductors obtained in this way contains a variety of cases of potential interest in the context of heteroepitaxy, and particularly of superlattices. We then extend this covalent-radius-based procedure to ternany alloys, which can be used either to achieve perfect lattice matching, or to quantitatively control the degree of mismatch. Finally, the possibility of anchoring single-crystal films of cubic phases of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn on tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor substrates is discussed.
Fast Protein Refolding Observed in Pressure-Jump Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Pressure jump is known to induce fast protein folding. For a five-helix bundle λ-repressor fragment, a short refolding time of ∼2 μs was reported in an earlier pressure-jump experiment. To investigate this pressure-jump induced fast folding behavior, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of more than 33 μs in explicit solvent were carried out on the same λ-repressor construct. High-pressure denatured states, generated through a high-temperature unfolding and high-pressure equilibration simulation procedure, were found to contain a significant amount of helical structure. Upon pressure drop, the protein refolded into the native state in 20 μs. The folding in the simulation is slower than the one measured in pressure-jump experiment, but faster than the folding time of 80 μs measured in temperature-jump experiment. A complete unfolding and refolding process was observed in the trajectory, which permitted the characterization of high-pressure denatured states and refolding pathway. The pressure jump simulations carried out for this study can be employed in the future to investigate slow-folding proteins through 10∼100 μs molecular dynamics simulations by inducing a fast folding phase.
An Existentialist-Gestalt Approach to Clinical Supervision

Although the science and practice of clinical supervision receives relatively little attention in the professional literature (Mintz, 1983; Worthen & McNeill, 1996), some theorists and researchers have proposed different supervisory models based on bona fide therapeutic approaches. While the various approaches all seem similarly effective (Goodyear, Abadie & Efros, 1984), evidence supports the need for training programs that take an integrated, holistic approach to supervision (Dlugos & Friedlander, 2001; Worthen & McNeill, 1996). This article will present an ExistentialistGestalt approach to supervision designed to facilitate an integrated, holistic and effective training paradigm. In addition to theoretical constructs, recommendations for dealing with supervisees‟ emotional experience in training, cultural variables, and personal and professional developmental considerations will be presented. This article is available in The Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision: http://repository.wcsu.edu/jcps/vol1/iss2/4
The More You Do It, the Easier It Gets: Exposure and Response Prevention for OCD.

Abstract This manuscript is one in a series of invited papers to this journal. The purpose of the series is to highlight and discuss the similarities and differences between various behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The first article in this series (Twohig & Whittal) describes the case of “Caroline” upon which the current manuscript is based. We approach the case from a cognitive-behavioral orientation with exposure and ritual prevention (EX/RP) as the primary therapeutic approach. We highlight the use of EX/RP because of the considerable body of empirical evidence showing that EX/RP is an efficacious treatment for both adult and pediatric OCD. Using the provided case vignette, we outline a rationale for EX/RP and describe how EX/RP might be used to treat Caroline’s OCD. We begin by discussing the theoretical underpinnings for EX/RP and providing a rationale for treatment. We then briefly discuss the rich extant literature supporting EX/RP as an effective treatment for OCD. We then provide a detailed case conceptualization and description of the treatment. We conclude with barriers commonly encountered during EX/RP.
The Expanding Clinical Spectrum of Multisystem Disease Associated With Eosinophilia

THE SPECTRUM of disorders characterized by peripheral blood and/or tissue eosinophilia is diverse and heterogeneous. The relative paucity of these diseases has limited the ability to better define clinical subsets, origin, mechanisms of tissue injury, and the development of pathogenically determined therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, clinical and laboratory data emerging over the past several years have provided important evidence that these illnesses are mediated by cytokines specific to the production, migration, and activation of the eosinophil. The currently recognized systemic eosinophilic syndromes (unrelated to infectious and neoplastic disease) are distinguished from each other by their clinical and pathological manifestations. Target organ involvement may be localized and benign or generalized, associated with systemic manifestations, and potentially fatal. Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia (DFE) (eosinophilic fasciitis or Schulman syndrome) is a sclerodermalike condition characterized by inflammation and fibrous thickening of the subcutaneous fascia. 1 Although involvement is generally limited to the skin, more widespread features
A new measurement of the SF−6 autoionization lifetime

Abstract A new technique, which uses an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer as an ion trap, is used to measure the autoionization rate of SF − 6 . In the present experiments, the SF − 6 ion current is followed from 5 μsec to 800 μsec. The results show that SF − 6 does not decay by a simple, exponential, unimolecular process. Attempts to analyze the data in terms of unimolecular decay of a single state leads to ‘lifetimes’ which increase from
A simulator-based approach to Cellular Manufacturing System design

Abstract Cellular Manufacturing (CM) is a product-oriented organizational strategy that is recognized as one of the critical elements in the rejuvenation of outdated and unproductive manufacturing plants. Successful planning, design, and implementation of Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) require the development of sound, replicable system design approaches. In this paper, a simulator-based approach for the design of manufacturing cells and systems is described. The approach utilizes holistic systems design concepts and addresses Hitomi's three fundamental aspects of manufacturing systems: transformational, procedural, and structural. A distinction is made between system logic and system structure and the concepts of logical design and physical design are utilized. The approach described can assist the designer by providing a systematic holistic methodology to the CMS design process.
Visualization of Nucleolar Genes

The presence of extrachromosomal nucleoli in amphibian oocytes has permitted isolation and electron microscopic observation of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA precursor molecules. Visualization of these genes is possible because many precursor molecules are simultaneously synthesized on each gene. Individual genes are separated by stretches of DNA that apparently are not transcribed at the time of synthesis of precursor rRNA in the extrachromosomal nucleoli.
Paleomagnetic inclination errors in sediments cored from a Gulf of Mexico salt dome—An indicator of ancient sea level?

A paleomagnetic study of piston-cored sediments was done in conjunction with a high-resolution seismic reflection study of a salt dome on the upper continental slope in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Seismic data showed that late Pleistocene sediment layers are exposed around the bank and tilted up to 8{degree} by the diapiric uplift. Cores were taken on the flanks of the bank to test the use of paleomagnetism in measuring the tectonic tilt of the sediments. After structural corrections, results from six cores agreed with the geocentric axial dipole inclination for the site, but four other cores displayed significantly shallowed inclinations. Moreover, several cores showed linear trends of inclination shallowing, increasing downcore. The anomalous results are from the summit of the bank and suggest a relation to subaerial exposure during a sea-level lowstand. The authors think that the shallow inclinations were caused by compaction, but that the linear trends resulted from rehydration of the sediments after exposure by erosion.
Computer-graphic representation of mandibular movements in three dimensions. Part I. The horizontal plane

A computer-graphics simulation was developed to display the effects of mandibular movement patterns of both the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the occlusal plane. The many parameters affecting mandibular movement patterns may be varied selectively. The effects of these parameters on the pathways of movement described by the supporting cusps during occlusion can be graphically observed in the horizontal plane.
Enhancement of neutralizing activity of influenza virus-specific antibodies by serum components

The role of serum components in enhancing virus neutralizing (VN) activity of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (HA)-specific MAbs in vitro was investigated. The degree of enhancement depended on the MAb's fine specificity and heavy chain isotype and on type of serum. Greatest enhancement (>100-fold) was seen with sera from immunodeficient mice that lacked serum immunoglobulin. At least two serum components were involved: C1q and a heat-resistant factor. C1q was mandatory for enhancement, and other components of the complement system were not required. C1q appeared to operate by improving MAb-mediated inhibition of virus attachment to host cells and was most effective with MAbs that inhibited virus attachment poorly on their own. The heat-resistant factor enhanced VN activity only in the presence of C1q and appeared to operate by enhancing VN activity at a post-attachment stage.